OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Ende

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Ende | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Ende, n., ‘end, aim, termination,’ from the equiv. MidHG. ęnde, OHG. ęnti, m., n.; corresponds to OSax. ęndi, m., Du. einde, AS. ęnde, m., E. end, OIc. ender, ende, m., Goth. andeis, m. ‘end.’ The common Teut. stem andja-, from pre-Teut. antyá-, is closely connected with Sans ánta-s, m., ‘boundary, end, edge, border,’ OIr. êt (from anto-?), ‘end, point.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Enkel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Enkel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Enkel (1.), m., ‘ankle,’ from MidHG. ęnkel, m., OHG. ęnckil, anchal, m.; numerous primit. variants obscure the etymology. OIc. ǫkkla, n., AS. ǫncleów, n. (E. ankle), MidDu. anclau, OHG. anchlâo, ‘anklebone,’ seem to be modifications of the primary form, but do they suggest any connection with Klaue (comp. AS. ondcleów with oncleów)?. There is a difficulty in determining the relation of OHG. ęnchil, anchal, to anchlâo, and their further connection with MidHG. anke, m., ‘joint of the foot, nape’ (even now Anke in UpG. and MidG. dialects is the term for ‘nape, neck’), OHG. ęncha, f. (from ankia), ‘thigh, tibia’ (Fr. anche, ‘reed, mouthpiece’). Perhaps allied to Sans. án̄ga, ‘limb,’ an̄gúri, ‘finger.’
Enkel (2.), m., from the equiv. MidHG. ęnenkel, ęninkel, m., late OHG. ęninchilî(n), n., ‘grandson.’ Since even in MidHG. the forms ęnikel and ęniklîn appear, ModHG. Enkel is most closely connected with a form enekel, in which the medial e was syncopated. The termination inklîn is frequently found as a diminutive suffix; comp. AS. scipincel, ‘small ship,’ liþincel, ‘small limb,’ OHG. lęwinchilî(n), ‘small lion,’ huoninchilî(n), ‘chicken.’ Hence OHG. ęninchilî is a diminutive of Ahn, OHG. ano (Goth. *ana, gen. *anin-s), ‘grandfather,’ and signifies lit. ‘little grandfather, grandfather's child’; comp. the similar evolution of meaning in Lat. avunculus (see Oheim). In the non-Teut. languages there is probably another corresponding term besides the word cited under Ahn — OSlov. vŭnukŭ, ‘grandson.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Eller

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Eller | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Eller, see Erle. — Elsebeere, similarly.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Eltern

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Eltern | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Eltern, plur., from the equiv. MidHG. (seldom occurs) ęltern, altern, plur., OHG. ęltiron, (altron), plur., ‘parents’; corresponds to OSax. ęldiron, Du. ouders, ouderen, AS. yldran, OFris. aldera, ‘parents’; the plur. of the compar. of alt used as a subst. in West Teut. only. In AS. the corresponding sing. yldra in AS. denotes ‘father.’ For a similar evolution of meaning comp. Herr, Jünger.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Enke

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Enke | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Enke, m. (unknown to UpG.), from the equiv. MidHG. ęnke, m., ‘farm servant, bind,’ OHG. ęncho, *ancheo (*ankjo), m., ‘servant’; corresponds only to OFris. inka and LG. enke, ‘servant.’ It is uncertain whether the word is primit. cognate with Lat. ancilla, ‘maid-servant,’ since Lat. c would be normally changed into LG. h or g; perhaps, however, it is based on the Aryan root ank or ang.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Engel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Engel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Engel, m., from the equiv. MidHG. ęngel, OHG. ęngil, angil, m., ‘angel’; corresponding to OSax. ęngil, Du. engel, AS. ęngel (but E. angel is borrowed from the OFr. angele), OIc. engell, Goth. aggilus, m., ‘angel.’ The cognates which are diffused throughout Teut. are borrowed from the ecclesiastical Lat. angelus, or more probably from Gr. ἄγγελος, ‘angel.’ How they were borrowed cannot, it is true, be discovered with any certainty (comp. Teufel).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Engerling

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Engerling | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Engerling, m., ‘grub of the cockchafer,’ from MidHG. ęngerlinc, MidHG. OHG. ęngerinc(g), m., ‘corn-weevil,’ a derivative of OHG. angar, angari, MidHG. anger, ęnger, ‘corn-weevil’; scarcely ​connected directly with enge. It is more probable that Lith. anksztiraí, ‘measles (of swine), cockchafer grubs,’ Pol. węgry, ‘measles (of swine),’ are primit. cognates.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Endivie

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Endivie | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Endivie, f., ‘endive,’ early ModHG. only, formed from the equiv. MidLat. and Rom. endivia (Lat. intibus).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Bombasin

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Bombasin. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Bombasin, masculine, ‘bombasine,’ Modern High German only, from French bombasin, whence also English bombasine; the original word is Latin-Greek bombyx, ‘silkworm, silk.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Bombast

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Bombast. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Bombast, masculine, borrowed in the 18th century from English bombast, which is not cognate ​with πομπή, ‘pomp, parade,’ French pompe; its original sense is ‘cotton,’ then ‘padding,’ and finally ‘inflated language.’ Its ultimate source is Latin bombyx; compare the preceding word.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Boot

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Boot. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Boot, neuter ‘boat,’ Modern High German only (not found in Luther), borrowed from Low German boot; compare the equivalent Dutch boot, Anglo-Saxon bât, English boat, Old Icelandic beitr. This word, which is still unknown to the Upper German dialects, is at all events native to England, whence it made its way during the Anglo-Saxon period into Old Icelandic (bátr), and in Middle English times to the Continent (Dutch boot). The origin of Anglo-Saxon bât, Old Icelandic beitr, has not been discovered; like many other nautical terms, this word too is first recorded in English. Moreover, the assumption that the word was borrowed in primitively Teutonic times must be discarded.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Boretsch

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Boretsch. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Boretsch, Borretsch, masculine, ‘borage,’ from the equivalent French bourrache (compare Italian borragine), whence also the English term.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Borke

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Borke. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Borke, feminine, ‘bark,’ a Low German loan-word, which is not found in Upper German. The proper High German is Rinde. Compare Low German barke, English and Danish bark, Old Icelandic bǫrkr, ‘bark’; Gothic *barkus is not recorded. Its connection with bergen (in the sense of ‘concealing’) may be possible as far as its form is concerned; but on account of Sanscrit bhûrja, masculine ‘birch,’ neuter ‘birch-bark,’ its relation to Birke is more probable.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Born

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Born. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Born, masculine, ‘fountain,’ Low German form for Old High German Brunnen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Bollwerk

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Bollwerk. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Bollwerk, neuter, ‘bulwark, bastion,’ from late Middle High German bolwerk, ‘catapult, bulwark,’ in the former sense cognate with the preceding word; in the latter probably connected with Bohle; Dutch bolwerk, English bulwark. The Teutonic word in the sense of ‘bulwark,’ which belongs to it since the 15th century, found its way into Slavonic and Romance (Russian bolverk, French boulevard).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Bolz

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Bolz. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Bolz, Bolzen, masculine, ‘short arrow-bolt,’ from the equivalent Middle High German bolz, Old High German bolz, masculine; compare the equivalent Old Icelandic bolte, Anglo-Saxon bolt, English bolt; allied to Dutch bout, ‘cramp-pin.’ The word has the same meaning in all dialects, and in all the various periods of the Teutonic languages. We may assume a pre-Teutonic bhḷdó-s, with the meaning ‘bolt, dart’; yet no such word outside the Teutonic group can be adduced. Bolzen cannot be immediately akin to Middle High German boln, ‘to throw, hurl,’ since the Teutonic t could not be explained as a derivative from pre-Teutonic d. But it is at least possible, on account of the great antiquity of the cognates, that they were borrowed from Latin catapulta and remodelled.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Bord

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Bord. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Bord, masculine, ‘board,’ borrowed, like many other nautical expressions (see the preceding word), from Low German Bord, as a naval term, is found very early in Anglo-Saxon, where it is explained by tabula; in High German the word would end in t, as Middle High German and Old High German bort (genitive bortes), ‘ship's side,’ testify; besides Rand or Ramft is the more frequent term in Upper German for what is called bord in Low German. English board combines two quite different words; the one, Anglo-Saxon bord, signifies literally ‘board, plank’ (Gothic fôtubaúrd, ‘foot- board,’ to which Dutch dambord, ‘draughtboard,’ is allied), and is primitively cognate with High German Brett; the other means only ‘edge.’ See Bort and Brett.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Bordell

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Bordell. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Bordell, neuter, ‘brothel,’ Modern High German only, from French bordel (whence also English bordel and brothel), a Romance derivative from German Bort, ‘board,’ and meaning originally ‘a hut.’
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Young, John Frederick

From volume 4 of the work.
​Young, John Frederick, 1s. John, of London, arm. Corpus Christi Coll., matric. 3 April, 1857, aged 19; B.A. 1860, M.A. 1865.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Young, John Kirkpatrick

From volume 4 of the work.
​Young, John Kirkpatrick, 1s. William, of London, gent. Corpus Christi Coll., matric. 17 Oct., 1876, aged 19; exhibitioner 1878-80, B.A. 1880, M.A. 1883, bar.-at-law, Inner Temple, 1882. See Foster's Men at the Bar.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Young, John (6)

From volume 4 of the work.
​Young, John, B.A. from St. Edmund Hall 2 June, 1808.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Young, John (8)

From volume 4 of the work.
​Young, John, 1s. James, of Wooler, Northumberland, gent. Non-Coll., matric. 22 Oct., 1868, aged 26; B.A. from Balliol Coll. 1873, M.A. 1875.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Young, John (5)

From volume 4 of the work.
​Young, John, s. John, of Glasgow, gent. Balliol Coll., matric. 16 May, 1798, aged 16; B.A. 1802, M.A. 1804, possibly brother of Charles 1815 and rector of Newdigate, Surrey, at his death 13 May, 1852, aged 71, See Gent.'s Mag., 1852, ii. 105.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Young, John Charles

From volume 4 of the work.
​Young, John Charles, 1s. John Wallis, of Caversham, near Reading, gent. Queen's Coll., matric. 1 Dec., 1853, aged 18; B.A. 1857, M.A. 1860.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Young, John Edward

From volume 4 of the work.
​Young, John Edward, 1s. John, of Salisbury, Wilts, gent. Queen's Coll., matric. 15 Nov., 1827, aged 16.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Young, John Henry

From volume 4 of the work.
​Young, John Henry, 2s. Peter, of Hursley, near Winchester, cler. Exeter Coll., matric. 15 Oct., 1864, aged 19; B.A. 1867, M.A. 1871, brother of James Peter.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Young, John Lindsay

From volume 4 of the work.
​Young, John Lindsay, s. James, of St. Margaret's, London, arm. Brasenose Coll., matric. 7 April, 1813, aged 18; B.A. 1817, M.A. 1819, of Cockerham, Lancashire, died at Derby 1822.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Young, John (7)

From volume 4 of the work.
​Young, John, 1s. William, of Bombay, East Indies, baronet. Corpus Christi Coll., matric. 13 June, 1825, aged 17; B.A. 1829, 2nd baronet, Baron Lisgar, so created 26 Oct., 1820, P.C, G.C.B., G.C.H., bar.-at-law, Lincoln's Inn, 1834, M.P. Cavan 1831-55, a lord of the Treasury 1841-4, chief secretary Ireland 1852-5, lord high commissioner Ionian Islands 1854-9, governor New South Wales 1861-8, Canada 1868-72, died 6 Oct., 1876. See Foster's Baronetage, Young; & Eton School Lists.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Nippsache

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Nippsache. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Nippsache, feminine, ‘toy, trinket,’ Modern High German only, formed from French nippe.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Nix

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Nix. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Nix, masculine, ‘nixey, water-fairy,’ from Middle High German (very rare) nickes, Old High German nihhus, neuter and masculine, ‘crocodile’; compare Anglo-Saxon nicor, ‘hippopotamus,’ English nick, ‘water-sprite’ (Old Nick, applied to the devil), Middle Dutch nicker, ‘water-sprite,’ Old Icelandic nykr (from *niqiza), ‘water-sprite in the form of a hippopotamus,’ also ‘hippopotamus.’ The Old High German and Middle High German sense ‘crocodile’ is easily associated with the other meanings of the cognates; the primary signification may be ‘fabulous sea-monster.’ The word is probably based on a Teutonic root niq from pre-Teutonic nig (Sanscrit nij, Greek νίπτω), ‘to wash oneself’; thus Nix would mean originally ‘a sea-animal that delights in bathing, sea-spirit,’ while the masculine Nix, like Anglo-Saxon nicor, points to Gothic *niqiza, *nikuza-, the corresponding feminine Nixe, preserved only in High German, indicates Gothic *niqisi; Old High German nicchessa, Middle High German *nickese, *nixe, in waȥȥernixe, feminine, ‘female water-sprite,’ for which in Middle High German męrwîp and męrmeit are used.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Nonne

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Nonne. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Nonne, feminine, ‘nun,’ from the equivalent Middle High German nunne, Old High German nunna, feminine; corresponding to Dutch non, Middle Low German and Anglo-Saxon nunne, feminine, English nun, adopted, like the previous word, in connection with monastic life, both in German and English about the beginning of the 9th century, from Latin nonna (Greek νόννα), which passed also into Romance; compare French nonne, nonnain, ‘nun,’ Italian nonna, ‘grandmother,’ like Italian nonno, ‘grandfather.’ The early history of the cognates is obscure; late Latin nonna was an ‘expressíon of reverence’ (hence its meaning in Italian).—
Nonne, feminine, ‘gelded sow,’ is, like the corresponding words in Middle High German and Dutch, identical with Nonne, ‘nun,’ and was thus termed for sexual reasons.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/None

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry None. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ None, feminine, ‘afternoon prayers,’ from Middle High German nône, Old High German nôna, feminine, ‘hora nôna, the ninth hour of the day’ (reckoned from six A.M.), also ‘the prayers said at that hour.’ The term was borrowed during the Old High German period from Latin nôna (scil. hora; compare French none, Italian nona); compare also Old Saxon nôna, nôn, Anglo-Saxon nôn, English noon (the difference in time is said to be due to the shifting of the canonical ‘nona’ to midday).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Niß

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Niß. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Niß, feminine, ‘nit,’ from the equivalent Middle High German niȥ (ȥȥ), feminine, for hniȥ; corresponding to Dutch neet, Anglo-Saxon hnitu, feminine, and the equivalent English nit; Gothic *hnits is not recorded. According to the permutation of consonants Greek κονίς, plural κονίδες, ‘eggs of lice, bugs, fleas,’ &c., may be akin, if the words in both languages be based on knid. It has also been connected with Slavonic gnida. Nuß is not allied.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Nobistrug

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Nobistrug. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Nobistrug, masculine, ‘underwold, hell,’ borrowed, like Krug, ‘tavern,’ the second part of the compound, in early Modern High German from Low German. The first component is Middle High German abis, abyss, masculine, ‘abyss,’ whence with n prefixed (compare Italian nabisso, from the usual combination in abysso), the Low German form Nobisfrung, hence literally ‘tavern in hell’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Nock

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Nock. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Nock, neuter, ‘yard-arm,’ Modern High German only, borrowed, like other nautical terms, from Low German; compare Dutch nock,. ‘summit, point.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Nord

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Nord. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Nord, masculine (almost obsolete in the Upper German vernacular), ‘north,’ from Middle High German nort (genitive nordes), masculine and neuter, Old High German nord, masculine; corresponding terms are found in all the Old Teutonic languages (whence Italian norte and French nord), the names of the cardinal points being formed independently in Teutonic; in this case the Aryan languages possess no common term. Compare Old Saxon *north (recorded only as an adverb ‘northwards’), Anglo-Saxon norþ, masculine, English north. Gothic *naúrþs, or rather *naúrþr (equivalent to Old Icelandic norðr), is by chance not recorded. It has been ​connected with Greek νέρτερος, ‘that which exists below, lower down,’ which would involve the assumption that the word was coined at a period when the Teutons were descending the northern slope of a mountain range. Yet it must also be remembered that Umbr. nertro signifies ‘on the left.’ — To this Norden, masculine, ‘northern region,’ is allied; from Middle High German (Middle German) norden, Old High German nordan. neuter; compare also Süden.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Norne

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Norne. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Norne, feminine, Modern High German only, naturalised, especially by Klopstock, from the equivalent Old Icelandic norn (plural norner), ‘goddess of fate’; the origin of the term is disputed.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Not

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Not. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Not, feminine, ‘need, compulsion, distress,’ from Middle High German and Old High German nôt, feminine (seldom masculine), ‘toil, oppression, danger, struggle, compulsion’; a common Teutonic form; compare Gothic nauþs, feminine, ‘necessity, compulsion, force,’ Old Icelandic nauðr, feminine, ‘necessity,’ Anglo-Saxon nŷd, neád, feminine, English need, Dutch nood, Old Saxon nôd. The common Teutonic stems naudi, nauþi, from pre-Teutonic nauti-, have been connected with Prussian nauti-, ‘distress’; nau- (see genau) is probably the root. —
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Wickham, John (2)

From volume 4 of the work.
​Wickham, John, s. John, of Clifton, co. Gloucester, gent. Corpus Christi Coll., matric. 2 Dec., 1745. aged 16, B.A. 1749; M.A. from Balliol Coll. 1752, possibly father of the next named.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Wickham, Rev. Latham

From volume 4 of the work.
​Wickham, Rev. Latham, 1s. Robert, of Twyford, Hants, cler. Christ Church, matric. 19 May, 1853, aged 19; B.A. 1857, M.A. 1861, 2nd master Twyford School 1860-2, head-master 1862-87, vicar of Is-y-coed 1887, brother of George Herbert 1854, and of Thomas Vowler, and father of Charles T.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Wickham, Lamplugh

From volume 4 of the work.
​Wickham, Lamplugh. Christ Church, 1787. See Hird, page 666, brother of William 1779.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Wickham, Reginald Gordon

From volume 4 of the work.
​Wickham, Reginald Gordon, 4s. Frederick, of Winchester, cler. New Coll., matric. 13 Oct., 1876, aged 19.