OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New Student's Reference Work/Vol II:15

| Greenwich — Guadeloupe | Guam — Guncotton | Gunnery — Gyroscope |
| Greenwich Greenwich Observatory Gregory Gregory I Gregory VII Grenfell, George Grenfell, Wilfrid T. Gresham, Walter Quinton Gretna Green Greuze, Jean Baptiste Grevy, François Paul Jules Grey, Albert Henry George, Fourth Earl Grey, Lady Jane Greyhound Grimm, Jacob Ludwig Karl Griqualand, East Grisi, Giulia Gristle Grosbeaks Grote, George Grouchy, Emanuel, Marquis de Grouse Growth Guadalajara Guadalquivir Guadeloupe | Guam Guanajuato Guano and Guano Islands Guantanamo Bay Guasimas, Las, Cuba Guatemala Guayaquil Guelph Guelphs and Ghibellines Guiana Guido Aretinus Guild Guillotine Guinea-Fowl Guinea, French Guinea, Gulf of Guinea-Pig Guiscard, Robert Guise, Henry, Duke Guitar Guizot, François Pierre Guillaume Gulf Stream Gull Gun Gunboat Guncotton | Gunnery Gunpowder Gunpowder Plot Gunsaulus, Frank Wakeley Gustavus I Gustavus II Gustavus V Gutenberg, Johannes Guthrie, Okla. Gutta-Percha Guyot, Arnold Gwailior Gymnasium and Gymnastics Gymnosperms Gypsies Gypsum Gyroscope |
# The New Student's Reference Work/Vol II:20

| Huntington, W. Va. — Hydrophytes | Hydrotropism — Hysteresis |
| Huntington, W. Va. Huntsville, Ala. Hunyady, Janos Huron, Lake Hurons Hurst, John Fletcher Huss, John Hutchinson, Anne Hutchinson Hutton, Maurice Huxley, Thomas Henry Huygens, Christian Hyacinth Hyacinthe, Pére Hyperabad Hyder Ali Hyde Park Hyde Park, Mass. Hydra Hydraulic Engines Hydrochloric Acid Hydrocyanic Acid Hydrogen Hydrometer Hydrophytes | Hydrotropism Hydrozoa Hyena Hygiene Hygrometer Hyksos Hymettus Hypatia Hypha Hypnotism Hypocotyl Hypodermis Hypogenous Flowers Hysteresis |
# The New International Encyclopædia/Sāṁkhya

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​SĀṀKHYA. A system of Hindu philosophy. See Sānkhyā.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Sītā

Edition of 1905. See also Sita on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ SĪTĀ, sē′tȧ (Skt., furrow). In the Sanskrit epic of the Rāmāyana (q.v.), the daughter of Janaka, a king of Mithila, and the wife of Rama. She seems to have been originally an earth goddess, as Sita, ‘the furrow,’ is besought in the Rig and Atharva Vedas (see Vedas) to yield fertility to the worshiper. In the later Hindu accounts she is said to have arisen from a furrow when her father was plowing the ground.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Synagogue, The Great

Edition of 1905. See also Great Assembly on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
SYNAGOGUE, The Great (Heb. hakkeneseth haggēdōlāh). An alleged assembly or synod, said to have been founded and presided over by Ezra and to have controlled the national and religious fortunes of the Jews after the return from Babylon, c.450-200 B.C. Its membership is generally given as 120, but sometimes as 80. The palpable chronological discrepancies that occur in the early accounts about this synod, together with other doubtful points, have led modern scholars to deny its existence. It is not mentioned by Josephus or the Apocrypha and is only twice referred to in the Mishna (Pirke Aboth I., 1 and 2). Even according to the Talmudical notices the ‘great synagogue’ continued only for a single generation. According to these notices the men of the great synagogue secured the acceptance of certain books of the Old Testament (Proverbs, Canticles, Ecclesiastes); they promoted the work of copying the Torah, devoted themselves to the perfection of a daily ritual, and introduced certain changes into the Old Testament text in order to avoid misunderstandings. The notion that they collected the books of the Old Testament and fixed the canon had no authority in the Talmud, and indeed does not arise till the sixteenth century. Kuenen has traced the origin of the name to the ‘great assembly’ which is described in Nehemiah viii.-x.
This assembly was of a popular character, and no doubt marked an epoch in the history of post-exilic Judaism. An uncritical age made of this ‘assembly’ a permanent institution and attributed to it the various steps taken in the natural unfolding of that phase of Rabbinical Judaism which came to a temporary close when the canon of the Old Testament was definitely established. While some scholars (notably D. Hoffmann of Berlin) still cling to the traditional view, Kuenen's results have been accepted by the great majority. Consult his essay in Gesammelte Abhandlungen, pp. 125-160 (Freiburg, 1894); Hoffmann's reply will be found in the Magazin für die Wissenschaft des Judenthums, vol. x. (1883), pp. 45-63. See also L. Krauss, “The Great Synod,” in the Jewish Quarterly Review, vol. x. (1898), pp. 347-377.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Tacloban

Edition of 1905. See also Tacloban on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ TACLOBAN, tăk-lō̇-bȧn′. Capital of the Province of Leyte (q.v.), Philippine Islands, in latitude 11° 15′ N. and longitude 124° 59′ 30″ E. The town, which is on the eastern coast, is well built and has an important trade. The port is well protected and has four different wharves. Population, about 11,000.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Sybel, Heinrich von

Edition of 1905. See also Heinrich von Sybel on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
SYBEL, zḗ'bĕl, Heinrich von (1817-95). A German historian, born at Düsseldorf, December 2, 1817. He studied four years at Berlin and at Bonn, and in 1841 published his first work, the Geschichte des ersten Kreuzzugs. In 1844 he was made professor extraordinary at Bonn and two years later went to Marburg as professor in ordinary. It was there that he wrote his Geschichte der Revolutionszeit von 1789 bis 1795 (1853-58), the most important of his works with one exception. In 1856 he became professor at Munich, where he instituted the historical commission of the Royal Bavarian Academy and founded the Historische Zeitschrift, and in 1861 was appointed professor at Bonn. He was made director of Prussian archives in 1875 and thus had access to the most valuable material for his chief work, Die Begründung des deutschen Reichs (Munich, 1889-94; trans. by Perrin, New York, 1890-97). Sybel was from 1862 to 1864 and from 1874 to 1880 a member of the Prussian Diet, and in 1867 was elected to the Constituent Reichstag of the North German Confederation. He died at Marburg, August 1, 1895. — His son Ludwig (1846—) is an archæologist, professor at Marburg since 1877, and author of: Die Mythologie der Ilias (1877); Kritik des ägyptischen Ornaments (1883); Weltgeschichte der Kunst im Altertum (2d ed. 1902), and others.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Sá de Miranda

Edition of 1905. See also Francisco de Sá de Miranda on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​SÁ DE MIRANDA, sā dā̇ mē̇-rändȧ, Francisco de (c.1495–1558). A Portuguese poet, who wrote in Spanish also. He was born in Coimbra, studied law at Lisbon, traveled in Spain and Italy, and gave up all chance of advancement at Court or on the bench to devote himself to poetry. Save for a few of his pastorals, all his work bears the impress of the Italian school, and he is ranked first of the 'Petrarchists' in Spain and Portugal. Of his eight eclogues, six are in Spanish, and only two in Portuguese. As an innovator in the drama he was unsuccessful, his plays arousing no popular interest. His complete works, published first at Lisbon in 1595, were often reprinted; the best edition is that of 1885 at Halle, with biography by Karoline Michaelis-Vasconcellos.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Ta-lien-wan

Edition of 1905. See also Korea Bay on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ TA-LIEN-WAN, tä′lēn′wän′. A bay on the eastern coast of the Liao-tung Peninsula in Manchuria (Map: China, F 4). It is roomy and protected at the entrance by two islets. It is ice-free throughout the year. At its head lies the new Russian port Dalny (q.v.). Ta-lien-wan with the surrounding territory was leased to Russia in 1898.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Taborites

Edition of 1905. See also Taborite on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
TABORITES. The most radical party of the Hussites in Bohemia. They derived their name from their fortress of Tabor, near the river Lužnič. They asserted the right of individual judgment, rejected all ordinances of the Church not expressly appointed in the Bible, and had democratic tendencies. Their leaders were John Ziska (q.v.), Nicholas of Pistna (Husinec), Procopius the Great, and Procopius the Lesser. (See Procopius, Andrew.) At first, in the face of common danger, all parties of the Hussites held together and inflicted repeated defeats upon the Imperial troops. After the Calixtines (q.v.) had made terms with Sigismund and the Church
(1433), the Taborites continued the war, but were overthrown in the battle of Böhmischbrod, May 30, 1434. The remnant of them was absorbed in the Bohemian Brethren (q.v.). See Hussites.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Tackleton, Mr.

Edition of 1905. See also The Cricket on the Hearth on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ TACKLETON, Mr. A toy-maker with a virulent dislike of toys and children, in Dickens's Cricket on the Hearth.
# The Philippine Islands, 1493–1898/Volume 7

THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS
1493–1898
The PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 1493–1898
Explorations by Early Navigators, Descriptions of the Islands and their Peoples, their History and Records of the Catholic Missions, as related in contemporaneous Books and Manuscripts, showing the Political, Economic, Commercial and Religious Conditions of those Islands from their earliest relations with European Nations to the close of the Nineteenth Century
TRANSLATED FROM THE ORIGINALS
Edited and annotated by Emma Helen Blair and James Alexander Robertson, with historical introduction and additional notes by Edward Gaylord Bourne. With maps, portraits and other illustrations
Volume VII—1588–1591
The Arthur H. Clark Company Cleveland, Ohio MCMIII
COPYRIGHT 1903 THE ARTHUR H. CLARK COMPANY ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
CONTENTS OF VOLUME VII
ILLUSTRATIONS
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# The Philippine Islands, 1493–1898/Volume 7/Bibliographical Data

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DATA
Relation of 1586-88.—The text of this document is obtained from Cartas de Indias, pp. 637-652; but the location of the original MS. is not indicated by the editor of that work.
Decree of August 9, 1589.—This is obtained from the "Cedulario Indico" in the Archivo Historico Nacional, Madrid; its pressmark is: "Tomo 7, f° 301, no 449."
Customs of the Tagalogs.—This is one of the appendices to Santa Inés's Crónica; see vol. ii, pp. 592-603.
The Chinese and the Parián.—This is translated from Retana's Archivo del bibliófilo filipino, iii, pp. 47-80.
All the remaining documents presented in this volume, are obtained from the Archivo general de Indias, Sevilla, and are translated either from the originals or from transcripts thereof; the pressmark of each is indicated as follows:
1. Letter by Vera (1588).—"Simancas—Secular; Audiencia de Filipinas; cartas y expedientes del gobernador de Filipinas, vistas en el Consejo; años 1567 á 1599; est. 67, caj. 6, leg. 6."
2. Letter by Salazar (1588).—"Simancas—Eclesiastico; Audiencia de Filipinas; cartas y espedientes ​del arzobispo de Manila vistos en el Consejo; años de 1579 á 1599; est. 68, caj. i, leg. 32."
3. Letter by viceroy of India.—"Simancas—Secular; Audiencia de Filipinas; cartas y expedientes del presidente y oidores de esta Audiencia vistos en el Consejo; años 1583 á 1599; est. 67, caj. 6, leg. 18."
4. Letter by Vera (1589).—The same as No. 3.
5. Conspiracy against the Spaniards.—The same as No. 3.
6. Letter by Ayala—The same as No. 3.
7. Instructions to Dasmariñas.—"Simancas—Secular; Audiencia de Filipinas; registros de oficio y partes; reales ordenes dirigidas a las autoridades y particulares del distrito de la Audiencia; años 1568 á 1605; est. 105, caj. 2, leg ii, lib. i, fol. 171b-195a, part 2."
8. Letter from Portugal.—The same as No. 3.
9. Grant to Salazar.—"Simancas—Audiencia de Filipinas; consultas originales correspondientes á dha Audiencia desde el año 1586 á 1636; est. 67, caj. 6, leg. 1."
10. Letter by Audiencia.—The same as No. 3.
11. Letter by Salazar (1590).—The same as No. 2.
12. Decree of July 23, 1590.—The same as No. 3.
13. Collection of tributes (1591).—The same as No. 2.
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# The Philippine Islands, 1493–1898/Volume 6/Two decrees

TWO ROYAL DECREES REGARDING THE RELIGIOUS
THE AUDIENCIA TO AID THE FRANCISCANS
The King: To the president and auditors of our royal Audiencia, established at our order in the island of Luzón in the Filipinas islands. To those islands have gone recently descalced religious of the order of St. Francis to preach the holy gospel, and to engage in the instruction and conversion of the natives therein; and more will go thither regularly, both from these kingdoms and from Nueva España. Now because we hope that, by means of their instruction and example, much fruit will be gathered among those natives, therefore we desire—a thing befitting the service of God, our Lord—that they be aided, and held in all estimation, so that with more energy and fervor they may continue their good purpose; and we order you that, as far as you are concerned, you aid them to the utmost of your ability, and extend to them all possible protection, whenever occasion offers, as their exemplary life merits. San Lorenzo, June twenty-one, one thousand five hundred and eighty-three.
I the King
Countersigned by Antonio de Eraso, and approved by the members of the council.
LEGAZPI'S AID TO THE RELIGIOUS APPROVED
The King: To Doctor Santiago de Vera, president of our royal Audiencia established in the city of Manila, in the Filipinas islands; or, in his absence, to the person or persons to whom the government of the islands has been entrusted. Father Andres de Aguirre, of the order of St. Augustine, has reported that the adelantado Miguel Lopez de Legaspe gave orders in my name to pay, as a gratuity for the support of each of the religious who were engaged in the conversion and instruction of the natives of those islands, one hundred pesos of Tepusque and one hundred fanégas of rice. Thus the religious have been aided, although in later years the judges and officials of my royal exchequer have paid this gratuity with some reluctance, alleging that for such payments my orders must be produced. The matter having been examined by my Council of the Indias, it was agreed that I should issue this my decree, by which I command you to provide for giving the aforesaid gratuity to the said religious, as above stated. This decree is to be executed without fail.
I, the King
By order of his Majesty:
Antonio de Eraso
Aranjuez, April 24, 1584.
Layout 2
# The New Student's Reference Work/Bleak House

See also Bleak House on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Bleak House, a novel written by Charles Dickens during 1852-3. This novel ​was in part a satire on the long delays of the Court of Chancery; but the story itself is a great favorite. It has been said that the dreary residence from which the name of the book is taken was suggested to the author by a residence at Broadstairs, Kent, where Dickens lived in summer.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Blenheim

See also Battle of Blenheim on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Blenheim (blĕn′īm), a village of Bavaria, 23 miles northwest of Augsburg, famous as the scene of the Duke of Marlborough's great victory over the French and Bavarians, Aug. 13, 1704. The two armies numbered about 50,000 on either side. The French and Bavarians lay in a strong position, and the attack was made by the English and Austrians, with their allies, headed by the Duke of Marlborough, the great English general, and Prince Eugene. The onset was long resisted, until Marlborough, by two desperate charges, which he led in person, broke the enemy's line and decided the day. Of the defeated army only 20,000 escaped. Twelve thousand were killed and 14,000 captured. The battle is also called the battle of Höchstadt, from the name of another small village near by. Near Blenheim, also, the French defeated the Austrians in 1800.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Blockade

See also Blockade on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Blockade, in naval warfare is the shutting up of a port of a country, cutting off communication with the outside world. It is effected by stationing sufficient numbers of ships off the ports to make entrance impracticable. Neutral powers, because the interference with their commerce injures them, must be fully notified of the blockade by the state that attempts it. Then endeavors to deal with the ports blockaded become contrary to the law of nations, and attempts to trade with such ports render ships and cargoes liable to confiscation. But if blockades are to be binding on neutrals, they must not merely be blockades on paper or blockades by proclamation. They must also be physically effective. Among famous blockades are that of the European coast from Denmark to Italy in 1807-8, when Napoleon was fighting England; the Crimea in 1854-6 by England, France and Sardinia; the coast of the Confederate States by the Federal Government during 1861-5; Cuba by America in 1898; and Venezuela by Britain, Germany and Italy in 1903.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Blind Fishes

See also Blind fish on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Blind Fishes. The caves of the United States are inhabited by six species of fish with imperfect eyes. Five of them have rudimentary eyes, and in one the eyes are very degenerate. They belong to the family Amblyopsidæ. They are small fishes related to minnows. Their senses of hearing and touch are highly developed and enable them to capture prey. The formation of these blind animals is an interesting problem. They respond negatively to the stimulation of light, and doubtless they sought the caves voluntarily instead of being carried in by accident. There are also blind fishes in the depths of the ocean and in dark places along the shores. See Eigenmann in the Pop. Science Monthly, vols. LVI and LVII, 1900.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Block System

See also Signalling block system on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Block System, a system of signals at intervals along a line of railroad, intended to decrease the danger of accident. The system of telegraphing the arrival of a train from station to station, used in England as early as 1839, may be quoted as its origin. It was first introduced into the U. S. in 1876 by the Pennsylvania railroad. In general the block system divides a line into sections, upon each of which only one train is admitted at a time. The system of giving staffs, a staff being given to a train by a station-master only when one has been returned by the train previously upon that section, is a variety of block system which is adapted only to single lines. The serious accidents which occur upon American railroads have led to an agitation for the compulsory use of the block system, which is universal in England but not in America. To keep the sections clear for any one train it adds the additional safeguard of an interval of space to the universal practice of an interval of time between trains. The expense of the block system is sometimes lessened by automatic devices for block signals which minimize the direct manipulation of levers by signalmen.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Bloemfontein

See also Bloemfontein on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Bloemfontein (blo͝om′fŏn-tĭn′), capital of the late Orange Free State (now the Orange River Colony), in South Africa. Here, before the outbreak of the Boer War of 1899-1901, was held the conference between President Kruger of the late Transvaal Republic, and the British High Commissioner of South Africa, Sir Alfred (now Lord) Milner. The conference met May 30, but separated June 5, 1899, without having come to any agreement. The State joined the burgher republic of the Transvaal in the war with Britain, and the capital (Bloemfontein) was entered and occupied by the British under Lord Roberts, March 13, 1900. The population is 33,900, of which more than 15,000 are whites and the rest natives.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Blennerhassett, Harman

See also Harman Blennerhassett on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Blennerhas′sett, Harman, known in connection with Aaron Burr's conspiracy, was born in England about 1764. He was of an Irish family, but, becoming dissatisfied with Ireland, sold his Irish estates for a sum exceeding $100,000 and came to America. He bought an island of 170 acres in the Ohio River near Parkersburg, W. Va., and built on it a fine mansion and adorned his home with all the comforts and refinements which culture could suggest and wealth supply. Many visitors enjoyed his hospitality, and among them Aaron Burr, still bitter because of his political defeat. He filled Blennerhassett's mind with plans of forming an empire in Mexico, for which he made extensive preparations. When Burr was arrested and brought to trial, Blennerhassett was arrested, but on the acquittal of Burr, he was released. His fine property was sold to creditors, and his later life was clouded and unhappy. He died on the Island of Guernsey in 1831.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Bloodroot

See also Bloodroot on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Bloodroot, a wild-flower belonging to the poppy family, of much beauty in the open but quickly perishing when plucked. It is sometimes called Indian Paint, also Red Puccoon. It gets its name from the orange-red juice that fills its thick root-stock. This juice, to be obtained from all parts of the plant and which stains the hands in picking, was highly valued by the Indian and the pioneer mother; the former borrowed it for his war paint, the latter dripped it on sugar and gave it as remedy in cases of colds. The Indians to-day use the juice to dye baskets, quills and moose hair, and use it, too, as a medicine. The white man also appreciates its medicinal properties. Bloodroot is widely distributed from Maine to Florida and west to Nebraska. The blossom grows on a naked stem, and there is a single, large round leaf, which encloses the bud, unfolds and grows with the flower. There are numerous stamens, offering much pollen to visiting insects. At night the blossom closes.
# The Painter's Love

* From The Literary gazette, December 1822
* From The Improvisatrice; and Other Poems (1824)
# The Painter (L. E. L.)

* The Painter, a poetic sketch from the Literary Gazette, 15th November 1823.
* The Painter from The Vow of the Peacock and Other Poems, 1835.
# The Palace of Art

* "The Palace of Art", in Poems (1833)
* "The Palace of Art", in Poems (1843)