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# World Labor Unity

WORLD LABOR UNITY
by SCOTT NEARING
SOCIAL SCIENCE PUBLISHERS 7 West 106th Street New York City
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BOOKS BY SCOTT NEARING
Educational Frontiers.
Dollar Diplomacy. (Collaboration with Joseph Freeman)
The American Empire.
The Next Step.
Wages in the United States.
Financing the Wage Earner's Family.
Reducing the Cost of Living.
Anthracite.
Poverty and Riches.
Social Adjustment.
Social Religion.
Woman and Social Progress. (Collaboration with Nellie Nearing)
The Super Race.
Elements of Economics.
The New Education.
Economics.
Community Civics. (Collaboration with Jessie Field)
Solution of the Child Labor Problem.
Social Sanity.
FOUR IMPORTANT PAMPHLETS BY SCOTT NEARING
Russia Turns East.
British Labor Bids for Power.
World Labor Unity.
Glimpses of the Soviet Republic.
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WORLD LABOR UNITY
by SCOTT NEARING
"Now that capital has been internationalised, there is only one way in which the workers can offer an effective resistance to the capitalist onslaught, namely by the compact international organisation of their own forces, and by an uncompromising struggle conducted with the massed strength of the internationally unified proletariat."—Edo Fimmen, Labour's Alternatives.
SOCIAL SCIENCE PUBLISHERS 7 West 106th Sreet New York City
page
WORLD LABOR UNITY
| 1. | Issues Before Labor. |
| 2. | Labor Dis-Unity. |
| 3. | The International Federation of Trade Unions (I.F.T.U.—Amsterdam). |
| 4. | The Red International of Labor Unions (R.I.L.U.—Moscow). |
| 5. | The American Federation of Labor Breaks Away. |
| 6. | Moscow Negotiates with Amsterdam. |
| 7. | Bramley's Amsterdam Speech. |
| 8. | British and Russian Unions Fraternize. |
| 9. | Report of the British Delegation to Russia. |
| 10. | The Unity Conference in London, April, 1925. |
| 11. | The London Unity Agreement. |
| 12. | Moscow Continues Negotiations. |
| 13. | The British Trade Union Congress, September, 1925. |
| 14. | Unity Sentiment Grows. |
| 15. | Next Steps Toward World Labor Unity. |
Copyright, 1926 SOCIAL SCIENCE PUBLISHERS
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published in 1926, before the cutoff of January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1983, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 40 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
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# World Labor Unity/Chapter 10

X. The Unity Conference in London, April, 1925
The Anglo-Russian Trade Union Unity Conference held in London in April, 1925, was dominated by the atmosphere of the British Trade Union Report on conditions in Russia. Both the Soviet and the British delegations included some of the most prominent figures in the trade union movement in their respective countries. A, B, Swales presided at the Conference sessions. The Soviet Delegation first stated its case. The British Delegation replied with a statement of its position. A joint committee appointed for the purpose drew up the text of an agreement and declaration of principles which constitutes one of the most important documents of modern Trade Union history.
# World Labor Unity/Chapter 12

XII. Moscow Continues Negotiations
During the course of the negotiations at the London Unity Conference the British delegation had proposed that the British Trades Union Council should submit to the I.F.T.U. two alternative courses of action: (1) "That the Bureau of the I.F.T.U. call an immediate conference with the All-Russian Council of Trade Unions for the purpose of considering the position arising" from the Amsterdam meeting. This failing, (2) "The British Trades Union Congress General Council will undertake to convene a conference and endeavor to promote International Unity by using its mediatory influence as between the Russian Trade Union Movement and the Amsterdam Bureau." In doing this, the British will be "inspired by a full appreciation of existing difficulties and a desire to create a united industrial International organisation capable of efficiently representing the International interests of the workers."
By way of fulfilling their part in this understanding, as soon as the findings of the London Unity Conference had been endorsed Tomsky, President, and Dogadov, Secretary of the All-Russian Council addressed to the General Council of the Amsterdam International a communication, in part as follows:
"We would once more inform you, comrades, that we are in favor of a single International of Trade Union Federations. ​Our aim, and, as we believe, the aim of the majority of the class-conscious workers of all countries, is the creation of a single International of the organised workers of the whole world, standing for the point of view of the class struggle and the final emancipation of the working class from the capitalist yoke. Compared with this great aim the constitutional question is of secondary importance. The Trade Unions of the U.S.S.R. are ready to affiliate to a united International Trade Union Federation whose constitution, in its general features, would not differ vitally from that of the I.F.T.U."
# Woman of the Century/Martha R. Field

​FIELD, Mrs. Martha R., journalist, widely known by her pen-name. "Catherine Cole," born in New Orleans, La., in 1856, where she passed her youth and received her education. She early showed her literary bent in rhymes, some of which were published in the New Orleans "Picayune," when she was only a child. She was a leader among the students in school, and soon after leaving the school-room she went into service on the "Picayune," of which journal her father was an editor She did various work in New Orleans, ​covering the entire field of city journalism. She afterwards worked on the San Francisco "Post." She became a wife, mother and widow all in a short space of time, and then turned her attention regularly
MARTHA R. FIELD. to journalistic work, and became a member of the staff of the New Orleans "Times." She was the first woman newspaper reporter to draw a salary in that city. She served for ten years as a leader-writer on the New Orleans "Picayune." Failing health compelled her to take a rest, and in 1890 she visited Great Britain. She has done a vast amount of work in the newspaper line, and she has won and holds a most enviable position in the South. Mrs. Field founded the first circulating library in New Orleans, and her pen has always been ready to aid the cause of literature and education.
# Woman of the Century/Martha Smith Taylor

​TAYLOR, Mrs. Martha Smith, author, born in Buxton, Me., in 1829. She is the daughter of David and Susan Warner Smith, formerly of Buxton, Me. Her father was educated in Deny, N. H. Her mother was the daughter of Captain Nathaniel Warner. Her maternal great-grandfather was the son of Capt. James Gregg, one of the original settlers of the town, who emigrated from Ayrshire, Scotland, in 1720. He was a man of ability and means, and procured a grant for the land upon which the city of Manchester and other towns, including Derry, were built. Soon after her father had completed his studies, he married and removed to Buxton, Me., where he became a successful teacher. MARTHA SMITH TAYLOR. Martha is the sixth of eight children. She early manifested a fondness for books. When she was six years old, her mother died, and two years later her father died. She was adopted by her maternal grandfather in Deny, N. H. At the age of seventeen she finished her education in the academy, in Derry, and soon after became the wife of George H. Taylor. He was active in business matters and filled many important official positions in his town and county. They have had three children, two daughters and one son. The son died in infancy. Mr. Taylor, with his family, removed to Pittsburgh, Pa., in 1867, for the benefit of his health, which was impaired by asthma, from which disease he died in 1889. Mrs. Taylor and one daughter still reside in that city. Mrs. Taylor has written for many years for the leading newspapers of Pittsburgh and New England. She has been special correspondent for several years for the Pittsburgh "Dispatch" and "Commercial Gazette" She is a staunch advocate of temperance and all moral reforms. Her poems have been published in the different newspapers with which she has been associated. She has rendered important service in the temperance and charitable work of Pittsburgh, and has taken especial interest in its progress in literature. She was for several years president of the Pittsburgh Woman's Club, and is still an active member. She belongs to the Travelers' Club of Allegheny, Pa.
# Woman of the Century/Martha Parmelee Rose

​ROSE, Mrs. Martha Parmelee, journalist, reformer and philanthropist, born in Norton, Ohio, 5th March, 1834. Her father, Theodore Hudson Parmelee, Went to Ohio in 1813 with the colony that founded Western Reserve College, then located in Hudson, Ohio. Educated under Lyman Beecher, he was too liberal to be an adherent of Calvin, and he accepted the views of Oberlin, which opened its college doors to the negro and to woman. In 1847 his widow removed to that village, and Martha, the youngest, from twelve years of age to womanhood heard the thrilling sermons of Charles G. Finney. MARTHA PARMALEE ROSE. She was graduated in 1855, and, when teaching in a seminary in Pennsylvania, became the wife of William G. Rose, a member of the legislature of that State, an editor and lawyer. In the oil development of 1864 he acquired a competency and removed to Cleveland, Ohio. Mrs. Rose, interested in the benevolent work of Cleveland, found that those who asked for aid often labored for wealthy firms, whose business was suspended in the winter, and that such idleness was the cause of pauperism and crime. During her husband's first term as mayor of Cleveland she investigated the reports of destitution among the Bohemians of her own city. She made it one object of her life to see for herself the sufferings of sewing women, and brought to light the frauds and extortion practiced upon them. A lecture by the sculptor. McDonald, of New York, gave an account of the manual training-schools of France and Sweden. Mrs. Rose reviewed the report of the Royal Commission of England for the daily press and sent copies of it to business men. Other lectures followed, and a manual training-school was established in Cleveland. She has written a book, not yet published, "The Story of a Life; or Pauperism in America." She has written on the labor question and kindred topics, and has reported numerous lectures and sermons on those subjects. She reviewed Mrs. Field's "How to Help the Poor," and some of its suggestions were used by the Associated Charities of Cleveland. She helped to form the Woman's Employment Society, which gave out garments to be made at reasonable prices and sold to home missions and centers of merchandise. Mrs. Rose is president of the new Cleveland Sorosis, carrying forward the enterprise with vigor and grace. She is a patron of art. She has reared a family
# Woman of the Century/Martha M. Frazier

​FRAZIER, Mrs. Martha M., educator and temperance worker, born near Springfield, Mass., 12th December, 1826. Her father's name was Albert Charlee, and her mother's maiden name was MARTHA M. FRAZIER. Chloe Melinda Hyde. Her only memory of her mother was of l>eing held to look at her as she lay in her cortin. Her father, being poor, took his young family west. They stopped in Washtenaw county. Mich., and he was taken ill, as were the children also, of whom one died. Being discouraged, he gave his children to kind-hearted neighbors and disappeared. Martha was adopted into the family of John and Lois Thompson, and was always known by that name. When in her eighth year, the family moved to Illinois, twenty-five miles west of Chicago, a country then nearly a wilderness. She had the same privileges as the re>t of the family, but a few terms in a select school in Warren ville rounded out her educational career, and that was gained on promising the good man of the house that she would wear her home manufactured woolen dress, which promise she kept. Afterward, in teaching district school, she received in compensation one dollar per week and hoarded around, then one dollar and fifty cents, and later two dollars and board herself, for which extravagance the board were censured. When nineteen years of age, while visiting a sister residing in Waukesha county, Wis., she became acquainted with a young farmer. W. M. Frazier, whose wife she afterward became. She is an ardent lover of the church of her choice, and is an active sympathizer and helper in all modern reforms. She is an uncompromising advocate of prohibition, total abstinence and equal priv ilege and equal purity for men and women. She is a member of the school board and superintendent of scientific temperance instruction, and is president of the local Woman's Christian Temperance Union, and also president of the home library association in Mukwonago, Wis.
# Woman of the Century/Martha Morton

​MORTON, Miss Martha, author and play-wright, born m New York, N. Y., in 1865. Her parents are English, and in 1875 she was taken to their native town in England, where she lived and studied for several years in an artistic atmosphere. Her early studies included a thorough course in English literature, and she became a profound student of dramatic form and style in composition. Her studies of the English classics were earnest and wide, and her own literary tastes and ambitions soon began to take form. Returning to New York City, she made her first effort in dramatic composition a fine dramatization of George Eliot's "Daniel Deronda." Her effort was encouraged by the late John Gilbert. She then devoted herself to study and composition for several years. One of her plays was put upon the boards by Clara Morris, and it still holds a place in the repertory of that great actor. In 1881, when the subject of high-pressure living was occupying public attention, she wrote her now famous play, "The Merchant." She presented the manuscript to a number of New York managers, who read it and returned it to her labeled "unavailable." Discouraged by repeated rejections, she put away the manuscript, and only when her family suggested to her that she compete for a prize offered by the New York "World" for the best play sent within a given time, did she draw it forth from her desk. Carrying the manuscript down town one day, she absent-mindedly left it on the counter of a shop, walked off and forgot the entire incident, until reminded of the approaching competition. The manuscript was recovered after much difficulty, won the first prize, and, after production in a matinee performance, was again threatened with oblivion. By accident the play was finally purchased, but another delay of twelve months occurred before it earned real success. Miss Morton is a profound student, is ardently ambitious, works for pure love of the profession, and is keenly critical of her own work. She composes very slowly and her fastidious taste involves an immense amount of labor. She has a new drama ready to place on the boards and has work laid ​out for several years to come. She is the author of "Geoffrey Middleton, Gentleman," an American play that has run successfully in New York City and other towns. Among her patrons is MARTHA MORTON. William H. Crane, the comedian. She has set up a high standard in her work and she labors diligently to reach it in every case. She is the youngest woman who ever became a successful playwright. She has a pleasant home in New York City, and her pecuniary returns from her work have given her abundant leisure to devote to her forthcoming plays.
# Woman of the Century/Martha Moulton Whittemore Keezer

​KEEZER, Mrs. Martha Moulton Whittemore, author, born in West Roxbury, Mass., 26th April, 1870. Her maiden name was Whittemore. She was the second daughter in a family of eight children. Her youth was spent on a country estate. She passed through the grammar and high schools rapidly, and at the age of sixteen years entered Cornell University, although her age was less by a year than the regulations in that institution provide for. She studied there two years, when she left school to begin a career in journalism. Her first contributions were published in the "Woman's Journal " Her work soon extended to daily papers and to a number of periodicals, including "Youth's Companion," the "Household," the "Home Magazine" and the " Woman's Illustrated World." Her articles were mainly in the educational line, but she also wrote juvenile articles for the "Young Idea" and other journals. She is now planning wider work. Her home since her marriage has been in Dorchester, Mass.
# Woman of the Century/Martha Perry Lowe

​LOWE, Mrs. Martha Perry, poet, born in Keene. N. H., 21st November, 1829. Her parents were Gen. Justus Perry and Hannah Wood. MARTHA PERRY LOWE. At the age of fifteen years she was sent to the famous school of Madame Sedgwick, in Lenox, Mass. After her graduation she spent a winter in Boston in the Study of music. A few years later she passed a winter in the West Indies, and the next year she visited in Madrid, Spain, with her brother, who was a member of the Spanish Legation, and who married Carolina Coronado, the poet laureate of Spain. In 1857 Miss Perry became the wife of Rev. Charles Lowe, a prominent clergyman in the Unitarian denomination of New England. After her marriage she published her first volume of poems, "The Olive and the Pine." The first part is devoted to Spain, and the latter to New England. A few years later she published another volume, "Love in Spain." which is a dramatic poem. The book also contains poems on the Civil War and on miscellaneous subjects. In 1874 her husband died. In 1884 she published his memoirs, a book not only full of interesting incidents of his life, but containing a vivid history of the liberal ​church of that period. In 1861 her "Chief Joseph" appeared, a metrical version of the eloquent speech of Chief Joseph before the council of white men, in order to awaken sympathy for the Indian cause. Her last publication was issued in 1891. Mrs. Lowe has constantly contributed to newspapers and periodicals, and has been frequently invited to read poems on public occasions. She has always taken an active part in the cause of woman suffrage and temperance. Her children are two daughters, happily married, who reside near their mother in Somerville. Mass
# Zinzendorff and Other Poems/Garafilia Mohalby

GARAFILIA MOHALBY.
A beautiful Greek girl, adopted by a benevolent family in Boston, who fell a victim to a rapid consumption, at the age of thirteen.
Sweet bird of Ispara! who fled
 From tyrants o'er the tossing sea,
And on the winds of freedom shed
 Thy wildly classic melody,
Love at thy tender warbling woke,
 A foreign land was home to thee,
And stranger accents fondly spoke
 The welcome of paternity.
Why was thy tarrying here so brief,
 Thou sheltered in affection's breast?
Here were no woes to wake thy grief,
 No dangers to disturb thy rest:—
Ah! thou hadst heard of that blest clime
 Where everlasting glories beam,—
Perchance its pageantry sublime
 Had burst upon thy raptured dream.
Thy bright wing spread. Should aught detain
 The prisoner in a cage of clay,
When echoing from the heavenly plain
 Congenial tones forbid delay?
No.—Where no archer's shaft can fly,
 No winter check the tuneful sphere,
Rise wanderer to thy native sky,
 And warble in a Saviour's ear.
# Zinzendorff and Other Poems/Harvest Hymn

HARVEST HYMN.
This is the season, God of Grace,
 When man's full heart doth turn to Thee,
For now his eye can clearest trace
 Thy hand on vale and field and tree.
With hope he casts to earth the grain,
 When spring awakes the snow-drop cold,
With joy beholds bright Summer's rain
 And genial sun the germ unfold;
Yet fear will oft his breast pervade
 Even while he views the fertile soil
Lest storms destroy the tender blade
 And crush the promise of his toil:
But when blest Autumn's care displays
 His garners with their stores replete,
Then hope is lost in strains of praise,
 And fear in gratulations sweet.
Oh, may we ne'er by Famine dread
 Be taught these annual gifts to prize,
But be to grateful duty led
 By all the bounty of the skies.
# Zinzendorff and Other Poems/Home Missions

HOME MISSIONS.
Turn thee to thine own broad waters,
 Labor in thy native earth,
Call salvation's sons and daughters
 From the clime that gave thee birth.
Here are pilgrim-souls benighted,
 Here are evils to be slain,
Graces in their budding blighted,
 Spirits bound in error's chain.
Raise the Gospel's glorious streamer
 Where yon cloud-topp'd forest waves,
Follower of the meek Redeemer
 Serve him 'mid thy fathers' graves.
# Zinzendorff and Other Poems/Friendship with the Dead

FRIENDSHIP WITH THE DEAD.
Eye of the Dead! thy sacred beam
Is with me, wheresoe'er I rove,
As moonlight tints the mirror'd stream,
With Heaven's reflected smile of love.
I stood amid thy kindred band,
Explor'd thy haunts of classic thought,
And in thy treasur'd casket scann'd
The polish'd gems by Genius wrought;
And still, thy breath ethereal fann'd
In that blest home, affection's flame,
While strongly from the better land,
Thy pure, unearthly promptings came.
The living eye on ours may gaze,
The warm lip pour the wealth of mind,
Brow beam on brow congenial rays,
And hand in hand be firmly join'd,
But nearer, though unseen may flit
The hovering seraph's wing serene,
And soul to soul be closer knit
Even with this veil of flesh between.
Eye of the dead! with guardian ray
Like star amid the arch of night,
Still deign to guide my pilgrim-way
To realms of uncreated light.