OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Attendoli, (Margaret de)

ATTENDOLI, (MARGARET DE) a Neapolitan Lady of the Fourth Century, Wife of Michael de Cotignola, and Sister of the great Sforza, founder of the House of the Sforzas, Dukes of Milan.
Of obscure birth and situation, this family seemed all to inherit the same heroic spirit. When James, count de la Marche, came to espouse the queen of Naples, Sforza, then grand-constabie, was sent to meet him; but that prince threw him, his relations, and suite into prison, thinking by this means to attain, with more ease, the tyrannic power, which he afterwards assumed. When the news of Sforza's arrest arrived, his sister, with her husband, and many relations who had served with honour in his troops, were at Tricarico. They assembled an army, of which Margaret took the command. The ill-treatment the queen experienced from her new husband, soon made the revolt general, and he was at length besieged in a castle, where the conditions proposed to him were, to be contented with the title of lieutenant-general of the kingdom, and give Sforza his liberty. Knowing the value of this hostage, he sent deputies to Margaret, menacing him with instant death, if Tricarico, was not given up to him. Anxious for her brother, but indignant at the proposition, she instantly formed the resolution of imprisoning the deputies, whose families, alarmed for their safety, ceased not to intercede, till the count consented to set Sforza and his friends at liberty, and to re-instate him in his former situation.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Aubesbine, (Madeleine de l')

AUBESBINE, (MADELEINE DE L') a French Lady of great Wit and Beauty, Wife of Nicholas de Neuville, Lord of Villeroi, Died on her own demesne, in 1596.
This lady, whose works were never printed, was ​highly extolled by the great men of the day, particularly by Ronsard. She translated, in verse, the epistles of Ovid, and wrote a great many original pieces.
F. C. &c.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Ballon, (Louisa-Blanche Teresa de)

BALLON, (LOUISA-BLANCHE TERESA DE) Foundress of the Order of the reformed Bernardine Nuns, and of many other religious Establishments in France and Savoy. Born in 1591, at Vauchi near Geneva, died 1668, aged 77,
Was daughter of a gentleman of the bedchamber to Charles Emanuel, duke of Savoy. She was early devoted, by her parents, to a religious life; at seven years of age, being sent to a convent, where a relation was the superior, and where she took the habit of the order. St. Frances de Sales, who was of her family, contributed not a little to increase her zeal. She soon became interested in reforming the rules and manners of religious establishments, which, according to her notions of self-denial and mortification, were not sufficiently severe. She was elected abbess at Rumilli, a little town in Savoy, and afterwards obtained permission to name her new order, ’Daughters of Providence.’ She travelled to different monasteries, spreading every where her new regulations, which were sometimes adopted by others: but she was much hurt by the republication of her institutions by a Parisian abbess, who ventured to make some alterations, whether judicious or otherwise cannot be said; but Louisa Ballon was much displeased at it.
F. C.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Barbier, (Marianne)

BARBIER, (MARIANNE) a learned French Lady, born at Orleans; died 1745,
Was early distinguished for her attachment to literature; and her poetical productions, which showed great fertility of genius, and were composed in a pleasing and elegant stile. She wrote much; two of her odes, one, on Wisdom, and the other on Beauty, are highly esteemed. Encouraged by success, she fixed her residence at Paris, and began to write for the theatre. Her plays, though not of the first order, were applauded by the public. They consisted of five tragedies, a comedy, and three musical pieces. The first were Arria ​and Pœtus, represented in 1702; Cornelia, Mother of the Gracchi, in 1703; Tomyris, in 1707, and the Death of Cæsar; the fifth, named Joseph, was never either performed or printed. Her comedy, le Falcon, was brought forward in 1719. The three operas were les Fêtes de l’Ete; le Jugement de Paris; and les Plaisirs de la Campagne,
The friendship which subsisted between Mademoiselle Barbier and l’Abbe Pellegrin, made her enemies attribute her theatrical works to him. But as her wit and poetical talents were before conspicuous, there is no reason to suppose her incapable of writing them; and their success with the public, with their number, rendered it improbable the real author sacrificed them to her.
F.C.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Athyrte

ATHYRTE, Daughter of Sesostris, King of Egypt,
Was skilled in all the learning of the times, particularly in astronomy, as it was then understood by the Magi. She encouraged her father to pursue the chimerical project of conquering the world, by assuring him of success from her divinations, from her dreams in the temples, and from the prodigies she had seen in the air.
Alexander's History of Women.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Aunoy

AUNOY, or AULNOY (MARIA CATHARINE DE BERNEVILLE, COUNTESS D') Died at Paris, 1705, aged 50.
This singular and celebrated lady was the daughter of Monsieur Jumel de Barneville, descended from one the best families in Normandy, who had served in the army with great reputation. Her mother was also of distinguished birth; but, being left a widow when very young, she married the marquis de Gadaigne, and spent the remainder of her days at Madrid, where she had obtained a considerable pension of Charles II. which was continued to her by Philip V. Her daughter, who married the count d'Aulnoy, is described as a woman whose amiable character, great talents, and lively turn of conversation, made her society sought for with avidity; nothing escaped her penetration. Whatever was the subject of conversation, her opinion was always given with judgment and precision; she wrote with astonishing facility: a strong proof of which are the number of volumes which she published. The account she gives of her travels in Spain, is written with a great deal of spirit, character, and incident. In her Memoires de la Cour d'Espagne, she relates every circumstance worthy of observation that passed at the court of Charles the Second. Les Memoires de la Cour d'Angleterre, likewise relates some singular anecdotes which happened in the reign of our Charles the Second; but as it does not appear she ​ever was in England, they are, most likely, chiefly from report and invention, which the intriguing spirit then prevalent gave sufficient grounds for. Her Memoires Historiques of Europe, from 1672 to 1679, are part fiction, and part truth. Her romances are still read with interest—They are Adventures of Hypolytus, Earl of Douglas; an historical one of John de Bourbon, Prince of Carency, 1692, and Tales of the Fairies, in 4 vols. Her daughter. Madam de Heere, likewise wrote with applause in prose and verse.
Memoirs of French Ladies by Mrs. Thickness.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Baat, (Catherine)

BAAT, (CATHERINE) a learned Swedish Lady of the 17th Century,
Who wrote genealogical tables of distinguished families, ornamented and painted by herself; in which she has rectified the faults of a former genealogist. This work is highly spoken of by the literati of Sweden, but has not been made public.
F. C.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Barbe

BARBE, a Virgin and Martyr of Nicomedia, in Asia Minor, flourished in the Reign of Maximin.
Her father was a Pagan, rich and of illustrious birth. To beauty, Barbe joined fine taste and a cultivated mind, which felt dissatisfaction at the fables ​imposed on her belief. Scorning idols, and zealous to know the Creator of all things, she learned that a wise man of Alexandria, named Origen, preached an only and true God. Filled with joy at the news, she wrote to him secretly, to engage him to instruct her in the religion he professed. His answer, brought by a priest named Valentine, so satisfied her mind, that she was baptized by him. With the advantages she possessed, she was sought in marriage by the most distinguished young men in the city; and Dioscorus, her father, one day told her, it was time to think of changing her situation: but she prayed him not to constrain her to make a choice, observing that she would rather die: she then discovered her religion to him, and spoke with contempt of Paganism. Irritated at the discovery, her father himself denounced her as a Christian; and, after her experiencing the most cruel and barbarous punishment, he is reported to have himself severed her head from her body.
F. C.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Barnes

BARNES—See BERNERS.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Tisio, Benvenuto

See also Benvenuto Tisi on Wikipedia; Benvenuto Tisio in the 9th edition; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​TISIO (or Tisi), BENVENUTO (1481–1559), commonly called Il Garofalo, Italian painter of the Ferrarese school, was born in ​1481 at Garofolo, in the Ferrarese territory, and constantly used the gillyflower (garofalo) as a symbol with which to sign his pictures. He took to drawing in childhood, and was put to study under Domenico Panetti (or Laneto), and afterwards at Cremona under his maternal uncle Niccolo Soriani, a painter who died in 1499; he also frequented the school of Boccaccio Boccaccino. He stayed fifteen months with Giovanni Baldini in Rome, acquiring a solid style of draughtsmanship, and was two years with Lorenzo Costa at Mantua. He then entered the service of the marquis Francesco Gonzaga. Afterwards he went to Ferrara, and worked there four years. Attracted by Raphael’s fame, and invited by a Ferrarese gentleman, Geronimo Sagrato, he again removed to Rome, and found the great painter very amicable; here he stayed two years, rendering some assistance in the Vatican frescoes. From Rome family affairs recalled him to Ferrara; there Duke Alphonso I. commissioned him to execute paintings, along with the Dossi, in the Villa di Belriguardo and in other palaces. Thus the style of Tisio partakes of the Lombard, the Roman and the Venetian modes. He painted extensively in Ferrara, both in oil and in fresco, two of his principal works being the “Massacre of the Innocents” (1519), in the church of S. Francesco, and the “Betrayal of Christ” (1524), accounted his masterpiece. For the former he made clay models for study and a lay figure, and executed everything from nature. He continued constantly at work until in 1550 blindness overtook him, painting on all feast-days in monasteries for the love of God. He had married at the age of forty-eight, and died at Ferrara on the 6th (or 16th) of September 1559, leaving two children.
Garofalo combined sacred inventions with some very familiar details. A certain archaism of style, with a strong glow of colour, suffices to distinguish from the true method of Raphael even those pictures in which he most closely resembles the great master—this sometimes very closely; but the work of Garofalo is seldom free from a certain trim pettiness of feeling and manner. He was a friend of Giulio Romano, Giorgione, Titian and Ariosto; in a picture of “Paradise” he painted Ariosto between St Catherine and St Sebastian. In youth he was fond of lute-playing and also of fencing. He ranks among the best of the Ferrarese painters; his leading pupil was Girolamo Carpi. The “Adoration of the Magi," in the church of San Giorgio near Ferrara, and a “Peter Martyr," in the Dominican church. Ferrara (sometimes assumed to have been done in rivalry of Titian), are among his principal works not already mentioned. The National Gallery, London, contains four, one of them being a Madonna and Christ enthroned, with St Francis and three other saints.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Tista

See also Teesta River on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​TISTA, a river of northern India, which rises on the edge of the Tibetan plateau, and flows through the mountain gorges of Sikkim and Darjeeling, till it spills itself over the plain of Eastern Bengal. In the 18th century its course was due south to join the Ganges; but in 1787 great floods diverted the stream towards the south-east, and it now enters the Brahmaputra, the whole district of Rangpur being scored by various interlacing channels. Its total length in British territory is about 170 m.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Tissaphernes

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​TISSAPHERNES (Pers. Cithrafarna), Persian soldier and statesman, son of Hydarnes. In 413 he was satrap of Lydia and Caria, and commander in chief of the Persian army in Asia Minor (Thuc. viii. 5). When Darius II. ordered the collection of the outstanding tribute of the Greek cities, he entered into an alliance with Sparta against Athens, which in 412 led to the conquest of the greater part of Ionia. But Tissaphernes was unwilling to take action and tried to achieve his aim by astute and often perfidious negotiations; Alcibiades persuaded him that Persia’s best policy was to keep the balance between Athens and Sparta, and rivalry with his neighbour Pharnabazus of Hellespontic Phrygia still further lessened his energy. When, therefore, in 408 the king decided to support Sparta strenuously, Tissaphernes was removed from the generalship and limited to the satrapy of Caria, whereas Lydia and the conduct of the war were entrusted to Cyrus the Younger. On the downfall of Athens, Cyrus and Tissaphernes both claimed jurisdiction over the Ionian cities, most of which acknowledged Cyrus as their ruler; but Tissaphernes took possession of Miletus, where he was attacked by Cyrus, who gathered an army under this pretence with the purpose of using it against his brother Artaxerxes II. The king was warned by Tissaphernes, who took part in the battle of Cunaxa, and afterwards tried to destroy the Greek mercenaries of Cyrus by treachery. He was then sent back to Asia Minor to his old position as general in chief and satrap of Lydia and Caria. He now attacked the Greek cities, to punish them for their allegiance to Cyrus. This led to the war with Sparta in 399. Tissaphernes, who once again had recourse to subtle diplomacy, was beaten by Agesilaus on the Pactolus near Sardis (395); and at last the king yielded to the representations of Pharnabazus, strongly supported by the chili arch (vizier) Tithraustes and by the queen-mother Parysatis, who hated Tissaphernes as the principal cause of the death of her favourite son Cyrus. Tithraustes was sent to execute Tissaphernes, who was lured to Colossae and slain in 395. (Ed. M.)
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Tissot, James Joseph Jacques

See also James Tissot on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​TISSOT, JAMES JOSEPH JACQUES (1836–1902), French painter, was born at Nantes on the 15th of October 1836. He studied at the École des Beaux Arts in Paris under Ingres, Flandrin and Lamothe, and exhibited in the Salon for the first time at the age of twenty-three. In 1861 he showed “The Meeting of Faust and Marguerite,” which was purchased by the state for the Luxembourg Gallery. His first characteristic period made him a painter of the charms of women. Demimondaine would be more accurate as a description of the series of studies which he called La Femme à Paris. He fought ​in the Franco-German War, and, falling under suspicion as a Communist, left Paris for London. Here he studied etching with Sir Seymour Haden, drew caricatures for Vanity Fair, and painted portraits as well as genre subjects. It was many years before he turned to the chief labour of his career-the production of a series of 700 water-colour drawings to illustrate the life of Christ and the Old Testament. Some sudden shock or bereavement was said to have turned his thoughts from ideals of the café and the boulevard into a more serious channel. He disappeared from Paris, whither he had returned after a stay of some years in England, and went to Palestine. In 1895 the series of 350 drawings of incidents in the life of Christ was exhibited in Paris, and the following year found them on show in London. They were then published by the firm of Lemercier in Paris, who had paid him 1,100,000 francs for them. After this he turned to the scenes of the Old Testament, upon which he was still engaged at the abbey of Buillon, in the department of Doubs, France, when he died on the 8th of August 1902. The merits of Tissot’s Bible illustrations lay rather in the care with which he studied the details of scenery than in any quality of religious emotion. He seemed to aim, above all, at accuracy, and, in his figures, at a vivid realism, which was far removed from the conventional treatment of sacred types.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Tissue

See also Tissue on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​TISSUE (Fr. tissu, tissue, participle of tisser, Lat. texere, to weave), properly the name of a fine textile fabric interwoven with gold and silver threads, hence used of any delicate or gauzy fabric (see Gold and Silver Thread). It was also early applied, as in French, to a ribbon, fillet or various forms of woven ligaments. In biology the word is of general use for an aggregate of cells forming a texture or fabric; in animal anatomy it is thus applied to the primary layers of which the parts are composed, and named by some qualifying word denoting its substance or its use (see Connective Tissue and Epithelial, Endothelial and Glandular Tissue).
# A Changed Man, The Waiting Supper and Other Tales

A CHANGED MAN
AND OTHER TALES
WITH ONE HAND HE WAS TIGHTLY GRASPING HIS FOREHEAD, THE OTHER HUNG OVER HIS KNEE
A CHANGED MAN
THE WAITING SUPPER AND OTHER TALES
CONCLUDING WITH
THE ROMANTIC ADVENTURES OF A MILKMAID
BY
THOMAS HARDY
HARPER & BROTHERS PUBLISHERS NEW YORK AND LONDON MCMXIII
COPYRIGHT, 1893, 1900, 1913, BY HARPER & BROTHERS
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PUBLISHED OCTOBER, 1913 K-N
PREFATORY NOTE
I reprint in this volume, for what they may be worth, a dozen minor novels that have been published in the periodical press at various dates in the past, in order to render them accessible to readers who desire to have them in the complete series issued by my publishers. For aid in reclaiming some of the narratives I express my thanks to the proprietors and editors of the newspapers and magazines in whose pages they first appeared.
T. H.
August 1913.
CONTENTS
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Sequester, Vibius

See also Vibius Sequester on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
SEQUESTER, VIBIUS (4th or 5th century, A.D.), the supposed author of an alphabetical list of geographical names occurring in the Roman poets, with special reference to Virgil, Ovid and Lucan. Several of the names given cannot be traced; unless this is the result of carelessness or ignorance, the compiler must have had access to sources no longer extant.
Editions by C. Bursian (Zürich, 1867), and in A. Riese, Geographi Latini minores (1878); see also Teuffel, Hist. of Roman Literature (Eng. trans., 1900), 445, 1.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Seraphim

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​SERAPHIM, the imaginary supernatural guardians of the threshold of Yahweh’s sanctuary, only mentioned in Isa. vi. (Isaiah’s vision). Their form is not described, but they have not only six wings (verse 2), but hands (verse 6) and feet (verse 2). They are of colossal height, for they overtop Him who is seated on the high throne; and with a voice that shakes the thresholds they proclaim the Trisagion, like the four “ living creatures ” (cf. Cherubim) in Rev. iv. 6-8. Probably in the lost Hebrew text of Enoch xx. 7 “ seraphim ” stood where the Ethiopic and the Greek give “ the serpents ” or “ the dragons ”; Paradise, serpents and cherubim are here made subject to Gabriel. In late Jewish writings, more recognized than “ Enoch,” they are classed among the celestial with the cherubim and the 'ophannim (“ wheels,” cf. Ezek. i.). Now as to their origin and significance. They may originally have had a serpent form, for it is difficult not to regard “ seraphim ” as originally (as in Num. xxi. 8)= “ serpents ”; cf. also the flying serpents of Israelitish folklore in Isa. xiv. 29. If so, Isaiah has transformed and ennobled these supernatural guardians of sacred things and persons. The “ Nehushtan ” broken in pieces under Hezekiah (2 Kings xviii. 4) may have given an impulse to the prophet"s imagination. Was it not a greater thing to ennoble them than to destroy their artistic representation? There is no precise Babylonian or Egyptian equivalent, though attempts have been made to produce points of contact with Babylonian or Egyptian beliefs.
See further Enc. Bib. “ Seraphim,” and cf. Duhm’s Jesaia, ed. 2 (1902), on Isa. vi. (T. K. C.)