OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Keith, Alexander (d.1819)

​KEITH, ALEXANDER (d. 1819), founder of the Keith prize, was the son of Alexander Keith (1705–1792), an under-clerk in the court of session, by Johanna, third daughter of John Swinton of Swinton, Peeblesshire. His father purchased Dunnottar, Kincardineshire, from the last Earl Marischal in 1766, and his grandfather, Alexander Keith, an Edinburgh writer to the signet, had acquired Ravelston, an estate once belonging to the Keiths, from Sir Archibald Primrose of Dunipace, Stirlingshire, in 1726. The family claimed descent from Alexander Keith of Pittendrum, Aberdeenshire, fourth son of the third Earl Marischal (cf. Douglas, Peerage, ed. Wood, ii. 191, 198). Robert Keith (1681–1757) [q. v.] disputed the claim of Alexander Keith of Ravelston to the headship of the Keith family in ‘A Vindication of Mr. Robert Keith, &c.’ (republished, Spottiswoode Society, 1844). Keith was brought up a writer to the signet, but interested himself in antiquarian pursuits. He was a fellow of the Philosophical and Royal Societies of Edinburgh, and of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland; he was a friend of Sir Walter Scott, who was a connection through the Swintons, and who occasionally visited him at Ravelston. Keith died at Dunnottar on 26 Feb. 1819. Scott tells a story illustrating his habitual irresolution (Lockhart, Scott, p. 479). He married, in April 1811, Margaret, youngest daughter of Laurence Oliphant of Gask, and left a son Alexander, who exercised the office of knight-marshal in 1822, when George IV visited Edinburgh, and was created a baronet on that occasion.
Keith contributed a few papers to the ‘Transactions’ of the Royal Society of Edinburgh and of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. He left by his will 1,000l. to be applied to the promotion of the interests of science, and his trustees, in a letter to Sir Walter Scott, president of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, dated 4 Dec. 1820 (cf. Transactions of the Royal Soc. of Edinb. ix. 259), announced that they had decided to devote 600l. to found a biennial prize ‘for the most important discoveries in science made in any part of the world, but communicated by the author to the Royal Society of Edinburgh, and published for the first time in their “Transactions.”’ Among those who have received the Keith prize have been Brewster, Boole, and Clerk Maxwell. The remainder of the bequest was applied to the foundation of the Keith prize in the Royal Society of Arts of Edinburgh.
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Keith, John

​KEITH, Sir JOHN, first Earl of Kintore (d. 1714), was the fourth son of William, sixth earl Marischal [q. v.] In 1650 Dunnottar Castle, then possessed by his brother William, seventh earl Marischal [q. v.], was selected by the Scottish estates, as a specially secure place, for the preservation of the regalia of Scotland from Cromwell's troops. The castle was soon afterwards besieged, but the wife of James Grainger, minister of Kinneff, obtained leave on some pretence to visit Mrs. Ogilvie, wife of the governor, and carried the regalia to Kinneff, where her husband con​cealed them under the flagstones of the church. Keith's mother, Lady Margaret Erskine, is said to have suggested the scheme. Keith was apprehended after the surrender of the castle, and swore that he had conveyed the regalia out of the country and delivered them to Charles II. His statement—a dangerous one for himself—was accepted, and the search for them was discontinued. For this service he was at the Restoration appointed knight marischal of Scotland, the office being made hereditary in his family. On 26 June 1677 he was also created Earl of Kintore and Lord Keith of Inverary and Keith-Hall, and named a member of the privy council. In December 1684 he was appointed treasurer depute. Kintore was one of the supporters of the union with England. He died in 1714. By his wife Lady Margaret Hamilton, daughter of Thomas, second earl of Haddington, he had a son William, second earl of Kintore, and two daughters: Jean, married to Sir William Forbes of Monymusk, Aberdeenshire, and Margaret, married to Gavin Hamilton of Raploch.
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mossop, William Stephen

​MOSSOP, WILLIAM STEPHEN (1788–1827), medallist, born in Dublin in 1788, was the son of William Mossop [q. v.], medallist. He was educated at the academy of Samuel White in Dublin, and in 1802 entered the Art Schools of the Royal Dublin Society under Francis West, the master of the figure school, who also gave him instruction privately. His first medal, that of the Incorporated Society for Charter Schools, ​ was made when he was about seventeen. In 1806 he made a medal for the Farming Society of Ireland, and in 1810 one to commemorate the fiftieth year of George III's reign. In 1813 he received the premium of the Society of Arts for the die of a school medal, and in 1814 gained its premium for a medal bearing the head of Vulcan. About 1820 he contemplated a series of forty portrait-medals of distinguished Irishmen. He completed the medal of Grattan, and nearly finished those of Ussher, Charlemont, Swift, and Sheridan. The dies of these were left unhardened, but were afterwards annealed by Mr. J. Woodhouse of Dublin, into whose possession they came. Mossop followed the method adopted by his father in designing the model for his steel dies. He used a preparation of beeswax melted and softened with turpentine, and coloured white or brown. 'He spread this tempered wax upon a piece of glass or slate, adding and working in successive portions until the design was completed.' Several of Mossop's wax models are in the possession of Dr. Frazer of Dublin, and some of his steel dies became the property of the Royal Irish Academy and of Mr. J. Woodhouse. Some designs cast in plaster also became the property of Mr. Woodhouse. In addition to his work on medals Mossop was engaged in preparing the seals of various public bodies, including the Waterford chamber of commerce, Cork Institution (1807), County of Sligo Infirmary (1813), Irish treasury, Deny corporation, Prussian consulate, and Waterford harbour commission. He also made a series of dies for the stamp office, Dublin. Mossop was secretary to the Royal Hibernian Academy from its foundation till his death, which took place in the early part of 1827, after an attack of mental aberration. Mossop wrote a short account of his father and himself, which was printed in Gilbert's 'History of Dublin,' ii. 121, ff. and Appendix. The following is a selection from Mossop's medals: Incorporated Society for Charter Schools in Ireland (unsigned); Farming Society of Ireland (signed w. s. Mossop); George III's Jubilee; Kildare Farming Society, 1813; Centenary of House of Hanover, 1814; Daniel O'Connell, 1816 (the first medallic portrait of O'Connell); Feinaglian Institution; Cork Institution, 1817; North of Ireland Society; Dublin Society medal; Sir Charles Gieseckë; Colonel Talbot; Grattan (the head on this medal was copied by the French artist, Galle; Frazer, p. 326, citing T. Moore's Diary}; Archbishop Ussher; Dean Swift; R. B. Sheridan; Lord Charlemont; Visit of George IV to Ireland. The medals are usually signed Mossop.
[Frazer's Medallists of Ireland.]
W. W.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mossman, Thomas Wimberley

​MOSSMAN, THOMAS WIMBERLEY (1826–1885), divine, born in 1826, eldest son of Robert Hume Mossman of Skipton, Yorkshire, matriculated from St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, on 17 Dec. 1845, and while an undergraduate became an adherent of the Oxford movement. He graduated B.A. in 1849, was ordained deacon in that year, and took priest's orders in 1850. He became curate of Donington-on-Bain in 1849, curate of Panton in 1852, vicar of Ranby, Lincolnshire, in 1854, and rector of East Torrington and vicar of West Torrington, near Wragby, in the same county, in 1859. He received the honorary degree of D.D. from the University of the South, U.S.A., in 1881. Becoming prominent among the leaders of the extreme ritualistic party, he waged incessant war with protestant principles. He was a member of the Order of Corporate Reunion, and it is said that he was one of its prelates, assuming the title of bishop of Selby ​(Church Times, 10 July 1885, p. 531). During his last illness he was received into the Roman catholic church by his old friend, Cardinal Manning. He died at his rectory on 6 July 1885. He had previously taken steps to resign his rectory, but the necessary legal formalities were not completed.
His works are:
* ‘A Glossary of the principal Words used in a Figurative, Typical, or Mystical Sense in the Holy Scriptures,’ London, 1854, 18mo.
* ‘Sermons,’ London, 1857, 12mo.
* ‘Ritualism in its Relation to Reunion,’ in ‘Essays on the Reunion of Christendom,’ edited by F. G. Lee, D.D., 1867.
* ‘The Primacy of St. Peter. A Translation of Cornelius à Lapide upon St. Matthew, xvi. 17–19, and St. John xxi. 15–17,’ London [1870], 8vo.
* A translation of the ‘Speculum Spirituale’ by Blosius.
* ‘A History of the Catholic Church of Jesus Christ from the Death of St. John to the middle of the Second Century,’ London, 1873, 8vo.
* ‘Epiphanius; the History of his Childhood and Youth, told by himself. A Tale of the Early Church,’ London [1874], 8vo.
* ‘A Reply to Professor Tyndall's Lucretian,’ London, 1875, 8vo.
* ‘Freedom for the Church of God; an … Appeal to my High Church Brethren,’ London, 1876, 8vo.
* ‘The Great Commentary of Cornelius à Lapide, translated … with the assistance of various scholars,’ vol. i. (Matt. i–ix) London, 1876, 8vo, vol. ii. (Matt. x–xxi) 1876, vol. iii. (Matt. xxii–xxviii, and St. Mark's Gospel complete), 1881, vol. iv. (John i–xi), 1886, vol. v (John xii–xxi, and Epistles i. ii. and iii.) 1886.
* ‘The Relations which at present exist between Church and State in England. A Letter to the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone,’ London [1883], 8vo.
* ‘A Latin Letter (with an English translation) to his Holiness Pope Leo XIII,’ London, 1884, 8vo.
[Church Times, 17 July 1885, p. 555; Crockford's Clerical Directory, 1885, p. 855; Foster's Alumni Oxon. 1715–1886, iii. 992; Lincolnshire Chron. 10 July 1885, p. 5, col. 7; Tablet, 18 July 1885, p. 103.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Motherby, George

​MOTHERBY, GEORGE, M.D. (1732–1793), medical writer, born in Yorkshire in 1732, practised as a physician at Highgate, Middlesex. He died at Beverley, Yorkshire, in the summer of 1793 (Gent. Mag. 1793, pt. ii. p. 771). He compiled 'A new Medical Dictionary,' fol. London, 1776 or 1778 (2nd edit. 1785). Other editions, carefully revised by George Wallis, M.D., appeared in 1791, 1795, and 1801; the two last issues were in two volumes.
[Reuss's Register of Authors; Watt's Bibl. Brit.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harding, John (1805-1874)

​HARDING, JOHN, D.D. (1805–1874), bishop of Bombay, son of William Harding, chief clerk in the transport office, and his wife Mary Harrison Ackland, was born in Queen Square, Bloomsbury, on 7 Jan. 1805. He was educated at Westminster School, proceeded to Worcester College, Oxford, and graduated B.A. in Michaelmas term 1826 as a third-class man in lit. human., his name appearing in the same class list with three other future bishops, Samuel Wilberforce of Oxford, Eden of Moray and Ross, and Trower of Gibraltar. In 1829 he became curate of Wendy in Cambridgeshire. After some other ministerial engagements he was appointed minister of Park Chapel, Chelsea, in 1834, and in 1836 became rector of the united parishes of St. Andrew-by-the-Wardrobe and St. Anne's, Blackfriars, in the city of London. William Romaine (d. 1795) [q. v.], one of the early evangelical leaders, had been rector of this church, and the doctrines of that school had been consistently maintained by his successors. Harding was an ardent 'evangelical,' and during the fifteen years of his incumbency his church was a favourite gathering-place of members of that school. His sermons were calm, thoughtful, and impressive. He was for some years secretary of the Pastoral Aid Society, and exhibited a warm interest in various religious societies of the evangelical school. Harding was selected by Archbishop Sumner for the see of Bombay, vacated by the resignation of Bishop Carr, and was consecrated in Lambeth Chapel on 10 Aug. 1851. In the same year he proceeded B.D. and D.D. at Oxford. He administered his diocese conscientiously, but lacked energy and originating power. His somewhat rigid evangelicalism led him to look coldly on 'brotherhoods' and other proposed agencies of the high church party for supplementing the deficiencies of missionary work in the diocese. He was little seen in his diocese except at the three chief centres of the province, and consequently had small personal knowledge of its real wants. He was the firm opposer of what are known as ritualistic practices. Failure of health led to his return home on furlough in 1867, and he resigned the see in 1869. He settled at Ore, near Hastings, where with increasing years his religious sympathies widened, and the clerical meetings at his house formed a rallying-point for clergy of widely different views. He was a frequent preacher at St. Mary's-in-the-Castle, Hastings, of which his friend the Rev. T. Vores was incumbent. He died at Ore on 18 June 1874. He married Mary, third daughter of W. Tebbs, esq., proctor in Doctors' Commons, but left no family. ​His only published works were a small volume of parochial sermons and 'Texts and Thoughts for Christian Ministers,' London, 1874.
[Private information; personal knowledge]
E. V.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hardiman, James

​HARDIMAN, JAMES (1790?–1855), historian, born in Connaught about 1790, came of a family known in Irish as O'Hartigan. His father owned a small estate in Mayo. After school education he went to Dublin, studied law, and obtained employment in the castle, where he was appointed a sub-commissioner of public records. He became an active member of the Royal Irish Academy and of the Iberno-Celtic Society. In 1820 he published 'A History of the County and the Town of Galway,' one of the few good county histories to be found in Ireland. Irish was his mother tongue, and in 1831 he published in 2 volumes 'Irish Minstrelsy or Bardic Remains of Ireland, with English Poetical Translations.' The book was printed an London. The Irish is in a curious type, full of oblique lines. The metrical versions are by Furlong, Curran, and others. The collection is an interesting one, but its value is diminished by the absence of clear statements as to the authorities for each poem. The majority are probably taken from manuscript collections, such as were common in Ireland till harpers became extinct. Hardiman's next publications were 'An Account of two Irish Wills,' and 'The Statute of Kilkenny,' Dublin, 1843. In 1846 he edited Roderick O'Flaherty's 'West Connaught' for the Irish Archæological Society. Soon after its foundation he became librarian of Queen's College, Galway, and there died in November 1855. His education was imperfect, and he was not deeply read in Irish literature, but he had considerable knowledge of general and local Irish history, and his works have some permanent value.
[Webb's Compendium of Irish Biog., Dublin, 1878; notes in Hardiman's Works.]
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harding, George Perfect

​HARDING, GEORGE PERFECT (d. 1853), portrait-painter and copyist, was a son of Silvester Harding [q. v.] of Pall Mall. Adopting his father's profession, he practised miniature-painting, and exhibited at the Royal Academy at intervals between 1802 and 1840; but, like his father, he mainly devoted himself to making water-colour copies of ancient historical portraits. In his pursuit of this occupation he visited the chief family seats of the nobility, the royal palaces, college halls, &c., and the highly finished copies which he executed are of great value as faithful transcripts of the originals. In 1822-3 he published a series of eighteen portraits of the ​deans of Westminster, engraved by J. Stow, R. Grave, and others, intended to illustrate Neale and Brayley's 'History of Westminster Abbey.' This was followed in 1825 by 'Ancient Oil Paintings and Sepulchral Brasses in the Abbey Church of St. Peter, Westminster,' with descriptions by Thomas Moule, F.S.A. Among many important historical works to which he supplied the plates was J. H. Jesse's 'Memoirs of the Court of England during the Reign of the Stuarts,' 1840. He gave much time to the preparation of a manuscript account of the Princes of Wales, elaborately illustrated with portraits and heraldic devices, which is now in the royal library at Windsor. Of this he issued a privately printed description in 1828. In 1840 Harding took a leading part in establishing the Granger Society (named after the author of the 'Biographical History of England'), the object of which was the publication of previously unengraved historical portraits. In his drawings he had accumulated a store of material for this purpose, but through mismanagement and lack of support the society came to an end, after publishing a few excellent prints, early in 1843. Harding then carried on the work on his own account, and during the next five years issued a series of fifteen plates, engraved by Joseph Brown and W. Greatbach, with biographical notices by Mr. Moule. The copperplates of these afterwards passed into the hands of Mr. J. Russell Smith of Soho Square, who reissued the work in 1869. Harding was elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries in 1839, but withdrew in 1847. Towards the end of his life he fell into pecuniary difficulties, and was compelled to sell his collections of drawings. He died at Hercules Buildings, Lambeth, where he had resided for more than thirty years, on 23 Dec. 1853. He left a large family by a second wife. His portrait was engraved by J. Brown, from a miniature by himself, in 1826. A collection of his works is in the print room of the British Museum.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Graves's Dict. of Artists; Gent. Mag. new ser. xli. 548; Brit. Mus. Library Catalogue.]
F. M. O'D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harding, John (1378-1465?)

​HARDING, JOHN (1378–1465?). [See Hardyng.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harding, Samuel

​HARDING, SAMUEL (fl. 1641), dramatist, born about 1618, was the son of Robert Harding of Ipswich, Suffolk. In 1634 he became a sojourner of Exeter College, Oxford, and took the degree of B.A. on 29 May 1638. He afterwards became chaplain to a nobleman, and died 'about the beginning, or in the heat of the civil war.' He wrote an unacted tragedy in verse and prose, entitled 'Sicily and Naples; or the fatall Union,' which was published in 1640, in defiance of the author's wishes, by a friend signing himself 'P. P.'
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. (Bliss), iti. 31-2; Wood's Fasti Oxon. (Bliss), i. 500.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hardime, Simon

​HARDIME, SIMON (1672–1737), painter, was born at Antwerp, of Walloon parentage, in 1672. In 1685 he became a pupil of Jan Baptist Crepu, the flower-painter, and, after remaining with him four years, was admitted a master of the guild of St. Luke in 1689. He painted from nature both flowers and fruit, which were excellent in colour, but he was far surpassed by his younger brother and pupil, Pieter Hardime. He received commissions from the Earl of Scarborough, from several wealthy merchants of Antwerp and Brussels, and in particular from two brothers who were canons of St. Jacques at Antwerp. He is described by his contemporary, Campo Weyerman, as having been a droll little fellow, who spent the greater part of his time at the church or the tavern, and at length became so embarrassed that he had to leave Antwerp and go to his brother at the Hague, where he was no more welcome than a dog in a game of skittles. He then came to London, where he was working in 1720, and died in 1737. There is a good flower piece in the palace at Breda, which he painted for William III, and two others are in the museum at Bordeaux.
His brother, Pieter Hardime, was born at Antwerp in 1678, and died at the Hague in 1758.
[Weyerman's Levens-Beschryvingen der Nederlandsche Konst-Schilders, 1729-69, iii. 245-8; Kramm's Levens en Werken der Hollandsche en Vlaamsche Kunstschilders, &c., 1857-64, ii. 642; Van den Branden's Geschiedenisder Antwerpsche Schilderschool, 1883, p. 1149; Liggeren der Antwerpsche Sint Lucasgilde, 1864-81, ii. 532.]
R. E. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harding, A.

Anne Raikes Harding, née Orchard, in the ODNB. 1904 Errata appended.
​HARDING, Mrs. A. (1779–1858), novelist and miscellaneous writer, born in 1779, wrote the following novels: 1. 'Correction,' 3 vols., 1818. 2. 'Decision,' 3 vols., 1819. 3. 'The Refugees,' 3 vols., 1822. 4. 'Realities,' 4 vols., 1825. 5. 'Dissipation,' 4 vols., 1827. 6. 'Experience,' 4 vols., 1828. She also wrote 'The Universal History' (London, 1848), 'Sketches of the Highlands,' other 'instructive and popular volumes,' and many contributions to 'the reviews and different periodicals of the day.' Mrs. Harding published all her works anonymously. She died on 28 April 1858, at the house of her son-in-law, the Rev. Kynaston Groves.
[Gent. Mag. 1858, i. 684; Brit. Mus. Cat.; Halkett and Laing's Dict. of Anonymous and Pseudonymous Lit.]
F. W-t.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.146 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 335 | ii | 28 | Harding, Mrs. A.: for Mrs. A. (1779-1858), read Mrs. Anne Raikes (1780-1858), |
| | | 29 | for 1779, read 1780, married Thomas Harding, a merchant at Bristol and |
| | | 20 f.e. | for at the house read at Boulogne, at the house |
| | | 19 f.e. | for Kynaston Groves. read William Kynaston Groves. |