OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Des Moines Register/1917/Hahnen - Shepard Wedding At Hanger Home

Wilhelmina C. Hahnen (1872-1942) and James Oscar Shepard (1872-1951) wedding in The Des Moines Tribune on July 19, 1917.
Hahnen - Shepard Wedding At Hanger Home
Simplicity characterized the wedding of Miss Minnie Hahnen, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Hahnen and Mrs. James Oscar Shepard of Sterling, Colorado, which took place last evening at the B.O. Hanger home, the groom being a brother of Mrs. Hanger. The guests, who included the immediate relatives of the bridal couple and a few close friends, were received by Mr. and Mrs. Hanger, Mr. and Mrs. M. R. Davis and the bride and groom. At 8 o'clock the nieces and nephew of the bride preceded the bridal couple to the improvised altar of ferns and palms, holding in their hands garlands of summer flowers. They were Irene and Richard Hahnen, Gretchen and Robert Hahnen, Katherine Engelbeck of Milwaukee, Melville Davis, Martha and Edgar Wirt and Ellen Ransberg. Darl Ransberg of Minneapolis and Dorothy Neindorf carried the rings in baskets of sweet peas. Following the double ring service, which was read by the Rev. A. B. Leamer of St. John's Lutheran church, light refreshments were served. The bride was gowned in a simple frock of embroidered crepe with trimmings of thread lace. Mr. and Mrs. Shepard left last for the mountains of Colorado, where they will spend their honeymoon and will be at home after Aug. 1 in Sterling, Colorado, where Mr. Shepard is with the signal service department of the Union Pacific railroad. Among the wedding guests were: Mr. and Mrs. Claude Englebeck and daughter Katherine of Milwaukee, Mr. and Mrs. D. B. Ransberg and children. Ellen and Darl. Jr., of Minneapolis, Mr. Will Hahnen of Joplin, Missouri, and Mrs. George Newton of Washington, D.C., Mr. and Mrs. George Nichols, Mr. and Mrs. George Jamieson and Mr. and Keller, all of Vinton.
# Lament for Abercrombie/Lament for Abercrombie

LAMENT FOR ABERCROMBIE.
# The Genuine Remains in Verse and Prose of Mr. Samuel Butler/Volume 1/Upon modern Critics—A Pindaric Ode

UPON MODERN CRITICS,
A
PINDARIC ODE.
* ↑ For those fine Pageants, which some raise—Of false and disproportion'd praise, &c.] This alludes to the foolish Custom, which prevail'd in those Times, of ushering Books of Poetry to the Public with recommendatory Verses from their learned Friends to the ingonious Authors; which were generally stuft with such vain and fulsome Compliment, as, according to our Poet's Words, must have put their Modesty to the Blush, if they had been presented to them in private only.
* ↑ As if he had a Toad-stone in his Scull.] What was call'd the Toad-stone, was suppos'd or pretended to be a stony Concretion found in the Heads of Toads, and was recommended by Quacks and Empirics as of great medicinal Use.—See Brown's Vulgar Errors. Butler only adopts the Whim, to hint that his Critic's Brains were become petrified.
# The Genuine Remains in Verse and Prose of Mr. Samuel Butler/Volume 1/To the happy Memory of the most renowned Du-Val

TO THE
HAPPY MEMORY
Of the most Renown'd
DU VAL.
A Pindaric ODE.
# The Poetical Works of Robert Burns/Altho' thou maun never be mine

ALTHO' THOU MAUN NEVER BE MINE.
TUNE―'HERE'S A HEALTH TO THEM THAT'S AWA, HINEY.'
# The Poetical Works of Robert Burns/The Lazy Mist

THE LAZY MIST.
IRISH AIR—'COOLUN.'
# The Poetical Works of Robert Burns/My Tocher's the Jewel

MY TOCHER'S THE JEWEL.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Verden, Karl von

This is a fictitious person. There is a marked incompatibility in that the subject was supposedly German, but the titles of the alleged literary works are written in Spanish, and there is also a spelling error in the name of one of the alleged literary works.
​VERDEN, Karl von (vair'-den), German mis- sionary, b. in Schweidnitz, Silesia, about 1620 ; d. in Buenos Ayres in 1697. He became a Jesuit, was attached to the South American missions, and labored for about twenty years among the Indians of Tueuraan. Afterward he was librarian of the convent of Buenos Ayres. His works include " Geografia y Misiones del Rio de la Plata " (Madrid, 1710); "Informe de las Misiones del Tu- cuman " (1711); and " Informacion sobre las Misi- ones y Establecimientos de la Compailia de Jesus en la America meridional " (2 vols., 1715).
# Hand-book of Volapük/Tenses

TENSES.
Each of the tenses has one of the vowels as its peculiar sign:
[a,]ä,e,i,o,u,
| for the present, or for the past, or (imperfect) for the perfect, or for the past-perfect, or (pluperfect) for the future, or for the future perfect, or | patüp pätüp petüp pitüp potüp putüp | a ä e i o u |
The present-sign, a, is omitted in the activ voice.
Binob, I am; äbinol, you were; ebinom, he has been; ibinof, she has been; obinos, it will be; ubinon, one will have been.
In English, most of the tenses are expressed by using the auxiliary verbs, have, shall and will; while in Volapük there are no such auxiliaries, the verb-form consisting of a single word.
The word “do” is used in English as an auxiliary denoting emphasis, as, “I do believe.” In Volapük this cannot be translated otherwise than “I believe.”
The same tense-vowels,
a, ä, e, i, o, u
are used with some words other than verbs, when time is to be distinguished.
| adelo, ädelo, odelo, udelo, amulo, | to-day. yesterday. to-morrow. day-after-to-morrow. this month. |
| omulo, uyelo, etc. ||
EXERCISE 17.
Put the following words into all the tenses, giving the meaning of each:
Kömob. Golol. Getom. Nägof. Lömibos. Sagon. Labobs. Binols. Sumoms.
O flen divikün! egetob penedi ola blefik e pidob das ebinol malädik. Spelob das uvedol suno saunikum e das ovisitol obis omulo.
Dear friend: the long letter, which you wrote to me, has pleased me (kimefal) very much. I hope that I shall soon have got better, and that I shall see you again next year.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Three Songs (Edinburgh)/The Lord of Roslin's Daughter, etc.

THREE SONGS.
The Lord of Roslin's Daughter.
The Maid of Lodi.
Love and Glory.
Edinburgh: printed by J. Morren.
* The Lord of Roslin's Daughter
* The Maid of Lodi
* Love and Glory
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Hand-book of Volapük/Passiv Voice

THE PASSIV VOICE.
All the tenses of the passiv voice commence with the letter p. Therefore the passiv tense-augments are,
| present imperfect perfect pluperfect future future perfect | pa- pä- pe- pi- po- pu- | palöfob, I am loved. pälogol, you were seen. peflapom, he has been struck. piropof, she had been interrupted. posagos, it will be said. pununon, one will have been informed. |
In English, a present passiv is often really perfect in signification; as, “the house is finished,” „dom pefinom.“ On the other hand we use what is, apparently, an activ form in a passiv sense, as, “the house is building,” meaning “the house is being built,” „dom pabumom.“ In all such cases we must consider the sense and not the sound.
EXERCISE 18. Fa, by.
Nelijapük papükom in Nelij, Pebaltats, Kanadän, Talop e läns votik. Volapük potidom in juls valik. Volapük pädatuvom fa söl Schleyer. Fluks poseloms. delido ayelo; päseloms nedelido äyelo. Dom gletik pabumom in süt telsekilid.
Many children are educated in the schools of America; many have been educated and many will be educated. Books are sold by the merchant, whose store is in 42nd street. These books are not mine; they are sold. [Is this patüp?] What language is spoken in America?
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Hand-book of Volapük/Infinitiv

THE INFINITIV.
The verbs given so far have been in the form which simply asserts, called the indicativ mood.
The infinitiv mood, or verb-noun, has the ending -ön. It is usually, though not always preceded in English by to. In Volapük it may be in various tenses: patüp, petüp, potüp, or putüp.
​Logön, to see. Elogön, to have seen. Ologön, to be about to see (as we cannot say to shall). Ulogön, to be about to have seen.
Notice that the neuter-impersonal verb, binos, is used with the infinitiv as subject.
The verbs may, can, must (called by some grammarians, signs of the potential mood), let, dare, etc., have no to after them in English, yet the verb following them is in the infinitiv.
Here “to” means “in order to.” In this case the infinitiv must be preceded by al. To test („al blufön“) whether al should be used or not, see if you can change the English phrase into an equivalent one containing “for,” or if it answers the question “for what?”
I shall buy a book (for what?) to study Volapük.
The English verb-noun in -ing must be translated by the infinitiv.
​The infinitiv, being a kind of verb-noun, may be declined, tho' this seldom occurs.
It is permitted to insert the personal pronouns before the ending -ön in order to indicate the subject.
The infinitiv in the passiv voice is formed in the same way, and is subject to the same rules.
EXERCISE 19.
Löfob fidön fluki. No vilob lilädön bukis mödik, sod gudikis. Eseilön binos ofen gudikum ka epükön. Men nonik kanom nolön valikosi. Kim okanom numön stelis sila u tofis mela? Binob in jul al studön, no al pledön. Olemob bukis al lenadön volapüki. Sötol studön volapüki al kanön pükön ko nets valik.
I like to read good books. I wish to see the stars. To read is better than to play. We ought to buy a house if we can buy it cheap. This man can read six languages and speak three; he likes to study and he has time to study. It is better to have loved and lost than not to have loved.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Hand-book of Volapük/Participle

THE PARTICIPLE.
The participle is a verb-adjectiv. Its ending is -öl, corresponding to -ing, -ed. It may be in the activ or passiv voice, and in any tense, tho' the patüp, petüp and potüp are the most common.
​It is often necessary to examin English passiv participles very carefully, to determine what tense they really signify.
If we turn the sentence into the activ form it will be clearer. The house which we see in the distance. The house which some one has built (not is building) on a rock.
There is another form of the participle, slightly differing from the future, and having the augment ö instead of o. Its meaning is that which must or ought to do something, or that which must or ought to be done.
EXERCISE 20.
O söl pelestimöl! Elilädöl vobuki ola nitedik, e no kanöl kapälön dilis anik, penob ole penedi at al säkön va vilol seplänön obe setis suköl.
Honored Sir: Having received your letter and not having had time to write to you this week, I hope that you will excuse the unavoidable (not-to-be-avoided) delay.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Hand-book of Volapük/Imperativ

THE IMPERATIV.
The ending of the simple imperativ is öd, following the person-ending.
There are two modifications of the imperativ, the courteous or softened form in -ös and the harsh form in -öz; called by some grammarians the optativ and jussiv. The former expresses a request and the latter a positiv command.
EXERCISE 21.
Give four dollars to this poor boy. Please excuse the liberty which I take. Please visit us in our new house. Please answer this letter soon. Kill that snake! Remain in the house. Please mail me three copies of your new book. Accept my cordial salutations. Let each boy take his book and read.
Givolöd bodi mane pöfik. Kömolsös al visitön obis in dom obas nulik. Sekusadolös obe no egepükön penede olik sunumo. Gololöz se dom! Potolös obe samadis fol vödasbuka nelijik. Pul alik sumomöd peni okik e penomöd. Blibolös in gad.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Hand-book of Volapük/Conditional, Conjunctiv and Potential

THE CONDITIONAL AND CONJUNCTIV.
The conditional mood expresses something not as actually occurring, but as what would be, under a certain supposition. The conjunctiv is the mood which expresses this supposition, preceded by if, if.
These two moods are formed by adding to the pätüp or pitüp the endings -öv and -la. The latter is written with a hyphen and the accent remains on the preceding syllable.
THE POTENTIAL.
A form seldom used, but mentioned by Schleyer, has the ending -öx, and the meaning might possibly.
EXERCISE 22.
Älöfoböv mani at, if äbinom-la gudikum. If ägolobs-la vädelo al spatön, äbinosöv saunlik. If ägolols-la adelo al spatön, blinolsös buki nulik, keli äbonedob, de bukatedam. Binosöv gälod gletik obe, getön penedi lonedik de ol. If no äbinos-la so vamik, älöfoböv visitön flenis obsik in zif.
If I should see the teacher to-day I would give him the book which he wishes to see. This book would be useful to you if you should wish to study the French language. If you had seen this man in the garden he would have spoken to you. If you should travel in Europe you would hear many languages.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Hand-book of Volapük/Interrogativ Form

THE INTERROGATIV FORM.
In English we change an assertion into a question by changing the order of the words,
| I have. He will go. You have seen. | Have I? Will he go? Have you seen? |
But we seldom put a verb, unless an auxiliary, before the subject. We use, instead, the emphatic form with do.
| You go. He speaks. | Do you go?instead ofGo you? Does he speak? |
In Volapük the sign of the question is the syllable li, generally placed either before or after the verb and united to it by a hyphen. The accent of the verb is unchanged. Li should not be placed after the verb when this would bring two l's or three consonants together, as li-binoms? not binoms-li?
| Man binom gudik, Labob, Ogoloms, Egolols, | Man binom-li gudik? Labob-li? Li-ogoloms? Li-egolols? |
​If the sentence contains an interrogativ word, such as, who? which? what? how? when? where? li is unnecessary.
EXERCISE 23.
Kikod? why? Kiplad or klöp? where? Kipladi? where (to what place)? Kiüp or kitim? when? Liko? how? These are interrogativs which do not require -li.
Stadön, to be [in a certain state or condition], to do, as in “how do you do?”
Liko stadol, o söl!? Stadob gudiko, danob ole ( or danis). Li-ebinol lonedo in zif? No lonedo, ekömob bletimo de Madrid. Binom-li Madrid zif jönik? Binom lejönik; ilöfoböv blibön us lonedumo. Kiöp lom olik binom? Lom obik binom in Boston, ab labob flenis mödik in zif at. Li-estudol flentapüki? Estudob flentapüki ab no kanob pükön omi gudiko. Li-kapälol valikosi keli lilädol? Si, o söl! ti valikosi.
Have you seen my father to-day? No, sir; is he not in the house? Have you read the newspapers to-day? I have not had time to read. How is your father to-day? Thanks; he is (stadom) much better. His many friends will have much pleasure when they [shall] know it.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Hand-book of Volapük/Frequentativ or Aorist

THE FREQUENTATIV FORM OR AORIST.
When a verb refers to the habitual performance of an action, this may be indicated by adding the letter i (pronounced as a separate syllable) to the tense augment. Thus,
| ai-, pai-, | äi-, päi-, | ei-, pei-, | ii-, pii-, | oi-, poi-, | ui-. pui-. |
​In English we have no special form for habitual action; but, on the other hand, we use the verb to be with the participle in -ing to express action continuing temporarily.
The form “to be ———ing” is adopted in Volapük.
Ai- is also used as a prefix denoting universality with other words.
Aikel, whoever; aikitim, whenever; aikiöp, wherever.
EXERCISE 24.
Lio-? how-? to what degree? as lio-gletik? how large? lio-mödik? how many?
Aispatob vädelo in gad obik. Li-aigebol spatini? No; spatins paigeboms te fa mans bäledik; li-tikol das binob bäledik? No nolob; binob yunik, ab aispatob ko spatin. Li-aifidol miti vädelo? No aifidob omi mälüdelo. Ven äbinobs in Flent, äidlinobs vini, ab nu ven binobs Melop aidlinobs vati. Du yels lio-mödik äbinols in Flent? Du yels kil.
Do you drink wine? I drink wine, but now I am drinking water. In France they drink [one drinks] wine and not water. In Belgium they speak the French and the Dutch languages. What language do they speak in Australia? They speak-English [one word]; wherever many Englishmen are, one speaks English.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Hand-book of Volapük/Reflexiv

THE REFLEXIV.
The reflexiv form is the same as the activ voice with the addition of -ok.
Vatükob, I wash. Vatükobok, I wash myself.
​An equivalent expression, sometimes used, is
Vatükob obi.
| Vatükol, you wash. | Vatükolok, or, Vatükol oli, | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$you wash yourself. |
Vatükomok, or vatükom oki, he washes himself. (Vatükom omi would mean he washes him, two different persons.)
In the plural the s usually follows the ok, but may be made to precede it, if that form is thought more euphonious. Vatükoboks, or vatükobsok, we wash ourselvs. Vatükomoks, they wash themselvs. If the object is exprest by a separate pronoun in the plural it is translated “each other”. Löfomoks, they love themselvs; Löfoms okis, they love each other; Löfobsok, we love ourselvs; Löfobs obis, we love each other.
EXERCISE 25.
| Dälön, to permit. Dalön, to have permission (may). | Mutön, must. Mütön, compel. |
Logobok in lok at. Pladolokös in stul et. Aikel löfomok gudikumo ka nileli okik, no binom krit velatik; ab krits velatik löfoms okis. Aivatükobok vägödelo.
I have struck myself with this walking stick. I permit myself to address this letter to you. You will kill yourself. Please seat yourself and make yourself contented.
(Formerly dalön - dälön, mutön - mütön, had converse meanings.)
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Hand-book of Volapük/Prepositions and the Kimifal

PREPOSITIONS AND THE KIMIFAL.
In English we make a distinction between in and into.
Into expresses motion from the outside to the interior; while in relates wholly to the interior.
This distinction is exprest in Volapük either by putting the noun into the kimifal or by adding -i to the preposition.
| Binob in gad, | | I am in the garden. |
| Golob in gadi, or | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | I am going into the garden. |
| golob ini gad | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | I am going into the garden. |
​In Volapük there are other prepositions subject to the same distinction; when they denote place, where, they govern the kimfal; when they denote direction, whither, they govern the kimifal or take the ending i.
This distinction is not always necessary nor always observed, and the list, given in Schleyer's grammar, of prepositions which may govern the kimifal is incorrect, because based on the German prepositions.
The ending i is sometimes added to adverbs of place, giving them the meaning of motion towards.
Similarly the ending a is used to denote motion from in a few words.
| Is, Us, Kiöp, | isa, usa, kiöpa, | isi. usi. kiöpi. | Here, There, Where, | hence, thence, whence, | hither. thither. whither. |
It would seem quite as natural and correct to say de is, de us, de kiöp; al (or ali) is, al us, as kiöp.
To express duration of time the preposition du is used. But sometimes the preposition is omitted (as in English) and then the noun may remain in the kimfal or be put into the kimifal. Thus there are three forms of expression; we prefer to retain the du.
| Äblibob in Rom du yels kil, Äblibob in Rom yels kil, Äblibob in Rom yelis kil, | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | I remained in Rome [during] three years. |
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Hand-book of Volapük/Synopsis of Inflection

​SYNOPSIS OF THE VOLAPÜK INFLECTION. The changes of form which words may take are all contained in the following table:
1. Plural Ending-s
2. Case Endings— nom. who?-a pos. whose?-e dat. to whom?-i obj. whom.
3. Gender Prefixesji- fem.om- mas.
Gender Ending-os neu.
4. Adjectiv Endings-ik-id
5. Adverb Endings-o-na-um comp.-ün sup. -umo-üno$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Degrees.
6. Person Endings-ob 1-ol 2-om m.-of f.-os n.-on indef. ——————3——————
7. Tense Augments
| Activ | — | ä- | e- | i- | o- | u- |
| Passiv | pa- pres. does | pä- imp. did | pe- per. has | pi- plup. had | po- fut. will | pu- fut. per. will have |
| Freq. Activ | ai- | äi- | ei- | ii- | oi- | ui- |
| Passiv | pai- | päi- | pei- | pii- | poi- | pui- |
| Gerundiv Augments | ö- act.pö- pas. | ö- act.pö- pas. | ö- act.pö- pas. | ö- act.pö- pas. | ö- act.pö- pas. | ö- act.pö- pas. |
8. Mood Endings -öl part.-ön inf.-öd-ös-öz imp.-(öx) pot.-öv cond.-la conj.-li interrog.-ok refl.
9. Preposition Endingü
10. Interjection Endingö
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
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# Hand-book of Volapük/Use of Prepositions

THE USE OF PREPOSITIONS.
In English we often use one of the common prepositions in several different meanings, which may not coincide with the meanings of any one Volapük preposition. In Volapük it is intended that each preposition should have only two meanings, the literal and the figurativ.
The following list is intended for reference in case of doubt:
It must be remembered also that there are many words in English which are used sometimes as prepositions, sometimes as adverbs: to run down the hill; to tear down the house.
| Among Between | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | bevü | $\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$ | In English we use between in speaking of two objects, and among of more than two; in Volapük there is no distinction. |
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
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# Hand-book of Volapük/Derived Prepositions

DERIVED PREPOSITIONS.
Prepositions derived from nouns end in ü. They are generally translated by three English words: a preposition, a noun, another preposition.
| Stimü, in honor of. Kodü, by reason of. Sukü, in consequence of. Yufü, by aid of. Kodü, thanks to. Tefü, regarding, concerning. | Stim, honor. Kod, cause. Suk, following. Yuf, aid. Dan, thank. Tef, reference. |
Some prepositions are used both with and without the ending ü, as dem or demü.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
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# Hand-book of Volapük/Formation of Interjections

INTERJECTIONS.
The ending for interjections is ö. Therefore verbs in the imperativ simply drop d, and omit personal ending.
Spidö!Make haste! Stopö!Halt! Bafö!Bravo!
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
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