OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Crime and Punishment/Part VI

PART VI
# County Commissioners of Wicomico Mico County v. Bancroft

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
203 U.S. 112
County Commissioners of Wicomico Mico County v. Bancroft
Argued: October 9, 1906. --- Decided: November 5, 1906
Mr. James E. Ellegood for petitioners.
Messrs. Nicholas P. Bond, Ralph Robinson, and Edward Duffy for respondent.
[Argument of Counsel from page 113 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice Day delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# County Court of Knox County Missouri v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
109 U.S. 229
County Court of Knox County Missouri v. United States
v.
HUIDEKOPER, Relator.
BAKER, Treasurer, etc.,
v. UNITED STATES ex rel. DAVIS.
November 12, 1883.
James Carr and Geo. G. Reynolds, for Knox county, and Baker, treasurer.
James Carr, for Macon county.
T. K. Skinker, for Harshman.
Geo. H. Shields, for Davis and Wells & French Co.
Joseph Shippin, for Huidekoper.
WAITE, C. J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Alabama, The

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​ALABAMA, THE, a Confederate cruiser which devastated American shipping during the Civil War. She was a bark-rigged steamer of 1,040 tons, built under secret instruction at Birkenhead, England. Her destination was suspected by the United States minister, but when orders for her detention were finally obtained, she had departed (July 31, 1862). She made for the Azores, where she was equipped and manned by an English crew, under the command of Capt. Raphael Semmes, of Maryland. She then proceeded to capture and burn vessels bearing the American flag, and ​the destruction wrought in less than two years amounted to 65 vessels, and about $4,000,000 in property. In June, 1864, she put into Cherbourg, France, for repairs. Here she was intercepted by the Federal corvette “Kearsarge,” Captain Winslow, and, after an hour's battle, Semmes surrendered. An account of her history is given in “Two Years on the Alabama,” by Arthur Sinclair (1895).
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Alabama Polytechnic Institute

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​ALABAMA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE, a coeducational (non-sectarian) institution in Auburn, Ala., organized in 1872; reported in 1899: Professors and instructors, 31; students, 347; volumes in the library, 13,000; grounds and buildings valued at $136,500; productive funds, $253,500; income, $58,182; graduates, 522; president, W. Le Roy Broun, LL. D.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Alabama (river)

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​ALABAMA, a river in the State of Alabama, formed by the confluence of the Coosa and Tallapoosa above Montgomery, and uniting with Tombigbee to form the Mobile river; tortuous in its course; 312 miles long, navigable its entire length for small vessels, and for 60 miles of its lower course for vessels of 6-feet draft.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Alabama Claims

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​ALABAMA CLAIMS, a series of claims made in 1871 by the United States against the English Government for damages done to shipping during the Civil War, after a formal discussion between the two governments in 1865, and fruitless conventions for their settlement in 1868 and 1869. These damages were inflicted chiefly by the “Alabama,” an armed vessel of the Confederate States, which was fitted out in a British port and permitted to sail in violation of existing international law. A tribunal, created in 1871 to pass upon these claims, held its sessions in Geneva, Switzerland, during the year 1872, and awarded the United States the sum of $15,500,000 in gold, in satisfaction of all claims at issue.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Alagoas

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​ALAGOAS, a maritime state of the republic of Brazil, bounded on the N. and W. by Pernambuco. The country is mountainous in the N. W., and low, marshy and unhealthy on the coast. The chief productions are the sugar-cane, cotton plant, manioc or cassava, ipecacuanha, maize, rice, etc., and also timber and dye-woods. Pop. (1917) 946,617. The town of Alagoas, once the capital, pop. about 50,000. The present capital is the port of Maceio.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Alabaster

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​ALABASTER (from Greek alabastros, or the earlier form, alabastos), a tapering box, made for holding ointment; a rosebud; a measure of capacity, holding 10 ounces of wine or 9 of oil. The word is also applied to the mineral now called granular gypsum, and to any vessel made of it. Alabaster was named from Alabastron (near modern Antinoë), an Egyptian town.
In mineralogy, massive gypsum, either white or delicately shaded.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Alabama, University of

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​ALABAMA, UNIVERSITY OF, organized in 1831; location, Tuscaloosa. Besides a curriculum of science and belles-lettres, it has a medical school at Mobile. In 1919 it had a teaching corps of 125 instructors and was attended by 1,800 students. It has 6,000 graduates. President, G. H. Denny, LL. D.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Alabama City

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​ALABAMA CITY, a city of Alabama in Etowah co. It is on the Louisville and Nashville, the Alabama Great Southern, the Nashville, the Chattanooga and St. Louis, and the Southern railroads. It is the center of an important agricultural region producing the chief varieties of grain. Coal is found in the vicinity. The city has a cotton mill and a steel foundry. Pop. (1910) 4,313; (1920) 5,432.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Alajuela

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​ALAJUELA (äl-ä-whā′la), a city of of Costa Rica, Central America, 23 miles W. N. W. of Cartago. The same name is used for a state. Pop. (1917) state, 109,063; city, 6,481.
# Cunningham v. Norton

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
125 U.S. 77
Cunningham v. Norton
W. Hallett Phillips, for plaintiff in error.
M. L. Crawford, D. A. McKnight, E. John Ellis, and John Johns, for defendants in error.
BRADLEY, J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Cunningham v. Neagle

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
In re Neagle, 135 U.S. 1 (1890), was a United States Supreme Court decision that determined the question of whether the Attorney General of the United States had authority to appoint U.S. Marshals as bodyguards to Supreme Court Justices. Warning: template has been deprecated.
United States Supreme Court
135 U.S. 1
Cunningham v. Neagle
[Syllabus from pages 1-3 intentionally omitted]
MILLER, J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Cunningham v. Macon and Brunswick Railroad Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
109 U.S. 446
Cunningham v. Macon and Brunswick Railroad Company
A. G. Magrath and W. W. Montgomery, for appellant.
Joseph H. Choate and Clifford Anderson, for appellees.
MILLER, J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/District of Columbia

Edition of 1921; disclaimer. For a map, see Maryland.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, the Federal district of the United States, containing the National capital. Named for Columbus. Fixed as seat of United States Government in 1790 by an act of Congress. Formed out of Washington co., Md. (64 square miles), a portion of Virginian territory offered the Government being not now included. The United States Government removed to the District in 1800. The city of Washington was captured by the British in 1814, and the Capitol and Executive Mansion were burned. The District was governed by Congress till 1871, when a legislative body of 33 (11 appointed by
the President and 22 elected) was created. This form of government was continued till 1878, when the government was invested in the present three commissioners, one of whom must be an army officer, and all of whom are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. Congress makes all laws for the District. Citizens of the District have no vote for National officers. There is but one government for the entire District, with which the city of Washington (q. v.) is now coextensive.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Donjon

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​DONJON, the grand central tower of a Norman or mediæval castle, frequently raised on an artificial elevation. It was the strongest portion of the building, a high square tower with walls of enormous thickness, usually detached from the surrounding buildings by an open space walled, called the Inner Bailey, and another beyond called the Outer Bailey. Here, in case of the outward defenses being gained, the garrison retreated to make their last stand. The donjon contained the great hall, and principal rooms of state for solemn occasions, and also the prison fortress; from which last circumstance we derive the modern and restricted use of the word dungeon. Examples are seen in the White Tower, in the Tower of London, Rochester Castle, and in the Castle at Newcastle. It was also called the donjon-keep.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Diet (meeting)

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
DIET, a meeting or assembly of delegates or dignitaries convened and held from day to day for legislative, ecclesiastical, political, or administrative purposes; specifically, the legislative assemblies of the former German Empire, provincial assemblies of Austria-Hungary, the Cantons of Switzerland, etc. The Diet of the German Empire was composed of three colleges: one of electors, one of princes, and one of imperial towns, and began with the edict of Charles IV. in 1356. The best known meetings were those at Nuremberg, 1467, Worms, 1521 (at which Luther was excommunicated), Spires, 1529, and Augsburg, 1530.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Die-sinking

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
DIE-SINKING, the art of making dies for coins, medals, etc. It is a branch of engraving, but involves turning, tempering, and the use of other tools besides the graver.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Don Quixote

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​DON QUIXOTE (kē-hō′tā), the title of a famous romance by Cervantes. The name of the hero, Don Quixote, is used as a synonym for foolish knight-errantry or extravagant generosity.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Don Juan

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​DON JUAN (whän) the hero of a Spanish legend which seems to have had some historical basis in the history of a member of the noble family of Tenorio at Seville. The legend has furnished the subject for many dramas and operas. The most famous of the latter is Mozart's "Don Giovanni." Among the former are "Don Juan ou Le Festin de Pierre," by Molière and "The Libertine," by Shadwell. The "Don Juan" of Byron bears no relation to the old story.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Dictionary

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
DICTIONARY (from the Latin dictio, a saying, expression, word), a book containing the words, or subjects, which it treats, arranged in alphabetical order. It may be either a vocabulary, or a collection of the words in a language, with their definitions, or a special work on one or more branches of science or art prepared on the principle of alphabetical arrangement, such as dictionaries of biography, law, music, medicine, etc. Among the dictionaries of the English language, the earliest seem to have been those of Barett (1573), and of Bullokar (1616). That of Dr. Johnson published in 1755 made an epoch in this department of literature. The first important dictionary of the English language is that by Noah Webster (1828). It has been frequently republished, and in subsequent editions has almost entirely altered its character. The large American dictionary by Dr. Worcester was once a rival of Webster's. Dr. Ogilvie's English dictionary (based on Webster, and first published in 1847-1850) was published in a remodeled and enlarged form (4 vols. 1881-1882, Chas. Annadale, LL.D., editor). Cassell's “Encyclopædic Dictionary” is another extensive and useful work (1879-1888). An English dictionary “on historical principles,” edited by J. A. H. Murray, LL. D., with the assistance of many scholars, is published at the Clarendon Press (London). The “Century Dictionary” (New York, 1889-1891) in six volumes, with a supplementary “Cyclopædia of Names,” is a comprehensive and useful work. In 1885 appeared the “Standard Dictionary” (New York), which adopts the spelling reform system of the American Philological Association. A revised edition appeared in 1915. The chief
etymological dictionary of English words is that by Professor Skeat (1882); the chief French is that of Littré; German, that of Grimm.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Dieppe

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
DIEPPE (dē-ep'), a seaport town of France, department of Seine-Inférieure, on the English Channel, at the embouchure of the Arques, 93 miles N. N. W. of Paris. Almost the only public edifices worth special notice are the two Gothic churches, St. Jacques, begun in the 13th century, and St. Rémi, founded in 1522, and the old castle (1433), now a barrack. To the W. of Dieppe proper is the suburb La Barre; and on the opposite side of the harbor La Pollet, inhabited chiefly by sailors and fishermen. The
port is spacious, admitting vessels of 1,200 tons burden; but it cannot be entered at low water. Dieppe is one of the chief watering places of France, and is much frequented by visitors in summer and autumn. The great bathing establishment forms a luxurious retreat for bathers and invalids, and includes a ball-room and other attractions. The manufactures include works in ivory, the most famed in Europe; works in horn and bone, lace-making, sugar-refining, ship-building, etc. There is a busy fishery, and the foreign trade is still considerable. There is constant steam intercourse between this port and Newhaven. In early times Dieppe was the chief port of France, but its prosperity diminished after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes (1685). Pop. about 25,000.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Diesel, Rudolf

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
DIESEL, RUDOLF, a German inventor, born in Paris in 1858. He studied in England and at the Polytechnic School in Munich. After his graduation he lived in Paris for a few
years, acting as manager of a refrigerating company. He finally settled in Munich in 1895. After some years of experiment he successfully solved the problem of the internal combustion engine and patented his Diesel Engine (q. v.). In 1912 he delivered a series of lectures in the United States. Called the next year by the British Admiralty to consult with them in reference to his engine, his career was brought to an untimely end by drowning in the English Channel. His monograph on the Diesel Engine has been translated as “Theory and Construction of a Rational Heat Motor”.
RUDOLF DIESEL
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Wheaton College

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
WHEATON COLLEGE, an institution for the higher education of women,
established in Norton, Mass., in 1834, as the Newton Female Seminary. In 1912 it assumed the name and rank of a college. The productive funds amount to about $1,000,000. There were in 1919 30 instructors and 200 students. President, Samuel V. Cole, D. D.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Wheeling

* related portals: West Virginia.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, travel guide, Wikidata item.
Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
WHEELING, a city and county-seat of Ohio co., W. Va.; on the Ohio river, and on the Wheeling and Lake Erie, the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago and St.
Louis, the Ohio River, the Baltimore and Ohio, and the Wheeling and Lake Erie railroads; 65 miles S. W. of Pittsburgh, Pa. Part of the city is on an island in the river, connected with the main part by bridges. Here are a United States Government building, court house, public library, Masonic and Odd Fellows' halls, Wheeling and city hospitals, waterworks, street railroad and electric light plants, National, State, and savings banks, and a number of daily, weekly, and monthly periodicals. Manufacturing is greatly promoted by the natural gas and bituminous coal found abundantly in the vicinity. The principal plants include steel and iron works, blast furnaces, glass factories, tobacco and cigar factories, foundries, boiler works, stove works, canneries, ice factory, machine shops, brass foundry, planing mills, etc. Wheeling was settled in 1769, and was the scene of battles with the British and Indians during the Revolutionary War. In 1863-1870, and in 1875-1885 it was the State capital. Pop. (1910) 41,641; (1920) 56,208.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/White, Andrew Dickson

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON, an American diplomatist; born in Homer, N. Y., Nov. 7, 1832. He was graduated at Yale in 1853; traveled in Europe; studied at Sorbonne and College de France, 1853-1854; attaché to legation of the United States, St. Petersburg, 1854-1855; studied in the University of Berlin, 1855-1856; Professor of History and English Literature University of Michigan, 1857-1863; returned to Syracuse and elected State Senator, in which capacity (1863-1867) he introduced reports and bills codifying the schools laws, creating a new system of normal schools, establishing a new health board in the city of New York, and incorporating Cornell University at Ithaca; chosen first president of that university, 1866; visited Europe to purchase books and apparatus therefor, and make special study of European educational methods; has in addition to the presidency filled the chair of modern history; was appointed by President Grant commissioner to Santo Domingo to study and
report on question of annexation, 1871; by the State of New York commissioner to Paris Exposition, 1878; by President Hayes minister to Berlin, 1879-1881; by President Harrison minister to St. Petersburg, and continued under President Cleveland, 1892-1894; appointed by President Cleveland member of the Venezuelan Commission, 1895-1896; ambassador to Berlin under President McKinley, 1897; president of the American delegation to the International Peace Congress at The Hague in 1899. Mr. White was a regent of the Smithsonian Institution and an officer of the Legion of Honor of France. His principal works are: “The Warfare of Science” (1876); “History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom” (1897); “European Schools of History”; “The New Germany”; “The Work of Benjamin Hale” (1911). He died in 1918.
ANDREW DICKSON WHITE
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/White, Horace

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
WHITE, HORACE, an American editor; born in Colebrook, N. H., Aug. 10, 1834. He settled in Chicago, was editor of the Chicago “Tribune” (1864-1874); and subsequently became connected with the New York “Evening Post.” He wrote many pamphlets and essays on political, social, and financial topics, the best known being: “The Silver Question”; “The Tariff Question”; “Coin's Financial Fool”; “Money and Banking Illustrated by American History”; “The Gold Standard”; “Life of Lyman Trumbull” (1913); and edited Bastiat's “Sophismes Economiques” (1876) and Cossa's “Scienza delle Finanze” (1889). He died in 1916.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/White, Richard Grant

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
WHITE, RICHARD GRANT, an American Shakespearean scholar; born in New York City, May 23, 1822. His journalistic work was in connection with the New York “Courier and Enquirer” (1851-1858), and “World” (1860-1861); and the London “Spectator” (1863-1867), for which he wrote “Yankee Letters.” Among his published books are: “Biographical and Critical Handbook of Christian Art” (1853); “Shakespeare's Scholar” (1854); “National Hymns: A Lyrical and National Study for the Times” (1861); “Memoirs of the Life of William Shakespeare, with an Essay Toward the Expression of His Genius,” etc. (1865); “Poetry of the Civil War” (1866); “Words and Their Uses” (1870); “England Without and Within” (1881); “The Riverside Shakespeare,” with Biography, introductions and notes (1883, 3 vols.); an annotated edition of
Shakespeare, (1857-1865, 12 vols.). He published one novel, “The Fate of Mansfield Humphreys” (1884). He died in New York City, April 8, 1885.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/White, Edward Douglas

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
WHITE, EDWARD DOUGLAS, an American jurist; born in the parish of Lafourche, La., Nov. 3, 1845; was educated at Mount St. Mary's College, Md., and at the Jesuit College in New Orleans. During the Civil War he served in the Confederate army. After the war he practiced law. He was State Senator of Louisiana in 1874; associate justice of the Supreme Court of Louisiana in 1878; and United States Senator in 1889-1894. While still in the Senate he was appointed an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court and became Chief Justice on the death of Melville W. Fuller in 1910.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/White, Gilbert

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
WHITE, GILBERT, an English naturalist; born in Selborne, England, July 18, 1720. He wrote: “The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne in the County of Southampton” (1789); and a posthumous work edited from his papers, “The Naturalist's Calendar, with Observations in Various Branches of Natural History” (1795). Many naturalists have published editions of his works with annotations. John Burroughs wrote an introduction to the edition of 1895. His “Letters” were published in 1876. He died in Selborne, June 20, 1793.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/White, Henry

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
WHITE, HENRY, an American diplomat and public official, born in Baltimore, Md., in 1850. He was educated in private schools in the United States and France, and took post-graduate studies at Harvard and Johns Hopkins. He entered the diplomatic service and was secretary of the American Embassy at London, from 1884 to 1905. He acted many times as charge. In 1887-1888 he represented the United States at the International Conference for the abolition of sugar bounties, and also took part in many
other international conferences, including the Algeciras Conference respecting Moroccan affairs in 1906. In 1905 he was appointed American Ambassador to Italy, and in 1907 was appointed Ambassador to France, serving until 1909. In 1910 he was chairman of the American delegation to the Fourth Pan-American Conference. He was selected by President Wilson as the Republican representative on the United States delegation to the Peace Conference in Paris in 1919.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/White, Henry Kirke

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
WHITE, HENRY KIRKE, an English poet, born in Nottingham, England, March 21, 1785; was the son of a butcher, and being of a delicate constitution he was put to the trade of stocking weaving. From his infancy he manifested great love of learning, and at the age of 14 produced some notable specimens of poetry. He published, in 1803, a poem called “Clifton Grove”; and after his death his “Remains,” consisting of poems, letters, etc., were edited by Southey. He died in Cambridge, England, Oct. 19, 1806.