# The World Factbook (1982)/New Caledonia
## NEW CALEDONIANEW CALEDONIA

* (See reference map X)

### LANDLAND

22,015 km$^2$; 6% cultivable, 22% pasture land, 15% forests, 57% waste or other

### WATERWATER

Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm; exclusive economic zone 200 nm)
Coastline: 2,254 km

### PEOPLEPEOPLE

Population: 138,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 0.5%
Nationality: noun—New Caledonian(s); adjective—New Caledonian
Ethnic divisions: Melanesian 42%; French 40%; remainder Vietnamese, Indonesian, Chinese, Polynesian
Religion: natives 90% Christian
Language: Melanesian-Polynesian dialects
Literacy: unknown
Labor force: size unknown; Javanese and Tonkinese laborers were imported for plantations and mines in pre-World War II period; immigrant labor now coming from Wallis Islands, New Hebrides, and French Polynesia
Organized labor: labor not organized

### GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT

Official name: Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies
Type: French overseas territory; represented in French parliament by one deputy and one senator
Capital: Noumea
Political subdivisions: 4 islands or island group dependencies—Isle of Pines, Loyalty Islands, Huon Islands, Island of New Caledonia
Legal system: French law
Branches: administered by High Commissioner, responsible to French Ministry for Overseas France and Governing Council; Assemblee Territoriale
​Government leader: Claude CHARBONNIAUD, French High Commissioner and President of the Council of Government
Suffrage: universal
Elections: Assembly elections every five years, last in September 1977
Political parties: Rassemblement pour la Caledonie—Conservative; Union Caledonienne—eventual independence; Union Multiraciale and Palika—independence parties Voting strength (1977 election): Rassemblement pour la Caledonie, 12 seats; Union Caledonienne, 9 seats; Palika, 2 seats; 8 other parties divide up remaining 12 seats
Communists: number unknown; Union Caledonienne strongly leftist; some politically active Communists were deported during 1950s; small number of North Vietnamese
Other political parties and pressure groups: several lesser parties
Member of: EIB (associate)

### ECONOMYECONOMY

GNP: $569 million (1977), $4,000 per capita; -1.0% growth (1977)
Agriculture: large areas devoted to cattle grazing; major products—coffee and vegetables; 60% self-sufficient in beef; must import grains and vegetables
Industry: mining of nickel
Electric power: 365,000 kW capacity (1981); 1.606 billion kWh produced (1981), 11,723 kWh per capita
Exports: $363.3 million (f.o.b., 1977); 95% nickel, coffee
Imports: $340 million (c.i.f., 1977); 26% mineral fuel imports, 21% machinery, transport equipment, food
Major trade partners: (1976) exports—49% France, 29% Japan, 16% US; imports— 39% France, 13% Australia, 11% rest of EC
Monetary conversion rate: 75 CFP francs=US$1 (1978/79)

### COMMUNICATIONSCOMMUNICATIONS

Railroads: none
Highways: 5,448 km total (1977); 558 km paved, 2,251 km improved earth, 2,639 km unimproved earth
Inland waterways: none
Ports: 1 major (Noumea), 21 minor
Civil air: no major transport aircraft
Airfields: 31 total, 30 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications: 23,000 telephones (17.0 per 100 popl.); 5 AM, no FM, and 7 TV stations; 1 earth satellite station