OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Argus/1890/Sudden death: Thomas Wayth Gudgeon

Source: The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848-1954) 26 August 1890, p.6
Layout 2
SUDDEN DEATH.
Yesterday a passenger by the 12.27 train leaving Melbourne for Brighton was taken out of the train at the Richmond station in a very critical state. Before medical aid could be obtained he died, and it is believed that he died from heart disease. In the pockets of the deceased were found a number of cards bearing the name of Thomas Wayth Gudgeon, as well as several letters with the initials "T.W.G." A first class monthly ticket from Melbourne to Elsternwick was also found in his pockets. The body was taken to the Morgue, where it now lies. The deceased, who is well dressed, is about 60 years of age. An inquest on the body will be held in due course.
This work was published in 1890 and is anonymous or pseudonymous due to unknown authorship. It is in the public domain in the United States as well as countries and areas where the copyright terms of anonymous or pseudonymous works are 133 years or less since publication.
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# The Argus/1903/An ex-mayor

AN EX-MAYOR. (1903, December 12). Leader (Melbourne, Vic. : 1862 - 1918, 1935), p. 23. from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article197961585
An ex-mayor.
Mr. George Meares, C.M.G., who for many years took a prominent part in the commercial and civic life of Melbourne, died on Tuesday at his residence, Glenferrie-road. Malvern, in his 79th year. The deceased gentleman was born in county Westmeath, Ireland, in 1825, and in early, life came to Victoria. He was for some years engaged in the drapery business in Melbourne, his establishment being at the corner of Bourke and Russell streets. He was elected a member of the City Council on 30th March, 1874, and six years later be came mayor, holding that office during the years 1880 and 1881. During those years he was also a commissioner and member of the executive committee for the Melbourne Exhibition. He was created a C.M.G. in 1882, and in 1887 retired from the council, he married in 1864 Miss Sarah Broadley Dixon, who predeceased him. For some years he was a director of the Metropolitan Gas Company and the Commercial Bank, but latterly he had been living in semi-retirement. He leaves three sons and three daughters to mourn their loss—Richard, who is engaged in pastoral pursuits; Robert, of the legal firm of Meares and Bussell; Dr. A Meares; Mrs. Henry Andrews, and two unmarried daughters. The city flag was flown at half-mast at the Town Hall on Tuesday, as a token of respect to the ex-mayor.
This work was published in 1903 and is anonymous or pseudonymous due to unknown authorship. It is in the public domain in the United States as well as countries and areas where the copyright terms of anonymous or pseudonymous works are 120 years or less since publication.
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# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Allen, Zachariah

​ALLEN, Zachariah, manufacturer, was born in Providence, R. I., Sept. 15, 1795. In 1813 he was graduated from Brown university, and after studying law and medicine was, in 1815, admitted to the bar. He engaged in manufacturing in 1822, and his genius and mechanical skill contributed greatly to develop and advance the industries of Rhode Island. He invented many ingenious applications of motive power, in steam and other machinery, and devised the mutual insurance plan afterward generally adopted by New England manufacturers. He is the author of several practical volumes on science. He calculated the mechanical force of the fall at Niagara to be equal to seven million horse-power. Among his inventions were, in 1821, the first furnace for heating dwellings, and in 1833, an automatic cut-off valve for steam engines, extension rollers, an improved fire-engine, and a storage reservoir for water-power. He was for many years president of the Rhode Island historical society, and a trustee of Brown university for fifty-six years. His family connections, the strong regard cherished for his upright and attractive character, and his many distinguished public services, made him for years to be looked upon as the most prominent and representative person in his state. He was the adviser and benefactor of all educational, charitable, and religious efforts. He published "The Practical Tourist"; "Practical Mechanics"; "Philosophy of the Mechanics of Nature" (1851); "Solar Light and Heat" (1879), and other valued works. Brown university conferred on him the degree of LL.D. in 1851. (See memoir by Amos Perry.) He died March 17, 1882.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Allibone, Samuel Austin

​ALLIBONE, Samuel Austin, author, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., April 17, 1816. He received a liberal education, and was a man of literary taste, but at first did not confine his attention to literature, being in business in his native city. Gradually his leisure hours were spent in literary labor, and, as an amateur, he began the great work with which his name is so widely associated and to which he devoted many years of his life. His home was a fine old colonial mansion, situated on Arch street above Ninth, in Philadelphia, and here he had collected a very large library. He was a devout member of the Protestant Episcopal church, and an earnest Sunday school worker. He published some contributions relating to theological controversy, but eventually concentrated his attention on the "Critical Dictionary of English Literature, and British and American Authors," which, a vast undertaking, gave him little time for other employments. In 1854 the first volume was published and its author became an acknowledged authority on the subjects of which it treated. It was seventeen years before the second and third volumes appeared. His dictionary contains critical and biographical notices of 46,000 British and ​American authors. In connection with it he compiled several books of prose and practical quotations and valuable indices to publications of importance. His religious tracts and handbook are also well known. In 1867 he was made book editor and corresponding secretary of the American Sunday school union, retaining the office for six years, and holding it again from 1877 to 1879. His publications, additional to those previously mentioned, are: "A Review by a Layman of a work, entitled, New Themes for the Protestant Clergy" (1852); "New Themes Condemned" (1853); "An Alphabetical Index to the New Testament" (1868); "Explanatory Questions on the Gospels and the Acts" (1869); "Union Bible Companion" (1871); "Poetical Quotations, from Chaucer to Tennyson" (1873); "Prose Quotations, from Socrates to Macaulay" (1876); and "Great Authors of All Ages, being selections from the prose works of eminent writers from the time of Pericles to the present day" (1880). In 1879, when the Lenox library was newly endowed he was invited to become the Librarian. He accepted and removed to New York city, but failing health compelled him to resign his position in 1888, and he died Sept. 2, 1889.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Allston, Joseph

​ALLSTON, Joseph, governor of South Carolina, was born near Charleston in 1778, son of William and Rebecca (Motte) Allston. He was elected to the state legislature, where he served for several years, and was afterwards elected governor, serving from 1812 to 1814. His wife, Theodosia, was the daughter of Aaron Burr, and on that account he was suspected of being a party to Burr's disloyalty, and of aiding him in his scheme for founding an empire in Mexico. He died Sept. 10, 1816.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Alley, John Buffum

​ALLEY, John Buffum, representative, was born in Lynn, Mass., Jan. 7, 1817. He learned the trade of shoemaker and engaged in the manufacture of shoes until 1886, when he retired. He was one of the originators of the Free-soil movement; a member of Governor Boutwell's council, 1851; state senator, 1852, and chairman of the committee on railroads; member of the state constitutional convention, 1853; represented his state in the 36th-39th congresses, 1859-'67, and served as chairman of the committee on post-offices and post roads. During the civil war he contributed largely to the support of the war and was financial manager of the Union Pacific railroad. He died in Lynn, Mass., Jan. 19, 1896.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Allison, Joseph

​ALLISON, Joseph, jurist, was born at Harrisburg, Pa., in 1819, and admitted to the bar in 1843. Shortly afterward he located in Philadelphia and soon took a leading position at the local bar. He was first elected to the bench in 1851 by a fusion of the native American and Whig parties. After that he was regularly re-elected on the republican ticket, and in his last two elections was indorsed by the democrats. From 1865 Judge Allison was presiding judge of the court of common pleas. He possessed an essentially judicial mind and his knowledge of the law made his decisions and rulings generally sustained by the higher courts. He died in Philadelphia, Pa., Feb. 8, 1896.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Allerton, Isaac

​ALLERTON, Isaac, pilgrim, was born in England about 1583, and embarked in the Mayflower in 1620. He signed the Compact; was a man of property, and accompanied Myles Standish on his visit to Massasoit. He became an agent of the colonists; was sent to England several times, but had a quarrel with them and was dismissed in 1631. He tried to establish himself as a trader on the Kennebec grant and at Penobscot; but his station at the latter post was destroyed by the French. He made several unsuccessful attempts at Machias in 1633, and in 1634 lost a vessel and valuable cargo, when returning from France. He was forced to leave Marblehead in 1635, and was chosen first a burgher, and afterward a member of the council of New Amsterdam in 1643. He resided in New Haven from 1643 until his death in 1659.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Allin, Roger

​ALLIN, Roger, governor of North Dakota, was born at Bradworthy, Eng., Dec. 18, 1848. When he was quite young his parents settled at Oshawa, Canada, and there his boyhood was spent. He was educated in the common schools and high school of Oshawa, and in 1868 he went to Michigan, where he occupied himself in farming until 1878, when he removed to North Dakota, buying a tract of land from the government. Becoming a citizen of the United States, he identified himself with the Republican party, and when the organization known as the Farmers' Alliance was formed, he was, for a number of years, one of its most active leaders. In 1886 he was elected to the territorial council and re-elected in 1888; and in May, 1889, was chosen a member of the constitutional convention for North Dakota, and was active in securing the incorporation of the prohibition law into the constitution. The same year he was elected by the Republicans to represent the 3rd senatorial district in the first State senate, and in 1890 he was chosen lieutenant-governor. In 1894 he was nominated by acclamation for the governorship of North Dakota, was elected, and filled the office 1895-7.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Allison, Burgess

​ALLISON, Burgess, educator, was born in Bordentown, N.J., Aug. 17, 1753. When but sixteen years old he began to preach in the Baptist church, and after attendance at the college of Rhode Island in 1777 he settled in his native town, where he preached for a short time, and then founded a very successful classical boarding school. In 1879 he received the honorary degree of A.M. from the college of Rhode Island, and that of D.D. in 1804. In 1796 he relinquished teaching, and invented and introduced into use some valuable improvements on the steam-engine in its adaptation to steam navigation. In 1801, he returned to his teaching and preaching, but the condition of his health soon obliged him to discontinue both. In 1816 he was elected first chaplain of the house of representatives, and from 1816 to 1824 held the same position at the U. S. navy yard in Washington. He contributed frequently to magazines, but wrote no books. He died in Washington, D. C., Feb. 20, 1827.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Allison, John

​ALLISON, John, representative, was born in Beaver county, Pa., Aug. 5, 1812, son of the Hon. James Allison, a member of the 18th Congress. He studied law, but never practised; was a member of the Pennsylvania assembly 1846-47 and in 1849, and was elected a representative in the 32d and 34th congresses as a Whig, serving 1851-53, and 1855-57. He declined a third term; was appointed registrar of the U.S. treasury, April 1, 1869, and held that office until his death at Washington, D.C., March 23, 1873.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Allison, William Boyd

​ALLISON, William Boyd, senator, was born at Perry, Wayne county, Ohio., March 2, 1829. He was of Scotch-Irish ancestry. His father, John Allison, removed from Bellefonte, Pa., where he was born, to the newly settled state of Ohio, in 1823. In 1845 William Boyd was sent to the academy at Wooster, Ohio., where he remained two years; he then studied for a year at Allegheny college, Pa. In 1848 he returned to Wooster, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1850. In 1855 he was a candidate to the Whig convention that nominated Salmon P. Chase for governor. In 1856 he supported John C. Fremont for President, and was an unsuccessful candidate for the office of district attorney for his county. He married a daughter of Daniel Carter, of Wooster, and in 1857 located in Dubuque, Ia., where he opened a law office and took an active interest in politics, being in 1859 a delegate to the republican state convention. In ​1860 he was chosen a delegate to the Chicago convention. When the civil war broke out he was appointed upon Governor Kirkwood's staff. In 1863 he was elected representative in the 38th Congress, and was returned to the 39th, 40th, and 41st congresses. In 1870 he declined a re-nomination, and contested with George G. Wright, of Des Moines, for a seat in the senate. He failed of an election, but in 1872 defeated James Harlan, and took his seat March 4, 1873. He was re-elected in 1878, '84, '90, and '96. In 1880 President Garfield tendered him the treasury portfolio, which he declined. The same position was urged upon him by President Harrison in 1888. While a representative in Congress he bore an active part in all the war legislation of the period, and as a member of the ways and means committee opposed the tariff act of 1870. As a member of the finance committee in the senate he was brought in contact with the great interests of both the east and the west, and while in no sense sectional in his political views, he became recognized beyond the Mississippi as the champion of western interests, mainly by his amendment to the Bland silver bill. In 1892 Mr. Allison was chairman of the American delegates who attended the international monetary conference in Brussels, where he acquitted himself with great ability, maintaining the American contention for the use of both metals, and winning the respect of the delegates. He was re-elected to the U.S. senate in 1902 for the term 1903-09. He received the honorary degree of LL.D. from Western Reserve University in 1879 and from Cornell in 1887. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the presidential nomination before the Republican national convention of 1888, and again in 1896. In the senate he was chairman of the committee on appropriations.
# The Atlantic Monthly/Volume 18/Number 107

September 1866 Edition
THE
ATLANTIC MONTHLY.
A Magazine of Literature, Science, Art, and Politics.
VOL. XVIII.—SEPTEMBER, 1866.—NO. CVII.
* The Surgeon's Assistant.
* On Translating the Divina Commedia.
* Woman's Work in the Middle Ages.
* Passages from Hawthorne's Note-Books.
* University Reform.
* The Voice.
* Life Assurance.
* A Distinguished Character.
* The Bobolinks.
* Griffith Gaunt; or, Jealousy.
* The Chimney-Corner for 1866.
* An Italian Rain-Storm.
* Incidents of the Portland Fire.
* My Little Boy.
* Lake Champlain.
* Yesterday.
* The Johnson Party.
* Reviews and Literary Notices.
* Recent American Publications.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
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# The Atlantic Monthly/Volume 18/Number 106/The Miner

Featured in Volume 18, Number 106 of The Atlantic Monthly. (August 1866)
THE MINER.
Down 'mid the tangled roots of things That coil about the central fire, I seek for that which giveth wings, To stoop, not soar, to my desire.
Sometimes I hear, as 't were a sigh, The sea's deep yearning far above. "Thou hast the secret not," I cry, "In deeper deeps is hid my Love."
They think I burrow from the sun, In darkness, all alone and weak; Such loss were gain if He were won. For 't is the sun's own Sun I seek.
The earth, they murmur, is the tomb That vainly sought his life to prison; Why grovel longer in its gloom? He is not here; He hath arisen.
More life for me where He hath lain Hidden, while ye believed him dead, Than in cathedrals cold and vain, Built on loose sands of "It is said."
My search is for the living gold, Him I desire who dwells recluse, And not his image, worn and old, Day-servant of our sordid use.
If Him I find not, yet I find The ancient joy of cell and church, The glimpse, the surety undefined, The unquenched ardor of the search.
Happier to chase a flying goal, Than to sit counting laurelled gains, To guess the Soul within the soul, Than to be lord of what remains.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
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# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Acrelius, Israel

Edition of 1879. See also Israel Acrelius on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
ACRELIUS, Israel, a Swedish clergyman, born Dec. 25, 1714, died April 25, 1800. He studied in Upsal, and was ordained in 1743. In 1749 he was appointed provost of the Swedish congregations on the Delaware, and pastor of Raccoon and Pensneck, and subsequently of Christiana. He managed the ecclesiastical affairs of the Swedish colonists, which he found
in great disorder, with zeal and prudence. Ill health, however, compelled him to resign his situation in 1756, and return to Sweden. The king bestowed upon him a large pension, and the lucrative living of Fellingsbro. Besides some articles on American affairs in the Swedish journals, and numerous religious works, Acrelius published a description of the Swedish colonies in America (4to, 1759).
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Adit

Edition of 1879. See also Adit on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
ADIT (Lat. aditus, entrance), a horizontal passage made into mines for the purpose of draining them, and also for the extraction of their products at the lowest convenient level. In very mountainous regions adits often present the readiest means of access to the mineral veins known to exist in the interior of precipitous hills. Enormous sums have been expended in the silver region of Mexico in these exploring adits. One of the most
famous adits in the world is that of Klausthal, in the Hartz, which is 6½ miles long, and passes upward of 300 yards below the church of Klausthal. Its excavation lasted from the year 1777 till 1800, and cost about $330,000. The adit which drains the district of Gwenap, in Cornwall, is estimated with its branches to extend a distance of 30 miles; its mouth is in a valley near the sea, and from it are discharged the superficial waters of numerous mines, as also all the water pumped up in them to its level. One of the most extensive adits in the world was commenced in the beginning of the present century by the Austrian government, and is called by the name of Joseph II. Its mouth is in the banks of the river Gran, in Hungary, and it passes by the mines of Hodritz toward those of Schemnitz, about 10 miles. The object of its construction is partly to explore for new veins, and in part to drain mines already in operation. A work of similar magnitude has been undertaken in the Washoe mining district of Nevada, for the purpose of developing the Comstock lode. It is known as the Sutro tunnel, and the plan was to commence at the Carson river, 150 feet above the stream, and to excavate a space of 12 by 14 feet to a distance of 19,790 feet, when the lode would be cut at a depth of 1,898 feet below the outcrop. A cross tunnel was to be constructed along the ledge about 12,000 feet, to connect with all the mines, and four shafts were to be sunk for ventilation. A company for its construction received large privileges from congress in 1866, and afterward application was made for a government subsidy. A commission was appointed to examine the project, which early in 1872 reported unfavorably, estimating the cost at $4,418,329. The work was not then far advanced, but has since been vigorously prosecuted both upon the main tunnel and the shafts.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Agardh, Karl Adolf

Edition of 1879. See also Carl Adolph Agardh and Jacob Georg Agardh on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
AGARDH. I. Karl Adolf, a Swedish naturalist, born at Bastad, Jan. 22, 1785, died in Carlstad, Jan. 28, 1859. In 1807 he was appointed teacher of mathematics in the university of Lund, and in 1812 professor of botany and natural sciences. He was admitted to holy orders in 1816, and was made bishop of Carlstad in 1834. He devoted considerable attention to political economy, and also wrote on theological and other subjects, but his reputation chiefly rests on his botanical works, especially Systema, Species, and Icones Algarum (1824, 1820-'28, and 1828-'35). The greatest part of his “Manual of Botany” (2 vols., Malmoe, 1829-'32) has been translated into German. II. Jacob Georg, son of the preceding, born at Lund in 1813, has been since 1854 professor of botany there. His principal work, Species, Genera et Ordines Algarum (4 vols., Lund, 1848-'63), is regarded as a standard authority.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Aimon, or Aymon

Edition of 1879. See also Duke Aymon on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​AIMON, or Aymon, the four sons of, Alard, Richard, Guiscard, and Renaud, are among the most illustrious of the warriors and heroes celebrated in the mediæval romances of chivalry. Aimon is variously reported to have been duke of Dordogna, prince of Ardennes, and provincial governor under Charlemagne. Froissart seriously relates their eventful career, but by the moderns their existence has been transferred from the realm of history to that of poetry. The eldest, Renaud or Roland, is the hero of the "Orlando Furioso" of Ariosto. Their adventures with those of their single horse, famed under the name of Bayard, were probably at first oral traditions in Provence, but have been repeated in various forms in the literature of every European nation.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Absalon

Edition of 1879. See also Absalon on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
ABSALON or Axel, a Danish statesman, soldier, and ecclesiastic, born in 1128, died in 1201. He was educated at the university of Paris. He was related to the royal family, and was the chief minister and general of Waldemar I. (1157-'82) and Canute VI.; was elected bishop of Roeskilde in 1158, and archbishop of Lund and primate of Scandinavia in 1178; and was equally distinguished for piety, statesmanship, and military skill and valor. He put down the Wendish pirates who infested the Baltic, followed them up to their island home of Rügen, destroyed the temple of their god Svantevit at Arkona, and forced them to receive Christianity. The code of Waldemar was partly his work, as also the ecclesiastical code of Seeland. On his encouragement, Saxo Grammaticus composed his history of Denmark, the first continuous Scandinavian history ever written. Later he overcame the Pomeranian prince Bogislas, and made him do homage to the Danish king. He constructed a little fort, named after him Axelhuus, for defence against pirates, around which Copenhagen was gradually reared.