OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bobby Bumps' Fly Swatter

* related portals: Cartoons, Silent cartoons.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
Cast and Crew :
| Crew ||
| Director | Earl Hurd (d. 1940) |
| Based on available information, the latest crew member that is relevant to international copyright laws died in 1940, meaning that this film may be in the public domain in countries and jurisdictions with 83 years p.m.a. or less, as well as in the United States. ||
Pa's ungarnished dome furnishes a perfect skating rink for flies.
Horse-fly magnified 1,617.557 times.
Some racetrack!
IDEA
An idea strikes Pa.
"I'm awful busy Pa. I gotta knock out some flies for Fido."
"Well, come along and knock out a few for me."
UP DOWN LEFTRIGHTOPENSHUT
Pa is mad as the -----
AVIATION FIELD
"There are no flies on Pa, -- now!
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1940, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 83 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
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# Bobby Bumps Adopts a Turtle

* related portals: Cartoons, Silent cartoons.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
Cast and Crew :
| Crew ||
| Director | Earl Hurd (d. 1940) |
| Based on available information, the latest crew member that is relevant to international copyright laws died in 1940, meaning that this film may be in the public domain in countries and jurisdictions with 83 years p.m.a. or less, as well as in the United States. ||
NOTICE
NOTICE!
BECAUSE
BOBBY
Next morning.
KEEP YOUR EYE ON HIM, FIDO, WHILE I FIND A SAFE PLACE FOR HIM!
'S' FUNNY, THE HANDLE'S GONE!
RUFF
RUFF
RUFF
I'LL FIX THAT ANIMATED PANCAKE!
IF I KETCH A TURTLE IN THAT ICE BOX, I'LL MAKE SOUP OUT OF IT!
"You ain't gwine to put no turtles in dat dere dish!"
SIDE POCKET
CORNER POCKET
PA, WHERE'D BE A SAFE PLACE FOR A TURTLE?
SIDE POCKET
THANKS PA!
SAFE
AT LAST, I'VE GOT HIM IN A SAFE PLACE!!
Night follows day—as nights have a habit of doing.
CAN THAT STUFF! YOU'VE STILL GOT ME!
UNSAFE
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1940, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 83 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
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# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Benda

From volume 2 of the work.
A titular see of Albania. Its history is closely connected with that of the Sees of Narenta and Mostar. Narenta, or in Italian Narona, represents the ancient Chelmium, or Chulmia, and its bishop, a suffragan of Dyrrhachium (Durazzo), took the title of episcopus Stephanensis, or Stephaniacensis, the cathedral being dedicated to St. Stephen; this is the title of Cosmas at the council under Photius in 879. But as these bishops resided at Spalato, the title shortly became Spalatensis. About the middle of the fourteenth century, Narenta became the seat of a Latin bishopric, to which was united the See of Benda, the chief town in a district of this name, near Croia, in the pashalik of Scutari. Its bishop thus obtained a double title, episcopus Bendensis et Stephanensis, to which, about 1400, was added the title Priscensis, or Prisnensis, from Prisca, or Prisna, probably identical with the village Presa, or Press, in Albania. Be that as it may, these three titles were borne from the first by only one titular; Gams separates them wrongly (Series episcop., 422). The first titular was not, as is commonly said, the Domincan Petrus de Anagnia, but Demetrius, probably identical with the Franciscan Demetrius de Scutaro who is mentioned in the Bullar Franciscan. (VI, n. 662). From the seventeenth century the see became titular, probably because the bishops had transferred their residence to Mostar, on the left bank of the River Narenta, a see known as Mandatriensis et Dumnensis.
Farlati, Illyricum sacrum, VII, 401-405; Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica medii oevi, I, 488; II, 266 and 327.
L. Petit.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Benedetto Marcello

From volume 9 of the work.
Born in Venice in 1696; died at Brescia in July, 1739. Marcello's life was a strange mixture of the political and the artistic. In 1730 he became Proveditore of Pola, but his health failed here and he assumed the the duties of Camerlengo at Brescia. He furnished the libretto of Ruggieri's "Arato in Sparta". The library at San Marco in Venice possesses the manuscript copy of his well known "Teoria Musicale" and in the Royal Library of Dresden are original copies of "Il Timoteo" and "La Cassandra". The Royal Library at Brussels has preserved the MS. copy of "II Trionfo della Musica nel celebrarsi la morte di Maria Vergine". His great "Paraphrase of the Psalms" is his best work though his a settings of the Salve Regina, the Miserere, and the Lamentations of Jeremias contain features of deep interest to the student of the history of music. The "Paraphrase" appeared in instalments, the first publication being in 1724. His collaborator was the poet Giustiniani.
BURNEY, General History of Music, IV; GROVE, Dictionary of Music; BINGLEY, History of the Musicians of 16th and 17th Centuries, II.
William Finn.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Benedetto Justiniani

From volume 8 of the work.
(GIUSTINIANI).
Theological and Biblical writer, born at Genoa, about the year 1550; died at Rome, 19 December, 1622. He entered the novitiate of the Society of Jesus, at Rome, in 1579. For a while he taught rhetoric in the Roman College, and next theology at Toulouse, Messina, and Rome. For upwards of twenty years he was the head of the Roman College and regens of the Sacred Poenitentiaria. He filled also the office of chief preacher to the pope. Clement VIII appointed him as theologian to the celebrated Cardinal Cajetan, during the latter's legation in Poland. He is the author of two valuable Scriptural works: "In omnes B. Pauli Epistolas explanationes" (2 vols., Lyons, 1612 and 1613); and "In omnes Catholicas Epistolas explanationes" (Lyons, 1621). In these writings he first gives a paraphrase of the text, and then explains it by means of a commentary. Of his other published works, the "Apologia pro libertate ecclesiastica ad Gallo-Francos" is the best-known. His folio treatise "De Gratia" was not printed, on account of the pope's general order at the time prohibiting the publication of writings on that difficult topic. Among his manuscript opuscules may be mentioned the works: "De Natura brevis disputatio"; "De Sacramentis"; "De Poenitentia"; "De Confessario". His canonical work entitled "De legitima Romani Pontificis electione libri sex" exists only in manuscript. This is also the case with his "Epistola ad Franciscum Brandinum super aliquibus propositionibus philosophicis", and with various volumes of his sermons.
R. SIMON, Histoire critique des principaux commentateurs du N. T. (Rotterdam, 1693); ELLIES DUPIN, Bibliothèque des auteurs ecclésiastiques, seventeenth century, part I (Paris, 1708); DE BACKER, Bibliothèque des écrivains de la compagnie de Jésus, 3rd series (Liège, 1856).
FRANCIS E. GIGOT
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Benedetto da Majano

From volume 9 of the work.
A well-known Florentine sculptor and architect of the Renaissance, b. at Majano, Tuscany. 1442; d. at Florence, 24 May, 1498. During his early life he cultivated the art of wood-mosaic, at which he was singularly expert. King Corvinus of Hungary invited him to his court, and it is said that the destruction on the journey of some preciously executed inlay work he was taking to his royal patron induced the artist to seek more durable material. In 1471-72 he carved the monumental altar for the Duomo of Faenza dedicated to San Savino; in 1474, the bust of Pietro Mellini, shrewd and life-like, in the Bargello, in 1480, the framework of the doorway at the Palazzo Vecchio, a delicate piece of chiselling still in place. Also in 1480, with his brother Giuliano, he built and made the sculptures for the little oratory of the Madonna dell'Olivo, outside Prato. The charming adolescent St. John of the Bargello is ascribed to the year 1481. In 1489 Benedetto designed the Strozzi Palace at Florence which still stands (continued by Cronaca), one of the most picturesque memorials of its day. It is believed he went to Naples in 1490, and there executed various sculptures, among others an Annunciation at the church of Monte Oliveto. The tomb of Filippo Strozzi, with its lovely roundel of Mother and Child supported by cherubs (S. Maria Novella, Florence), dates from about 1491. In 1433-94 he made carvings at San Gimignano in the chapel of the child-patron, Santa Fina; a bust of Onofrio Vanni in the sacristy, and the beautiful tomb of San Bartolo in the church of Sant'Agostino; the circular high-relief in the arch of the Madonna and Infant blessing in one of his most exquisite creations. Renedetto's best-known and most esteemed production is the pulpit at the Franciscan church of Santa Croce, Florence (about 1495). Minor works are the group of the seated Madonna and Child at the oratory of the Misericordia, Florence; the bust of Giotto at the Duomo, and of Squarcialupi in the Bargello, in Siena, the reliefs of the Evangelists at the Duomo, and a marble ciborium in the church of S. Domenico; a fine best of Filippo Strozzi in the Louvre, Paris, and another in Berlin; and a door found at Borgo San Sepolcro, now in a private collection at Palermo. The portico of B. Maria delle Grazie, at Arezzo, is his. He was buried in the crypt of S. Lorenzo. Bode is of the opinion that he was the Florentine who most nearly approached the German School, but, in his best works, he retains the subtilty and distinction, the fineness and nervous beauty of Donatello and of Rossellino.
VASARI, Lives, tr. FOSTER (London, 1887); LUBKE, Outlines of the History of Art (New York, 1879); PERKINS, Historical Handbook of Italian Scrupture (New York, 1883); BODE, Florentine Scuptors of the Renaissance (London, 1908).
M. L. Handley.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Benedetto Castelli

From volume 3 of the work.
Mathematician and physicist; b. at Perugia, Italy, 1577; d. at Rome, 1644. He was destined by his parents for the service of the Church and entered the Order of St. Benedict, at Monte Cassino. There he became abbot, and in 1640 he was transferred to the Abbey of San Benedetto Aloysio. He was specially interested in the mathematical sciences and their application to hydraulics. Galileo, his teacher, and Toricelli, one of his pupils, speak very highly of his scientific attainments, and both of them frequently asked his advice. In 1623 Urban VIII invited him to Rome and later appointed him chief mathematician to the pope and public professor of mathematics in the University of Rome. In 1625 he was sent with Monsignore Corsini to study the disorders occasioned by the waters of the Romagna, and to propose a remedy. Here he completed his important work on the "Mensuration of Running Water", in which he developed the important relations, that the speed of a current varies inversely as the area of its cross section, and that the discharge from a vessel depends on the depth of the tap below the free surface of the water. He was often consulted in other provinces of Italy in connexion with drainage, water-supply, prevention of floods, and the like.
His chief work is "Della misura dell'acqua corrente" (Rome, 1628; 3rd ed., 1660), translated into English by Salusbury (London, 1661), and into French by Saporta (1664), reprinted (Bologna, 1823) in Cardinali's collection "d'autori italiani che trattano del moto dell'acqua". Another work is "Risposta alle oppositioni del Sig. Lodvico, &c., contro al trattato del Sig. Galileo, Delle cose che stanno sopra acqua" (Bologna, 1655). According to Poggendorf, the invention of the helioscope is ascribed to him.
SALUSBURY, Math. Collections and Translations (London, 1661); La Grande Encycl., s. v.
WILLIAM FOX
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Benedetto Menzini

From volume 10 of the work.
Priest and poet, b. at Florence, 1646; d. at Rome, 7 Sept., 1704. His family being poor, he early gave himself up to teaching, becoming a professor of belles-lettres at Florence and Prato. He was already in Holy Orders. In 1681 he failed to obtain the chair of rhetoric in the University of Pisa partly because of the jealousy of other clerics and partly because of the acrimony constantly shown by him in his words and acts. In 1685 he went to Rome and enjoyed the favour of Queen Christina of Sweden, until her death in 1689. Pope Innocent XII then gave him a canonry, and appointed him to a chair of rhetoric in one of the institutions of the city of Rome Following the models provided by the poems of Chiabrera and Testi, Menzini wrote his Pindaric "Canzoni eroiche e morali" (1674-80). These observe the Greek division - strophe, antistrophe, and deal with subjects that were also engaging the attention of the contemporary poet Filicaja, e.g., the freeing of Venice, the taking of Budapest. Some seventeen of his elegies treat of matters of various interest. The poem "Il Paradiso terrestre" is almost continuation of the "Mondo creato" of Tasso, Menzini's favourite poet. In the "Academia Turculana" in mingled prose and verse, he introduces leading spirits of the time, who discuss subjects of many sorts. The pastoral note was struck by him with no little success in his "Sonetti pastorali" and in his "Canzonette anacreontiche" he produced a number of graceful little lyrics. Perhaps the most famous work of Menzini is his satires, some thirteen in number, in which he assails in acrid terms the hypocrisy prevailing in Tuscany in the last years of the Medici rule. In like fashion he lashes in his "Arte poetica" the artificiality and the uncouthness of the versifiers of his time.
Opere (4 vols., Florence, 1731); Satire (Amsterdam, 1728) and Borghini, III (1876); PAOLUCCI, Vita di Benedetto Menzini (FIorence, 1732); Magrini, Studio critico su Benedetto Menzini (Naples, 1885); TONCHINI, Benedetto Menzini e le sue opere (Cairo, 1893). For more recent edition of his work see Satire, rime e lettere scelte di Benedetto Menzini (Florence, 1874).
J.D.M. FORD
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Benedetto da Rovezzano

From volume 13 of the work.
Sculptor and architect, b. in 1490, either at Rovezzano, near Florence, or, according to some authorities, at Canapale, near Pistoia; d. at Florence, 1530. His family name is said to have been Gratini or Grazini. One of his most important works was the sculptures for the Church of St. John Gualbertus (1505); these sculptures were injured during the siege of Florence, 1530. The mutilated fragments, five reliefs from the life of the saint, are in the Bargello. Benedetto executed many tombs, chiefly architectural in design, with ornaments in sculpture. The monument of Odde Altoviti, Church of SS. Apostoli, Florence, done in 1507, is by him; the monument of Piero Soderini in the choir, church of the Carmine, Florence; and others. Leo X sent to Card. Wolsey twelve terra cotta medallions by Rovezzano and the sculptor himself went to England in 1524. The cardinal engaged him upon a tomb for himself, but as he fell into disgrace before its completion, it was finished by the king's order. Charles I wished to be buried in it, but the tomb remained empty until the death of Nelson. Rovezzano is believed to have acquired prosperity in England. He returned to Florence in later life, and endured long years of blindness before his death. Further works are the altar of St. Denis in the S. Trinità, Florence; two altars in the church of Badia; door of SS. Aposotoli; a St. John in marble in the Duomo; and in the Bargello, marble niches from the Palazzo Cepparello and a chimney piece.
PERKINS, Tuscan Sculptors (London, 1886); SEMPER, Hervorragende Bildhauer, Architekten de Renaissance (Dresden, 1880); SINGER, Allgemeines Künstler Lexicon (Frankfort, 1901); BOCARDO, Nuova Enciclopedia (Turin, 1886).
M. L. Handley.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Dom Jacques Alexandre

From volume 1 of the work.
​Alexandre, Dom Jacques, a learned Benedictine monk of the Congregation of St. Maur. b. at Orleans, France, 24 January, 1653; d. at Bonne-Nouvelle, 23 June, 1734. He made his profession in the abbey of Vendôme, 26 August, 1673, and after completing his philosophical and theological studies, was sent to the monastery of Bonne-Nouvelle, where he spent the remainder of his life. He died sub-prior of the monastery. Though somewhat delicate in health, he was a man of great industry and all his leisure was devoted to the study of mathematics and physical and mechanical science. He wrote much, though apparently without thought of publication, for most of his writings were merely transcribed into a large folio volume which was preserved in the library of Bonne-Nouvelle.
Alexandre is known chiefly by his two works, "Traité du flux et du reflux de la mer" and the "Traité général des horloges." The former had already been written when the Academy of Bordeaux proposed the cause of the tides as the subject of a prize essay. He submitted an extract which was deemed worthy of the prize and his success led him to publish the entire work at Paris, 1726. This treatise, based as it is upon the supposed rotation of the earth about the moon, is of interest only from an historical point of view, as a contribution to the solution of a problem which has engaged the attention of the most skilful analysts since the time of Newton. The "Traité général des horloges", Paris, 1734, as its name indicates, is a general treatise on the history and the art of constructing time-pieces. It contains a catalogue of writers on the subject with a brief account of their principal works. Besides his manuscript works on subjects in mathematics, mechanics, etc., Alexandre added a sixth part to Huyghen's treatise "De horologio oscillatorio", in which he describes a clock the length of whose pendulum was automatically varied to enable it to indicate apparent solar instead of mean solar time. A description of the pendulum mechanism, which never came into practical use, may be found in Berthoud's "Essai sur l'horlogerie", Paris, 1786, I, xvii, where some of its defects are pointed out.
Histoire Littéraire de la Congrégation de Saint Maur (Brussels, 1770).
H. M. Brock.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Domenico Bernini

From volume 2 of the work.
Son of the famous artist Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini, lived in the early part of the eighteenth century. He became a prelate and canon of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome. He devoted himself to the study of ecclesiastical history and wrote an extensive history o f the heresies, "Istoria, di tutte l'heresie", 4 vols. fol. (Rome 1705-17); also, "Memorie istoriche di ciò che hanno operato i sommi pontefici nelle guerre contra i Turchi" in quarto (Rome, 1685); "Il tribunale della S. Ruota Romana (Rome, 1717)
G. M. SAUVAGE
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Domenico Campagnola

From volume 3 of the work.
Painter of the Venetian school, b. at Padua in 1482; date of death unascertained. This excellent artist was one of the cleverest pupils of the School of Titian, and was so proficient that he is said to have aroused the jealousy of his master. He was also an expert engraver, and is known to have executed etchings and woodcuts. His fresco paintings are to be seen in the Scuola del Santo at Padua and in Venice. They are marked by fresh animated colour, strong poetic sympathy, and easy brilliant technic. He is said to have been even more daring than Titian in the manner in which he drew the nude figure. A fine panel picture by him representing Adam and Eve is in the Pitti Palace, Florence. He was also a painter of landscapes which so closely resemble the works of Titian that they are often attributed to that artist. Many of these landscapes have been engraved by Corneille. His etchings, ten of which are known, almost all bear the same date, 1517. On some his name appears in full, on others abbreviated Do.Cap. or Do.Camp.
For his early work as an engraver, see Ottley, Inquiry into the Origin and Early History of Engraving; Passavant, Peintre-Graveur; Galichon, Life of Giulio Campagnola (1862); For his paintings, see Lanzi, Storia pittorica dell' Italia; Ridolfi, Le Maraviglie dell' arte.
GEORGE CHARLES WILLIAMSON
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Dom François Armand Gervaise

From volume 6 of the work.
Discalced Carmelite, b. at Paris, 1660; d. at Reclus, France, 1761. After completing his humanities with brilliant success, he joined the Discalced Carmelites, and having been nominated prior of a convent, he chanced to meet Bossuet, who recognized in him a fervent religious, a learned writer, and an eloquent orator. Anxious to embrace a more austere life, he entered La Trappe in 1695, where he became the privileged disciple of the Abbé de Rancé, and made his profession in 1696. In the same year Dom Zozime, who had succeeded the Abbé de Rancé after his resignation, died after a few months of administration, and de Rancé then asked the king, with the pressing recommendation of Bossuet, for Dom Gervaise as his second successor.
Dom Gervaise had given unequivocal proofs of his religious spirit and his eloquence; these qualifications led to the hope that his appointment would be of the greatest advantage to the reform, and consequently on 20 October, 1696, he received the abbatial blessing. But his turbulent administration, which in several points was opposed to that of the Abbé de Rancé, soon procured for him numerous enemies who to well-founded accusations added some that were baseless. Dom Gervaise yielded before the storm and tendered his resignation in 1698. Soon, however, he regretted this step and tried to withdraw his resignation, but without success. Under the abbot chosen to fill his place he left La Trappe and began his wandering life from monastery to monastery, exercising to good purpose his talent as a writer. His style is always well-turned and flowing, but he is reproached for being sometimes wanting both in exactitude as to his information and in polemical moderation.
We shall mention only a few of his works: the lives of several Fathers of the Church and ecclesiastical writers; the life of Abélard; the life of Abbot Joachim, Prophet; the life of Suger; a criticism on Marsolier's "Life of the Abbé de Rancé", in which he makes his own apology; finally, the history of the Reform of Cîteaux in France, a work in which he does not treat with sufficient consideration the superiors of the order, and which caused his final disgrace. He was obliged to interrupt its publication, and was banished by order of the king to the monastery of the Reclus, in the Diocese of Troyes, where he died. Until the end of his life he remained faithful to the austerities of the life of La Trappe, observing in all its rigour the rule he had embraced.
EDMOND M. OBRECHT
# Brotherhood of Railway and Steamship Clerks v. Association for Benefit of Non-Contract Employees

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.

## Concurring Opinion

    Black

## Dissenting Opinion

    Stewart
United States Supreme Court
380 U.S. 650
Brotherhood of Railway and Steamship Clerks v. Association for Benefit of Non-Contract Employees
Argued: March 4, 1965. --- Decided: April 28, 1965
Archibald Cox, Sol. Gen., for respondents in No. 139 and petitioners in No. 369.
[Syllabus from pages 650-652 intentionally omitted]
James L. Highsaw, Jr., Washington, D.C., for petitioner in No. 138.
Stuart Bernstein, Chicago, Ill., for petitioner in No. 139.
Alex L. Arguello, San Francisco, Cal., for respondent in Nos. 138 and 369.
Mr. Justice CLARK delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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