OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Anselmo Banduri

From volume 2 of the work.
Archaeologist and numismatologist, b. 1671 at Ragusa, off the coast of Dalmatia; d. at Paris, 4 January, 1743. He joined the Benedictines at an early age, studied at Naples, and was eventually sent to Florence, then a flourishing centre of higher studies. Here he made the acquaintance of the famous Benedictine scholar Montfaucon, then travelling in Italy, in search of manuscripts for his edition of the works of St. John Chrysostom. Banduri rendered him valuable services and in return was recommended to Duke Cosmo III as a proper titular for the chair of ecclesiastical history in the University of Pavia. It was also suggested that the young Benedictine be sent to Paris for a period of preparation, and especially to acquire a sound critical sense. After a short sojourn at Rome, Banduri arrived at Paris in 1702 and entered the Abbey of Saint Germain des Pres, as a pensioner of the Grand Duke of Tuscany. He soon became an apt disciple of the French Maurists and began an edition of the anti-iconoclastic writings of Nicephorus of Constantinople, of the writings of Theodore of Mopsuestia, and of other Greek ecclesiastical authors. Banduri never published these works, though as late as 1722 he announced, as near at hand, their appearance in four folio volumes. In the meantime, he was attracted by the rich treasures of Byzantine manuscript and other material in the Bibliotheque Royale and the Bibliotheque Colbert. In 1711 he published at Paris his "Imperium Orientale, sive Antiquitates Constantinopolitanae", etc., a documentary illustrated work on the Byzantine Empire, based on medieval Greek manuscripts, some of which were then first made known. He also defended himself successfully against Casimir Oudin, an ex-Premonstratensian, whose attacks were made on a second-hand knowledge of Banduri's work. In 1718 he published, also at Paris, two folio volumes on the imperial coinage from Trajan to the last of the Palaeologi (98-1453), "Numismata Imperatorum Romanorum a Trajano Decio usque ad Palaeologos Augustos" (supplement by Tanini, Rome, 1791). Of this work Father Eckhel, S.J., prince of numismatologists, says (Doctrina Nummorum I, cviii) that it contains few important contributions. At the same time he praises the remarkable bibliography of the subject that Banduri prefixed to this work under the title of "Bibliotheca nummaria sive auctorum qui de re nummaria scripserunt", reprinted by Fabricius (Hamburg, 1719). In 1715 Banduri was made an honorary foreign member of the Academy of Inscriptions, and in 1724 was appointed librarian to the Duke of Orleans; he had in vain solicited a similar office at Florence on the death of the famous Magliabecchi.
Freret in Mem. De l'acad. des inscr. et belles lettres, XVI, 348.
MAURICE M. HASSETT
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Annibale d'Annibaldi

From volume 1 of the work.
Theologian, b. of a Roman senatorial family early in the thirteenth century; d. at Rome, 1 September, 1271. He joined the Dominican Order at an early age and was sent to Paris to complete his studies. Here he formed an intimate friendship with St. Thomas Aquinas and succeeded him as regent of studies at the Convent of St. Jacques. After teaching in Paris for some years, he was called to Rome in 1246 by Innocent IV to fill the post of Master of the Sacred Palace. He served in this capacity under Alexander IV and Urban IV, the latter of whom created him Cardinal in 1262. When Clement IV, in 1265, handed over the kingdom of the Two Sicilies to Charles I of Anjou, Annibale was put at the head of the commission empowered to treat with the monarch and register his agreement to the papal stipulations. The King received the insignia of investiture at Rome from the hands of the Cardinal. On 6 January, 1266, Annibale anointed and solemnly crowned Charles I in the Lateran Church at Rome, the Pope being detained at Perugia. During the vacancy succeeding the death of Clement IV, Annibale received and treated with Philip III of France and Charles I at Viterbo (1270). During a papal mission at Orvieto, the Cardinal died, and, by his own request, was buried in the Church of San Domenico. He was held in great esteem during life for his learning and virtues. St. Thomas Aquinas dedicated his "Catena Aurea" to him. Annibale, besides several small theological treatises now lost, wrote a commentary on the "Sentences," and "Quod libeta," which has been ascribed to St. Thomas, and published with his works even as recently as the Paris edition of 1889, by Frette. A manuscript in the Carmelite monastery in Paris calls Annibale a Carmelite who later became a Cistercian abbot. But Echard shows that no man of that name belonged to either order in the twelfth or thirteenth century.
QUETIF AND ECHARD, SS. Ord. Proed., I, 261; TOURON, Hommes illustres de l'ordre de Saint Dominique, I, 262-269; EUBEL, Hierarchia Catholica, I, 8; CATTALANI, De Magistro Sacri Palatii Apostolici (Rome, 1751), 57-59; DUCHESNE, Histoire de tous les cardinaux francais de naissance (Paris, 1699), II, 277, 278; MASETTI, Monumenta Ordinis Proedicatorum Antiqua (Rome, 1864), I, 301; FERET, La faculte de theologie de Paris au moyen age, II, 550, 553.
THOS. M. SCHWERTNER
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Anselm Eckart

From volume 5 of the work.
Eckart, Anselm, missionary, b. at Bingen, Germany, August 4, 1721; d. at the College of Polstok, Polish Russia, June 29, 1809. Entering the Society of Jesus at nineteen, he was sent as a missionary to Brazil. Two years after his arrival in that country, he and his brethern were seized like felons and carried to Portugal, where they languished in prison till death released them or till the king, in whose name it was all done, was summoned by his own Judge. Father Eckart was confined for eighteen years in the underground dungeons of Almeida and St. Julian. He wrote the story of his own sufferings and those of his companions in prison. Upon the death of Joseph I of Portugal in 1777, Pombal fell into disgrace, and those of his victims who survived were released from their loathsome dungeons. The Society of Jesus, which had been suppressed four years earlier by the Brief of Clement XIV, had continued to exist in Russia. Father Eckart applied for readmission, and for thirty-two years following had the consolation of wearing the habit of the proscribed order. After filling the office of master of novices at Dünaburg, he was sent to the College of Polstok, where this venerable confessor of Jesus Christ, the last survivor, perhaps, of the cruelties of Pombal, preserved in extreme old age the same vigor of soul which had sustained him in the missions and in captivity. He died full of days and merits in the eighty-eighth year of his age and the sixty-ninth after his admission to the Society.
EDWARD P. SPILLANE
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Anselm of Liège

From volume 1 of the work.
A Belgian chronicler of the eleventh century, b. 1008; d. about 1056. He was educated at the famous episcopal school of Liège, and became canon and dean of the cathedral, where he enjoyed the friendship of the bishop, Wazo. His chronicle, regarded as one of the best of the period, both for literary merit and for historical value, is known as the "Gesta Episcoporum Tungrensium, Trajectensium, et Leodiensium", and is a continuation of the earlier work of Heriger, abbot of Lobbes (d. 1007) which dealt with the first twenty-seven bishops, from St. Maternus (90) to Remaclus (680). Anselms work, written at the request of his godmother, the countess Ida, Abbess of St. Cecilia at Cologne, added the lives of twenty-five more bishops, down to Wazo, of whom he gave a very full and particular account. The latest edition of the "Gesta" is to be found in the "Monumenta Germaniæ Historica: Scriptores, VII, 161-234; also ibid., XIV, 107-120 (1883). Anselms style is clear, and his zeal for church-reform is equalled by his critical intelligence.
SCHERER in Kirchenlex., I, s. v.; WATTENBACH, 5th ed. II, 145.
FRANCIS W. GREY
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Ansegisus

From volume 1 of the work.
Archbishop of Sens; d. 25 November 879, or 883. He was a Benedictine monk, Abbot of St. Michael's, at Beauvais, and in 871 became Archbishop of Sens. After Charles the Bald was crowned Emperor by Pope John VIII, he asked the Pope to appoint Ansegisus papal legate and primate over Gaul and Germany. With a papal legate of French nationality, amicably disposed towards the Emperor, Charles the Bald thought he could more easily extend his influence as emperor over those countries. The Pope yielded to the wish of Charles but when the bishops assembled at the Synod Ponthion were asked to acknowledge the primacy of Ansegisus they protested, especially Hinemar, Archbishop of Reims, against what they considered an infringement on their rights. Though Ansegisus retained the title, it is doubtful whether he ever exercised the powers of Primate of France and Germany.
SCHMID in Kirchenlex., I, 886; HEFELE, Conciliengesch., IV, 516 sqq.; GFROERER, Geschichte der Carolinger (Freiburg, 1848), II, 130 sqq.
MICHAEL OTT
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Anselm of Laon

From volume 1 of the work.
(ANSELMUS LAUDINENSIS.)
Died 15 July, 1117, one of the famous theologians of the Middle Ages, known from his learning as Doctor Scholasticus. He was educated at the abbey of Bee, under St. Anselm of Canterbury, who made him acquainted with the new scholastic theology. From 1076 he taught for a while with much distinction at Paris, and co-operated with William of Champeaux in establishing the university there. He returned to Laon about the end of the eleventh century and set up a theological school which became so famous that Abelard, then thirty years of age, who was teaching philosophy at Paris, removed to Laon in order to study theology under him. Anselms chief work is his "Glossa interlinearis", a commentary on the whole Vulgate (Antwerp, 1634), one of the two chief exegetical works of the Middle Ages, the other being the "Glossa ordinaria" of Walafrid Strabo. His known writings are found in Migne, P.L., CLXII, 1187-1660.
HEFELE in Kirchenlex., s. v.; LEFÈVRE (Evreux, 1904); Hist. litt. de France, X, 170.
# Cleared

* "‘Cleared’" in Ballads and Barrack-Room Ballads (1892)
* "“Cleared”" in Departmental Ditties and Ballads and Barrack-Room Ballads (1919)
# Clearfield Trust C v. United States

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United States Supreme Court
318 U.S. 744
CLEARFIELD TRUST CO. et al. v. UNITED STATES.
Argued: and Submitted Feb. 5, 1943. --- Decided: March 1, 1943
Mr. Paul A. Freund, of Washington, D.C., for respondent.
Mr. Roswell Dean Pine, Jr., of New York City, for petitioners.
Mr. Justice DOUGLAS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Cleansing Wave

* information about this edition.
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Oh, now I see the cleansing wave! The fountain deep and wide; Jesus, my Lord, mighty to save, Points to His wounded side.
Refrain The cleansing stream I see! I see! I plunge, and oh, it cleanseth me! Oh, praise the Lord! It cleanseth me! It cleanseth me—yes, cleanseth me.
I rise to walk in Heav’n’s own light, Above the world and sin, With heart made pure and garments white, And Christ enthroned within.
I see the new creation rise; I hear the speaking blood. It speaks! Polluted nature dies! Sinks ’neath the cleansing flood.
Amazing grace! ’tis Heav’n below To feel the blood applied, And Jesus, only Jesus know, My Jesus crucified.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Joseph Annegarn

From volume 1 of the work.
Catholic theologian and popular writer, b. 13 October, 1794, at Ostbevern in Westphalia; d. 8 July, 1843, at the Lyceum Hosianum, Braunsberg, East Prussia, where he was professor of church history. He rendered great service to Catholic literature and to the cause of the Church in Germany by his "Universal History," written primarily for Catholic youth, and published in eight volumes in 1827-29. His purpose was frankly Catholic; the style is often brilliant, always pleasing, and well suited to youthful readers and to the general public. The selection from the mass of materials and the arrangement are judicious. Excellent features of the History are the numerous character sketches of great historical personages and the chronological tables. Succeeding editors have kept it abreast with the advance of historical research, and it remains a standard work in Catholic families in Germany, where it has taken the place of anti-Catholic popular histories. Annegarn was also the author of "Handbuch der Patrologie" (1839). (See Buchberger Kirchliches Handlexicon, s.v.).
ANNEGARN, Allgemeine Weltgeschichte (Muenster, 1899), 8 vols., 8th ed.; Compendium (1898), 3 vols., 2d ed.
B. GULDNER
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Joseph Anton Sambuga

From volume 13 of the work.
Theologian, b. at Walldorf near Heidelberg, 9 June; 1752; d. at Nymphenburg near Munich 5 June, according to Sailer, but 5 January according to other statements, 1815. His parents were Italians who had come from the neighbourhood of Como. He went to school at Mannheim and to the monastic school of the Augustinians at Wiesloch and then entered the University of Heidelberg. In 1770 family affairs took him to Italy where he finished his theological studies and was ordained priest at Como, 2 April, 1774. After he had laboured at Como for a while as chaplain at the hospital he returned to Germany and in 1775 was made chaplain at Helmsheim, in 1778 chaplain and in 1783 court preacher at Mannheim, in 1785 parish priest at Herrnsheim. In 1797 he was again called to the Court at Mannheim as teacher of religion to Prince Louis (later King Louis I of Bavaria), the oldest son of Duke Maximilian Joseph. When Maximilian Joseph went to live at Munich as Elector of Bavaria (from 1806 King Maximilian I), Sambuga followed the Court to that city and was later the teacher of religion to the younger children of the Elector also. He was a pious, deeply-religious priest, and belonged to the school of Sailer whose friend he was. Among his writings should be mentioned: "Schutzrede f¸r den ehelosen Stand der Geistlichen" (Frankenthal, 1782; 2nd ed., Munich, 1827); "Ueber den Philosophismus, welcher unser Zeitalter bedroht" (Munich, 1805); "Ueber die Nothwendigkeit der Besserung, als R¸cksprache mit seinem Zeitalter" (2 vols., Munich, 1807); "Untersuchung ¸ber das Wesen der Kirche" (Linz and Munich, 1809); "Der Priester am Altare" (Munich, 1815; 3d ed., 1819). There were published after his death: "Sammlung verschiedener Gedanken ¸ber verschiedene Gegenst"nde", ed. by Franz Stapf (Munich, 1818); "Auserlesene Briefe", ed. by Karl Klein (Munich, 1818); "Zweite Sammlung", ed. by Franz Stapf (1819); "Predigten auf Sonn-und Festtage", ed. by K. Klein (Mannheim, 1822); "Reden und Aufs"tze", collected and ed. by J. B. SchmitterHug (Lindau, 1834).
SAILER, Joseph Anton Sambuga, wie er war (Munich, 1816); the same account in SAILER, Biographische Schriften, I, in Sailer's collected works, vol. XXXVIII (2nd ed. Sulzbach, 1841), 157-416.
FRIEDRICH LAUCHERT
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Joseph Athias

From volume 2 of the work.
Born in Spain, probably in Cordova, at the beginning of the seventeenth century; died at Amsterdam, May 12, 1700. In 1661 and 1667 he issued two editions of the Hebrew Bible. Though carefully printed, they contain a number of mistakes in the vowel points and the accents. But as they were based on the earlier editions compared with the best manuscripts, they were the foundation of all the subsequent editions. The copious marginal notes added by Jean de Leusden, professor at Utrecht, are of little value. The 1667 edition was bitterly attacked by the Protestant savant, Samuel Desmarets; Athias answered the charges in a work whose title begins: "Caecus de coloribus". He published, also, some other works of importance, such as the "Tikkun Sepher Torah", or the "Order of the Book of the Law", and a Judeo-German translation of the Bible. The latter involved Athias in a competition with Uri Phoebus, a question that has been discussed but cannot be fully cleared up at this late date.
HEURTEBIZE in VIG., Dict. de la Bible (Paris. 1895); The Jewish Encyclopedia (New York and London, 1903), II.
A.J. MAAS
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Joseph Albert Alberdingk Thijm

From volume 14 of the work.
Born at Amsterdam, 8 July, 1820; d. there, 17 March, 1889. After finishing his studies in his native city, he took up a commercial career. But this prosaic occupation did not smother his talents. Art and literature had a great attraction for him. He made his entry into the literary world as an art critic in the "Spectator" in 1842, and immediately attracted great attention by his views and his style. The following year he published an essay on the spelling of hybrid words, in which he came out as a philologist. In his poems, which are numerous and take rank with what is best in the Dutch poetry of the nineteenth century, he shows that he is a disciple of Bilderdijk. This he himself declares in his celebrated poem "U min ik, Oude met uw stroefgeplooide trekken" (I love you, old one, with your rugged features). In his triple capacity of art critic, philologist, and poet, Thijm did so much from 1842 to 1889 that he not only led the way for Catholics and laid the foundation of Catholic literature, but became one of the foremost writers of the Netherlands of the nineteenth century. His whole activity, all his writings, bear the stamp of Catholicity. No one attacked Catholic art or Catholic history without having to reckon with Thijm. "Nil nisi per Christum" was his motto. By his writings and the earnest character of his Catholicism Thijm played one of the most influential roles in the Catholic revival. To him is due no less than to Dr. W. Cramer and Mgr. J. Smits, first editor-in-chief of "De Tyd," the restoration of the hierarchy in the Netherlands. In 1852 Thijm sent a memorial to Rome setting forth the historic reasons for considering Utrecht to be the traditional archiepiscopal see of Holland, and the anxiety of the Catholics at that time that the historic tradition be not broken. Besides the periodical "Dietsche Warande" which he edited from 1855 to 1886, the people's almanac for the Catholics of the Netherlands (1852-89), and numberless brochures in defence of the Church and church history, his most important works are: "Het Voorgeborchte", "Palet en Harp", "Portretten van Joost van den Vondel", "Verspreide Verhalen", "Kerstliederen", "De la Litérature Néerlandaise", "Karolingische Verhalen", "De Heilige Linie". His last efforts were devoted to the preparation of a complete edition of the works of van den Vondel.
Katholieke Illustratie (1889), 377 sq.; Dietsche Warande (1889), p. 239 sq.; VAN DER DUYS (Amsterdam, 1896); Busken Huet, Litterarische Fantasieen en Kritieken (Harlem, 1881); Levensgeschiedenissen van de leden der Maatschappij van Letterkunde van Leiden (Leyden, 1889).
P. Albers.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Joseph Allegranza

From volume 1 of the work.
​Allegranza, Joseph, a Milanese Dominican who won distinction as a historian, archæologist, and antiquary b. 16 October, 1715; d. 18 December, 1785. From 1748 to 1754 he made many researches in northern and central Italy and in France. When put in charge of the Royal Library at Milan, he made a catalogue of its contents, a work which was crowned, in 1775, by the Empress Maria Theresa. His works are: "Spiegazioni e riflessioni sopra alcuni sacri monumenti antichi di Milano" (Milan, 1757); "De sepulcris christianis in ædibus sacris.—Accedunt inscriptiones sepulcrales christianæ sæculo septimo antiquiores in Insubriâ Austriacâ repertæ: item Inscriptiones sepulcrales ecclesiarum atque ædium PP. Ord. Præd. Mediolani" (Milan, 1773); "De Monogrammate D. N. Jesu Christi, et usitatis ejus effingendi modis" (Milan, 1773); "Opuscoli eruditi latini ed italiani" (Cremona, 1781); "Osservazioni antiquarie, critiche e fisiche, fatte nel regno di Sicilia" (Milan, 1781).
Mandonnet in Dict. de théol. Cath.
Walter Dwight.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Joseph Anthony de la Rivière Poncet

From volume 12 of the work.
Missionary; b. at Paris, 17 May, 1610; d. at Martinique, 18 June, 1675. He entered the Jesuit novitiate in Paris at nineteen, was a brilliant student in rhetoric and philosophy, pursued his studies at Clermont, Rome, and Ruen, and taught at Orléans (1631-4). In 1638 he met Madame de la Pettrie and accompanied her and Marie de l'Incarnation to Canada in the following year. He was sent immediately to the Huron mission and had no further relations with Marie de l'Incarnation. In 1645 he founded an Algonquin mission on the Island of St. Mary. After returning to Quebec he was seized by the Iroquois; he was being tortured when a rescue party arrived in time to save his life. His companion, Mathurin Franchelot, was burned at the stake. In 1657, as he became involved in ecclesiastical disputes, he was sent back to France. He held the position of French penitentiary at Loreto, and was later sent to the Island of Martinique, where he died.
Jesuit Relations, ed. THWAITES (73 vols., Cleveland, 1896-1901); CAMPBELL, Pioneer Priests of North America, I (New York, 1909), 61-74.
J. Zevely.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Joseph Ambrose Stapf

From volume 14 of the work.
Theologian, born at Fliess in the valley of the Upper Inn in the Tyrol, Austria, 15 August, 1785; died at Brixen, 10 January, 1844. He studied at Innsbruck, and obtained the Degree of Doctor of Theology, and in 1821 became professor of moral theology at the lyceum at Innsbruck. In 1823 he was made professor of moral theology and pedagogy at the seminary of Brixen, where he was later a cathedral canon. His chief work is "Theologia moralis in compendium redacta" (4 vols., Innsbruck, 1827-30; 6th ed., 1846; 7th ed., 1855); the merits of this work consist in its strictly orthodox character, clear and precise presentation, and practical usefulness. From 1830 it was officially made a textbook for all seminaries of Austria. Much used as a textbook also was a compendium of this work: "Epitome theologiæ moralis publicis prælectionibus accommodata" [2 vols., Innsbruck, 1832; 2nd ed., 1842; 3rd ed. revised by J. V. Hofmann (volume I) and Simon Aichner (volume II), 1863-65]. At a later date Stapf made a free German revision, which showed the influence of Hirscher "Die christliche Moral. Als Antwort auf die Frage: Was wir thun müssen, um in das Reich Gottes einzugehen" [4 vols., Innsbruck, 1841-42; 2nd ed. edited after Stapf's death by J. V. Hofmann under the title: "Die christliche Sittenlehre" (3 vols., 1848-49)]. Besides these Stapf wrote: "Erziehungslehre im Geiste der katholischen Kirche" (Innsbruck, 1832; 4th ed., 1846; 5th ed. edited by J. V. Hofmann, 1854); "Expositio casuum reservatorum in diocesi Brixinensi" (Brixen, 1836); "Der hl. Vincentius von Paul, dargestellt in seinem Leben und Wirken" (anonymous, 2 vols., Vienna, 1837); "Biblische Geschichte des Alten und Neuen Bundes zum Gebrauche der Hauptschulen in den k. k. österreichischen Staaten" (1840).
WURZBACH, Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich, XXXVII (Vienna, 1878), 144 sq.; HURTER, Nomenclator, III (2nd ed.), 1151.
FRIEDRICH LAUCHERT.
# Collected Papers on Analytical Psychology

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COLLECTED PAPERS ON ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY
BY C. G. JUNG, M.D., LL.D., FORMERLY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ZÜRICH.
AUTHORISED TRANSLATION EDITED BY DR. CONSTANCE E. LONG, MEDICAL OFFICER, EDUCATION BOARD; MEMBER ADVISORY COMMITTEE INSURANCE ACT EX-PRESIDENT ASSOCIATION OF REGISTERED MEDICAL WOMEN, ETC.
LONDON BAILLIÈRE, TINDALL AND COX 8 HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN 1916 [All rights reserved]
PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN.
CONTENTS
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