OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Book of the Aquarium/Part 1/Chapter 7

CHAPTER VII.
SELECTION OF STOCK.
The first thing to guard against is over-stocking, the common error of all beginners; taking large fish with small, I think about two or three to every gallon of water is the utmost that should be attempted. For a vessel of twelve gallons, I should recommend the following, as giving great variety, with considerable safety:—Six Prussian carp, of various sizes, one at least of five inches in length; two small Crucian carp; two small perch; two small loach; two tench, of five or six inches; six or eight minnows; one small eel; a dozen Planorbis corneus; half-a-dozen Paludina vivipara; three or four fresh-water mussels; and a dozen of different sorts of newts.
​A tank so stocked, will be well filled with life; and if the plants be sufficiently strong, and in a good light, all will go well.
Another, and to some perhaps, prettier selection, might be made thus:—Three gold carp, of various sizes; three Prussian carp; two perch; four large loach; a dozen minnows; half-a-dozen bleak; and two dozen planorbis.
If stocked with great care, with a bottom of pebbles only, this would do very well; and the sides would never want cleansing. For a smaller vessel, the same selection might be made, but with a proportionate reduction of the numbers.
Those who make their own selection, may choose from the following:—
Plants.—Vallisneria spiralis, Anacharis alsinastrum, Callitriche vernalis and autumnalis, Nuphar lutea, Potamogeton crispus, densus, and fluitans, Stratoides aloides, Ranunculus aquatalis (apt to foul the water in a north aspect), Myriophyllum spicatum, Myosotis palustris, (the real forget-me-not—it flowers above the surface), Butomus umbellatus (for the centre—it flowers above the surface), Lemna, Nitella, and Chara. For a list of suitable ferns and instructions on their culture I must refer the reader to my work entitled, “ Rustic Adornments for Homes of Taste,” where this department is amply treated.
Fishes.—Gold carp, British, Prussian, and Crucian carp, pike, perch, tench, minnows, chub, loach, gudgeon, bream, and in winter, roach, dace, and bleak.
Reptiles.—The smooth and warty newt, tadpoles, frogs.
Mollusks.—Univalves, Planorbis comeus, and ​carrinatus, Paludina vivipara, Lymnea stagnalis, putris, auriculata, and glutinosa, Physa fontinalis, Bythinia tentacula.
Bivalves.—Anodon cygneus, Unio pictorum, tumidus and margaritiferous, Dressinia polymorpha, Cyclas corneus.
# The Book of the Aquarium/Part 1/Chapter 6

CHAPTER VI.
REPTILES, MOLLUSKS, AND INSECTS.
The lower orders of creation supply many interesting specimens for the aquarium. Among the reptiles—newts, or water lizards, and the common frog, may be recommended as offering some forms of positive elegance, and some habits worthy of observation. The smooth newt, the warty newt, and the noble triton, are almost essential to the completion of the collection, and as they respire air at the surface, they do not exhaust the water of oxygen. The beautiful markings on the belly, and the graceful motions of these strange creatures, are sure to afford entertainment to those who can overcome the very common repugnance felt towards such creatures.
Some of the mollusks commend themselves for their beauty, and will be prized by the aquarian enthusiast. Among the univalves, lymnea, physœ, planorbis, and paludina, are the most useful and ornamental. I must caution the amateur against the too ready adoption of any species of lymnea; they are destructive, and particularly fond of Vallisneria, Stratoides, and Callitriche, and while they are the best of cleaners, they are also the most indiscriminate of gluttons.
Paludina Vivipara is a handsome snail, with a bronze tinted, globular shell; but Planorbis Corneus and carrinatus are still handsomer, having a spiral form, resembling the horn of a ram. These latter are to be trusted anywhere; they are good cleaners, and seldom attack the plants. Water ​snails breed rapidly in tanks, but the carp devour the young as fast as they appear; hence it is advisable to remove the spawn into jars containing healthy plants, such as Callitriche, in which they may remain for observation of growth, till stout enough to be committed to the tank.
PLANORBIS CORNEUS, PALUDINA VIVIPARA, LYMNEA STAGNALIS, UNIO PICTORUM, TUMIDUS, & ANODON CYGNEUS.
Among the bivalves, the fresh-water swan mussel, Anodon cygneus, and the Duck mussel, Unio pictorum, are interesting burrowers, and perform a great service in the tank. They act as scavengers, not by the process of eating off objectionable growths, as in the case of univalves, but by the straining off of matters held in ​suspension in the water, and filtering it in a pure state, by the mechanism of their syphons, and ciliated gills. It is very interesting to watch them thus engaged, and to note the force of the stream which they project from time to time.
The only creature of the insect kind that I can recommend for general adoption is the caddis worm, a comical and interesting creature, that can never mar the beauty of the tank. Half-a-dozen may be thrown in, and searched for occasionally—the search will always be well rewarded. When the cad closes his hybernacle, it will be desirable to remove it to a jar, to obtain a better opportunity of witnessing the transformation of the dormant worm into a four-winged fly of Stephens’s family of Phryganea.
# The Book of the Aquarium/Part 2/Chapter 4

CHAPTER IV.
THE PLANTS.
As already stated, the green weeds are most suitable, the red next so, but of the brown and olive sorts there are very few that can be kept in a state of health for any length of time. There are only two plants suitable for the commencement of the experiment, and these are Ulva latissima, the common sea lettuce, and Enteromorpha compressa, a delicate grass-like algæ, of a very cheerful green. Of these Mr. Lloyd and Mr. Hall have always plenty on hand, ready cleaned and prepared for immediate submersion. Artificial water soon acquires the properties of natural sea water under the influence of these plants, which grow rapidly, and disseminate their spores throughout the tank, at the same time giving abundance of oxygen for the support of animal life.
When a few weeks have elapsed Chondrus crispus, better known as “Carrageen moss,” may be added, it is a free grower found in plenty on the ledges at extreme low-water mark. The green weeds Codium tomentosum, Cladophora arcta, and rupestris, and Bryopsis plumosa may be considered safe stock when the water has been in use a month or two, but the growth of the more delicate of the Rhodosperms must not be attempted in artificial water for at least three or four months.
The best weeds of the latter class are Phyllophora rubens, Corallina officinals, and Iridæa edulis. In collecting, no doubt the Dulse, Delesseria alata, and ​sanguinea, with, perhaps, some of the Polysiphoniæ will be considered valuable prizes, but they will not succeed in any but experienced hands, for whom this work is not written.
Dasya, Chylocladia, Nitophyllum, Griffithsia, Rhodymenia, and Ptilota will all contribute specimens as time goes on, and opportunity affords for obtaining them. But not one of these lovely weeds of the red class are fit for ordinary aquarian tactics, they are the “florists’ flowers” of the aquarian world, and refuse to be domesticated by any but adepts. The exquisitely delicate Griffithsia setacea is perhaps the only one of the above that may be safely used in a well-seasoned tank of artificial water; the other genera seem to be still more delicately constituted and to require their own native element in a state of great purity.
Once more I urge the beginner to be content with Ulva and Enteromorpha at starting, with half-a-dozen plants of each of these, a large and pleasing variety of animal life may be preserved, and in the case of disaster of any kind, these are the most readily restored to health by a little timely and judicious management.
All coarse and dark coloured weeds, however tempting at first sight, are to be avoided. The sprawling tangles that one steps over in traversing the boulders and the slimy masses of sea-weed, everywhere cast upon the coast, are quite unfit, however fine the specimens, or strong the desire to possess them. Neither must much value be attached to any weed cast up by the surge. The only trustworthy specimens are those chipped from the rock in situ and brought away without being detached from their natural basis.
# The Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems/The Belfry of Bruges

THE BELFRY OF BRUGES.
THE BELFRY OF BRUGES.
# The Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems/The Legend of the Crossbill

THE LEGEND OF THE CROSSBILL.
FROM THE GERMAN OF JULIUS MOSEN.
# The Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems/Seaweed

SONGS.
SEAWEED.
# The Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems/The Arrow and the Song

THE ARROW AND THE SONG.
# The Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems/The Bridge

THE BRIDGE.
# The Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems/The Hemlock Tree

TRANSLATIONS.
THE HEMLOCK TREE.
FROM THE GERMAN.
# The Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems/The Norman Baron

THE NORMAN BARON.
Dans les moments de la vie où la réflexion devient plus calme et plus profonde, où l'intérêt et l'avarice parlent moins haut que la raison, dans les instants de chagrin domestique, de maladie, et de péril de mort, les nobles se repentirent de posséder des serfs, comme d'une chose peu agréable à Dieu, qui avait créé tous les hommes à son image.
Thierry: Conquête de l'Angleterre.
# The Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems/The Occultation of Orion

THE OCCULTATION OF ORION.
# The Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems/The Arsenal at Springfield

First published in Graham's Magazine (April 1844)
THE ARSENAL AT SPRINGFIELD.
# The Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems/The Evening Star

THE EVENING STAR.
# The Botanical Magazine/Volume 2/63

The 63rd species documented in The Botanical Magazine (1790). Latin: Fragaria monophylla.
<poem>
[63] Fragaria monophylla. One-Leaved Strawberry, or Strawberry of Versailles.
Class and Order.
Icosandria Polygynia.
Generic Character.
Calyx 10-fidus. Petala 5. Receptaculum feminum ovatum, baccatum, deciduum.
FRAGARIA monophylla foliis simplicibus. Lin. Syst. Veg. p. 476. Le Fraisier de Versailles. Duchesne Hist. nat. des Frais, p. 124.
N$^o$63
The first mention made of this Strawberry, we find in Duchesne's Histoire naturelle des Fraisiers, where we have its complete history, and from which we learn, that it was originally raised by him at Versailles, in the Year 1761, from seeds of the Wood Strawberry.
From France this plant has been conveyed to most parts of Europe; how it has happened we know not, but it is certainly very little known in this country: in the 14th edit of the Syst. Veg. of Linnæus, it appears as a species under the name of monophylla, originally imposed on it by Duchesne; Linnæus, however, has his doubts as to its being a species distinct from the vesca, and, in our humble opinion, not without reason; for it can certainly be regarded as a very singular variety only; its origin indeed is a proof of this; in addition to which we may observe, that plants raised from the runners will sometimes, though very rarely indeed, have three leaves instead of one: and it is observed by the very intelligent author of the Hist. nat. abovementioned, that seedling plants sometimes produced leaves with three divisions, like those of the Wood Strawberry. Besides the remarkable difference in the number of the leaves in this plant, the leaves themselves are observed to be much smaller in the winter season, and their ribs less branched; the runners also are slenderer and more productive, and the fruit in general more oblong or pyramidal. As an object of curiosity, this plant is deserving a place in every garden of any extent; nor is its singularity its only recommendation, its fruit being equal to that of the finest Wood Strawberry, with which it agrees in the time of its flowering, fruiting, and mode of treatment.
# The Botanical Magazine/Volume 2/66

The 66th species documented in The Botanical Magazine (1790). Latin: Passiflora alata.
<poem>
[66] Passiflora alata. Winged Passion-Flower.
Class and Order.
Gynandria Pentandria.
Generic Character.
Trigyna. Cal. 5-phyllus. Petala 5. Nectarium corona. Bacca pedicellata.
PASSIFLORA alata foliis indivisis cordatis integerrimis, petiolis quadriglandulosis, cauli membranaceo tetragono.
N$^o$66
This species of Passion-flower is one of those which have been introduced into the English gardens since the time of Miller; if it does not equal the cœrulea in elegance, it excels it in magnificence, in brilliancy of colour, and in fragrance, the blossoms being highly odoriferous: as yet, it is by no means so general in this country, as its extraordinary beauty merits, we have seen it flower this year, both summer and autumn, in great perfection in the stove of our very worthy friend James Vere, Esq. Kensington-Gore; at the Physic Garden, Chelsea; and at Mr. Malcom's, Kennington; at Chelsea, in particular, it afforded the richest assemblage of foliage and flowers we ever saw.
It appears to the greatest advantage, when trained up an upright pole, nearly to the height of the back of the stove, and then suffered to run along horizontally.
By some it has been considered as a variety only of the Passiflora quadrangularis, others, with whom we agree in opinion, have no doubt of its being a very distinct species; it differs from the quadrangularis, in having leaves more perfectly heart-shaped, and less veiny; in having four glands on the foot-stalks of the leaves, instead of six; and in not producing fruit with us, which the quadrangularis has been known frequently to do.
The Nursery-men report, that this species was first raised in this country, by a gentleman in Hertfordshire, from West-India seeds.
The usual mode of propogating it here, is by cuttings.
# The Botanical Magazine/Volume 2/59

The 59th species documented in The Botanical Magazine (1790). Latin: Iris Spuria.
<poem>
[59] Mesembryanthemum Bicolorum. Two-Coloured Fig-Marigold.
Class and Order.
Icosandria Pentagynia.
Generic Character.
Cal. 5-fidus. Petala numerosa, linearia. Caps. carnosa, infera, polysperma.
MESEMBRYANTHEMUM bicolorum foliis subulatis punctatis lævibus distinctis, caule frutescente, corollis bicoloribus. Linn. Syst. Vegetab. p. 470.
MESEMBRYANTHEMUM tenuifolium fruticescens, flore croceo. Dill. Elth. 267. t. 202. f. 258.
N$^o$59
Contrary to the Mesembryanthemum dolabriforme, lately figured in this work, this species expands its flowers in the day-time, and that only when the sun shines powerfully on them; on such occasions, the blossoms on the top of the branches being very numerous, exhibit a most splendid appearance.
It is a native of the Cape of Good Hope, flowers in July, and is most readily propagated by cuttings.
Like most of the Cape plants, it requires the shelter of a green-house during the winter.
# The Botanical Magazine/Volume 2/60

The 60th species documented in The Botanical Magazine (1790). Latin: Lathyrus odoratus.
<poem>
[60] Lathyrus odoratus. Sweet Pea, or Vetchling.
Class and Order.
Diadelphia Decandria.
Generic Character.
Stylus planus, supra villosus, superne latior. Cal. laciniæ superiores 2-breviores.
LATHYRUS odoratus pedunculis bifloris, cirrhis diphyllis, foliolis ovato-oblongis, leguminibus hirsutis, Linn. Syst. Vegetab. p. 663.
LATHYRUS distoplatyphyllos hirsutus mollis, magno et peramæno flore odoro. Comm. hort. 2. p. 219. t. 80.
N$^o$60
There is scarcely a plant more generally cultivated than the Sweet Pea, and no wonder, since with the most delicate blossoms it unites an agreeable fragrance.
Several varieties of this plant are enumerated by authors, but general cultivation extends to two only, the one with blossoms perfectly white, the other white and rose-coloured, commonly called the Painted Lady Pea.
The Sweet Pea is described as a native of Sicily, the Painted Lady Variety as an inhabitant of Ceylon; they have both been introduced since the time of Parkinson and Evelyn.
It is an annual, and not a very tender one; seedling plants sown in Autumn frequently surviving our winters.
As it is desirable to have this plant in flower for as great a length of time as possible, to have them early, we must sow them in the Autumn, either in pots or in the open border; if sown in pots, they can the more readily be secured from any severe weather, by placing them in a hot-bed frame, a common practice with gardeners who raise them for the London markets, in which they are in great request: others again should be sown early in the spring, and the sowings repeated every month; they grow readily in almost any soil or situation, and by this means may be had to flower most of the year through.
If sown in pots, care must be taken to water them frequently.
# The Botanical Magazine/Volume 2/61

The 61st species documented in The Botanical Magazine (1790). Latin: Lathyrus odoratus.
<poem>
[61] Iris ochroleuca. Tall Iris.
Class and Order.
Triandria Monogynia.
Generic Character.
Corolla 6-petala, inæqualis, petalis alternis geniculato-patentibus. Stigmata petaliformia, cucullato-bilabiata. Thunb. Diss. de Iride.
IRIS ochroleuca imberbis foliis ensiformibus, scapo subtereti germinibus hexagonis. Lin. Syst. Vegetab. p. 90.
N$^o$61
Of the several species of Iris cultivated in our gardens, this excels in point of height; we have taken our English name therefore from this character, and not from the term ochroleuca, which, if translated, would be too expressive of the colour of the blossoms of the Iris Pseudacorus, with which the ochroleuca has some affinity in point of size as well as colour.
Notwithstanding Mr. Miller's description of his orientalis accords very badly with that of Linnæus's ochroleuca, they have been generally considered in this country as one and the same plant, distinguished by the name of Pococke's Iris, Dr. Pococke being the person who, according to Miller, in his time first introduced it from Carniola (by inadvertence spelt Carolina, in the 6th 4to edition of the Dictionary). There are grounds, however, for suspecting some error in the habitat of this plant, for had it grown spontaneously in Carniola, it is not probable that Scopoli would have omitted it in his Flora Carniolica.
Leaving its place of growth to be more accurately ascertained hereafter, we shall observe, that it appears perfectly naturalized to this country, growing luxuriantly in a moist rich soil, and increasing, like most of the genus, very fast by its roots. It flowers later than most of the others.
# The Botanical Magazine/Volume 2/65

The 65th species documented in The Botanical Magazine (1790). Latin: Clematis integrifolia.
<poem>
[65] Clematis integrifolia. Entire-leaved Clematis, or Virgins-Bower.
Class and Order.
Polyandria Polygynia.
Generic Character.
Cal. 0. Petala 4. rarius 5.—vel 6. Sem. caudata.
CLEMATIS integrifolia foliis simplicibus ovato-lanceolatis, floribus cernuis. Lin. Syst. Vegetab. p. 512.
CLEMATITIS cœrulea erecta. Bauh. Pin. 300.
CLEMATIS cœrulea Pannonica. The Hungarian Climer. Park. Parad. p. 393.
N$^o$65
The Clematis integrifolia is not an uncommon plant in the nurseries about London, and is deserving a place in gardens, if not for the beauty of its flowers, at least for their singularity.
It is a native of Germany, flowers in July, and is one of those hardy perennials which suit most people, requiring little more than an introduction.
Is propagated by parting its roots in Autumn.
# The Botanical Magazine/Volume 2/67

The 67th species documented in The Botanical Magazine (1790). Latin: Mesembryanthemum pinnatifidum.
<poem>
[67] Mesembryanthemum pinnatifidum. Jagged-leaved Fig-Marigold.
Class and Order.
Icosandria Pentagynia.
Generic Character.
Cal. 5-fidus. Petala numerosa linearia. Caps. carnosa infera polysperma.
MESEMBRYANTHEMUM pinnatifidum foliis pinnatifidis. Linn. Syst. Vegetab. p. 470. Suppl. p. 260.
N$^o$67
This species of Mesembryanthemum, so different in the shape of its foliage from all the others hitherto introduced into this country, is first described in the Supplementum Plantarum of the younger Linnæus, from which we learn that it grew in the Upsal Garden, into which it was most probably introduced by professor Thunberg, as on his authority it is mentioned as a native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Mr. Zier, Apothecary, of Castle-Street, was so obliging as to present me this summer with the seeds of this curious plant, I sowed them in a pot of earth, plunged in a tan pit, whose heat was nearly exhausted; they quickly vegetated, and though the summer was far advanced, they proceeded rapidly into flower, and bid fair to produce ripe seeds, as the Capsules have long since been formed.
The whole plant is sprinkled over with glittering particles like the ice plant, to which it bears some affinity in its duration, being an annual and requiring the same treatment.
The blossoms are small and yellow, and if the weather be fine, open about two or three o'clock in the afternoon, the stalks are of a bright red colour, and the foliage yellowish green.
# The Botanical Magazine/Volume 2/62

The 62nd species documented in The Botanical Magazine (1790). Latin: Centaurea Glastifolia.
<poem>
[62] Centaurea Glastifolia. Woad-Leaved Centaurea.
Class and Order.
Syngenesia Polygamia Superflua.
Generic Character.
Receptaculum setosum. Pappus simplex. Corollæ radii infundibuliformes, longiores, irregulares.
CENTAUREA glastifolia calycibus scariosis, foliis indivisis integerrimis decurrentibus. Lin. Syst. Veg. p. 787. Gmelin Sib. 2. p. 83.
CENTAURIUM majus orientale erectum, glasti folio, flore luteo. Comm. rar. 39. t. 39.
N$^o$62
Assumes the name of glastifolia from the similitude which the leaves bear to those of the Isatis tinctoria, or Woad, Glastum of the old Botanists.
In this plant we have an excellent example of the Folium decurrens and Calyx scariosus of Linnæus, the leaves also exhibit a curious phenomenon, having veins prominent on both their sides; the scales of the calyx are moreover distinguished by a beautiful silvery appearance, which it is difficult to represent in colours.
It is a native of the East, as well as of Siberia; flowers with us in July, in the open border, and is readily propagated by parting its roots in autumn, which are of the creeping kind: requires no particular treatment.
Miller, in the last 4to edition of his Dictionary, enumerates a Cent. glastifolia; but his description in detail, by no means accords with the plant.
# The Botanical Magazine/Volume 2/68

The 68th species documented in The Botanical Magazine (1790). Latin: Sempervivum arachnoideum.
<poem>
[68] Sempervivum arachnoideum. Cobweb Houseleek.
Class and Order.
Dodecandria Dodecagynia.
Generic Character.
Cal. 12-partitus. Petala 12. Caps. 12. polyspermæ.
SEMPERVIVUM arachnoideum foliis pilis intertextis, propaginibus globosis. Linn. Syst. Vegetab. p. 456.
SEDUM montanum tomentosum. Bauh. Pin. 284.
N$^o$68
By the old Botanists, this plant was considered as a Sedum; and to this day it is generally known in the gardens by the name of the Cobweb Sedum, though its habit or general appearance, independent of its fructification, loudly proclaims it a Houseleek.
In this species the tops of the leaves are woolly; as they expand they carry this woolly substance with them, which being thus extended, assumes the appearance of a cobweb, whence the name of the plant.
Like most of the Houseleeks it is best kept in a pot, or it will grow well and appear to great advantage on a wall or piece of rock-work; the more it is exposed to the sun, the more colour will enliven its stalks and foliage, and the more brilliant will be its flowers; the latter make their appearance in July.
It is propagated by offsets which it sends forth in abundance.
It is no uncommon practice to treat this beautiful species of Houseleek, as a native of a warm climate; under such an idea we have seen it nursed up in stoves, while the plant spontaneously braves the cold of the Switzerland Alps.