OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Mosher, Jacob Simmons

Edition of 1900.
​MOSHER, Jacob Simmons, physician, b. in Coeyman's, Albany co., N. Y., 19 March, 1834; d. in Albany, N. Y., 13 Aug., 1883. He removed with his parents to New Brunswick, N. J., and in 1853 entered Rutgers college, but left it near the close of his junior year. Soon afterward he came to Albany and for a time was principal of a public school there. He was graduated at Albany medical college in 1863, appointed instructor in chemistry and experimental philosophy in Albany academy, and in 1865 made professor of chemistry in that institution, serving until 1870. In 1864 he was commissioned a volunteer surgeon, and subsequently he was appointed assistant medical director for the state of New York. In July, 1864, he had been appointed lecturer on chemistry in the Albany medical college, and in December following he was appointed professor of chemistry and medical jurisprudence, serving also as registrar and librarian of the college from 1865. In 1870 he resigned his professorship, having been appointed deputy health and executive officer of the port of New York, but he resigned in 1876 and returned to Albany and again entered on the practice of his profession. In January of that year he had been appointed professor of medical jurisprudence and hygiene in Albany medical college, and re-elected registrar, and in 1881 he was made professor of pathology, practice, clinical medicine, and hygiene, which post he held till his death. In 1878 he served as a member of the commission of experts, appointed by President Hayes, to study the origin and cause of the yellow-fever epidemic of that year, and the effectual work of this board, though their report was not published by the government, resulted in the creation of the National board of health. He was one of the founders, trustees, and professors of Albany college of pharmacy, which was established in 1881, and the president of its faculty. He was a member of many medical societies, a fellow of the New York academy of medicine, and president of the Albany county medical society in 1882. Rutgers gave him the degree of Ph. D. in 1878. He was a member of the Albany board of health, and its chairman at the time of his death.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Morwitz, Edward

Edition of 1900.
​MORWITZ, Edward, publisher, b. in Dantzic, Prussia, 12 June, 1815; d. in Philadelphia, 13 Dec., 1893. He studied at the universities of Halle, Leipsic, and Berlin, received in 1841, from the latter, the degree of M. D., and was made first assistant of the Hufelande clinic there. In 1850 he came to this country, settling in Philadelphia, where in 1853 he purchased the “German Democrat,” which was long edited and published by him. He also became the owner of the “Pennsylvanian” and the “Age,” which he conducted for some time, and he was the owner of various printing-houses in several of the states, from which he issued more than 200 newspapers. Dr. Morwitz invented an improved needle-gun. He published numerous books, including a “History of Medicine” (Leipsic, 1845) and “German-American Dictionary” (Philadelphia, 1882).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Mosquera, Tomás Cipriano de

Edition of 1900.
MOSQUERA, Tomás Cipriano de, Colombian statesman, b. in Popayan, 30 Sept., 1798; d. in Coconuco, 7 Oct., 1878. He entered the patriot army in 1813, and in 1816 was taken prisoner by the Spaniards, but escaped to Jamaica. On his return, early in 1819, he joined the patriot forces again, and took part in all the campaigns of Colombia and Peru, the latter under Bolivar, who promoted him to the rank of general in 1829, and sent him as envoy to Peru. After Bolivar's death he emigrated to the United States, and travelled through Europe, returning to his country in 1833 to occupy a seat in congress. He became a skilful and distinguished soldier in the civil wars of his country, and played an important part in her history. He was senator, secretary of state, minister to foreign countries, and president of the republic. Under his administration, from 1845 till 1848, the country prospered in every respect. In 1859 he was eommander-in-chief in the revolution that overthrew the conservative government of Ospina. He summoned a convention for the constitution of a new government, according to the federal system and on the most liberal principles. Capital punishment was abolished, religious toleration was proclaimed, and freedom of the press was established. Congress granted Mosquera in 1863 the title of grand-general, and in 1864 an annual pension of $12,000. In 1866 he was again elected president, but in May, 1867, by a successful revolution, he was deprived of his office, tried, and banished to Lima, where he was crowned with honors and granted a pension. After three years he returned, and became governor of the state of Cauca and member of congress. He was a member of several scientific societies, and wrote a “Vida de Bolívar” (New York, 1853) and a “Memoria sobre geografía física y política de la Nueva Granada.”
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Mosler, Henry

Edition of 1900.
​MOSLER, Henry, artist, b. in New York city, 6 June, 1841. He went with his family to Cincinnati in 1851, and three years later to Nashville, Tenn. Here his talent for art was first shown by some engravings that he made on blocks of wood with crude tools. After this his father gave him what assistance he could toward perfecting his drawing, and he obtained later his first knowledge of painting in oils from George Kerr, an amateur. In 1855 he returned with his family to Cincinnati, where for a year he was a draughtsman for the “Omnibus,” a comic weekly. He then went to Richmond, whence he returned in 1857. In 1859 he became a pupil of James H. Beard, in whose studio he painted until 1861. In 1862-'3 he followed the western army as art correspondent for “Harper's Weekly.” He was appointed on Gen. William Nelson's staff, and while the army was in camp painted portraits of that officer, Gen. Richard W. Johnson, Gen. Lovell H. Rousseau, and others. He went to Europe in 1863, studying for two and a half years under Mücke and Kindler in Düsseldorf, and for six months under Ernest Hébert in Paris. He returned to the United States in 1866, remaining eight years, during which time he produced numerous pictures, notably his “Lost Cause,” which achieved for him a national reputation. On his return to Europe in 1874 he studied for three years under Piloty in Munich, where he won a medal at the Royal academy. In 1877 he removed to Paris, where he has since resided, with the exception of a brief visit to this country in 1885, when he exhibited a collection of his works in New York and Cincinnati. His “Le retour,” exhibited at the Paris salon of 1879, was bought by the French government for the Musée du Luxembourg, and in 1885 he was the recipient at the exhibition of the American art association of one of the four cash prizes for his “Last Sacrament.” He also won a medal at the international exhibition at Nice in 1884. His best-known works include “Early Cares” and “Quadroon Girl” (1878); “The Return” and “Les femmes et les secrets” (1879); “Purchase of the Wedding Gown” and “Spinning Girl” (1880); “Night after the Battle” and “Return of the Fisherwomen” (1881); “Discussing the Marriage Contract” (1882); “Wedding Morning” and “Rainy Day” (1883); “Last Sacrament” and “Village Clockmaker” (1884); “Approaching Storm” (1885); and “Visit of the Marquise” (1886-'7).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Mosquera, Ruy Garcia

Edition of 1900.
​MOSQUERA, Ruy Garcia (moss-kay'-rah), Spanish adventurer, b. in Seville in 1501; d. in Asuncion, Paraguay, in 1555. Nothing is known of his life before 1526, when he served under Sebastien Cabot (q. v.) in the expedition that sailed from Cadiz in January, 1526, for the river Plate. In 1530, when Cabot determined to abandon his establishment and return to Europe, Mosquera urged the advisability of continuing the establishment in the hope of better times, and as a result Cabot left him behind with Nuño de Lara and 170 men. The Spaniards made a truce with the Indians, and promoted good relations. Mangóre (q. v.), cacique of the Timbu tribe, conceived a passion for Lucia, the wife of Sebastian Hurtado, one of the garrison, and during the absence of Lara and Mosquera captured and burned the fort and carried off Lucia. He met with the Spanish forces on their return, and Lara and the greater part of the Spaniards perished, only a few escaping with Mosquera in a small boat, in which they descended the river Plate to the ocean. They built a fortress near Cape Santa Maria, and, being threatened by the Portuguese, Mosquera attacked them and drove them beyond San Vicente, which he plundered. He established himself afterward in the island of Santa Catharine, but when Pedro de Mendoza (q. v.) arrived in 1535 and founded Buenos Ayres, Mosquera, with his colonists, sailed to join his countrymen and after the destruction of ​Buenos Ayres settled in Asuncion, where his descendants still live.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Morton, Thomas

Edition of 1900.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Moss, Frank

Edition of 1900. Supplement.
MOSS, Frank, lawyer, b. in Cold Spring, N. Y., 16 March, 1860. He received a common-school education, and studied in the College of the city of New York, but did not complete his course there. He then took up the practice of law in New York city. Mr. Moss is counsel for the Society for the prevention of crime. During the Lexow investigation of municipal affairs in New York city in 1895 he was assistant counsel to the investigating committee, and during a similar investigation in 1899, conducted by a committee of which Robert Mazet was chairman, Mr. Moss acted as counsel in charge. In 1897 he was president of the New York board of police. He has written a history of New York city in three volumes, entitled “The American Metropolis” (New York, 1897).
# Art

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Art."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Art, a poem by Florence Earle Coates ("She stood a vision vestureless and fair")
* Art, a poem by Ralph Waldo Emerson ("Give to barrows, trays and pans")
* Art, a poem by Richard Watson Gilder ("A little, loosened leaf of painted paper")
* Art, a poem by Richard Watson Gilder ("Following the sun, westward the march of power")
* Art, a poem by Antonín Klášterský ("I penned a mighty epic poem of yore")
# Art (Coates)

"She stood a vision vestureless and fair"
* Coates, Florence Earle (1893), "Art" in The Century Magazine (June 1893).
* Coates, Florence Earle (1898), "Art" in Poems.
* Coates, Florence Earle (1916), "Art" in Poems II.

## References

* ↑ View this version at Google Books.
# Art (Emerson)

Give to barrows, trays and pans
* Art in May-day and other pieces (1867)
* Art in Poems (Household Edition, 1904)
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Lowther, George

Edition of 1900.
​LOWTHER, George, English buccaneer, b. in England; d. on Blanco island, off the coast of Venezuela, in 1722. He was an officer on one of the ships belonging to the Royal company of Africa, and in 1721, while stationed at the mouth of the Gambia, seized the vessel with the aid of Capt. Massey, an officer of infantry. Lowther harangued his followers, showing them that it would be madness to return to England, and that it was better to seek their fortunes on the high seas than expose themselves to certain death. The crew applauded, and a covenant was signed by them with their leader and sworn to on the Bible. They sailed for the Antilles, where they made several captures. A quarrel then took place between Lowther and Massey, who wished to attack the French colonies, and the latter was allowed to take charge of a captured sloop, with ten men. He sailed for Jamaica, where the governor treated him kindly and gave him money to go to London. He confessed his misdeeds to the African company, and was tried and executed in July, 1723. Meanwhile Lowther seized many ships, but afterward, when he had put into Porto Mayo to rest and refit, was attacked by the inhabitants, and forced to retreat with loss. After this Lowther was for some time very successful, but afterward he attacked a vessel that beat him off and pursued him, and he was forced to run his vessel aground in order to escape by land with his crew. He lost so many men in this action that he was obliged to retire to a small island, where he passed the winter of 1722. On the return of spring he sailed for Newfoundland. The pirates stopped on the way at Blanco island, off the coast of Venezuela, where Capt. Walter Moore, who commanded a vessel belonging to the South sea company, attacked them and took many prisoners, but Lowther and some others escaped to land. Moore sailed to Cumana, and afterward to St. Kitt's, with his prissoners, most of whom were hanged. The Spanish governor of Cumana sent a detachment of soldiers to Blanco island, where Lowther was discovered dead, having probably committed suicide.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Lotter, Friedrich August

Edition of 1900. This is a fictitious person. The 1888 edition refers to him as Frederic August Lotter. The botanists of the Malaspina expedition were Thaddaéus Haenke and Luis Née, not Lotter, while there are style errors in the titles of four of the alleged literary works.
​LOTTER, Friedrich August, German botanist, b. in Kleinaupe, Moravia, in 1741; d. in Gotha in 1806. He studied in Prague, and in 1789 was attached as botanist to the expedition that was sent by the Spanish government around the world under command of Capt. Malaspina. Lotter being taken sick in Concepcion, Chili, was unable to accompany the expedition. He rejoined it at Acapulco in 1791, but soon left it again and explored the interior of Mexico as far as Lower ​California. Afterward he visited Peru, Chili, and the Argentine provinces, returning in 1795 to Europe, where he became professor of natural history at the College of Gotha. He published “ De Usu et ratione experimentorum in perficiendi historia naturali” (Prague, 1787; revised and enlarged ed., Gotha, 1796); “Vermium fluvialum Americanarum, sive animalium infusorium helminthorum et testaceorum historia” (Gotha, 1796); “Flora Mexicana” (2 vols., 1798); “Flora Peruana” (2 vols., 1800); “Reisen durch Mexico und Süd-Amerika” (2 vols., 1801); “Compendium plantarum sponte crescentium circa Conceptium in quo familiae per tabulas disponuntur” (2 vols., 1802); “Icones plantarum Americanarum rarium” (2 vols., 1803); and several less important works.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Lowell, Percival

Edition of 1900. Supplement.
LOWELL, Percival, b. in Boston, 13 March, 1855. He was educated at the Latin school, Boston, and Harvard university, and is known as a writer, traveller, and astronomical investigator. The following is a list of his works: “Chosön: The Land of the Morning Calm” (Boston, 1886); “The Soul of the Far East” (1888); “Noto: An Unexplored Corner of Japan” (1891); “The Eve of the French Revolution” (1892); and “Occult Japan, or the Way of the Gods” (1895).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Lott, John A.

Edition of 1900.
​LOTT, John A., jurist, b. in 1805; d. in Flatbush, L. I., 20 July, 1878. He was graduated at Union in 1823, studied law, and began practice in Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1835. In 1838 he was elected county judge of Kings county, which office he held for four years. In 1841 he was a member of the state assembly, and in 1842-'6 a state senator. He was justice of the supreme court in 1857-'65, and judge of the court of appeals in 1869. He was also a member of the commission of appeals from 1870 until it completed its labors in 1875. In the latter year he was appointed on a commission to draft a uniform law for the government of cities in the state. Until a short time before his death he was president of the Flatbush and Coney Island railroad. He received the degree of LL. D. from Union college in 1859.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Lottenschiold, Mathias

Edition of 1900. This is a fictitious person. There is a spelling error in one of the titles of the alleged literary works. There is also a remarkable disconnect in that the subject is described as an explorer, but two of the titles of his alleged literary works refer to metallurgy and geognosy, while there is also a glaring factual error in that the Jesuits, a religous order, are referred to as a company.
​LOTTENSCHIOLD, Mathias (lot'-ten-ske-old), German explorer, b. in Greifenberg, Pomerania, in 1729; d. in Arolsen, Waldeck, in 1782. He was a Jesuit, and was employed for fifteen years in the missions of Uruguay and Paraguay, where he had special charge of the manufacturing that was done by the Indians for the company. After the expulsion of the order in 1767, he remained in the country as a teacher, and severed his connection with his former colleagues, becoming converted to Protestantism toward the close of his career. As he was in comfortable circumstances, he devoted several years to the exploration of South America before returning home, visited Peru, Chili, and Central America in 1770-'4, and published “Metallurgische Reisen durch Amerika” (2 vols., Leipsic, 1776); “Geognostische Bemerkungen über die basaltischen Gebilde der Cordilleren von Peru” (Dresden, 1779); “Reise auf dem La Plata- und Paraguay-Flusse” (2 vols., Leipsic, 1780); “Umgebungen von Rio de Janeiro” (1780); “Geschichte der Entdeckung von Paraguay” (1781): “Geschichte und Zustände der Indianer in Süd-Amerika” (2 vols., 1782); and several less important works.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Lovejoy, Elijah Parish

Edition of 1900.
LOVEJOY, Elijah Parish, abolitionist, b. in Albion, Me., 9 Nov., 1802; d. in Alton, Ill., 7 Nov., 1837. He was the son of a Presbyterian clergyman, was graduated at Waterville college in 1826, and in 1827 went to St. Louis, Mo., and established a school. He contributed prose and verse to the newspapers, was known as a vigorous writer, and in 1829 became editor of a political paper, in which he advocated the claims of Henry Clay as a candidate for the presidency. In 1832, in consequence of a change in his religious views, he decided to become a minister, and, after a course of theological study at Princeton, was licensed to preach by the Philadelphia presbytery on 18 April, 1833. On his return to St. Louis he established a religious paper called the “Observer,” in which he reprobated slavery. Repeated threats of mob violence impelled him to remove his paper in July, 1836, to Alton, Ill. His press was destroyed by mobs three times within a year; yet he procured a fourth one, and was engaged in setting it up, when a mob, composed mostly of Missourians, again attacked the office. With his friends he defended the building, and one of his assailants was killed. After the attacking party had apparently withdrawn, Mr. Lovejoy opened the door, when he was instantly pierced by five bullets and died in a few minutes. His “Memoir” was published by his brothers, Joseph C. and Owen, with an introduction by John Q. Adams (New York, 1838). See, also, “Narrative of Riots at Alton, in Connection with the Death of Lovejoy,” by Edward Beecher (Alton, 1838), and “The Martyrdom of Lovejoy,” by Henry Tanner (Chicago, 1881). — His brother, Owen, abolitionist, b. in Albion, Me., 6 Jan., 1811; d. in Brooklyn, N. Y., 25 March, 1864, worked on his father's farm till he was eighteen years old, and then entered Bowdoin, but left before graduation, emigrated to Alton, Ill., and studied theology. He was present when his brother was murdered, ​and was moved by that event to devote himself to the overthrow of slavery. He became pastor of a Congregational church at Princeton, Ill., in 1838. Although anti-slavery meetings were forbidden by the laws of Illinois, he openly held them in all parts of the state, announcing at each one the time and place for the next meeting. This course subjected him to frequent fines and to violence and intimidation; but by his eloquence and persistency he won many adherents, and eventually the repressive laws were repealed. He resigned his pastoral charge in 1854 on being elected a member of the legislature. In 1856 he was sent to congress, and was continued there by re-election until his death. At the beginning of the civil war he delivered in the house of representatives a remarkable speech against slavery, in which he recounted the circumstances of his brother's death.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Lothrop, Thomas

Edition of 1900.
​LOTHROP, Thomas, soldier, b. in England; d. near Bloody Brook, Deerfield township, Mass., 29 Sept., 1675. He resided for many years in Salem, of which town he became a freeman in or before 1634. He was a representative in the general court in 1647, 1653, and 1664. Subsequently he removed to Beverly, and with others organized a church there, and represented the town for four years in the general court. In the beginning of King Philip's war he was chosen captain of militia. He had a severe battle with the Indians near Hadley in August, 1675, and after the burning of Deerfield, while guarding the road to Hadley, was killed, with seventy of his men, only eight escaping.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VIII/Pseudo-Clementine Literature/The Clementine Homilies/Homily XI/Chapter 9

Chapter IX.—God a Jealous God.
“But, you say, we do better when we are thankful at once to Him and to all others. Now, when you say this, you do not know the plot that is formed against you. For as, when many physicians of no power promise to cure one patient, one who is really able to cure him does not apply his remedy, considering that, if he should cure him, the others would get the credit; so also God does not do you good, when He is asked along with many who can do nothing. What! it will be said, is God enraged at this, if, when He cures, another gets the credit? I answer: Although He be not indignant, at all events He will not be an accomplice in deceit; for when He has conferred a benefit, the idol, which has done nothing, is credited with the power. But also I say to you, if he who crouches in adoration before senseless idols had not been injured naturally, perhaps He (God) would have endured even this.  Wherefore watch ye that you may attain to a reasonable understanding on the matter of salvation. For God being without want, neither Himself needs anything, nor receives hurt; for it belongs to us to be profited or injured. For in like manner as Cæsar is neither hurt when he is evil spoken of, nor profited when he is thanked, but safety accrues to the renderer of thanks, and ruin to the evil-speaker, so they who speak well of God indeed profit Him nothing, but save themselves; and in like manner, those who blaspheme Him do not indeed injure Him, but themselves perish.

## Footnotes

* ↑ We have adopted the reading of Codex O. The reading in the others is corrupt.