OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# American Medical Biographies/Green, Thomas Fitzgerald

​Green, Thomas Fitzgerald (1804–1879)
Thomas F. Green, pioneer alienist of the South, was born in Beaufort, South Carolina, December 25, 1804; he died in Midway, Georgia, February 13, 1879, of apoplexy, while superintendent of the Georgia Lunatic Asylum. His parents were of the best class of Irish people. His father, a warm-hearted, highly-educated, enthusiastic young Irish patriot, joining in the ill-fated rebellion of 1798, was forced to flee the country; his wife, who was a Fitzgerald of noble blood, came with him to America. He had no fortune save his talents; no friends save those whom he won by his virtues.
He came to Beaufort, South Carolina, as a teacher. Here his eldest son, Thomas Fitzgerald, was born. He removed to Savannah, Georgia, later, where he taught in a high school, and then to Athens, where he was elected a professor in Georgia University. He finally removed to Milledgeville, then the capital of Georgia, and here Thomas F. Green was educated. The latter was past his majority when he studied medicine and began to practise in Milledgeville, and was prospering as a physician when the current of his life was changed.
A northern philanthropist interested in the welfare of the insane visited Milledgeville to suggest and advocate the establishment of an asylum for them. He called a meeting of a few gentlemen of broad views and generous hearts, and laid his plans before them. Green became much interested in the project and gave it hearty support. He was connected with the successful effort to secure an appropriation from the Legislature for its establishment.
In 1846 he succeeded Dr. Cooper as superintendent of the asylum and continued in office for 33 years. The hospital was small when he assumed charge of it, but it grew to be one of the largest in the Southern States before his death. In person he was short, stout, of broad and humane countenance; in his youth, handsome; and in his old age, venerable. He was full of life, cheerful, merry, courteous, considerate. He was a sincere Christian, in his home life, a model; one of the most benevolent and unselfish of men. He was devoted to the institution, and his success in the management of it was great. He was a delightful companion, a true and sympathizing friend, a man to be loved and honored.
# American Medical Biographies/Green, Jacob

​Green, Jacob (1790–1841)
Jacob Green, physician and scientist, was born in Philadelphia, July 26, 1790, son of Ashbel Green, D. D., LL. D., president of the College of New Jersey (Princeton College), and later a trustee of Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia.
From boyhood he was interested in science, his first work being in botany. He made a large collection of plants, and when twenty-four years of age published "An Address on the Botany of the United States . . . to which is added a Catalogue of Plants Indigenous to the State of New York." Later he extended his studies to mineralogy, conchology, chemistry, electricity and galvanism, and zoology in general.
In 1807 he graduated A. B. from the University of Pennsylvania and soon after, in connection with a friend, wrote a "Treatise on Electricity" which gave him a reputation, although yet a boy. In 1812 he graduated from Rutgers College; Rutgers and Princeton gave him an A. M. in 1815 and Jefferson an M. D. and LL. D. in 1835. He studied law and practised in Philadelphia, but in 1818 he accepted a professorship in chemistry, experimental philosophy and natural history in Princeton. Four years later he resigned, moved to Philadelphia and was given the chair of chemistry when the Jefferson Medical College was established, holding this position until his death.
He wrote a "Text-book of Chemical Philosophy on the Basis of Dr. Turner's Elements of Chemistry," 616 pp., Philadelphia, 1829. He was a frequent contributor to Silliman's Journal. Yale University gave Dr. Green an honorary A. M. in 1827.
Green died on February 1, 1841.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hecht

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Hecht. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hecht, masculine, ‘pike,’ from the equivalent Middle High German hęchet, hęcht, Old High German hęhhit, hahhit, masculine; compare Old Saxon hacud, Anglo-Saxon hacod, hœced, masculine, ‘pike’; a West Teutonic word connected with Old High German and Middle High German hęcken, ‘to pierce,’ mentioned under Hechel. On account of its pointed teeth the pike is called the ‘piercer.’ Compare English pike, French brochet, ‘pike,’ from broche, ‘spit,’ Scandinavian gedda, ‘pike,’ allied to gaddr, ‘prickle.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Haupt

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Haupt. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Haupt, neuter, ‘head, chief, leader,’ from Middle High German houbet, houpt (also höubet), neuter, Old High German houbit, neuter; the Old Teutonic word for ‘head,’ supplanted in the 16th century by Kopf in all the German dialects (Kohl-, Krauthaupt, almost the only existing forms, are dialectal), while English and Scandinavian have retained the earlier form — Anglo-Saxon heáfod, English head (for *heafd), neuter, Old Icelandic haufuþ, later hǫfuþ, neuter, Swedish hufvud, Danish hoved, ‘head,’ Gothic haubiþ, neuter. Since all the Teutonic dialects point to an old diphthong au in the stem, of which û in Old High German hûba, ‘hood,’ is the graded form (compare Haube), the Aryan base must be koupot, and Latin căput, for which *cauput might have been expected, was probably transformed by the influence of a word corresponding to Anglo-Saxon hafola, ‘head,’ Sanscrit kapâla, ‘skull,’ an assumption also supported by Latin capillus, ‘hair (of the head).’ The Middle High German höubet (Luther Heupt), formed by mutation from Old High German houbit, is still preserved in zu Häupten, in which primitive phrase the plural curiously represents the singular.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hauste

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Hauste. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hauste, masculine, from the equivalent Middle High German hûste, masculine, ‘shock of corn, haycock,’ cannot be traced farther back; evidently for hûfste, akin to hûfe, ‘heap.’ Compare Lithuanian kùpstas, ‘tump.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hechse

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Hechse. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hechse, Hächse, feminine, from the equivalent Middle High German hęhse, Old High German hahsa, feminine, ‘hock' (especially of horses); the presumable form in Gothic is *hahsi (genitive *hahsjôs), feminine. Corresponding in sound to Old Indian kakšýâ, feminine, ‘girth (of a saddle),’ a derivative of kákša-s, masculine, ‘passage for the girths, armpit'; Latin coxa, ‘hip,’ whence the adverb coxim, ‘squatting,’ from which a meaning similar to that of the High German word may be deduced. The signification of the primitively Aryan word fluctuated between ‘armpit, hip, and hock.’ In the Teutonic group the following are also allied to Gothic *hahsi, feminine — Old High German hahsinôn, Middle High German hęhsenen, ‘subnervare, to hamstring,’ Anglo-Saxon hôxene, Middle English houghsene, Frisian hôxene, ‘hock.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Haus

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Haus. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Haus, neuter, ‘house, household,’ from Middle High German and Old High German hûs, neuter, which has the same sound in all Old Teutonic dialects; Modern Dutch huis, English house (to which husband, hussy, and hustings, are allied). Gothic *hus is found only once in gudhûs, ‘temple,’ literally ‘God's house' (for which Gothic razn is used; compare Rast), but may be also inferred from the borrowed term, Old Slovenian chyzŭ, ‘house.’ In the other Teutonic dialects it is the prevalent term, corresponding to German Haus. Probably cognate with Hütte, and like this term allied to a Teutonic root hū̆d, ‘to hide’ (Anglo-Saxon hŷdan, English to hide); hûsa- for hûssa-, hûþta-, literally ‘that which hides’?. See further under Hütte. Others connect Gothic hûs with Gothic huz-ds, ‘refuge,’ and Latin custos. In this case too the primary sense assigned would hold good.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hebel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Hebel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hebel, masculine, ‘lever, yeast,’ first occurs in early Modern High German in the sense of ‘lever’; compare Middle High German hębel, hęvel, Old High German hęvilo, masculine, ‘yeast’ (as a means of causing a thing to rise); v, f, as the older form, was supplanted by connecting the word with heben.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hechel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Hechel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hechel, feminine, ‘flax-comb,’ from Middle High German hęchel, also hachel, feminine: compare Dutch hekel; Middle English hechele, English hatchel and hackle; wanting in Old Icelandic; Swedish häckla, Danish hegle (Gothic *hakila, *hakula, is assumed). Probably allied to Old High German and Middle High German hęcchen, hecken (hakjan), ‘to pierce’ (especially of snakes), and further to the cognates of Hafen (English hook). Gothic hakuls, ‘cloak,’ Old High German hahhul, Middle High German hachel, masculine, Old Icelandic hǫkull, masculine, Anglo-Saxon ​hacele, ‘cloak,’ are not allied; they belong rather to a conjectural Gothic *hôka, feminine, ‘goat’ (Anglo-Saxon hêcen, ‘kid,’ from Gothic *hôkein, neuter; see under Geiß), and hence probably mean ‘hairy garment.’ See also Hecht.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Haut

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Haut. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Haut, feminine, ‘hide, skin, cuticle,’ from Middle High German, and Old High German hût, feminine, ‘hide’; Modern Dutch huid, Anglo-Saxon hŷd, feminine, English hide, Scandinavian hûð, feminine; the Old Teutonic word for ‘hide’ (Gothic *hûþs, genitive, *hûdais, is by chance not recorded), from pre-Teutonic kûtí-s, feminine; it is Latin cŭtis (for the gradation of û to ŭ, see laut and Sohn); compare Greek κύτος, neuter, ‘skin, covering’; the root has a prefix s in Greek σκῦτος, neuter, ‘skin, leather,’ Latin scû-tum, ‘shield,’ σκῦ-λον, ‘skin, arms stripped of a slain enemy.’ Hence the dental in Old High German hût, Latin cutis, would be a suffix merely; for s-ku as a root meaning ‘to cover, hide,’ see under Scheune, Scheuer. The English verb to hide, from Anglo-Saxon hŷdan, may belong to the same root with an abstract dental suffix *hûdi-, ‘covering,’ hûdjan, ‘to envelop.’ Yet traces exist, as may be seen under Hütte, of a root hud from kudh, ‘to veil,’ in the non-Teutonic languages.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Haß

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Haß. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Haß, masculine, from the equivalent Middle High German and Old High German haȥ, (genitive haȥȥes), masculine, ‘hatred’; in Old High German the older neuter gender occurs once (compare Gothic hatis, neuter, Scandinavian hatr, neuter); Anglo-Saxon hęte (English hate) and Old Saxon hęti are also masculine; the common Teutonic term for ‘hate,’ pointing to pre-Teutonic kodos, kodesos (Latin *codus, *coderis), neuter Modern High German Hader, and Greek κότος, may also be allied, since an Aryan root kō̆t, kō̆d, is possible. The original sense of Haß is indicated by Haß and heßen, as well as the weak verb hassen, from Middle High German haȥȥen, Old High German haȥȥęn, haȥȥôn, which in Old High German also means ‘to pursue’ (Old Saxon hatôn, ‘to waylay’). Haft too seems allied; hence the primary meaning of Haß is probably ‘hostile, hasty pursuit.’ —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hebamme

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Hebamme. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hebamme, feminine, ‘midwife,’ from Middle High German hębamme; the latter form, from hęve-amme, has been modified in sense by connection with heben, its last component representing an earlier anne equivalent in meaning, Old High German usually hevi-anna, feminine; anna, feminine, ‘woman’ is cognate with Latin ănus, ‘old woman’ (see Ahn), and hence probably stands for anua, anva (compare Mann, Kinn). Yet Old High German hęvianna may be really nothing more than the present participle of heben, primary form hafjan(d)jô, ‘she who lifts,’ of which the later forms are modifications. In Middle English midwîf, English midwife, Modern Dutch vroedvrouw, from vroed, ‘wise, prudent’ (compare Spanish comadre, French sage-femme); no word common to Teutonic can be found. There were probably no regular midwives in the Teutonic period.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Thornley, John

From volume 4 of the work.
​Thornley, John, s. Edmund, of Prestbury, Cheshire, pleb. Magdalen Hall, matric. 10 Dec., 1726, aged 29.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Thornton, Bonnell

From volume 4 of the work.
​Thornton, Bonnell, s. John, of Chandos Street, Westminster, gent. Christ Church, matric. 1 June, 1743, aged 17; B.A. 1747, M.A. 1750, B.Med. 1754, humourist and poet, died 9 May, 1768. See Alumni West., 327.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Thornton, Edward

From volume 4 of the work.
​Thornton, Edward, 4s. Thomas Reeve, of Brockhall, Northants, arm. Christ Church, matric. 7 July, 1830, aged 17; student 1832-47, B.A. 1834, M.A. 1837, of Brockhall Hall, bar.-at-law, Lincoln's Inn, 1840. See Foster's Men at the Bar.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Thornton, John

From volume 4 of the work.
​Thornton, John, s. James, of Horsham, Sussex, gent. Wadham Coll., matric. 6 Dec., 1804, aged 16; B.A. 1808, scholar 1812-3, M.A. 1813, fellow 1813-20, B. & D.D. 1824.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Thornton, Charles Stuart

From volume 4 of the work.
​Thornton, Charles Stuart, 1s. Harry, of Mayfair, London, arm. Christ Church, matric. 27 May, 1863, aged 19; S.C.L. & B.A. 1870. See Foster's Yorkshire Collection.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Thornton, Francis Vansittart

From volume 4 of the work.
​Thornton, Francis Vansittart, scholar Trinity Coll., Cambridge, 1837 (21 class in classics 1838, B.A. 1838, M.A. 1841); adm. 'ad eundem' 3 Feb., 1842, vicar of Bisham, Berks, 1840-8, rector of Brown Candover, Hants, 1848-64, and of South-Hill with Callington, Cornwall, 1864
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Thornton, Arthur Stephen

From volume 4 of the work.
​Thornton, Arthur Stephen, 3s. Harry, of Turvey, Beds, arm. Christ Church, matric. 16 Oct., 1868, aged 18; B.A. 1872, of Kempston Grange, Beds, bar.-at-law, Lincoln's Inn, 1877. See Foster's Yorkshire Collection & Eton School Lists.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Thornton, Albert James

From volume 4 of the work.
​Thornton, Albert James, 2s. Richard, of Folkestone, Kent, arm. St. John's Coll., matric, 16 Jan., 1875, aged 18.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Thornton, Butler Edmond

From volume 4 of the work.
​Thornton, Butler Edmond, s. Edmond, of Whittington, Lancashire, arm. Brasenose Coll., matric. 19 Jan., 1816, aged 18; of Skerton and Whittington, died in 1848.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Thornton, George Marmaduke

From volume 4 of the work.
​Thornton, George Marmaduke, 1s. John Lean Thomson, of London, arm. Exeter Coll., matric. 16 Oct., 1868, aged 19; B.A, 1874, M.A. 1876.
# American Syndicalism

* related portals: Industrial Workers of the World, Economic history and conditions, Socialism, Anarchism.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
AMERICAN·SYNDICALISM
·The·I·W·W·
JOHN·GRAHAM·BROOKS
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
NEW YORK · BOSTON · CHICAGO
DALLAS · SAN FRANCISCO
MACMILLAN & CO., Limited
LONDON · BOMBAY · CALCUTTA
MELBOURNE
THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, Ltd.
TORONTO
AMERICAN SYNDICALISM
THE I. W. W.
BY
JOHN GRAHAM BROOKS
AUTHOR OF "AS OTHERS SEE US," "THE SOCIAL UNREST," ETC.
New York
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
1913
All rights reserved
Copyright, 1913,
By THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
Set up and electrotyped. Published March, 1913.
PREFATORY NOTE
A considerable part of this volume was given as lectures at the University of California in 1911. For present purposes, the material has been recast and wholly rewritten.
The space given to the more general socialist movement and to the European origins of Syndicalism is justified on the ground that our tantalizing I. W. W. are not otherwise to be understood. Beyond Socialism, these represent the most revolutionary phases of social and economic revolt.
This combative, frontier character of the movement is so reflected in its literature and among its followers, that almost any statement one may make about syndicalist principles will meet direct denial. Between the higher and more theoretic syndicalists and the practical fighting members in the field of agitation, the differences in the interpretation of principles are radical to the point of confusion. This could not be otherwise in convulsive mass-action like that which characterizes syndicalist strategy.
CONTENTS
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1938, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 85 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# American Surety Company v. Baldwin Baldwin

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
287 U.S. 156
American Surety Company v. Baldwin Baldwin
Argued: Oct. 13, 14, 1932. --- Decided: Nov 14, 1932
Messrs. Wm. Marshall Bullitt, of Louisville, Ky., Allan C. Rowe, of New York City, and Oliver O. Haga and Frank Martin, both of Boise, Idaho, for American Surety Co.
[Argument of Counsel from page 157 intentionally omitted]
Mr. James F. Ailshie, Jr., of Boise, Idaho, for Baldwin and others.
Mr. Justice BRANDEIS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Gestirn

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gestirn | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gestirn, see Stern. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Gestrüpp

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gestrüpp | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gestrüpp, see struppig. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Gestüppe

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gestüppe | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gestüppe, see Staub. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Gewalt

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gewalt | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gewalt, f., ‘power, authority, force,’ from the equiv. MidHG. gewalt, m., f., OHG. giwalt, m., f.; allied to walten.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Gevatter

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gevatter | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gevatter, m.. ‘godfather, sponsor, gossip,’ from MidHG. gevatere, OHG. gifataro, ‘spiritual co-father, godfather’; an imitation of eccles. Lat. compater. From this was also formed OHG. gifatara, MidHG. gevatere, f., ‘godmother.’ Comp. also Vetter and Pate.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Gestüt

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gestüt | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gestüt, see Stute.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Getreide

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Getreide | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Getreide, n., ‘grain, corn,’ from MidHG. getręgede, n., ‘everything that is carried, clothing, luggage; what the soil bears (flowers, grass), corn,’ even in late OHG. (11th cent.), gitręgidi, n., ‘revenue, possesion.’ The ModHG. sense is first found in 14th cent.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Gewand

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gewand | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gewand, n., ‘garment, dress, garb,’ from MidHG. gewant(d), n., ‘clothing, armour, dress stuff, material’ (with the last meaning ModHG. Gewandhaus is connected); OHG. only in the late recorded compound, badagiwant(t), ‘vestis mutatoria.’ The older word for ‘Gewand’ was MidHG. gewœte, OHG. giwâti, also OHG. and MidHG. wât. OHG. giwant, appears as ‘turning, winding,’ and upon this sense (‘enveloping’) the meaning ‘clothing’ is based; comp. Lat. toga, from tegere, ‘to cover.’ See winden. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Gesträuch

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gesträuch | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gesträuch, see Strauch. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Gestöber

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gestöber | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gestöber, see stöbern. —
# Amharic Basic Course/Volume 2/Foreward

FOREIGN SERVICE INSTITUTE BASIC COURSE SERIES
LLOYD B. SWIFT Acting Editor
FOREWARD
The Tape Recordings to accompany this and the previous volume (Units 1-50) were recorded in the Language Laboratory of the Foreign Service Institute under the direction of Gabriel Cordova.
Grateful acknowledgement is made to James Bostain, of the FSI staff, who assisted with the checking of the English portions of the entire text.
* Serge Obolensky