# The Coronado expedition, 1540-1542/Content and Illustrations

CONTENTS
| Page |||||
| Introductory note | Introductory note | Introductory note | Introductory note | 339 |
| Itinerary of the Coronado expeditions, 1527-1547 | Itinerary of the Coronado expeditions, 1527-1547 | Itinerary of the Coronado expeditions, 1527-1547 | Itinerary of the Coronado expeditions, 1527-1547 | 341 |
| Historical introduction | Historical introduction | Historical introduction | Historical introduction | 345 |
| | The causes of the Coronado expedition, 1528-1539 | The causes of the Coronado expedition, 1528-1539 | The causes of the Coronado expedition, 1528-1539 | 345 |
| | | Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca | Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca | 345 |
| | | The governors of New Spain 1530-1537 | The governors of New Spain 1530-1537 | 350 |
| | | The reconnoissance of Friar Marcos de Niza | The reconnoissance of Friar Marcos de Niza | 353 |
| | | The effect of Friar Marcos' report | The effect of Friar Marcos' report | 362 |
| | The expedition to New Mexico and the great plains | The expedition to New Mexico and the great plains | The expedition to New Mexico and the great plains | 373 |
| | | The organization of the expedition | The organization of the expedition | 373 |
| | | The departure of the expedition | The departure of the expedition | 382 |
| | | The expedition by sea under Alarcon | The expedition by sea under Alarcon | 385 |
| | | The journey from Culiacan to Cibola | The journey from Culiacan to Cibola | 386 |
| | | The capture of the Seven Cities | The capture of the Seven Cities | 388 |
| | | The exploration of the country | The exploration of the country | 389 |
| | | | The Spaniards at Zuñi | 389 |
| | | | The discovery of Tusayan and the Grand canyon | 390 |
| | | | The Rio Grande and the great plains | 390 |
| | | The march of the army from Culiacan to Tiguex | The march of the army from Culiacan to Tiguex | 391 |
| | | The winter of 1540-1541 along the Rio Grande | The winter of 1540-1541 along the Rio Grande | 392 |
| | | | The Indian revolt | 392 |
| | | | The stories about Quivira | 393 |
| | | The journey across the buffalo plains | The journey across the buffalo plains | 395 |
| | | The winter of 1541-1542 | The winter of 1541-1542 | 399 |
| | | The friars remain in the country | The friars remain in the country | 400 |
| | | The return to New Spain | The return to New Spain | 401 |
| | | The end of Coronado | The end of Coronado | 402 |
| | Some results of the expedition | Some results of the expedition | Some results of the expedition | 403 |
| | | The discovery of Colorado river | The discovery of Colorado river | 403 |
| | | | The voyage of Alarcon | 403 |
| | | | The journey of Melchior Diaz | 406 |
| | | The Indian uprising in New Spain 1540-1542 | The Indian uprising in New Spain 1540-1542 | 408 |
| | | Further attempts at discovery | Further attempts at discovery | 411 |
| | | | The voyage of Cabrillo | 411 |
| | | | Villalobos sails across the Pacific | 412 |
| The narrative of Castañeda | The narrative of Castañeda | The narrative of Castañeda | The narrative of Castañeda | 413 |
| | Bibliographic note | Bibliographic note | Bibliographic note | 413 |
| | The Spanish text | The Spanish text | The Spanish text | 414 |
| | | Proemio | Proemio | 414 |
| | | Primera parte | Primera parte | 416 |
| | Capitulo primero donde se trata como se supo la primera poblacion de las siete çiudades y como Nuño de guzman hiço armada para descubrirlla | Capitulo primero donde se trata como se supo la primera poblacion de las siete çiudades y como Nuño de guzman hiço armada para descubrirlla | Capitulo primero donde se trata como se supo la primera poblacion de las siete çiudades y como Nuño de guzman hiço armada para descubrirlla | 416 ​ |
| | | | Capitulo segundo como bino a ser gouernador françisco uasques coronado y la segundo relaçion que dio cabeça de uaca | 417 |
| | | | Capitulo terçero como mataron los de cibola a el negro esteuan y fray marcos bolbio huyendo | 418 |
| | | | Capitulo quarto como el buen don Antonio de mendoça hiço jornada para el descubrimiento de Cibola | 419 |
| | | | Capitulo quinto que trata quienes fueron por capitanes a cibola | 420 |
| | | | Capitulo sexto como se juntaron en conpostela todas las capitanias y salieron en orden para la jornada | 421 |
| | | | Capitulo septimo como el campo llego a chiametla y mataron a el maestre de canpo y lo que mas acaeçio hasta llegar a culiacan | 422 |
| | | | Capitulo otauo como el campo entro en la uilla de culiacan y el recebimiento que se hiço y lo mas acaeçio hasta la partida | 423 |
| | | | Capitulo nueve como el canpo salio de culiacan y llego el general a çibola y el campo a señora y lo que mas acaeçio | 424 |
| | | | Capitulo deçimo como el campo salio de la uilla de senora quedando la uilla poblada y como llego a çibola y lo que le uino en el camino a el capitan melchior dias yendo en demanda de los nabios y como descubrio el rio del tison | 425 |
| | | | Capitulo ouçe como don pedro de touar descubrio a tusayan o tutahaco y don garci lopes de cardenas bio el rio del tison y lo que mas acaecion | 428 |
| | | | Capitulo doçe como binieron a çibola gentes de cicuye a ber los christianos y como fue her$^{do}$ de aluarado a ber las uacas | 430 |
| | | | Capitulo trece como el general llego con poca gente la uia de tutahaco y dexo campo a don tristan que lo llebo a tiguex | 432 |
| | | | Capitulo catorce como el campo salio de sibola para tiguex y lo que les acaeçio en el camino con niebe | 432 |
| | | | Capitulo quinçe como se alço tiguex y el castigo que en ellos ubo sin que lo ubiese en el causador | 433 |
| | | | Capitulo desiseis como se puso çerco a tiguex y se gano y lo que mas acontencio mediante el cerco | 435 |
| | | | Capitulo desisiete como binieron a el campo mensajeros del ualle de señora y como murio el capitan melchior dias en la jornada de tizon | 438 |
| | | | Capitulo desiocho como el general procuro dexar asentada la tierra para ir en demanda de quisuira donde deçia el turco auia el prinçipio de la riqueça | 439 |
| | | | Capitulo desinueve como salieron en demanda de quiuira y lo que acontecio en el camino | 440 |
| | | | Capitulo ueinte como cayeron grandes piedras en el campo y como se descubrio otra barranca donde se dibidio el campo en dos partes | 442 |
| | | | Capitulo ueinte y uno como el campo bolbio a tiguex el y el general llego a quiuira | 443 |
| | | | Capitulo ueinte y dos como el general bolbio de quiuira y se hiçieron otras entradas debajo del norte | 445 |
| | Segunda parte en que se trata de los pueblo prouincias de altos y de sus ritos y costumbres recopilada por pedro de castañeda ueçino de la çiudad de Naxara | Segunda parte en que se trata de los pueblo prouincias de altos y de sus ritos y costumbres recopilada por pedro de castañeda ueçino de la çiudad de Naxara | Segunda parte en que se trata de los pueblo prouincias de altos y de sus ritos y costumbres recopilada por pedro de castañeda ueçino de la çiudad de Naxara | 446 |
| | | Capitulo primero de la prouincia de Culiacan y de sus ritos y costumbres | Capitulo primero de la prouincia de Culiacan y de sus ritos y costumbres | 447 ​ |
| | | | Capitulo segundo de la prouincia de petlatlan y todo lo poblado hasta chichilticale | 448 |
| | | | Capitulo tercero de lo ques chichilticale y el despoblado de çibola sus costumbres y ritos y de otras cosas | 450 |
| | | | Capitulo quarto como se tratan los de tiguex y de la prouincia de tiguex y sua comarcas | 451 |
| | | | Capitulo quinto de cicuye y los pueblos de su contoruo y de como unas gentes binieron a conquistar aquella tierra | 452 |
| | | | Capitulo sexto en que se declara quantos fueron los pueblos que se uierob en los poblados de terrados y lo poblado de ello | 454 |
| | | | Capitulo septimo que trata de los llanos que se atrabesaron de bacas y de las gentes que los habitan | 455 |
| | | | Capitulo ocbo de quiuira y en que rumbo esta y la notiçia que dan | 456 |
| | Tercera parte como y en que se trata aquello que aconteçio a francisco uasques coronado estando inbernando y como dexo la Jornada y se bolbio a la nueba españa | Tercera parte como y en que se trata aquello que aconteçio a francisco uasques coronado estando inbernando y como dexo la Jornada y se bolbio a la nueba españa | Tercera parte como y en que se trata aquello que aconteçio a francisco uasques coronado estando inbernando y como dexo la Jornada y se bolbio a la nueba españa | 458 |
| | | | Capitulo primero como bino de Senora don pedro de touar con gente y se partio para la nueba españa don garci lopes de cardenas | 458 |
| | | | Capitulo segundo como cayo el general y se hordeno la buelta para la nueba españa | 459 |
| | | | Capitulo terçero como se alço Suya y las causas que para ello dieron los pobladores | 460 |
| | | | Capitulo quarto como se quedo fray juan de padilla y fray luis en la tierra y el campo se aperçibio la buelta de mexico | 461 |
| | | | Capitulo quinto como el campo salio del poblado y camino a culiacan y lo que aconteçio en el camino | 462 |
| | | | Capitulo sexto como el general salio de culiacan para dar quenta a el uisorey del campo que le encargo | 463 |
| | | | Capitulo septimo do las cosas que le aconteçieron al capitan Juan gallego por la tierra alçada lleuando el socorro | 464 |
| | | | Capitulo otauo en que se quentan algunas cosas admirables que se bieron en los llanos con la façion de los toros | 466 |
| | | | Capitulo nono que trata el rumbo que llebo el campo y como se podria yr a buscar otra uia que mas derecha fuese abiendo de boluer aquella tierra | 468 |
| | Translation of the narrative of Castañeda | Translation of the narrative of Castañeda | Translation of the narrative of Castañeda | 470 |
| | | Preface | Preface | 470 |
| | | First Part | First Part | 472 |
| | | | Chapter 1, which treats of the way we first came to know about the Seven Cities, and of how Nuño de Guzman made an expedition to discover them | 472 |
| | | | Chapter 2, of how Francisco Vazquez Coronado came to be governor, and the second account which Cabeza de Vaca gave | 474 |
| | | | Chapter 3, of how they killed the negro Stephen at Cibola, and Friar Marcos returned in flight | [[475 |
| | | | Chapter 4, of how the noble Don Antonio de Mendoza made an expedition to discover Cibola | 476 |
| | | | Chapter 5, concerning the captains who went to Cibola | 477 |
| | | | Chapter 6, of how all the companies collected in Compostela and set off on the journey in good order | 478 |
| | | | Chapter 7, of how the army reached Chiametla, and the killing of the army-master, and the other things that happened up to the arrival at Culiacan | 479 ​ |
| | | Chapter 8, of how the army entered the town of Culiacan and the reception it received, and other things which happened before the departure | Chapter 8, of how the army entered the town of Culiacan and the reception it received, and other things which happened before the departure | 481 |
| | | Chapter 9, of how the army started from Culiacan and the arrival of the general at Cibola and of the army at Señora and of other things that happened | Chapter 9, of how the army started from Culiacan and the arrival of the general at Cibola and of the army at Señora and of other things that happened | 482 |
| | | Chapter 10, of how the army started from the town of Señora, leaving it inhabited, and how it reached Cibola, and of what happened to Captain Melchior Diaz on his expedition in search of the ships and how he discovered the Tison (Firebrand) river | Chapter 10, of how the army started from the town of Señora, leaving it inhabited, and how it reached Cibola, and of what happened to Captain Melchior Diaz on his expedition in search of the ships and how he discovered the Tison (Firebrand) river | 484 |
| | | Chapter 11, of how Don Pedro de Tovar discovered Tusayan or Tutahaco and Don Garcia Lopez de Cardenas saw the Firebrand river and the other things that had happened | Chapter 11, of how Don Pedro de Tovar discovered Tusayan or Tutahaco and Don Garcia Lopez de Cardenas saw the Firebrand river and the other things that had happened | 487 |
| | | Chapter 12, of how people came from Cicuye to Cibola to see the Christians, and how Hernando de Alvarado went to see the cows | Chapter 12, of how people came from Cicuye to Cibola to see the Christians, and how Hernando de Alvarado went to see the cows | 490 |
| | | Chapter 13, of how the general went toward Tutahaco with a few men and left the army with Don Tristan, who took it to Tiguex | Chapter 13, of how the general went toward Tutahaco with a few men and left the army with Don Tristan, who took it to Tiguex | 492 |
| | | Chapter 14, of how the army went from Cibola to Tiguex and what happened to them on the way, on account of the snow | Chapter 14, of how the army went from Cibola to Tiguex and what happened to them on the way, on account of the snow | 493 |
| | | Chapter 15, of why Tiguex revolted, and how they were punished, without being to blame for it | Chapter 15, of why Tiguex revolted, and how they were punished, without being to blame for it | 494 |
| | | Chapter 16, of how they besieged Tiguex and took it, and of what happened during the siege | Chapter 16, of how they besieged Tiguex and took it, and of what happened during the siege | 497 |
| | | Chapter 17, of how messengers reached the army from the valley of Señora, and how Captain Melchior Diaz died on the expedition to the Firebrand river | Chapter 17, of how messengers reached the army from the valley of Señora, and how Captain Melchior Diaz died on the expedition to the Firebrand river | 501 |
| | | Chapter 18, of how the general managed to leave the country in peace so as to go in search of Quivira, where the Turk said there was the most wealth | Chapter 18, of how the general managed to leave the country in peace so as to go in search of Quivira, where the Turk said there was the most wealth | 502 |
| | | Chapter 19, of how they started in search of Quivira and of what happened on the way | Chapter 19, of how they started in search of Quivira and of what happened on the way | 504 |
| | | Chapter 20, of how great stones fell in the camp, and how they discovered another ravine, where the army was divided into two parts | Chapter 20, of how great stones fell in the camp, and how they discovered another ravine, where the army was divided into two parts | 506 |
| | | Chapter 21, of how the army returned to Tiguex and the general reached Quivira | Chapter 21, of how the army returned to Tiguex and the general reached Quivira | 508 |
| | | Chapter 22, of how the general returned from Quivira and of other expeditions toward the north | Chapter 22, of how the general returned from Quivira and of other expeditions toward the north | 510 |
| | Second Part, which treats of the high villages and provinces and of their habits and customs, as collected by Pedro de Castañeda, native of the city of Najara | Second Part, which treats of the high villages and provinces and of their habits and customs, as collected by Pedro de Castañeda, native of the city of Najara | Second Part, which treats of the high villages and provinces and of their habits and customs, as collected by Pedro de Castañeda, native of the city of Najara | 512 |
| | | Chapter 1, of the province of Culiacan and of its habits and customs | Chapter 1, of the province of Culiacan and of its habits and customs | 513 |
| | | Chapter 2, of the province of Petlatlan and all the inhabited country as far as Chichilticalli | Chapter 2, of the province of Petlatlan and all the inhabited country as far as Chichilticalli | 514 |
| | | Chapter 3, of Chichilticalli and the desert, of Cibola, its customs and habits, and of other things | Chapter 3, of Chichilticalli and the desert, of Cibola, its customs and habits, and of other things | 516 |
| | | Chapter 4, of how they live at Tiguex, and of the province of Tiguex and its neighborhood | Chapter 4, of how they live at Tiguex, and of the province of Tiguex and its neighborhood | 519 |
| | | Chapter 5, of Cicuye and the villages in its neighborhood, and of how some people came to conquer this country | Chapter 5, of Cicuye and the villages in its neighborhood, and of how some people came to conquer this country | 523 ​ |
| | | | Chapter 6, which gives the number of villages which were seen in the country of the terraced houses, and their population | 524 |
| | | | Chapter 7, which treats of the plains that were crossed, of the cows, and of the people who inhabit them | 526 |
| | | | Chapter 8, of Quivira, of where it is and some information about it | 528 |
| | Third Part, which describes what happened to Francisco Vazquez Coronado during the winter, and how he gave up the expedition and returned to New Spain | Third Part, which describes what happened to Francisco Vazquez Coronado during the winter, and how he gave up the expedition and returned to New Spain | Third Part, which describes what happened to Francisco Vazquez Coronado during the winter, and how he gave up the expedition and returned to New Spain | 530 |
| | | | Chapter 1, of how Don Pedro de Tovar came from Señora with some men, and Don Garcia Lopez de Cardenas started back to New Spain | 530 |
| | | | Chapter 2, of the general's fall and of how the return to New Spain was ordered | 531 |
| | | | Chapter 3, of the rebellion at Suya and the reasons the settlers gave for it | 533 |
| | | | Chapter 4, of how Friar Juan de Padilla and Friar Luis remained in the country and the army prepared to return to Mexico | 534 |
| | | | Chapter 5, of how the army left the settlements and marched to Culiacan, and of what happened on the way | 537 |
| | | | Chapter 6, of how the general started from Culiacan to give the viceroy an account of the army with which he had been intrusted | 538 |
| | | | Chapter 7, of the adventures of Captain Juan Gallego while he was bringing reenforcements through the revolted country | 540 |
| | | | Chapter 8, which describes some remarkable things that were seen on the plains, with a description of the bulls | 541 |
| | | | Chapter 9, which treats of the direction which the army took, and of how another more direct way might be found if anyone was going to return to that country | 544 |
| Translation of the letter from Mendoza to the King, April 17, 1540 | Translation of the letter from Mendoza to the King, April 17, 1540 | Translation of the letter from Mendoza to the King, April 17, 1540 | Translation of the letter from Mendoza to the King, April 17, 1540 | 547 |
| Translation of the letter from Coronado to Mendoza, August 3, 1540 | Translation of the letter from Coronado to Mendoza, August 3, 1540 | Translation of the letter from Coronado to Mendoza, August 3, 1540 | Translation of the letter from Coronado to Mendoza, August 3, 1540 | 552 |
| Translation of the Traslado de las Nuevas | Translation of the Traslado de las Nuevas | Translation of the Traslado de las Nuevas | Translation of the Traslado de las Nuevas | 564 |
| Relación postrera de Sívola | Relación postrera de Sívola | Relación postrera de Sívola | Relación postrera de Sívola | 566 |
| | Spanish text | Spanish text | Spanish text | 566 |
| | Translation | Translation | Translation | 568 |
| Translation of the Relacion del Suceso | Translation of the Relacion del Suceso | Translation of the Relacion del Suceso | Translation of the Relacion del Suceso | 572 |
| Translation of a letter from Coronado to the King, October 20, 1541 | Translation of a letter from Coronado to the King, October 20, 1541 | Translation of a letter from Coronado to the King, October 20, 1541 | Translation of a letter from Coronado to the King, October 20, 1541 | 580 |
| Translation of the narrative of Jaramillo | Translation of the narrative of Jaramillo | Translation of the narrative of Jaramillo | Translation of the narrative of Jaramillo | 584 |
| Translation of the report of Hernando de Alvarado | Translation of the report of Hernando de Alvarado | Translation of the report of Hernando de Alvarado | Translation of the report of Hernando de Alvarado | 594 |
| Testimony concerning those who went on the expedition with Francisco Vazquez Coronado | Testimony concerning those who went on the expedition with Francisco Vazquez Coronado | Testimony concerning those who went on the expedition with Francisco Vazquez Coronado | Testimony concerning those who went on the expedition with Francisco Vazquez Coronado | 596 |
| A list of works useful to the student of the Coronado expedition | A list of works useful to the student of the Coronado expedition | A list of works useful to the student of the Coronado expedition | A list of works useful to the student of the Coronado expedition | 599 |
| Index to Part 1 | Index to Part 1 | Index to Part 1 | Index to Part 1 | 615 |
Contents
ILLUSTRATIONS
| | | Page |
| Plate XXXVIII | The New Spain and New Mexico country | 345 |
| XXXIX | The Ulpius globe of 1542 | 349 |
| XL | Sebastian Cabot's map of 1544 | 353 |
| XLI | Map of the world by Ptolemy, 1548 | 357 |
| XLII | Battista Agnese's New Spain, sixteenth century | 361 |
| XLIII | The City of Mexico about 1550, by Alonzo de Santa Cruz | 365 |
| XLIV | Zaltieri's karte, 1566 | 369 |
| XLV | Mercator's northwestern part of New Spain, 1569 | 373 |
| XLVI | Mercator's interior of New Spain, 1569 | 377 |
| XLVII | Abr. Ortelius' Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, 1570 | 381 |
| XLVIII | Dourado's Terra Antipody Regis Castele Inveta, 1580 | 385 |
| XLIX | Western hemisphere of Mercator, 1587 | 389 |
| L | Northern half of De Bry's America Sive Novvs Orbis, 1596 | 393 |
| LI | Wytfliet's Vtrivsqve Hemispherii Delineatio, 1597 | 397 |
| LII | Wytflief's New Granada and California, 1597 | 401 |
| LIII | Wytfliet's kingdoms of Quivira, Anian, and Tolm, 1597 | 405 |
| LIV | Matthias Quadus' Fasciculus Geographicus, 1608 | 409 |
| LV | Tho buffalo of Gomara, 1554 | 512 |
| LVI | The buffalo of Thevet, 1558 | 516 |
| LVII | The buffalo of De Bry, 1595 | 520 |
| LVIII | On the terraces at Zuñi | 525 |
| LIX | Middle court at Zuñi | 527 |
| LX | Zuñi court, showing "balcony" | 529 |
| LXI | Zuñi interior | 531 |
| LXII | Zuñis in typical modern costume | 534 |
| LXIII | Hopi maidens, showing primitive Pueblo hairdressing | 536 |
| LXIV | Hopi grinding and paper-bread making | 539 |
| LXV | Hopi basket maker | 543 |
| LXVI | Pueblo pottery making | 547 |
| LXVII | Pueblo spinning and weaving | 551 |
| LXVIII | The Tewa pueblo of P'o-who-gi or San Ildefonso | 555 |
| LXIX | Pueblo of Jemez | 559 |
| LXX | Ruins of Spanish church above Jemez | 562 |
| LXXI | The Keres pueblo of Sia | 569 |
| LXXII | The Keres pueblo of Cochiti | 571 |
| LXXIII | The Tewa pueblo of Nambe | 573 |
| LXXIV | A Nambo Indian in war costume | 576 |
| LXXV | A Nambe water carrier | 578 |
| LXXVI | The Keres pueblo of Katishtya or San Felipe | 583 |
| LXXVII | The south town of the Tiwa pueblo of Taos | 585 |
| LXXVIII | The Tewa pueblo of K'hapóo or Santa Clara | 587 |
| LXXIX | The Tewa pueblo of Ohke or San Juan | 589 |
| LXXX | A native of San Juan | 592 |
| LXXXI | A native of Pecos | 596 |
| LXXXII | Facsimile of pages of Castañeda's relacion | 456 |
| LXXXIII | Facsimile of pages of Castañeda's relacion | 442 |
| LXXXIV | Facsimile of pages of Castañeda's relacion | 466 |