OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Pleasures of Memory (Rogers)

THE
PLEASURES OF MEMORY
BY
SAMUEL ROGERS
LONDON: SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON, LOW AND SEARLE, CROWN BUILDINGS, 188, FLEET STREET.
page
LONDON:
R. CLAY, SONS, AND TAYLOR, PRINTERS,
BREAD STREET HILL.
page
Analysis of the First Part The Pleasures of Memory: Part 1 Analysis of the Second Part The Pleasures of Memory: Part 2 Notes on the First Part Notes on the Second Part
page
​The large Illustrations in this volume are produced by a new method, without the aid of an engraver; and some little indulgence is asked for them, on the plea of the inexperience of the Artists in this process.
The drawing is made with an etching-needle or any suitable point, upon a glass plate spread with collodion. It is then photographed upon a prepared surface of wax, and from this surface an electrotype is formed in relief, which is printed with the type. By these means the Artists' own work is preserved; and though it may be impossible for this process to rival the delicacy of a good engraving upon wood, yet it can lay claim to an accurate fidelity which can only be equalled by etchings upon copper.
page
ILLUSTRATIONS.
| | ARTIST | PAGE |
| Mark yon old Mansion, frowning thro' the trees | Samuel Palmer | 10 |
| And orphan-sorrows drew the ready tear | J. D. Watson | 11 |
| The tangled wood-walk, and the tufted green | W. S. Coleman | 13 |
| The Gipsy's faggot, there we stood and gaz'd | Alfred Cooper | 15 |
| But hark! thro' those old firs, with sullen swell | E. M. Wimperis | 17 |
| The smoke's blue wreaths ascending with the breeze | W. S. Coleman | 19 |
| The hoary grandsire smiles the hours away | Charles Green | 21 |
| Then did his horse the homeward track descry | Alfred Cooper | 23 |
| When o'er the Hasted heath the day declin'd | E. M. Wimperis | 25 |
| Like yon fair orb, she gilds the brow of Night | E. M. Wimperis | 30 |
| And the bald veteran glowes with wonted fire | J. D. Watson | 35 |
| As the stern grandeur of a Gothic tower | E. M. Wimperis | 37 |
| High on exulting wings the heath-cock rose | J. W. Keyl | 39 |
| And on the moor the shepherd penn'd his fold | E. M. Wimperis | 47 |
| The wild deer, starting thro' the silent glade | J. W. Keyl | 48 |
# The Pleasures of Memory (Rogers)/Analysis 1

THE
PLEASURES OF MEMORY.
ANALYSIS OF THE FIRST PART.
THE Poem begins with the description of an obscure village, and of the pleasing melancholy which it excites on being revisited after a long absence. This mixed sensation is an effect of the Memory. From an effect we naturally ascend to the cause; and the subject proposed is then unfolded with an investigation of the nature and leading principles of this faculty.
It is evident that our ideas flow in continual succession, and introduce each other with a certain degree of regularity.
They are sometimes excited by sensible objects, and sometimes by an internal operation of the mind. Of the former species is most probably the memory of brutes; and its many sources of pleasure to them, as well as to us, are considered in the first part. The latter is the most perfect degree of memory, and forms the subject of the second.
When ideas have any relation whatever, they are attractive of each other in the mind; and the perception of any object naturally leads to the idea of another, which was connected with it either in time or place, or which can be compared or contrasted with it. Hence arises our attachment to inanimate objects; hence also, in some degree, the love of our country, and the emotion with which we contemplate the ​celebrated scenes of antiquity. Hence a picture directs our thoughts to the original; and, as cold and darkness suggest forcibly the ideas of heat and light, he who feels the infirmities of age, dwells most on whatever reminds him of the vigour and vivacity of his youth.
The associating principle, as here employed, is no less conducive to virtue than to happiness; and as such it frequently discovers itself in the most tumultuous scenes of life. It addresses our finer feelings, and gives exercise to every mild and generous propensity.
Not confined to man, it extends through all animated nature; and its effects are peculiarly striking in the domestic tribes.
# The Pleasures of Memory (Rogers)/Analysis 2

THE
PLEASURES OF MEMORY.
ANALYSIS OF THE SECOND PART.
THE Memory has hitherto acted only in subservience to the senses, and so far man is not eminently distinguished from other animals: but with respect to man, she has a higher province; and is often busily employed when excited by no external cause whatever. She preserves for his use the treasures of art and science, history and philosophy. She colours all the prospects of life: for "we can only anticipate the future by concluding what is possible from what is past." On her agency depends every effusion of the Fancy, whose boldest effort can only compound or transpose, augment or diminish the materials which she has collected and retained.
When the first emotions of despair have subsided, and sorrow has softened into melancholy, she amuses with a retrospect of innocent pleasures, and inspires that noble confidence which results from the consciousness of having acted well. When sleep has suspended the organs of sense from their office, she not only supplies the mind with images, but assists in their combination. And even in madness itself, when the soul is resigned over to the tyranny of a distempered imagination, she revives past perceptions, and awakens the train of thought which was formerly most familiar.
​Nor are we pleased only with a review of the brighter passages of life. Events, the most distressing in their immediate consequences, are often cherished in remembrance with a degree of enthusiasm.
But the world and its occupations give a mechanical impulse to the passions, which is not very favourable to the indulgence of this feeling. It is in a calm and well-regulated mind that the Memory is most perfect; and solitude is her best sphere of action. With this sentiment is introduced a Tale illustrative of her influence in solitude, sickness, and sorrow. And the subject having now been considered so far as it relates to man and the animal world, the Poem concludes with a conjecture that superior beings are blest with a nobler exercise of this faculty.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Uhland, Wilhelm Heinrich

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
UHLAND, Wilhelm Heinrich (1840—). A German engineer and writer on technology, born in Nordheim, Württemberg. In 1805 he founded the Technikum Mittweida, the first private institution for the instruction of machinists, and in 1868 organized the Technikum Frankenberg, near Chemnitz. He invented numerous improvements in the manufacture of starch, and contributed other inventions to various industries which have found extensive application throughout the world. He founded and became editor of the periodical Der praktische Maschinen-Constructeur, and wrote: Handbuch für den praktischen Maschinen-Constructeur (1883): Skizzenbuch für den praktischen Maschinen-Constructeur (16 vols., 1867-95); Die Corliss- und Ventildampfmaschinen (1879); Die Telephonanlagen (1881); Dampfmaschinen mit Schiebersteuerung (1881); Die Woolfschen und Compounddampfmaschinen (1882); Die Hebeapparate (1882-83); Das elektrische Licht und die elektriscke Beleuchtung (1884); Die Brotbäckerei, Biskuit- und Teigwarenfabrikation (1885).
# The New International Encyclopædia/United States, Literature of the

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​ UNITED STATES, Literature of the. See American Literature.
# The New International Encyclopædia/United States Christian Commission

Edition of 1905. See also United States Christian Commission on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ UNITED STATES CHRISTIAN COMMISSION. An organization kindred to the United States Sanitary Commission (q.v.), formed during the Civil War in America for the purpose of promoting the spiritual and physical welfare of Federal soldiers and sailors. A convention of Young Men's Christian Association delegates met in New York City in November, 1861, and formally organized the United States Christian Commission of 12 members with George H. Stuart, a Philadelphia philanthropist, as president, and B. F. Manierre, of New York, as secretary. Contributions of money, literature, and supplies were asked for and a generous response was made. The central office of the commission was in Philadelphia, but it had branches in all of the large towns and cities, and its agents followed the armies. Temporary libraries were established, chapels for religious worship were erected at permanent camps, and Christian burial was accorded to the dead, whose graves were suitably marked by agents of the commission. The American Bible and Tract societies gave enormous quantities of their publications to the commission for distribution; the Government furnished free transportation to its agents, and for its supplies, while the telegraph and ​transportation companies furthered its efforts in various ways. The following is a general summary of the work of the commission for the four years of the war: Delegates commissioned, 4859; Bibles and Testaments distributed, 1,466,748; hymn and Psalm books distributed. 1,370,053; knapsack books distributed, 8,308,052; bound library books distributed, 296,816; magazines and pamphlets distributed, 767,861; newspapers distributed, 18,126,002; tracts distributed, 39,104,243; sermons preached and prayer meetings held, 136,152; letters written by delegates, 92,321; cash receipts, $2,524,512; value of stores donated, $2,839,445; value of publications donated, $300,000. Consult Moss, Annals of the United States Christian Commission (Philadelphia, 1868).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Ulema

Edition of 1905. See also Ulama on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
ULEMA, ụl′ā-mä (Ar. ulamā, plural of ālim, learned, from alima, to know). The theologian lawyers of Islam. This religion has no ecclesiastical ministry, as any one of the Faithful may lead a congregation in prayer as Imam. But, inasmuch as theoretically every detail of life is to be guided by the letter of the Koran, along with all the approved traditions and orthodox interpretations, there is the necessity of a class of men learned in the canon law, who may act as the advisers of the Faithful in all these innumerable emergencies. These Ulemas, therefore, correspond most closely to the class of the Scribes or Rabbis in Judaism. The province of the Ulemas is now confined to a limited field in the Turkish Empire. By dictating the details of domestic life, they wield a vast authority over the people, and stand independent of, and often opposed to, the secular Government. They are recruited mostly from the lower classes. The candidates go up to the schools or universities, where the scholar remains three or four years, passing successively through the disciplines of grammar, dogma, and law. He may also pursue logic, rhetoric, etc. The great Mohammedan university is that of Cairo. The order is hierarchically graded. Above the lowest class stand the muftis, who have vast power in making abstract decisions on the law; above these the mollahs (i.e. patrons), who constitute the governing body, having their chief centres at Constantinople and Cairo; and from this body at Cairo is appointed the Grand Mufti, or Sheikh-ul-lslam, the chief spiritual authority in Turkey.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Uhlich, Leberecht

Edition of 1905. See also Leberecht Uhlich on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
UHLICH, ōō'lĭK, Leberecht (1799-1872). One of the founders of the German ‘Free Congregations’ (q.v.). He was born at Köthen, Anhalt, studied at Halle, and served as pastor in various places till 1847, when he withdrew from the Evangelical Church, and thenceforth was preacher of the Free Congregation at Magdeburg. In 1841 he became the leader of the ‘Protestant Friends,’ or ‘Friends of Light.’ His liberal views frequently involved him in difficulties with the authorities. He published Bekenntnisse (4th ed. 1846); Christentum und Kirche (2d ed. 1846); Die Throne im Himmel und auf Erden (1845); Handbüchlein der freien Religion (7th ed. 1889). His autobiography appeared at Gera in 1872.
# The New International Encyclopædia/T’ang

Edition of 1905. See also Tang Dynasty on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
T’ANG, täng. One of the seven most celebrated dynasties of China. It lasted from 618 to 907 and was founded by Li Yuan, a soldier and a descendant of one of the princely houses, who, after a reign of eight years, during which many reforms were introduced, abdicated in favor of his second son, Li Shih-min, the real unifier of the Empire and the most illustrious of the T’ang rulers (627-649). With the twelfth Emperor decay began to set in and in 907 the line came to an end. In 923 a descendant of one of the T’ang emperors established the Posterior T’ang, which came to an end in 936 under its fourth Emperor.
The T’ang is undoubtedly one of the most brilliant periods of Chinese history. The Empire was extended to the Caspian Sea and China itself was divided into fifteen provinces. In 628 a maternal uncle of Mohammed visited China and built the mosque at Canton, and a century and a half later 4000 Mohammedan soldiers, whose descendants now form an important element of the population, settled in the country. Learning and literature were fostered, the Hanlin Yuan (q.v.) had its beginning, and Buddhism, Taoism, and even Nestorian Christianity flourished under Imperial patronage. Paper money was then first used and the Peking Gazette was founded.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Uhde, Fritz von

Edition of 1905. See also Fritz von Uhde on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
UHDE, ōō'de, Fritz von (1848—). A German historical and genre painter, born at Wolkenburg, Saxony. He began his artistic studies at the Dresden Academy in 1866, but, totally at variance with the spirit prevailing there, entered upon a military career and served in the army until 1877, when he took up painting again, at Munich, giving his attention especially to the old Dutch masters. Unsuccessful in his attempts to gain admittance to the studios of either Piloty or Diez, he was induced by Munkácsy in 1879 to remove to Paris, where he worked for a short time in that master's studio, but principally studied from nature and his old Netherland models. A result of these combined influences was the “Family Concert” (1881, Cologne Museum). The new coloristic principles which he in the meanwhile adopted are apparent in the “Arrival of the Organ-Grinder” (1883), and, turning now to religious subjects, he gave full vent to the most uncompromising sobriety in composition in his “Suffer the Little Children to Come unto Me!” (1884, Leipzig Museum). As this scene is depicted as taking place in a poor working man's room, so is also the following subject, “Come, Lord Jesus, and Be Our Guest” (1885, National Gallery, Berlin). He next produced “Christ with the Disciples at Emmaus” (1885, Städel Institute, Frankfort), “The Sermon on the Mount” (1887), the triptych of the “Nativity” (1889, Dresden Gallery), and “The Walk to Bethlehem” (1890, New Pinakothek, Munich), a bold modern conception of the subject. Progressing in his naturalistic conception, Uhde gave rise to a complete change in German art, counting among his followers most of the younger generation. His more recent productions include: “Noli me tangere” (1894, New Pinakothek, Munich). “The Wise Men from the East” (1896, Magdeburg Museum), “The Last Supper” (1897, Stuttgart Museum), “Ascension” (1898, New Pinakothek, Munich), and “Woman, Why Weepest Thou?” (1900, Vienna Museum). Consult the monographs by Lücke (Leipzig, 1887), Graul (Vienna, 1893), Bierbaum (Munich, 1893), Meissner (Berlin, 1900), and Ostini (Bielefeld, 1902).
# The Records of the Federal Convention of 1787/Volume 3/Appendix A/CXXXIX

​ⅭⅩⅩⅩⅨ. A Landholder [Oliver Ellsworth], Ⅰ.
It proves the honesty and patriotism of the gentlemen who composed the general Convention, that they chose to submit their system to the people rather than the legislatures, whose decisions are often influenced by men in the higher departments of government, who have provided well for themselves and dread any change least they should be injured by its operation. I would not wish to exclude from a State Convention those gentlemen who compose the higher branches of the assemblies in the several states, but choose to see them stand on an even floor with their brethren, where the artifice of a small number cannot negative a vast majority of the people.
This danger was foreseen by the Federal Convention, and they have wisely avoided it by appealing directly to the people.
# The Records of the Federal Convention of 1787/Volume 3/Appendix A/CXXVIa

​ⅭⅩⅩⅥa. Pierce Butler to Weedon Butler.
New York, October 8th, 1787.
After four months close Confinement, We closed on the 17th of last month the business Committed to Us. If it meets with the approbation of the States, I shall feel myself fully recompensed for my share of the trouble, and a Summer’s Confinement which injured my health much. …We, in many instances took the Constitution of Britain, when in its purity, for a model, and surely We cou’d not have a better. We tried to avoid what appeared to Us ​the weak parts of Antient as well as Modern Republicks. How well We have succeeded is left for You and other Letterd Men to determine. It is somewhat singular yet so the fact is, that I have never met with any Dutch man who understood the Constitution of his own Country. It is certainly a very complex unwieldy piece of business. I have read different Histories of it with attention, and to this hour I have but a very inadequate idea of it. Pray give me your opinion freely of the One I had some small hand in frameing, after you have read it. In passing judgment on it you must call to mind that we had Clashing Interests to reconcile—some strong prejudices to encounter, for the same spirit that brought settlers to a certain Quarter of this Country is still alive in it. View the system then as resulting from a spirit of Accomodation to different Interests, and not the most perfect one that the Deputies cou’d devise for a Country better adapted for the reception of it than America is at this day, or perhaps ever will be. It is a great Extent of Territory to be under One free Government; the manners and modes of thinking of the Inhabitants, differing nearly as much as in different Nations of Europe. If we can secure tranquillity at Home, and respect from abroad, they will be great points gain’d. We have, as you will see, taken a portion of power from the Individual States, to form a General Government for the whole to preserve the Union. The General Government to Consist of two Branches of Legislature and an Executive to be vested in One person for four years, but elligible again—the first Branch of the Legislature to be elected by the People of the different States, agreeable to a ratio of numbers and wealth, to serve for two years. The Second to Consist of two members from each State, to be appointed by the Legislature of the States to serve for six years. One third to go out every two years, but to be Elligible again if their State thinks proper to appoint them. A Judiciary to be Supreme in all matters relating to the General Government, and Appellate in State Controversies. The powers of the General Government are so defined as not to destroy the Sovereignty of the Individual States. These are the outlines, if I was to be more minute I shou’d tire your patience.
# The Records of the Federal Convention of 1787/Volume 3/Appendix A/CXXVI

​ⅭⅩⅩⅥ. George Mason to George Washington.
Gunston-Hall Octor. 7th. 1787.
I take the Liberty to enclose you my Objections to the new Constitution of Government; which a little Moderation & Temper, in the latter End of the Convention, might have removed. I am however most decidedly of Opinion, that it ought to be submitted to a Convention chosen by the People, for that special Purpose; and shou’d any Attempt be made to prevent the calling such a Convention here, such a Measure shall have every Opposition in my Power to give it. You will readily observe, that my Objections are not numerous (the greater Part of the inclosed paper containing Reasonings upon the probable Effects of the exceptionable Parts) tho’ in my mind, some of them are capital ones.
* ↑ Documentary History of the Constitution, IV, 315.
* ↑ The enclosure consisted of Mason’s well known objections to the Constitution. The paper is practically identical with that printed in the Records of September 15.
# The Records of the Federal Convention of 1787/Volume 3/Appendix A/CXXXIII

​ⅭⅩⅩⅩⅢ. Elbridge Gerry to President of Senate and Speaker of House of Representatives of Massachusetts.
New York, Oct. 18, 1787.
Gentlemen,
I have the honour to inclose, pursuant to my commission, the constitution proposed by the federal convention.
To this system I gave my dissent, and shall submit my objections to the honourable legislature.
It was painful for me, on a subject of such national importance, to differ from the respectable members who signed the constitution: But conceiving as I did, that the liberties of America were not secured by the system, it was my duty to oppose it.
My principal objections to the plan, are, that there is no adequate provision for a representation of the people—that they have no security for the right of election—that some of the powers of the legislature are ambiguous, and others indefinite and dangerous—that the executive is blended with, and will have an undue influence over, the legislature—that the judicial department will be oppressive—that treaties of the highest importance may be formed by the president with the advice of two-thirds of a quorum of the senate—and that the system is without the security of a bill of rights. These are objections which are not local, but apply equally to all the states.
As the convention was called for “the sole and express purpose ​of revising the articles of confederation, and reporting to congress, and the several legislatures, such alterations and provisions as shall render the federal constitution adequate to the exigencies of government, and the preservation of the union,” I did not conceive that these powers extend to the formation of the plan proposed: but the convention being of a different opinion, I acquiesced in it, being fully convinced that to preserve the union, an efficient government was indispensably necessary; and that it would be difficult to make proper amendments to the articles of confederation.
The constitution proposed has few if any federal features; but is rather a system of national government. Nevertheless, in many respects, I think it has great merit, and, by proper amendments, may be adapted to the “exigencies of government, and preservation of liberty.”
* ↑ Carey’s American Museum, Ⅱ, 435–436.
* ↑ A reply to Gerry’s “Objections” will be found in C.R. King, Life and Correspondence of Rufus King, I, 303–306. An extract is printed in ⅭⅬⅩⅩⅩⅢ below.
# The Records of the Federal Convention of 1787/Volume 3/Appendix A/CXXXII

​ⅭⅩⅩⅩⅡ. George Washington to Doctor Stuart.
Mount Vernon October 17th. 1787
As the enclosed advertiser contains a speech of Mr. Wilson’s (as able, candid and honest a member as in Convention) which will place the most of—M.—objections in their true point of light, I send it to you—the republication will (if you can get it done) be Serviceable at this Juncture. His ipso facto objection does not, I believe require any answer, every mind must recoil at the idea—and with respect to the navigation act. I am mistaken if any men, bodies of men or Countries, will enter into any compact or treaty, if one of the three is to have a negative controul over the other two, but granting that it is an evil it will infallibly work its own cure.—there must be reciprocity or no Union. which of the two is preferable, will not become a question in the mind of any true patriot.
* ↑ Documentary History of the Constitution, Ⅳ, 333.
* ↑ For extracts from this speech, see ⅭⅩⅩⅤ above.