OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Amharic Basic Course/Volume 2/Reader Unit 1

Reader for Unit 1, Basic Sentences and Classroom Expressions
አንደኛ፡ ትምህርት
| ንግግር |
| ጤና፡ ይስትልኝ፡ | ጤና፡ ይስትልኝ፡ እንደምን፡ አደሩ። |
| ደህና፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ይመስገን። እንደምን፡ አደሩ። | |
| አማርኛ፡ ያውቃሉ? | አዎ፡ አውቃለሁ። |
| | የለም፡ አላውቅም። |
| | ትንሽ፡ አውቃለሁ። |
| ምን፡ አሉ? | ምንም፡ አላልሁ። |
| ቃላት |
| እንደገና | ልክ፡ አይደለም |
| ይድገሙት | በጣም፡ ጥሩ፡ ነው። |
| ልክ፡ ነው | እንረፍ። |
# Amharic Basic Course/Volume 2/Reader Unit 2

Reader for Unit 2, Basic Sentences, Numbers, and Questions and Answers
ሁለተኛ፡ ትምህርት
| ንግግር |
| እባክዎ፣ ያሜሪካን፡ ኤምባሲ፡ የት፡ ነው? | ፈት፡ ለፈት፡ ነው። |
| | ሩቅ፡ ነው። |
| | ያሜሪካን፡ ኤምባሲ፡ በስተቀኝ፡ ነው። |
| | በስተግራዎ፡ ነው። |
| ባቡር፡ ጣቢያው፡ የት፡ ነው? | |
| ባቡር፡ ጣቢያው፡ ከዚህ፡ ሩቅ፡ ነው? | ሩቅ፡ አይደለም፡ ቅርብ፡ ነው። |
| ደህና፡ ሆቴል፡ የት፡ አለ? | አሜሪካን፡ ኤምባሲ፡ ፊት፡ ለፊት፡ ደህና፡ ሆቴል፡ አለ። |
| | ሆቴሉ፡ እዚያ፡ ነው። |
ቁጥሮች
አንድ (፩)፣ ሁለት (፪)፣ ሦስት (፫)፣ አራት (፬)፣ አምስት (፭)፣ ስድስት (፮)፣ ሰባት (፯)፣ ስምንት (፰)፣ ዘጠኝ (፱)፣ አሥር (፲)።
ጥያቄና፡ መልስ :
| ጥያቄ | መልስ |
| ጤና፡ ይስጥልኝ፡ እንደምን፡ አደሩ? | ደህና፡ እግዚአብሐር፡ ይመስገን። |
| እባክዎ፡ አንድ፡ ድህና፡ ሆቴል፡ የት፡ አለ? | ደህና፡ ሆቴሉ፡ አሜሪካን፡ ኤምባሲ፡ ፊት፡ ለፊት፡ አለ። |
| ሆቴሉ፡ ሩቅ፡ ነው? | የለም፡ ሩቅ፡ አይደለም። |
| አማርኛ፡ ያውቃሉ? | አዎ፡ ትንሽ፡ አውቃለሁ። |
| ምን፡ አሁ? | ምንም፡ አላልሁ። |
| ባቡር፡ ጣቢያው፡ እዚያ፡ ነው? | የለም፡ እዚያ፡ አይደለም። |
| አሜሪካን፡ ኤምባሲ፡ ከዚህ፡ ሩቅ፡ ነው? | ሁቅ፡ አይደለም፡ ቅርብ፡ ነው። |
| በጣም፡ ጥሩ፡ አማርኛ፡ ያውቃሉ? | የለም፡ በጣም፡ ጥሩ፡ አይደለም። |
| ከዚህ፡ በስተግራ፡ ምን፡ አሉ? | አንድ፡ በጣም፡ ጥሩ፡ ሆቴሉ፡ አለ። |
| ከዚህ፡ በስተቀኝ፡ ምን፡ አለ? | ከዚህ፡ በስተቀኝ፡ አንድ፡ ኤምባሲ፡ አለ። |
| ባቡር፡ ጣቢያው፡ ሩቅ፡ ነው? | አዎ፡ በጣም፡ ሩቅ፡ ነው። |
| ሆቴሉ፡ ትንሽ፡ ነው? | ኣዎ፡ በጣም፡ ትንሽ፡ ነው። |
| ባቡር፡ ጣቢያው፡ የት፡ አለ? | አሜሪካን፡ ኤምባሲ፡ ፊት፡ ለፊ፡ ​ |
| | አንድ፡ ባቡር፡ ጣቢያ፡ አለ። |
| ከዚህ፡ ሩቅ፡ ነው? | የከም፡ ሩቅ፡ አይደለም፡ ቅርብ፡ ነው። |
| አሜሪካን፡ ኤምባሲ፡ የት፡ ነው? | አካውቅም። |
# Amharic Basic Course/Volume 2

​AMHARIC
BASIC COURSE
Units 51 - 60 Reader Glossary
SERGE OBOLENSKY DEBEBOW ZELELIEMULUGETA ANDUALEM FOREIGN SERVICE INSTITUTE WASHINGTON, D.C.
DEPARTMENT OF STATE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
# Amharic romanization table

Amharic
Syllables
| 1st Order | 2nd Order | 3rd Order | 4th Order | 5th Order | 6th Order | 7th Order |
| ሀha | ሁhu | ሂhi | ሃhā | ሄhé | ህhe/h | ሆho |
| ለla | ሉlu | ሊli | ላlā | ሌlé | ልle/l | ሎlo |
| ሐḥa | ሑḥu | ሒḥi | ሓḥā | ሔḥé | ሕḥe/ḥ | ሖḥo |
| መma | ሙmu | ሚmi | ማmā | ሜmé | ምme/m | ሞmo |
| ሠśa | ሡśu | ሢśi | ሣśā | ሤśé | ሥśe/ś | ሦśo |
| ረra | ሩru | ሪri | ራrā | ሬré | ርre/r | ሮro |
| ሰsa | ሱsu | ሲsi | ሳsā | ሴsé | ስse/s | ሶso |
| ሸša | ሹšu | ሺši | ሻšā | ሼšé | ሽše/š | ሾšo |
| ቀqa | ቁqu | ቂqi | ቃqā | ቄqé | ቅqe/q | ቆqo |
| በba | ቡbu | ቢbi | ባbā | ቤbé | ብbe/b | ቦbo |
| ተta | ቱtu | ቲti | ታtā | ቴté | ትte/t | ቶto |
| ቸča | ቹču | ቺči | ቻčā | ቼčé | ችče/č | ቾčo |
| ኀẖa | ኁẖu | ኂẖi | ኃẖā | ኄẖé | ኅẖe/ẖ | ኆẖo |
| ነna | ኑnu | ኒni | ናnā | ኔné | ንne/n | ኖno |
| ኘña | ኙñu | ኚñi | ኛñā | ኜñé | ኝñe/ñ | ኞño |
| አʼa | ኡʼu | ኢʼi | ኣʼā | ኤʼé | እʼe | ኦʼo |
| ከka | ኩku | ኪki | ካkā | ኬké | ክke/k | ኮko |
| ኸxa | ኹxu | ኺxi | ኻxā | ኼxé | ኽxe/x | ኾxo |
| ወwa | ዉwu | ዊwi | ዋwā | ዌwé | ውwe/w | ዎwo |
| ዐʻa | ዑʻu | ዒʻi | ዓʻā | ዔʻé | ዕʻe | ዖʻo |
| ዘza | ዙzu | ዚzi | ዛzā | ዜzé | ዝze/z | ዞzo |
| ዠža | ዡžu | ዢži | ዣžā | ዤžé | ዥ,ዥže/ž | ዦžo |
| የya | ዩyu | ዪyi | ያyā | ዬyé | ይye/y | ዮyo |
| ደda | ዱdu | ዲdi | ዳdā | ዴdé | ድde/d | ዶdo |
| ጀǧa | ጁǧu | ጂǧi | ጃǧā | ጄǧé | ጅǧe/ǧ | ጆǧo |
| ገga | ጉgu | ጊgi | ጋgā | ጌgé | ግge/g | ጎgo |
| ጠṭa | ጡṭu | ጢṭi | ጣṭā | ጤṭé | ጥṭe/ṭ | ጦṭo |
| ጨċa | ጩċu | ጪċi | ጫċā | ጬċé | ጭċe/ċ | ጮċo |
| ጰp̣a | ጱp̣u | ጲp̣i | ጳp̣ā | ጴp̣é | ጵp̣e/p̣ | ጶp̣o |
| ጸṣa | ጹṣu | ጺṣi | ጻṣā | ጼṣé | ጽṣe/ṣ | ጾṣo |
| ፀṡa | ፁṡu | ፂṡi | ፃṡā | ፄṡé | ፅṡe/ṡ | ፆṡo |
| ፈfa | ፉfu | ፊfi | ፋfā | ፌfé | ፍfe/f | ፎfo |
| ፐpa | ፑpu | ፒpi | ፓpā | ፔpé | ፕpe/p | ፖpo |
| ቨva | ቩvu | ቪvi | ቫvā | ቬvé | ቭve/v | ቮvo |
| ቈqwa | -- | ቊqwi | ቋqwā | ቌqwé | ቍqwe | -- |
| ኈẖwa | -- | ኊẖwi | ኋẖwā | ኌẖwé | ኍẖwe | -- |
| ኰkwa | -- | ኲkwi | ኳkwā | ኴkwé | ኵkwe | -- |
| ጐgwa | -- | ጒgwi | ጓgwā | ጔgwé | ጕgwe | -- |
Combinations with wa
| ሏlwa | ቧbwa | ዟzwa | ጧṭwā |
| ሟ ፙ (Amharic characters)mwa | ቷtwa | ዧžwa | ጯċwā |
| (Amharic characters) ሯrwa | ቿčwa | ywa | ጿṣwā |
| ሷswa | ኗ, ኗnwa | ዷdwa | ፏ (Amharic characters)fwā |
| ሿšwa | ኟñwa | ጇǧwa | |
Combinations with ya
| (Amharic characters)rya | ፙ (Amharic characters)mya | (Amharic characters)fya |
Special initial
* (Amharic characters)ă
Numerals
| ፩ 1 | ፪ 2 | ፫ 3 | ፬ 4 | ፭ 5 | ፮ 6 | ፯ 7 | ፰ 8 | ፱ 9 |
| ፲ 10 | ፳ 20 | ፴ 30 | ፵ 40 | ፶ 50 | ፷ 60 | ፸ 70 | ፹ 80 | ፺ 90 |
| ፻ 100 | | | | | | | |
Note The Ethiopic script used for Amharic is also used for other languages, including Ge’ez, Argobba, Gurage, and Tigre. Ge’ez, which is chiefly a liturgical language, uses only 26 basic letter forms from this table.
# Amherst

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Amherst."
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Commons category, travel guide, Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.

## 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica

* Amherst in Massachusetts
* Amherst in Canada
* Amherst in Burma
* Jeffrey Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst (1717–1797), governor of Virginia and Guernsey and British field marshal
* William Pitt Amherst, 1st Earl Amherst of Arakan (1773–1857), British ambassador to China and governor-general of India
# Amharic Basic Course/Volume 2/Reader Unit 3

Reader for Unit 3, Basic Sentences, Classroom Expressions, Structure Sentences, and Questions and Answers.
ሦስትኛ፡ ትምህርት ንግግር
ዮሐንስ
ጤና፡ ይስጥልኝ፡ ስሜ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ ነው። የርስዎስ?
ከበደ
ከበደ፡ ነው። ኢትዮጵያዊ፡ ነው?
ዮሐንስ
አሜሪካዊ፡ ነኝ። ነገር፡ ግን፡ አቶ፡ ተሰማና፡ አቶ፡ ለማ፡ ኢትዮጵያዊያን ናቸው።
ከበደ
መቼ፡ መጡ?
ዮሐንስ
ትናንትና፡ መጣሁ።
ከበደ
እባክዎ፡ ስንት፡ ሰዓት፡ ነው?
ዮሐንስ
ሦስት፡ ሰዓት፡ ነው።
ከበደ
እግዚአብሔር፡ ይስጥልኝ።
ዮሐንስ
አብሮ፡ ይስጠን።
የክፍል ውስጥ ንግግር
መጽሐፎቻችህን፡ ክፈቱ። አብራችሁ፡ በሉ። አሁን፡ መጽሐፎቻችሁን፡ ዝጉ።
ዐረፍተ፡ ነገሮች፡
እኔ፡ አመሪካዊ፡ ነኝ። ኢትዮጵያዊ፡ ነህ? አንቺ፡ ቆንጆ፡ ነሽ። አስተዋይ፡ ነዎ። አስተዋይ፡ ነዎጭ። ይህ፡ ሰው፡ ማን፡ ነው? ጥሩ፡ ሴት፡ ናጥ ጥሩ፡ ሴት፡ ነች። ተማሪዎች፡ ነን። አስተማሪዎሽ፡ ናችሁ። መትፎ፡ ናቸው። እርሳቸው፡ ትልቅ፡ ናቸው።
ጥያቂና መልስ :
| ጥያቄ | መልስ |
| ስሜ፡ ተሰማ፡ ነው። የርስዎስ? | ጆን፡ ነው። |
| እርስዎ፡ አሜሪካዊ፡ ነዎ? | እኔ፡ ኢትዮጵያዊ፡ ነኝ። |
| እዚህ፡ መቼ፡ መጡ? | ትናንት፡ መጣሁ። ትናንትና፡ መጣሁ። |
| አቶ፡ ለማና፡ አቶ፡ ከበደ፡ | አላውቅም። ​ |
| መች፡ መጡ? | |
| እርስዎ፡ ተማሪ፡ ነዎ? | አዎ፡ ተማሪ፡ ነኝ። |
| አማርኛ፡ ያውቃኩ? | ትንሽ፡ አውቃለሁ። |
| እስዋ፡ ቆንጆ፡ ሴት፡ ናት? | አዎ፡ በጣም፡ ቆንጆ፡ ናት። |
| አቶ፡ ተሰማ፡ ምን፡ ያውቃሉ? | በጣም፡ ጥሩ፡ አማርኛ፡ ያውቃሉ። |
| አቶ፡ ለማ፡ መጥፎ፡ ሰው፡ ነው፡? | የለም፤ እሱ፡ በጣም፡ ጥሩ፡ ሰው፡ ነው። |
| አስተዋይ፡ ነው? | አዎ፡ አስተዋይ፡ ነው። |
| አስተዋይ፡ ነው? | አዎ፡ አስተዋይ፡ ነው። |
| ሁለትና፡ ሁለት፡ ስንት፡ ነው? | ሁለትና፡ ሁለት፡ አራት፡ ነው። |
| ሦስትና፡ አራት፡ ትንስ፡ ነው? | ሰባት፡ ነው። |
| አቶ፡ ተሰማ፡ ጤና፡ ነው? | አዎ፡ ደህና፡ ነው። |
| እነሱ፡ እዚህ፡ ናቸው? | አዎ፡ እዚህ፡ ናቸው። |
| አስተማሪዎች፡ እዚህ፡ ንቸው? | አዎ፡ እዚህ፡ ናቸው። |
| አስተማሪዎች፡ እዚህ፡ መቼ፡ መጡ? | እኔ አላውቅም። |
| እዚህ፡ ስንት፡ ሰዎች፡ መጡ? | ሁለት፡ ሰዎች፡ መጡ። |
| አቶ፡ ከበደ፡ መጥፎ፡ ነው? | የለም፤ መጥፎ፡ አይደለም። |
| አቶ፡ ከበደና፡ አቶ፡ ለማ፡ ተማሪዎች፡ ናቸው? | አዎ፡ እነሱ፡ ተማሪዎች፡ ናቸው። |
| አቶ፡ ከበደ፡ እዚህ፡ ነው? | እዚህ፡ አይደለም። ​ |
| እርስዎ፡ ኢትዮጵያዊ፡ ነዎ? | አዎ፡ ኢትዮጵያዊ፡ ነኝ። |
| እርስዎስ? | እኔ፡ አመሪካዊ፡ ነኝ። |
| አስተማሪ፡ ነዎ? | የለም፤ ተማሪ፡ ነኝ። |
| አቶ፡ ተሰማ፡ የት፡ ነው? | እዚህ፡ ነው፣ |
| መጽሓፉ፡ የት አለ? | እዚህ፡ ነው። |
| እስዋ፡ አስተማሪ፡ ነች? | አዎ፡ አስተማሪ፡ ነች። |
| እሱ፡ ትልቅ፡ ነው? | የለም፤ ትንሽ፡ ነው። |
| ስንት፡ ሰዓት፡ ነው? | አስር፡ ሰዓት፡ ነው። |
| አቶ፡ ለማ፡ ደህና፡ ነው? | አዎ፡ በጣም፡ ደህና፡ ነው። |
| እዚህ፡ ደህና፡ አስተማሪ፡ አለ? | አዎ፡ አንድ፡ ደህና፡ አስተማሪ፡ አለ። |
| ደህና፡ አማርኛ፡ ያውቃሉ? | በጣም፡ ትሩ፡ አይደለም። |
| አቶ፡ ከበደና፡ አቶ፡ ጆን፡ እዚህ፡ መች፡ መጡ? | ትናንትና፡ መጡ። |
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Maulwurf

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Maulwurf. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Maulwurf, masculine, from the equivalent Middle High German môltwërf, moltwërfe, masculine, ‘mole,’ literally ‘the animal that throws up the soil’ (Middle High German molte, feminine). The Modern High German form is a corruption of the Middle High German word, which is recorded even in the Middle High German and Old High German periods in various forms (Middle High German mûwërf, mûlwërf, mûlwëlf, mûrwërf). Other Modern High German corrupt forms are the dialectic Moltwurm, Maulwurm, and Maulwolf. Old High German moltwerf, multwurf, masculine, ‘mole,’ are connected with Middle High German molte, feminine, molt, masculine, ‘dust, mould, soil,’ Old High German molta, feminine, molt, masculine; compare Gothic mulda, feminine, ‘dust, mould,’ Anglo-Saxon molde, English mould; properly a feminine substantive from the participle formed with da- from the root mal, ‘to crush, pulverise,’ hence mul-da; compare falt, alt, laut, and zart. In Middle English also moldwerp, ‘mole’ occurs; of this Middle English mole, Dutch, Westphalian, and Frisian mol are shortened forms?. These, however, are probably independent forms from the root mal. Another name for mole appears in Old High German scëro, Middle High German schër, Suabian and Alemannian Schärmaus.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Maut

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Maut. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Maut, feminine, ‘toll, duty,’ a Bavarian word, from Middle High German mûte, feminine, Old High German mûta, feminine, ‘toll.’ The current derivation from Middle Latin mûta is not satisfactory, since the latter word is not recorded until late (first half of the 9th century), and that as a German word, nullum teloneum neque quod lingua theodisca Muta vocatur; ann. 837. Gothic môta, feminine, ‘toll,’ is the earliest recorded term. Yet Old High German mûta and Gothic môta (also Old Icelandic and Old Swedish múta, ‘fee, gratuity, bribe’) are not equivalent, since Gothic môta (Anglo-Saxon môt) leads to Old High German *muoȥa, and Old High German mûta to Gothic *mûda. Probably the Old Bavarian word was borrowed about the 8th century, after the High German permutation of consonants, from a dialectic closely allied to the Gothic (Gothic ô tended towards û); to this is also allied Old Slovenian myto, ‘toll.’ An earlier loan-word is also recorded in MidHigh German muoȥe, ‘toll, tax,’ which points to Old High German *muoȥa, and which has been preserved in Bavarian Mueß, ‘miller’s fee.’ Yet the word may have been primitively allied to the Gothic. The term Zoll, which is cognate in meaning, is also of obscure origin.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Maßholder

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Maßholder. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Maßholder, masculine, ‘maple,’ from Middle High German maȥalter, maȥolter, masculine, Old High German maȥȥaltra, maȥȥoltra, feminine, ‘maple’; the Modern High German form is due to its connection with Holunder (older variant Holder). The Old High German maȥȥoltra is like affoltra, ‘apple tree,’ from apfol, a derivative of a primary Gothic *matls. Anglo-Saxon mapuldr, English maple tree, with the recorded base mapol, English maple, has, instead of the High German dental, an abnormal labial, presupposing Gothic *mapls; so too Old Icelandic mǫpurr, masculine, ‘maple.’ On account of Old High German maȥȥaltra (ȥȥ for Gothic t), Maßholder cannot be connected with Maser (s equivalent to Gothic s); nor does it belong to Old High German maȥ, neuter, ‘food,’ Ahorn as ‘food tree’ being improbable, although maple-juice is used as a medicinal draught. Gothic *matla-, or rather *mapla-, is of obscure origin. Compare also Ahorn, where an earlier term is given. The Modern High German form Maßeller is, like Maßholder, a corruption of the Middle High German word. With regard to the Old High German suffix -tra, compare Apfel, Wacholder, and Holunder.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Meerrettig

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Meerrettig. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Meerrettig, masculine, ‘horse-radish,’ allied to Meer, like Herzog to Heer, vierte (ĭ) to vier (ī), &c.; corresponding to Middle High German męrręttich, Old High German męri-ratich, masculine, ‘radish that has come from over the sea, transpontine radish.’ The English term horse-radish, Meerrettig, is curious, and suggests the idea that Meer- in this case is equivalent to Mähre. Dutch mierikwortel, Westphalian mirrek, Hessian Merchhorn, seem to be of the same origin.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Maus

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Maus. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Maus (1.), ‘mouse,’ from the equivalent Middle High German and Old High German mûs, feminine; compare Dutch muis, Anglo-Saxon mûs, feminine, English mouse, Old Icelandic mús (Gothic *mûs), feminine, ‘mouse.’ In the consonantal form of the stem, mûs-, it is the common Teutonic as well as the common Aryan term for ‘mouse.’ The name occurs in almost all the Aryan languages, a proof that the Aryans in their primitive Asiatic home were already acquainted with the tiny animal, chiefly through its thefts, mûs- being derived from an Old Aryan root, mū̆s, ‘to steal,’ which exists in the Franconian chrêomosido, ‘plundering dead bodies,’ of the Lex Salica, and signifying ‘thief’ (it is possible, however, that the mū̆s, ‘to steal,’ is deduced from mûs, ‘mouse’). Compare Sanscrit mûš, ‘mouse,’ with the root muš, mušây, ‘to take away, rob’; also Greek μῦς, Old Slovenian myšĭ, feminine. Compare further the following word.
Maus (2.), properly ‘muscles on the arm and foot,’ now especially ‘ball of the thumb,’ ​from Middle High German mûs, feminine, ‘muscles especially of the upper part of the arm’; Old High German mûs, Anglo-Saxon mûs, Dutch muis, have the same sense; properly identical with Maus (1). In other cases too names of animals are applied to parts of the body. Compare Greek μῦς, ‘muscle,’ μυών, ‘cluster of muscles,’ Latin mus-culus, ‘muscle,’ literally ‘little mouse,’ Old Slovenian myšĭca, ‘arm,’ Sanscrit muš-ka, ‘testicle, pudenda muliebria,’ literally ‘little mouse.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Maßlieb

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Maßlieb. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Maßlieb, neuter, ‘daisy, Easter daisy,’ Modern High German only, formed from Middle Dutch matelief, Modern Dutch madelief, feminine, ‘daisy’; of obscure origin; perhaps allied to Matte?.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Meer

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Meer. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Meer, neuter, ‘ocean, sea,’ from Middle High German męr, neuter, Old High German męri, earlier mari, masculine and neuter, ‘ocean’; compare Old Saxon męri, feminine, Dutch meer, neuter, Anglo-Saxon męre, masculine, English mere (to which merman, mermaid, are allied), Old Icelandic marr, masculine, Gothic marei, feminine (and *mar, neuter, preserved in the compound mari-saivs, ‘ocean’). The common Teutonic word for ‘ocean,’ primary Teutonic mari, neuter (or mori, recorded by Pliny as a Cimbrian form), which is partly common to the West Aryan tribes (so too Latin lacus, Old Irish loch, equivalent to Old Low German lagu, ‘ocean’); Latin mare, neuter, Old Slovenian morjc, neuter, ‘ocean,’ Lithuanian máres, ‘Kurisches Haff,’ Old Irish muir (from mori), ‘ocean’; to these are allied Greek Αμφίμαρος, ‘son of Poseidon,’ as well as ἀμάρα, feminine, ‘trench, conduit’ (compare Old Frisian mar, ‘trench, pond’)?. These cognates are usually connected with the Aryan root mar, ‘to die’ (compare Mord, Latin morior), so that the ocean was named in “contrast to the living vegetation” of the mainland, just as in Indian also marus, ‘desert,’ is referred to the root mar, ‘to die’; this, however, is no more probable than the derivation of Mann from the root men, ‘to think.’ Compare Marsch and Moor.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Maß

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Maß. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Maß, neuter, ‘measure, standard, proportion,’ from Middle High German mâȥ, neuter, ‘measure, manner’; usually in Middle High German mâȥe, feminine, ‘measure, definite extent of time, space, weight, strength; moderation, temperance,’ Old High German mâȥa, feminine; compare Dutch maat, Old Icelandic máte, masculine, ‘method.’ With the Teutonic root mē̆t (in messen), from pre-Teutonic mē̆d, Latin mŏdus, ‘manner,’ is also connected.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Maße

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Maße. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Maße, feminine, ‘measure,’ allied to Middle High German mâȥe; see under Maß, neuter.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Mause

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Mause. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Mause, Mauser; feminine, ‘moulting, casting the skin, moulting season,’ from Middle High German mûȥe, feminine (in compounds mûȥer). ‘mewing, moulting’; Old High German *mûȥȥa, feminine, ‘moulting,’ is not recorded; allied to Old High German mûȥȥôn, Middle High German mûȥen, ‘to exchange for,’ Middle High German also especially ‘to moult, cast the skin.’ Borrowed before the Old High German period (contemporaneously with Käfig, Pfau, and Pips) from Latin mûtâre, hence the permutation of t to ȥ (Middle Latin mûta, ‘moulting’); sz has been preserved in Bavarian maußen. From the same source are derived Anglo-Saxon bimûtian, ‘to change, exchange,’ Middle English moutin, English to moult, as well as French muer, ‘to moult,’ mue, ‘moulting.’
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Townsend, Samuel Philip

From volume 4 of the work.
​Townsend, Samuel Philip, 2s. Samuel Philip, of Cork (city), Ireland, arm. Exeter Coll., matric. 14 Oct., 1865, aged 24.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Townsend, William Charles

From volume 4 of the work.
​Townsend, William Charles, 2s. William, of Walton, Lancashire, gent. Queen's Coll., matric. 4 July, 1820, aged 17; B.A. 1824, M.A. 1827, bar.-at-law, Lincoln's Inn, 1828, Q.C. and a bencher 1850, recorder of Macclesfield, died 8 May, 1850, author of 'Lives of the Judges.'
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Townsend, Robert Lawrence (1)

From volume 4 of the work.
​Townsend, Robert Lawrence, s. Robert Lawrence, of Shurdington, co. Gloucester, arm. Oriel Coll., matric. 10 April, 1783, aged 17, B.A. 1787, M.A. 1790; B. & D.D. from Worcester Coll. 1815, assumed the additional surname of Townsend, rector of Alderton, co. Gloucester, 1795, and of Bishop's Cleeve, Wilts, 1815, until his death in 1830.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Townsend, Thomas (2)

From volume 4 of the work.
​Townsend, Thomas, s. Gore, of Honington, co. Warwick, arm. Christ Church, matric. 30 April, 1800, aged 19; died 26 April, 1820.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Townsend, Theyer Lawrence

From volume 4 of the work.
​Townsend, Theyer Lawrence, 3s. Robert, of Painswick, co. Gloucester, doctor. Worcester Coll., matric. 14 Jan., 1825, aged 18; B.A. 1831.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Townsend, Thomas (3)

From volume 4 of the work.
​Townsend, Thomas, 1s. Thomas, of Rugby, co. Warwick, gent. Worcester Coll., matric. 10 April, 1823, aged 18.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Townsend, Thomas (1)

From volume 4 of the work.
​Townsend, Thomas, s. Thomas, of St. Andrew's, London, gent. Magdalen Hall, matric. 15 March, 1780, aged 32; rector of Aisthorp, and curate of Owmby, co. Lincoln, 1803, until his death 15 July, 1833.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Townsend, Samuel

From volume 4 of the work.
​Townsend, Samuel, s. Edward (? Mansel), of Cork (city), Ireland, arm. Christ Church, matric. 6 Dec., 1784, aged 16; B.A. & M.A. 1791, probably of Whitehall, co. Cork, high sheriff 1798, died 19 June, 1836.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Townsend, Thomas Jackson Milnes

From volume 4 of the work.
​Townsend, Thomas Jackson Milnes, o.s Thomas, of Brattleby, co. Lincoln, cler. Lincoln Coll., matric. 29 March, 1838, aged 18; B.A. 1841, vicar of Searby, co. Lincoln, 1845, father of Charles Wm.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Townsend, Robert Lawrence (2)

From volume 4 of the work.
​Townsend, Robert Lawrence, o.s. Robert, of Stanbridge House, Painswick, co. Gloucester, arm. Trinity Coll., matric. 49 March, 1859, aged 19; B.A. 1861.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Dolde

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Dolde. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Dolde, feminine, ‘umbel,’ from Middle High German tolde, feminine, ‘top or crown of a plant or tree,’ Old High German toldo, masculine; the Modern High German word has apparently a Low German initial sound. The root is dul (pre-Teutonic dhel), as is indicated by Old High German tola, ‘grape-stalk.’ From Aryan dhel, Greek θόλος, ‘dome’ (allied in meaning to Modern High German Dolde, ‘umbel’), is formed by gradation. Yet θάλλω, ‘to sprout, bloom,’ θάλος, neuter, ‘young shoot, twig, may also be cognates.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Donner

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Donner. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Donner, masculine, ‘thunder,’ from the equivalent Middle High German doner, Old High German donar, masculine, corresponding to Anglo-Saxon þunor, English thunder; Gothic *þunara-, masculine. It is the Old Teutonic name for thunder, under which also the weather-god was worshipped (see Donnerstag). The name comes from the Aryan root ten, discussed under dehnen, Dohne, and dünn. In its application to sound we meet with this root in Greek τόνος, ‘string, rope, stretching, tone, accent,’ Sanscrit root tan, ‘to resound, roar, tanayitnú-s, ‘roaring, thundering,’ Latin tonare (Anglo-Saxon þunian, Gothic *þunôn, ‘to thunder’), Latin tonitrus; the latter correspondences are, on account of their meaning, the most closely allied to the Teutonic words.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Dorf

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Dorf. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Dorf, neuter, ‘village, hamlet,’ from the equivalent Middle High German and Old High German dorf, neuter; an Old Teutonic word; compare Old Saxon thorp, Dutch dorp, Anglo-Saxon þorp, English thorp, throp (existing now only in proper names); Old Icelandic þorp, ‘hamlet’; Gothic þaúrp signifies ‘fields, land,’ while in the other dialects the Modern High German meaning of the word is current (in Gothic haims, ‘village’; see Heim). The meaning of Modern High German (Swiss) dorf, ‘visit, meeting,’ connected perhaps with Old Slovenian trŭgŭ, ‘market,’ deserves special notice. If the history of the word is rendered difficult by such variations of meaning, it is made still more so by the Keltic *tṛbo, ‘village’; Welsh tref, ‘village’ (to which the name of the Old Gallic tribe Atrebates is allied), also connected with Latin tribus, ‘tribe.’ Moreover, Old Icelandic þyrpa, ‘to crowd,’ is closely akin to Greek τύρβη, Latin turba, ‘band.’ Note too Anglo-Saxon þrĕp, þrôp, ‘village,’ Lithuanian trobà, feminine, ‘building.’