OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Skene, John McDowall

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​SKENE, formerly Smith. (Commander, 1846.)
John McDowall Skene is son of Capt. John Skene, R.N., C.B. (1813), who acted as Master of the Egmont 74, Capt. John Sutton, in the action off Cape St. Vincent, 14 Feb. 1797, was First-Lieutenant of the Africa 64, Capt. Henry Digby, at the battle of Trafalgar 21 Oct. 1805, commanded the Beagle sloop at the reduction of St. Sebastian in 1813, and died in 1833 at Bin Rook, Cardy, Forfar, N.B. Commander Skene, whose father’s name was originally Smith, assumed his present surname on inheriting property in Scotland in 1846.
This officer entered the Navy, 17 Nov. 1825, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Ganges 74, Capt. Patrick Campbell, lying at Portsmouth. Removing with Capt. Campbell in March, 1827, to the Ocean 80, he sailed in that ship in Feb. 1828 for Lisbon in escort ​of Don Miguel, and was employed in her off the Morea during the evacuation of Greece by the Egyptian army. He served next in the Briton and Stag of 46 guns each, Capts. John Duff Markland and Nich. Lockyer; and while in the latter ship he was engaged as Mate (he had passed his examination in June, 1832) in blockading the Scheldt pending the siege of Antwerp by the French in 1833-4. From 1835 until 1839 he was stationed in the West Indies for the suppressing of slavery, in the Nimrod 20, Capt. John Fraser; and for his subsequent services in the Magicienne 24, Capt. Fred. Thos. Michell, on the coast of Syria, particularly in sounding in a 4-oared gig and obtaining the correct depth of water along the whole sea face of the batteries of St. Jean d’Acre prior to the bombardment, he was promoted, 5 Nov. 1840, to the rank of Lieutenant. His subsequent appointments were – 15 Dec. 1840, 9 April, 1841, and 19 Jan. 1842, to the Princess Charlotte 104, flag-ship of Sir Robt. Stopford, Stromboli steamer, Capts. Woodford John Williams and Wm. Louis, and Ganges 84, Capt. Barrington Reynolds, all in the Mediterranean, whence he returned to England and was paid off in April, 1842 – 1 Aug. in the latter year, to the Resistance 42, troop-ship, Capt. Chas. Geo. Edw. Patey – and 1 July, 1843, to the Penelope steam-frigate of 650 horse-power, fitting for the broad pendant of Commodore Wm. Jones, Commander-in-Chief on the west coast of Africa. Of the latter vessel, which was indefatigably employed in the suppression of the slave-trade, he soon became First-Lieutenant. Being intrusted with the command of her boats on every occasion of importance, he was present in them at the destruction of Tombocorro and Minna and of all the towns and factories up the Gallinas river. In Oct. 1844 he took one slaver and destroyed another in the bay of Cacongo; on which occasion 4 of the enemy were shot. At the dying request of Commodore Jones, and as a reward both for his services during that officer’s long illness and for the state of discipline in which he paid the Penelope off, he was promoted, 26 May, 1846, to the rank of Commander. Since 21 June, 1848, he has been employed in the Coast Guard.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Skardon, George Briscoe

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​SKARDON. (Lieut., 1814. f-p., 14; h-p., 28.)
George Briscoe Skardon entered the Navy, 26 March, 1805, as Midshipman, on board the Agincourt 64, Capts. Thos. Briggs and Henry Hill, stationed in the North Sea; and from June, 1806, until Nov. 1810, was employed, latterly as Master’s Mate, in La Chiffonne 36, Capt. John Wainwright, in the Mediterranean and East Indies. In 1807 he was wounded (in consideration whereof he obtained a grant from the Patriotic Fund) at the cutting-out of an armed vessel from Minorca; and in Nov. 1809 he assisted at the destruction of the strong town of Ras-al-Khyma and of more than 80 piratic vessels in the Persian Gulf. In June, 1810, on his arrival at St. Helena from China in the Belliqueux 64, Capt. Hon. Geo. Byng, he again joined La Chiffonne, and in her he returned to England. After serving at Spithead as a Supernumerary in the Royal William, Capt. Robt. Hall, and in the Bay of Biscay in the Dannemark 74, Capt. Jas. Bissett, he was received, in Aug. 1812, on board the Minden 74, flag-ship of Sir Sam. Hood, and sailed a second time for the East Indies, where he was nominated, 2 May, 1813, Acting-Lieutenant of the Volage 22, Capt. John Allen; was confirmed, 4 Feb. 1814, into the Leda 36, Capt. Geo. Sayer; and was in succession, in the course of 1815, removed to the Hecate 18, Capt. J. Allen, Wellesley 74, Capts. Michael Matthews and John Harper, and Doris 36, Capt. J. Harper. In March, 1816, he came home. His last appointments were, 14 Sept. 1818, for three years, to the Severn, Coast ​Blockade ship, Capt. Wm. M‘Culloch, and, 13 Nov. 1821, to the charge of a station in the Coast Guard. Agents – Messrs. Stilwell.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Skinley, John

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​SKINLEY. (Lieutenant, 1817.)
John Skinley entered the Navy, we believe, in 1804, as A.B., on board the Egyptienne 40, Capt. Hon. Chas. Elphinstone Fleeming, employed in cruizing among the Western Islands. From June, 1806, until Nov. 1813 he served, the chief part of the time as Captain of the forecastle, in the Theseus and Poictiers 74’s, Capts. Geo. Hope and John Poo Beresford, in the Channel and North Sea, and also on the Halifax station; where he then, and in June, 1815, became Master’s Mate of the Maidstone 42, Capts. Geo. Burdett, Alex. Gordon, and Wm. Skipsey, and Akbar 50, bearing the flag of Rear-Admiral Edw. Griffith. Of the latter ship he was nominated Acting-Lieutenant 28 June, 1816. He was officially promoted 12 Feb. 1817, and has not been since afloat.
One of his sons is married to the eldest daughter of Lieut. Chas. Hill, R.N.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Skene, Alexander Motz

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​SKENE. (Lieut., 1820. f-p., 12; h-p., 27.)
Alexander Motz Skene entered the Navy, 9 Jan. 1808, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Guerrière 40, Capt. Alex. Skene, under whom he was for two years employed in that frigate and in the Hussar 38, on the West India, Halifax, and Home stations. He was present, in the Hussar, in the expedition to the Walcheren. After serving for nine months In the Implacable 74, Capt. Geo. Cockburn, in which ship he made a voyage to Vera Cruz and assisted at the defence of Cadiz, he returned home with the latter officer in the spring of 1811 in the Druid 32. In Jan. 1812 he entered the Royal Naval College; on leaving that institution in Sept. 1814 he became in succession attached to the Prince 98, Capt. Geo. Fowke, Iphigenia 42, Capt. Andrew King, Ruby 64, Capt. Andrew Fitzherbert Evans, and Albion and Northumberland 74’s, flag-ships of Sir Geo. Cockburn. In the Northumberland he escorted Napoleon Buonaparte to St. Helena. On his return he was received on board the Bulwark 74, bearing the flag of Sir Chas. Rowley in the river Medway; and he was next, from Sept. 1816 until promoted to his present rank, 26 Dec. 1820, employed in the Surly 10, Lieut.-Commander John Hill, Ramillies 74, flag-ship at Leith of Sir Wm. Johnstone Hope, Isabella hired sloop, Capt. John Ross, Bulwark again, Capt. Sam. Warren, and Griper brig, Lieut.-Commander Matthew Liddon. He has since been on half-pay. He left England, in 1818, in the Isabella, for the purpose of exploring Baffin Bay and of inquiring into the probability of a North-West Passage; and in the Griper he accompanied the present Sir Wm. Edw. Parry in 1819 on another voyage of discovery to the Polar regions. The expedition having on that occasion penetrated to long. 113° 54' 43", within the Arctic Circle, he became thereby entitled to a portion of a Parliamentary reward of 5000l. Agent – Fred. Dufaur.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Sims, Andrew

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​SIMS. (Lieutenant, 1815. f-p., 27; h-p., 14.)
Andrew Sims entered the Navy, 20 Aug. 1806, as Midshipman, on board the Edgar 74, Capt. Geo. Jackson, bearing the flag of Lord Keith in the Downs; and, from the following Oct. until Oct. 1809, was employed in the Acasta 40, Capt. Philip Beaver, on the West India station; where he assisted, in Feb. of the latter year, at the reduction of Martinique. After serving for eight months in the Channel in the Scipion 74, flag-ship of Hon. Robt. Stopford, he again, in June, 1810, joined Capt. Beaver on board the Nisus 38. In that frigate he co-operated in the reduction of the Isle of France and of Java. He continued in her under Capt. Chas. Marsh Schomberg until May, 1814; and, on 15 Feb. 1815, he was advanced to the rank of Lieutenant. Since 31 March, 1828, he has been in charge of a station in the Coast Guard.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Sinclair, Archibald

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​SINCLAIR. (Captain, 1841.)
Archibald Sinclair, born 20 Sept. 1801, is fourth son of the late Right Hon. Sir John Sinclair, Bart., D.C.L., F.R. and A.S., Cashier of the Excise in Scotland, by his second wife, Diana, youngest daughter of Alexander, first Lord Macdonald. He is brother of the present Sir Geo. Sinclair, Bart.; and brother-in-law of George, late Earl of Glasgow. His first-cousin, Jane, daughter (by one of his father’s sisters) of General Alex. Campbell of Barcaldine, was wife of the late Earl of Caithness.
This officer entered the Navy, 19 April, 1814, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Armada 74, Capt. Chas. Grant, attached to the fleet in the Mediterranean. In Nov. of the same year he became Midshipman of the Chatham 74, commanded in the Channel by Capt. David Lloyd; and between Sept. 1815 and Feb. 1823 he was employed on the East India station in the Challenger sloop, Capts. Henry Forbes and Philip Henry Bridges, Trincomalee of 48 guns, Capt. P. H. Bridges, Orlando 36 and Malabar 74, both commanded by Capt. John Clavell, Minden 74, flag-ship of Sir Rich. King, and Liffey 50, Commodore Grant. He was then nominated Acting-Lieutenant of the Dauntless 24, Capt. Geo. Cornish Gambier; and on his return to England he was officially promoted by a commission bearing date 22 Oct. 1823. He had, while in India, accompanied an expedition against the pirates of the Persian Gulf. His appointments after he left the Dauntless were – 10 Feb. 1825, to the Glasgow 50, Capt. Hon. Jas. Ashley Maude, in the Channel – 10 Dec. following, to the Doterel 18, Capt. Henry Edwards, on the Halifax station – and, 7 Sept. 1829, to the St. Vincent 120, flag-ship of the Earl of Northesk at Plymouth. He was promoted to the rank of Commander 22 July, 1830; was appointed the next day Second Captain of the Warspite 76, bearing the flag of Sir Thos. Baker in South America; and on 16 Sept. 1831 was removed to the command of the Jaseur 18, at the Cape of Good Hope. He paid that vessel off in Oct. 1832; and has not been since afloat. His Post-commission bears date 23 Nov. 1841.
In 1826 Capt. Sinclair was presented with the honorary medallion of the Royal Humane Society for having twice, in the Glasgow, saved the life of others, at the imminent hazard of his own. On the first occasion he plunged in his uniform overboard, in a dark night and a high sea, after a Midshipman, the present Commander Thos. Hope, and was only saved from perishing by accidentally grasping a rope which happened to be hanging over the side of the ship. In the second instance he similarly rescued a seaman named Friend, who had fallen overboard in an epileptic fit. Agents – Messrs. Stilwell.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Skene, James

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​SKENE. (Lieut., 1815. f-p., 10; h-p., 30.)
James Skene entered the Navy, in 1807, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Favourite 18, Capt. Nairne, lying at Sheerness; and in 1808 joined the Puissant 74, Capt. Irvine, at Spithead. After cruizing in the West Indies and on the coast of North America in the Guerrière 40, Capt. Alex. Skene, he followed that officer in 1809 into the Hussar 38, and in the course of the same year accompanied, as Midshipman, the expedition to the Walcheren. From 1810 until 1812 he served, chiefly on the Home station, in the Seine 36, Capts. David Atkins and John Hatley, and Inconstant 36, Capt. Edw. W. C. R. Owen. He was then employed for upwards of a year and a half in the Minden and Illustrious 74’s, flag-ships (both commanded by Capt. A. Skene) of Sir Sam. Hood in the East Indies; on his return whence we find him serving for a year under Vice-Admiral Hon. Sir Alex. Cochrane in the Asia 74 and Tonnant 80, on the North American station. While there he was very actively employed against the enemy. in the boats and on shore, and was present in the attack upon New Orleans. On 27 March, 1815 (the day after he had passed his examination), he was nominated Acting-Lieutenant of the Wolverene 16, Capt. Geo. Guy Burton; and while in that vessel, in which he continued until the following Aug., he was officially promoted to a commission bearing date 25 April in the same year. His last appointments were – 19 Sept. 1822 and 18 Jan. 1823 to the Impregnable 104 and Britannia 120, both commanded by Capt. Skene, and each bearing the flag of Sir A. Cochrane at Plymouth. He has been on half-pay since April, 1824. Agents – Hallett and Robinson.
# A History of Sanskrit Literature

* information about this edition.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
An overview of the Sanskrit literature by an eminent Sanskritist.
A HISTORY OF SANSKRIT LITERATURE
BY
ARTHUR A. MACDONELL, M.A., Ph.D.
CONTENTS.
| CHAP. | | PAGE |
| | PREFACE | v |
| I. | INTRODUCTORY | 1 |
| II. | THE VEDIC PERIOD | 29 |
| III. | THE RIGVEDA | 40 |
| IV. | POETRY OF THE RIGVEDA | 59 |
| V. | PHILOSOPHY OF THE RIGVEDA | 116 |
| VI. | THE RIGVEDIC AGE | 139 |
| VII. | THE LATER VEDAS | 171 |
| VIII. | THE BRĀHMAṆAS | 202 |
| IX. | THE SŪTRAS | 244 |
| X. | THE EPICS | 277 |
| XI. | KĀVYA OR COURT EPIC | 318 |
| XII. | LYRIC POETRY | 335 |
| XIII. | THE DRAMA | 346 |
| XIV. | FAIRY TALES AND FABLES | 368 |
| XV. | PHILOSOPHY | 385 |
| XVI. | SANSKRIT LITERATURE AND THE WEST | 408 |
| | APPENDIX ON TECHNICAL LITERATURE—LAW—HISTORY—GRAMMAR—POETICS—MATHEMATICS AND ASTRONOMY—MEDICINE—ARTS | 428 |
| | BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES | 438 |
| | INDEX | 455 |
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1930, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 93 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# A History of Persia/Preface

PREFACE.
It was suggested to me to continue the history of Persia from the period at which Sir J. Malcolm's work ends to the present time; but it appeared to me to be desirable to include in this volume a résumé of the leading events which paved the way for the establishment of the Kajar dynasty. As, however, I can throw little or no new light upon the events of that period of Persian history, I have not devoted much space to it; and refer the reader to the eloquent pages of Sir John Malcolm for fuller details.
From the death of Aga Mahomed Khan to the present time—an interval of about seventy years—the history of Persia has not, I believe, been written (excepting by Persian chroniclers) in any continuous form, although the events of certain periods have been described with sufficient accuracy and fulness.
With regard to some portions of the history of modern Persia, I have had to trust to such information as was to be derived from Persian sources. The English reader may be disposed to look with mistrust on information coming from such authorities; but in all that refers to what has taken place in Persia in relation to ​any European state, I have availed myself of every opportunity of testing the accuracy of Persian statements by comparing them with the accounts given by European authorities.
With regard to the incidents of the wars between Russia and Persia, I have preferred to trust to the impartial statements of Europeans who took no part in the struggle, but who derived their information from Russian officers and Russian prisoners as well as from the Persians.
Those portions of this narrative which rest solely on Persian statements, refer to the internal affairs of the country, and to the dealings of its government with the Affghans, the Oozbegs, and the Turkomans.
Having indicated in foot-notes the authorities upon which I have chiefly drawn, I need not enumerate them here; but in acknowledging my obligations to those writers, and to others whose names I may have omitted to mention, I also beg to express my thanks to Mr. Glen, British Vice-Consul at Tehran, and to Meerza Ibrahim, for the assistance they have kindly afforded me in preparing this work.
R. G. WATSON.
ST. JAMES'S CLUB, LONDON, October 20th, 1865.
# A Newport Aquarelle

In A Newport Aquarelle, Maud Howe paints a delicate picture of people and life in the dreamy island of Newport—and of the ripples created by the arrival a stranger—Larkington, a handsome, unknown Englishman. And, especially, of the beautiful Gladys Carleton and her two suitors.
"Oh, old Mr. Carleton was an enormously rich man, and she is his only child. She is an excellent woman of business, and manages her own affairs entirely. She has a mother; but Mrs. Carleton is not here this summer. She is an old lady, and finds Newport too exciting for her taste."
This is what was said on the sidewalk.
The lady in the carriage who was the subject of this conversation said to her companion,—
"Do you know who that man with Count Clawski is, Gladys?"
"Oh yes, Cousin Amelia; I can tell you all about him. His name is Larkington,—the Hon. Cuthbert Larkington. He is an Englishman, of high family.... Mrs. Craig was telling us all about him this morning. She had been looking him up in the Peerage...."
A NEWPORT
AQUARELLE.
THE CASINO, NEWPORT.
BOSTON:
ROBERTS BROTHERS.
1883.
Copyright, 1883,
By Roberts Brothers.
Cambridge:
PRINTED BY JOHN WILSON AND SON,
UNIVERSITY PRESS.
* Chapter I
* Chapter II
* Chapter III
* Chapter IV
* Chapter V
* Chapter VI
* Chapter VII
* Chapter VIII
* Chapter IX
* Chapter X
* Chapter XI
* Chapter XII
* L'Envoi
** end matter
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1948, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 75 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# A Treatise on Painting/Chapter 177

Chap. CLXXVII.—Which is the most important, the Shadows or Outlines in Painting.
It requires much more observation and study to arrive at perfection in the shadowing of a picture, ​than in merely drawing the lines of it. The proof of this is, that the lines may be traced upon a veil or a flat glass placed between the eye and the object to be imitated. But that cannot be of any use in shadowing, on account of the infinite gradation of shades, and the blending of them, which does not allow of any precise termination; and most frequently they are confused, as will be demonstrated in another place.
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# A Treatise on Painting/Chapter 180

Chap. CLXXX.—How a Painter may become universal.
The painter who wishes to be universal, and please a variety of judges, must unite in the same composition, objects susceptible of great force in the shadows, and great sweetness in the management of them; accounting, however, in every instance, for such boldness and softenings.
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# A Treatise on Painting/Chapter 178

Chap. CLXXVIII.—What is a Painter’s first Aim, and Object.
The first object of a painter is to make a simple flat surface appear like a relievo, and some of its parts detached from the ground; he who excels all others in that part of the art, deserves the greatest praise. This perfection of the art depends on the correct distribution of lights and shades, called Chiaro-scuro. If the painter then avoids shadows, he may be said to avoid the glory of the art, and to render his work despicable to real connoisseurs, for the sake of acquiring the esteem of vulgar and ignorant admirers of fine colours, who never have any knowledge of relievo.
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# A Treatise on Painting/Chapter 183

Chap. CLXXXIII.—Of the best Light.
The light from on high, and not too powerful, will be found the best calculated to shew the parts to advantage.
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# A Treatise on Painting/Chapter 176

Chap. CLXXVI.—Which of the two is the most useful Knowledge, the Outlines of Figures, or that of Light and Shadow.
The knowledge of the outline is of most consequence, and yet may be acquired to great certainty by dint of study; as the outlines of the different parts of the human figure, particularly those which do not bend, are invariably the same. But the knowledge of the situation, quality, and quantity of shadows, being infinite, requires the most extensive study.
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# A Treatise on Painting/Chapter 181

Chap. CLXXXI.—Accuracy ought to be learnt before Dispatch in the Execution.
If you wish to make good and useful studies, use great deliberation in your drawings, observe well among the lights which, and how many, hold the first rank in point of brightness; and so among the shadows, which are darker than others, and in what manner they blend together; compare the quality and quantity of one with the other, and observe to what part they are directed. Be careful also in your outlines, or divisions of the members. Remark well what quantity of parts are to be on one side, and ​what on the other; and where they are more or less apparent, or broad, or slender. Lastly, take care that the shadows and lights be united, or lost in each other; without any hard strokes, or lines: as smoke loses itself in the air, so are your lights and shadows to pass from the one to the other, without any apparent separation.
When you have acquired the habit, and formed your hand to accuracy, quickness of execution will come of itself.
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# A Treatise on Painting/Chapter 182

Chap. CLXXXII.—How the Painter is to place himself in regard to the Light, and his Model.
Let A B be the window, M the centre of it, C the model. The best situation for the painter will be a little sideways, between the window and his model, as D, so that he may see his object partly in the light and partly in the shadow.
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# A Treatise on Painting/Chapter 184

Chap. CLXXXIV.—Of Drawing by Candle-light.
To this artificial light apply a paper blind, and you will see the shadows undetermined and soft.
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# A Treatise on Painting/Chapter 179

Chap. CLXXIX.—The Difference of Superficies, in regard to Painting.
Solid bodies are of two sorts: the one has the surface curvilinear, oval, or spherical; the other has ​several surfaces, or sides producing angles, either regular or irregular. Spherical, or oval bodies, will always appear detached from their ground, though they are exactly of the same colour. Bodies also of different sides and angles will always detach, because they are always disposed so as to produce shades on some of their sides, which cannot happen to a plain superficies.
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# A Treatise on Painting/Chapter 18

Chap. XVIII.—To draw Figures from Nature.
Accustom yourself to hold a plummet in your hand, that you may judge of the bearing of the parts.
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