OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Torrance, George

​TORRANCE, Rev. George William, M.A., Mus.D. University of Dublin, born at Rathmines, Dublin, in 1835. Educated as a chorister in Christ Church Cathedral, he afterwards became successively organist of Blackrock, Dublin, and of the city churches of St. Andrew and St. Anne. Among his earlier compositions was a 'Te Deum' and' Jubilate,' sung in Christ Church Cathedral. At 19 he composed his first oratorio, 'Abraham,' which was performed in 1855 at the Ancient Concert Rooms, Dublin, by all the leading musicians of the city, Sir Robert Stewart presiding at the organ and the composer conducting. 'Abraham' was performed four times in two years. It was rightly deemed a wonderful work for a mere lad to produce; the airs were written after the manner of Beethoven, the choruses followed that of Handel: of plagiarism there was none, and if the work was lacking in experience, it was yet a bold and successful effort for a boy in his teens. In 1856 Mr. Torrance visited Leipsic, and during his studies in that city became acquainted with Moscheles and other eminent musicians. Upon his return he produced an opera 'William of Normandy,' and several minor works, some of which have since been published. In 1859 Mr. Torrance entered the University of Dublin, with a view to studying for the ministry of the Church of England; here he graduated in Arts in 1864, and produced the same year a second oratorio, 'The Captivity,' to Goldsmith's words. He took the degree of M.A. at the University in 1867, was ordained deacon in 1865, and priest in 1866.
In 1869 he emigrated to Melbourne, Victoria. In 1879 he obtained the degrees of Mus. B. and Mus. D. from Dublin University, on the recommendation of Sir Robert Stewart, Professor of Music in the University, the 'Acts' publicly performed for the degree being, for Mus.B. a Te Deum and Jubilate (composed 1878), for Mus.D. a selection from his oratorio 'The Captivity.' He received an honorary degree of Mus.D. ad eundem from the Melbourne University, the first and only degree yet conferred in Music by that University.
In 1882 Dr. Torrance produced a third oratorio, 'The Revelation'; this was performed with great success in Melbourne, the composer conducting. He was elected president of the Fine Arts section of the 'Social Science Congress' held in Melbourne in 1880, when he delivered the opening address on Music, since published. In 1883 he was appointed by the Governor of Victoria to be one of the Examiners for the 'Clarke Scholarship' in the Royal College of Music.
He is also the author of a paper on 'Cathedrals, their constitution and functions,' and is at present Incumbent of Holy Trinity Church, Balaclava, near Melbourne, a handsome new church recently built, with a fine 3-manual organ constructed specially to be played by himself during service.
[ R. P. S. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Tosi, Pier

[ G. M. ]
* ↑ Galliard's Prefatory Discourse, p. viii.
* ↑ Hawkins, 'History.' v. 5.
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Tosti, Francesco

​TOSTI, Francesco Paolo, an Italian composer, born April 7, 1847 [App. p.799 "April 9, 1846"], at Ortona sul mare, in the Abruzzi. In 1858 his parents sent him to the Royal College of St. Pietro a Majella at Naples, where he studied the violin under Pinto, and composition under Conti and the venerable Mercadante. The young pupil made wonderful progress, and was by Mercadante appointed maestrino or pupil teacher, with the not too liberal salary of 60 francs a month. He remained in Naples until the end of 1869, when, feeling that his health had been much impaired by overwork, he went back to Ortona with the hope of regaining strength. However, as soon as he got home he was taken seriously ill with bronchitis, and only after seven months recovered sufficiently to go to Rome and resume work. During his illness he wrote 'Non m'ama più' and 'Lamento d'amore'; but it was with difficulty that the young composer could induce a publisher to print these songs, which have since become so popular, and it was not till a considerable time after they ​sold well that he disposed of the copyright for the insignificant sum of £20 each. Sigr. Sgambati, the well-known composer, and leader of the new musical school in Rome, was among the first to recognise Tosti's talent, and in order to give his friend a fair start in the fashionable and artistic world, he assisted him to give a concert at the 'Sala Dante,' the St. James's Hall of Rome, where he achieved a great success, singing several of his own compositions, and a ballad purposely written for him by Sgambati, 'Eravi un vecchio sene.' The Queen of Italy, then Princess Margherita di Savoja, honoured the concert with her presence, and showed her appreciation by immediately appointing him as her teacher of singing. Shortly afterwards he was entrusted with the care of the Musical Archives of the Italian Court. It was in 1875 that M. Tosti first visited London, where he was well received in the best circles, both as an artist and as a man. Since then he has paid a yearly visit to the English capital, and in 1880 was called in as teacher of singing to the Royal Family of England.
M. Tosti has written Italian, French, and English songs: and though the Italian outnumber by far both the English and French, his popularity rests mainly on his English ballads. The wind and tide of fashion are fully in his favour, yet it would be unsafe to determine what place he will ultimately hold amongst song composers. What can even now be said of him is that he has an elegant, simple and facile inspiration, a style of his own, a genuine Italian flow of melody, and great skill in finding the most appropriate and never-failing effects for drawing-room songs. He is still in the full strength of intellectual power and life, and each new composition shows a higher artistic aim and a nobler and more vigorous expression of thought than the last. There is therefore good ground to hope that his future works may win for him from critics of all nations the high estimation in which he is now held by English and Italian amateurs.
[ G. M. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Tosto

[ G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Tonometer

​TONOMETER. [See Scheibler, vol. iii. p. 243b. Also Tuning-fork.]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Torrian, Jehan

[ V. de P. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Torelli, Giuseppe

[ P. D. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Torvaldo e Dorliska

[ G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Colonne, Judas

[ A. J. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Colophonium

From volume 1 of the work.
[ G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Colyns, Jean-Baptiste

​COLYNS, Jean-Baptiste, a distinguished violinist, was born at Brussels Nov. 25, 1838. He was admitted to the Brussels Conservatoire at the age of 8, where he gained prizes for violin playing, harmony, etc. He became solo violinist at the Théâtre de la Monnaie at a very early age, and soon afterwards was appointed professor of his instrument at the Conservatoire.
[ T. P. H. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Combination Pedals

From volume 1 of the work.
[ E. J. H. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Comes

​COMES. See Answer, Dux, and Fugue.
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Coloratur

From volume 1 of the work.
​COLORATUR. Vocal music coloured, that is, ornamented, by runs and rapid passages or divisions, where each syllable of the words has two or more notes to it. It is what the old school called 'figurato'—figured. Coloratur may be employed in slow or fast airs, plaintive or passionate. Almost all the great airs contain examples of it. The following example from the Messiah:—
[ G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Colporteur, Le

From volume 1 of the work.
[ G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Coltellini, Celeste

From volume 1 of the work.
[ M. C. C. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Come Sopra

From volume 1 of the work.
​COME SOPRA, 'as above'; when a passage or section is repeated, to save the trouble of recomposing, reprinting, or recopying.
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Comes, Juan

From volume 1 of the work.
[ M. C. C. ]
# A Dictionary of the Booksellers and Printers who Were at Work in England, Scotland and Ireland from 1641 to 1667/Starkey (John)

​STARKEY (JOHN), bookseller in London, (1) The Mitre at the North Door of the Middle Exchange, in St. Paul's Churchyard, 1658; (2) The Mitre near the Middle Temple Gate; (3) The Mitre, between the Middle Temple Gate and Temple Bar, 1667 [1658-67.] Son of George Starkey, of Isley Walton, in the County of Leicester. Put himself apprentice to John Saywell, q.v., for eight years from November 6th, 1655. Took up his freedom April 20th, 1664. Published several notable books of travel, amongst which may be mentioned Sir P. Ricaut's Present State of the Ottoman Empire, 1667. Hazlitt, ii. 527, gives an interesting account of Samuel Pepys' copy of this work, which contains a list of books ​published by Starkey in 1667. He was one of the founders of the periodical bibliography called Mercurius Librarius, which began in Michaelmas Term, 1668, and was afterwards succeeded by the Term Catalogues. [Arber, Term Catalogues, vol. 1, pp. viii-x.]
# A Dictionary of the Booksellers and Printers who Were at Work in England, Scotland and Ireland from 1641 to 1667/Stationers, Company of

​STATIONERS, COMPANY OF, Edinburgh, 1650. Mr. H. G. Aldis, in his List of Books printed in Scotland before 1700, gives one, A golden chaine of Time, No. 1415, with the imprint, "Printed at Edinburgh by the Heires of George Anderson, for the Company of Stationers," which he thinks was distinct from the Society of Stationers. [H. G. Aldis, List of Books, p. 120.] Amongst the State Papers, Domestic, for 1651, vol. 15 (18), is an undated and unsigned paper headed The true ground and reason why the Company of Stationers bought their printing house in Scotland. In this it is stated that four years before (? 1647) upon an overture from the King's Printer there to sell the Company his patent and printing house, the Company made an agreement with him, which cost them a large sum of money, and that owing to the troubles in both kingdoms they had lost heavily over the transaction. The Company further state that they are "now" [i.e., 1651] withdrawing their stock and materials, in regard that by the late Act full provision is made against importation from that kingdom.
# A Dictionary of the Booksellers and Printers who Were at Work in England, Scotland and Ireland from 1641 to 1667/Stafford (John)

​STAFFORD (JOHN), bookseller in London, (1) Blackhorse Alley, near Fleet Bridge; (2) In St. Bride's Church-yard; (3) Over against St. Bride's Church in Fleet Street; (4) ad insigne Georgii, in vico vulgo vocato, Fleet Street propre pontem; (5) In Chancery Lane. 1637-64. In the year 1634 R. Allot entered several books in the registers of the Company to which a marginal note was added to the effect that they were entered in trust for John Stafford. This may mean that he was Allot's apprentice. He took up his freedom September 28th, 1637. [Arber, iii. 688.] Dealt chiefly in theological literature. The fourth address given above is from an imprint only, preserved by Bagford. [Harl, 5919, 261.]
# A Dictionary of the Booksellers and Printers who Were at Work in England, Scotland and Ireland from 1641 to 1667/Stampe (Mrs.)

​STAMPE (MRS.), bookseller in London; Queens Head, Westminster Hall, 1663. Mentioned as a bookseller in an advertisement of patent medicines in The Newes, December 17th, 1663.
# A Dictionary of the Booksellers and Printers who Were at Work in England, Scotland and Ireland from 1641 to 1667/Sparke (Michael), junior

​SPARKE (MICHAEL), junior, bookseller in London; Blue Bible in Green Arbour Court, Old Bailey, 1638-45. Son of Michael Sparke, senior, q.v. In partnership with his father, but some books, such as Christopher Love's England's Distemper, 1645 [E. 274, 15], have his name only as publisher. He died in December, 1645, having been mortally wounded by his brother. His will was proved March 22nd, 1646. [P.C.C. 52, Fines; Bibliographer, New York, December, 1902.]
# A Dictionary of the Booksellers and Printers who Were at Work in England, Scotland and Ireland from 1641 to 1667/Sparke (Michael), senior

​SPARKE (MICHAEL), senior, bookseller in London. Blue Bible in Green Arbour Court, Old Bailey, 1616-53. Born at Eynsham, Oxfordshire, son of Richard Sparke, husbandman. Apprenticed for seven years to Simon Pauley, a citizen and stationer of London. Took up his freedom June 10th, 1610. Michael Sparke was William Prynne's publisher, and was condemned to stand in the pillory and pay a Issue of £500 for publishing Histrio-mastix. Michael Sparke was also a vigorous opponent of the monopolies, and was the author of a pamphlet entitled Scintilla, or a Light broken into Dark Warehouses, in which he drew attention to what he considered the excessive prices charged for books, particularly Bibles. Sparke at the same time imported Bibles from Holland, which he sold at cheaper rates than those printed in London. This pamphlet has been reprinted by Mr. Arber in the fourth volume of the Transcript (pp. 35 et seq.). He was also the author of a pamphlet entitled A Second Beacon fired by Scintilla … 1652, in which he gave many autobiographical details. Amongst the books he published were John Smith's History of Virginia, 1624; Captain Luke Foxe's North West Foxe, 1635; Mercator's Atlas 1635, and a devotional work with the quaint title Crums of Comfort. Michael Sparke lived at Hampstead, and died there on December 29th, 1653. By his will he left a bequest of a seal ring to William Prynne, Esq. He also left bequests to Constance Jones, Elizabeth Macock and Ellen Cotes, the widows of three printers who worked for him. His son Michael was for a time in partnership with him, but was killed in 1645. [P.C.C. 158, Alchin; Bibliographer, New York, December, 1902.]
# A Dictionary of the Booksellers and Printers who Were at Work in England, Scotland and Ireland from 1641 to 1667/Speed (Samuel)

​SPEED (SAMUEL), bookseller in London, (1) Printing Press, St. Paul's Churchyard; (2) Rainbow, between the two Temple Gates. 1658-67. Probably the son of Daniel Speed, stationer, who was publishing from 1603 to 1620. [Arber, v. 266.] In 1658 he was associated with Joseph ​Barber. In 1664 he issued a catalogue of books entered in the Register of the Company of Stationers between December 25th, 1662, and December 25th, 1663. [Bibliographica, vol. iii. p. 183.] In 1666 he was informed against for selling law books that had been printed during the Commonwealth, and was imprisoned and bound over in three hundred pounds not to sell any more of them. [Domestic State Papers, Charles II, 156, 105, 106.]
# A Dictionary of the Booksellers and Printers who Were at Work in England, Scotland and Ireland from 1641 to 1667/Smithurst (Richard)

​SMITHURST (RICHARD), (?) bookseller in London; Hosier Lane neer Pye Corner [Smithfield], 1641-48. Publisher of political pamphlets. [Hazlitt, ii. 103, 714.] He may be identical with Richard Smithers.
# A Dictionary of the Booksellers and Printers who Were at Work in England, Scotland and Ireland from 1641 to 1667/Sowle (Andrew)

​SOWLE (ANDREW), printer in London, (1) Pye Corner Smithfield; (2) Crooked Billet, Holloway Lane, Shoreditch, 1653-67. Son of Francis Sowle, of the parish of St. Sepulchres, yeoman. Born in 1628. Apprenticed on July 6th, 1646, to Ruth Raworth, q.v., for seven years. [Apprenticeship Register, Stationers' Hall.] Although his name is not found in an imprint before 1683, there is no doubt that he was the printer of most, if not all, of the early Quaker literature. In the obituary notice of him that appeared in Piety Promoted, Part I, p. 192, it was stated that he engaged himself freely in printing Friends books, and that his printing materials were several times seized and broken to pieces, and on one occasion a thousand reams of printed books were taken from him. On another occasion he was taken before Sir Richard Browne, who threatened to send him "after his brother Twyn," who had been executed in 1664 for printing a seditious book. Andrew Sowle's daughter, Elizabeth, married in 1685 her father's apprentice, William Bradford, who emigrated to America and set up his press in Pennsylvania, and afterwards in New York. Another daughter, Tace Sowle, succeeded her father in his business, and ultimately married Thomas Raylton. Andrew Sowle died in 1695, aged 67.
# A Dictionary of the Booksellers and Printers who Were at Work in England, Scotland and Ireland from 1641 to 1667/Stanton (Isaac)

​STANTON (ISAAC), bookseller in London; White Hart and Bear, Bread Street, 1662. Mentioned in an advertisment in Mercurius Publicus, February 6th, 166 1/2, relating to the Welsh bible in octavo.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Stengel, Franziska von

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STENGEL, FRANZISKA VON,
Resides at Manheim. She has written many historical romances, and gained considerable celebrity in her profession.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Stephens, Katharine

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STEPHENS, KATHARINE,
The daughter of a carver and gilder, was born in London, September 18th., 1794. She gave early proofs of her musical abilities, and on the 23rd. of September, 1813, made her débût on the stage, at Covent Garden Theatre, as a vocalist, and was received with great applause. She continued for a long time the principal female singer on the English stage. Her character was always unimpeachable.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/St. Leger, Hon. Elizabeth

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ST. LEGER, HON. ELIZABETH,
The only female that ever was initiated into the mystery of free-masonry, was the daughter of Lord Doneraile, a very zealous free-mason. She obtained this honour by contriving to place herself so as to watch the manner in which a new member was initiated. Being discovered just before the termination of the ceremony she was at first threatened with death, but saved by the entreaties of her brother, on condition that she would go through the whole of the solemn ceremonies. This she consented to, and sometimes afterwards joined in their processions. This lady was a cousin to ​General Anthony St. Leger, and married Richard Aldworth, Esq, of New Market.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Steele, Mrs. Anne

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STEELE, MRS. ANNE,
Was the daughter of the Rev. Mr. Steele, a dissenting minister at Broughton, in Hampshire. She is the authoress of many of the most popular hymns sung in churches. She also wrote a version of the Psalms, which showed great talent. She died in 1779.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Stephens, Ann S.

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STEPHENS, ANN S.,
Is a native of Derby, Connecticut. In 1831 she was married to Mr. Edward Stephens, and soon after removed to Portland, Maine, where her literary career commenced. In 1835 she established a periodical called "The Portland Magazine," which was edited by her for two years, and attained considerable popularity, owing, chiefly, to her own contributions to it. In 1837 Mr. and Mrs. Stephens removed to New York, where they have since resided. Soon after her settlement in that city, she became editor of "The Ladies' Companion," and subsequently editor of the "Ladies' National Magazine;" an interesting and popular work. She has also been a regular contributor to most of the leading American periodicals. For one of her stories, "Mary Derwent," she received a prize of four hundred dollars, yet it can by no means be considered her best. In truth, she is one of the most successful Magazine writers of the day; and her sketches and novellettes, if collected, would fill several volumes. As a poetess, Mrs. Stephens is comparatively but little known; the few pieces of hers that have appeared are marked by the same picturesque detail and easy flow of language with her prose sketches. She excels in drawing pictures with her pen—in placing before her readers, by a few graphic lines and glowing words, a character or scene, whether in high or low life, amid the palaces of royalty or the wild depths of the western forests, with such vividness and power that it seems to stand real presence" before the eye.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Stewart, Harriet Bradford

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STEWART, HARRIET BRADFORD,
Was born near Stamford, in Connecticut, on the 24th. of June, 1798. Her father. Colonel Tiffany, was an officer during the revolutionary war, but he died while his daughter was very young, and ​her youth was passed principally at Albany and Cooperstown, in New York In 1822, Miss Tiffany married the Rev. C. S. Stewart, missionary to the Sandich Islands, and accompanied him to those distant and uncultivated regions. She had previously, in 1819, passed through that mysterious change denominated regeneration. "Repeated afflictions," says her biographer, the Rev. Mr. Eddy, "the death of friends, and her own sickness, led her to feel the need of a strong arm and a sure hope. She turned to Him who can give support to the soul in the hours of its dark night, and guide it amid the gloom."
The great subject of a missionary life was presented to her view, connected with a proposal to accompany the Rev. C. S. Stewart to the Sandwich Islands, as his assistant and companion. She accordingly married him; and they sailed, in company with a large number of others who were destined for the same laborious but delightful services, on the 19th. of November, 1822.
They arrived, in April of the following year, at Honolulu; and after a residence of a few days, Mr. and Mrs. Stewart located themselves at Lahaiua, a town containing about twenty-five thousand inhabitants, who were mostly in a degraded condition. Here they found but few of the conveniences of life, and were obliged to live in little huts, which afforded but slight shelter from the scorching heat or the pelting rain. In these miserable tenements did the child of luxury and wealth reside, and in perfect contentment perform the duties of her station. She suffered, but did not complain; she laboured hard, but was not weary; and cheerful in her lot, smiled even at her privations and sorrows.
In 1825, her health began to fail. Unable longer to labour for her perishing heathen sisters, she sailed for England, in order to enjoy medical advice and care; but instead of improving by the voyage, she continued to decline, until the hopelessness of her case became apparent. She embarked for America in July, 1826, her residence of a few months in England having rendered her no permanent benefit. In her low state the voyage was anything but agreeable, and she arrived among her friends the mere shadow of what she was when, a few years before, she had gone forth in the flush of youth and the vigour of health.
For a time after her arrival, strong hopes were cherished that she might recover. The balmy breezes of her own native valley, the kind congratulations of friends, the interest and excitement of a return to the scenes of youth, gave colour to her cheek, and life to her step. But this expectation, or rather hope, proved delusive; she died January, 1838, aged thirty-nine.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Staal, Madame de

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STAAL, MADAME DE,
Whose maiden name was De Launai, was born, in 1693, at Paris, and was the daughter of an artist. She received an excellent education in the convent of St. Sauveur, in Normandy, and displayed precocious talents. For many years she was waiting-woman to the Duchess of Maine; and having been privy to some of the duchess's political intrigues, which she refused to betray to the government, she was, for two years, imprisoned in the Bastile; for which honourable fidelity she was but ill rewarded. She married the Baron de Staal, and died in 1750. She wrote her own memoirs, letters, and two comedies.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Yok
### Yok.
#### 欲$^{-4}$

    To breathe after; desire; covet; lust.

#### 浴$^{-4}$

    To bathe in a stream; to bathe.

#### 慾$^{-4}$

    To lust after; desire inordinately; passion.

#### 育$^{-4}$

    To bear; nourish; train up; to grow.

#### 鬻$^{-4}$

    Gruel; natural food; to nourish; to sell.

#### 煜$^{-4}$

    Shining; resplendent; moral lustre.