# South-Indian Images of Gods and Goddesses/Index

INDEX.
abhanga, slight bend of body in images, 162, 168, 266. abhaya, protecting pose of hand in images (q.v.), 10, 41, 43, 64, 66, 76, 77, 79, 84, 88, Sgn, 93, 97, no, 114, 148, 177, 178, 189, 190, 194, 199, 202, 212*, 239, 243, 2.)8, 259, 266. Abja, serpent-chief, 251. Adavallan, Tamil name for Nataraja, 82;;, Adharma (vice), ohauu-bearer of Varna, 243- Adi-Chandesa, or Adidasa-Chandesa, epi- thet of Chandesa, l6r, 162. Aditnurti, s.a. Vaikuntha-Narayana, 52. Adisesha, s.a. Sesha, 251. Aditya-griha, a Sun-shrine, 235. Aditya-Purana, 103. Adivaraha, s.a. Varaha, 22. Agamas, class of literature, I, 84, 88, 89, now, 114, 129, 132, 137, 148, 161, 165, 235, 251, 262. Agastya, sage, 90, 254. Aghora, one of the five images constituting Panchadehamurti, 77. Aghoramurti, form of Siva, 148, 151. Agni, fire, regent of the south-east quarter, 196, 236", 241, 243. Ahalya, wife of Gautama, 241. Ahavanlya, one of the (three) sacrificial fires, represented by the goddess Saras- vatl, 220. Ahobalam, village in the Kurnool district, 26. Airavata, the elephant of Indra, 241. Aivyaonghen, identified with Avyanga, 236;^. Aiyanar, village god, 229, 230. Ajaikapad, one of the Eleven Rudras, 97, Alagiyanachchiyamma, village deity, 224. Alakshml, s.a. Tyeshtha, 21611. Alambakkam, village in the Tanjore dis- trict, 196. Alayattu-Pillaiyar, Ganapati image men- tioned in the Tanjore inscriptions, 176. alidha, posture in standing, 26, 213, 266 ;- in sitting, 197. Alinganamurti, form of Chandrasekhara, 114. 18 _Noie : Figures after articles refer to pages ; the following abbreviations are used : n. footnote; s.a. = same as ; do. = ditto ; q.v. (quod vide) = which see.] Alkondar, epithet of Kshetrapala at Tint- vadi, i59. Alvar, epithet of Vaishnava saints, 259, 262. Amarakosa, Sanskrit lexicon, 62, I55, 234. Amaravati, village in the Guntur district, 211. Amritesvarl, s.a. Varuni, 220. Amsumat-Tantra, 79, 103, 107, 114. Anamalai, village in the Madura district, _ 2lSn. Ananda-tandava, variety of Nataraja's dance, 79, 84. Ananta, s.a, Sesha, 50, 251. Anantasayin or Anantasayana, form of reclining Vishnu, 50. Andhaka, demon, devotee of Siva, 165*. Angiras, sage, father of Brihaspati (Jupi- ter), 239, 254. Aniruddha, form of standing Vishnu, 52*;. 55- Ankalamma, village deity, 220;;, 223, 224. Annapurna, goddess, 218, 220. Apasmara, demon, 79, 84, 90, 141. Appar, Saiva saint, 259. Appaya-Dikshita, Saiva philosopher, 89. Apsarasas, class of celestial nymphs, 251. Apya, goddess, 223. Aravan, son of Arjuna, 227. Archaeological Survey Report of India, quoted, 43, I43 ; of Madras, quoted, 22, loow, 125, 148*, ardhachandrasana, pedestal of Agni, Ardhajama-Ala^ar, y.rt. Aiynnar, 230*. Ardha-mandapa, vestibule in front of the central shrine of a temple, 2. Ardhanari, form of Siva, 74, 76, 120, , 165. Ardra, asterism sacred to Nataraja, 82. Arhantadeva, a Jaina saint, 265. Ariyambakkam, village in the Chingleput district, 22, Arjuna, one of the five Pandavas, 47, 141, 143, 227. Arjuna's Penance, bas-relief of rock-cut sculptures at Mahabalipuram, 143, 251. arka-pushpa, jewel decorating the jaiama- knta of Siva, 76. arrow, weapon, in the hand of Aiyanar, 230 ; of Durga, 199, 202 ; of Kalagni- Rudra, 155 ; of Kama, 62 ; - of Kiratar- juna, 143 ; of Lalita, Tripurasim- dari and Rajarajesvarl, 22 ; of Rama ​2/4
INDEX
andLakshmana, 35 ; of Sani, 239; of Skanda, 177, 1 78 ; of Sudarsana, 66 ; of Tripurantaka, 140, 267* ; of Vira- bhadra, 155, 159; of Vishnu, ijn, 55.
Aruna, charioteer of Surya, 235, 236.
Ashtabhuja-Viralakshmi, form of Lakshml, 189.
Ashta-Mahalakshmi, the eight (forms of) Lakshmi, 187.
Ashtamurtis, class of Siva-images, 77.
Ashtanga-Yoginis, group of goddesses attending on Surapriya, 212.
Ashta-Siddhis, group of goddesses recog- nized as consorts of Ganapati, 173.
Asiramma, village deity, 224.
Asoka, Maurya emperor, l68.
asoka-flower, one of the five arrows of Kama, 62.
ass, vehicle of Kalaratrl, 21 1 ; of Nairrita, 243 ; of Sualadevi, 213.
asuras, s. a. danavas, 50, 211, 229, 230.
Asvins, the twin physicians of the gods, 259-
atibhanga, great bend of body in images, 266.
Ati-Pingala, attendant of Surya, 236.
Atiranachanda-Pallavesvara, rock-cut tem- ple at Saluvankuppam, 107.
Atreya, sage (,?), 259/2.
Atri, sage, II, 239, 254.
Atyantakama-Pallavesvara, surname of Dharmaraja-ratha, 107.
avadaiyar, Tamil name for the pedestal of a Siva-linga, 73.
AvantI, country, 70, 239.
avatar, an incarnation (especially of Vishnu), 22, 26, 30, 32, 35, 37, 47, 50, 64.
Avesta, scripture of the Parsees, 236;;.
Avyanga, name of the thread seen round the waist of Surya-images, 2^6n.
Ayodhya (Oudh), city, 35.
axe or hatchet (flarasuj, weapon, in the hand of f aiva images, 77, 93, 97;?, 103, no, iia, 120, 125, 137, 140, 141, 143, 147,148, 162, 173, 178; of Sudarsana, 66.
B
Baclami, Chalukyan rock-cut temple at, 24. Badarikasrama, the modern Badri-Narayan,
47 Bagali, village in the Bellary district, 114,
187-
Bala-Krishna, form of Krishna, 38, 41. Balapramathani, the Sakti (goddess) of
Balapramathana (Siva), 190*. Balarama (Baladeva), brother of Krishna,
considered as an incarnation of Vishnu,
37, 43- Bala-Sakti, goddess presiding over the six
chakras, 222 Bala-Tripurasundari, goddess, 218.
Balavikarani, the Sakti (goddess) of Bala-
vikarana (Siva), igow.
Bala-yantra, mystic charm connected with the worship of Bala-Sakti, 222.
Bali, demon, 30, 52.
Bana, demon, devotee of Siva, 113: variety of Siva-linga, 73;*.
Bangalore district, 217. Bangaramma, s.a. Ponnamma, 224.
banyan (vala), tree, abode of Tiruvaludai- yal, 226 : connected with Aiyanar, 230 ; - with Dakshinamuru, 90 ; with Nataraja's dance, 84 : sacred to the goddess Chamunda, 196.
Barbaras, an aboriginal tribe, 223.
Bartali (Battall), Buddhist goddess, I94.
bell (ghanta), symbol, in the hand of Durga, MahishasuramardinI and Maha- Lakshml, 199,206. 211 ; of Gajaha- murti, 125; of Nataraja (in Kalika- tandava), 84 ; of Skanda, 178.
Benares, 2i8w.
Bhadrakall, consort of Virabhadra, i$$n : form of Chamunda, 197, 213;; : village deity, 223, 224, 227.
bhadrapitha, form of pedestal, 266.
bhadrS bhadraya, etc , Mantra of the Rig- Veda, 37.
Bhagavad-Gita, ' the Divine Song,' 37, 47.
Bhagavata-Purana, 37, 47.
Bhagiratha, mythical king of the Solar race, 129, 132.
Bhairava, fierce emanation of Siva, 74, 113, 151, 155, I59, 161, 262.
Bhairavi, epithet of Mahesvari, 194 : form of Kali, 199.
Bhandasura, demon, 222.
bhangas, the (three) artistic flexions of body in images, 266.
Bharadvaja, sage, 90, 239, 254.
Bharata, brother of Rama, 37.
Bharatl, s.a. Sarasvati, 82^.
Bharatiya-Na.tyasa.stra, name of a Sanskrit work, 88.
Bharavi, Sanskrit poet, 143.
Bhargava, sage, 90.
Bhasmasura, demon, 165.
Bhatta-Bhaskarlya, work quoted in the Tattvanidhi, 241;;, 248;;.
Bhavani, village in the Coimbatore dis- trict, 165.
Bhavan!, s.a. Parvati, 196;;.
Bheda-Sakti (jealousy), consort of Kama, 62.
Bhikshandarkoyil, village in the Trichino- poly district, 76.
Bhikshatana or Bhikshatanamurti, form of Siva, 74, 76, 97, 100, 103, 234, 267, 26S;?.
bhindivala, weapon, in the hand of Nandi, 162.
Bhoga-Sakti, goddess, connected with Somaskanda, no ; Parvati standing on the left side of Siva or the Siva-linga, ​INDEX
275
Bhoga-Vira, the standing form of Vira- bhadra, 159.
Bhojakata, country, 239.
Bhrigu, sage, 90, 239, 254.
Bhringi, Bhringiriti or Bhringisa, devotee and attendant of Siva, 113, I2O, 161, 165 : name of the Dvarapala at the southern entrance into Siva temples,
254". bhringipada, ornament seen on the right
leg of Saiva images, 100, 268/2. Bhu (Earth), consort of Vishnu, 22, 189. Bhujangalalita, variety of Nataraja's dance,
84.
Bhujangatrasita, do. t Saw. bhuta, a demon, 148, 230, 251. Bhutamata, goddess, 216. Bhuvaraha, s.a Varaha, 22. Blja-Ganapati, form of Ganapati, 176. bijapura, fruit, symbol in the hand of
Maha-Ganapati, 173. bill-hook, symbol in the hand of Karup-
pannasami, 230. bilva, fruit, symbol in the hand of Gaja-
Lakshmi, 187. Binayakia, Japanese name for Vinayaka,
i68w. bindu (dot), connected with mystic charms
called yantras and chakras, 222. boar, crest of the Western Chalukya,
Kakatiya, Reddi and Vijayanagara kings,
24. Boar or Man-Boar (Varaha), incarnation of
Vishnu, 22, 24, 93. bones, garland of, found on Saiva images,
125, 212. book, symbol, in the hand of the Asvins,
2?9 ; of Bala-Sakti, 222; of"
Brahma, 107 ; of Brihaspati, 239; of
Dakshinamurti, 90, 93 ; of Hayagrlva,
55 ; of Madhvacharya, 259 ; of rishi-
images, 254 ; of Sankaracharya, 259 ;
of Sarasvati, 185 ; of Sukra, 239. boon-giving pose of hand in images, 52;*,
77, 100, 129*, 162, 168, 173, 187, 218, See varada. bow, weapon, in the hand of Aiyanar, 230 ;
of Chamunda, 194, 206 ; of Durga, Mahishasuramardini and Maha-Lakshmi, 199, 206 ; of Indra, 241 ; of Kalagni- Rudra, 155 ; of Kama, 62 ; of Kiratarjuna, 143 ; of Rama and Lakshmana, 35 ; of Sani, 239 ; of Skanda, 177, 178 ; of Sudarsana, 66 ; of Tripurantaka, 140 ; of Virabhadra, I55 J 59; of Vishnu, 17;;, 30, 55.
Brahma, god, the Creator, 10, ir, 24, 32, 50, 52, 73, 74, 82, 93, 97, TOO, 103, 113, 141, 184, 185, 194, 197, 218;;, 224;;, 236, 251.
brahmacharin, an unmarried student of the Vedas, 30, 173, 177.
Brahmacharinl, form of Durga, 202.
Brahma-kapalam, place of pilgrimage on the Himalayas, 100,
Brahman, the all-pervading Eternal Spirit,
io, 30. 70, 74- Brahmana, caste, 7, 38, 41, 55, 70, 71, too,
168, 197, 2I3, 226, 229, 236, 239, 241. Brahmavaivarta-Purana, io, i68. Brahmi or Brahmani, one of the Sapta-
matrikas, 190, 194, 196. Brahmiya-Silpa, work on Arts, 22, 38;*,
47, 5 2 *. breast-band, found on images of Durga,
199, 206; of Pratyangira, 2I3M. Brihadlsvara, temple, at Tanjore, 77, 88w,
155, 176, 268.
Brihaspati (Jupiter), planet, 239. Brindavana (Brindaban), village, 37, 38,
41. 43, 47-
broom, symbol of Sitala, 213. Buddha, saint, 73 : incarnation of Vishnu,
22, 47 ; called Muni, 234. Buddhism, 73, 184. Buddhist, 2, 77*, i68, 185, i94, 2I3,
2l8, 22OW, 248.
Budha (Mercury), planet, 239.
buffalo, demon, 197, 199, 202, 206, 211 : sacrifice, 226: vehicle of Kala (Yama), 137, 243 ; - of Varahl, 194.
bull, guardian deity at the western entrance of Siva temples, 254 : vehicle and banner of Siva, 76;*, 90, 97, no, 113, 114, 120, 125, 132, 141, 162,267: - vehicle of Chandesa in the Kali-yuga, 161 ; of Mahesvari, 194; of Saila- putrl, 202 ; of Savitri, 2l8w.
cane, symbol in the hand of Nandi, i62. Castes and Tribes (Thurston), qttoled,
226.
caverns and rock-cut beds, 2w.
Ceylon, island, 64, II4, 223^, 229, 254^,
chain, symbol of Karuppannasami, 230.
chaitya, a temple, 2.
chakra {disc q.v ), symbol of Vishnu, 26,
38w, 52, 55, 70.
Chakrapani, temple, at Kumbakonam, 70. Chakra-Perumal, s.a. Sudarsana, 66. chakra-puja, ceremony observed in
temples of village deities, 226. chakras, mystic diagrams connected with
Sakti worship, 185, 220, 222. Chakra-tirtha, tank, source of the river
GandakI, 70. Chakravartins, group of demi-gods of Jaina
mythology, 265.
Chalukya, Western, dynasty, 24. Chalukyan Architecture (Rea), quoted,
52W.
Chamunda (Chandi), one of the Sapta- matrikas, 190, 194, 196 : epithet of Mahishasuramardini, 194*, 196, 197, 202, 206.
Chanda, name of Chandesa in the Treta- yuga, 161 ; of a Dvarapala image, 251 ; ​ of the guardian deity in shrines of Jina, 265. Chandakhanda, form of Durga, 202. Chanda-Munda, demon, ig/w, 222. Chandesa, devotee and attendant of Siva, 143, 147. 159, 161, 162. Chandesanugraha or Chandesanugraha- murti, form of Siva, j6n, 143, 147, 162. Chandesvara, s.a. Chandesanugraha, 76;;. Chandesvaraprasadadeva, do., 147. Chandi, s.a. Chandesa, 254;;. Chandi or Chandika, s.a. Mahishasura- marclinl, 190/7, 196, 202, 206, 224. Chandikalpa, work quoted in the Tattva- nidhi, I97#, 206. Chandimau, village, 143/7. Chandragiri, village in the Chittoor district, 35*, 137. Chandrasekhara or Chandrasekharamurti, form of Siva, j6, 93, 114, 148. Charchara, form of Kali, 199. Chaturmukha or Chaumukhl, fcrm of Jaina images, 77;;. Chaturvarga-Chintamani, name of a Sanskrit work, 24. chatushshashtikala, the sixty-four sciences, 187. Chauclamma, village deity, 224. chaurl (charn ara), a fly-whisk, 3, n, 52*, 194, l}9, 211, 248, 251, 265. Chaushashti-Yoginfs, group of goddesses, Chera, country, 2. Cheuhakarl, title ofMahendravarman I. ,2, Chhaya, consort of Surya, 236. Chidambaram, village in the South Arcot district, 11, 55, 74, 82, 84;*, 9377, 107, 125, 141, 143, 147, 178, 236, 243, 248 : its history, 88 : the Nataraja temple at, 230*. Chingleput district, Jaina temples in, 262. chinmudra, pose of fingers, 259, 267. Chiranjivins, the nine, 262. Chitragupta, attendant of Varna, 243. Chitrini, consort of Kubera, 248*. Chola, dynasty, 2, 77, 88, 89, 93, 107, 114*, 176, 216, 224, 254, 268. club, symbol, 35 : in the hand of Budha, 239 ; of Dvarapala images, 251 ; of Garuda, 6^N ; of Kala (Yama), 137, 243; of Karuppannasami, 230; of Ketu, 241 ; of Kollapura-Mahalakshml and Ashtabhuja-Vlralakshml, 189 ; of Kuja (Mars), 239; - of Maha-Ganapati, 173 ; of Moon, 239 ; of SarasvatI, 2l8 ; of Siva, 7777 ; of Skanda, 178; ofSudarsana, 66; of Vira- bhadra, 155 ; of Vishnu, 17, 26, 30 ; of Vishvaksena, 64. See gada. cock banner of Skanda, 2lS>/. See fatjc- kuta. conch, symbol, 3, 35 ; in the hand of Durga (Ka.tya.yani), Chamunda,, Mahi- shasuramardini and Maha-Lakshmi, 196, 199, 202, 206, 211 ; of Gaja-Lakshmi, 187 ; of Garuda, 64;; ; of Govinda- Bhairava and of Samhara-Bhairava, 151 ; of Indra,24l ; of Kama, 62 ; of Kapila, 254 ; of Lalita, Tripura- sundari and Rajarajesvari, 220 ; of Maha-Ganapati, 173 ; of Sarasvati, 2i8; of Skanda, 178 ; ofSudarsana, 66 ; of Surya, 35, 236 ; of Trikanta- kidevi, 213 ; of Varuna, 243 ; of Vishnu, 17, 22, 26, 30, 43, 107, 113, 125, 267 ; of Vishvaksena, 62 : mark made of sandal or yopichauJana, 259. See sankha. Conjeeveram, village in the Chingleput district, 2, 22, ^9, i62, 222. corpse, vehicle, of Chamunda, 194 ; of Mahakali, 197 : carried by Ugra-Tara on her head, 213. crescent, ornament on the head of Siva, 76, 77, 82, 103, 114; of Ganapati, 173 ; of Sakti goddesses, 185, 194, 202. crocodile, vehicle of Gangamma ! % Ganga), 224/1, 248 ; of Varuna, 243. crow, banner of Jyeshtha, 216, 2l8 : vehicle of Tvarita, 2I2. cup, symbol, in the hand of Govinda- Bhairava and Kala-Bhairava, 151 ; of Kollapura-Mahalakshmi, 189 ; of Mahakala, 155 ; of Mahakali, 197 ; of Lalita, Tripurasundarl and Raja- rajesvari, 220. See pot and vessel. D dahini, attribute of Kama's arrow, 62. Daksha, sage, 89, 155, 159, 267. Dakshinagni, one of the (three) sacrificial fires, represented by the goddess Savitri, 220. Dakshinamurti, form of Siva, 74, 76;?, 89, 90, 93, 147, 234, 268. danavas, demons, 30, 140. Dandanatha-Varahi, form of Varahi, I94. Danda-Pingala, attendant of Surya, 236. Darukavana, forest, scene of Siva's sport as Bhikshatana, 79;;, loo. Dasara, festival, 187. Dasaratha, king of Ayodhya and father of Rama, 35. Dasra, one of the Asvins, 259;;. Dattatreya, god, n. Death, the god of, s.a. Kala, 132, 137, 148, 151. deer (antelope, black-buck), symbol, in the hand of Saiva images, 77, 8g/i, go, 93, 97, 103, no, 114, 129, 132, 137;;, 140, 141, 143, 147, 159, 162, 267 : vehicle of Vayu, 248 : accompaniment of Bhikshatana, TOO ; of Kankala, 103 ; of Nataraja, 82. Devabhavi, epithet of Surapriya, 212. DevakI, mother of Krishna, 41, 196. Devi. ram, collection of Saiva Tamil hymns, 72, 89, 262. ​INDEX
2/7
devas, demi-gods, 24, 79, 82, 132, 140,
229 ; of Jaina mythology, 265. Devayana (Devasena), consort of Skanda,
178.
devil-dances, 234. dhakka (kettle-drum g.v.), symbol in the
hand of Siva, 76, 77, 267. Dhanvantari, sage, the presiding deity of
Indian Medical Science, 254, 259. Dharanlvaraha, s.a. Varana, 22. Dharasuram, village in the Tanjore district.
120, 125, 129, 254, 262W.
Dharma, form of Brahma, n Dharma, chaurl-bearer of Yama, 243.
Dharmaraja-raMrt, monolithic monument at Mahabalipuiam, 107.
Dharmaraja, one of the five Pandavas, 227.
Dharma vyakhyanamurti, epithet of Dak- shin amurti, 89.
Dhenu-Vagisvari, form of Vagisvari, 185.
Dhumravatl or Dhumra-Kall, goddess, 213.
DhumrSrna, consort of Yama, 243.
dhvajastambha, the flag-staff of a temple, 3.
Digambara, sect of Jainas, 262, 265.
Dikpalakas, the eight lords of the quarters, 241 : demi-gods of Jaina mythology, 265.
Dlpavali-Amavasya, festival, 32.
disc or discus, symbol, 3, 35 ; in the hand of Durga (Katayyan!), Chamunda, Mahishasuramardini and M aha- Lakshmi, 194,196, 199, 202, 206, 211 ; of Garuda, 64;;; of Govinda-Bhairava and of Sam- hara-Bhairava, 151 ; of Indra, 241; of Kapila, 254 ; of Maha-Ganapati, J 73 5 f SarasvatI, 2i8 ; of Skanda, 177, 178 ; of Sudarsana, 66; of Surya, 236 ; of Trikantakfdevi, 213 ; of Vishnu, 17, 22, 24, 26, 30, 43, 64, 107, 113; of Vishvaksena, 64: mark made of sandal or goptchandand, 259. See chakra.
clog, vehicle of Bhairava, 151.
Draupadi, queen of the Pandavas, 227 : temple at Kumbakonam, 227.
dukula, muslin, 120.
Durga or Durga- Lakshmi, goddess, 74, 148,
220, 223, 224, 229: - energy of Siva in his fighting mood, 19672: her images represented naked, 202, 211.
Durgamma, village deity, s.a, Durga, 224.
Durga-Paramesvarl, do., 224.
Durgi, village in the Guntur district, 151,
1.55
Dvapara-yuga, name of the third Hindu
aeon, 161. Dvaraka (Dwarka), legendary capital of
Krishna, 37, 47, 70. Dvarapala, the guardian deity of a temple,
251, 254. Dvarapalika, female guardian deity in
temples of goddesses, 254. Dwarf (Vamana), incarnation of Vishnu,
3' 3 2 -
'9
ear of paddy, symbol in the hand of Maha-Ganapati, 173.
Earth, goddess, s.a. Bhu, 22, 24, 32, 55, 187 : used by Tripurantaka as his chariot, 140 ; mother of Mars, 239.
Ekadasa-Rudras, class of Siva images, 77,
_ 97-
Ekamresvara, temple, at Conje<:veram, Sgw,
_ 162;;.
Ekapadamurti or Ekapada-Trimurti, form
of Siva, 97. Elements of Hindu Iconography (Gopi-
natha Rao), quoted, 2i8w. elephant, demon, 125: vehicle of Aiyanar,
230 ; of Maha-Gauri, 202 ; of
Mahen'dri, 194; of Prachanda, l6r ;
of Visvakarma, n : its hide, worn
by Saiva images, 151, 197 : its tusk,
symbol in the hand of Gajahamurti, 125 ;
of Ganesa 168 (Maha-Ganapati), 173. Elephanta, caves at, 107. Ella, Greek goddess, 223^. Ellamma, village deity, 223, 224. Elura Cave Temples (Burgess), quoted,
8211, 132, I37, I59, igoft, 194^, 2o6w. Epigraphical Report (Madras), quoted,
z6u, $2ti, $2ti, 88w, r6iw, 235, 25111. Epigraphia Indica, quoted, 73, 77. epilepsy, personified as Apasmara, 79.
fan, symbol, in the hand of Agni, 243 ; of Vayu, 248.
Fire (Agni q.v.}, one of the three eyes of Siva, 76.
fire-walking, ceremony observed in tem- ples of village deities, 226, 229.
Fish, incarnation of Vishnu, 22.
flag, symbol, in the hand of Vayu, 248, 267.
flesh, symbol, in the hand of Varuni, 220.
flower, garland, connected with the story of Chandesanugrahamurti and with Svayamvara, 107, 147 : symbol, in the hand of Chandesa, 162 : arrow held by Vajraprastarini, 2i?/t.
fruit (of pomegranate), symbol, in the hand of Sri and Prithvl, 187; of Lalita, Tripurasundarl and Rajarajesvari, 220 : (of wood-apple), symbol, in the hand of Skanda, no; of Ganesa, 168.
Q
gada (club q.v.~), symbol, in the hando
Vishnu, 52, 55. Gajahamurti, form of Siva, 125. gajahasta, pose of hand, 79, 84, 88, 267. (iaja-Lakshmi, form of Lakshmi, 187. ​2/8
INDEX
Gajendramoksha, (story of Vishnu) rescu- ing the elephant , 55.
Ganapati or Ganesa, god, son of Siva, 62, 70, 74, S2, 113, 165, 168, 173, 176, 267^.
Ganapatya, sect of Brahmanas, 168, 176*.
ganas, group of demi-gods attending on iiva, 155, 161, 162, 165, i68, I73, 176, 183, 211.
Gandabherunda, (fabulous) bird-vehicle used in processions of images, 7.
Gandaki, river, 70.
Gandharvas, class of demi-gods, 251.
Gandlva, the bow of Arjuna, 141.
Ganga or Ganga-Bhattaraki, goddess, s.a. Ganges, 76, 82, 125, 129, 132, 224: - the chaurl-bearer of Varuna, 248.
Gangadhara, form of Siva, 74, 129, 132, 143*.
Gangaikondasolapuram, village in the Trichinopoly district, 132, 143, 168*.
Gangamma, village deity, s.a. Ganga, 224.
Gangavisarjana or Gangavisarjanamurti, form of Siva, 129.
Ganges, river, 70, 76, 82, 129, 224.
garbha-griha, the central shrine of a temple, 2.
Garhapatya, one of the (three) sacrificial fires, represented by the goddess Gayatri, 220.
Garuda, bird, vehicle of Vishnu, 2, 3, 32, 52, 55, 64, 97, 125, 162;;, 251; of Govinda-Bhairava, 151 ; - of Vaishnavi, 194 ; of Sarasvati, 218;;.
Garuda-chayana, Vedic sacrifice, 64/1.
Garuda-Narayana, form of Vishnu, 55.
Gaudapada, the teacher's teacher of San- karacharya, 259.
Gaulisvara, shrine in the Tiruvottiyur temple, 259.
Gaurl, s.a. Parvati, 82;*, 84, 88, 113, 114, 129, 132, 141, 190, 206/1.
Gauri-tandava, variety of Nataraja's dance, 84.
Gautama, sage, 241, 254.
Gayatri, goddess,73, 97;;, 241: presiding deity of morning prayers, 218.
Gitabhavi, epithet of Surapriya, 212.
goad or hook (ankusa), symbol, in the hand of Aghoramurti, 148 ; of Anna- puma, 218; of Bala-Sakti, 222 ; of Chamunda, 194 ; of Chandesa in Dvapara-yuga, l6l; of Durga, 19?"; of Ganapati, 168, 173 (Ileramba-Gana- pati) ; of Indra, 241 ; of Lakshmi, 189 ; of Lalita, Tripurasundarl and Rajarajesvari, 220 ; of Pidari, 224;;, of Sarasvalf, 185; of Sudarsana, 66 ; of Virabhadra, 159.
Gontyalamma, village deity, 224.
Gopala, s.a. Krishna, 4v/, 266.
gofichandana, a kind of yellow earth used in making caste marks, 259
Gopls, the cowherd women of Brindavana, 38/7, 41, 41, 47-
Gopivastiapaharaka, form of Krishna, 47.
gopura, the entrance gate of a temple with a tower, 84;;, 88, 93;*, 147, 251.
Govardhana, hill (near Brindavana), 43.
Govinda-Bhairava, form of bhairava, 151.
grama-devata, a village deity, 223.
Gulikan, demon, attendant of Aiyanar, 230
gunja-seeds, garland of, worn by Tvarita, 212.
Gupta, dynasty, 143;;.
Guruparamparaprabhava, name of a San skrit work, 262.
H
Haladhara, epithet of Balarama, 37^. Hampi, village in the Bellary district, 35^,
38;;. Hanuman, devotee and servant of Kama,
35. 37, 64, 66.
Harabhadra, name of a Dvarapala, 251. Hari, s.a. Vishnu, 82. Haridra-Ganapati, form of Ganapati, I76w. Harihara, form of Siva, 76;^, 125. Hariharaputra, epithet of Aiyanar, 229,
230.
Hari-parvata, hill, 70. Harivamsa, supplement to the Maha-
bharata, 223.
Hayagriva, form of Vishnu, 55. Hazara-Ramasvaniin, temple, at Hampi,
35"-
heads (human), garland of, worn by Maha- Kali, 197 ; by Tripura-Bhaiiavi, 212 ;
symbol, in the hand of Kalaratri, 212 ;
offered to propitiate Virabhadra, l6iw. lemadri, author, II, 24, 26, 32, 43;;, 52,
55, 76", 77, 113, 151, 162, i77, igon,
194, 197, 206;;, 236, 239, 241, 243, 248. Heramba-Ganapati, form of Ganapati, 173,
176. heroes (vtrulu), worshipped as village
deities, 230 : their temples in the
Palnad taluk, 234. Himalaya, mountain, 66, 90, 100. Himavat, s.a. Himalaya, 90, 107. Hindu Mythology (Wilkins), quoted, 251. Hiranyagarbha, variety of Saligrama, 70. Hiranyakasipu, demon, 24, 26, 30. Hiranyaksha, do., 24. Hiranyavarman, surname of Simhavar-
inan, 88. horse, vehicle, of Aiyanar, 230; of
Kubera, 248 ; of Svapna-Varahl,
I94 : (seten), yoked to the chariot of
Suiya, 236 : (ten), to the chariot of the
Moon, 239 : - forming the body of the
Asvins, 259;;.
Hosur-amma, village deity, 223. human sacrifice, 227;^. hundred-pillared hall, in the Varadaraja-
svamin temple at Conjeeveram, 43. Huskur-amma, village deity, 223. Huvinahadagalli, village in the Bellary
district, 55. ​INDEX
279
1
Jdeals of Jndian Art (Havell), qiioted,
73". 79. 9"i : 43". lS 9. 59- Indian Antiquary, quoted, 24, 2l8, 234,
265. Indra, chief of gods and regent of the
east, 30, 43, 64^, 113, 194, 241. Indra-Lakshml, s.a. Samanya-Lakshmi,
187.
Indrani, s.a. Mahendrl, 194, 196. Indras, group of demi-gods of Jaina
mythology, 265.
Jaimini, sage, 241.
Jaina, 2-, 77;;, 218*, 265 : images
(represented naked), 262. Jainism, 184.
Jalasayana, form of reclining Vishnu, 52. Jarnadagni, sage, 90, 254. Jambavat, demi-god, 32*. Jambukesvaram, suburb of Srirangam,
173-
Janardana, s.a. Vishnu, 73*. Jangams, priestly class of the Lingayata
sect, 268. japa-flowers, used as ear-ornaments by the
goddess Kalaratri, 211. Japanese, i68w. jasmine-flower, one of the five arrows of
Kama, 62. jatas, locks of matted hair, 79, S2, 103*,
268. jatabandha, arrangement of matted hair,
268.
jata-bhara, do. 268.
jata-makuta, matted hair arranged in the
fashion of a crown, n, 76, 77, 79, 90,
103, no, 114, 137, 141, 161, 162, 185,
190, 197, 268. jata-mandala, arrangement of matted hair,
ic>3, 161, 162, 268. jatras, annual festivals held in honour of
local deities, 227. javelin, weapon, in the hand of Nairrita,
243-
Jaya, attendant of Skanda, 178; of Vish- nu, 50 : name of a Dvarapala, 251. Jayadeva, Sanskrit poet, 50. Jina, god, 47/7, 265. jnanabhavi, epithet of Surapriya, 212. jnanamudra, pose of fingers, 55, 90, 93,
267.
Jnanamurti, form of Dakshinamurti, 90. Journal of Indian Art and Industry,
quoted, 141, 24 lit. Jumna, river, 41, 47. Jvala-Nrisimha, form of Narasimha, 70. Jvaradeva, form of Siva, 165. Jyeshtha, the Sakti (goddess) of [yeshtha
(Siva), 190;. Jyeshtha or Jyeshtha-Lakshail, goddess,
216, 218, 224, 268 : her temple at Kuk-
kanur, 218.
I9-A
K
Kachchhapesvara, temple, at Conjeeveram,
22.
Kadalmallai, s.a, Mahal alipuram, 72^. Kadru, mother of serpents, 64;;. Kailasa, mountain, 82 w, 90. Kailasaiiatha, temple, at Conjeeveram, 2,
107. .
Kailabha, demon, 52, 197^. Kakatiya, dynasty, 24. Kala, s.a. Yama, 137 : servant of Varna,
243-
Kalabhadra, form of Chamunda, 197.
Kala-Bhairava, form of Bhairava, 151.
Kalagni-Rudra, form of Siva, 155.
Kalaha, s.a. Kalahara, 132, 243.
Kalahara or Kalaharamurti, form of Siva, 132, 137, 243.
Kalakuta, poison, produced at the churn- ing of the ocean, 76, 137.
Kalamukha, sect of Saivas, 161.
Kalamunda, s.a. Kala, 151.
Kalanasa, s.a. Kalahara, 76^.
Kala-Pidari, f.a. Kali, 224.
Kalaratri, form of Durga, 202, 211.
KalavikaranI, the Sakti (goddess) of Kala- vikarana (Siva), igon.
Kali, goddess, consort of Mahakala, 151: energy of Siva in his angry mood, 196/1: form of Chamunda.,197, 199; of Dvirga, I97, 211 ;- of Parvati, 82, 184, 224 : the Sakti (goddess) of Kala- (Siva), igow.
Kalidasa, Sanskrit poet, 177.
Kalika, consort of Nairrita, I97, 243.
Kalika-Purana, liw, 243.
Kalika-tandava, variety of Nataraja's dance, 84.
Kalinga, country, 236.
Kalingamardana, s.a. Kaliya- Krishna, 41.
Kaliya, serpent, 38, 41.
Kaliya-Krishna, form of Krishna, 38, 4!
Kaliyamma, s.a. Kali, 223, 224.
Kali-yu^a, name of the fourth Hindu aeon, 161.
Kalki, incarnation of Vishnu, 22, 47.
Kallar, class of people in the Madura district, 230.
kalpa-vriksha fcr-druma). the wish-giving celestial tree, 37 : - used as vehicle in processions, 7 :- found on pedestals of images as aureola, 76, I73//, 265:-- sacred to the goddess Indrani, 196 : - bunch of its flowers, symbol of Sachi, 241.
Kalyana or Kalyanapura, village in the Nizam's Dominions, 254.
Kalyanasundara, form of Siva, 74, 103 , 107.
Kama or Kamadeva, god of Love, 62, 89.
Kamadhenn, the ish-givingcelestialcow, used as vehicle in processions, 7.
Kamakshi-amman, temple, at Conjee* vcram, 222, ​280
INDEX
Kamari or Kamadahanamurti, form of
Siva, 76;*, 8gw.
Kamsa, uncle of Krishna, 196. Kanarese districts, low, 159, 177, 224;;. Kanchi, s. a. Conjeeveram, 30, 107. kankala, a skeleton, symbol of Kankala-
murti, 103. Ivinkala or Kankalamurti, form of Siva,
103, 268w. Kannagi, heroine of the Tamil poem
Silappadigaram, 229. Kanniyamar (virgins), the seven, s.a.
Saptamatrikas, 223, 229. kanyaka (unmarried girl) form, of Gaurl,
190. Kanyaka-Paramesvari, tutelary deity of the
Vaisya caste, 229. kapala (skull q.u.), symbol, in the hand of
Saiva images, 100, 267. Kapalamochanatirtha, tank, ioo. Kapalika, sect of Saivas, 161. Kapila, sage, 254. karagam -carry ing, ceremony observed in
temples of village deities, 227. Karaikkal-ammai, female Saiva saint,
262.
Karalabhaclra, s.a. Kalabhadra, 197. Karall, s.a. Bhadrakall, 197. Karanagama or Saiva-Karanagama, work quoted in the Tattvanidhi, 76/1, &2n, 8g, 97, no, 113, 129, 137, 140, 143, 147, 148, 155;;, i97, 202. karandamakuta, form of crown, i to, 190,
251, 268. karanja, tree, sacred to the goddess
Varahi, 196. Karempudi, village in the Guntur district,
220W.
Karkal, village in the South Canara
district, 265.
Karkotaka, serpent-chief, 82;*, 251. karma, lords of, 184. Karnapravritas, class of Saiva (?) devotees,
9O.
Karttikeya, epithet of Skanda, 177, 178. Karuppan, demon, attendant of Aiyanar,
230.
Karuppannasami, village deity, 230. Kasikhanda, qttoted, I55. Kasyapa, sage, 236, 239, 254. Kasyapa-Silpa, work on Arts (chapter of
Amsumat-Tantra), 17, 79, 103, 107, H3,
114, 120, 140^, 147, 155, 161, 168, 177,
190, 199.
kataka, pose of fingers, no, 159, 267. katiga, position of hand, 267. Katterj, village deity, 224. Kattu-Edayaru, village in the South Arcot
district, 41. Katyayani, form of Durga, 202 ; of Mahi-
shasuramardinl, 2o6w. Kaumarl, one of the Saptamatrikas, 190,
194, 196. KaumodakI, the club of Vishnu, symbol
in the hand of Maha-Lakshmi, 189.
kaupina, piece of cloth, worn by Skanda,
177- Kauravas, one of the contending parties
in the war of the Mahabharata, 47. kavacha, mail armour, 236. kesabanclha, arrangement of hair, 162, 190. Kesavasvamin, temple, at Pushpagiri, 47. ketaki, Mower, 93, 97. kettle-drum, symbol, in the hand of Saiva
images, 84, 88, 90, 100, 103, 114, 125,
I37, 140;;, 148, 151 ; of Pratyangira
and SvasthavesinI, 213 : (with snake),
in the hand of Pidari, 224. See
dhakka.
Ketu (the descending node), planet, 239. khatvanga, weapon, 267. Kinnaras, class of demi-gods, 90;;, 248, 251. Kinnari, a Kinnara female, 90w, 251. Kiratarjuna or Kiratarjunamurti, form of
Siva, 140, 141, 143.
Kiratarjunadeva, s.a. Kiratarjunamurti, 143. Kiratarjunlya, Sanskrit poem, 143. Kiratas (hunters), an aboriginal tribe, 212,
.223. kirltamakuta, crown on the head of
images, 168, 190, 268. Kirti (fame), one of the Sakti goddesses
of Vishnu, 189. kite, banner of Chamunda, 194: vehicle
of Chandakhanda, 202. knife, stuck in the girdle of Kankala, 103 :
symbol, in the hand of Nandi, 162*. kodanda, a bow, 35. Kodaada-Rama, epithet of Rama, 35. Kodumbalur, village in the Pudukkottai
State, 132. Kolar, district, 227. Kollapura-Maha'akshml, form of Lakshml,
189, 224. Kollapurl-amma, s.a. Kollapura-Maha-
lakshmi, 223, 224.
Kolumamma, village deity, 223, 224. Komati, caste, 5. a. Vaisya, 229. Konark, village in the Kalinga country,
236;;. Kondavidu, village and hill fortress in the
Guntur district, 24. Kongu, country, 2. Korava, caste, 229.
Kratudhvamsin, epithet of Siva, I55- Krauncha, mountain, 177. Krishna, incarnation of Vishnu, 22, 37, 38,
41, 43, 47, 62, 120, 196: epithet of
Vishnu, 55. krishnajina, skin of a black-buck, symbol
of Vamana, 32. Krishna-mandapa, rock-cut pavilion at
Mahabalipuram, 43. Krishnaraya or Krishnadevaraya, Vijaya-
nagara king, 26, 38/1;, 88. Krishnasvamin, temple near Hampi, 38^. Krita-yuga, name of the first Hindu reon,
161.
Krittikas (Pleiades), the six, 177. Kshatriya, caste, 197, 235, 239. ​INDEX
Kshetrapala, form of Siva, 159, 161, 262^ : epithet of Vatuka-Bhairava, if>iu.
Kubera, god of wealth and regent of the north, 38, 248.
Kuduraivattam-udaiyal, village deity, mentioned in Chola inscriptions, 226.
Kuja (Mars), planet, 239.
Kukkanur, village in the Nizam's Domi- nions, 218.
kukkuta (cock q.v.}, symbol, in the hand of Skanda, 177, 178, 267.
Kuiika, serpent-chief, 251.
Kulumayamma, s.a. Kolumamma, 224.
Kumara, s.a. Skanda, 74, 8211, 177, 178, 194.
Kumarasambhava, Sanskrit poem, 177.
Kumbakonam, village in the Tanjore district, n, 32, 35^, 55, 70, 120,227,
262fl.
kunchita, position of the leg in standing
images, loo, 190, 251. kundika or kamanclalu (water-pot y.v.),
symbol of a sannyasin, 259. Kundodara, demon, 100. kunkumam, red turmeric powder, 220, 222. Kunnakudi, village in the Madura district,
178.
kurpara, elbow, 114, 162;;, 267. Kurukshetra, battle-field of the Maha-
bharata war, 227. Kurukulla, goddess, 220. Kusadvipa, island, 241. Kushmanda-Durga, form of Durga, 202. kusti, sacred thread worn round the aist
by Parsees, 236;*. kuthara, weapon, in the hand of Aghora-
murli, 148. Kuttisattan, demon, attendant of Aiyanar,
230.
Laghusyamala, goddess, 220. Lakshmana, brother of Kama, 35, 37, 64,
66. Lakshml, s.a. Sri, 17, 22, 50, 52, 107,
184, 187, 189, 202, 216. Lakshmi-Ganapati, form of Ganapati, 173. Lakshml-Narasimha, form of Narasimha,
26. Lakshmi-Narayana, form of seated Vishnu,
52-
Lalita, goddess, 220, 222. Lalitopakhyana, work quoted in the
Tattvanidhi,- 151, 194*, 216/1. lamba-patra, ornament, on the left ear of
Siva, 76. lambita, position of the leg in standing
images, 190. lamp, symbol, in the hand of Trikantaki-
devl, 213
Lanka (Ceylon ^.z/.), island, 64/1', 66, 223/1. Lepakshi, village in the Anantapur district,
1 68. lila-murti, a sportive form (of Siva), 89.
LTlasuka, Sanskrit poet, 41.
lily (blue), flower, one of the fivearrowsof Kama, 62 : symbol, in the hand of Parvati, no, 190.
lime-fruit, symbol, in the hand of Dhum- rorna, 243.
linga, s.a. Siva-linga, 70, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 93. 97, 107, 137, 141, 143, 147, 159, 165 : worn on the head by Maha- Lakshml, 189 : held in the hand by Bhutamata, 216.
Linga- Pu-rana, 93.
Lingapuranadeva, s.a. Lingodbhava, 93.
linga-worship, 73.
Lingayata, sect of Saivas, 161, 165, 268.
Lingodbhava, form of Siva, 24, 74, 76^, . 93, 97-
lion, vehicle of Budha, 239 ; of Bhuta- mata, 216; of Chamunda, 197, 206 ; of Charidesa in the Dvapara-yuga, l6i; of Chandi, 206; of Heramba- Ganapati, 173, 176 ; of Mahishasura- mardinl, 206, 211 ; of Pratyangira, 213; of Rahu, 239; of Skandamata, 202 ; of Sulini, 213 ; of Vindhya- vasinl, 220 : banner of Surya,236 : pedestal (s mhasana y.v.) 47^, 1 10, 259;;.
Little Conjeeveram, suburb of Conjee- veram, 43.
Lokamahadevi or Lokamahadeviyar, queen of Rajaraja I., 100, 262.
Lokapaia, form of Brahma, n.
lotus, the navel of Vishnu, 50^, 52 : one of the five arrows of Kama, 62 : symbol, 35 ; in the hand of Brahma, II ; - of Garuda, 64^; of Indra, 241 ;
of Jyeshtha, 216 ; -- of Kama, 62 ; of Maha-Ganapati, 173; of Moon, 239;
of Sudarsana, 66 ; of Sun, 236; of Varuna, 243; of Vishnu, 17, 52 : symbol of beauty in the hand of goddess- es, I7, 143, 173, 185, 187, ibg, 194, 202, 2 1 8, 220, 267 : seat or pedestal, ", 3. 55> 76, 79, ^9", 107, 129, I73w,
187, 189, 190, 194, 199, 212, 220, 236,
2 39, 2 43- See padr/ia.
M
mace, weapon, in the hand of Govinda-
Bhairava, 151 ; of Nairrita, 243. Madana-Gopala, form of Krishna, 43. Madhava, s.a. Krishna, 41. AJadhu, demon, 52, 197;;. Madhukara, attendant of Surapriya, 212. Madhva, sect of Brahmanas, 71. Madhvacharya, teacher of the Dvaita
school of philosophy, 259. Madras Museum, 38. Madura, country, 229, 230 : Sundaresvara
temple at, 140;?, 262 : town, 173 :
Vlrabhadra temple at, 159. Madurai-Vlran, attendant of Aiyanar, 212*,
230, 234- Magadha, country, 239. ​282
INt>EX
Magas, class of Sun-worshippers, 235. Magha, lunar month (January-February),
97-
Magi, Sun-worshippers of Persia, 235. Mahabalipuram ^Mavalivaram), village in
the Chingleput district, 2, 22, 74, 30,
32, 50, 107, 1 10, 143, 187, 189, 199,
202, 206, 251.
M aha- 8 haira va , e pith et of Kshetrapala, 1 6 1 . Mahabharata, epic, 22, 37, 47, loo//, 141,
143, 176, 227, 267;;. Maha-Chanda, name of the guardian deity
in shrines of Jina, 265. Mahadeva, s.a. Siva, 147. Maha-Ganapati, form of Ganapati, 173,
Maha-Gauri, form of Darga, 202.
Mahakailasa, form of Siva, 77.
Mahakala, form of Siva, 151 : epithet of j
Kshetrapala, i6i : Dvarapala at the
eastern entrance of Siva temples, 254*;. Mahakali, s.a. Kali, 197. Maha-Lakshmi, form of Durga, 190, 206 ;
of Lakshml, 189. Maha-mandapa, pavilion in a temple, 2,
241.
niahambuja, form of pedestal, 266. Mahambuja, serpent chief, 251. Maha-Padma, s.a. Mahambuja, 251. maha-pitha, form of pedestal, 76. Maha-Sadasiva, s.a. Mahakailasa, 77. Maha-Sarasvati, an emanation of Gauri,
206.
Maha-Sasta, s : a. Aiyanar, 229. mahavajra, form of pedestal, 266. Mahayana, form of Buddhism, 184. Mahendravarman I, Pallava king, 2. Mahendri, one of the Saptamatrikas, 190,
194.
Mahesvara, s.a. Siva, liw, 194, 236. Mahesvaras, sect of Saiva devotees, 190. Mahesvari, one of the Saptamatrikas, 190,
194-
Mahl, s.a. Prithvi, 17, 187. Mahis,hasura, the buffalo-demon, 211, 222. Mahishasura-mandapa, rock-cut pavilion at
Mahabalipuram, 50, 206. Mahishasuramardini, goddess, 194*4, 196,
197, 202, 206, 226. Mahodara, sage, loow. makara (crocodile), banner of Kama, 62. makara-kundala, ornament, on the right ear
of Siva, 76 : -- on the ears of Surya, 236. makara- torana, a crocodile-aureola, 265. Malabar, country, 2, 22, 32, 230, 234. Mallamma, village deity, 224. man, vehicle of Kubera, 248 ; of Nairrita,
243. inana-danda, measuring rod, symbol of
Visvakarma, lift. manas (worldly wisdom), personified as
Ganapati, 173. Manasa, goddess, 212. Manasara, work on Arts, 10, 17, 47//, 187,
190, 251.
mandapa, an open hall or pavilion of a
temple, 3, 22, 89^, i62, 199. Mandara, mountain, 140. mandara, one of the five celestial trees, 151. mango, flower, one of the five arrows of
Kama, 62 : fruit, symbol in the hand of
Skanda, no. Manikkavasagar (Manikyavachaka), Saiva
saint, 89, 259*, 262. Manmatha, s.a. Kama, 62. Mannadiyar, Dvarapala images in Pidari
temples, 224,1;. Mandiimani, the Sakti (goddess) ofManon-
mana (Siva igow. Mantra, portion of the Rig-Veda text,
37"-
Manus, the two, sons of Surya, 236 : the fourteen, 262.
Mara, s.a. Kama, 212/1.
maranl, attribute of Kama's arrow, 62.
Margali, solar month (December-January), 82.
margosa, tree, its leaves used in deco- rating the aragai-pot, 227 : - Naga- stones set up under it, 24.8.
Marika, s.a. SitaladevI, 224.
Mariyamma, r?0., 213, 223, 224.
Markandeya, sage, devotee of Siva, 132,
137-
Markandeya-Purana, 197. Marats, the seven (or forty-nine), 262. Matangirala (MatangI), epithet of Parvali,
224.
matha, the seat of a pontiff, 265. Matsya-Purana, 236. Maurya, dynasty, l68w. Mayamata, work on Arts, 26, 5<v/., 62, /3//,
76, 82, 84, loo/t, 103, 107, 114,
147, 194, 202, 243;;, 266. Mayurabhanja, Survey of (Nagenclra Natha
Vasu), quoted, ion, $2>i, 77, 97;;, i6iw, l84, 185, 187;;, 194^, 2i2,
, 22O/t, 223n.
Menaka, mother of Parvati, 107.
Meru, mountain, 236, 239: used as bow by Tripurantaka, 140.
Meypporul-Nayanar, Saiva saint, 262;;.
mirror, symbol of beauty in the hand of goddesses, 220, 267.
Mlechcbhas, foreigners, 47.
Mohini, female form of Vishnu, ion, 100, 230.
Moon, planet. 32, 73, 82, 239, 251 : re- presented by a crescent, 113 : - used as wheel to his chariot by Tripurantaka, 140 : one of the three eyes of Siva, 76.
Mrichchhakatika, Sanskrit drama, 178.
Mritasanjlvani, medical herb, 259/1.
Mudbidri, village in the South Canara district, 265.
Mudgala-Purana, work quoted in the Tattvanidhi, 173, 176.
Mudigondam, village in the Coimbatore district, 155. ​INDEX
283
Muhammadan converts (of the Ceded
districts), devoted to Ilanuman, 66. Mukambika, epithet of Vindhyavasini, 220. Mokhalinga, form of Siva, j6n. Mukha-mandapa, pavilion in a temple, 2. Mula-Durga, form of Durga, 199. mulam, linear measure, 82;;. Mulasthana, shrine, in the Nataraja temple
at Chidambaram, 76. Mundan, demon, attendant of Aiyanar,
Munis van, 230.
Muralidhara, s.a, Venu-Gopala, 41. Muruga, Tam;l name of Subrahmanya, 178. Musalagan, Tamil name of Apasmara, 79,
90;;, 132, 147.
Mutyalamma, village deity, 223, 224. Mysore, country, 32, 187, 206, 227.
N Nagemata (mother of serpents), goddess,
212.
Nagas (serpents), class of demi-gods, 6-jw,
227, 248, 251. Nagendras, group of demi-gods of Jaina
mythology, 265.
Nagesvara, temple, at Kumbakonam, 120. Nairrita, god, regent of the south-west,
197^, 243.
naivedyam, food offered to a god, 7. Nalayiraprabandham, collection of Vaish-
nava Tamil hymns, 72, 262. Nallur, village in the Tanjore district, 254;;. Namakkal, rock-cut temples at, 26;/, 30;;,
32, 125. namam, vernacular term for urdhva-
pundra (q.v.), 3, 259.
Nambi-Aruranar, s.a. Sundaramurti, 262;;. Nandanar, Pariah saint, 89. Nandi, Nandisa or Nandikesvara bull, 2, 3:
devotee and attendant of Siva, 82*,
84, 88, 161, 162, 165 : Dvarapalaat the
eastern entrance of Siva temples, 254;;. Nandi-mandapa, pavilion, in the Srlsailam
temple, l6i. Nangai-Paravaiyar, wife of Sundaramurti,
262*.
Nara, epithet of Arjuna, 47. Narada, sage, 38, 8271, 90, 97, n^, 254, 265. Narasa, contracted form of Narasimha,
24. Narasimha, the Man-Lion incarnation of
Vishnu, 22, 24, 26, 30, 148, 190;; :
epithet! of Vishnu, 55: variety of
Saligiama, 70.
Xarasimh, one of the Saptamatrikas,iyo// r . Narayana, s.a. Vishnu, 47,125; recog- nized in the orb of Surya, 236. Nasatya, one of the Asvins, 259^. Nataraja, the dancing form of Si r a, 74,
76*, 77, 79, 82, 84^, 88, 89, 137, 230^,
266, 267, 268.
Navagrahas, the nine Planets, 74, 235. Navanlta-Ganapati, form of Ganapati,
176;*.
navanlta-nritta, the butter-dance of
Krishna, 38n.
Nayanar, epithet of Saiva saints, 259. Negapatam, village in the Tanjore district,
173-
Nepal, Ganesa temple in, i68.
Neralamma, village deity, 224.
Niddesa, Buddhist work. 248;*.
nidhi (treasure), symbol, in the hand of Sukra, 239.
Nlladevi, goddess, consort of Vishnn, ~]n.
Nllagunda, village inBellary district, 52^.
Nilakantha, form of Siva, 137.
NirritI, epithet of Jyestha, 2i6;/.
Nirukta, commentary on the Mantra por- tion of the Rig-Veda, 37;;.
Nisunibha, demon, 222.
Nityaklinnadevatas, group of goddesses attending on Lalita, 216/1.
nocse (pas a or nagapdsa), weapon, in the hand of Aghoramurti, 148 ; of Anna- purna, 218 ; of Bala-Sakti, 222 ; of Bhairava, 151 ; of Chamunda, Durga, Mahishasuramardini and Maha-Lakshmi- 194, 206, 211 ; of Chandesa in the Dvapara-yuga, 161 ; of Gajahamlrti, 125 ; of Ganapati, 168 ; --of Kala (lama), 137, 243 ; of Kala (servant of Yama), 243 ; of Lakshmi, 189 : of Lalita, Tripurasundari and Rajarajes- vari, 220 ; of Maha-Ganapati, 173 ; of Mahakala, 151 ; of Mahendri, 194: of Nataraja, (in Kalika-tandava 84, (in Samhara-tandava), 88 ; of Parvati, 190 ; of Pratyangira, 213 ; of Saras- vatl, 185 ; of Skanda, 177, 178 ; of Sudarsana, 66 ; of SulinI, 213 ; of Vajraprastarini, 2i2n ; of Varuna, 243.
Nrisimha, s.a. Narasimha, 24, 66, 70.
Nrisimhaprasada, work quoted in the Tatt- vanidhi, 10, 202.
Nukalamma, village deity, 224.
O
Ochchans, class of Sakta priests, 226. Om, the sacred mystic syllable of the
Hindus, 220.
Onam, harvest festival in Malabar, 35. owl, vehicle of Mahakali, 197.
Padalamma, village deity, 224.
paddle of gems, symbol, in the hand of
Kurukulla, 220.
padma (lotus t/.v.), symbol of Vishnu, 55. Padma, s.a. Abja, serpent-chief, 251. I'admanabha, form of recliaing Vishnu, 50 :
epithet of Vishnu, 55. Padmanidhi (treasure), attendant of
Kubera, 248.
padma-^Ilha, the lotus pedastal, 155, 266. Padrca-Purana, 51, 189. padiiiasana, posture in silting, 259, 265,
266. ​INDEX
Padmottarakhanda, quoted, 21611. Paidamma, village deity, 224, 1'aithan, country of, 239. Palani-Andavar, name of Skanda on the
Palni Hill, ijjn.
Pallava, dynasty, i, 2, 43, 73, 88, 107. Pallis, class of Sudras, 227. Palligondan, Tamil name for the reclining
form of Vishnu, 50. Palni (Palnis), hill and village in the
Madura district, 177/1, 178. Panchadehamurti, image of Siva with
five bodies, 77. Panchamukhalinga, the Siva-linga with
five faces, 77. Panchamukha-Vinayaka, s.a. (?) Heramba-
Ganapati, 176.
Panchanadesvara,temple,at Tiruvadi, 159;;. Panchaparameshthins, group of images
worshipped by the Jainas, 265. Pancharatragama, work quoted in the
Tattvanidhi, 1711, 26, 3211, 43, 55, 151,
!55> I8 S- Panchavaktra-Bhairava, form of Bhairava,
'Si- Pandavas, one of the contending parties
in the war of the Mahabharata, 47, 227. Panduranga, form of standing Vishnu at
Pandharpur, 55. Pandurangashtaka, Sanskrit poem by San-
karacharya, 55. Pandya, country, 2/1, 229. panivattam, vernacular name for the
pedestal of a Siva-linga, 73. Paradesamma, village deity, 224. Paramesvaramangalam, village in the
Chingleput district, 190. Parantaka I, Chola king, 88. Parasurama, incarnation of Vishnu, 22. Parasuramesvara, temples of Siva called
after Parasurama, 22/2. parijata- flower, 220. Parivaralayattu-Pillaiyar, Ganapati image
mentioned in the Tanjore inscriptions,
I 7 6. parrot, vehicle of Kama, 62 : symbol of
beauty in the hand of Durga, 199, 202,
267 : (four), yoked to the chariot of
Agni, 243. Parsees, 236^.
Partha, epithet of Arjuna, 47. Parthasarathi, epithet of Krishna, 47. Parvati, consort of Siva, 74, 76, 79, 82/2, 84,
90, 103, 107, no, 113, 120, 141,143, 147,
16211, 165, 184, 190, 196, I97, 202,
21211, 224.
Pasupata, sect of Saivas, 148, 161. Pasapata, weapon, presented by Siva to
Arjuna, 141, 143.
Pasupatamurti, form of Siva, 148, 268. pataha, kind of drum, 82. Patanjali, sage (with serpent body), 82, 84;;,
88 ; author of the Mahabhashya, 178. Pattalaruma, village deity, 224. PattinI, name of Kannagi in Ceylon, 229.
Pavadairayan, general of Aiyanar, 230.
peacock, vehicle of Kaumari, 194 ; of Skanda, 177, 178 : its feathers, orna- ment on the head of Krishna.^S, 43^ ; of Nataraja, 79, 268 ; of Tvarita, 212: symbol, in the hand of Bhikshatana and Kankala, loo, 103 ; of Nataraja, 84 ; of Skanda, 177 : accompaniment of Dakshinamurti, gon.
Pechi, village deity, 224.
Peddintamma, do., 224.
Perantalamma, do. 229.
Periya-Perumal, epithet of Rajaraja 1, 262;^.
Periyapuranam, Tamil work, 147, 161, 162, 262.
Persia, 235.
Perunjingadeva, Pallava king, 88.
Perur, village in the Coimbatore district, loo, 125.
ptstle (musala), weapon, in the hand of Chamunda,l94; of Heramba-Ganapati, 173 5 of SuHarsana, 66.
phalapatta, ornament on the forehead of Parvati, 190.
phallic cult, 72.
Pichchandar, Tamil name for Bhikshatana,
100.
Pidari, Tamil name for a village goddess, 196, 211, 216, 224, 226.
piercing (with metallic wire), ceremony observed in temples of village deities, 226.
Pillaiyar, Tamil name for Ganapati, 176.
pipal, tree, 47;* : abode of Bhutamata, 216 ; of jyeshtha, 21611 -.sacred to the goddess Vaishnavi, 196: Naga stones set up under it, 248 : its marriage with i/iargosa, 248.
Pisachas(devils), class of goblins, 148, 230.
pithapadma, form of pedestal, 266.
pithas, pedestals, 266 : mystic geometri- cal figures connected with Sakti worship, 185, 220.
Pitridrohin, epithet of Chandesa, 162.
Planets, the nine, 70, 235, 236, 239, 241, 26611.
plough, symbol, in the hand of Balarama, yjn ; of Skanda, 177, 178 ; of Sudar- sana, 66. _
Poduvagai-Urudaiyal, village deity, men- tioned in Chola inscriptions, 226.
Poieramma, village deity, s.a. Sltala, 224.
Ponnamma, village deity, 223, 224.
pot, of fire, symbol, in the hand of Nata- raja, 77,84, 88; of Dakshinamurti, 90: of flesh, in the hand of Sivaduti, 216 ; of gems, in the hand of Saubhagyabhuvanes- vari, 218 : - of ghee, in the hand of Agni, 243; of Brahma, li: of nectar, in the hand of Dhanvantari, 259 ; of Gaja- Lakshml, 187; of Garuda, 64*1 : of rubies, in the hand of Maha-Gana- pati, 173: of treasures, seen below ​INDEX
28 5
the feet of Prithvi, 187 : of wine, in the hand of Kushmanda-Durga, 202 ; of Surapriya, 212. See cup and vessel. prabha or prabha-mandala, arch of light,
79. 155- Prachanda, name of Chandesa in Krita-
yuga, 161 ; of a Dvarapala image, 251. Pradeshamurti, s.a. Chandrasekhara, 114. Pradyumna, epithet of Kamadeva, 62 :
form of standing Vishnu, 52;;, 55, 62 : variety of Saligrama, 70. Prahlada, demon, devotee of Vishnu, 26. Prajapati or Prajapati-Brahma, form of
Brahma, II. Prajapatis, the nine, 262. prakara, the wall surrounding a temple, 3,
35. i85-
prana, vital breath, 213. pranapratishtha, ceremony of infusing
prana into an image, 2I3//. Pranasakti, goddess, 212, 2i3//. Pratyangira. do. 213. Prayogaratna, work quoted in the Tattva-
nidhi, 236^, 266/1-. Prayogasara, name of a work, 161. preta, a ghost, 148. Prithvi, s.a. Bhu, 17, 52, 187. Priti (pleasure), consort of Kama, 62 :
one of the Sakti goddesses of Vishnu,
189. prokshani (sprinkler), symbol, in the hand
of Agni, 243. protecting pose of hand in images, 17, 52^,
120, 173, 187, 218, 241. See abhaya. Pudding, symbol, in the hand of Ganapati,
168, 173.
Pudgaiai, wife of Aiyanar, 212/1, 230. puja, worship, 226, 229. Pulindas, an aboriginal tribe, 223. Puilagunta, village in the Guntur district,
224^. Pung (i.e., Punganur)-amma, village deity,
223. punnai-tree, processional vehicle used in
Vishnu temples, 47 : grove of, 226. Punnaitturainangai, village deity, mentioned
in Chola inscriptions, 226. Puranai, wife of Aiyanar, 212, 230^. Puranas, the eighteen, 7, 79, 177, 196, 224,
254, 262.
Puranic, n, 55, 129, 132, 137, 140. Purari, s.a. Tripurantaka, 76*. Puri-Jagannath, temple at, 37/2. purnapatra (vessel full of water), symbol of
Agni, 243.
Purnasva, female deity attending on Sura- priya, 212.
Pushkala, do. 212.
Pushpagiri, village in the Cuddapah
district, 47, 143.
Pushpaka, the serial car of Kubera, 37. Pushti (strength), one of the Sakti god- desses of Vishnu, 189.
quadrangle (i.e., quadrangular fire-pit), the residence of Agni, 243.
R
Radha, cowherd girl of Brindavana, a
favourite of Krishna, 41. Radha-Krishna, form of Krishna, 41. Rahu (the ascending node), planet, 239. Raichur, Siva temple at, 77;*. Rajadhiraja L, Chola king, 254. Rajamatangi, goddess, 220. Rajaraja I.., Chola king, 77, 88w, roo, 11411,
147, 165, 176, 226, 229, 262^, 268. Rajarajesvara, s.a. Brihadisvara, 77, 88. Rajarajesvari, goddess, 22O. rajas or raj asic form, of Viraphadra, 159;
of Kshetrapala, 159. Rajnl, consort of Surya, 236. rajopachara, form of ritual, 3. Rakshasas, class of demi-gods, 243, 251 :
subdued by Rama, 37. Rakshoghnamurti, form of Siva, 148. Rakta-Jyeshtha, form of Jyeshtha, 216. ram, vehicle, of Mars, 239 : of Agni, 243. Rama, incarnation of Vishnu, 22, 35, 37//,
64, 266/1 : king of Ayodhya, 35, 37,
66 : - the axe-bearer (Parasurama), 22/1. Ramachandra or Ramabhadra, s.a. Rama,
35- Ramanujacharya, teacher of the Visishtad-
vaita school of philosophy, 259. Ramasvamin, temple, at Kumbakonam, 32,
35", 55-
kamayana, epic, 22, 35, 37,9O, 129, 224^. Ramesvaram, island, 35, 64;^, 230, 251. ranga, an assembly-hall, $011. Ranganatha, form of reclining Vishnu, 50. rat, vehicle of Ganapati, 168, 173. rathas, monolithic monuments at Maha-
balipuram, 2.
Rati (love), consort of Kama, 62. Ratnasabhapati, the pebble Siva-/z//^a
worshipped in the temple of Nataraja at
Chidambaram, 76. Raudrl, theSakti-(goddess) of Rudra (Siva),
I go//, ravi-mandala, aureola behind the images
of Nataraja, 79/2. Reddi, dynasty, 24. Revanta, son of Surya, 236. Riddhi, consort of Kubera, 248. Rik or Rig-Veda, 37;*, 97, 220. Rishabhavahana, s.a. Vrishavahana, 113. rishi, a sage, 52, 79, 90;/, 100/1, 132,
254.
rock-cut temples, 2//, 3O//.
rosary (altsliai/iala), symbol, in the hand, of Aghoramurti, 148 ; of Bala-Sakti, 222; of Brahma, 10, n, 103, 113; of Brahmacharini,2O2 ; of Brihaspati, 239; ofBhringi, 16511; of Daksliina- murti, 90, 93; of Ganapati, 168, ​(Hēramba-Ganapati) 173;—of Gangādhara, 132;—of Hayagriva, 55;—of Lakshmī, 189;—of Pārvatī, 190;—of Pāsupatamūrti, 148;—of rishi-images, 254;—of Sarasvatī, 185;—of Skanda, 177;—of Sukra, 239;—of Agni and Yama, 243.
Rudra or Rudramūrti, general form of Siva images, 76, 77, 114, 155, 218n, 223n, 236n.
rudrāksha-beads, 259.
Rudrayāmala-Tantra, work quoted in the Tattvanidhi, 155n.
Rukminī, consort of Krishna, 43.
S
Sabaras, an aboriginal tribe, 223.
Sabda-Brahmā, the loges, 187.
Sabhā-mandapa, pavilion in Siva temples, 74, 82.
Sabhāpati, epithet of Natarāja, 74, 77, 79, 82n.
Sachl, consort of Indra, 241.
sacrifices of animals, connected with tem- ples of village deities, 226, 227.
Sadasiva, form of Siva, 76/2.
Sagara, mythical king of the Solar race, 129.
Sahasraksha (the thousand-eyed), epithet of Indra, 241.
Sahasra-linga, form of Siva-linga, 74.
Sailapatrl, form of Durga, 202,
Saiva, sect, 3, 62, 89, no, 155, 159/2, 161, 162, 165, 178, 183, 206, 254, 2~59, 262 :
saints, 74, 262 : Puranas 73 ; Dvarapalas, 254.
Saivagama, work quoted in the Tattvanidhi,
202.
Saivism, 73.
Saivite, 183, 185, 190, 206, 21 1, 218, 223. Sakta, creed, 120, 176, 184, 226. Sakti (power), consort of Kama, 62. Sakti, primeval energy deified, 70, 110/2,
120, 184, 185, 189, 190, 206, 212, 220,
227/2, 239. sakti, weapon, in the hand of Chandika, 197;
of Mars 239; -of Skanda, 177, 178. Sakti-Ganapati, form ofGanapati, 176. Sakya, race, 73.
Saligrama stones, 70, 71, 72. Saluvankuppam, village in the Chingleput
district, 107. sama-bhanga, medium bend of body in
images, 103, 129, 162, 168, 266. Saman or Sama-Veda, 220. Samanya-Lakshmi, form of Lakshmi, 187. samapada or samapadasthanaka, standing
posture in images, 114, 159, 266. Samayapuram, village in the Trichinopoly
district, 178. Sambhu, 3. a. Siva, 107. Samhara-Bhairava, form of Bhairava, 151. Samhara-tandava, variety of Nataraja's
dance, 84.
Sanaischara, s.a. Sani, 239.
Sanaka, sage, 107.
Sanandana, do., 107.
Sandhya-tandava, variety of Nataraja's
dance, 84. Sandhyavandana, the daily prayer of the
Brahmanas, 55.
Sani (Saturn), planet, son of Surya, 239. sanjali-mudra, the worshipping posture of
hands, 259.
Sankara, s.a Siva, 125, Sankara or Sankaracharya, teachtr of the
Advaita school of philosophy, 155, 162,
259. Sankaram, village in the Vizagapatain
district, 2.
Sankaranarayana, s.a. Harihara, 125. Sankaranayanarkoyil, village in the Tinne-
velly district, 125. Sankarshana, form of standing Vishnu, 52/2,
55- sankha (conch q.v.), symbol of Vishnu, 26,
38/2, 55, 211.
Sankhadhara, serpent-chief, 251. Sankhanidhi (treasure), attendant of
Kubera 248.
Sankhya, system of philosophy, 254. sannyasin, an ascetic, 259. Santana-Ganapati, form ofGanapati, 176/2. Santana-Gopala, form of Krishna, 37, 38/2. Santi'(peace), one of the Sakti goddesses
of Vishnu, 189. Saptamatrikas, group of goddesses, 190,
194, 196, 229. Sarabha or Sarabhamurti, form of Siva,
147, 148. Sarada, form of SarasvatI, the presiding
deity of the 64 sciences, 187. Saradatilaka, work quoted in the Tattva- nidhi, 173/2. Sarasvati, goddess of Learning or Speech,
consort of Brahma, II, 82/2, 184, 185,
187 : - one of the Sakti goddesses of
Vishnu, 189 : presiding deity of evening
prayers, 220.
sara-vana, forest of sara-giass, 177. Saravanan, Tamil name for Saravanod-
bhava, 218/2. Saravanan koyil, the correct form of Sra-
manan-koyil at Anamalai, 218/2 Saravanodbhava, epithet of Skanda, 81/2. Sarayu, river, 35. SarvabhutadamanI, the Sakti (goddess) of
Sarvabhutadamana (Siva), 190/2 sarvamohini, attribute of Kama's arrow, 62. Sau, s.a. Uma, 155, sati (suttee), worship of, 229, 230 Satrughna., brother of Rama, 37. Satravidhvamsini, goddess (represented
naked), 213.
Sattan, demon, attendant of Aiyanar, 230. sattva orsattvio form, of Vlrabhadra, 159 ;
of Kshetrapala, 159. Saturday, auspicious for touching the
pi pal-tree, 216/2. ​1 NDEX
287
Satya (Satyabhama), consort of Krishna, 43. Saubhagyabhuvanesvari, goddess, 218. Saubhagya-Vaglsvari, form of Vaglsvari,
185.
sauuiyaka, form of pedestal, 266. Saunaka, sage, 90 Saura-Samhita, name of a Sanskrit work,
TV-
Saurashtra, country, 239. Savitrl, goddess, consort of Brahma, II :
presiding deity of mid-day prayers,
218: wife of Agni, 243. scar, symbol, on the neck of Siva, 76, 77. sciences, the sixty-four (chatushshashti-
kala q-v.), 262. Scythian, 212.
Sellandiyamma, village deity, 224. Selliyamma, village deity, s.a. Sitala.
224 : temple at Alambakkam, 196. serpent, identified with Subrahmanya
(Skanda), 177 : symbol or ornament, of
Saiva images, 79, 84, 90, 103, no, 125,
132, 148, 151, 168, 194, 192, 202, 212,
267 : in the hand of Pidari, 224 ;/ ;
of Varuna, 243.
Sesha-, serpent, 22, 24, 62//, 251. Seshasaila, s.a. Tirupati Hill, 6211. Seshasayin, s.a. Anantasayin, 50. Seven Mothers (Saptamatrikas y.v.'), 82/1,
190, 194. Seven Pagodas, s.a. Mahabalipuram, 2,
Ii, 43-
Seven Sisters, s.a. Saptamatrikas, 229. Shadanana, epithet of Skanda, 177, 178. Shanmatura, do., 177. shashthi, the sixth day of a lunar month,
sacred to Subrahmanya and the serpent,
177. shatkona, a hexagon, connected with
images ot Sudarsana, 66. shield (kh'ela), weapon, in the hand of
LJhutamata, 216 ; of Budha, 239 ; of
Chamunda, Durga, Mahishasuramar-
dini and Maha-Lakshmi, 194, 199, 206;
of Gajahamurti, 125 ; of Kala- gni-Rudra, 155; - of Maha-Lakshmi and Kollapura-Mahalakshml, 189 ; of NairriU, 243 ; of Pratyangira, 213^ of Rahu, 239; of Skanda, 177, 178 ; of Suclarsana, 66 ; of Vishnu, 17/1, 30 ;
of Virabhadra, 159. Shodasabhuja-Durga, form of Durga, 202. Shore Temple, Pal lava structure at tIaha-
baiipuram, 2, 107,
siddhasana, sitting posture in Jaina images, 265.
Siddhi, female deity, connected with ima- ges of Lakshmi-Narayaua, 52.
Siddhidayini, form of Durga, 202.
sidi-swinging, ceremony observed in tem- ples of village deities, 226.
Silappadigaram, Tamil poem, 229.
Silpa or Silpa-Sastra, science of Arts and Professions, I, 103;?, 265.
Silparatna, work on Arts, 37;?, 647*, 73^
74". 79>i, 84//, 107, ii3/j, 1
173", 176, 19^, 212%. Silpasangraha, work on Arts, 35, 43;*, 52*,
64, 84;;, gou, 107, i29, 137", 159,
177, 194, 251, 266. Silpasara, dos, ii/i, 41, 43, 55, 66,
76/1, 148, 151, i6iw, 173, 177, 187,
189, 196, 22O, 222, 223, 24!, 254.
Simhachalam, hill and village in the Vizagapatam district, 26.
siinhakarna, pose of fingers, 103, no//, 140, 267.
Simhamukhasura, demon, iqg/t.
simhasana (lion-seat), pedestal, of Jaina saints, 265.
Simhavarman, king, connected with the history of Chidambaram, 88.
Sindhu, country, 239.
Singa or Singa-Perumal, Tamil name for Narasimha, 24.
Slraladevar, Saiva saint, son of Siruttonda- Nayanar , 262/1.
sirovartana, the top part of a Siva-linga, 74/1.
Siruttonda-Nayanar or Siruttonda-Nambi, Saiva saint, 159;;, 262^.
S'ita, consort of Rama, 35, 37, 64, 224;;.
Sitala or SitaladevI, village deity, god- dess of small-pox, 213, 224.
Sittamur, village in the South Arcot district, 265.
Siva, god, the Destroyer, 2, 3, 10, 2211, 24, 26, 32, 50, 52, 62, 70, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 79, 82, 84, 88, 89, 90, 93, 97, 100, 103, 107, no, 113, 114, 120, 125, 129, 132, 137, 140, 141, 143, 147, 148, !<i' 155, 159, 161, 162, 165, 168, 177, 183, 184, 185, 190, 194, 196, 197,
2O2, 211, 212, 224, 226, 227>l, 229, 230,
235, 236, 243;;, 254, 259, 267, 268 ;
regent of the north-east quarter, 248. Sivadutl, goddess, 216. Siva-linga, phallic symbol of Siva, 22-v,
64;*, 72, 93, 107, 137, i85, 190. Sivapadasekhara, title of Rajaraja, I., 88. Sivarahasya, chapter of Suira-Samhita,
73"-
Sivaratri, festival, 97.
Sivaratri, s.a. Mahakali, 197.
Sivatattvaratnakara, work quoted in the Tattvanidhi, 151.
Skanda, god, son of Siva, 74, 82*, 84, 107, no, 113, 129, 147, t77, 178, 2l8// 267 : name of the Dvarapala at the western entrance of Siva temples, 254.
Skandamata, form of Durga, 202.
Skanda-Purana, 72, 77.
Skandashashthi, s.a. Manasa, 212.
Skanda- Yimala, work quoted in the Karariagama, 202.
skull, garland of, found on Saiva images, 76, 77, 151. J 55, 159, 213, 216: - symbol, in the haad of Saiva images 84, 88, 125, 137, 148, 151, 159, 194, 197, 199;* ; of Pranasakti, 212 ; of ​I N D E X
VajraprastarinI, 21211 ; -- of Ugra-Tara, DhumravatI, and Pratyangira, 213 : - (of Brahma), symbol, in the hand of Siva, 97, 100 ; of Pidari, 2247;. See kapala.
slashing at the breast with swords, cere- mony observed in temples of village deities, 226.
Smarta, pertaining to. the Smritis, 241.
smoke, banner of Agni, 243.
Somalamma, village deity, 224.
Somaskanda, form of Siva, 74, 76, rc7, HO, 147.
South Arcot, district, Gazetteer, quoted, 230 : Jaina temples in, 262.
South Canara, district, 234: Jaina tem- ples in, 262.
South-Indian Bronzes (Gangoly), quoted, 26611.
South-Indian Inscriptions (.9.7.7.), quoted, low, 79/2, 82;;, go/*, H3, 147/2, i73, i99, 2i6, 224, 229, 262/2.
sow, vehicle of Varahi, 194;;.
spear, fixed in ground to represent a village goddess, 223 : weapon, in the hand of Chamunda, 194 ; of Sudar- sana, 66 : symbol of Ivdruppannasami, 230 : thrust into the body in observance of a vow, 227.
spoon, symbol, in the hand of Annapurna, 218 ; of Tulaja-BhavanI, 220.
Sramana, a Jaina or a Buddhist, 2j8.
Sramanan-koyil, rock-cut shrine at Ana- malai, 2i8.
Srauta, pertaining to the Srutis, 241.
Sravana-Belgola, village in the Mysore State, 265.
Sri, goddess of Wealth, consort of Vishnu, 17, 22, 22*, 184, 187, 189.
Sribali, sacrificial food offered in temples to appease minor deities, 3, 100, 161.
Sri-chakra, mystic diagram connected with the worship of the goddess Lalita, 222.
srik, the sacrificial ladle, symbol of Agni, 243 ; of Brahma, 10, 107.
srlkamya, form of pedestal, 266.
Srikantha, s.a. Nilakantha, 76/2, 137, 140/2.
srikara, form of pedestal, 266.
srlkoyil, Tamil name (in inscriptions) for
orthodox temples as distinguished from
shrines of village deities, 226. Srlmushnam, village in the South Arcot
district, 24, 199, 202. Sri-Narayana, variety of Saligrama, 70. Sringeri-matha (in Mysore State), pontifical
seat of Sankaracharya, 187. Srlnivasa, s.a. Venkatesa, 62.
sriphala (6el-frmt), symbol, in the hand of Maha-Lakshml, 189 ; of Durga, 199.
Sri-Rajaraja, title of Rajaraja I., 8S.
Srlrangam, island, 50.
Srisailam Hill, in the Kurnool district, i6i.
Srisukta, Vedic prayer devoted to Sri, 189.
SrI-Vaishhava, sect of Brahmanas, 62, 66, 71, 168, 259, 262.
Srivatsa, auspicious mark on the breast of Vishnu, 17, 125 ; -- of Jaina images, 265. Srividyadevi, goddess, 212. sruva, the sacrificial spoon, symbol of
Agni, 243 ; - of Brahma, 10, 107. staff, symbol, in the hand of Ardhanari (at Tiruchchengodu), 120 ; of Bhriagi, i65 ; of Chamunda, 194 ; O f rishi- images, 254 ; -- of Skanda, 177 ; o f Sukra, 239 ; of the son of lyeshtha, 216 ; of Vagisvarl, 185 ; of Vamana, 32 ; of Varahi, 194*; of Yama, 2 43 5 f Madhvacharya, 259 ; of _Sankaracharya, 259 ; of Surapriya, 212. stupa, a Buddhist relic monument, 2:1, 74. stupi, crest, ii. ' Subba or Subbaraya, s.a. Subrahmanya
I77 '
Subhadra, name of a Uvarapala image, 251. Subhadra, sister of Krishna, 37. Subrahmanya, epithet of Skanda, 177, 178
218/2. Subrahmanyasvamin, (rock-cut) temple, at
Tirupparangunram, 216. suchi, pose of fingers, 129, i37/, 216, 267. Suclarsana, the disc of Vishnu, personi- fied, 66, 70.
Sucldha- Varahi, form of Varahi, 194;;. sudha, part of a chariot, 141. SuclhamalinI, epithet of Varuni, 220. Sudra, caste, 199, 226, 229, 239, 241. Sudraka, king, author of Mrichchhakatika,
178.
sugar-cane, bow of Kama, 62 ; of Lalita, Tripurasundarl and Rajarajesvari, 220 ; of Maha-Ganapati, 173 ; of Vajra- prastarinI, 212/2. Sukhasana, form of Siva, 76/1, no :
posture in sitting, 107, 147, 266. Sukra (Venus), planet, 239. Sukranitisara, Sanskrit work, quoted, i
168*.
SulinI, goddess, 213, 227. Sumbha, demon, enemy of Maha-Sarasvati,
206/2 ; - - of Lalita, 222. Sun (Surya, y.v.), chief of planets, 10/2, 1 1/2, 32, 73, 82/2, 235, 236, 239, 241, 251 : represented by a circular disc, 113: used as wheel to his chariot by Tripuran- taka, 140 : father of Saturn, 239 : one of the three tyes of Siva, 76. Sundaramurti, Saiva saint, 259/2, 262/7. Sundarar, s.a. Sundaramurti, 259. Sura (wine), goddess, 212 Surapriya, goddess, 212. Suriyanarkoyil, village in the Tanjore dis- trict, 235.
Surya, the Sun-god, 10/2, 70, 236. Surya-yantra, mystic diagram connected
with the worship of Surya, 236, Suvarchasa, consort of Surya, 236. Suyasa, wife of Nandi, 162/2. Svadha, consort of Agni, 243. Svaha, do. t 243.
Svapna-Varahi, form of Varahi, 194/2. Svarna, consort of Surya, 236. ​INDEX
289
Svarna-Ganapati, form of Ganapati, l"jfi.
Svasthavesini, goddess, 213.
svastika, s.a. lambita, 190, 251.
svayambhu, variety of Siva-linga, 73.
Svayamvara, name of Parvati as bride, 107.
Svetambara, sect of Jainas, 265.
swan (hamsa), bird, form assumed by Brahma, 93 : --vehicle of Brahml, 194; of Gayatrl, 2i8w : (seven) yoked to the chariot of Brahma, n, 97; of Varuna, 243.
sword (khadga), weapon, in the hand of Bhairava, 151 ; of Bhutamata, 216 ; of Budha, 239 ; of Chamunda, Mahi- shasuramardini and Maha-Lakshmi, 194, 206, 211 ; - of Dhumravatl, 213 ; of Durga (Katyyyani), 199, 202; of Gajahamurti, 125 ; of Indra, 241 ; of Kala-Bhairava, 151; of Ivatagni- Rudra, 155 ; of Mahakali, 197 ; of Narrita, 243 ; of Pasupatamurti, 148 ; of Pralyangira, 2I3// ; of Rahu, 239 ; of Skanda, 177, 178; ofSivadutf, 216; of Sudarsana, 66; of Vlrabhadra, 155, 159; of Vishnu, I7> 30 5 f Yania, 243,
Takshaka, serpent-chief, 251.
Talupulamma, village deity, 224.
tamas or tamasic form, of Kshetrapala, 159 ; of Vlrabhadra, 159.
Tamil, districts, 159, 177, 216 : litera- ture, developed by Agastya, 254.
Tanjai-Alagar, image in the Brihadisvara temple at Tanjore, 82.
Tanjore, district, 230 : inscriptions of, io, 77, 82, 90;;, 93, ii4, 143, 173", 268 : temple at, 88, 100, 120, 147, 155, 159//, 165, 229, 262;; : town, I43//.
tanka, weapon, in the hand of Saiva images, 77, 89;*, 97, 103, no, 113, 129, 14.0, 148, 161, 162, 267.
Tantras, class of literature, 177, 194;;, 220, 229.
Tantrasara, work quoted in the Tattva- nidhi, 151.
Tantrik, pertaining to Tantra literature, 211, 2I3, 223, 224, 226, 227.
Tantrikas, followers of Tantrik rituals, 185.
tapani, attribute of Kama's arrow, 62.
Taraka, demon, 177, 178.
tarjanl, pose of fingers, 64, 162, 267 ; the second finger of hand, 129;;.
Tattvanidhi, name of a Sanskrit work, row.
Tavita, Scythian goddess, 212.
Telugu, districts, ic, 159, 177, 224, 229
Tengalai, sect of SrI-Vaishnavas, 262.
Tenkasi, village in the Tinnevelly district,
173-
Tennapuram, temple, at Chandragiri, 35* thousand-pillared hall, of the Sundaresvara
temple at Madura, 14011. thunder-bolt (vajra), weapon, in the hand,
of Indra, 241 ; of Mahendrl, 194 ;
of Skanda, 177 ; of Siva who cut off the head of Brahma, 97;* ; of Sudar- sana, 66.
Tigalas, class of Tamil -speaking gardeners in Mysore, 227.
tiger, vehicle of Katyayanl, 202 : its skin, worn by Saiva images, 77, 120, 162, I94> 197 5 used as seat by sannyasfos, 259 : its claws, used as an ornament 38;;.
tilaka of kunkumaw, mark of beauty on the forehead of women, 2.22.
Tillai, Tamil name for Chidambaram, 89
Tinnevelly, district, 230.
Tiruchchendur, village in the Tinnevelly district, 178.
Tiruchchengodu, village in the Salem dis- trict, 76, 120, 213;;.
Tirujnanasambandar or Jnanasambandar, Saiva saint, 259, 262;;.
Tirukkoyilur, village in the South Arcot district, 30.
Tirumala, s.a. Tirupati Hill, 72;;.
Tirumalai (near Polur), village in the North Arcot district, 265.
Tirumalisai, village in the Chingleput dis- trict, 202.
Tirumangai-Alvar, Vaishnava saint, 262.
tirumurram, Tamil name (in Chola inscriptions) for the shrines of village deities, 224.
Tirumurugarruppadai, Tamil poem, 178.
Tirunavukkaraiyar, Saiva saint, 262(1.
Tirupati, hill and village in the Chittoor district, 62, 66.
Tiruppalatturai, village in the Trichino- poly district, 213^.
Tirupparangunram, village in the Madura district, 178, 216, 2i8w.
Tiruttani, hill and village in the Chittoor district, 178.
Tirutturaippundi, village in the Tanjore district, 100, 125, 129.
Tiruvadandai, village in the Chingleput district, 24.
Tiruvadi, village in the Tanjore district, II, 125, I59.
Tiruvalangadu, village in the Chittoor district, 82.
Tiruval-udaiyal, village deity, mentioned in Chola inscriptions, 226.
Tiruvanaikkaval, s.a. jambukesvaram, jj t
97, 173- Tiruvarangulam, village in the Pudukkottai
State, 262. Tiruvarur, village in the Tanjore district,
76. Tiruvasagam, collection of the hymns of
Manikkavasagar, 262. Tiruvenga vasal, village in the Pudukkottai
State, 93. Tiruvenkattu-Nangai, wife of Siruttonda-
Nayanar, 262;/. Tiruvottiyur, village in the Chingleput
district, 97, 173", 178, 202, 226, 259. ​290
INDEX
tomara (pestle), symbol of Agni, 243. Tortoise, incarnation of Vishnu, 22,
140 ; - vehicle of Yamuna, 248. Traipurusha or Traipurushadeva, temples
of, icn, 235.
tree-and-serpent Worship, 177, 248. Treta-yuga, name of the second Hindu
aeon, 161. triangle, equilateral, connected with
images of Sudarsana, 66. tribhanga, the three-fold bend of body in
images, 107. Trichinopoly, rock-cut cave at, 132 : the
Uchchi-Piilaiyar temple on the rock at,
176.
tridanda (triple staff), symbol,, in the hand of SrI-Vaishnava satiny asins, 259.
trident (trisiila), weapon, in the hand of Saiva images, 77;*, 84, 85, 97/1, 100, 114, 125, 137, I40//, 143, 148, 151, 159,
l6l, 162, 196, 197, I99, 202, 2C6 ; of
Pidari, 224^ ; of Rahu, 239 ; of Sani, 239; of Sivadutl, 216; -of Sudarsana, 66 ; of Pratyangira and Sulini, 213 : fixed in the ground to represent a village deity, 223 : (flam- ing), symbol, in the hand of Agni and Yama, 243.
Trikantakldevi, goddess, 213.
Trimurti, the three gods of the Hindu Triad, 236.
Triplicane, suburb of Madras, 47.
Tripura, demon of the three magic cities, 140, 141.
Tripura-Bhairavf, goddess, 212.
Tripurantaka or Tripnrantakamurti, form of Siva, 76, 140, 141, 267;;.
Tripura-Sundari, goddess, 220.
Tripura-tandava, variety of Nataraja's dance, 8^.
Trivandrum, capital of Travancore, 50
Trivikrama, form of Vamana, 22, 30, 32 : epithet of Vishnu, 55.
trunks (human), garland of, worn by Siva- ratrl, 197.
Tsallamma, s.a. Selliyamma, 224.
Tulaja Bhavani, goddess, 220.
Tuluvas, class of people, 234.
Tumburu, demi-god (with horse-face), 32,
82W.
Turaiyur, village in the Trichinopoly dis- trict, 43.
Tushti (pleasure), one of theSakti goddess- es of Vishnu, 189.
Tvarita, goddess, 212, 223: considered to be a widow, 2I2;/.
Tya^araia, name of Somaskanda at Tiru- varur, 76.
U
Uchchangi-amma, village deity, 223. Uchchhihta-Ganapati, form of Ganapati, 27.
Uchchi-Pillaiyar, temple (of Ganapati) on
the rock at Trichinopoly, 176. udarabandhana, girdle round the belly, 10,
5- Udayagiri, village and hill fortress in the
Nellore district, 38^. Uddanda-Ganapati, form of Ganapati,
176.
Udlchya, attendant of Yama, 243. Udipi, village in the South Canara district,
3-
udukkai, Tamil form of dhakka, 77. udumbara fig-tree, sacred to the goddess,
Kaumari, 196.
Ugra-Narasimha, form of Narasimha, 26. Ugra-Tara, goddess, 213. Ulagalanda-Perumal, Tamil name for
Trivikrama, 30 : temple at Kanchi
(Conjeeveram), 30. Ulagattal, village deity, 224. Uma or Uma-paramesvari, s.a. Parvati,S2//,
84, 89, 90, 107, 129, 147, 184, 190, 212. Uma-Mahesvara, form of Siva, 113. Umasahita, do., 76^, no. Urnaskanda, s.a. Somaskanda, 76;;. Um'i-tandava, variety of Nataraja's dance,
84. umbrella, symbol, in the hand of Vamana,
32 ; - on the top of Jaina figures, 77. Upanishads, the philosophic expositions of
the Vedas, 184 : used as reins to his
hcrsei, by Tripurantaka, 140. Urdhva-Ganapati, form of Ganapati, 176. Urdhva-tandava, variety of Nataraja's
dance, 82, 88. urdhva-pundra, caste mark of the Vaish-
navas, 259.
ushnisha, crown, 47;;, 88. utkatika, posture in sitting, 266.
vach (logos), word, 184. Vagisvarl, s.a. Sarasvati, 185. Vaikuntha-Narayana, form of Vishnu,
52- Vaikuntha-Perumal, temple, at Conjee-
veram, 2.
Vainateya, form of Garuda, 64;^. Vaishnava, 3, 17, 26, 3871, 41, 62, 66, 71,
254, 259, 262. Vaishnavl, one of the Saptamatrikas, 190,
194, 196. Vaishnavi-Sakti, consort of Govinda-Bhai-
rava, 151. Vaishnavism, 38. Vaishnavism, Saivism, etc, (Bhandarkar),
quoted, I48w, l68, 178, 235^, 236;;,
248 n. Vaishnavite, 35, 55, 62, '64, 72, 151, 185,
196, 2l8w.
Vaisya, caste, 190, 229, 239. Vaivahika, s.a. Kalyanasandara, 76;;, 103. vajrakita, insect, form assumed by Vishnu
for boring holes in the Saligrarna stones,
70. ​INDEX
291
vajrapitha, form of pedestal, 266.
Vajraprastarini, goddess, 2:2.
Valli or /alliyainman, cohort of Skanda,
177, i?8-
Valmiki, sage and author, 37;;.
Valuvur, village in the Tanjore district, 100, 125, 162, 230.
Varna, the Sakti (goddess) of Varna or Va- madeva (Siva), 190^.
Vamana, the Dwarf-incarnation of Vishnu, 22, 30, 32 : epithet of Vishnu, 55 : variety of Saligrama, 70.
Vamana-Purana, 165;;.
vanamala, garland of flowers, worn by- Vishnu, 17, 50 ; - by Vaishnavi, 194.
Vandi-Kaliyamma, village deity, 224.
Vanniyan, s.a. Palii, 227.
varada, boon-giving pose of hand in images (q.v.), 10, 17, 64;;, 66, 76, 89", 90, 93.97, HO, 114, 137, 148, 177, 178,
189, I9O, 194, 2O2, 2I2W, 239, 24I//, 243, 248, 266.
Varadarajasvamin, temple, at Little Conjee-
veram, 43.
Vara-Ganapati, form of Ganapali, 176. Varaha, the Boar-incarnation of Vishnu,
22, 26, 30. Varaha-mandapa, rock-cut pavilion at
Mahabalipuram, 30. Varahamihira, astronomer, 236;;. Varaha- Perumal, rock-cut temple at Maha-
baiipuram, 22. Varaha- Purana, 162. Varahf, one of the Saptamatrikas, 190,
194, 196. Varahlkalpa, work quoted in the Tattva-
nidhi, I94. Varuna, regent of the west and lord of the
ocean, 243. Varuni, goddess, 220. Vasanta ^Spring), friend of Kama, 62. vasikabandha, fashion of making up the
hair, 216, 268.
Vasishtha, sage, 37^, 90, 254. Vasishtharamayana, name of a Sanskrit
work, 37. Vasudeva, form of standing Vishnu, 52^,
55 : variety of Saligrama 70 : s.a.
Krishna, 1911.
Vasuki, serpent-chief, 140, 251.
Vatapatrasayin, form of Krishna (Vishnu),
37- Vattapirai-amman, goddess, in the temple
at Tiruvottiyur, 226.
Vatuka-Bha raa, form of Bhairava, i6lw. Vayu, wind, l^rd of the north-west ([uarter,
248, 267 : charioteer of Agni, 243. Vedanta-Desika, Sri-Vaishnava teacher,
259. Veclas, the four, 30, 32, 177, 235, 259;,- :
symbol, in front of Brahma images, Mil
in the hand of Aghoramurti, 148 ;
following Dattatreya in the form of
dogs, i in: carried (as personified images) by Hayagrlva, 55 : forming the body of Garucla, 64/4 : used as horses, to his chariot, by Tripurantaka, 140: - repre- sented, by the goddesses Gayatn, Savitrt and Sarasvati, 220; l.y the Sun, 236: their seven metres (chkaiidas), repre- sented as seven horses of the Sun,
Vedic, 7, 64^, 241, 251, 254. vel, Tamil name for sakti, 177. Velayudha, Tamil name for Subrahmanya 178.
Venkatesa or Venkataramana, form of standing Vishnu on the Tirupati Hill 62.
Venu-Gopala, form of Krishna, 43.
vessel, symbol, in the hand of Lakshmi, 187, 189 ; of Mahenclri, 194 : (of blood), in the hand of Sivadutl, 2l6 : (of food), in the hand of Annapurna, 218 ; of Tulaja-Bhavarii, 220 : (of gems), in the hand of Savitrl, 243 ; of Varuna 243 : (of wine), in the hand of Laghusyamala and VarunI, 220. See cup and pot.
Vetala, demon, vehicle of Virabhadra, 155.
Vibhlshana, Rakshasa chief, 37.
Vidyadharas, class of demi-gods, 251 ; of Jaina mythology, 265.
Vighnesa or Vighnesvara, s.a. Ganapati, 82/j, 168, 224".
Vijaya, attendant of Vishnu, 50; of Skanda, 178 : name of a Dvarapala image, 251.
Vijaya Ganapati, form of Ganapati, 176.
Vijayanagara (Hampi), village in the Bellury district, 24, 26, 38;;, b8.
vina, the ludian lute, 90, 220, 251 : sym- bol in the hand of Narada, 254 ; - of Sarasvati, 185/4.
Vinadhara-Dakshinamurti, form of Dakshinamurti, 90.
Vinayaka, s.a. Ganapati, Sz/t, 165, i68w, 187, 194, 267 : name of the Dvarapala at the southern entrance of Siva temples,
254".
Vindhya, mountain, 223. Vindhyavasini, form of Durga, 220, 223. Virabhadra, fierce emanation of Siva, 74,
89, 155. 159, i6r;/, 194, 227, 234. Vira-Chola, surname of Parantaka L, 88. VIra-Lakshml, form of Lakshmi, 189. Vlra-Narayana, surname of Parantaka 1 ,
88.
Vira-Saiva, s.a. Lingayata, 165. Vira-Sakti, goddess, connected with
?6maskanda, no : Parvati in her
independent form, 185;;.. vlrasana, posture in sitting, 37, 197, 266/1. Vira-Vira, walking form of Virabhadra,
159.
Viresvara, s.a. Virabhadra, 113. Visalaksln, nr.nie of the goddtss Parvati ai
Benares, 2iS//, ​292
INDEX
Visalyakarani, medical herb, 259 >>.
Vishakantha, epithet of Nllakantha, 137.
Vishapaharamurti, form of Siva, 140.
Vishnu, god, the Protector, 2, 3, ion, II, 17, 22, 24, 26, 30, 35, 37, 47, 50, 52, 55, 62, 64, 70, 72, 73, 74, 82;;, 84", 93, 97, 100, 103, 107, 113, 125, 140, 148, 168, 184, 185, 187, 189, 194, 196, 197, 202, 2i8, 229, 230, 235, 236, 251, 254, 259, 265, 267, 268 : variety of Saiigrama, 70 : used as arrow by Tripurantaka, 140.
Vishnudharmottara, work quoted by Ilemadri, 197.
Vishnu-Purana, 73.
Vishvaksena, epithet of Vishnu, 62 : Vaishnavite god, 62.
vismaya, pose of fingers, 84, 88, 125, 137, 178, 267.
Visvakarma, Art Journal (Coomaraswamy) quoted, 2472, 64;;, 114", 143^, 251;;, 254", 259;;.
Visvakarma, form of Brahma, n.
visvatnardinl, attribute of Kama's arrow, 62.
Visvamitra, sage, 254.
Visvanatha, temple, at Teakasi, 173.
Visvedevas, the ten, 262.
Vithoba, s,a. Panduranga, 55.
Vrisharudha, form of Siva, 74, 76-7, 113, 114*.
Vrishavahana,, do. 113, 114.
Vrisha saila, surname of Tirupati Hill, 6272.
Vulture, vehicle of Sani (Saturn) 239 ; of Ketu, 241.
Vya.ghrapa.da, sage (with tiger's feet), 82, 84, 88.
vyala-mudra, pose of fingers, 79.
Vyasa, say;e, 176.
W
water-pot, symbol, in the hand of Brahma, 10, li, 103, 113; of Brahinacharini, 202; of Dakshinamurti, 93; of Gana-
in
pati, 168 ; of rishi image?, 254;' of Sankaracharya, 259; of Sitala, 213; of Sukra, 239 ;-=-of Vaglsvart, 185 ; of Vamana, 32 : held on the lap by Kapila 254. See kyndika.
weapons, personified, 52//, 62, 66.
whip-lashing, ceremony observed temples of village deities, 226.
winnow, symbol of Sitala, 213
Yajna-purusha, epithet of Vishnu, 64;;. yajnasutra^r yajnopavita, the Brahmanical
sacred thread, 10, 113, 243. Yajus or Yajur-Veda, 220. Yakshas, class of demi-gods, 248, 251 ; of
Jaina mythology, 265. YakshI, a Yaksha female, 265. Yama, the god of Death and lord of the
south, 137, 148, I94, 243 : son of
Surya, 236.
Yamala-mantrasastra, 196. Yamuna s.a. Jumna, 38 : the chauri-
bearer of Varuna, 248. Yamya, s.a. Varahl, I94. yantras,. mystic charms connected with
Sakti-worship, 185, 222. Yaska, author of the Nirukta, 37//. Yasoda, mother of Durgaand foster-mother
of Krishna, 37, 196. Yenur, village in the South Canara district,
265.
yoga, philosophic contemplation, 89. Yogamurti or Yoga- Dakshinamurti, form
of Dakshinamurti, 90. Yoga-Narasimha, form of Narasimha, 26. yogapatta, belt used in meditation, 90. Yoga-Sakti, goddess, identified with the
pedestal of Siva-linga, now, l85//. yogasana, posture in sitting, 65, 265. Yoga-Vlra, the seated form of Virabhadra,
159-
Yogesvara- Vishnu, form of Vishnu, 55. yogin, an ascetic, 64/1. yoni, the pedestal of a Siva-linga, 72, 73. yuga, a Hindu aeon, 161.