OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Carafa, Michele

From volume 1 of the work.
​CARAFA, Michele, born at Naples Nov. 28, 1785 [App. p.579 "Nov. 17, 1787"]; studied under Fazzi, Fenaroli, and Ruggi, and in Paris under Cherubini. His first opera was 'Il Fantasma.' So little however did Carafa feel his vocation that he entered the army, and became an officer in the bodyguard of Murat, then king of Naples. Like Henri Beyle (Stendhal) he made the campaign of Russia in 1812, and was decorated by Napoleon. After the Emperor's fall he left the army and embraced music as his profession. His first opera, 'Il vascello di occidente,' was produced at Naples in 1814, and was followed by a large number of others. 'Gabriele' (1818), 'Ifigenia,' 'Berenice,' etc., etc., were produced in Italy, but he was equally successful in Vienna and in Paris. In the latter city he made his début with 'Le Solitaire,' Aug. 17, 1822, which long remained extraordinarily popular. In 27 he took up his residence in Paris, and brought out 'La Violette,' [App. p.579 adds "Oct. 1828"] 'La fiancée de Lammermoor,' 'Masaniello' (Dec. 27, 1827, evidently written in competition with Auber's 'Muette,' Feb. 29, 1828), 'La prison d'Edimbourg,' etc. These operas, and many others, were very popular, notwithstanding the immense counter attractions of Auber and Rossini. This they owe more to an easy flow of melody and natural unaffected instrumentation than to any original character, and in consequence they have now fallen into oblivion. As a composer for the pianoforte Carafa was almost equally the fashion, and at Cherubini's instance he was made Professor of Composition in the Conservatoire shortly after his arrival in Paris, a post which he was still filling in 1876 [App. p.579 to "where he died, July 26, 1872"]. In 1837 he was elected a member of the Académie des beaux arts.
[ G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Caporale, Andrea

From volume 1 of the work.
[ G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Caraccio, Giovanni

From volume 1 of the work.
​CARACCIO, Giovanni, was born at Bergamo about the middle of the 16th century. He was at first a singer in the private choir of the Elector of Bavaria. Having quitted this service he spent some years at Rome and at Venice, and then returned to his native place, where he was appointed Maestro at the cathedral. He held this post for twenty-three years, when he migrated to Santa Maria Maggiore at Rome, remaining there until his death in 1626. He was one of those fourteen composers of different nations who showed their appreciation of Palestrina's genius by dedicating to him a volume of Psalms to which each had contributed. [ Palestrina.] His published works are:—Magnificat omnitonum, pars 1; Venice 1581. Magnificat omnitonum, pars 2; Venice 1582. Madrigali a 5 voci, lib. 1; Venice 1583. Musica a 5 voci da sonare; id. 1585. Dialogo à 7 voci nel, lib. 1, di Madrigali di Claudio da Correggio; Milan 1588. Madrigali a 5 voci, lib. 2; Venice 1589. Salmi di compieta con le antifone della Vergine, ed otto falsi bordoni a 5 voci; Venice 1591. Salmi a cinque per tutti i vesperi dell' anno, con alcuni hymni, mottetti, e falsi bordoni accommodati ancora a voci di donne; Venice 1593. Madrigali a 5 voci, lib. 4; Venice 1594. Salmi a cinque; Venice 1594. Madrigali a 5 voci, lib. 5; Venice 1597. Canzoni francesci a quattro; Venice 1597. Canzonette a tre; Venice 1598. Madrigali a 5 voci, lib. 6; Venice 1599. Messe per i defonti a quattro e cinque, con motetti; Milan 1611.
[ E. H. P. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Capriccio

From volume 1 of the work.
[ E. P. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Capuletti ed i Montecchi, I

From volume 1 of the work.
[ G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Caradori-Allan, Maria

From volume 1 of the work.
​CARADORI-ALLAN, Maria Caterina Rosalbina, née de Munck, was born in 1800 in the Casa Palatina at Milan. Her father, the Baron de Munck, was an Alsacian, and had been a colonel in the French army. Mlle. Munck's musical education was completed entirely by her mother, without assistance. Her father's death obliged her to avail herself of her gifts in order to support herself. Having attempted the stage in the course of a tour through France and part of Germany, she took her mother's family name of Caradori, and accepted an engagement in London in 1822. She made her début on Jan. 12 at the King's Theatre as Cherubino. 'It may be observed,' says Lord Mount-Edgcumbe, 'as an odd coincidence that Pasta, Vestris, and Caradori all have acted the Page in Le Nozze di Figaro, and none more successfully than the last, who by accident, not choice, made her début in that part; and it proved fortunate for her, as her charming manner of performing it laid the foundation of her subsequent favour.' She sang afterwards in 'La Clemenza di Tito,' 'Elisa e Claudio,' and 'Corradino,' as prima donna; and in 1834, as seconda donna, in 'Il Fanatico', with Catalani. She continued engaged through 1823 and 24; and in the latter year took her benefit in 'Don Giovanni.' In 25 she sang the second part in 'L'Adelina' of Generali, with Mad. Ronzi de Begnis as prima donna, showing thereby her great good nature. The same year, she played Fatima in Rossini's 'Pietro l'eremita,' ​and chose 'Così fan tutte' for her benefit; and at Velluti's début in 'Il crociate,' Mme. Caradori sang the first woman's part, distinguishing herself particularly in the duet 'Il tenero affetto' with the musico. In 1826, though still belonging to the company, she was removed for the purpose of introducing Bonini, who was better suited as a foil for Velluti; and Caradori, when she re-appeared in 'La Donna del Lago,' was received with joy by the public. She sang also in the 'Barbiere' and in 'Romeo e Giulietta;' and took her benefit in ' Le Nozze,' as Susanna. [App. p.579 adds that "she sang in the Ninth Symphony of Beethoven on its production at the Philharmonic, March 21, 1825."]
[ J. M. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Cardarelli, Signora

From volume 1 of the work.
[ J. M. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Capriccietto

From volume 1 of the work.
[ E. P. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Cardon, Louis

From volume 1 of the work.
[ M. C. C. ]
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Kiàng
### Kiàng.
#### 畺$^1$

    A boundary; limit; to draw a limit.

#### 僵$^1$

    To lie down; stretched out; prostate.

#### 殭$^1$

    Remaining uncorrupted after death.

#### 韁$^1$

    A bridle or halter

#### 疆$^1$

    A limit; boundary; to fix a boundary.

#### 姜$^1$

    A famous surname.

#### 羗$^1$

    Western barbarians; shepherds; contrary; violent; gay.

#### 強$^2$

    To force one's self to do; to use force.

#### 襁$^2$

    The cloth used by females to bind infants on their back.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Kiok
### Kiok.
#### 掬$^4$

    To take hold of with both hands; a double handful.

#### 鞠$^4$跼$^4$鞫$^4$

    To bear; train up; small; young; an awl; to investigate fully; exhaust a subject; to question a criminal.

#### 麴$^4$

    A ferment for making vinegar; mother.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Kip
### Kip.
#### 及$^{-4}$

    To extend to; have reference to; connect with; concerning; and; at; to.

#### 急$^4$

    Urgent; pressing; without resource; anxious; embarrassed.

#### 給$^4$

    To give; supply; provide; to give opportunity.

#### 跲$^4$

    For; instead of; to stumble.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Kiu
### Kiu.
#### 球$^{-1}$

    A sonorous stone; a globe; a sphere.

#### 毬$^{-1}$

    A ball to play with; a kind of silk or cloth; staff; lamp.

#### 絿$^{-1}$

    Hurried; pressed; urgent; precipitate.

#### 玖$^2$

    A precious stone of inferior value and black color; nine.

#### 紏$^2$

    A threefold cord; to combine; head a conspiracy; to examine into; prohibit.

#### 赳$^2$

    Possessing talents and strength; martial.

#### 晷$^2$

    A dial; a gnomon to show the declination of the sun; a day.

#### 柩$^{-3}$

    A body laid in its coffin. ​

#### 疚$^{-3}$

    Poor and diseased; chronic disease; perverse.

#### 咎$^{-3}$

    Error; crime; quarrel, to hate wickedness; to judgements of heaven; hate.

#### 鼛$^{-3}$

    A large drum twelve cubits long; to beat a drum.

#### 究$^{3-}$

    To search; device; investigate; to push to the utmost; finally; to hate.

#### 救$^{3-}$

    To assist; protect; rescue; save; to prohibit; prevent.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Kin
### Kin.
#### 緊$^2$

    Pressing; urgent; strict; to bind or tie tight.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Kio
### Kio.
#### 嘐$^1$

    Boasting; alarm or surprise; the crowing of a cook.

#### 嬌$^1$

    Delicate tender; elegant; to bring up delicately.

#### 驕$^1$

    A wild horse; ungovernable; proud; self confident.

#### 噭$^2$

    To call out loud; a vociferating noise.

#### 繳$^2$

    To deliver up; give to a superior; a wrapper.

#### 敿$^2$

    To bind together.

#### 矯$^2$

    To straighten; rectify; also used for false; assuming.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Kiong
### Kiong.
#### 恭$^{-1}$

    Serious, respectful; reverential; affable; cordial.

#### 躬$^1$

    The body; one's own person or self.

#### 㓋$^2$

    Congealed; coagulated.

#### 拱$^2$

    To raise the hands united, as in salutation; to take with both hands.

#### 龔$^2$

    To give; present to; supply with; respectful.

#### 共$^{3-}$

    To give or supply with.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Kim
### Kim.
#### 今$^{-1}$

    Now; the present time.

#### 金$^{-1}$

    Gold; metal; firm; hard.

#### 錦$^2$

    Ornamented or variegated silk.

#### 妗$^{-3}$

    A wife's brothers and sisters; female gaiety and levity.

#### 禁$^{3-}$

    To prevent; prohibit; guard against; be careful; prison.

#### 噤$^{3-}$

    To stop the mouth; not to utter angry feelings.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Kit
### Kit.
#### 吉$^4$

    Good; happy; fortunate; lucky; happiness.

#### 劼$^4$

    Endeavor; effort; firm; determined.

#### 拮$^4$

    To urge; perplex; embarrassed; distressed.

#### 桔$^4$

    A species of orange; the mandarin orange.

#### 碣$^4$

    A rock standing alone in the sea; a stone tablet.

#### 橘$^4$

    Name of a fruit of the orange species.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Kiá
### Kiá.
#### 脚$^1$

    To foot; foundation; bottom of anything.

#### 豈$^2$

    How? implying the opposite or a denial of a proposition.

#### 巧$^2$

    Skill; ingenuity; skillful; craft; artifice; a genius.

#### 扣$^{3-}$

    To strike; to knock; strike out; deduct.
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Clicquot, François

From volume 1 of the work.
[ M. C. C. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Clemens non Papa

From volume 1 of the work.
[ G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Clement, Johann

From volume 1 of the work.
[ M. C. C. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Clifford, James

From volume 1 of the work.
[ W. H. H. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Clerini

From volume 1 of the work.
[ J. M. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Clifton, John

[ W. B. S. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Clegg, John

From volume 1 of the work.
[ P. D. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Clemenza di Tito, La

From volume 1 of the work.
[ G. ]
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Wall

See also Wall on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, walle, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wág or wáh), a solid structure of stone, brick or other material, used as a defensive, protecting, enclosing or dividing fence, or as the enclosing and supporting sides of a building, house or room. The Roman vallum was an earth rampart with stakes or palisades (vallus, stake; Gr. ἧλος, nail) and the Old English word was particularly applied to such earth walls; for the remains of the Roman walls in Britain see Britain. The word, however, was also applied to stone defensive walls, for which the Latin word was murus. The history of the wall as a means of defence will be found in the article Fortification and Siegecraft, the architectural and constructional side under the headings Architecture, Masonry and Brickwork. In anatomy and zoology the term “wall,” and also the Latin term paries, is used for an investing or enclosing structure, as in “cell-walls,” walls of the abdomen, &c. In the days when footpaths were narrow and ill-paved or non-existent in the streets of towns and when the gutters were often overflowing with water and filth, the side nearest to the wall of the bordering houses was safest and cleanest, and hence to walk on that side was a privilege, hence the expressions “to take” or “to give the wall.” The term “wall-rib” is given in architecture to a half-rib bedded in the wall, to carry the web or shell of the vault. In Roman and in early Romanesque work the web was laid on the top of the stone courses of the wall, which had been cut to the arched form, but as this was often irregularly done, and as sometimes the courses had sunk owing to the drying of the mortar, it was found better to provide an independent rib to carry the web; half of this rib was sunk in the wall and the other half moulded like the transverse and diagonal ribs, so that if the wall sank, or if it had to be taken down from any cause, the vault would still retain its position.
The word “wall eye” or “wall-eyed” is applied to a condition of the eye, particularly of a horse, in which there is a large amount of white showing or there is absence of colour in the iris, or there is leucoma of the cornea. It is also applied to the white staring eyes of certain fishes. The word has no connexion with “wall” as above, but is from the Icelandic vagleygr, vagl, a beam, sty in the eye, and eygr, eyed.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Wallace, Lewis

See also Lew Wallace on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​WALLACE, LEWIS [Lew] (1827–1905), American soldier and author, was born at Brookville, Indiana, on the 10th of April 1827, and received an academic education. He abandoned temporarily the study of law in Indianapolis to recruit a company of volunteers (of which he was made second lieutenant) for the Mexican War, and served in 1846–1847 in the First Indiana Battery. He returned to the law, but at the beginning of the Civil War became colonel of the Eleventh Indiana Infantry, served in the West Virginia campaign, and on the 3rd of September 1861 was appointed brigadier-general. After the capture of Fort Donelson (February 16, 1862) he was promoted to major-general (March 21, 1862), was engaged at Shiloh (April 7, 1862), and afterwards commanded the Eighth Corps ​with headquarters at Baltimore. By delaying the Confederate general J. A. Early at Monocacy (July 9, 1864) he saved Washington from almost certain capture. General Wallace served as president of the court of inquiry (November 1862) which investigated the conduct of General D. C. Buell, and of the court which in 1865 tried and condemned Henry Wirz, commander of the Confederate prison at Andersonville, Ga. He was also a member of the court which tried the alleged conspirators against President Lincoln. He resigned from the army in 1865 to return to the bar. He served as governor of New Mexico Territory (1878–1881) and as minister to Turkey (1881–1885). Though exceedingly popular as a lecturer, his literary reputation rests upon three historical romances: The Fair God (1873), a story of the conquest of Mexico; Ben Hur (1880), a tale of the coming of Christ, which was translated into several languages and dramatized; and The Prince of India (1893), dealing with the Wandering Jew and the Byzantine empire.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Wallace, Sir Richard

See also Sir Richard Wallace, 1st Baronet on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​WALLACE, SIR RICHARD, Bart. (1818–1890), English art collector and philanthropist, was born in London on the 26th of July 1818. According to Sir Walter Armstrong (see Dict. of National Biography, art. “Wallace”), he was a natural son of Maria, marchioness of Hertford (wife of the third marquess), under whose auspices the boy was educated, mainly at Paris; but it was generally supposed in his lifetime that he was a son of the fourth marquess (his elder by only eighteen years), and therefore her grandson. At Paris he was well known in society, and became an assiduous collector of all sorts of valuable objets d'art, but in 1857 these were sold and Wallace devoted himself to assisting the fourth marquess, who left London to reside entirely in Paris, to acquire a magnificent collection of the finest examples of painting, armour, furniture and bric-à-brac. In 1870 the marquess of Hertford died unmarried, bequeathing to Wallace an enormous property, including Hertford House and its contents, the house in Paris, and large Irish estates. Pending the reopening of Hertford House, which had been shut up since the marquess had gone to live in Paris, Wallace sent some of the finest of his pictures and other treasures to the Bethnal Green Museum for exhibition; they were then transferred to Hertford House, which had been largely transformed in order to receive them. In 1871 he was created a baronet for his services during the siege of Paris, when he equipped several ambulances, founded the Hertford British hospital, and spent money lavishly in relief. This munificence endeared Sir Richard Wallace to the French people. From 1873 to 1885 he had a seat in parliament for Lisburn, but he lived mostly in Paris, where, in the Rue Laffitte and in his villa in the Bois de Boulogne, he dwelt among art treasures not inferior to those at Hertford House. In 1878 he was made one of the British commissioners at the Paris Exhibition, and he was also a trustee of the National Gallery and a governor of the National Gallery of Ireland. He died in Paris on the 20th of July 1890. He had married in 1871 the daughter of a French officer, by whom he had a son, who, however, died in 1887; and Lady Wallace, who died in 1897, bequeathed his great art collection to the British nation. It is now housed in Hertford House, Manchester Square, which was acquired and adapted by the government for the purpose.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Wallace, William (Scottish mathematician)

See also William Wallace (mathematician) on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​WALLACE, WILLIAM (1768–1843), Scottish mathematician, was born on the 23rd of September 1768 at Dysart in Fifeshire, where he received his school education. In 1784 his family removed to Edinburgh, where he himself was set to learn the trade of a bookbinder; but his taste for mathematics had already developed itself, and he made such use of his leisure hours that before the completion of his apprenticeship he had made considerable acquirements in geometry, algebra and astronomy. He was further assisted in his studies by John Robison (1739–1805) and John Playfair, to whom his abilities had become known. After various changes of situation, dictated mainly by a desire to gain time for study, he became assistant teacher of mathematics in the academy of Perth in 1794, and this post he exchanged in 1803 for a mathematical mastership in the Royal Military College at Great Marlow (afterwards at Sandhurst). In 1819 he was chosen to succeed John Leslie in the chair of mathematics at Edinburgh, and in 1838, when compelled by ill-health to retire, he received a government pension for life. He died in Edinburgh on the 28th of April 1843.
In his earlier years Wallace was an occasional contributor to Leybourne's Mathematical Repository and the Gentleman's Mathematical Companion. Between 1801 and 1810 he contributed articles on “Algebra,” “Conic Sections,” “Trigonometry,” and several others in mathematical and physical science to the fourth edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica, and some of these were retained in subsequent editions from the fifth to the eighth inclusive. He was also the author of the principal mathematical articles in the Edinburgh Encyclopaedia, edited by David Brewster (1808–1830). He also contributed many important papers to the Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
See Transactions of the Roy. Ast. Soc., 1844.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Wallaby

See also Wallaby on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​WALLABY, a native name, used in literature for any member of a section of the zoological genus Macropus, with naked muffle, frequenting forests and dense scrubs. With respect to their size they are distinguished as large wallabies and small wallabies, some of the latter being no bigger than a rabbit. From the localities in which they are found they are also called brush kangaroos. See Kangaroo.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Walla Walla

* related portals: Washington.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, travel guide, Wikidata item.
See also Walla Walla, Washington on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​WALLA WALLA, a city and the county-seat of Walla Walla county, Washington, U.S.A., in the S.E. part of the state, on Mill Creek, about 200 m. S. by W. of Spokane. Pop. (1880) 3588; (1890) 4709; (1900) 10,049, of whom 1522 were foreign-born; (1910 census) 19,364. Walla Walla is served by the Northern Pacific and the Oregon Railroad & Navigation Co.'s (Union Pacific) railways, and by an inlet urban electric line. In the city are a state penitentiary, Fort Walla Walla (a U.S. cavalry post), a Federal Land Office, a Young Men's Christian Association building, a Carnegie library, the State Odd Fellows' Home, and the Stubblefield Home for Widows and Orphans. Sessions of Federal District and Circuit courts are held here. Walla Walla is the seat of Whitman College (chartered, 1859; opened, 1866; rechartered, 1883), originally Congregational, but now non-sectarian, which was founded by the Rev. Cushing Eells and was named in honour of Marcus Whitman, and includes a college, a conservatory of music and a preparatory academy, and occupies a campus of 30 acres; and of Walla Walla College (Adventist). Here are also St Paul's School (Protestant Episcopal) for girls, and St Vincent's Academy for girls and De La Salle Academy for boys (both Roman Catholic). The city is situated in a farming (especially wheat-growing), stock-raising and fruit-growing region, is a distributing centre for the adjacent territory in Washington, Oregon and Idaho, and has a large wholesale business. Among its manufactures are flour and grist-mill products, agricultural implements, lumber, foundry and machine-shop products, leather and malted liquors. The value of the factory product in 1905 was $1,485,791, 54.1% more than in 1900. The municipality owns its waterworks. In 1836 the famous missionary, Marcus Whitman, established at Waiilatpu, about 5 m. W. of the present Walla Walla, a mission of the American Board (Congregational), which in 1847 was broken up by an Indian attack, Whitman, his wife and twelve others being massacred, and the other residents being carried off as prisoners. In 1857 Fort Walla Walla was built by the United States government on the site of the present city, and about it a settlement grew up in 1857-1858. Walla Walla was laid out and organized as a town, and became the county seat in 1859; in 1862 it was chartered as a city. The name “Walla Walla” is said to be a Nez Percé Indian term meaning “a rapid stream.”
See W. D. Lyman, An Illustrated History of Walla Walla County, State of Washington (1901).