OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Goldsborough, Richard

Richard Goldsbrough in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
​GOLDSBOROUGH, RICHARD (1821–1886), colonial wool trader, was born at Shipley, near Bradford, Yorkshire, in 1821. He was apprenticed as a boy to a Bradford woolstapling firm, and at twenty-one years of age started as a merchant in a small way in the same town, purchasing the clips of graziers in the neighbourhood, and sorting the wool for the manufacturers. He became interested in Australia, from its capacity of producing wool, and at length determined to emigrate. He first went to Adelaide, and finally settled in Melbourne in 1847. In 1848 he commenced business in a small weather-board building. He succeeded rapidly, and ultimately erected the large stores by the Market Square in Melbourne. While building his operations were much disturbed by the excitement which followed the gold discoveries. In 1853 he went into partnership with Edward Row and George Kirk, and the new firm transacted a large and lucrative business in buying and selling stations and stock, as well as immensely expanding Goldsborough's wool operations. From 1857, however, he concentrated all his energies upon wool. In 1862 he erected buildings at the corner of Bourke and William Streets, Melbourne, having a floor space of over five acres. Under the joint management of Goldsborough and Hugh Parker, his brother-in-law, the business continued to develope rapidly, and in 1881 the house was amalgamated with the Australian Agency and Banking Corporation, when the consolidated concern became a limited liability company, with Goldsborough as chairman of directors. The company began with a capital of three millions, and prospered exceedingly. The Sydney business of Goldsborough & Co. became scarcely less extensive than that of the Melbourne house.
Goldsborough found the entire wool export of Melbourne in 1848 some thirty thousand bales, and in the last twelve months of his life his own firm sold more than twice that amount in Melbourne alone. His company had also worked up a great connection in the grain trade, and carried on immense operations in skins, hides, tallow, and other station produce. Their periodical property sales became an important Australasian feature.
Goldsborough always refused to have any hand in political matters, but subscribed liberally to institutions and charities. It was said that he would have been as little likely to make a bad bargain as attempt a platform speech; but he was held in high esteem throughout the colonies as well as in Yorkshire, which he several times revisited. He was a great encourager of horse-racing in Australia. He died in Melbourne on 8 April 1886.
J. B-y.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Goldsmith, Francis

​GOLDSMITH, FRANCIS (1613–1655), translator of Grotius, son and heir of Francis Goldsmith of St. Giles's-in-the-Fields, Middlesex, and grandson of Sir Francis Goldsmith of Crayford, Kent, was born on 25 March 1613, and entered the Merchant Taylors' school in September 1627, during the mastership of Dr. Nicholas Gray. He became a gentleman-commoner of Pembroke College, Oxford, in 1629, but migrated to St. John's College, where he took his degree. On leaving Oxford he entered at Gray's Inn and studied law for some years, but finally retreated to his estate at Ashton in Northamptonshire. He married Mary, the daughter of Richard Scott of Little Lees, Essex, and by her had two sons and one daughter, Catherine. He died on 29 Aug. 1655, and is buried with his wife and daughter in Ashton Church. G. Baker (Hist. of Northamptonshire, ii. 127) gives the inscriptions on their graves. Goldsmith occupied his leisure by translating portions of the works of Hugo Grotius. In 1647 there appeared in London ‘Hugonis Grotii Baptizatorum Puerorum Institutio, Alternis Interrogationibus et Responsionibus,’ with a Greek translation by Christopher Wase of King's College, Cambridge, and an English translation by Goldsmith. The book, which was to be used at Eton, has a Latin dedication by Nicholas Gray to John Hales, and an epistle in English, also by Gray, ‘to his loving and beloved scholars,’ Goldsmith and Wase. The fourth edition in 1655 contained portraits of Grotius and Goldsmith. There were editions in 1662 and 1668. In 1652 Goldsmith published ‘Hugo Grotius his Sophompaneas, or Joseph. A Tragedy, with Annotations. By Francis Goldsmith, Esq.,’ 8vo, n. d. At the end of the tragedy, which takes up forty-two pages, come more than fifty pages of annotations, ‘gleaned out of the rich crops of Grotius and Vossius themselves,’ added ‘for the satisfaction of the Printer … to increase the bulk.’ The notes close with a translation of the poem, ‘Somnium Dramaticum Synesii Junioris, Cognomento Chirosophi.’ Then follows a new title, ‘Hugo Grotius, his Consolatory Oration to his Father. Translated out of the Latine Verse and Prose. With Epitaphs, &c. By F. G.’ The epitaphs indicate that the author lost two sons. An elaborate description of the whole volume, with a specimen of the verse of the translation, is given in Corser's ‘Collectanea Anglo-Poetica,’ vii. 17.
[Besides the authorities cited see C. J. Robinson's Register of Merchant Taylors' School, i. 122; Hasted's Kent, i. 208 (where the date of birth is given as 1612); Wood's Athenæ Oxon. ed. Bliss, iii. 400, 505.]
R. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Goldsmith, Hugh Colvill

​GOLDSMITH, HUGH COLVILL (1789–1841), lieutenant in the navy, son of Henry, son of the eldest brother of Oliver Goldsmith the author [q. v.] A brother, Charles Goldsmith, was a commander in the navy (1795–1854). Hugh was born at St. Andrews, New Brunswick, on 2 April 1789, and having served his time as a midshipman in the navy was promoted to the rank of lieutenant on 27 Jan. 1809. After the peace he seems to ​have been employed chiefly in the preventive service, and in 1824 commanded the Nimble revenue cutter on the coast of Cornwall. On 8 April, landing near the headland called Trereen Castle in search of some smuggled goods, he went up to look at the Logan Rock, a rocking stone which weighs about eighty tons; and being told that ‘it was not in the power of man to remove it,’ he took it into his head to try. Accordingly, when his boat had finished dragging for the suspected goods, he called his men up and tried to move the stone with three handspikes. These were of no avail; they were therefore laid aside, and the nine men, taking hold of the rock by the edge, without great difficulty set it in a rocking motion, which became so great that to try to stop it seemed dangerous, lest it should fall back on the men. So it presently rocked itself off its pivot, falling away about thirty-nine inches, and lying inclined on the adjacent rocks. According to Goldsmith's positive statement, in a letter to his mother written a few days afterwards (Household Words, 1852, vi. 234), he had no intention or thought of doing mischief. He did not know of the value placed on the rock by the neighbourhood, and was thunderstruck when he found the uproar that his deed occasioned. As soon, however, as he realised the way in which his exploit was regarded, he determined to do what he could to replace the stone. The admiralty lent him tackles, sheers, capstans, and men. The work began on 29 Oct., and on Tuesday, 2 Nov., the stone was again in its place, rocking as before, though whether better or worse is disputed. Lithographed views of the process of replacing the stone were published at Penzance in 1824. Many common statements about the matter are authoritatively denied. Goldsmith was never promoted, and as lieutenant commanding the Megæra died at sea off St. Thomas in the West Indies on 8 Oct. 1841.
J. K. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Goldsborough, John

​GOLDSBOROUGH, Sir JOHN (d. 1693), sea-captain in the East India Company's service, was probably a native of Suffolk, in which county he possessed an estate. He was in command of the Antelope when that ship was taken by a Dutch fleet, between Masulipatam and Madras, on 22 Aug. 1673. His account of the engagement is in the Bodleian Library (Pepys Papers, vol. xvi. f. 386). He commanded the ship Falcon in 1673–4, and in 1676–7, 1683, and 1686 the Bengal Merchant. After the death of Sir John Child on 4 Feb. 1689–90, no officer of the company succeeded to his position of supreme control; but after prolonged dissensions at Fort St. George between the governor, Elihu Yale, and his ​council, the court re-established this control, which they gave to Goldsborough on 2 Oct. 1691. In his first commission, dated 10 Feb. 1691–2, he is named their ‘supervisor-commissary-general and chief governor,’ and a year later their ‘captain-general and commander-in-chief.’ Just before the date of his first commission he was knighted, 8 Feb. 1691–2. He sailed in March, and arrived at Fort St. George on 23 Nov. 1692, where he investigated the quarrel between the late governor, Elihu Yale, and his council. In June he went to Fort St. David, and after some stay there returned by land to Madras on 11 July 1693. On the 29th he embarked for the Bay of Bengal, leaving his wife at the fort. He reached Chatánatí (now Calcutta) on 12 Aug., and reported very unfavourably of the late agent in Bengal, Job Charnock [q. v.], and the company's servants. On his recommendation Francis Ellis, who had succeeded Charnock as agent, was afterwards remanded to Fort St. George, and Charles (later Sir Charles) Eyre or Eyres appointed to the post. While staying at Chatánatí Goldsborough was struck down by fever and died ‘within some few days after’ 28 Nov. 1693. Before leaving London he made a will, dated 7 March 1691, wherein he described himself as ‘of Bethnall Green, in the county of Middlesex, knight, being bound on a voyage to the East India beyond the seas in the shipp Berkly Castle’ (registered in P. C. C. 12, Bond). Not long after his death his widow Mary married Roger Braddyll, the troublesome member of Governor Pitt's council at Fort St. George. She died in India some time previously to 4 Nov. 1702, on which day her husband administered to her estate at London (Administration Act Book, P. C. C., 1702, f. 211 b). Goldsborough's papers give the impression that he was an honest, sensible man.
G. G.
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Eusebius (96), presbyter, confessor at Rome

Eusebius (96), Aug. 14, presbyter, confessor at Rome a.d. 358, and by some styled martyr. &gt;From the earliest times his fame has been everywhere celebrated. A church dedicated to him is mentioned in the first council held at Rome under pope Symmachus, a.d. 498 (Mansi, viii. 236, 237). It was rebuilt by pope Zacharias, c. 742 (Anastas. Lib. Pontif. art. "Zacharias," No. 216). The facts of his history are very obscure. His Acts (Baluz. Miscell. t. ii. p. 141) relate that upon the recall of pope Liberius by Constantius, Eusebius preached against them both as Arians; and since the orthodox party, who now supported Felix, were excluded from all the churches, he continued to hold divine service in his own house. For this he was brought before Constantius and Liberius, when he boldly reproved the pope for falling away from Catholic truth. Constantius thereupon consigned him to a dungeon four feet wide, where he continued to languish for seven months and then died. He was buried by his friends and co-presbyters Orosius and Gregory, in the cemetery of Callistus, with the simple inscription "Eusebio Homini Dei." Constantius arrested Gregory for this, and consigned him to the same dungeon, where he also died, and was in turn buried by Orosius, by whom the Acts of Eusebius profess to have been written. The Bollandist and Tillemont point out grave historical difficulties in this narration, especially that Constantius, Liberius, and Eusebius never could have been in the city together. The whole matter is a source of trouble to Roman Catholic writers, because the saintly character of St. Eusebius, guaranteed by the Roman martyrology as revised by pope Gregory XIII., seems necessarily to involve the condemnation of Liberius. The Bollandists at great length vindicate the catholicity of Felix II., and are equally zealous champions of St. Eusebius. Tillemont and Hefele (Hist. of Councils, ii. § 81, "Pope Liberius and the Third Sirmian Formula") are equally decided opponents of Felix.
[G.T.S.]
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Eustochium, 3rd daughter of Paula

Eustochium, 3rd daughter of PAULA, the friend of Jerome, from whose writings all that is known of her is gathered. Born probably c. 370, she had shared from her earliest days the ascetic views of her mother, and was confirmed in them by frequenting the house of Marcella (Hieron. i. 952, ed. Vallarsi). Her uncle Hymettius, with his wife Praetextata (see Thierry's St. Jérôme, i. 161), endeavoured to wean her from these by inviting her to their house, changing her attire, and placing her among the mirrors and the flattery of a patrician reception-room (Hieron. i. 394, 683); but she resisted their seductions and took the vow of perpetual virginity, being the first Roman lady of noble birth to do so (i. 394). Jerome addressed to her his celebrated treatise de Virginitate Servandâ (i. 88), in which vivid pictures of Roman society enforce the superior sanctity of the state of virginity. This treatise excited great animosity against Jerome, and was one cause of his leaving Rome and returning to Palestine. Paula and Eustochium resolving to go there also, embarked in 385 at Portus. At Bethlehem they built and managed the hospice and convent, and from her mother's death in 404 Eustochium was its head till her own death in 418, two years before that of Jerome. Many passages in Jerome's writings give a picture of her character and manner of life. Small in stature (i. 290), she had great courage and decision of character (i. 394), and followed the ascetic teaching of Jerome and her mother with unwavering confidence and enthusiasm (i. 402, 403). She spoke Greek and Latin with equal facility, and learnt Hebrew to sing the Psalms in the original (i. 720). Jerome praises her skill in the training of virgins, whom she led in all acts of devotion (i. 290) and to whom she set an example by undertaking all menial offices (i. 403). She was eager to increase her knowledge of the Scriptures, and to her importunity Jerome ascribes the writing of many of his commentaries, which were dedicated to her and her mother, and afterwards to her and her niece the younger Paula, who, with the younger Melania, was her coadjutor in her convent work and her study of Scripture. She is reckoned a saint in the Roman church, her festival being Sept. 28.
[W.H.F.]
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Eustochius (6), patriarch of Jerusalem

Eustochius (6), patriarch of Jerusalem, in succession to Peter, and, according to Papebroch, from a.d. 544 to 556. On the death of Peter, Eustochius, oeconomus of the church of Alexandria but residing at Constantinople, was favoured by the emperor Justinian in preference to Macarius, an Origenist, who had been first elected. At the synod of Constantinople, 553 Eustochius was represented by three legates, Stephanus bp. of Raphia, Georgius bp. of Tiberias, Damasus bp. of Sozusa or Sozytana (Mansi, ix. 173 c.); and when the acts m condemnation of Origenism were sent by the emperor to Jerusalem, all the bishops of Palestine except Alexander of Abila confirmed them. But in the monasteries of that province, and especially in that named the New Laura, the partisans of the proscribed opinions grew daily more powerful, notwithstanding the resolute efforts of the patriarch against them. In 555, after eight months of persistent admonition, Eustochius went in person, with the dux Anastasius, to the New Laura, and forcibly expelled the whole body, replacing them by 60 monks from the principal laura and 60 from other orthodox monasteries of the desert, under the prior Joannes. Origenism was thus rooted out of Palestine. According to Victor Tununensis, Eustochius was removed from the patriarchate, and Macarius restored. Cyrillus Scythopol. in Coteler. Monum. Eccles. Graec. iii. 373; Evagr. H. E. iv. 37, 38; Victor Tunun. in Patr. Lat. lxviii. 962 A; Theoph. Chronog. A.M. 6060; Papebroch, Patriarch. Hierosol. in Boll. Acta SS. Intro. to vol. iii. of May, p. xxvii.; Le Quien, Or. Chr. iii. 210. Pagi (ann. 561 iii.) discusses the chronology. See also Clinton, F. R. 537, 557.
[C.H.]
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Eusebius (99), presbyter of Cremona

Eusebius (99), of Cremona, presbyter, a friend of St. Jerome, through whose writings he is known. He was with Jerome at Bethlehem in 393, and became the unconscious means of extending into Italy the strife concerning Origenism which had begun at Jerusalem. Epiphanius had written to John, bp. of Jerusalem, in vindication of his conduct on his recent visit to Palestine, a.d. 394. Eusebius, not knowing Greek, begged Jerome to translate it. This Jerome did in a cursory manner (ad Pammachium, Ep. 57, § 2, ed. Vall.), and the document was stolen from the cell of Eusebius by one whom Jerome believed to be in the service of Rufinus (cont. Ruf. iii. 4). Rufinus apparently sent the translated letter to Rome, accusing Jerome of having falsified the original. Eusebius remained at Bethlehem till Easter, 398, when he was obliged to return hastily to Italy.
On arriving in Rome, he became an agent of Jerome's party in the Origenistic controversy.
He lived at first on good terms with Rufinus, who, however, afterwards accused him of having come to Rome "to bark against him." Rufinus was then engaged in translating the περί ἀρχῶν of Origen for the use of his friends, leaving out some of the most objectionable passages. Eusebius sent a copy of this to Bethlehem, where Jerome denounced it as a mistranslation. Rufinus replied that Eusebius had obtained an imperfect copy, either by bribing the copyist or by other wrong means, and had also tampered with the MS. St. Jerome, however, vehemently defends his friend from these accusations (cont. Ruf. iii. 5). Pope Anastasius being entirely ignorant of Origen and his teaching, Eusebius, together with Marcella and Pammachius, brought before him certain passages from Origen's writings (Anastasius ad Simplicianum in Jerome, Ep. 95, ed. Vall.), which so moved him that he at once condemned Origen and all his works. Eusebius being about to return to Cremona in 400, the pope charged him in the letter just quoted to Simplicianus, bp. of Milan, and he there set forth the same passages of Origen which he had laid before the pope. He was confronted, however, by Rufinus, who declared these passages to be false; and Eusebius continued his journey without having induced Simplicianus to condemn Origen. After this we hear nothing of Eusebius for some 20 years. He appears to have remained in Italy supporting Jerome's interests and corresponding with him. At the extreme end of Jerome's life we still find Eusebius writing to him and sending him books relating to the Pelagian heresy (ad Alyp. et Aug. Ep. 143), and receiving from Jerome the last of his Commentaries, that on Jeremiah (Prol. to Comm. on Jer. in vol. iv. 833).
[W.H.F.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hansard, Luke

​HANSARD, LUKE (1752–1828), printer, was born in the parish of St. Mary, Norwich, 5 July 1752. His father, Thomas Hansard (1727-1769),was a manufacturer in that city. Young Hansard was educated at Boston grammar school, Lincolnshire, and was apprenticed to Stephen White, printer, Cockey Lane, Norwich. He entered as compositor the printing office of John Hughs (1703-1771), Great Turnstile, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, printer to the House of Commons, and became acting manager and partner in 1774. Hughs did most of the printing for the Dodsleys, and Dr. Johnson was always glad that Hansard should attend to his requirements. Among the important publications with which Hansard was connected may be mentioned Orme's 'History of India,' Burke's 'Essay on the Sublime and Beautiful' and 'Essay on the French Revolution,' and Harris's 'Hermes.' He printed the 'Journals of the House of Commons' from 1774 to his death in 1828. Porson praised him as the most accurate of Greek printers. In 1800 he succeeded as the sole proprietor of the business. He subsequently took his sons into partnership, trading as Luke Hansard & Sons. The increasing parliamentary work and great accumulation of stock demanding more accommodation, they erected a new building in Parker Street, Drury Lane.
Among the technical improvements introduced by Hansard was one connected with printing in red and black from the same forme (T. C. Hansard, Typographia, 1825, p. 603). he was a man of unusual industry, and highly esteemed by the parliamentary officials. A portrait of him by S. Lane was exhibited at the South Kensington Museum in 1867. It was engraved by F. C. Lewis and prefixed to the 'Biographical Memoir,' London, 1829, 4to. He died 29 Oct. 1828 in his 77th year, and was buried in the parish church of St. Giles-in-the-Fields. He left three sons, Thomas Curson [q. v.], James, and Luke Graves (1777-1851), and two daughters. His widow died 18 May 1834. The two younger sons succeeded the father as printers to the House of Commons, and were succeeded by their respective sons. In 1837 the firm were the defendants in the famous action Stockdale v. Hansard, in which they were charged with libel for printing, by order of the House of Commons, a report of the inspectors of prisons [see Stockdale, John Joseph]. After 1847 Henry, son of Luke Graves Hansard, continued the business.
[Memoir by John Rickman, a chief clerk of the House of Commons, appeared in Gent. Mag. December 1828, pp. 559-66, reprinted for private circulation (with a portrait and some family letters), 1829, 4to; T. C. Hansard's Typographia, 1825, pp. 329-30; Nichols's Illustr. viii. 462, 502; Timperley's Encyclopædia, p. 905; Bigmore and Wyman's Bibliography of Printing, 1880, i. 299-301.]
H. R. T.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hanney, Thomas

Thomas Hanneya in the ODNB.
​HANNEY or DE HANNEYA, THOMAS (fl. 1313), is the author of a treatise, 'De quatuor partibus Grammaticæ,' known as the 'Memoriale Iuniorum,' which is extant in two manuscripts in the Bodleian Library (Cod. Bodl. 643, ff. 127-255, and Auct. F. 3. 9, pp. 181-340). A note at the end of the table of contents, which has been variously amplified and elaborated by Bale (Scriptt. Brit. Cat. xiii. 90, pt. ii. p. 156), Pits (De Anglia Scriptoribus, p. 482), and Tanner (Bibl. Brit. p. 376), states that Thomas de Hanneya compiled the treatise, and continues thus: 'Inchoavit [autem] apud Tolosam istum, xii. kalendas Maii anno gratie 1313, et consummavit eundem apud Lewes ad instanciam magistri Iohannis de Chertesia rectoris scolarum loci illius, iv. kalendas Decembris eodem anno' (Bodl. 643, f. 134 b, col. 1, Auct. F. 3. 9, p. 189, col. 3). There appears to be no evidence that the writer was an Englishman, but if he was he may be assumed to have taken his name from Hanney in Berkshire, not far from Wantage, which place is spelled Hanneye in a roll of 8 Edward II (Calend. Inquis. post Mortem, i. 268, col. 1). The date, which in both the Bodleian manuscripts is 1313, is given by Bale (manuscript note-book, Cod. Seld. supra 64 f. 181 b), apparently from another copy, as 1363, whence the round number 1360 has percolated into the dictionaries. The scribe of Bodl. 643 has signed his name John Esteby, who has accordingly been described in the Cat. Libr. MSS. Angl. 1697, No. 2256, as the author of the treatise.
[The manuscripts noticed above.]
R. L. P.