OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of Spoken Spanish/Part 1/J

J
* jaba crate [Am].
* jabón [m] soap ¿Puede darme un jabón y una toalla? Can you give me a piece of soap and a towel?
* jalar (see halar) to pull, haul [Am].
* jalea jelly Deseo café, tostadas y jalea. I want coffee, toast, and jelly.
* jamás never, not ever.
* jamón [m] ham (cured pork).
* jamona buxom woman (middle-aged) [Sp]; old maid [Antilles].
* jaqueca headache, megrim Estoy con jaqueca desde ayer. I've had a headache since yesterday.
* jarabe [m] syrup; jarabe (a Mexican dance).
* jardín [m] garden (of flowers).
* jaripeo bronco-busting, rodeo [Mex].
* jarra pitcher Hágame el favor de poner una jarra con agua en mi cuarto. Please put a pitcher of water in my room.
* jaula cage.
* jefatura headquarters, chief's office Los llevaron a la jefatura de Policía. They took them to Police Headquarters.
* jefe [m] chief, leader, head Lograron capturar al jefe. They managed to capture the leader. $^▲$ boss Tendré que avisar a mi jefe que no vendré mañana. I'll have to tell my boss that I won't be in tomorrow.
* jerga slang.
* jicara small cup.
* jinete [m] horseman.
* jitomate [m] tomato [Mex].
* jornada journey; day's work; day's walk.
* jornalero day laborer, casual worker.
* jota letter "j"; Aragonese folk dance.
* joven [adj] young. $^▲$ [m] young person.
* joya gem; piece of jewelry.
* judío Jewish. $^▲$ [m] Jew.
* judía bean [Sp]. ○ judías verdes string beans.
* judía bean [Sp]. ○ judías verdes string
* juego game El ajedrez es un juego muy difícil. Chess is a very difficult game. $^▲$ set Compré un juego de manteles. I bought a set of table linen. $^▲$ play,
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Somerville, Andrew

​SOMERVILLE, ANDREW (1808–1834), painter, was the son of a wire-worker at Edinburgh, where he was born in 1808. He was educated at the Edinburgh High School, and received his art training at the Trustees' Academy. He also studied under William Simson [q. v.], whom he subsequently assisted in teaching drawing. He exhibited for the first time with the Royal Scottish Academy in 1830, and was elected an associate of that body in 1831; in 1833 he became a full member. He died at Edinburgh in January 1834. Somerville was an artist of great promise; he painted chiefly subjects drawn from border ballads, with a few humorous compositions such as ‘Donny ​brook Fair,’ and some portraits. His ‘Cottage Children’ is in the National Gallery of Scotland, and his ‘Flowers of the Forest’ was engraved by H. Haig for the Scottish Art Union.
F. M. O'D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Somerset, John

1904 Errata appended.
​SOMERSET or SOMERSETH, JOHN (d. 1455?), physician to Henry VI, appears to have been connected with the Beaufort family. He was sophister first at Oxford, but afterwards graduated at Cambridge. He was made fellow of Pembroke College, Cambridge, between 1406 and 1428, and was twice proctor. He studied medicine in London and Paris, and was a doctor of medicine, possibly also of civil law (Aungier, Hist. of Syon Monastery, p. 215). In 1426 his name appears as witness to the will of Thomas, duke of Exeter. In 1428 he was physician to the king, and entries of payments to him appear till 1432; he is also described as king's chaplain. In 1430 he was probably with Henry VI at Rouen, when the king received a splendid missal as a gift from the Duke and Duchess of Bedford. The work contains an attestation of the gift signed by Somerset. In February 1441 he was appointed one of the commissioners to draft statutes for King's College, Cambridge, and at his suggestion part of the old castle at Cambridge was given to King's, and he bought the site of the old court. In July a horoscope of Henry VI was sent to him in the king's household at Sheen (Cambridge University Library, EE. iii. 61). In the same year he received a grant of the benefices of alien ecclesiastics. In June 1442 he was still in attendance on the king (Monro, Letters of Margaret of Anjou, p. 86). In 1443 he was keeper of the exchange and master of the mint (Rot. Pip. 21 Hen. VI, Lond. and Midd.). From 1441 to 1446 he was chancellor of the exchequer. In 1449 he is called ‘of the exchequer.’ On the death of Humphrey, duke of Gloucester [q. v.], he was one of the executors, and some correspondence between him and the university of Oxford is extant concerning gifts of books.
M. B.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.254 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 245 | ii | 7 f.e. | Somerset, John: for his 'Life of Henry V' read his metrical account of Henry V |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Trollope, Theodosia

note birth date is wrong here
​TROLLOPE, THEODOSIA (1825–1865), authoress, born in 1825, was the only daughter of Joseph Garrow (d. 1855), by his wife the daughter of Jewish parents, and the widow of a naval officer named Fisher. Her father was a grand-nephew of Sir William Garrow [q. v.], and a son of an Indian officer who had married a high-caste Brahmine. From her mother she inherited skill as a musician, and she became an excellent linguist. By Landor's encouragement she became a contributor to Lady Blessington's annual, entitled ‘The Book of Beauty,’ and later she wrote for Dickens's ‘Household Words,’ and for the ‘Athenæum’ and other papers. The delicate state of her health prevented any extended literary toil, but she translated some of Dall' Ongaro's patriotic poems, and in 1846 produced a skilful metrical translation of Giovanni Battista Niccolini's ‘Arnaldo da Brescia.’ On 3 April 1848, at the British legation in Florence, she married Thomas Adolphus Trollope ​[q. v.], and as his wife she created at the Villino Trollope one of the best known salons in Italy. In 1861 some twenty-seven of her papers to the ‘Athenæum’ were reprinted as ‘Social Aspects of the Italian Revolution;’ at the time of their appearance these letters were thought to have rendered good service to the cause of Italian freedom. In the same year she contributed to the ‘Victoria Regia’ (‘A Mediterranean Bathing-place,’ Leghorn), and in 1864 she commenced a series of essays upon the Italian poets for the ‘Cornhill Magazine.’ She died at Florence on 13 April 1865, leaving one daughter, Beatrice. She was buried in the English cemetery at Florence.
[Gent. Mag. 1865, i. 670; Athenæum, 1865, i. 555; Atlantic Monthly, December 1864; authorities cited under art. Trollope, Thomas Augustus.]
T. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Trotter, John Bernard

​TROTTER, JOHN BERNARD (1775–1818), author, born in 1775 in co. Down, was the second son of the Rev. Edward Trotter, and younger brother of Edward Southwell Trotter, who assumed the name of Ruthven [q. v.] He was educated at the grammar school at Downpatrick, and entered Trinity College, Dublin, on 1 June 1790, graduating B.A. in the spring of 1795. He visited London in 1798, entering as a student at the Temple, and during his stay he made the acquaintance of Charles James Fox. Having sent Fox a pamphlet entitled ‘An Investigation of the Legality and Validity of a Union’ (Dublin, 1799, 8vo), and some verses, Trotter was told that both Fox and Mrs. Fox liked them very much.
After the conclusion of the peace of Amiens in 1802, Trotter was invited by Fox to accompany him to Paris to assist him in transcribing portions of Barillon's correspondence for his ‘History of the Early Part of the Reign of James II.’ He returned home before Fox, and was called to the Irish bar in Michaelmas term 1802.
Trotter became Fox's private secretary after his appointment as foreign secretary on 7 Feb. 1806 in the administration of ‘All the Talents.’ On Fox's death on 13 Sept. Trotter returned to Ireland. In 1808 he published a ‘Letter to Lord Southwell on the Catholic Question,’ and in 1809 ‘Stories for Calumniators,’ in which the characters were drawn from living models and he himself appeared as Fitzmorice. His ‘Memoirs of the latter Years of Fox’ appeared in 1811, attained a third edition within the year, and disappointed readers without distinction of party. The ‘Quarterly Review’ thought him unjust to Fox, and held that he had misrepresented the relations between him and Sheridan (vi. 541); while James Sharp published ‘Remarks in defence of Pitt against the loose and undigested calumny of an unknown adventurer.’ Landor wrote ‘Observations,’ of which a few copies got into circulation (Forster, Life of Landor, p. 165). According to Allibone (iii. 2458), Buckle wrote in his copy of Trotter's book: ‘An ill work by a weak man.’
Trotter's later life was passed in poverty and privation, and in his last years his misfortunes tended to disturb the balance of his mind. In 1813 he made his last political effort while in the Marshalsea at Wexford, writing a pamphlet on the Irish situation, entitled ‘Five Letters to Sir William Cusack Smith,’ which reached a third edition within the year. He died on 29 Sept. 1818, ‘in a decayed house in Hammond's Marsh in Cork,’ in unspeakable destitution, the out-patient of a neighbouring dispensary. The misery of his last days was lightened by the devotion of an Irish peasant boy whom he had educated to be his companion, and of his wife, a young woman whom he had married in prison about five years before. In 1819 appeared a series of letters by him, entitled ‘Walks through Ireland,’ the record of the wanderings of his later years, with a biographical memoir prefixed.
F. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Troubridge, Edward Thomas

​TROUBRIDGE, Sir EDWARD THOMAS (d. 1852), rear-admiral, only son of Rear-admiral Sir Thomas Troubridge [q. v.], entered the navy, in January 1797, on board the Cambridge, guardship at Plymouth, and remained, borne on her books, till April 1799. In January 1801 he joined the Achille, with Captain George Murray, whom he fol​lowed to the Edgar, and in her was present in the battle of Copenhagen. He was afterwards moved into the London, and the following year to the Leander. In July 1803 he joined the Victory, flagship of Lord Nelson in the Mediterranean, and in August 1804 was moved from her to the Narcissus frigate. On 22 Feb. 1806 he was promoted to be lieutenant of the Blenheim, going out to the East Indies as flagship of his father, by whom he was appointed to command the Harrier brig. In her, in company with the 32-gun frigate Greyhound, he assisted in destroying a Dutch brig of war under the fort of Menado, on 4 July 1806, and on the 26th in the capture of the 36-gun frigate Pallas and two Indiamen under her convoy. After this Troubridge was appointed captain of the Greyhound. His commission as commander was confirmed on 5 Sept. 1806, that as captain on 28 Nov. 1807. In June 1807, when his letters from the Cape of Good Hope forced the commander-in-chief, Sir Edward Pellew, to fear that the Blenheim (commanded by Troubridge's father) and Java had been lost, Troubridge, in the Greyhound, was ordered to go in search of intelligence, carrying a letter from Pellew to the captain-general of the French settlements. Neither at the French islands nor along the coast of Madagascar was anything to be heard of the missing ships, and the conclusion was unwillingly come to that they had foundered in the hurricane [see Troubridge, Sir Thomas]. By the death of his father, Troubridge succeeded to the baronetcy. In the following January he invalided, and had no further service till February 1813, when he commissioned the Armide frigate for the North American station, where he was landed in command of the naval brigade at New Orleans. From April 1831 to October 1832 he was commander-in-chief at Cork, with a broad pennant on board the Stag. From April 1835 to August 1841 he was one of the lords of the admiralty. He was nominated a C.B. on 20 July 1838, and was promoted to be rear-admiral on 23 Nov. 1841. From 1831 to 1847 he was M.P. for Sandwich. He died on 7 Oct. 1852. He married, in October 1810, Anna Maria, daughter of Admiral Sir Alexander Forrester Inglis Cochrane [q. v.], and had issue Sir Thomas St. Vincent Hope Cochrane Troubridge [q. v.]; Edward Norwich Troubridge, a captain in the navy, who died in China in 1850; and two daughters.
J. K. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Walker, Baldwin Wake

​WALKER, Sir BALDWIN WAKE (1802–1876), admiral, son of John Walker of Whitehaven (d. 1822), by Frances, daughter of Captain Drury Wake of the 17th dragoons, and niece of Sir William Wake, eighth baronet, was born on 6 Jan. 1802. He entered the navy in July 1812, was made a lieutenant on 6 April 1820, and served for two years on the Jamaica station, then for three years on the coast of South America and the west coast of Africa. In 1827 he went out to the Mediterranean in the Rattlesnake, and in 1828 was first lieutenant of the Etna bomb at the reduction of Kastro Morea [see Lushington, Sir Stephen]. For this service he received the cross of the Legion of Honour and of the Redeemer of Greece. He continued in the Mediterranean, ​ serving in the Asia, Britannia, and Barham, and was made commander on 15 July 1834. In that rank he served in the Vanguard, in the Mediterranean, from September 1836 till his promotion to post rank on 24 Nov. 1838. By permission of the admiralty he then accepted a command in the Turkish navy, in which he was known at first as Walker Bey, and afterwards as Yavir Pasha. In July 1840 the Capitan Pasha took the fleet to Alexandria and delivered it over to Mehemet Ali, who then refused to let it go. Walker summoned the Turkish captains to a council of war, and proposed to them to land in the night, surround the palace, carry off Mehemet Ali, and send him lo Constantinople. This would probably have been done had not Mehemet Ali meantime consented to let the ships go. (Memoirs of Henry Rose, i. 285- 286). Walker afterwards commanded the Turkish squadron at the reduction of Acre [see Stopford, Sir Robert], for which service he was nominated a K.C.B. on 12 Jan. 1841; he also received from the allied sovereigns the second class of the Iron Crown of Austria, of St. Anne of Russia, and of the Red Eagle of Prussia.
Returning to England in 1845, he commanded the Queen as flag-captain to Sir John West at Devonport, and in 1846-7 the Constance frigate in the Pacific. From 1848 to 1860 he was Surveyor of the navy; he was created a baronet on 19 July 1856; he became a rear-admiral in January 1858, and in February 1861 was appointed commander-in-chief at the Cape of Good Hope, whence he returned in 1864. He became vice-admiral on 10 Feb. 1865, and admiral on 27 Feb. 1870. He died on 12 Feb. 1876. He married, on 9 Sept. 1834, Mary Catherine (d. 1889), only daughter of Captain John Worth, R.N. , and had issue. His eldest son. Sir Baldwin Wake Walker, the present baronet, Is a captain in the navy, and at the present time (1899) assistant director of torpedoes; his second son, Charles, was lost in the Captain on 7 Sept. 1870.
J. K. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Walker, Charles Vincent

​WALKER, CHARLES VINCENT (1812–1882), electrical engineer, born in 1812, was educated as an engineer. As early as 1838 he recognised the importance of the study of the science of electricity, and took an active part in the newly formed London Electrical Society, of which he was appointed secretary in 1843. He first acquired a reputation in 1841 by completing the second volume and editing the entire manuscript of Dionysius Lardner's ‘Manual of Electricity, Magnetism, and Meteorology,’ which formed part of his Cabinet Cyclopædia. From 1845 to 1846 he acted as editor of the ‘Electric Magazine,’ and in 1845 he was appointed electrician to the South-Eastern Railway Company, a post which he held till his death. During his connection with the company he introduced many improvements in the railway system, among others an apparatus to enable passengers to communicate with the guard, for which he took out a patent (No. 347) on 5 Feb. 1866; and a ‘train describer,’ for indicating trains on a distant dial, patented on 24 March 1876 (No. 1026).
Walker also interested himself in submarine telegraphy, and on 13 Oct. 1848 sent the first submarine message from a ship two miles off Folkestone to London Bridge, the shore end of the cable being connected with a land line. In 1849 he assisted James Glaisher and George Biddell Airy, the astronomer royal, to introduce a system of time signals, which were transmitted from the royal observatory at Greenwich to various local centres by means of telegraph wires, an improvement of considerable benefit to commerce and navigation (Nature, xiv. 50, 110). On 7 June 1855 he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society; on 8 Jan. 1858 a fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society; in 1876 he filled the office of president of the Society of Telegraph Engineers and of Electricians; and in 1869 and 1870 he was president of the Meteorological Society, of which he had been elected a member on 4 June 1850. Walker died at his residence at Tunbridge Wells on 24 Dec. 1882.
He was the author of: 1. ‘Electrotype Manipulation,’ 2 parts, London, 1841, 8vo; pt. i. 24th edit. 1850; pt. ii. 12th edit. 1849. 2. ‘Electric Telegraph Manipulation,’ London, 1850, 8vo. These works were translated into French and German. He edited Jeremiah Joyce's ‘Scientific Dialogues’ (London, 1846, 8vo), and translated Ludwig Friedrich Kaemtz's ‘Complete Course of Meteorology’ (London, 1845, 12mo), and Auguste de La Rive's ‘Treatise on Electricity’ (London, 1853–8, 3 vols. 8vo).
[Telegraph Journal and Electrical Review 1883, xii 16; Monthly Notices of the Royal Astron. Soc. 1882–3, xliii. 182; Engineering, 1883xxxv. 18; Quarterly Journal of the Meteorological Soc. 1883 ix. 99; Journal of Soc. of Telegraph Engineers, 1883, xii. 1.]
E. I. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Walker, George (1772-1847)

​WALKER, GEORGE (1772–1847), novelist, was born in Falcon Square, Cripplegate, London, 24 Dec. 1772. At the age of fifteen he was apprenticed to a bookseller named Cuthell in Middle Row, Holborn, and two years afterwards started in the same business for himself with a capital of a few shillings. He remained in this business the whole of his life, and became prosperous. He first transferred his shop to Portland Street, where he added a musical publishing department, and finally, as a music publisher solely, he removed to Golden Square, and took his son George Walker (1803–1879) [q. v.] into partnership with him. He died on 8 Feb. 1847.
He wrote numerous novels after the then popular style of Mrs. Radcliffe:
* ‘Romance of the Cavern,’ London, 1792, 2 vols.
* ‘Haunted Castle,’ London, 1794, 2 vols.
* ‘House of Tynian,’ London, 1795, 4 vols.
* ‘Theodore Cyphon,’ London, 1796, 3 vols. ​
* ‘Cinthelia,’ London, 1797, 4 vols.; French translation, Paris, 1798–9.
* ‘The Vagabond,’ London, 1799, 2 vols.; French translation, Paris, 1807.
* ‘The Three Spaniards,’ London, 1800, 3 vols.; French translation, Paris, 1805.
* ‘Don Raphael,’ London, 1803, 3 vols.
* ‘Two Girls of Eighteen,’ London, 1806, 2 vols.
* ‘Adventures of Timothy Thoughtless,’ London, 1813.
* ‘Travels of Sylvester Tramper,’ London, 1813.
* ‘The Midnight Bell,’ London, 1824, 3 vols.
He also published a volume of poems, London, 1801, and ‘The Battle of Waterloo: a poem,’ London, 1815.
[London Directory; Biogr. Universelle; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
J. R. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Southern, Henry

​SOUTHERN, HENRY (1799–1853), founder of the ‘Retrospective Review’ and diplomatist, born at York in 1799, was the son of Richard Southern. He entered Trinity College, Cambridge, on 31 Dec. 1814, graduated B.A. in 1819 as twenty-second senior optime, and proceeded M.A. in 1822. He afterwards became a member of the Middle Temple, but was not called to the bar. He was deeply interested in early English literature and, to extend the knowledge of it among the reading public, he in 1820 founded the ‘Retrospective Review,’ which he edited alone till 1826, by which time fourteen volumes had been published. Between 1826 and 1828 two more were issued by him in partnership with Sir Nicholas Harris Nicolas [q. v.] The ‘Review’ provided valuable ‘criticisms upon, analyses of, and extracts from curious, valuable, and scarce old books,’ ​mainly of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Two more volumes of the same character were published in 1853–4. When Jeremy Bentham [q. v.] founded the ‘Westminster Review’ in 1824, Southern was for a time co-editor with John (afterwards Sir John) Bowring [q. v.], and in 1825 he became proprietor and editor of the second series of the later ‘London Magazine.’ He was also a contributor to the ‘Atlas’ at its first starting, and to the ‘Spectator’ and ‘Examiner.’ In 1833 he accompanied the English ambassador, George William Frederick Villiers (afterwards fourth Earl of Clarendon) [q. v.], to Spain as his private secretary. He was presently placed on the diplomatic staff, and, after remaining some years at Madrid, was appointed secretary to the legation at Lisbon. In 1848 he became minister to the Argentine Confederation, and in 1851 was promoted to the court of Brazil, and received the insignia of a companion of the Bath. He died at Rio de Janeiro on 28 Jan. 1853.
[Gent. Mag. 1853, i. 547; Athenæum, 1853, p. 353; Ward's Men of the Reign, p. 836; Archivio Americano, Buenos Ayres, 1851, No. 26 Appendix; information kindly given by the Librarian of Trinity College, Cambridge.]
E. I. C.