OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Woman of the Century/Martha Elvira Stone

​STONE, Miss Martha Elvira, postmaster, born in North Oxford, Mass., 13th September, 1816. where she has always lived. She is the only daughter of the late Lieutenant Joseph Stone. Her early education was in the district school in her native village. MARTHA ELVIRA STONE. She was graduated from the Oxford Classical School. Later she took a course of study in the academy in Leicester, Mass. She was in August, 1835. bereft of her mother. To secure for herself an independence, she taught for several years near her home, in both public and private schools, until, on petitions of the citizens, she was appointed postmaster at North Oxford. The date of her commission was 27th April, 1857. under the administration of Hon. Horatio King, First Assistant Postmaster-General. That office she has held thirty-six years. During all that time the office has been kept in her sitting-room. In February, 1862, her father died. In October, 1864, her brother died, leaving a family of young children, the oldest of whom, Byron Stone, M. D., she educated. By vote of the town of Oxford she was elected a member of the examining school board in the spring of 1870, which office she held until 1873. Her time and talent outside of her public duties have been given to literary pursuits. She was for eight years a co-laborer with Senator George L. Davis, of North Andover, Mass., in his compilation of the "Davis Genealogy." She was at the same time associated with Supreme Court Judge William L. Learned, of Albany, N. Y., in his compilation of the "Learned Genealogy." The Learned and Davis families were intimately connected by frequent intermarriages. From the former Miss Stone traces her descent. She is the great-granddaughter of Colonel Ebenezer Learned, one of the first permanent settlers of Oxford, in 1713. During the Civil War she entered into it with zeal and personal aid to the extent of her ability, in all that contributed to the comfort and welfare of the soldiers. Her room was the depot for army and hospital supplies.
# Woman of the Century/Martha Elizabeth Hotchkiss Whitten

​WHITTEN, Mrs. Martha Elizabeth Hotchkiss, author, born near Austin, Texas, 3rd October. 1842. She is the daughter of Hon. William S. and Hannah B. Hotchkiss. She entered school when she was five years old and was educated principally in the Collegiate Female Institute in Austin. At the age of fourteen years she was sent to McKenzie College. She began to
MARTHA ELIZABETH HOTCHKISS WHITTEN. write verses at the age of eleven, and at twelve and thirteen she contributed to the press. The death of her mother, before she was ten years old, saddened her life and gave to all her early poems an undertone of sorrow. Soon after entering McKenzie College she wrote her poem "Do They Miss Me at Home?" She was married when quite young, widowed at twenty-four, and left without money or home and with but little knowledge of business. She resorted to teaching as a means of support for herself and fatherless boys, and made a grand success of it, and soon gained not only a competency, but secured a comfortable home and other property. She has written on a variety of subjects and displays great versatility in her poems, historical, descriptive, memorial and joyous. Her poems were collected in 1886 in book-form under the title of "Texas Garlands," and have won appreciation in the literary world and success financially. She has written many poems since the publication of her book. She read a poem before a Chautauqua audience on Poet's Day, 23rd July, 1888, and one written by request, and read in Tuscola, Ill., 4th July, 1889, to a large audience. She is now engaged on her "Sketch- Book," which will contain both prose and poetry, letters of travel and fiction. She has been twice married and has reared a large family. Her home is in Austin.
# Woman of the Century/Martha L. Poland Thurston

​THURSTON, Mrs. Martha L. Poland, social leader and philanthropist, born in Morrisville, Vt., 12th May, 1849. Her father, Col. Luther Poland, was one of three brothers distinguished for public service and ability. The family were among the original and uncompromising abolitionists. Her mother, whose maiden name was Clara M. Bennett, was of sturdy New England stock, her ancestors having been among the first settlers of Vermont. Her parents removed to Madison, Wis., in 1854, and later to Viroqua, in the same State. MARTHA L. POLAND THURSTON. In 1867 they returned to Madison, where Martha completed her education in the University of Wisconsin. After leaving college, her parents removed to Omaha, Neb., where she has since lived. Her school-life did not commence until she was twelve years of age, and was completed just after her twentieth birthday. During that time she taught several country and city schools, and showed a marked talent and brilliant and thorough scholarship. Her essays were characterized by literary ability. On Christmas, 1872, she became the wife of John M. Thurston, then a young attorney, of Omaha. He is at present the general solicitor of the Union Pacific Railway system. He is a leading Republican and a noted orator. After her marriage Mrs. Thurston devoted herself almost exclusivelv to her home. She is noted as an exemplary wife and mother. Her two older sons, both of remarkable precocity, died in the late fall of 1880, and her family now consists of one son, twelve years of age, and two daughters, aged nine and seven. She has educated her children at home, personally arranging and supervising their studies, until the fall of 1892, when her son was admitted to the high school. She is known as a great traveler. She has visited all of the States and Territories in the Union but two, and is familiar with all American cities and points of interest. She has at times been a valued contributor to the press, her articles on Alaska and what she saw there having been copied throughout the United States. She has participated in several newspaper controversies on important public questions, always under a pen-name, and her authorship has been known only to a very few of her most intimate friends. For many years she has been identified with charity, having attended as a delegate all of the conventions of the National Board of Charities and Corrections since 1885. In the last one, in Denver, Col., July, 1892, she held prominent positions on committees and contributed by her efficient assistance to the success of the convention. She is the constant traveling companion of her husband, and has aided him in his public efforts and addresses. Her home is a model of modest elegance.
# Woman of the Century/Martha E. Sewall Curtis

​CURTIS, Mrs. Martha E. Sewall, woman suffragist, born in Burlington, Mass., 18th May. ​1858. She is descended from one of the oldest families of New England. Among her ancestors were Chief Justice Samuel Sewall, of witchcraft fame, and his sun, Rev. Joseph Sewall, minister of MARTHA K. SEWALL CURTIS. the Old South Church, Boston. On her grand mother's side she is descended from Henry Dunster, first president of Harvard College. She was graduated from Cambridge high school in 1874, the youngest of her class. She subsequently pursued the study of various literary branches and accomplishments. For several years she was a teacher, and at one time was on die school committee of her native town. She became the wife of Thomas S. Curtis, 3rd July. 1879. They had two children, both of whom died in infancy. Her husband died 27th December, 1888. He fully sympathized with his wife in her literary and reformatory work. After her marriage she took a full course in elocution at the New England Conservatory and was graduated in 1883. She afterward spent a year in the study of oratory to fit herself for public shaking. A firm believer in the equality of the sexes, she began when quite young to work for the enfranchisement of women. Her first appearance as a public lecturer was in the meetings of the National Woman Suffrage Association in Boston and elsewhere. In 1889 she was appointed State lecturer of the Massachusetts Woman Suffrage Association, and in that capacity addressed many public meetings in different parts of the State. She has also done much work for the reform by contributing articles to the newspapers. She edits a weekly woman's column in the Woburn "News," and she is president of the Woburn Equal Suffrage League. She has been active in urging women to vote for the school committee, the only form of suffrage granted to them in Massachusetts. She is a thorough believer in temperance, but holds that the best way to obtain good laws is to put the ballot into the hands of women as well as men. From her grandfather. Rev. Samuel Sewall, a famous antiquarian of the past generation, she has inherited a taste for historical research. She has recently written a history of her own town for the "History of Middlesex County."
# Woman of the Century/Martha Eleanor Loftin Wilson

​WILSON, Mrs. Martha Eleanor Loftin, missionary worker, born in Clarke county, Ala., 18th January, 1834. She was educated in the Dayton Masonic Institute, in that State. She became MARTHA ELEANOR LOFTIN WILSON. the wife, 14th November, 1850. of John Stainback Wilson, M.D. During the Civil War she had a varied experience in the hospitals of Richmond, Va., with her husband, who was a surgeon. At that time she wrote a little book, " Hospital Scenes and Incidents of the War," which was in the hands of the publishers, with the provision that the proceeds should go to the sick and wounded. The manuscript was burned in the fall of Columbia, S. C. A part of the original manuscript was deposited in the corner-stone of the Confederate Home, in Atlanta, Ga. She is the mother of five sons and one daughter. She has be< n a member of the Baptist denomination from early childhood, having been baptized in 1845. She has always been connected with the benevolent institutions of the vicinity in which she lived. She accepted as her life-work the duties of corresponding secretary of the central committee of the Woman's Baptist Missionary Union of Georgia. The central committee was organized by the home and foreign boards of the Southern Baptist Convention, 19th November. 1878, in Atlanta, with Mrs. Stainback Wilson as president. Besides filling the position of corresponding secretary, she is the Georgia editor of the "Baptist Basket," a missionary journal published in Louisville, Ky. She was for some time president of the Southside Woman's Christian Temperance Union and of the Woman's Christian Association of Atlanta, both of which she aided in organizing, At the same time she taught an infant class of sixty to seventy-five in her church Sabbath-school. Her ​entire time is given to works of benevolence. Her husband died on 2nd August, 1892. Her two-fold work goes on without interruption.
# Woman of the Century/Martha Finley

​FINLEY, Miss Martha, author, born in Chillicothe, Ohio, 26th April, 1828. She has lived many years in Maryland. Her father. Dr. James B Finley, was the oldest son of General Samuel Finley, a Revolutionary officer, major in the Virginia line of cavalry, afterward general of militia in Ohio, and of Mary Brown, daughter of one of Pennsylvania's early legislators. Her maternal grandmother was the daughter of Thomas Butler, who was a great-grandson of that Duke of Ormond who was influential in making the treaty of Utrecht. The Finleys and Browns are of Scotch-Irish descent and have martyr blood in their veins. The name of their clan was Farquarharson, the Gaelic of Finley. and for many years Miss Finley used that name as her pen-name. The Butlers were MARTHA FINLEY. military men. Five of Miss Finley's great-uncles of that name were in the war of the Revolution, two of them on Washington's staff. One of her great-uncles, Dr. Finley, was one of the early ​presidents of Princeton College. Her grandfathers, both on her father's and mother's side, were wealthy. Her grandfather Finley received large tracts of land from the Government in acknowledgment of his services to his country during the Revolution. He laid out and owned the town of Newville, Pa. Some of his land was in Ohio, and he finally removed to that State. In the winter of 1853 Miss Finley began her literary career by writing a newspaper story and a little book published by the Baptist Board of Publication. Between 1856 and 1870 she wrote more than twenty Sunday-school books and several series of juveniles, one series containing twelve books. These were followed by "Casella" (Philadelphia, 1869). "Peddler of LaGrave," "Old Fashioned Boy" (Philadelphia, 1871). and "Our Fred" (New York. 1874). It is through her "Elsie" and "Mildred" series that she has become popular as a writer for the young. Of the "Elsie" series there have been seventeen published, and she is at work upon another. The "Mildred" series is also very popular, six of that series having been published Miss Finley's pen has not been employed in writing exclusively for the young. She has written three novels "Wanted—A Pedigree" (Philadelphia, 1879), "Signing the Contract" (New York, 1879), and "Thorn in the Nest" (New York. 1886). Miss Finley resides in Elkton, Cecil county, Md., in a cottage which she has built in a pleasant section of that town.
# United States v. Sampson (187 U.S. 436)/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
187 U.S. 436
United States v. Sampson
Argued: October 29, 1902. --- Decided: January 5, 1903
Attorney General Knox and Assistant Attorney General Hoyt for United states.
Messrs. James H. Hayden, Joseph K. McCammon, George A. King, William B. King, William E. Harvey, and John Sidney Webb for appellees.
The libel in prize was filed by Rear Admiral Sampson in his own behalf and also in behalf of all of the officers and enlisted men of the United States Navy, who took part in the engagement off Santiago de Cuba on July 3, 1898, in the supreme court of the District of Columbia, and went to a decree of condemnation from which this appeal was prosecuted.
On May 19, 1902, the death of Rear Admiral Sampson was suggested by the Attorney General, and a motion made that the cause proceed under its then caption and without the substitution of any other individual as a party, which was postponed to the hearing of the case on its merits.
That hearing has been had, and counsel, in aid of the court, have made application for the substitution of the administratrix of Admiral Sampson, and submitted considerations in respect of the substitution also of one or more officers, as, and if, deemed necessary.
We think someone to carry on the proceedings in the interest of all should be substituted, but that it is not necessary that the personal representatives of those who may have deceased should come in, or that any person should ex officio be designated. The matter is merely one of convenience and without significance in itself.
Rear Admiral Evans, Rear Admiral Taylor, Captain French E. Chadwick, and others are represented in the litigation by counsel; but Rear Admiral Schley and others are not. Of those so represented, Rear Admiral Evans is absent on a foreign station, while Rear Admiral Taylor is within the jurisdiction. It seems to us that the substitution of Rear Admiral Taylor will satisfactorly meet the exigency, and it will be ordered accordingly.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# United States v. Sampson (187 U.S. 436)

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
187 U.S. 436
United States v. Sampson
Argued: October 29, 1902. --- Decided: January 5, 1903

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# United States v. Sampson

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "United States v. Sampson."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* United States v. Sampson (187 U.S. 436)
* United States v. Sampson (371 U.S. 75)
# United States v. Sampson (371 U.S. 75)

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.

## Dissenting Opinion

    Douglas
United States Supreme Court
371 U.S. 75
United States v. Sampson (371 U.S. 75)
Argued: Oct. 18, 1962. --- Decided: Nov 19, 1962
Howard P. Willens, Washington, D.C., for appellant.
Randolph W. Thrower, Atlanta, Ga., for appellees.
Mr. Justice BLACK delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Who's Who in China (3rd edition)/Chiang Ch'ao-tsung

General Chiang Ch'ao-tsung
江朝宗字宇澄
General Chiang Ch'ao-tsung was born at Ching-te Hsien Anhui province, in 1859. He began his official career as an expectant Taotai in the Ching Dynasty. Before he came to Peking he was the Brigade-General in command of Hanchung Garrison. In July 1912 General Chiang became Acting Commander-in-Chief of the Metropolitan Gendarmiere and also Deputy Lieutenant-General of the Bordered Red Chinese Banner. In December 1912 the first mentioned post was substantiated to him. In May 1917 General Chiang was awarded the First Order of Wenfu, the highest military order. ​About the same time he was appointed Assistant Commander of the forces for the maintenance of order in Peking and Tientsin. In June 1917 General Chiang accepted the post of Acting Premier and countersigned President Li Yuan-hung's mandate dissolving the Parliament. In the beginning of July General Chang Hsun made the attempt to restore the old monarchy. General Chiang being an old official of the Ching Dynasty was soon favored with two appointments, Commader-in-Chief of the Imperial Metropolitan Gendarmerie and Director-General of the Peking Octroi. The monarchical restoration did not last long as Chang Hsun's forces were soon brought into subjection by Marshal Tuan Chi-jui's army. All those who had accepted appointments from the coup d'etat were suspected of sympathy to Chang Hsun. General Chiang consequently resigned from all the posts that he had been hitherto holding and retired into private life in Peking where he is at present considered a leading citizen. In August 1917 he was created a Chiang Chun of the Chiang Chun Fu or the College of Marshals with the special title of two words "Ti Wei." In October 1922 President Li Yuan-hung conferred upon General Chiang the Third Order of Merit in recognition of the service he had rendered to the country during the first few years of the Republic.
# Who's Who in China (3rd edition)/Chiang Kang-hu

Dr. Kiang Kang-hu
江虎虎
(Chiang Kang-hu)
Dr. Kiang Kang-hu was born at Shang-jao Hsien, Kiangsi Province in 1889. When he w a youth he was given a thorough education in Chinese literature and the classics. Dr. Kiang received his modern education first in Japan, then in Belgium and last in America. In the Chang time, after 1900, Dr. Kiang held the following positions: Director of the Pei Yang Translation and Compilation Bureau; senior secretary of the Board of Justice; professor of the Peking Imperial University. After the first revolution which resulted in the establishment of the Republic of China Dr. Kiang organized the Socialist Party and was chosen leader. The party was dissolved by the order of Yuan Shih-kai, in November 1911. In the following year he was proscribed by Yuan Shih-kai who ordered to arrest him. He had to leave China and for several years he was a refugee ​in America. While in America Dr. Kiang interested himself in educational work. Then he was lecturer in the University of California; and in charge at one time of Oriental Collections, Congressional Library, Washington, D. C. It was from the University of California that he was conferred the honorary degree of Doctor of Philosophy. In 1921 Dr. Kiang travelled extensively throughout Soviet Russia. In 1922 after having returned to China, he organized the Southern University at Shanghai and is now its President. In summer 1924 he extended the activity of his University by establishing the Peking Division of the Southern University. The Socialist Party of China was reorganized in June 1924 and Dr. Kiang is still its leader. Dr. Kiang is a well known writer. Among many of his works that have been published are: A series of text books on Chinese Literature (1905); A series of lectures on the World History (1910); "Hung Shui Chi” or “The Flood” (1913;) Chinese and Social Revelation (1913); A series of lectures on Chinese Classics (1920); Travels in New Russia:(1923); The Poems of the Tang Dynasty (1923); Collection of Addresses and Speeches (1923). Dr. Kiang's address is 44, Markham Road, Shanghai, or 2, Fu Yuan Shih Hou-Chieh, Peking.
# Who's Who in China (3rd edition)/Chiang Shun-te

Dr. S. T. Kong
江順德字文治
(Chiang Shun-te)
Dr. S. T. Kong, was born at Paoan Hsien, Kuangtung Province, in 1380. He attended the Peiyang University Tienisin, from 1895 to 1900. The year of 1902 found him in the University of California where he studied for three years, graduating with the degree of B. S. in 1905. After that he spent two more years in the States attending Columbia University from which he got an M. A. degree in 1907. Upon returning to China, he was called to attend examination of returned students in Peking, and was conferred with a doctors degree in engineering by the Imperial Ching Government in 1909. Soon after he was engaged as mining and metallurgical engineer hy the Provincial Government of Hunan at Changeha, which position he held until 1909. In 1909-1912, he was engineer-ir-chief for the Lead and Silver Smelting Works of the Hunan government. This work was the first work started by Chinese on a scient​ific scale, and is still going on at present. The year following found him as Engineer-in-Chief for the Canton government where concurrently he was Co-director for the Canton Government Analytical Laboratory and Chemical Department. He was engineer-in-chief for the Tsang Shing Mau-Fung-Shan Gold Mining and Milling Company 1913-1915. After that he was. engineer-in-chief and technical manager of the Hunan Government Smelting Works which is for smelting antimony. When the great war was over, the price of antimony dropped almost to nothing. Dr. S. T. Kong proposed to the Hunan government to run the works for smelting Chinese copper cash for copper and zinc. He succeeded in turning out pure copper and zinc which played a great part in keeping down the price of foreign copper in the province. Dr. Kong is the founder of the Bright Star Company, zinc oxide, colors and paints manufacturers, and he is its manager and engineer-in-chief. It has works at Changsha, Hunan, and head-office at Hankow. Dr. Kong is also at present the president of the Board of Directors of the Dau Sung School, newly founded at Hankow. He is also the manager of the Hankow office of the National Commercial and Savings Bank of Hongkong. He is interested in the Chinese Y.M.C.A. work and is the chairman of the board of directors of the Wu-Han Y.M.C.A. He is also a member of the Board of Trustees of the Boone University, Wuchang, and member of the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers since 1905.