# The Jade Mountain/Topography

TOPOGRAPHY
We have thought it best to substitute now and then in the text of the poems the modern names of places, with an attempt at consistent spelling, for the T'ang names used in the original; sometimes we have indulged in English translations of the names; but this index records the old names, for scholars who may be interested. It also locates in modern geography the towns, lakes, rivers, mountains, and, roughly, the larger regions, for the possible interest of students and travellers. We use, however, the sufix "ou" instead of "ow": Han-k'ou, Su-chou and Yang-chou, instead of Hankow, Soochow and Yangchow. The T'ang capital, often mentioned in these poems, was Ch'ang-an, now Hsi-an-fu in Shen-si Province. Han was China, and Fan the outside world. The Three Kingdoms (220-264) were Shu, now Sze-chuan Province; Wu, now Kiang-su Province and other provinces in the Yang-tsze valley; and Wêi, now Ho-nan Province and other provinces in the Huang-ho valley.
The T'ang names of regional divisions most important for readers of the poems are, with approximate modern equivalents:
| Chin (Shan-si Province) Ch'in (Shen-si Province) Chu (Hu-nan Province) Ping (Shan-si Province) Shu (Sze-chuan Province) | Wéi (Ho-nan Province) Wu (Kiang-su Province) Yen (Chih-li Province) Yu (Chih-li Province) Yüeh (Chê-kiang Province). |
General List
Broken Mountain Temple (P'o-shan): in Ch'ang-shu district, Kiang-su Province
Ch'ang-an: the T'ang capital, now Hsi-an-fu, in Shen-si Province
Chang-chou: a district in Fu-kien Province
Ch'ang-chou: a district in Kiang-su Province
Chang-fêng-sha (Wind-swept Sands): in An-huêi Province
Ch'ang-kan: a small town near Nan-king
Chang-sha: the capital of Hu-nan Province
Chao: a district in Chih-li Province
Chêng: a district in Ho-nan Province
Ch'êng-tu (Ching-ch'êng, called the City of Silk): the capital of Sze-chuan Province
Chien-tê: a town and a river in Chê-kiang Province
Chin: Shan-si Province
Ch'in: Shen-si Province
Ching Gate (Ching-mên): at Ching-chou, in Hu-pêi Province
Ch'in-huai River: at Nan-king
Ch'i-yang: in Shen-si Province
Ch'u: Hu-nan Province
Ch'u Mountains: in Hu-nan Province
Ch'u Rivers: the Han and Hsiang Rivers in Hu-pêi and Hu-nan Provinces
Chuian-chiao Mountain: in An-huêi Province
Ch'u-chou: a district in An-huêi Province
Ch'ü-li: in Manchuria
Chung-nan Mountain (Southernmost Mountain): fifteen miles south of Ch'ang-an, one of the Nan-shan Range, in Shen-si Province
​Ch'ü-t'ang: the first of the three great gorges on the upper Yang-tsze; also a district in Sze-chuan Province
City of Silk: Chêng-tu, in Sze-chuan Province
Dagger River (Chien-ho): the upper part of the Yang-tsze, in Sin-kiang Province
Dagger-Tower Trail: in Sze-chuan Province
Dragon City (Lung-ch'êng): in Manchuria
Dragon Mound (Lung-tuêi): in Turkestan
Fêng-chi Station: in Sze-chuan Province
Fêng-chou: a district in Kuang-tung Province
Fêng-hsiang: a district in Shen-si Province
Fou-liang: a district in Kiang-si Province
Fu-chou: a district in Shen-si Province
Fu-li: a district in An-huêi Province
Giant's Palm (Hsien-jên-chang): one of the peaks of Great Flower Mountain
Great Flower Mountain (T'ai-hua or Hua-shan): in Shen-si Province
Great White Mountian (T'ai-po): in Sze-chuan Province
Green Clay Mountain (Ch'ing-ni): in Sze-chuan Province
Han: China
Han-k'ou (Hsia-k'ou): in Hu-pêi Province
Han River: joins the Yang-tsze in Hu-pêi Province
Han-yang: in Hu-pêi Province
Heavenly Mother Mountain (T'ien-mu): a peak of the T'ien-t'ai
Mountains in Chê-kiang Province
Heavenly Terrace Range (T'ien-tai): in Chê-kiang Province
Heaven-Peak Road: on T'ien-shan, in Turkestan
​Hêng Mountain: in Hu-nan Province, one of the Five Holy Mountains
Hill of Gold (Chin-shan): between Mongolia and Manchuria
Ho-lan Range: in Kan-su Province, near Turkestan
Hsia-kuêi: a district in Shen-si Province
Hsiang River: in Hu-nan Province
Hsiang-yang: a district in Hu-pêi Province
Hsiao River: in Hu-nan Province
Hsia-yung: a district in Sze-chuan Province
Hsi-yüan: a district in Shen-si Province
Hsüan-chou: a district in An-huêi Province
Hsün-yang River: at Kiu-kiang
Hua-chou: a district in Shen-si Province
Huai: a district in Kiang-su Province
Huai River: a tributary of the Yang-tsze, in Kiang-su Province
Hua-mên tribes: Turkestanese
Hua-yin: the district under T'ai-hua (Great Flower Mountain) and around Hsien-yang, a local T'ang capital, in Shen-si Province
Jade Pass (Yü-mên, Yü-kuan, or Yü-mên-kuan): a gateway or divide between China and Turkestan, now in the western part of Tun-huang district, Kan-su Province
Jo-ya Lake: in Chê-kiang Province
Kiang-ling: a district in Hu-pêi Province
Kiu-kiang (Chiang-chou or Hsün-yang): in Kiang-si Province
Kua-chou: a town in Kiang-su Province, across the Yang-tsze from Chin-kiang
Kuan-nêi: within the Great Wall, in Shen-si Province
Liang-chou: a district in Kan-su Province
​Liang-ch'uan: unknown
Liao: near Mukden, Manchuria
Liao-hsi: a border-camp, in Manchuria
Li-chou Ferry: unknown
Liao-yang: a district in Feng-tien Province, Manchuria
Lien-chou: a district in Kuang-tung Province
Li-mien tribes: Manchus
Ling-ch'üng: a district in Sze-chuan Province
Ling-t'ao: a district in Kan-su Province
Ling-t'ao River: between China and Tibet
Ling Valleys: in Shen-si Province
Ling-ying: a district in Ho-nan Province
Liu-chou: in Kuang-si Province
Lo-yang: a district in Ho-nan Province, a principal city of the T'ang Dynasty, formerly a capital of China
Lo-yu Tombs: in Ch'ang-an (Hsi-an-fu) in Shen-si Province
Lu Dukedom: near T'ai-shan, in Shan-tung Province
Lu-mên: near Hsiang-yang in Hu-pêi Province
Lu Mountain: near Kiu-kiang in Kiang-si Province
Ma-wêi Slope: near Ch'ang-an (Hsi-an-fu) in Shen-si Province
Mao-ling: in Hu-nan Province
Maple Bridge (Fêng-ch'iao): in Su-chou, Kiang-su Province
Mêng Valley: in Hu-pêi Province
Mi-lo River: in Hu-nan Province
Mirror Lake (Ching-hu): in Chê-kiang Province
Nan-king (Chin-ling or Chien-yê): in Kiang-su Province
Nan-ling: a district in An-huêi Province
Nine Doubts Mountain (Chiu-ni): in Hu-nan Province
​Niu-chu Mountain: on the Yang-tsze not far from An-king, in An-huêi Province
North Fort Hill (Pêi-ku): in Chin-kiang, Kiang-su Province
O-mêi Mountain: one hundred and seventy miles south-west of Ch'êng-tu, in Sze-chuan Province
Orchid Mountain (Lan-shan): in Kan-su Province
Pa: a district in Sze-chuan Province
Paling: a district in Shen-si Province
Pa Island: in Hu-nan Province
Parrot Island (Ying-wu-chou): near Han-kou, Hu-pêi Province
Pa-shang: near Ch'ang-an (Hsi-an-fu), Shen-si Province
P'en-p'u: in Kiu-kiang, Kiang-si Province
Persia: Chiu-tzŭ
Ping: Shan-si Province
Po-têng Road: in Manchuria
Po-ti (the City of the White God): in Sze-chuan Province
Pu-kou: in Kiang-su Province
Red Phœnix City: Ch'ang-an
Running Horse River (Tsou-ma-ch'uan): in Manchuria
Sand Mouth (Sha-k'ou): in Turkestan
San-yuan (Yiin-yang): a district in Shen-si Province
Shan-yin: a district in Chê-kiang Province
Shin-fêng: a place in Ch'ang-kan; also a district in Kiang-su Province
Shou-hsiang: a border-city near Mount Hui-lo in Manchuria
Shu: Sze-chuan Province
Siberia: Lo-so
Stone-Fish Lake (Shih-yŭ-hu): in An-huêi Province
​Su-chou (Ku-su): in Kiang-su Province
Sung Mountain: near Lo-yang, in Ho-nan Province, one of the Five Holy Mountains
T'ai-shan: the Holy Mountain, in Shan-tung Province
Tao-chou: a district in Hu-nan Province
Ta-yü Mountain: between Kiang-si and Kuang-tung Provinces
Terrace Tower: a part of the Nan-king city-wall
Tibet: Yüeh-chih
Ting-chou: a district in Fu-kien Province
Town of the Horse (Ma-yi): in Turkestan
Tripod Fall (Hsiang-lu): one of the peaks of Lu Mountain, in Kiang-si Province
Tsou Realm: near T'ai-shan, in Shan-tung Province
Tsŭ-chou: in Sze-chuan Province
T'ung Gate (T'ung-kuan): a gate or pass by the T'ung River, in Shen-si Province
T'ung-lu River: in An-huêi Province
Tung-t'ing Lake: between Hu-nan and Hu-pêi Provinces
Turkestan (T'u-chiieh): Sin-kiang Province
Wêi: Ho-nan Province
Wêi-ch'êng: near Ch'ang-an (Hsi-an-fu), in Shen-si Province
Wêi River: in Shen-si Province
West Fort Mountain (Hsi-sai): near Wu-ch'ang, in Hu-pêi Province
Wheel Tower (Lun-t'ai): in Manchuria
White Gate City: Nan-king
White God City (Po-ti): in Sze-chuan Province
White Wolf River (Pai-lang-ho): in Manchuria
Wu: Kiang-su Province
​Wu-ch'ang (O-chou): a district by the Han River, now the capital of Hu-pêi Province
Wu-chiang: a district in Kiang-su Province
Wu-chou Mountain: in Chê-kiang Province
Wau-chu Tribes: Manchus
Wu-hsing: a district in Chê-kiang Province
Wu-ling: a district and a river in Hu-nan Province
Wu Valley: in Hsia-chou District, Sze-chuan Province
Wang-ch'uan: in Shen-si Province
Yang-chou (Kuang-ling or Wêi-yang or Wu-chêng or Kiang-tu): a district and city in Kiang-su Province
Yang Gate (Yang-kufin): south of the Jade Pass, between China and Turkestan, now in Kan-su Province
Yang-tsze-kiang: the great artery river between north and south China
Yellow Dragon City (Huang-lung): in Manchuria
Yellow River (Huang-ho): the second largest river, in north China
Yen: the part of Chih-li Province centering at Pe-king
Yen-ch'êng: in Ho'nan Province
Yen-jan: the boundary mountain between China and Manchuria
Yen Mountain: near Hsiang-yang, in Hu-pêi Province
Yi-chou: in Sze-chuan Province
Yieh: a district in Ho-nan Province
Yien River: in Chê-kiang Province
Yin Mountains: between Turkestan and Mongolia
Ying-mên Mountain: in Hu-pêi Province
Yo-chou (Yüeh-yang or Yüeh-chou or Paling): a district in Hu-nan Province
Yu: Chih-li Province
​Yü-ch'ien: in Chê-kiang Province
Yu-chou: in Chih-li Province
Yüeh: Chê-kiang Province
Yun Valley: in Hu-pêi Province
Yung: a district in Hu-nan Province
Yun-yang (now San-yuan): a district in Shen-si Province
Yü-yang (now Chi-hsien): a district in Chih-li Province
Yü-yi: a district in An-huêi Province