# Notes of the Mexican war 1846-47-48/Chapter 5

CHAPTER V.
Sunday August y, 1847.—This morning the orders for marching on to the city of Mexico, read to us last evening, were countermanded, and orders read that we are to remain here to form the main garrison of Puebla.
Never did I see the countenance of men change so suddenly, and never did I see a set of men more provoked and put out about anything in all my life. They cursed and swore and called Gen. Scott almost everything for keeping us here, for we were all in high glee, expecting, without fail to go on to the city of Mexico with the main army, and be with it in all the pictured battle scenes which are to be fought at the great empire of Mexico; but all our hopes of triumphant prospects and victory were dashed.
"You can't go," were the words; discouraged and dismayed again. The cause of our order being countermanded is that Maj. Twiggs, of the United States Marines, who was detailed to form part of the garrison of Puebla, being a near relative of Gen. Twiggs', and was anxious to be with the army marching on to the city of Mexico, his orders were changed from forming the garrison, and was ordered to march in our place. Our men will never forgive Maj. Twiggs for taking the advantage of our orders of marching on to the city, and the general saying is that they don't wish Maj. Twiggs any luck; they also ​blame Gen. Scott for changing our orders, and I regret that the high esteem and admiration held by our men for Gen. Scott is now reversed, they making uncomplimentary remarks about our misfortune.
About 8 o'clock, a.m., the advance of Gen. David E. Twiggs' Second Division began to move for the ancient capital of Montezuma.
This division is composed of the whole cavalry brigade of dragoons and mounted riflemen. The First Dragoons were under Capt. Phil. Kearney; Second Dragoons under Maj. E. V. Sumner; Third Rifle Dragoons under Capt. McReynolds; and the whole brigade under that gallant and heroic dragoon officer. Col. Wm. S. Harney; First Brigade under Gen. Persifer Frazer Smith; First Artillery; the Mounted Rifle Regiment; Third Infantry; Taylor's Battery; Second Brigade under Acting Gen. Bennett Reiley; Fourth Artillery, First and Second Infantry; in all about three thousand men and a train of some two hundred wagons.
When the old silver-haired veteran, Gen. Twiggs, passed our quarters, we gave him three cheers. The mounted band on their splendid white horses, struck up the "Star Spangled Banner," and "Yankee Doodle," etc. Oh! didn't I wish I was with that crowd.
This evening I hear a good deal of dissatisfaction and grumbling going on among our men. Some blame Col. Wynkoop, who, with the other four companies of our regiment, are now stationed at Perote Castle. They say had he been with us, our order for marching would not have been changed.
Later this evening I learn that Lieut.-Col. Samuel W. Black, of our regiment, tendered his resignation to Gen. Scott, but it was not accepted by that officer.
Maj. Twiggs was afterwards killed at the storming of the Castle of Chapultepec, September 13, 1847.
Thus, through ambition and inspiration for military fame he lost his life with glory to himself and family. ​Sunday, August 8, 1847.—This morning I could still hear our men grumbling and swearing on account of our disappointment. Lieut.-Col. Black again insisted on his resignation, and to join the advancing army, and go even as a private, but Gen. Scott still refused to accept it; and at the same time told Col. Black, that he must not be uneasy, and not to think that he will have no fighting to do; that he, Col. Black, will find it out, and that before long; that he will have enough of fighting to do before the war is over, also, that he, Scott, noticed our six companies on parade ground, to be the best drilled and disciplined body of soldiers in the whole volunteer division, they being used to hardship and fatigue, and that we were the kind of troops he wanted to garrison one of the main points on his line of operation. Good-bye, Colonel! and may God protect you and your gallant little band in the discharge of your duties.
About 9 o'clock, a.m., we were ordered to form in front of the Alameda Park, to salute the officers and division as they pass out. This is the Fourth Division under the command of Gen. John A. Quitman, it's called "the Volunteer Division of Gen. Scott's army." Our little band, when the advance were coming, played the "Star Spangled Banner," "Hail Columbia," and "Yankee Doodle." Finally, our late Brig.-Gen. James Shields came riding along at the head of his First Brigade, he was received with six cheers and a regular yell which lasted for several minutes, which made his horse rear on his hind feet, in regular Jackson style. The General took off his hat with one hand, and with the other returned the salute, saying in a loud voice, "Good-bye!"
Gen. Shields is one of the most popular Generals in our army. As Gen. Quitman passed, he was also received with three hearty cheers, and directly after him came our great chieftain, Maj.-Gen. Winfield Scott, our men would not cheer him on account of his keeping us here as a garrison, but of course, he received a present arms; this he returned by a wave of his hand. Our band played "Hail to the Chief." ​He was accompanied by Capt. Phil. Kearney's First Dragoons, and they expect to overtake Gen. Twiggs' division to-morrow. This division is composed of the South Carolina, New York and Second Pennsylvania Volunteers, and a detachment of four hundred United States Marines, under Maj. Twiggs. After they had passed we returned to our quarters, but still wishing ourselves to be with the main army.
Monday, August 9, 1847.—This morning at 8 o'clock, a.m., we were again formed in front of the Alameda Park, to view Maj.-Gen. William J. Worth's First Division pass out. It commenced to move at the above hour, and it took nearly four hours until the rear guard passed out. It is the largest division that has yet passed. It is composed of two brigades; First Brigade—Second and Third Regiment Artillery, Fourth Infantry and Capt. Duncan's Field-Battery, under Col. Garland. Second Brigade, Fifth, Sixth and Eighth Infantry, under Col. Clark. The whole division is composed of regulars over five thousand strong, and about three hundred wagons. The soldiers all looked remarkably well, and in high spirits, confident of their success in the approaching contest in the valley of Mexico.
After they had passed, we were removed from our comfortable quarters Plaza de Toras, to a regular built barracks called Quartel de San Jose. Here we are to remain until further orders.
As soon as we entered, our men made a rush (which is generally the case when we come into new quarters), for his place or bunk to dormir (sleep), every one was trying to get the best place. Joseph C. Taylor, John Newman and myself, succeeded in getting three bunks together, but sorry to say, they are all laid in with bricks, and from the foot to the head it rises about four inches, at the head is an offset and a rise of about three inches more, which is intended for a almohado (pillow); just to think of a brick pillow to rest your weary head on. ​Tuesday, August 10, 1847.—This morning, Gen. Gideon J. Pillows' division left. This is the smallest division that has left this city. It is composed of the following regiments: Ninth, Eleventh, Twelfth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth United States Infantry and Voltigeurs Rifles, Col. Andrew commanding. The Mountain Howitzer Battery under the command of Capt. Talcott, Lieuts. Callander and Reno are attached to the Voltigeurs; they have their howitzers strapped on the mules backs. This division does not look so well as the rest, they having just arrived a few days ago from Vera Cruz, and not having had time to clean or shake the dust off their backs.
This division is divided into two brigades, the first brigade is commanded by our fellow townsman, Brig.-Gen. George Cadwalader; the second brigade, by Brig.-Gen. Frank Peirce; Capt. Steptoe's battery is also attached to this division; it takes a train of over three hundred wagons loaded mostly with ammunition of war, this is the rear division of our army. The advance of Gen. Scott's army must, by this time, be close on to the city of Mexico.
We noticed that the Mexicans were already beginning to get very saucy, the result was, we had to go to work and flog a half dozen of them. This caused considerable excitement among the Mexican corner-loungers, we could see them standing around the streets in deep conversation, and no doubt planning how to get the best of these Yankees, but we are watching their movements with keen eyes.
This afternoon Col. (now Governor) Childs had a long interview with the Alcalda of this city. Their conversation took place in the Palace Hall. The Alcalda assured and declared that he would do all that laid in his power to maintain order and suppress all outrages that may take place in Puebla. Good for the old Alcalda.
This evening we have a great deal of criticism in our ranks, in regard to the promotion of Gen. Pillow from Brigadier to Major-Generalship. How he gained this promotion is the question asked by many of the volunteers who were under ​his command at the battle of Cerro Gordo, where he (the moment the enemy fired upon us) took to flight down the steep hill, and was not seen, nor could Col. F. M. Wynkoop's messenger find him, until after the battle was fought and over. These are the facts. He is, without a question, the poorest and most unpopular General in the United States army, and how he gained his promotion over that gallant and skilful General, James Shields (who at the battle of Cerro Gordo was dangerously wounded), is a mystery to many of our soldiers. But poor Gen. Shields, unfortunately, is not closely related to Jimmy Polk which is the reason. And if Gen. Pillow will do no better in front of the city of Mexico than he has done, God save our little army! I think if Gen. Scott had his way he would send Gen. Pillow to the Island of Lobos until the war is over, then let him be honorably mustered out of the United States army, and then let Jimmy Polk appoint and send Gen. Pillow as Minister to the city of Mexico, for he would be the most suitable man for the position, for the simple reason he has seldom harmed a hair of any Mexican.
Wednesday, August 11, 1847.—This morning Governor Childs received information through our spy company (which is principally composed of Mexicans) that a large force of guerillas were near this city awaiting an opportunity to steal upon us and cut off all parties that may fall in their way. So on the strength of this we were ordered to prepare ourselves with forty rounds of cartridges for any emergency, and the howitzers were mounted on the parapets, and all spared soldiers got in readiness for an attack. A guard was stationed on the San Jose church steeple, near our quarters, to keep a sharp watch on the ladrones.
In the evening mobs were gathered on the street corners, in fact everything began to look very suspicious. The stores even closed early, this shows that something is up.
Now, I begin to think, and so do many others, that Gen. Scott's words to Col. Black will yet come too true. We will have enough fighting before the war in Mexico is over. ​I learn this evening that our whole fighting force consists of about one thousand men, including the hospital rangers, besides over five hundred soldiers very sick in the hospital, whom we have to protect as well as ourselves. Good night.
Thursday, August 12, 1847.—This morning it is reported that the lancers or guerillas were in the plaza, and had run our teamsters from their wagons, which were at the time at the butcher's shop loaded with slaughtered beef to be distributed among the different companies. They cut one of our teamsters with their sword and nearly killed him, he barely making his escape. One man was cut in the head and shoulder, and was left laying on the pavement for dead.
This outrage has caused a great deal of excitement among the respectable portion of Mexicans, as well as among ourselves. The Mexicans, on hearing of this cowardly act upon our unprotected men, closed their stores, and everybody seemed to be getting out of the streets as soon as possible. The cloud that now enshrouds us looks bad, I see it gathering thick and fast, but the darker cloud and threatening bloody storm is darker for the butchering of our innocent men. Their blood will and shall be avenged.
In the evening we were again placed on ramparts, looking and awaiting for these cowardly Mexicans to attack our quarters (San Jose), but these fanfarronado perro (bragging dogs) had not the courage to charge or show any fight, or show their yellow, beggaring faces. So, of course, we were left laying upon our arms all night to sleep and to watch.
​Col. Thomas Childs is a native of Massachusetts. He entered the army as Third Lieutenant, March 11, 1814. He worked his way up to full rank of Major in the First Artillery, February 16, 1847, and soon after raised to his present rank. He greatly distinguished himself at Palo Alto and Monterey. At Cerro Gordo he fought side by side with the gallant Col. Harney, and like him received the highest commendation of Gen. Winfield Scott. He was appointed (during the absence of the main army from this city) military and civil Governor of Puebla. His career as a military commander, during the siege of Puebla, speaks for itself.
Friday, August 13, 1847.—This morning Gov. Childs issued orders not to allow any soldier to be from his quarters after 2 o'clock, p.m., without a pass from his commanding officers.
At noon Capt. Ford's Third Cavalry company patroled the streets, picking up all straggling soldiers found from their quarters.
In the afternoon I noticed some of our wagons were employed to haul sand to fill into the small canvas bags, to build breastworks and station a battery across the streets leading to San Jose Square. This puts us in mind of the building of breastworks at Vera Cruz, only sand was more plentiful there.
To-night we are again placed on the ramparts awaiting for the enemy to make an attack upon our quarters.
Saturday, August 14, 1847.—This morning we went to work, and were kept busy in filling up sand bags for our breastworks across the street. The windows of houses in our immediate neighborhood are all barricaded with these sand bags. The howitzer men are piercing the walls for the musketry, and also for the howitzer pieces. Everything is getting in readiness for combate (fighting).
At noon Capt. Wall, of the Third United States Artillery (who died last night), was buried close by our quarters. He was left here in the hospital sick at the time his regiment marched on to the city of Mexico. ​This afternoon news came to Gov. Childs, by a Frenchman, who has been living in this city for some time, that the citizens in general expect an attack on our quarters (San Jose) tonight by a large force of lancers and guerillas.
In the evening the Mexicans had a torch-light procession and a band of music to arouse the citizens to arms, but the good citizens could not see it in that light, as they have been humbugged enough. From the movements of Gov. Childs I think he expects an attack shortly. Let them come. We are fully prepared for any emergency. We require no such wild excitement to arouse and to inspire our men on to fight. Let lurid glare of the cannon and the piercing musketry flash. We are always ready to meet the enemy, and can face ten to one.
To-night we are on the ramparts awaiting for the expected and looked-for attack, but looked and waited in vain. They did not come to get a taste or even a smell of our good American powder. Oh! I tell you we were all wishing for the Mexicans to make an attack on our Quarters, so that we might have a fair sweep at these fanfarronado, guerillas, and let them know that our quarters (San Jose) are not to be trifled with, besides it would have done us good to have an opportunity to lay some of these fanfarron companero (boasting fellows) low.
Sunday August 15, 1847.—This morning there is a rumor afloat that a train with two thousand troops had left Vera Cruz for this city a few days ago. Also a rumor of a fight between our dragoons and a party of lancers at Plan del Rio, or near the old battle-ground of Cerro Gordo, and that our dragoons got whipped, and were driven back. The rumor in regard to a train coming from Vera Cruz is a mere rumor from the enemy, as we have no tidings of any such train being on the way. So we don't place any truth in these rumors.
This afternoon Charles Anderson, of Co. D, First Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, died at the hospital. He was what ​I call a great gambler, and has mostly followed that profession ever since he has been in the army. I never saw him doing any duty, for, I suppose, he belonged to that class of soldiers that could do just as they pleased, but he has at last been beaten badly.
In the evening there was another torch-light procession marching through different streets. They had on their banners, "Gen. Scott whipped, and had half of his army killed in attempting to storm the EI Penon Pass." There seems to be a great deal of entrusiasmo (enthusiasm) in their ranks, and a great excitement throughout the city. If this news is true it is surely bad news from our army in front, but I do not believe a word of it. They may have been compelled to fall back, but never met with such disastrous repulse. Old Scott is too sharp a General to be caught in such a trap. That is not the way our Generals are brought up.
To-night I was put on picket-guard on a very dangerous corner. I could plainly hear the Mexicans cheering for Gen. Santa Anna, also loud talking about Gen. Scott's defeat at El Penon Pass.
Monday, August 16, 1847.—This morning after I was relieved from guard duty I viewed the dress-parade. Orders were read and issued to the commanding officers of each company to have all the soldiers (of their respective companies) hair cut short all over. This caused a great deal of dissatisfaction among the volunteers. They are cursing and juroros (swearing), saying that they will not suffer or allow their hair to be cut short, and look like a jail bird. It is true we are soldiers, and that it is expected of the soldiers to obey all laws and orders that may be issued, yet, at the same time, we don't care about being treated like slaves or prisoners. Joseph C. Taylor, of our mess, who usually wore his hair long, says he will not have his hair cut short.
This order has caused the high estimation that our boys had for Gov. Childs, who, by-the-by, thought the world of him, to fall a little below par; and instead of Gov. Childs' ​name being in every soldiers' mouth in praise, is now, and his hair order, cursed.
This afternoon there is a rumor that the train had arrived at Perote, but it comes from very poor sources. Also a rumor that Gen, Scott was compelled to counter-march, and fall back to a little town called Ayotla to avoid a battle at El Penon. This accounts for the Mexicans last evening having inscribed on their banners, "Gen. Scott whipped and defeated, but say nothing about losing one-half of his army;" which the Mexicans, no doubt, since found out to be false, for they seemed to very quiet about the city all day.
No corner mobs or procession this evening.
To-day is the three hundred and twenty-eighth anniversary of Conqueror Cortez, leaving Vera Cruz for the capital of Mexico, it being on August 16, 1519. The second invaders, the grand army of the United States, commanded by Conqueror Winfield Scott, is now battering against the walls of the ancient capital of Montezumas.
Tuesday August 17, 1847.—This morning we received information through our spy that some of the Mexican officers, who were captured and taken prisoners at the battle of Cerro Gordo, and now on parole of honor, were holding a council of war in this city.
So this evening about 10 o'clock Gov. Childs sent a guard after them, who marched on until they came to a romantic looking building, situated at the outskirts of the city, a place well calculated for such purposes. The guard took charge of the front door, and, at the same time, surrounded the building; after which they rushed into the building, and succeeded in arresting three of their paroled officers. Also found a large quantity of small arms and ammunition concealed in the building. The prisoners, and other booty, were escorted to Gov. Childs' headquarters, and from there to the calaboos de crimonel to await for further hearing. After this arrest Gov. Childs received information from good authority that this city would soon be surrounded by a band of guerillas, ​all under the command of Gen. Lorenzio Rea, who will make an attempt to drive us Yankees from the city of Puebla.
To-night (except the above little excitement) all is quiet.
Wednesday, August 18, 1847.—This morning, before daylight, we were ordered up on the parapet or ramparts, as we call it, expecting an attack every minute. Here we remained until 10 o'clock, a.m., and no sign of any attack. All seemed quiet in town.
Mr. William Byrely, of Co. A, of Pittsburgh, and one of the best buglers in the army, came on the parapet and blew several national airs, letting the enemy know that we are still alive and kicking.
In the afternoon one of the Mexicans came to Gov. Childs and told him that he thought the guerillas would try to make an attack on our quartel (San Jose) to-night. He said he got this from one of the guerillas himself. Gov. Childs thought the Mexican spoke the truth. So on the strength of this report we were (in the evening) all ordered up on the parapet; here to remain until morning, unless otherwise disturbed by the assaulting parties. Also orders that if any soldier leaves the ramparts, without orders, he would be court-martialed.
To-night a guerilla came around the corner of Post No. 7. Our sentinel challenged him. At this instant the Mexican fired at our sentinel, and then ran as fast as his legs could carry him, no doubt rejoicing and thinking that he had accomplished his aim in killing the sentinel; but, fortunately, it being very dark missed the sentinel. The would-be murderer did not run far before he was met by one of the city mounted policemen, who ordered him to stop running. The orders were not obeyed, and he kept on running. The policeman then put spurs to his horse and followed him; when near again ordered him to stop and surrender himself, to this he gave an insulting reply, when the policeman up with his sword and cut the guerilla over the head; in fact his head was cut completely in two. He was afterwards searched, and on his person was found a sword, musket and dirk-knife, such as thieves and robbers generally carry. ​If ever these guerillas should come to this city and get the controlling power, I wouldn't give much for the policeman who just cut and killed one of their desperados umbra.
12 o'clock to-night.—Still no attack. We are wishing that these infernal liars would do something, and not fool so much.
Thursday, August 19, 1847.—This morning a courier left here for Vera Cruz, with orders for Col. (now governor) Wilson of that place to push forward the train now lying at that city without delay, as we are surrounded and expecting to be attacked by a large force of lancers and guerillas. The message was baked in a loaf of bread to avoid detection. It was carried by a Mexican on an old mule, both poorly clad. Tonight, as usual, on the rampart waiting for an attack. To-night I was put on picket guard at Post No. 7, and, I assure you, I kept a sharp eye on the guerillas.
Midnight.—No attack.
Friday, August 20, 1847.—This morning, after I was relieved from guard, I noticed that there was a good deal of excitement down in the city among the corner-loungers, who were talking loud and making motions as if to shoot. They must have heard bad news from their side.
In the evening Gov. Childs came to our quarters and ordered all hands under arms, saying that he had information that a large force was moving on this city with six pieces of artillery. The order was cheerfully obeyed with cheers and cries of "Let them come!" The governor went away laughing, when some one back in the corner hallooed out, "Who cut your hair?" Some one answered, "Col. Childs." This caused a laugh. The Colonel, while walking away, couldn't help but laugh himself, saying, "Oh, never mind the hair order." Another great laugh, and cheers for Governor Childs, after which we all went on the ramparts to watch the enemy, but no guerillas showed themselves to-night,
Saturday, August 21, 1847.—This morning the Mexicans have a report that our train, under Gen. Patterson, was driven back to Plan del Rio, and that Gen. Patterson had to send ​back to Vera Cruz for more re-enforcements so as to carry him to the Castle of Perote. All these reports come from the Mexicans. We place very little confidence in all these rumors and in particular this one; for there is not force enough between this and Vera Cruz to drive two thousand American troops to the gulf. Besides this, Capt. Walker, with his Texan Rangers, are constantly on the road from Perote to Plan del Rio to keep the National Road open. Again we have no news of Gen. Robert Patterson being on the way to Perote.
This evening, while my friend William Eurick, familiarly called "Bob" by his comrades, was on guard at the quartermaster's department, he noticed three agraziento (greasers) coming up the street. Bob challenged them to halt, telling them to leave, which they did, but soon afterwards came back again. Bob again challenged them, and told them to vamos, or he would tirar (shoot). They left, but cursoving que juramento (cursing and swearing), and they attempted to come the third time; but this time Bob asked no question, but aimed and fired (disparar), hitting one of them in the knee, and the others correr huires (ran away). Robert Eurick was no more troubled.
Sunday, August 22, 1847.—This morning the stubborn and unfortunate Mexican who tried to tamper with our guard last evening, and who was shot in the knee by him, was brought to our quarters at San Jose, and had his wound dressed by Dr. Bunting, for which he thanked him, and was taken home, promising that he would never fool or tempt our guard again, also said (which I think was true) that he was borracho (drunk). He lives directly in the rear of our quarters. He said, also, that he was promised a commission in their army provided he killed so many Americanos.
At noon I was again put on guard. I begin to think my time to go on guard comes too often. I think that I am imposed upon by men who are as brave at the table and in as good health as I am, but when duty calls them, they all at once become suddenly ill with the diarrhœa and can't go on guard for fear of ——themselves. I shall keep an account ​of those who go on guard and those who do not. It rained nearly all day, making it unpleasant for guard duty. In the evening while on post, I had the pleasure to witness a regular fandango (fight) between two Mexican senoritas fighting for about fifteen minutes, all about a senor. They were finally taken by the city police to their homes, and not to the lock-up, as is the case in Philadelphia or New Orleans.
Monday, August 23, 1847.—This morning no nuevas of any importance from Gen. Scott of how he is making out on his new route to the city of Mexico.
At noon some twenty odd lancers made their appearance in the plaza, and such another scattering and running of greasers to and fro I never saw. The police engaged them, and, after several rounds of firing, the guerillas left, threatening to come back soon with a stronger force. The Alcalda is doing his best to keep those guerillas out of the city as long as he can. The law-obeying citizens fear these guerilla thieves more than they do us Yankee soldiers.
During this little excitement in town we were again ordered on the ramparts, expecting that they might attempt to disturb us; but they took good care not even to show themselves anywhere near us.
This evening several Pennsylvania volunteers who belong to the Second Regiment, who were left here in the hospital, died, and were consigned to their resting-place near our quarters.
To night all seems quiet again—no firing.
Tuesday, August 24, 1847.—This morning, while we were sitting around our breakfast table and thinking of nothing except eating and drinking our bread and coffee, Gov. Childs came into our quarters with a piece of paper in his hand, smilingly saying, "Men, I have good news." Our men sprang to their feet and gathered around the Governor as near as they could, with their eyes and ears wide open. He then read the letter, stating that Gen. Scott with his gallant little army had fought three battles near the city of Mexico, on the 19th and ​20th insts., and that our army was victorious in all these battles, defeating and routing Gen. Santa Anna's army in all directions. Friends should have seen the joy, enthusiasm, and shaking of hands, throwing their caps up in the air, shouting and lifting high hosannas to freedom's triumphs. The news was soon spread among the rest of the men.
Wednesday, August 25, 1847.—This morning I find the soldiers still much rejoiced over the glorious news from Gen. Scott at the capital. The victory of our army before the capital has saved our little band from being massacred or driven to the Gulf of Mexico.
During the day several squads of our men went from one quarters to another, giving cheers for Gen, Scott and our army; yet, at the same time, we could not forget Gen. Scott for not letting us participate in those glorious victories, but we may (as Gen. Scott said) have enough of fighting to do here in this city before the war is over, and be in as grand a battle-scene as in the city of Mexico or valley. Time will tell. Our communication to Perote Castle and Vera Cruz is now cut off, and, like the first conqueror, Cortez, we will either have to fight our way through or die in this tierres calientes.
The Mexicans were thunderstruck when they heard the news from the city of Mexico. They boasted that our army would be defeated before the capital. They don't know what to think of it; it has quieted them down, and they have little to say.
This afternoon news arrived in this city that Gen. Patterson had a fight at our old battle-ground, Cerro Gordo Pass, with the guerillas, defeating them, and marched on to Jalapa City, and there encamped for the present, We all hope the report may be true; but we have poor hopes of it being true—in fact, our officers have no information of any train being under the command of Gen. Robert Patterson. Ever since the battle of Cerro Gordo I thought very little gf Gen. Patterson as a general, yet I hope, since he has been home to recruit his health and strength, that he also may have recruited himself ​in courage and bravery. Come on, Gen. Patterson, we will all greet you with a hearty welcome!
In the evening news came to Gov. Childs that the guerillas were strengthening their forces by re-enforcements from the city of Mexico. They surely can't be Gen. Santa Anna's men; he wants them to defend the city of Mexico. These guerillas are raving mad since Gen. Santa Anna's defeat, and are cursing the Yankees all hollow. Poor fellows, they are dismayed and struck with horror at their defeat!
Thursday, August 26, 1847.—This morning we saw the Mexicans in different grupa (groups), talking and seeming to be in deep conversation—no doubt planning some scheme to make an attack upon our quarters. Some of our men could plainly hear them making considerable estrepito que fanfarron (noise and boasting) about how they would treat us when they make the attack on us; but all such boasting and bragging do not alarm us, for we are used to them long ago.
About 10 o'clock, a.m., an express came from Guadaloupa Heights, which is guarded by Capt. Turner G. Morehead, of Co. G, First Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, stating that a party of guerillas had succeeded in breaking open the mule-yard, and were driving off the mules (in all about seven hundred head) towards Atlixco—-driving them fast.
The wagon-master who had charge of the mules, and was temporarily absent, with some five or six of his teamsters, mounted on horses and went in pursuit of them; but they had not gone far before our men overtook the guerillas and had a sharp skirmish, killing one guerilla and wounding several others. But our men were soon overpowered by a large force, before unseen, and had to fall back to their quarters for more re-enforcements. Capt. Small, on hearing of the result, went to Gov. Childs, and asked permission to mount his company and go in pursuit of the thieving guerillas and recapture the mules; but Gov. Childs refused the permission on account of our force being too limited. Finally a party was made up of wagon-masters, teamsters, army followers and some soldiers, ​including several of the quartermaster's department—numbering in all thirty-two men of all grades—all mounted on spirited horses. The soldiers who went with this daring party are Morris Stemler, Alburtus Welsh, of our company (C), Mr. Priest of Co. I, Mr Longstaff of Co. K—all of the First Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers. Several others and myself wanted to go along, but were unable to procure horses and saddles to be ready in time to go with them.
The party formed in front of our quarters, and after everything was ready, they started off under the command of a wagon-master and Lieutenant Sperry, of the Second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers. They passed on through the city in the direction where the guerillas were last seen. The blanket gentlemen were of course all standing on the street corners and the National Road and on tops of houses and church steeples, watching the movement of our men. They hadn't gone far before our men met a large force of well mounted lancers and guerillas. We could, from our quarters, plainly see our men following the lancers. At last they charged on the lancers, who then fled.
Most all of our men were on the ramparts, and we could see our men going in hot pursuit of our stolen mules. When our men had arrived at a small stream, which crossed the road, they found out that the guerillas had driven the mules up through the water for the purpose of avoiding detection. Our men followed them until they came to the foot of a steep hill, when suddenly five or six guerillas sprang out from behind a cluster of trees and fired upon our men, but doing no damage, except wounding one horse. The guerillas ran into a wild brush of trees, where horses could not follow. Yet we on the ramparts could see the guerillas retreating down on the other side of the hill, towards an old building at the foot.
Here we noticed our men were forming into line of battle, and charged after the guerillas who were in a terrible terror, and being ignorant of the field of our observation, gained on the lancers at every jump the horses made. They kept following them in ​full charge, until a large force of lancers were seen coming out from under the cover of a grove of trees or chaparral, numbering over three hundred lancers, who charged by a flank movement upon our little band of thirty-two men, but our men in an instant turned their horses and faced them, and fought like so many lions. But seeing that they were overpowered by re-enforcements, and their (our) ranks getting thinner, had to retreat, but not until nearly the whole band was either killed or wounded, and out of thirty-two that started only ten men returned to tell the tale of the guerilla fight of August 26, 1847. The rest were either killed or taken prisoners. Those who returned say that it was one of the most stubborn fights of the war, and had our men about fifty more men they could have whipped them and recaptured the mules.
In the evening thirteen of the unfortunate young men, who were in this guerilla fight, were brought in on a cart by a Mexican, dead, and mutilated in a most horrible manner. Every one was stripped astro (stark) naked of their clothing. Some of them were lanced no less than ten times in their breast and body.
This sad affair has caused great excitement in our quarters, and we are all threatening to avenge the blood of these poor victims.
This evening Gov. Childs issued orders that on and hereafter, no parties or companies would be allowed to go out in pursuit of the enemy, unless they had an order from him.
Friday, August 27, 1847.—This morning another one of the unfortunate victims was brought in by the Mexican on an old cart. He said that he found him laying on the road stripped of everything he had on him, and his body horribly butchered and mutilated. He was washed, and then laid out with the rest of his butchered comrades. The dead bodies were viewed by nearly the whole garrison; after which they were consigned to their last resting place.
This outrage and butchering of these men has cast a deep gloom over our little army of Puebla, and it will be a warning ​to me and others not to venture out in so small bodies. But, mark you, retribution and vengeance will yet come upon those thieving guerillas.
I am pleased to see that my friend Alburtus Welsh made good his escape. He was hotly pursued by two guerillas, but their horses gave out, by this time Mr. Welsh ran his horse into a well-stalked, green corn-field, and there hid himself from the view of these guerillas until dark last evening, when he came to our quarters much exhausted. He said it was the narrowest escape from death that he had ever experienced in all his life. He says that he knows nothing of Morris Stemler and John Longstaff, as when they were attacked by the unseen forces everyone looked out for himself; but he thinks that when they saw that it was all up with them they threw down their arms and surrendered themselves as prisoners, but what their fate will be God only knows, because the guerillas seldom take any prisoners; but there is one thing, they were captured in Uncle Sam's uniform, which they are bound to respect. So we hope and trust that the blood-thirsty and angry portion of these guerillas may have cooled down and spared the lives of the prisoners, and exchange them as prisoners.
In the evening Lieut. Sperry, of the Second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers (who was with the party yesterday), was brought in dead, and stripped of everything. His body was badly mutilated, and was stabbed five times in the breast and one big stab in the back. Lieut. Sperry's regiment is with the main army, now battling in the Valley of Mexico, The time his regiment left he (Lieut. Sperry) was left here in the hospital with the complaint of diarrhea, and had so far recovered that he could do duty, and joined the mule party as a volunteer officer, and led the charge, and, unfortunately, lost his life.
The few who returned speak in the highest terms of him, as one of the bravest and most daring officers in the army. I saw him frequently before he was killed, and I must say that I ​considered him the best uniformed and finest-looking officer belonging to our whole garrison. He was a well and highly educated young man. He was beloved and esteemed by all who knew him. Lieut. Sperry belonged to Capt. Naylor's company, Second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, and hailed from Philadelphia, Pa.
Saturday, August 28, 1847.—This morning news from Gaudaloupa Heights stating that the train was coming from Amozoquco road. Their belief was from the dust they saw at a distance on the road, but when they came nearer they saw that it was the lancers, and saw them stop and encamp on the same place where our men had the fight with the guerillas the other day. At noon they rode into the city and commenced to open stores and private houses, for the purpose of plundering them. The police and some of the citizens engaged them, and for a half an hour the firing was very brisk, and finally the Third Dragoons came riding in the quarters, and I really thought that the lancers were right on top of us. We hurried up on the ramparts with our muskets, and had our mouths full of dinner. We staid here until 3 o'clock, p.m.
There seems to be a great deal of shooting down in the plaza among the Mexicans themselves, and our spies informs us that the city policemen were obliged to get upon the house tops and fire therefrom on the guerillas.
In the evening all seemed quiet about or near our quarters.
At 11 o'clock, p.m., we were suddenly called up by a great firing in the plaza, but it soon died away, and we again laid ourselves down not to sleep, because these infernal greasers will not let us sleep, but to rest and watch.
Sunday, August 29, 1847.—This morning a Frenchman came to our quarters in a great hurry, and very much excited, stating that the guerillas had some of our diarrhœa men shut up in a church, and they were going to kill them, and would have done so had it not been for some of the Mexican women interfering. Gov. Childs sent word to Lieut.-Col. Black, saying that these sick soldiers must be rescued if possible. So Col. ​Black formed a company of men and marched to the plaza, right in front of the bishop's palace, and there demanded the release of our sick men, or else we would blow up the Cathedral. The bishop told Col. Black to retreat to quarters, and he would see that our men were safely delivered as soon as the mob had dispersed. So our men marched back to their quarters, and sure enough, it was not long afterwards, news reached us that the guerillas were dashing into the plaza and were again trying to get hold of our sick men, but the citizens and women particularly, prevented the guerillas from taking our men; hearing of this second outrage we were again formed into line and marched to the plaza; the street at this time was full of greasers, and we expected to have a fight with them.
As soon as we arrived at the Cathedral we instantly surrounded it, and Col. Black ordered that the doors be opened, if not, he would burst them open, they were not opened, so orders were given, and we burst open the doors and relieved our men who were prisoners and marched them up to Gov. Childs' headquarters, where they received a severe reprimand.
Our men whom we left in their quarters when we went after our men were quite surprised to see us come back without having a fight with the guerillas, as the streets were full of them.
In the evening. Gov. Childs received a letter from Gen. Rea, stating that he had several American prisoners, including three officers, whom he would willingly exchange for some Mexican prisoners who are in our possession; but Gov. Childs could not agree to Gen Rea's proposition. It seems that Gen. Rea wanted the Mexican prisoners released first, but Gov. Childs couldn't see it in that light, and of course there was no exchange.
About an hour or so afterward Gen. Rea issued a proclamation to the citizens of Puebla. He states his grievances in failing to exchange prisoners, or to come to any terms with the Yankee Governor; that he was about to make an effort to ​drive these uncompromising Yankees out of this city, and he now appeals to the friends of the great Republico of Mexico to rise and aid him in the glorious cause; a cause which is for the Holy Catholic Church and his country's right. Rally! rally! take up arms and assist him, Gen. Rea, in his determination to strike the blow and drive the garrison of Puebla back to the Castle Perote, then he, Gen. Rea, would be able to cut up Gen. Scott's army in the rear, now before the city of Mexico; winding up by saying rally, rally Mexicans, and let us drive these Yankees who neither believe in God, Christ, devil, hell or anything else.
We all laughed at this proclamation, and we are not much afraid that the citizens of Puebla will rally around his standard or his holy cause, for they have been humbugged and bamboozled so often before that they will not be in a hurry again. In fact, even if they did rally, they couldn't drive us from our quarters without a great loss to themselves.
About 11 o'clock, p.m., the Frenchman, who by-the-by is a particular friend to us, came to our quarters and informed Col. Black that the Mexicans would make an attack on Fort Loretto. So, on the strength of this news, Company I and K, both of our regiment, were sent up to the fort to re-enforce the garrison, and the rest of our men were ordered up on the ramparts of San Jose, to be ready to assist in case of an attack.
Also, that the Mexican forces are now over three thousand, all under the command of Gen. Rea, but we don't care how strong the enemy may be, we wouldn't feel any ways uneasy, for we in our different positions are strongly fortified, besides, we have determined and pledged ourselves to hold on to our quarters to the last.
Our Adjutant informed us to-night, that we haven't five hundred soldiers fit for active duty, yet with this small force we have to hold three positions, San Jose, Fort Loretto and Guadaloupa Heights; besides this, we have a hospital of nearly fifteen hundred sick to protect from falling into the hands of the guerillas. ​Also, that the diarrhœa blues who had been released from the church this morning, were lodged in the guard-house for disobedience of Gov. Childs' orders.
Twelve o'clock to-night, and no prospect of an attack from the enemy, everything is very quiet. We are beginning to think that the enemy have again postponed the attack until some more suitable time. Some of our men would jokingly remark, "Oh, I wish they would come or else do one thing or the other, either make the often promised attack or leave the city and let us rest in peace."
It seems strange that these gallant lancers in their splendid uniforms, and with their fine equipments, and with their unfolded standards, making everything ready for an assault upon us poor Yankees, and when the approaching hour comes, even to the very last minute, they lack the courage and back out, their boasting and much pretended courage fails them and falls like a withered leaf in the fall of the year.
Monday, August 30, 1847.—This morning all seems quiet again, and the two companies who were sent to Fort Loretto last evening returned without having any combatis (battle).
It is now rumored (and it seems to come from pretty good authority) that Gen. Scott and Gen. Santa Anna have agreed upon an armistice to cease all hostilities of both armies now in Mexico for thirty days, for the purpose of giving the two powers a chance to negotiate for peace. This is probably the cause the enemy did not make the attack on Fort Loretto last night. The same reason for everything being so quiet; in fact it was the general remark among our men, saying how quiet everything is this morning.
At noon our company (C) received orders to go to Fort Loretto this evening; not knowing but what the enemy might play opossum on us.
So after supper we started for the fort, and I shall ever remember it. A storm came up and the rain fell in torrents all night; it was dark, and the stormy wind had a large scope in and around the fort, dashing the rain drops into our faces. ​One of our sentinels was attacked by several Mexicans who threw stones at him. The sentinel hallooed out to them to vamose, but to this the Mexicans paid no attention. So, of course, the only remedy our sentinel had was to shoot at them, which he did, and the result was, one was shot and the rest fled. After this the sentinel called for the Sergeant of the guard, who promptly obeyed the sentinel; telling the Sergeant what took place, and that he thought from the groans he heard that he must have shot one of the Mexicans. The Sergeant, to satisfy himself, went to the supposed spot, and, sure enough, found the Mexican laying on the ground with part of his entrails shot out, and suffering in great agony. He was picked up and taken into Fort Loretto, but soon died. He looked horrible. The cause of his misfortune was just. He had no right or business in that neighborhood, nor to throw stones at our sentinel or any other soldier at that hour of the night.
Tuesday, August 31, 1847.—This morning the rain and storm ceased, and the sun rose clear, but the wind still blew very hard, and the black clouds overhead scudded along at a rapid rate to the northward.
At 8 o'clock, a.m., we returned to our quarters much soaked from the storm and heavy rain of last night.
After breakfast we dried our blankets and clothing by the fire, and hung them in the dry wind.
At noon Cos. A and I, of our regiment, were notified to go to Fort Loretto to-night. Our men say they can't account for this double duty, and particularly when there is an armistice agreed upon to cease hostilities until some arrangement is made about peace; but I suppose Gov. Childs knows better what is going on than us poor miserable privates or Corporals. There is not much astir, everything seems very quiet.
This afternoon there is a report that Gov. Childs and Gen. Rea have exchanged several prisoners. I hope it may be true, for we would love to see our boys again to see how they look, and see whether they have improved on the Mexican rations. ​It is rumored, and in fact confirmed by the Alcalda, that Gen. Paredas, a distinguished officer of the Mexican army and of the Republic of Mexico, was secretly and safely landed at Vera Cruz about the 15th inst., by the British mail steamer "Teviott." This has caused quite a stir among the officers and soldiers of our army, to think that our blockaders at Vera Cruz are not more watchful, and look out for these scamps. They must have either been drunk or asleep.
About 3 o'clock, a.m., Mr. William H. Briggs, of our company, died of diarrhœa. He had the strongest and loudest voice, and could halloo louder than any other soldier in Gen. Scott's army. He could frighten a whole regiment of Mexican soldiers. He was a good, jolly fellow, a good companion, and, the best of all, a good and brave soldier. He hailed from Philadelphia, Pa.
To-day it has been hot and sultry.
Late in the evening Mr. Briggs was buried with the usual honors. Capt. Small spoke eloquently on the life and character of the deceased.
To-night I was put on picket-guard, and about midnight the report of an escopet was heard up in the neighborhood of the hospital. The Sergeant of the guard was promptly on the spot, but nothing could be seen on account of the darkness of the night. So the Sergeant went back to the guard-house quarters. He told me that one of our soldiers (a prisoner) escaped from the guard-house with a musket in hand.
Wednesday, September 1, 1847.—This morning at daylight I saw one of our men laying dead in the street, only a few squares from my picket post, shot through the forehead. He was one of our sick soldiers from the hospital. What he was doing out at that time of night in this neighborhood is unknown to his friends.
This should be another warning for those who venture out beyond the picket-guard; in fact it is a wonder that the sentinel stationed near the hospital did not shoot the diarrhœa blue himself. ​After I was released from guard-duty I was told that the prisoner who made his escape from the guard-house was one of our picket-guards. So much the worse for him if he is ever caught.
At noon an express arrived from Gen. Scott stating that the hostility between the two armies before the city of Mexico had ceased for thirty days, and that the Commissioners were about to meet to negotiate for peace.
Thus the rumor of the other day is fully confirmed by Gen. Scott's orders.
In the afternoon two companies were detailed to go to Fort Loretto, also ten men from each company, to lay on the ramparts.
It is rumored this evening that the Alcalda is going to resign his commission in a few days, on account of the Bishop refusing to uphold the agreement and laws of Puebla.
This would be a sad affair to us, for he is a good Mayor. He trys to enforce the laws to keep peace and order.
To-night it rained intensely, and those who were detailed to go on the ramparts got soaked through, otherwise everything was quiet.
Thursday, September 2, 1847.—This morning early the rain ceased. The men who were on the ramparts all last night came down and dried their blankets; complaining that they were cold, wet and hungry.
About 8 o'clock, a. m., the guerillas brought some of their prisoners to the Alcalda's office for safe keeping, but the Alcalda gave them such poor satisfaction that they thought it was best to take them back again to their own rendezvous.
At 10 o'clock, a. m., the guerillas made a bold dash into the plaza, and succeeded in driving off one of our wagon-masters and captured a wagon loaded with fresh bread. So we were compelled to go without fresh bread.
In the afternoon a flag of truce came into our quarters, escorted by five lancers. Its result was, that the Mexicans wanted to meet a delegation of one hundred soldiers from our ​side halfway between this city and Chulula, and there make an arrangement to exchange, man for man, under a flag of truce; but Gov. Childs knows very well that there is no honor among thieves in disguise—that this plan was for the purpose of decoying our men into their clutches; but nary a time. Gov. Childs is too well posted in their dirty tricks. He can't be fooled in that way. The Governor said, "Why don't these professed honorable lancers bring the American prisoners to the outside of our picket-lines, and there ask for an exchange of prisoners, man for man. This would look more like business in a fair way and honesty." Of course their request was not complied with, and they left with a flea in their ear, no doubt saying to themselves, "You can't fool these Yankees; they are too sharp."
To-day, Sergeant Johnston, of Co. G, First Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, died in the hospital. His company being stationed at Guadaloupa Heights, they could not leave their quarters to attend their dead comrade's funeral, for fear the enemy might take advantage of their absence and make an attack on their quarters. Our company took charge of the dead comrade and buried him. Capt. Small, of our company, spoke and made some touching and feeling remarks about the deceased, and closed by saying that our dead soldier, Sergt. Johnston, had served out his enlistment with the army of our land away from home.
In the evening I understood that an arrangement had been made between Gov. Childs and Gen. Rea to have an interview in order to make some arrangement to exchange prisoners.
This has been the third time that an arrangement of this kind has been made, but always failed. Whether they will succeed this time or not, to-morrow will tell; and I hope that they may come to some terms and exchange our men, for we all know they would feel rejoiced in coming back again.
Friday, September 3, 1847.—This morning, by an agreement between Gov. Childs and Gen. Rea, they were to meet and make some arrangements to exchange prisoners. ​Gov. Childs was to proceed to Gaudaloupa Heights, the place selected to meet, and there wait until Gen. Rea made his appearance on the Amozoquco Road, and then to advance and make the final arrangements.
Gov. Childs with his escort of fifty of Capt. Ford's Third Cavalry and Co. A, of the Fourth Artillery, under Capt. Miller, were on the spot at the appointed time. Here they waited for over one hour after the time set, and, finding that the moral and gallant Gen. Lorenzo Rea did not make his appearance, our men returned sadly disappointed in not seeing Gen. Rea and to make the exchange.
It was also a disappointment to us who were left behind in not seeing our men exchanged, and particularly our young friend Morris Stemler, (familiarly called Johnny Bull,) who is a jolly young fellow; he used to tell us many stories about the young gals who used to come in his tailor store on North Second street, Philadelphia.
In the afternoon hand-bills were posted up on the street corners, calling on the citizens to rise up in arms and assist him. Gen. Rea, in driving these condenable (damnable) Yankees out of Puebla City.
In the evening another flag of truce came to Gov. Child's quarters, making an apologia (apology), stating the reason why Gen. Rea did not come to meet him yesterday. The reason given we did not hear, yet it must have been satisfactory to Gov. Childs, for he made arrangements again to meet Gen. Rea to-morrow at noon, at the Saint Augustine Church, there to exchange prisoners. We all hope it may be a success, for our men would be rejoiced at their liberation.
Saturday, September 4, 1847-—This morning there was not much of anything going on, except the general talk among our men of the prospect of exchanging prisoners.
At noon, Gov. Childs and his usual escort, (our company being one of the escort,) proceeded toward the Saint Augustine Church by the way of Tivola Garden, and sure enough, there ​for the first time, met Gen. Rea and his escort, which consisted of his whole force now stationed in and around Puebla. About five or six hundred Lancers and guerillas, and about fifteen hundred Infantry. The Lancers were dressed in splendid uniforms and were well mounted. The Infantry Gen. Rea had stationed behind the Saint Augustine Church in a large corn-field, partly out of our view, but we could plainly see these yellow umbras peeping at us from behind the cornfield.
We watched their movements, and we could see that the Infantry were not so well clad as the Lancers. Finally, Gen. Rea with about fifty Lancers, (leaving his main force in the corn-field,) came riding up to the church; during this movement there seemed to be a little excitement among the enemy, and we could see the Mexicans peeping out from behind the corn-fields. We were all ready and waiting for them if they made any attempt at foul play. We had about three hundred well and sick Yankees (as Gen. Rea calls us,) laying low in the Tivola Garden, (which is a splendid place, well shaded with large trees,) waiting for fear the Mexicans would attempt to make a break on us who were with Gov. Childs. But this fuss was all for nothing; Gen. Rea told Gov. Childs that he, Gen. Rea, had turned all the American prisoners over to his Government, and he had no more to do with them; but he assured Gov. Childs that the prisoners would be well treated. After an hour or so of conversation, they parted, and the parting was like that of two old friends who haven't saw each other for some time; but that's the way in time of war. They also made a proposition to cease further hostilities until they received orders from their Government as they were now negotiating for peace at the capital of Mexico. So ends the fourth attempt of the exchanging business.
Sunday, September 5, 1847.—This morning there is nothing talked about except peace, and, as a fellow says, the voice of peace is whispered all around. If Gen. Scott thinks it is time to make it, let it be soon but honorable; if he thinks that ​peace can be accomplished without shedding any more precious blood, let us have it. At noon we saw a few lancers playing about outside the city. In the evening one of the diarrhœa blues was attacked by three Mexicans while on post. One caught hold of his musket, while the other two tried to kill him, and they came very near carrying out their devilish design. They cut his skin clear across his throat, and he only escaped by hallooing for the Sergeant of the guard. The Mexicans succeeded in making their escape.
Monday, September 6, 1847.—This morning we saw several lancers at the suburbs of the city going through their manœuvres in the way of drilling. This afternoon Gov. Childs came to our quarters and told us that he expects that Gen. Scott will be successful in concluding peace between the two armies. This evening the report is that Gen. Rea has declared war on his own hook, he not being pleased with the reception the good and intelligent people of Puebla gave him when he made his last appeal for them to rise and drive those Yankees out. There is no news of our train from Vera Cruz or from the city of Mexico.
Tuesday September 7, 1847.—This morning news came from Guadaloupa Heights, stating that the train was in sight. This raised a great joy among our soldiers, who were preparing to receive them. The dragoons were ordered out to escort the train into town; but while we were rejoicing, it turned out to be the Mexican army advancing upon Puebla. Gov. Childs ordered the long roll beat, and all soldiers to get under arms and prepare for a bloody battle. Every soldier is now hallooing out, "Hurrah for a fight! We are ready for them; let them come, if they dare! "Gov. Childs, with the Third Dragoons, went out to reconnoitre the Mexican army, and at the same time Cos. A and K, First Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, proceeded to the Tivola Garden, and there laid in ambush to support Gov. Childs and his party, they fearing the Mexican army would attempt to surround Gov. Childs. The Mexicans now halted about two miles from the city on a ​plain, and formed into line of battle—so all soldiers on the ramparts. Our officers are seen going from one post to another, saying to the men, "The Mexicans are coming; we will surely have a big fight now."
Twelve o'clock to-night.—No attack yet. Oh, we wish they would not fool us so much!
Wednesday, September 8, 1847.—This morning we all looked for the Mexican army, but could not see them, they having moved from their position of last evening. At noon we learned that Gen. Rea, with his force of three thousand men, passed through this city last night, then countermarched back to, no doubt, Amozoquco, there to wait for the up train, which is now overdue.
In the afternoon three marines were put in the guard-house for being drunk and disorderly. They belong to Major Twigg's command, and were left here sick in the hospital.
This evening it is rumored that hostilities have again commenced in the city of Mexico.
Thursday, September 9, 1847-—This morning there is great excitement in the city—being All Feasts Day. The citizens had a grand parade. They marched through the principal streets, carrying banners, lighted candles and crosses, headed by a Catholic priest in full popery dress. They were accompanied by several fine bands of music—in fact, I saw more Mexicans to-day than I ever saw here at one time. They all behaved themselves well, and everything passed off quietly, and when the parade passed near our quarters. Gov. Childs ordered us all up on the ramparts of Quartel San Jose, to show ourselves in a body, to show these Mexicans that there are still a few Yankees left in and about Puebla City.
In the afternoon several extra papers were published in this city, giving an account of the great feast day and praising the large parade, also about Gen. Santa Anna, accusing him of cobardio (cowardice) at or before the city of Mexico-—accusing Santa Anna of selling the battles to Gen. Scott. Yes, Yankee blood bought and paid dearly for all the battles fought in the ​Valley of Mexico. Their cry in the city of Mexico is, "Death to Gen. Santa Anna and the danado (damned) Yankees!" It also has a strong vindication of Gen. Valincie, who, it seems, commanded the El Penon Pass, which pass had to be abandoned by the Mexican forces, on account of Gen. Scott out-generalling Gen. Valincie, by countermarching around it. This plainly shows that there is ill feeling between Gens. Santa Anna and Valincie, and may cause trouble between them.
Friday September 10, 1847.—To-day is the Mexican thirty seventh anniversary of the revolution of Hidalgo, it having taken place on the 10th of September, 1810, and independence was declared September 16, 1810. I noticed to-day that there was a great deal of excitement among the citizens, whether it is on account of their anniversary or other unseen instigacion (excitement) I am not able to state, but from their cheers and crys its between the friends of Gens. Santa Anna and Valincie, the citizens mostly decide with Gen. Valincie, but the soldiers are with their old friend Gen. Santa Anna. There seems to be a good deal of entusiasmo among the poor and middle classes of people, and we can hear them gritar (cry) to rally to the republicana bandero (banner), and for Gen. Minion as their Commander-in-Chief of the Mexican army; and this shows the temper and feeling among the Mexican people, and it looks as if poor Santa Anna was losing ground and the good will of his people. There is one thing sure—Gen. Santa Anna will have to do something for his country soon, or his people will be after him with a hot stick.
In the afternoon, my friend, Jacob Banner, of our company, who some time ago went to the hospital, died in that institution to-day, after a protracted illness, which, like most of them, was caused by exposure to this tierres calientes. He hailed from Little York, Pa., and was one of the party that left that little town and joined our company at Harrisburg, Pa.; he, like his comrades, left with a stout heart and patriotism for the present war with Mexico; he was a good companion and a good soldier; his impulses were generous, and his actions the ​fruition of noble instincts; his character was perfect; he was exceptionally moral, without a single defective habit; he was a jovial and a good-hearted man. It is true poor Jacob Banner did not meet his death on the bloody battle-field, and victimized by a Mexican bullet, yet he sacrificed his life for his country's cause; his death is much regretted by his friends—in fact, our whole company is much grieved at his loss, for he was obedient, made friends with all who came within the circle of his acquaintances; enemies he had none in our whole regimental ranks, for such gentle natures give offence to no one, and we shall ever hail with the warmest affection his cherished memory; and make him a hidden, quiet room, in the depth of our spirit's gloom, where, while we live, he may abide, shadowy, silent, sanctified.
Revolution of Hidalgo, 1810.
I will now, on this anniversary, citar (quote) extracts from different writers on the cause and variation of the revolution in Mexico against Spanish rule, which made an essential difference as to the time required by Mexico to free herself from the miseries of Spanish rule. Here the civil commotions in Spain had so disturbed the rule of the so-called viceroys, that the old native Indian and mixed race element had easily and essentially observed its importance in solving the problem of future government. It was thus easy to incite them to insurrection. Don Miguel Hidalgo, a cura (parson), who is the father of the Mexican independence, moved by public and private wrongs, headed the uprising and organized a force of 110,000 Indians and mixed races. The success of the grand movement depended upon the Creoles—a powerful and fierce tribe—who then formed a large part of the forces of the regular army, and had they sided with the Indians, the revolution would have been successful, and the country freed from the Spanish tyranny. Unfortunately for the Indian cause, the first body of the insurgents fired into the Creole troops and commenced in the towns and villages an indiscriminate massacre ​of old Spaniards and Creoles. This outrage united the Creoles for mutual defence, and for a time the most ruthless barbarities were committed on both sides.
Don Miguel defeated the Spaniards and Creoles, and proclaimed the independence September 16, 1810, which independence is celebrated throughout all Mexico every year with great pomba and enthusiasm.
The success of the revolution and the declaration of independence caused such an enthusiasm among the insurgents that the most fearful and terrible retribution was taken upon their oppressors, and for a time it appeared that the entire Spaniard and other European blood would be forced from the Mexican dominions.
Had the insurgents been properly commanded, there is no doubt but that they might have swept every European from Mexico.
The Church party (who, by-the-by, are never satisfied) at this time opposed the Don Miguel insurgent party, and the Archbishop of Mexico excommunicated them from the church in a body.
Thus the insurgent cause was considerably weakened, and the lack of the necessary materials of war rendered it comparatively easy for the regular and Creole forces to overthrow the insurgents. But it was not gained so easily. A terrible war of caste was waged with savage ferocity on both sides. General Calleja met the insurgents and defeated them at Guanxuta, where he ordered General Augustine Iturbide to put fourteen thousand men, women and children to the sword; for which barbarity he was created Mariscolde Campo for distinguished services, decorated with the cross of the Order of Charles III. and appointed to the vice-royalty of Mexico.
Thus Hidalgo, who was a good man, a popular leader, but a poor soldier, was defeated, and, through the treachery of one of his generals, Bustamento, was captured July 11, 1811, and shot July 27, 1811, at Chihuahua. ​After this horrible butchery the different States were divided, and waged war against one another until 1812, when another priest, named Jose Maria Morelos—formerly the Lieutenant General of Hidalgo's army, assumed command of the independent insurgent army. Gen. Morelos established a Mexican Congress, and proclaimed that despots and bad government, not Hidalgo, were the real cause of the insurrection. The Congress appealed to the Creoles to join them in their struggle against the oppression of the dominant class—to join hands with them, and overthrow their power and marauding party. By this appeal Gen. Morelos was fortunate enough to hold the power of government until November 5, 1815, when he was betrayed by one of his generals at Tepegahualco, and, as already stated, shot at the city of Mexico, December 22, 1815.
After this a guerilla warfare was carried on in almost every State, and it seems the poor Creoles suffered most by it. By this treatment the Creoles gradually began to take sides with the insurgents, and many valuable officers and men, including Gen. Iturbide, were added to the ranks of the insurgents by desertion from the royalist forces.
April, 1817, another priest, named Xavier Meina, espoused the insurgent cause, but he was not only a poor leader but unfortunate soldier. He achieved nothing but defeats, having but few followers. In November of the same year he was captured and executed.
Guerilla warfare, under different leaders, was carried on until 1820, when a considerable movement took place among the Creole forces in aid of the insurgents, or revolutionists, as they were then called, headed by their popular leader, Gen. Iturbide, of whom I will have more to say as I go along.
Thus it is plain to be seen that the great number of revolutions which have taken place in Mexico since the Conqueror Cortez' rule have been as great in the sacrifices of human lives and the destruction of property as it was at any time under the rule and government of the Aztec, when all the people in the civilized world lifted up their hands and prayed for the ceasing ​of these numerous sacrifices. All the revolutions since Cortez' rule were caused by the Catholic Church rule, and it will be continued on as long as the vara (rod) of this church is held over their heads.
There is no liberty here; the high priest of the Catholic Church crushes the liberties of its people; and I have never heard that a country ever prospered where a religious power rules or governs. Look at Rome, for instance—one time the finest and richest, as well as one of the most wicked cities in the world. The most cruel, perfidious, licentious, and abandoned, and generally speaking, the wickedest men and women the world ever saw, figured in the history of the Eternal City. Literally, there were monsters in those days, and the greatest monsters were the priest and patrician, and not the plebeians or humble citizens. Oh, yes! look at whole Italy, once so grand and noble, once the acknowledged ruler, held sway over nearly all the known world, as she sat in royal grandeur, enthroned on her seien hills, now a miserable waste, divided into petty sovereignties, and a by-word for guilt and degradation; all its glory and wealth has forever been banished by the system of the Roman Catholic Church, the sworn foe of religious liberty. Oh, yes! look at this city of Puebla—a fair and a most beautiful and the best planned city I have ever seen, situated in one of the most fertile and richest countries on earth; yet, see the degradation and misery that prevails amongst its people—all under the Catholic rule, composed of the most ignorant, bigoted, and superstitious men in the world.
Saturday, September 11, 1847.—This morning, on dress parade, the sentence was pronounced on those convicts by the court-martial, which broke up last evening. After the parade we entered upon the solemn duty of consigning our lamented comrade, Jacob Danner, to his final and long resting place; from dust thou comest, and to dust thou must go. He was carried to the grave by four members of our company, viz.: Robert Eurick, Peter Ahl, William Patterson, and Thomas O'Neil. The flag of the First Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, surrounded the pall. The funeral was followed to the ​grave by nearly all of our company and part of the garrison. He was buried with all the honors of war that is awarded to the departed soldiers; and I am free to say that he died fully prepared to meet his God. A breach is made in our company's ranks, a hero is gone to his long home.
"How sleep the brave who sink to rest, With all then-country's wishes blest; When Spring, with dewy fingers cold. Returns to bless their hallowed mould, She there shall dress a sweeter sod Than fancy feet have ever trod; There honor comes, a pilgrim gray. To bless the turf that wraps their clay, And friendship will, awhile, repair, To dwell, a weeping hermit, there."
There is nothing more affective, solemn and imposing than a military funeral. To listen to the roll of the muffled tumbor (drum), and the mournful music; after the slow, steady and solemn tread of the escort, their arms and regimental colors hung with crape. All conspires to render it a touching scene as it passes on, and at the grave, when the remains of the departed comrade are laid in their final resting place, there is something thrilling and sad, even in the report of the musketry, as the escort discharges their farewell volley over his lowly couch.
Sunday, September 12, 1847.—This morning Robert Eurick, Alburtus Welsh and myself took a walk to Jacob Banner's grave, and put a neat head-board at its head, with the name of Jacob Banner, Co. C, First Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, cut in the boards. After which Mr. Alburtus Welsh, a bosom friend of the deceased, took a sketch of his grave and surrounding scenery.
The marking and naming of the head-board and sketching of the grave and scenery is done in case the friends of Mr. Banner wishing to take up his body, to take it to his native hills; so that there can be no mistake in taking up the wrong body. ​In the afternoon one of our spies came in out of the city, stating that the Mexican army is now laying out at the papermill, which is about four miles out of the city, with four pieces of artillery, and are making every preparation they can to make an attack on us. But he could not tell when the attack is to be made. We, of course, don't care when they make the attack, for we will be ready for them most any time; in fact we would like to have a good little fight to enliven us up a little.
This evening it is rumored among the Mexicans that the armistice between the two armies has terminated in rumpus. Gen. Scott could not agree to the Mexican terms. So the contest of strength is to be decided by the sword, and not by the pen.
The reports have it that Gen. Santa Anna has, during the armistice, and while negotiating for peace, strongly fortified the city of Mexico, and strengthened the Castle of Chapultepec. This shows the treacherous disposition of the Mexican Government, pretending to make peace, and, at same time, making strong preparations for war. Oh! you infernal scoundrel; you ought to be hung on the first tree for your treasonable acts.
Late this evening the enemy commenced to fire on our picket-guard very rapidly, which caused us to double the guards. We could hear them boast that Gen. Scott would have to fight before he could get into the city of Mexico. So the report must be true.