OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Knight, Charles (1743-1827?)

​KNIGHT, CHARLES (1743–1827?), engraver, born in 1743, is sometimes stated to have been a pupil of F. Bartolozzi, R.A. [q. v.] He appears, however, to have practised stipple-engraving independently, and ​subsequently became quite as skilful as Bartolozzi himself. He was at first employed on somewhat indifferent prints for such works as Harding's ‘Shakespeare Illustrated,’ ‘Memoirs of Grammont,’ &c., but later obtained a good reputation, and was extensively employed on more important work. He engraved numerous subjects after H. W. Bunbury, Angelica Kauffmann, F. Wheatley, T. Stothard, J. H. Benwell, J. Hoppner, J. Northcote, J. R. Smith, and others, as well as many portraits after Sir Joshua Reynolds, Sir Thomas Lawrence, &c. Others are often credited with his work. His engraving of ‘The Spirit of a Child borne to Heaven,’ after W. Peters, is usually ascribed to W. Dickinson; and his fine full-length portrait of Elizabeth Farren, countess of Derby, has been ranked among the best productions of Bartolozzi. One C. Knight exhibited four miniatures at the Royal Academy between 1793 and 1816. Knight resided in 1781 in Berwick Street, Soho, in 1792 in Brompton, and later in Hammersmith, where he was still living in 1826, when he published, although aged 83, a portrait of the Rev. Thomas Stephen Attwood, minister of Hammersmith. He probably died soon after this. In 1803 Knight was one of the original governors of the abortive Society of Engravers. His daughter Martha also practised as an engraver.
[Dodd's manuscript History of English Engravers (Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 33402); Redgrave's Dict. of Artists, p. 253; Leblanc's Manuel de l'Amateur d'Estampes; Tuer's Bartolozzi and his Works.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Knapton, Philip

​KNAPTON, PHILIP (1788–1833), musical composer, born at York in 1788, received his musical education mainly at Cambridge, at the hands of Dr. Hague. Returning to York, he followed music as a profession, and lived in that city until his death, on 20 June 1833. He was one of the assistant-conductors at the York festivals of 1823, 1825, and 1828. He composed several overtures, pianoforte concertos, and other orchestral works, and arranged a number of fantasias on well-known airs for pianoforte and pianoforte and harp. His pianoforte arrangement of Lady Nairne's song ‘Caller Herrin',’ and his music for the song ‘There be none of Beauty's Daughters,’ enjoyed considerable popularity.
[Grove's Dict. of Music, ii. 65; Brit. Mus. Cat. of Music.]
R. F. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Palmer, Elwin Mitford

​PALMER, Sir ELWIN MITFORD (1852–1906), finance officer in India and Egypt, born in London on 3 March 1852, was second son of Edward Palmer by his wife Caroline, daughter of Colonel Gunthorpe. Educated at Lancing College, he entered the financial department of the government of India in 1870, and being attached to the comptroller-general's office on 10 Nov. 1871, became assistant comptroller-general. Leaving India, Palmer on ​16 Aug. 1885 succeeded Sir Gerald Fitzgerald as director-general of accounts in Egypt where he had already served from 31 December 1878 to 30 April 1879. To Fitzgerald and Palmer 'Egypt owes a system of accounts which can bear comparison with those of any other country in Europe' (Milner, p. 253). He was created C.M.G. in 1888. Next year he succeeded Sir Edgar Vincent as financial adviser to the Khedive, and 'ably and prudently continued his predecessor's policy with 'brilliant results' (ibid. p. 251). He was largely instrumental in the conversion of the privileged, Daira, and Domains loans, and had much to do with the contract for the construction of the Assouan reservoir (Colvin, pp. 285-6). In 1898 the National Bank of Egypt was created by khedivial decree, and Palmer resigned his appointment as financial adviser in order to become its first governor at Cairo. In the same year he became chairman of the Cairo committee of the Daira Sanieh Company, which had taken over from the government the Daira or private estates of Ismail Pasha. In 1902 he was made president of the Agricultural Bank of Egypt, which was an offshoot of the National Bank. Palmer was a shrewd, hard-working man, with long financial training and great knowledge of accounts; he was a specialist rather than a man of general administrative capacity, and his particular faculties were brought into play in developing industrial and commercial enterprises at the time when Egypt began to reap the benefit of administrative reform and engineering works. He was made K.C.M.G. in 1892, K.C.B. in 1897, and held the grand cordons of the orders of Osmanie and Medjidie. He died at Cairo on 28 January 1906. In 1881 he married Mary Augusta Lynch, daughter of Major Herbert M. Clogstoun, V.C, and left one son and two daughters.
[The Times, 29 Jan. 1906; England in Egypt by Alfred (Viscount) Milner, 3rd edit. 1893; Sir Auckland Colvin, The Making of Modern Egypt, 1906; the Earl of Cromer, Modern Egypt, 1908.]
C. P. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Parish, William Douglas

​PARISH, WILLIAM DOUGLAS (1833–1904), writer on dialect, was fifth son of Sir Woodbine Parish [q. v.] by his first wife Amelia Jane, daughter of Leonard Becher Morse. Of his seven brothers and five sisters, the eldest, Major-General Henry Woodbine Parish, C.B. (1821-1890), served with distinction in South Africa under Sir Harry Smith, and later in Abyssinia; the second, John Edward (1822-1894), became an admiral, and the third, Francis (1824–1906), was some time consul at Buenos Ayres, and later consul-general and state commissioner at Havana. His half-sister, Blanche Marion Parish, married in 1871 Sir Ughtred James Kay-Shuttleworth, first Baron Shuttleworth.
Born at 5 Gloucester Place, Portman Square, St. Marylebone, on 16 Dec. 1833, Parish was at Charterhouse School from 1848 to 1853. He matriculated at Trinity College, Oxford, in the latter year, graduating B.C.L. in 1858. Next year he was ordained to the curacy of Firle in Sussex, becoming vicar in 1863 of the adjoining parishes of Selmeston and Alciston. That benefice he held until his death. He endeared himself not only to his parishioners but also to gypsies and vagrants. From 1877 to 1900 he was chancellor of Chichester Cathedral. Parish died unmarried in Selmeston vicarage on 23 Sept. 1904, and was buried in Selmeston churchyard. There are a window and two brasses to his memory in the church.
Parish's principal work, 'A Dictionary of the Sussex Dialect and Collection of Provincialisms in use in the County of Sussex' (Lewes, 1875, 2 editions), is more than a contribution to etymology: it is the classic example of what a country parson with antiquarian tastes, a sense of humour, and a sympathetic affection for his peasant neighbours, can do to record for posterity not only the dialect but the domestic habits of the people of his time and place.
Parish's other publications were:
* 'The Telegraphist's Easy Guide,' 1874, an explanation of the Morse system written primarily for the boys of his parish, to whom he taught signalling as a pastime.
* 'School Attendance secured without Compulsion,' 1875 (5 editions), a pamphlet describing his successful system of giving back to parents their children's school payments as a reward for good attendances.
* 'Domesday Book in Relation to the County of Sussex,' 1886 fol., for the Sussex Archaeological Society, on the council of which he served for many years.
* 'A Dictionary of the Kentish Dialect' (with the Rev. W. F. Shaw), 1887, on the lines of the Sussex book, but lacking evidence of intimate acquaintance with the Kentish people. Parish also edited a useful alphabetical 'List of Carthusians [Charterhouse schoolboys], 1800-79' (Lewes, 1879).
[A Life of Sir Woodbine Parish, 1910, pp. 419-425; The Times, 26 and 28 Sept. 1904; East Sussex News, 30 Sept. 1904; works mentioned; private information.]
P. L.
Note: the initials P. L.. are ambiguous. They refer to one of:
* Author:Perceval Lucas in DNB Second Supplement
* Author:Percy Lubbock in DNB Third Supplement
    Editor: Please replace template with {{DNB PL Lucas}} or {{DNB PL Lubbock}}
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Parr, Louisa

​PARR, Mrs. LOUISA (d. 1903), novelist, born in London, was the only child of Matthew Taylor, R.N. Her early years were spent at Plymouth. In 1868 she published in 'Good Words,' under the pseudonym of 'Mrs. Olinthus Lobb,' a short story entitled 'How it all happened.' It attracted attention, and appeared in a French version as a feuilleton in the 'Journal des Débats,' the editor apologising for departing from his rule of never printing translations. At the request of the Queen of Württemberg it was translated into German, and it was issued in America in pamphlet form. The next year Miss Taylor married George Parr, a doctor living in Kensington and a collector of early editions of works on London. He predeceased her.
In 1871 Mrs. Parr published 'Dorothy Fox,' a novel of Quaker life, which was so much appreciated in America that a publisher there paid Mrs. Parr 300l. for the advance sheets of her next novel. Nothing of importance followed until 1880, when her best novel, 'Adam and Eve,' was published. It is an interesting story, told with artistic restraint, of Cornish smuggling life founded on incidents related in Jonathan Couch's 'History of Polperro' (1871). Six novels followed, none coming near to 'Adam and Eve' in merit, the last, 'Can This be Love?' appearing in 1893. The life of Miss Mulock (Mrs. Craik) in 'Women Novelists of Queen Victoria's Reign' (1897) is from her pen. She also contributed short stories to magazines. A sense of humour and a pleasing style are the main characteristics of her work. She was always at her best in dealing with the sea.
Mrs. Parr died on 2 Nov. 1903 at 18 Upper Phillimore Place, Kensington, London.
[Who's Who, 1902; Men and Women of the Time, 1899; Athenæum, 14 Nov. 1903; Helen C. Black, Pen, Pencil, Baton and Mask, 1896; The Times, 7 Nov. 1903 (a mere reference).]
E. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Pakenham, Francis John

​PAKENHAM, Sir FRANCIS JOHN (1832–1905), diplomatist, born on 29 Feb. 1832 in London, was seventh son of Thomas Pakenham, second earl of Longford, by his wife Emma Charlotte, daughter of William Lygon, first Earl Beauchamp. After private education he matriculated from Christ Church, Oxford, on 17 Oct. 1849. On leaving the university he was appointed attaché at Lisbon in 1852, and was promoted paid attaché at Mexico two years later. He was transferred in 1858 to Copenhagen, and in 1863 to Vienna. In June 1864 he was promoted to be secretary of legation at Buenos Ayres. During April, May, and June of the following year he was employed on special service in Paraguay on board of H.M.S. Dotterel, which had been sent up the River Plate and its tributaries for the protection of British subjects during the war between Paraguay, the Argentine Republic, and Brazil. He acquitted himself of this duty to the entire satisfaction of his superiors. In August of that year he was transferred to Rio de Janeiro, but remained in charge of the legation at Buenos Ayres till December 1865. In December 1866 he was employed on special service at Rio Grande do Sul in connection with an attempt which had been made on the life of the British consul, Mr. (afterwards Sir) R. de Courcy Perry from motives of personal revenge. He was transferred to Stockholm in March 1868, and later in the same year to Brussels, thence to Washington in 1870, and to Copenhagen in 1874. In March 1878 he was promoted to be minister resident and consul-general at Santiago, where he remained till 1885, serving in 1883 as British commissioner for claims arising out of the war between Chile and Bolivia and Peru. In February 1885 he was appointed British envoy at Buenos Ayres, with the additional office of minister plenipotentiary to Paraguay. In February 1896 he was transferred to Stockholm, where he remained till his retirement from the service in 1902. He was made K.C.M.G. in 1898.
While travelling for reasons of health he died at Alameda in California on 26 Jan. 1905. He married on 29 July 1879 Caroline Matilda, seventh daughter of the Hon. Henry Ward, rector of Killinchy, co. Down; she survived him, without issue. A portrait painted in 1900 by Count George de Rosen, member of the Royal Swedish Academy, is at Bernhurst House, Hurst Green, Sussex, the residence of his widow, which Pakenham inherited in 1858 by the will of Comte Pierre Coquet de Tresseilles.
Sir Francis was distinguished rather for the British qualities of phlegmatic calmness and sturdy good sense than for those which are generally attributed to the Irish race. His good nature and hospitality made him very popular with the British communities at the various posts in which he served, and he was successful in maintaining excellent personal relations with the governments to which he was accredited, even when, as in his South American posts, the questions to be discussed were of a nature to occasion some heat.
[The Times, 27 Jan. 1905; Foreign Office List, 1906, p. 300.]
S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Saddler, John

​SADDLER, JOHN (1813–1892), line engraver, was born on 14 Aug. 1813. He was a pupil of George Cooke (1781–1834) [q. v.], the engraver of Turner's ‘Picturesque Views on the Southern Coast of England,’ and it is related that on one occasion he was sent to Turner with the trial proof of a plate of which he had himself engraved a considerable portion. Scanning the plate with his eagle eye, Turner asked ‘Who did this plate, my boy?’ ‘Mr. Cooke, sir,’ answered Saddler, to which Turner replied, ‘Go and tell your master he is bringing you on very nicely, especially in lying.’ Later on he engraved the vessels in the plate of Turner's ‘Fighting Téméraire,’ the sky of which was the joint production of R. Dickens and J. T. Willmore, A.R.A., and he used to say that Turner took a keener interest in the engraving of this than of any others of his works. He assisted Thomas Landseer in several of his engravings from the works of Sir Edwin Landseer, especially ‘The Twins,’ ‘The Children of the Mist,’ ‘Marmozettes,’ and ‘Braemar,’ and also in the plate of the ‘Horse Fair,’ after Rosa Bonheur. Among works executed entirely by him are ‘The Lady of the Woods,’ after John MacWhirter, R.A.; ‘The Christening Party,’ after A. Bellows, engraved for the ‘Art Journal’ of 1872; ‘Shrimpers’ and ‘Shrimping,’ after H. W. Mesdag, and many book illustrations after Millais, Poynter, Tenniel, Gustave Doré, and others. He also engraved plates of ‘Christ Church, Hampshire,’ after J. Nash, and ‘Durham Cathedral,’ after H. Dawson, for the ‘Stationers' Almanack,’ and some other views and portraits, and at the time of his death was engaged on the portrait of John Walter, from the picture begun by Frank Holl, R.A., and finished by Hubert Herkomer, R.A. He exhibited a few works at the Society of British Artists, and others at the Royal Academy between 1862 and 1883.
Saddler was for many years the treasurer of the Artists' Amicable Fund, and was thus brought into contact with most of the artists of his time, and many and racy were the anecdotes of them which he was wont to tell. In 1882 he left London, and went to reside at Wokingham in Berkshire, where on 29 March 1892 he committed suicide by hanging himself during an attack of temporary insanity.
R. E. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Sadington, Robert de

​SADINGTON, Sir ROBERT de (fl. 1340), chancellor, was no doubt a native of Sadington in Leicestershire, and perhaps a son of John de Sadington, a valet of Isabella, wife of Edward II, and custos of the hundred of Gertre [Gartree] in that county (Abbrev. Rot. Orig. i. 243). He may be the Robert de Sadington who was named by Joan de Multon to seek and receive her dower in chancery in January 1317 (Cal. Close Rolls, Edw. II, ii. 451). He appears as an advocate in the year-books from 1329 to 1336. In 1329 he was on a commission to sell the corn from certain manors then in the king's hands. On 18 Feb. 1331 he was on a commission of oyer and terminer to inquire into the oppressions of the ministers of the late king in Rutland and Northamptonshire (Cal. Pat. Rolls, Edw. III, ii. 134). In the following years he frequently appears on similar commissions. On 12 Feb. 1332 he was placed on the commission of peace for Leicestershire and Rutland, and on 25 June 1332 was a commissioner for the assessment of the tallage in the counties of Leicester, Warwick, and Worcester (ib. ii. 287, 312). Previously to 8 Aug. 1334 he was justice in eyre of the forest of Pickering and of the forests in Lancashire (ib. iii. 1, 4, 172, 261). On 31 Dec. 1334 he was appointed on an inquiry into the waterways between Peterborough and Spalding and Lynn, and, on 10 July 1335, on an inquiry into the collection of taxes of Northamptonshire, Warwickshire, and Rutland (ib. iii. 70, 202). During 1336 he was a justice of gaol delivery at Lancaster and Warwick (ib. iii. 300, 324). On 20 March 1334 he was appointed chief baron of the exchequer (ib. iii. 400), and appears to have been the first chief baron who was summoned to parliament by that title. On 25 July 1339 he was acting as lieutenant for the treasurer, William de Zouche, and from 2 May to 21 June 1340 was himself treasurer, but retained his office as chief baron. On 29 Sept. 1343 he was appointed chancellor, being the third layman to hold this position during the reign. He resigned the great seal on 26 Oct. 1345. The reason for his resignation is not given, but the fact that he was reappointed chief baron on 8 Dec. 1345 seems to preclude the suggestion of Lord Campbell, that it was due to inefficiency. He had been a trier of petitions for England in the parliaments of 1341 and 1343, and was a trier of petitions from the clergy in 1347 (Rolls of Parliament, ii. 126, 135, 164). In 1346 Sadington was one of the guardians of ​the principality of Wales, duchy of Cornwall, and earldom of Chester during the minority of the prince. In 1347 he presided over the commission appointed to try the earls of Fife and Menteith, who had been taken prisoners in the battle of Neville's Cross. Sadington perhaps died in the spring of 1350, for his successor as chief baron was appointed on 7 April of that year. He married Joyce, sister and heiress of Richard de Mortival, bishop of Salisbury. Isabel, his daughter and sole heir, married Sir Ralph Hastings.
C. L. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Sadleir, Franc

​SADLEIR, FRANC (1774–1851), provost of Trinity College, Dublin, youngest son of Thomas Sadleir, barrister, by his first wife, Rebecca, eldest daughter of William Woodward of Clough Prior, co. Tipperary, was born in 1774. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, where he became a scholar in 1794, and a fellow in 1805. He graduated B.A. 1795, M.A. 1805, B.D. and D.D. 1813. In 1816, 1817, and 1823 he was Donnellan lecturer at his college; from 1824 to 1836 Erasmus Smith professor of mathematics, and from 1833 to 1838 regius professor of Greek.
In politics he was a whig, and his advocacy of catholic emancipation was earnest and unceasing. In conjunction with the Duke of Leinster, the archbishop of Dublin, and others, he was one of the first commissioners for administering the funds for the education of the poor in Ireland, 1831.
In 1833 he was appointed, with the primate, the lord chancellor, and other dignitaries, a commissioner to alter and amend the laws relating to the temporalities of the church of Ireland, but resigned the trust in 1837. On 22 Dec. of that year, during the viceroyalty of the Marquis of Normanby, he was made provost of Trinity College, a post which he held for fourteen years. On more than one occasion he is said to have declined a bishopric. He upheld the principle of the Queen's colleges in Ireland. He died at Castle Knock Glebe, co. Dublin, on 14 Dec. 1851, and was buried in the vaults of Trinity College on 18 Dec. He married Letitia, daughter of Joseph Grave of Ballycommon, King's County, by whom he left five children. There is a portrait of F. Sadleir in the provost's house, Trinity College.
Sadleir published ‘Sermons and Lectures preached in the Chapel of Trinity College, Dublin,’ 1821–4, 3 vols.; and ‘National Schools for Ireland defended in a Letter to Dr. Thorpe,’ 1835.
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Sadler, John (d.1595?)

​SADLER, JOHN (d. 1595?), translator, is said by Wood, without authority, to have been ‘educated for a time in Oxon, in grammar and logic’ (Athenæ Oxon. ed. Bliss, i. 406). In reality he studied at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1534–5, and commenced M.A. in 1540 (Cooper, Athenæ Cantabr. ii. 203). He was appointed one of the original fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge, by the charter of foundation in 1546. On 11 June 1568 he was instituted to the rectory of Sudborough, Northamptonshire. In October 1571 he was residing at Oundle, and was in receipt of a liberal annuity from Francis Russell, second earl of Bedford, which he had enjoyed for many years previously. He died about 1595.
He is author of ‘The Foure bookes of Flavius Vegetius Renatus, briefelye contayninge a plaine forme, and perfect knowledge of Martiall policye, feates of Chivalrie, and whatsoever pertayneth to warre. Translated out of lattine into Englishe,’ London, 1572, 4to, dedicated to Francis, earl of Bedford, K.G. The translation was undertaken at the request of Sir Edmund Brudenell, knt. It has commendatory lines by Christopher Carlisle, Thomas Drant, William Jacobs, William Charke, William Bulleyne, and John Higgins, all Cambridge men.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Sadler, Michael Ferrebee

​SADLER, MICHAEL FERREBEE (1819–1895), theologian, eldest son of Michael Thomas Sadler [q. v.], was born at Leeds in 1819. Educated at Sherborne school, he entered St. John's College, Cambridge, after a short interval of business life. He was elected Tyrwhitt's Hebrew scholar in 1846, and graduated B.A. 1847. He was vicar of Bridgwater from 1857 to 1864 (during which time he was appointed to the prebend of Combe, 13th in Wells Cathedral), and of St. Paul's, Bedford, from 1864 to 1869; he was rector of Honiton from 1869 till his death. In 1869 he received an offer of the bishopric of Montreal, carrying with it the dignity of metropolitan of Canada, but refused it on medical advice. He was a voluminous writer on theological subjects, and a strong high churchman. His works, which had a large circulation, did much to popularise the tractarian doctrines. The chief of them were:
* ‘The Sacrament of Responsibility,’ 1851, published in the height of the Gorham controversy.
* ‘The Second Adam and the New Birth,’ 1857.
* ‘Church Doctrine, Bible Truth,’ 1862.
* ‘The Church Teacher's Manual.’
* ‘The Communicant's Manual.’
* ‘A Commentary on the New Testament.’ He died at Honiton on 15 Aug. 1895.
He married, in 1855, Maria, daughter of John Tidd Pratt [q. v.], formerly registrar of friendly societies in England.
[Obituary notices in the Guardian, by Canon Temple and Rev. H. H. Jebb; Church Times; Churchwoman (27 Sept.); Liverpool Post, and Western Mercury; Notes and Queries, 8th ser. xii. 223.]
M. E. S.