# China: Its History, Arts, and Literature/Volume 1/Index

Index
INDEX
Apple green monochromatic ware, 320; modern imitations, 381.
Azure blue monochromatic porcelain, 312.
Bamboo as an emblem of longevity, 165.
Banko-yaki of Japan and Yi-hsing-yao, 364.
Black Hawthorn ware, 218; criterion, 219; imitations, 219, 220, 381.
Black monochromatic wares, Ting, 24, 29, 323; Chien, 58, 323; not made during Ming dynasty, 323; metalic, 323, 325; mirror, 323—325; modern, 328; method, 401.
Blanc de Chine ware. See Ivory white.
Blanc-de-lune monochromatic ware, 313.
Blue monochromatic wares, clair-de-lune, 51, 312; imitation of glass, 310; soufflé, 311; azure, 312; lilac, 313; lapis, 314; Mazarin, 314; watered, 315; "of the sky after rain," 315; turquoise, 316—318. See also Colours, Polychromatic wares.
Blue-and-white ware, beginnings, 97—101; use of Mohammedan blue, 101, 110; criteria, 104; of Hung-wu era, 104; of Yung-lo era, 105; preparation and character of soft-paste or Kai-pien, 106-109; of Hsuan-tê era, 109; hard-paste, of Hsuan-tê era, 111; decorative subjects and skill, 111—113, 155-167; specimens of Hsuan-tê era, 113; soft-paste, of Chêng-hwa era, 116; primacy of soft-paste, 117, 122; identification of early, 117, 119; hard-paste, of Chêng-hwa era, 118; specimen court orders, 122—125, 129—133; temporary decline of manufacture of soft-paste, 126; hard-paste, of Lung-ching and Wan-li eras, 126, 133; colour character of, of later Ming dynasty, 127, 135; of early Tsing dynasty, 136; Hawthorn pattern, 137—145; Kai-pien, of Kang-hsi era, 145; hard-paste egg-shell, of Kang-hsi era, 147; Occidental estimation, 148; other hard-paste, of Kang-hsi era, 149, 153; quality of the painting, 150; soufflé, 151—153; artistic value, 155; in combination with red under the glaze, 170; of Yung-ching era, 170—172; deteriorated colour in Chien-lung era, 173; stippled, 174; decadence, 174; Nankin ware, 176—178; Famille Chrysanthémo-Paonéenne, 205—210; modern, 378—380.
Boccaro ware, character, 353; specimen tea-pots, 353, 354; esteem, 354; origin and manufacture, 355—357; potters, 357—362; fashion in tea-pots, 362; technique, 363; caligraphy, on, 363; varieties, 364; European copies, 363; Japanese copies, 364; as a work of art, 365.
Borneo, old trade with China, 68; prized specimens of old Chinese ware, 69—71.
​Bronze, keramic decorations copied from ancient, 17, 36, 39, 61; porcelain reproduction of surface, 226, 308; as models for ware, 251.
Brown monochromatic ware, 326—328.
Bushell, S. W., on Mohammedan blue, 102.
Cambron ware, porcelain so-called, 373; character, 374.
Canton, Franks's error on its keramic products, 235, 236.
Céladons, early, 13—15, 17—22; Chai, 18; Ju, 33—36; usually stone-ware, 34; early Kuan, 38, 39; Jung, 41; Lung-chuan and Ko, 42—46, 76; period of choice, 49; spotted, 50; U-ni, 60; early primacy, 61, 78; derivation of the word, 62; exportation throughout the East, 62—69; Siamese, 64; specimens in Japan, 73—76; imitations, 76, 77, 83; lost art, 77, 79; esteem, 79; Kuan, of the Ming dynasty, 80; porcelain, of the Tsing dynasty, 81; enamelled, 225.
Chai-yao, 18.
Chan Chiun-shang, potter, 361.
Chan Chiun-yung, potter, 360.
Chan Chung, potter, 360.
Chan Kwang-fu, potter, 360.
Chan Hö-chi, potter, 361.
Ch'an Ming-yuen, potter, 361.
Chan Sin-hiang, potter, 360.
Chan Tiang-shang, potter, 361.
Chan Tsün-hiang, potter, 361.
Ch'an Tsz-ch'o, potter, 361.
Chan Yun-hiang, potter, 359.
Chan-chen, caligraphist, 361.
Chang, two brothers, potters, 42.
Chang Yun-tsung, potter, 361.
Chang-nan-chin. See Ching-tê-chên.
Chang-yao. See Lung-chuan-yao.
Chao, potter, 357.
Chao Jukua, work on Chinese foreign trade, 68.
Characteristics. See Identification.
Checkered glaze, 340.
Chekiang province, ware of the Tsin dynasty, 13; of the Tang dynasty, 15; Lung-chuan ware, 41.
Chen Heu-chi, potter, 361.
Chen Li-shan, potter, 361.
Chêng-hwa era, soft-paste blue-and-white ware, 116—118; hard-paste blue-and-white ware, 118; imitations, 119; identification of hard-paste blue-and-white ware, 119; development of enamelled porcelain, 186—191; enamels on coloured ground, 191; coarser varieties, 192.
Chêng-tê era, blue-and-white ware, 121; enamelled porcelain, 192.
Chi-hung monochromatic porcelain, Hsuan-tê era, 280; question of process, 281—283; inferior substitute of Chia-ching era, 284; later production, 285; scarcity, 286; so-called, of Tsing dynasty, 292-294.
Chia Hüen, potter, 362.
Chia-ching era, court orders of blue-and-white ware, 122—125; enamelled porcelain, 192.
Chia-tsing era, blue-and-white ware, 174.
Chia yü-ki, 14.
Chiang-tou-hung monochromatic porcelain, 294.
Chiao-ching monochromatic porcelain, 315.
Chiao-lü monochromatic ware, 322.
Chien-lung era, Tang's superintendence of Ching-tê-chên factories, 172; blue-and-white ware, 173, 174; enamelled porcelain, 214.
Chien-yao of Sung dynasty, pupose of origin, 57; character, 58, 323; Japanese esteem, 58; not imitated, 59; varieties, 59; Ivory-white ware called, 272.
Chin-siu-hwa ware, 339.
​Ching Ning-heu, potter, 362.
Ching-tê-chên official potteries, early keramic importance, 14, 89; Kuan céladon of Ming dynasty, 80; imitations of old céladons, 83; situation, 86; in 1625, 86—88; marks, 89, 93; under the Yuan dynasty, 92; Shu-fu or later Ting ware, 93, 251, 262—264; special Court factory, 103, 122; specimen Court orders for blue-and-white ware in Ming dynasty, 123—125, 129—133; manufacture of large pieces, 134; Nien's superintendence, 171; Tang's superintendence, 172; destroyed, 175; present condition, 175; Nankin ware of private factories, 177.
Chiun-tien, variety of flambé ware, 333.
Chou dynasty, later Chai ware, 18.
Chu-hwa-ki, 269.
Chui-ching-yao, preparation and styles, 151—153.
Chün-yao, esteem, 50; character, 51; glazes, 51—53; marks, 53, 57; errors respecting, 53—57; imitations, 83; red, 279; purple, 309; clair-de-lune, 312.
Clair-de-lune glaze, 51, 91, 312, 313, 352.
Cobalt, Mohammedan blue, 101, 110, 121, 122, 128, 140; composition of native, 103; use and quality of native, 139—141, 400. See also Colours.
Cochin China, ware so-called, 29.
Colours, quality of early blue, 99, 101; importation and use of Mohammedan blue, 101, 110, 121, 122, 128, 140; character of blue of later Ming dynasty, 127, 135; red under the glaze, 127, 169; native blue, 138—140; in monochromes, 154; enamels of the Chêng-hwa era, 189, 1913; enamels of the Kang-hsi era, 203, 210, 211, 233, 301; iridescent enamels, 216; yellow of Ming and Tsing dynasties, 224; wide range, 335; materials and methods for glaze or couleurs de grand feu, 393, 394, 399—401; materials and methods for decorative, or couleurs de demi-grand feu, 393 401—410. See also Polychromatic ware, Enameled ware (coloured ground), and for monochromes see the colours by name.
Composition, of Chinese cobalt, 103; of Chinese and Sèvres porcelain, 384; of European colours for decorative purposes, 402; of Chinese enamels, 405.
Coral red monochromatic porcelain, 301.
Crab's claw markings, 35.
Crab-shell green monochromatic ware, 322.
Crackle, Ju céladon, 34; Kuan céladon, 38; Ko ware, 42, 343; soft-paste blue-and-white porcelain, 107, 109; later Ting ware, 263; Tsui-se or Turquoise ware, 317; origin, 343; method for large, 343; esteem, 344; Chinese skill in manipulating, 344; fine, 346; fish-roe, 346; difference between ancient and modern, 346.
Crane as an emblem of longevity, 165.
Cucumber-rind green monochromatic ware, 321.
Decoration, incised and relief, on white monochromes, 16, 25, 255, 263, 267—270, 272; incised and relief, on coloured monochromes, 36, 43, 47, 58, 82, 281, 296, 306, 314, 317, 322, 349; copies from ancient bronzes, 36, 39, 61; early subordination to glaze, 96; subjects and character of, for blue-and-white ware, 111—113, 123—125, 129—133, 149, 155—167; forerunner ​of the Hawthorn pattern, 118; subjects for red under the glaze, 128, 170; Hawthorn pattern, 137, 141; soufflé, 151—153; medallion style, 152, 204, 213; Occidental influence, 177, 232; subjects for enamelled, 189, 195—197, 200, 204, 206, 209, 211, 246; reserved style, 193, 223; figure subjects, 202; intimate relation of Chinese and Japanese motives, 206; incised and relief, added to enamelled, 229; "grains-of-rice" 229; white slip, 230; character, 398, 404.
Deer as an emblem of longevity, 164.
Dragon as a decorative subject, 155, 197.
East India Company imports porcelain, 373.
Eel-yellow monochromatic ware, 307.
Eggshell porcelain, blue-and-white, 109, 112; enamelled, 204; monochromatic hard-paste, 253—257; process, 395.
Eight Immortals as decorative subjects, 161.
Enamelled ware, white ground: Occidental influence and reputation, 179, 231—236; origin, 180—182, 185; in early Ming eras, 182; development in Hsuan-tê era, 183—185; early subordination of enamels to general design, 185, 186; development in Chêng-hwa era, 186—192; first use of independent designs, 189; Occidental misconception of Ming dynasty ware, 190, 199; temporary arrest in development, 192; reserved style of decoration, 193, 223; elaboration in Lung-ching and Wan-li eras, 194—197, 199; immense production for the Court, 197; non-productiveness of early Tsing eras, 201; development of pâte and decorative subjects in Kang-hsi era, 201—205; enamels of Kang-hsi era, 203; Famille Verte, 204, 2143 character of decoration in Kang-hsi era, 204; Famille Chrysanthémo-Pæonéenne, 205—210; origin of Famille Rose, 210; its character and special varieties, 211—215, 302; of Ching-lung era, 214; lamp-shades, 215; iridescence, 216; imitation of Sèvres, 216; with decoration in green only, 228; decorated and imitated in Europe, 237—243; decadence in nineteenth century, 243—245; "jewelled," 245; Three-coloured ware, 245, 247.
Coloured ground: yellow on blue ground, 193, 223, 225; development in Chêng-hwa era, 191; Black Hawthorn, 218—220; other wares with black ground, 218, 221, 222; on red, 221; on dark green, 222; on yellow, 223; rose on blue, 225; on green, 225; rose on chocolate, 226; gold on bronze, 226; on mottled, 227.
Enamels, European and Chinese, 408. See also Colours and Enamelled ware.
Entrecolles, F.X.d', on Ching-tê-chên, 86—88; on materials for porcelain, 282, 284; on mirror-black ware, 324; on brown glaze, 326; on transmutation ware, 330; on preparation of glaze, 385—387; on stoving porcelain, 396.
Faience, character of, prior to Sung dynasty, 19—22; preference over porcelain, 26, 61; usual pâté for céladons, 34.3; so-called Yuan porcelain, 91; early blue-and-white, 98; gradations into porcelain, 99, 348; Three-coloured enamelled, 246—249, 349; Kwang, 313; not largely manufactured, ​349; usual glazes, 349. See also Céladons, Keramics, Porcelain, Pottery.
Famille Chrysanthémo-Pæonéenne porcelains, character, 205; usually Japanese, 206, 208; decoration, 206; distinguishing features of Chinese and Japanese, 206—208; origin of decoration, 209.
Famille Rose porcelains, origin in Kang-hsi era, 210; character, 211; criteria, 212; special varieties, 212—215.
Famille Verte porcelains, forerunner, 190; of Kang-hsi era, 204; cessation of production, 214; Three-coloured ware, 247.
Fan-hung monochromatic porcelain, of Chia-Ching era, 284; of Tsing dynasty, 297.
Fang-chün-yao, 338.
Fang-ko-yao, 344.
Fang-ting-yao, 25, 262. See also Ting-yao.
Figure subjects for decoration, 204.
Fish-roe crackle, 346.
Flambé ware. See Transmutation ware.
Fond laque monochromatic ware, 326—328.
Fox as an emblem of longevity, 164.
Franks, A. W., on Chinese céladons', 78; on Chinese symbols, 158; on English estimation of Chinese porcelain, 180; on foreign influences on Chinese keramics, 232.
Fungus as an emblem of longevity, 166.
Fuhkien province, Chien ware of Sung dynasty, 57; Ivory-white ware, 271.
Glass, as a precious stone in China, 8; use in over-the-glaze decoration, 245, 310.
Glaze, early varieties, 19, 23; Ting ware, 24, 27; Chün ware, 51—55; Chien ware, 58; early preference over decoration, 61, 96, 368; Yuan porcelain, 91; granulated, 114; application by insufflation, 151, 395; Yung-lo era egg-shell porcelain, 255; Ivory-white porcelain, 271; preparation, 385—387; care in manufacture, 387; probable reason for excellence, 388—393; method of developing coloured, 393, 394, 399—401. See also Crackle, Polychromatic ware, and for monochromes, see the colours by name.
Gold as a decoration, 151, 191, 221, 226.
Golden brown monochromatic ware, 326—328.
Gosu Aka-e, Japanese name for early Chinese ware decorated over the glaze, 181.
Gourd as an emblem of longevity, 166.
Grained glaze, 339.
"Grains-of-rice" decoration, 229.
Green monochromatic wares, deep, 319; apple, 320; peacock, 320; cucumber-rind, 321; snake-skin, 321; Chiao-lü, 322; crab-shell, 322. See also Colours, Polychromatic wares.
Gypsum, use for relief designs, 270.
Hang-chow, as a dêpot for foreign trade, 66.
Hao Shih-chiu, potter, his chromatic porcelains, 257.
Hao-fang, potter, 361.
Hare as an emblem of longevity, 164.
Hawthorn pattern ware, forerunner, 118; Occidental estimation, 137, 145; character, 137; not ranked high in China, 138; pigment, 138—140; its application, 141; criteria, 141; shapes, 142—144; condition of surviving specimens, 142; special designs, 144; marks, 144; period of production, 145; black, 218; modern imitations, 379.
Héi-ti-pai-hwa, 218.
​Hei-ti-wu-tsai, 218.
Heu-chi, potter, 357.
Hia-moh-yao, 136.
Hiai-chia-ts'ing monochromatic ware, 322.
Hiang Pu-sun, potter-poet, 361.
Hing-yao, 15.
Hirth, Friedrich, on Chinese keramics, 8, 11.
Ho Chou, potter, 13.
Ho Chung-chu, potter, 15.
Ho Kuei-lin, potter, 13.
Ho-yao, 15, 90.
Honan province, imperial ware, 37; Jung ware, 41; Chün ware, 51.
Hsiang Yuan-p'ien, work on keramics, 23.
Hsien-hung. See Chi-hung.
Hsin-Ting-yao, 27.
Hsuan-tê era, soft-paste blue-and-white porcelain, 106—109; quality of the blue used, 109; hard-paste blue-and-white porcelain, 111; specimens of blue-and-white ware, 113; use of red under the glaze, 127; development of enamelled decoration, 183—185; red monochromatic porcelain, 280—283.
Hu-kung, potter, imitations of Kuan and Ko wares, 77; enamelled ware, 200.
Hu-tien-yao, 91, 303.
Hü-yin, potter, 361.
Hung-chih era, blue-and-white ware, 120; enamelled porcelain, 192; yellow monochromes, 304.
Hung-mien monochromatic porcelain, 298.
Hung-wu era, blue-and-white ware, 104.
Hwang-tien-pan ware, 307.
Hwui Mang-ch'an, potter, 362.
Ibn Batuta on Chinese porcelain, 68, 367.
Identification, of Lung-Chuan ware, 43, 47—49; marks on Chün ware, 53, 57; of Sung, Ming, and Tsing céladons, 80—83; year-marks unreliable, 98; criteria for blue-and-white ware, 104; of early soft-paste blue-and-white ware, 117; of hard-paste Ming blue-and-white ware, 119, 126, 127, 135; of potters impossible, 136; temporary cessation of year-marks, 144; of Kang-hsi egg-shell blue-and-white ware, 147; of Chien-Lung era blue-and-white ware, 174; of Chinese and Japanese Famille Chrysanthémo-Pæonéenne porcelains, 206—208; of modern and European imitations, 238—243, 378—382.
Imperial ware. See Kuan-yao.
Indian ink decoration, 223.
Iridescence in enamels, 216.
"Iron base," characteristic of Sung dynasty céladons, 34, 37, 40, 41, 43, 44, 47, 49, 81.
Ivory-white porcelain, 271—273; modelled, 272, 274; modern, 273; esteem, 273—275.
Jacquemart, Albert, researches in Chinese keramics, 4; on origin of old céladons, 62; his "families" of enamelled ware, 190, 205, 210; on process in transmutation ware, 331.
Japan, keramic trade with China, 29, 73; appreciation of Chinese wares, 58; specimens of Chinese céladons preserved in, 73—76; Chinese keramic influence, 200; porcelains confused with Chinese, 373; as an imitator of old Chinese porcelain, 381.
Jewelled porcelain, 245.
Ju-yao, origin, character, 33—36, 40; metal rings, 36; mark, 37; imitations, 76, 83.
Jujube red, monochromatic porcelain, 299; use in combination, 299.
​Julien, Stanilas, researches in Chinese keramics, 3.
Jung-yao, 41.
Kai-pien-yao, character, 106—109; scarcity, 110; character of early decoration, 112; of Kang-hsi era, 145; small pieces, 146; Occidental reputation, 148; subjects for decoration, 167; modern imitations, 380.
Kang-hsi era, golden age of keramics, 137; Hawthorn pattern ware, 137—145; Kai-pien ware, 145; hard-paste blue-and-white ware, 147—153; enamelled ware, 201—214; Black Hawthorn ware, 219; enamels on red glaze, 221; revival of white monochromes, 266.
Kang-tsiao ts'ing monochromatic ware, 320.
Kaolin, functions in porcelain, 384, 385.
Keramics, Chinese, former Occidental attitude, 1; lost skill, 1; first Occidental researches, 3; beginnings, 5, 9; early preference for faience and monochromes, 26, 61; impossible to identify potters, 136; dependence on official patronage, 175, 410; gradations in the wares, 348; earliest specimens in Europe, 366—372; obscurity of processes, 383; genius, 397. See also, Faience, Porcelain, Pottery, and wares by name and style.
Ki-chou-yao, 28; and the origin of transmutation ware, 28.
Kiang-nan province, ware of the Tang dynasty, 15; soft-paste porcelains, 258—262; yellow monochromes, 303.
Kiang-si province, wares of the Sui dynasty, 14—15; Kichou ware, 28; Ting ware, 31; soft-paste porcelains, 260. See also Ching-tê-chên.
Kiang-su province, ware of the Tang dynasty, 16.
Kilns, stoving of porcelain, 396.
King-fisher glaze. See T'sui-se.
Ko Chu, Chêng-hwa era potter, 188.
Ko Tan-jin, Chêng-hwa era potter, 188.
Ko-yao, origin, 42; distinguished from Lung-chuan-yao, 42; character, 42, 44, 50; identification, 49; transmutation ware, 49; imitations, 77; crackle, 343. See also Lung-chuan-yao.
Koh Min-tsiang, potter, 351.
Koh Yuan-tsiang, potter, 351.
Kuan-yao of Sung dynasty, origin, 37; character, 37—413; factory transferred, 39; transmutation ware, 49; imitations, 76, 77; of the Ming dynasty, 80—103; distinguishing features, 81; of the Tsing dynasty, 82; various wares so-called, 221, 222, 225, 300, 303, 307, 317, 321.
Kung-chun, potter, 353, 357.
Kwa-pi-lü monochromatic ware, 320, 321.
Kwang-tung province, soft-paste porcelains, 260, 261; faience, 313, 350—353.
Kwang-yao, 313, 350—353.
Lacquered porcelain, 342.
Lamp-shades of enamelled egg-shell porcelain, 215, 229.
Lan-yao-pien, 332.
Lang family, potters, 287.
Lang-yao, origin, 286—288; varieties, 288—290; pâte, 290; auxiliary glazes, 290; no marks, 291; cessation of production, 391; modern imitations, 381.
Lapis blue monochromatic ware, 314.
Li Chun-fang, potter, 358.
Liang, potter, 357.
Lime, use in Chinese glaze, 386, 389, 409.
​Lion as a decorative subject, 158.
Liu-tsu, 13.
Lo, Hsuan-tê era potter, 115.
Longevity, decorative devices typifying, 162-166.
Lu-yao-pien, 333, 334.
Lung-ching era, blue-and-white ware, 126, 133-135; enamelled ware, 194-201.
Lung-chuan-yao, origin, 41; distinguished from Ko-yao, 42; character, 42-46, 50; identification, 43, 47-49; date of origin, 46; factories, 46, 48; period of manufacture, 76.
Majolica ware, reason for its fine glaze, 391.
Mandarin porcelains, 202.
Marks. See Identification.
Mazarin blue monochromatic porcelain, 314.
Medallion bowls, 213, 244.
Medallion style of decoration, 152, 204, 213, 221.
Mei-hwa-yao. See Hawthorn pattern.
Metalic black monochromatic ware, 323, 325.
Meyer, A. B., on céladon, 65.
Min Lu-shang, potter, 360.
Ming dynasty, golden period of keramics, 103; blue-and-white ware, 104-136; enamelled ware, 182—201; white monochromatic ware, 252-264; red monochromes, 280—286; yellow monochromes, 304; potters of boccaro ware, 357-361; ware not exported, 376.
Mirror black monochromatic ware, 323-325; modern imitations, 326.
Mo-Ting-yao, 323.
Mohammedan blue, importation and use, 101, 110, 221; exhaustion of supply, 122, 128, 140.
Monochromatic wares, potter's first aim, 96, 154; methods of developing the colours, 298, 393, 394; modern imitations, 380. See also Céladons and colours by name.
Mustard yellow monochromatic porcelain, 306; modern imitation, 381.
Nankin ware, 176-178.
Nanwhei province, Pong ware, 90.
Ngeu, potter, imitations of Ko and Kuan wares, 77.
Ngeu Ching-chun, potter, 359.
Nien Hsi-yao, superintendent of Ching-tê-chên factories, 81, 171.
Pa sien as decorative subjects, 161.
Pai-ting-yao, 25; See also Ting-yao.
Pao-shi-hung monochromatic porcelain, variety of Chi-hung of Hsuan-tê era, 281; of Kang hsi era, 297.
Peach as an emblem of longevity, 166.
Peach-bloom. See Pin-kwo-ts'ing.
Peacock green monochromatic ware, 320; polychromatic ware, 338.
Pechili province, ware of the Tang dynasty, 15; Ting ware of the Sung dynasty, 24, 29.
Pêng Chüan-pao, potter, imitates Ting ware, 27, 259.
Petuntse, functions in porcelain, 384, 385.
Phœnix as a decorative subject, 156.
Pi-seh-yao, secret-colour ware, 17.
Pin-kwo-ts'ing monochromatic porcelain, character, 294; varieties, 295, 320; scarcity and shapes, 296; decoration, 296; pâte, 296; mark, 297.
Pine as an emblem of longevity, 165.
Plum as an emblem of longevity, 165.
Polo, Marco, on Chinese porcelain, 367.
Polychromatic wares, transmutation or flambé, 28, 329-334, 342; possible varieties classed as monochromes, 329; wide range, 334; in which red predominates, 336, blue and green, 338; Fang-chin, ​338; grained, 339; checkered, 340; tortoise-shell, 341; tiger-skin, 3413 Kwang faience, 350-352.
Pomegranate tree as a decorative subject, 167.
Pong Chun-pao, potter, 90.
Porcelain, Chinese, question of earliest manufacture, 6—12, 99; gradations, 99, 250, 348; céladons, 82; method of repairing, 143; monochromes the ideal, 154; original meaning of term, 366; rise of present use of name and earliest specimens in Europe, 366—372; rise of European trade in, 372; Occidental confusion of, with Japanese, 373; Occidental influences, 374; character of early exported, 374; first exportation of high-grade enamelled, 375, 376; composition, 383-385; care in manufacture, 388; present supply and demand of old, 377; modern imitations, 377-382; process in egg-shell, 395; stoving, 396. See also Blue-and-white ware, Enamelled ware, Faience, Polychromatic wares, Pottery, Red under the glaze, and also monochromes under the names of colours.
Porcelain Tower of Nanking, 349.
Pottery, extent of the term, 348; boccaro, 353-365. See also Faience, Keramics, Porcelain.
Purple monochromatic wares, 24, 26, 51, 309. See also Colours.
Red monochromatic wares, Hung-ting, 27; esteem, 278; first, 278—280; Chi-hung, 280-286, 292—294, 297; Fan-hung, 284, 297; Sang de bœuf or Lang, of Kang-hsi era, 286-291; Chiang-tou-hung of Kang-hsi era, 294; Pin-lwo-ts'ing or Peach-bloom, 294-297; Hung-mien, 298; classification according to method of development of colour, 298; Jujube, 299; Rouge, 300; Coral, 301; Western, 301; ruby-backed, 302. See also Colours, Polychromatic wares.
Red-under-the-glaze decoration, use in Hsuan-tê era, 127; Court orders for, in Wan-li era, 128, 131; Tsing dynasty ware, 168; criteria, 168—170; in combination with blue, 170.
Repairing porcelain, Chinese method, 143.
Reserved style of decoration, 193.
Robin's-egg glaze, 333.
Rouge-red monochromatic porcelain, 300.
Rouge-vif. See Chi-hung.
Ruby-back porcelains, 212, 302.
Salvétat, Alphonse, on manufacture of glaze, 388-390; on colour, materials and methods, 399-410.
San-tsai-ki, porcelain, 245, 247; faience, 246-249.
Sang de bœuf monochromatic porcelain, 286. See also Lang-yao.
Sartel, O. du, error on Chinese porcelain, 9; on secret-coloured ware, 17; on antiquity of enamelled porcelain, 185; on European imitations of Chinese porcelain, 238—243; on crackle, 346; on European collections of Chinese porcelain, 377.
Satow, Ernest, investigation into Siamese céladons, 65.
Sceptre, Buddhist, as a decorative subject, 166.
Se-liang, potter, 360.
Sèvres painted ware, Chinese imitation, 216.
Shan-hu-hung monochromatic porcelain, 301.
Shan-si province, faience, 349.
Shan-yu-hwang monochromatic ware, 307.
Shao Erh-sun, potter, 361.
​Shao Wan-kin, potter, 359.
Shao Wan-yin, potter, 359.
Shao-kai, potter, 361.
Shao-shan, potter, 358.
Shapes, in blue-and-white porcelain, 113, 123-125, 129-134, 146, 147; in Hawthorn pattern ware, 142; in enamelled porcelain, 187; lamp-shades, 215; copies from bronzes, 251; boccaro tea-pots, 362, 363.
Shê-pi-lü monochromatic ware, 321.
Sheu-yao, 15, 303.
Shi Ming, potter, 358.
Shi Ta-pin, potter, 358.
Shi Ying, potter, 359.
Shi-hang, potter, 358.
Shin-tin-ki, 90.
Shô-sô collection, specimens of early Chinese wares, 21.
Shu Chiao, potter, 28, 260.
Shu Hung, potter, 28, 260.
Shu-fu-yao, 93, 251.
Shu-yao, 16.
Shun-chih era, blue-and-white ware, 136.
Siam ware, 64; céladon, 64.
Siam-nan-yao, 136.
Siao-yao, 260.
Snuff-bottles, Chinese, in Egyptian tombs, 228.
Solyman on early Chinese porcelain, 10.
Soufflé ware, 151-153, 311, 395.
Spotted-yellow ware, 307.
Starred-ice crackle, 345.
Steatite, use in soft-paste porcelain, 107, 267, 269.
Stippling in blue-and-white ware, 174.
Sü Ts'z-ching, potter, 362.
Sü Yiu-chüen, potter, 358.
Su-chou-yao, 85.
Subjects for decoration. See Decoration.
Sui dynasty, wares, 13-15.
Sui-ki, 343.
Sung dynasty wares, Ting, 24-28, 31, 250, 259, 260; Kichou, 28; Tu-Ting, 29; Ju, 32-37; Kuan, 37-41; Jung, 41; Lung-chuan, 41-50; Ko, 42-45, 50; Chün, 50-57; Chien, 57-60; Su-chou imitation of Ting, 85; of Ching-tê-chên, 89, 90; blue-and-white, 98; Tsu-chou, 276; green tiles, 319.
Symbols, Chinese, as decorative subjects, 158-161.
Szechuen province, ware of the Tang dynasty, 16.
Ta-lu monochromatic ware, 319.
Ta-sin, caligraphist, 361.
Tang, superintendent of Ching-tê-chên potteries, 81, 137, 172, 201, 298; his yellow glaze, 307, 308.
Tang dynasty, wares, 15-17, 21.
Tao-lu, keramic history, 3.
Tao-shu, keramic annals, 3.
Tao Yü, potter, 14.
Taou-kwang era, blue-and-white ware, 175.
Tê-hwa-yao, 271.
Tea, properties ascribed to, 57.
Tea ceremonial, Japanese art tendencies, 98.
Tea-pots. See Boccaro ware.
Three-coloured ware, porcelain, 245, 247; faience, 246-249.
Tieh-siu-hwa ware, 339.
Tien-lan monochromatic porcelain, 312.
Tiger as a decorative subject, 157.
Tiger-skin glaze, 341.
Tiles, ancient green, 319.
Ting-yao, original or Sung, date of origin, 23; character, 24-27, 250—252; scarcity, 273; imitations and later wares called, 27, 83, 85, 93; coarser varieties, 28, 29; factory transferred to Nan-chang, 31; character of the Nan-chang ware, 31; Ming, 257; later, made at Ching-tê-chên, 262-264; question ​of red glaze, 278; purple, 309; black, 323.
To-tai-ki, 253-257.
Tortoise as a decorative subject, 157, 164.
Tortoise-shell glaze, 341.
Trade, keramic, with Japan, 29, 73; dêpots for early Eastern export, 66, 95; channels for early export, 68, 72; with Borneo, 68; European, 372-377.
Transmutation ware, process, 330—332; varieties, 332-334; wide range, 334; modern, 342.
Tsao-hung monochromatic porcelain, 299; use in combination, 299.
Tsiang Poh-Kwa, potter, 359.
Tsin dynasty, ware, 13.
Tsin-yao, 16.
Tsing dynasty, blue-and-white ware, 136-175; modern decline of keramic art, 175, 380-382; enamelled porcelain, 201-217; white monochromes, 266-271; red monochromes, 286-303; yellow monochromes, 305-309.
Tau-chou-yao, 276, 350.
Tsui, potter, 135, 200.
Tsui-se monochromatic ware, 316; varieties, 317.
Tu-Ting-yao, 29, 251, 350.
Tui-hwa-ki, 269.
Tung-Han, potter, 357.
Tung-ngeu-tao, 13.
Tung-siu-hwa ware, 339.
Turquoise blue, monochromatic ware, 316; varieties, 317; polychromatic ware, 338.
Tzü-chin monochromatic ware, 326—328.
U-chin monochromatic ware, 323, 325.
U-ching monochromatic ware, 323—325; modern imitations, 326.
U-ni-yao, 59, 323.
Unicorn, or Ki-lin, as a decorative subject, 157, 164.
Wan-li era, blue-and-white ware, 126, 133-135; red-under-the-glaze ware, 128, 131; enamelled ware, 194-201.
Watered-blue monochromatic porcelain, 315.
Wei-tsü. See Kai-pien.
Western reds, 301.
White monochromatic wares, Ting soft-paste, and its successors, 24—32, 83, 85, 93, 250-252, 257—264; hard-paste egg-shell, 252—257, 264-266; revival of hard-paste, in Kang-hsi era, 266; decorations in early Tsing eras, 267-270; criteria of hard-paste, 267, 271; Ivory-white, 271-275; marks, 275; Tsu-chou, 276.
White slip decoration, 230.
Wu-tsai-ki, 191.
Yao-pien, process, 330-332; varieties, 332-334; wide range, 335.
Yellow monochromatic wares, first, 303; transparent, 304-306; opaque, 306; mustard, 306; eel, 307; spotted, 307.
Yen-chi-hung monochromatic porcelain, 300.
Yen-ching-tou-hwa ware, 230.
Yi-hsing-yao. See Boccaro.
Yu-li-hung, Tsing dynasty under-the-glaze ware, 168.
Yuan Chang, potter, 358.
Yueh-pai monochromatic ware, 313.
Yueh-yao, 15, 17.
Yuan dynasty, keramic conditions, 90, 94, 95; its so-called porcelain, 91, 312; wares of Ching-tê-chên, 92-94; enamelled ware, 180-182.
Yung-ching era, blue-and-white ware, 171; identity with ware of Kang​hsi era, 171; keramic reproduction of bronze surface, 226.
Yung-lo era, blue-and-white ware, 105; enamelled ware, 182; egg-shell porcelain, 252-255.
Yuriaku, Japanese emperor, edict on keramic ware, 7.
Zaitun, dêpot for foreign trade, 66; identity, 66.
Layout 2