OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Dawson, Robert Kearsley

​DAWSON, ROBERT KEARSLEY (1798–1861), lieutenant-colonel royal engineers, son of Robert Dawson (1776–1860) [q. v.], was educated at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, and obtained his first commission in the royal engineers in 1818. He was employed under Captain (afterwards General) Colby [q. v.] on the Scotch and Irish surveys. He superintended the preparation of the plans of cities and boroughs issued by government about the time of the introduction of the first Reform Bill, and which are entered under the name of ‘R. K. Dawson’ in ‘British Museum Catalogue of Printed Books.’ He was attached to the Tithe Commutation Commission from its first formation, and was afterwards appointed an assistant-commissioner and head of the survey department of the Commons Enclosure and Copyhold Commission. For his services in this capacity he was made C.B., civil division (Feb. 1836). He died at Blackheath 28 March 1861.
[War Office Records; Times, 1 April 1861.]
H. M. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Dawson, Thomas

​DAWSON, THOMAS, M.D. (1725?–1782), physician, born about 1725, was the son of Eli Dawson, a dissenter, whose father was one of the ejected ministers of 1662. He himself began life as the minister of a congregation at the Gravel Pit Meeting-house in Hackney, but preferring the practice of physic, he gave up the pulpit, went to ​gow College 1749, and graduated M.D. at the latter 8 June 1753. He soon after began practice in London, occasionally going round the wards of Guy's Hospital. One day he found a Miss Corbet, a patient of his, sitting in her room gazing at the seventh verse of the twelfth chapter of the second book of Samuel, and taking the words on which her eyes were fixed, ‘Thou art the man,’ to express a wish which she had perhaps suggested less directly before, made her an offer of marriage and became her husband 29 May 1758 (Nichols, Literary Anecdotes, ix. 694). He was elected physician to the Middlesex Hospital 1 Feb. 1759, but only held office for two years. On 22 Dec. 1762 he was admitted a licentiate of the College of Physicians of London. Two years later (3 Oct.) he was elected physician to the London Hospital, and continued there till 5 Sept. 1770 (Calendar of the London Hospital, 1886). He used to see patients at Batson's coffee-house in Cornhill, and in 1774 published ‘Cases in the Acute Rheumatism and the Gout, with cursory Remarks and the Method of Treatment.’ The cases are not sufficiently numerous to prove the efficiency of the treatment, which consists in giving half-ounce doses of tincture of guaiacum during the painful stage of both rheumatic fever and gout. Brocklesby had previously made some experiments in the same direction, and it was no doubt suggested by the then fashionable use of guaiacum in chronic rheumatism. Dawson's method has not stood the test of time, and is now forgotten in practice. His only other work is ‘An Account of a Safe and Efficient Remedy for Sore Eyes and Eyelids,’ London, 1782. He died 29 April 1782.
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Dawson, James

​DAWSON, JAMES (1717?–1746), Jacobite, was one of the eight officers belonging to the Manchester regiment of volunteers, in the service of the Young Chevalier, who were hanged, drawn, and quartered on Kennington Common, 30 July 1746. The eldest of the four children of William Dawson, apothecary of Manchester, by his first wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Allen of Redivales in Bury, Lancashire, and a first cousin of John Byrom [q. v.], he was born at Salford in or about 1717, and educated there under the care of a Mr. Clayton. Being intended for the church, he was admitted a pensioner of St. John's College, Cambridge, on 21 Oct. 1737, at the age of twenty, and matriculated in the following December. But ‘soon getting acquainted with the young rakes of the university, he run all manner of lengths with them, 'till at last, for various misdemeanours, he was expell'd, or rather not waiting for the sentence of expulsion, which he was conscious to himself he had incurr'd, and would certainly be pronounced against him, he ran away from his college.’ There is, however, nothing to show that he had ever been subjected to any punishment for irregularity in the university court held by the vice-chancellor. ‘Being sensible he should not be received by his father, & the young Pretender coming with his army to Manchester about the same time, he join'd himself to that party. Being of a bold and daring spirit, and of a good family, the young Pretender gave him a captain's commission. He was so hearty in the cause, that he beat up for voluntiers himself, and took abundance of pains to prevail on the young fellows in Manchester to enlist. In all their marches he appeared at the head of his company, and when the young Pretender made a general review of his army at Macclesfield, he passed before him with the usual formalities. He likewise at Carlisle, mounted guard there, and was called captain, and was among the rest of the officers at the surrender of the town.’ He was tried and convicted of high treason on 17 July 1746. Had he been pardoned, the day of his enlargement (so runs the tale) was to have been that of his marriage. His betrothed, Katherine Norton, ‘a young lady of good family and handsome fortune,’ followed him to the place of execution accompanied by a gentleman nearly related to her and one female friend. ‘She got near enough,’ as stated in a letter written the day after, ‘to see the fire kindled which was to consume that heart she knew so much devoted to her, and all the other dreadful preparations for his fate, without being guilty of any of those extravagancies which her friends had apprehended. But when all was over, and that she found he was no more, she drew her head back into the coach, and crying out, “My dear, I follow thee—I follow thee! Sweet Jesus, receive both our souls together,” fell on the neck of her companion, and expired in the very moment she was speaking’ (Howell, State Trials, xviii. 374–5). The incident has been made the subject of a well-known ballad by Shenstone.
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Dawson, William

​DAWSON, WILLIAM (1773–1841), Wesleyan, was born at Garforth, near Leeds, on 30 March 1773, being the eldest child of Luke Dawson and his wife Ann Pease. His father was colliery steward to Sir Thomas Gascoigne, bart., of Gawthorpe, for twenty-one years. On his father's death in 1791 William, who was then eighteen, succeeded to this post, which included the management of a farm of a hundred and fifty acres. William, whose parents removed to Barnbow, near Barwick, in his infancy, was educated at the school of Mr. Sanderson at Aberford. He acquired an early taste for reading, and was noticed by Thomas Dikes and John Graham, successively rectors of Barwick. At the request of the latter he conducted a cottage service at Barwick. Graham and other friends wished to send him to Cambridge with a view to his taking orders in the established church. Family and financial reasons put a stop to this plan. Meanwhile he heard several eminent Wesleyan ministers, and after long reflection joined the Wesleyan body and became an accredited lay preacher among them. His popularity steadily increased until he became famous as the eloquent ‘Yorkshire farmer.’ An itinerant preachership was offered him, but his mother and seven young children were dependent upon his income as steward and farmer, and he declined the offer. He possessed a robust frame and irrepressible energy. While labouring hard as a colliery superintendent and a practical farmer he developed remarkable dramatic power, and on the platform and in the pulpit his natural oratory exercised a singular charm, often moving his audiences to laughter or to tears. He took a personal interest in all great public questions, which he turned to account in his addresses, and advocated especially the shortening of the hours of labour in factories.
In September 1837 he was enabled to give himself entirely to public work, and henceforth his whole time was occupied in the opening of chapels, the preaching of anniversary sermons, the advocacy of christian missions among the heathen, and other charitable objects. From Burmantofts, Leeds, where he now lived, he made preaching tours through the three kingdoms. While at Colne, Lancashire, where he had gone to open a new chapel, he died suddenly on Sunday morning, 4 July 1841.
W. B. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Dawson, Robert (1776-1860)

​DAWSON, ROBERT (1776–1860), topographical artist, became an assistant draughtsman on the ordnance survey of Great Britain in 1794 at a salary of 54l. a year, and eight years later, on the formation of the late royal military surveyors and draughtsmen—a corps of warrant officers under the ordnance, with headquarters in the Tower of London—was appointed a first-class draughtsman therein. His talents and energy much contributed to bring the sketching and shading of ordnance plans to the degree of perfection afterwards attained (Frome, Trig. Surveying, edited by Captain (now Sir Charles) Warren, 1873, p. 137). Some of Dawson's topographical drawings of Welsh mountains, in which the physical characters are brought out and defined by the artistic employment of oblique light, are perhaps the finest specimens of orography of their kind ever produced. Dawson was employed in giving instructions in the then neglected art of topographical drawing to the young officers of royal engineers who were attached to the ordnance survey for the purpose, and to the officers of the permanent staff of the quartermaster-general's department on its first formation, and those of the senior department, Royal Military College. He was selected by General Mudge for like duties at the East India Company's Military Seminary at Addiscombe on its formation in 1810. He was afterwards pensioned by the board of ordnance, and died at Woodleigh rectory, Devonshire, on 22 June 1860.
[War Office Recs.; Gent. Mag. 3rd ser. ix. 213.]
H. M. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cade, Salusbury

1904 Errata appended.
​CADE, SALUSBURY, M.D. (1660?–1720), physician, born in Kent about 1660, was educated as a foundation scholar at Lewisham grammar school. He was of Trinity College, Oxford, and graduated M.D. in 1691, having been admitted a licentiate of the College of Physicians three years previously. He was elected a fellow in 1694, and was twice censor. He was appointed physician to St. Bartholomew's Hospital on 14 Oct. 1708, and held the office till his death, on 22 Dec. 1720. He lived at Greenwich till he obtained this appointment, and thenceforward in the Old Bailey. A Latin letter of Cade's, dated 8 Sept. 1716, on the treatment of small-pox, is printed in Robert Freind's folio edition of Dr. John Freind's ‘Works’ (London, 1733). It shows him to have had a large experience of the disease. He makes the interesting observation that he had never known a case of hæmaturia in small-pox survive the sixteenth day from the eruption, and his remarks on treatment are enlightened. His name is met with as giving official sanction to books published during his censorship, and in the ‘Pharmacopœia Pauperum’ of 1718 a prescription of his for a powder to be taken internally for skin diseases is preserved. It was called Pulvis Æthiopicus, and consisted of one part of æthiopic mineral to two of crude antimony.
N. M.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.48 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cadell, Jessie

​CADELL, JESSIE (1844–1884), novelist and orientalist, was born in Scotland 23 Aug. 1844, and at an early age accompanied her husband, an officer in the army, to India. She resided chiefly at Peshawur, and embodied her observations of frontier life in a pleasing novel, ‘Ida Craven’ (1876). One of the principal characters in this work, a loyal Mahommedan officer, is drawn from personal observation, and is an instructive as well as an interesting study. To while away the tedium of cantonment life, Mrs. Cadell made herself mistress of Persian, and upon her return to England after the death of her husband devoted herself especially to the study of Omar Khayyam, the astronomer-poet of Persia. Without seeking to compete with Mr. Fitzgerald's splendid paraphrase in its own line, Mrs. Cadell contemplated a complete edition and a more accurate translation. She visited numerous public libraries in quest of manuscripts, and embodied a portion ​of her researches in an article in 'Fraser's Magazine' for May 1879, on which Bodenstedt, when publishing his own German translation, bestowed the highest praise, without any idea that he was criticising the production of a female writer. It is to be hoped that her collections may yet be made serviceable. She was prevented from carrying out her intention by the decline of her health, and she died at Florence on 17 June 1884. 'She was,' the 'Athenæum' truly said, 'a brave, frank, true woman, bright and animated in the midst of sickness and trouble, disinterestedly attached to whatever was good and excellent, a devoted mother, a staunch and sympathising friend.'
[Athenæum, 28 June 1884; private information.]
R. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cade, Laurence

​CADE or CADDY, LAURENCE (fl. 1583), a catholic seminarist, was a gentleman of a good family, and received his education at Trinity College, Cambridge, but does not appear to have graduated. On becoming a Roman catholic he went abroad, and was admitted into the English College of Douay on 11 June 1578. Soon after his return to England he was apprehended, and being unwilling to answer such questions as were put to him, he was committed to the Tower. His relatives and friends brought him back to the church of England, and in 1581 he recanted at St. Paul's Cross and regained his liberty, but before long he returned to the catholic religion, and in April 1583 he was preparing himself for admission among the Carmelites at Paris. The ‘Palinodia’ which he published at this period is printed in Bridgewater's ‘Concertatio Ecclesiæ Catholicæ in Anglia.’ Dodd states that he ‘was very instrumental in moderating the fury of John Nicols, who, having also been a student at Rome, had prevaricated, and not only published several scandalous libels against the catholics abroad, but was contriving to do that party all the mischief he could by turning priest-catcher.’
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cadell, William Archibald

​CADELL, WILLIAM ARCHIBALD (1775–1855), traveller and mathematician, was the eldest son of William Cadell, the original managing partner and one of the founders of the Carron ironworks, by his wife Katherine, daughter of Archibald Inglis of Auchendinny in Midlothian. He was born at his father's residence, Carron Park, near Falkirk, on 27 June 1775, and, after receiving his education at Edinburgh University, became, about 1798, a member of the Scottish bar. He did not practise, being possessed of private means and of the estate of Banton in Stirlingshire, but spent his time in scientific and antiquarian research at home and abroad. His acquirements won him the friendship of Sir Joseph Banks, at whose instance Cadell was elected a fellow of the Royal Society on 28 June 1810. He was also a fellow of the Geological Society, a member of the now defunct Wernerian Natural History Society of Edinburgh, and a fellow of the Royal Society of the same city. To the ‘Transactions’ of the latter he contributed a paper ‘On the Lines that divide each Semidiurnal Arc into Six Equal ​Parts' (viii. i. 61-81); in the 'Annals of Philosophy' (iii. 351-3) he wrote an 'Account of an Arithmetical Machine lately discovered in the College Library of Edinburgh.' While travelling on the continent during the war with France he was taken prisoner, and only escaped after a detention of several years by feigning to be a Frenchman, a feat which his very perfect knowledge of the language enabled him to accomplish successfully. On his return he gave some account of his wanderings in 'A Journey in Carniola, Italy, and France in the years 1817, 1818,' 2 vols. 8vo, Edinburgh, 1820, which, although somewhat dry in treatment, is to be commended for its scrupulous accuracy. Cadell died unmarried at Edinburgh on 19 Feb. 1866.
[Information from Mr. H. Cadell.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cadell (d.909)

​CADELL (d. 909), king of Ceredigion and afterwards of Powys, was one of the six warlike sons of Rhodri Mawr, the most powerful of the early Welsh kings. If we can trust a late authority, he was Rhodri's eldest son, and received as his patrimony Ceredigion, with the palace at Dinevwr, and an overlordship over his other brothers. In 877 Rhodri was slain by the Saxons, and Cadell entered upon his turbulent reign. In conjunction with his brothers he ravaged and devastated the neighbouring states of Dyved and Brecheiniog to such purpose that the latter gladly accepted the help of King Alfred against a nearer and more terrible foe (Asser, M. H. B. 488 B.C.) Not long after the sons of Rhodri were compelled themselves to become Alfred's men (? 885. Mr. J. R. Green's ‘Conquest of England,’ p. 183, dates the submission of the house of Rhodri in 897). The harmony between the brothers did not long survive their defeat. In 894 Anarawd, the king of Gwynedd, joined the English in a devastating inroad into Cadell's territory, and burnt remorselessly all the houses and corn in Dyved and Ystrad Towy (Annales Cambriæ, Gwentian Brut). Soon after Rhodri's death Cadell is said to have driven his brother Mervyn out of Powys and added it to his possessions (Gwentian Brut, 876); but as Mervyn continued alive until 903 (An. Cambr. MS. B), and was still styled king of Powys (Gwentian Brut, which puts his death in 892), it is very improbable that a lasting conquest was effected. Anyhow, as Anarawd continued to reign in Gwynedd, Cadell certainly was not, as the ‘Gwentian Brut’ asserts, thus made king over all Wales. Indeed, it is quite probable that Anarawd was the elder of the sons of Rhodri. Besides civil feuds and Saxon invasions the period of Cadell's reign was signalised by repeated invasions of the ‘black pagans,’ as the Welsh called the Irish Danes, which culminated in 906 in the destruction of St. David's. Three years afterwards Cadell died (909 A. C. MS. A, 907 B. y T., 900 Gwentian B.) Three of his sons are mentioned by the chronicles, Howel, Clydog, and Meurug. Of these the eldest became Cadell's successor, and was celebrated as Howel Dha, the wisest and best of the Welsh kings.
T. F. T.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Alcock, Alfred William

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​ALCOCK, ALFRED WILLIAM (1859–)
Educated at Mill Hill, Blackheath, Westminster, and Aberdeen University : Assistant Professor of Zoology, Aberdeen University, 1883–85 : joined the Indian Medical Service, 1885 : served in the Panjab Frontier Force : Surgeon ​Naturalist to the Marine Survey of India on board the Investigator, 1888–1892 : Super-intendent of the Indian Museum and Professor of Zoology in the Medical College, Calcutta, since 1893 : C.I.E. : author of A Naturalist in Indian Seas and numerous zoological monographs : Major.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Alexander, Sir James

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​ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES ( ? - ? )
Entered the Bengal Artillery, 1820 : at capture of Bhartpur, 1825–6 : commanded the Artillery under Pollock in Afghanistan, 1842 : forced the Khyber Pass, at Tezin and Kabul : in the Gwalior campaign, at Maharajpur, 1843 : in the Satlaj campaign, 1845–6, at Badiwal, Aliwal, Sobraon : C.B. : K.C.B., 1871 General, 1872 : retired, 1887.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Allen, Charles

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​ALLEN, CHARLES (1808–1884)
I.C.S. : born July 29, 1808 : son of Rev. David Bird Allen : educated at Westminster and Haileybury : went to India 1827 : served chiefly in the N.W.P. : Magte. Collr. of Moradabad, 1837 : Hamirpur, 1841 : Settlement Officer in Bundel-kund : Judge at Agra, 1843–9 : and at Fatehghar : acted as Foreign Secretary to the Government of India, 1852 : Financial Secretary, 1854 : and Member of the Legislative Council of India, 1854 : retired, 1857 : died, Nov. 5, 1884 : was J. P. and Alderman and Mayor of Tenby, and High Sheriff of Pembrokeshire, 1876 : wrote in support of Lord Dalhousie The Yellow Pamphlet in answer to Colonel G.B. Malleson's Red Pamphlet at the time of the mutiny.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Allen, Sir George William

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​ALLEN, SIR GEORGE WILLIAM (1831–1900)
Son of James Allen : founder of the Pioneer and Civil and Military Gazette,-the first daily newspapers published elsewhere than in the Presidency towns in India : promoted private enterprise : C.I.E., 1879 : K.C.I.E., 1897 : died Nov. 4. 1900.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Ali Ibrahim Khan, Nawab

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​ALI IBRAHIM KHAN, NAWAB ( ? –1793?)
Of Patna : "Daroga" of the Court at Benares, that is, President of the tribunal there, in the time of Warren Hastings' Governorship : besides a number of compositions, he compiled the Gulzar-i Ibrahim, described as an anthological biography of Hindustani poets, written 1772–1784 : he had a poetical name, Khatil : died 1793 or 1794.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Alison, Sir Archibald, Baronet

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​ALISON, SIR ARCHIBALD, BARONET (1826–)
General : son of Sir. A. A., the historian : born Jan. 21, 1826 : educated at Glasgow and Edinburgh Universities : entered the Army in 1846 : served in the Crimea; in the Indian mutiny he was Military Secretary to Sir Colin Campbell, then C. in C. in India ; lost his arm at the relief of Lucknow in Nov., 1857 : made C.B. : served in the Ashanti expedition in 1873–4 : made K.C.B. and later G.C.B. : Commandant of the Staff College, 1877 : Head of the Intelligence Department, 1878–8 : in the Egyptian campaign of 1882, commanded at Alexandria, and the Highland Brigade at Tel-el-Kebir : C in C. in Egypt, 1882–3 : commanded the Aldershot Division from 1883 : Adjutant-General, 1888 : retired from the Army, 1893 : member of the Council of India, 1889–1899 : wrote a number of articles in Blackwood's Magazine.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Aliverdi Khan

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​ALIVERDI KHAN (1676?–1756)
Nawab Nazim of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa : son of Mirza Muhammad, a Turkoman employed at Delhi : entered the service of Nawab Shujauddin, governor of Orissa (son-in-law of Nawab Murshid Kali Jafar Khan) as a commander of troops : in 1726, Jafar Khan died, Shujauddin succeeded him as Nawab Nazim, and Aliverdi Khan became General of the Imperial troops : in 1729 he was appointed Governor of Bihar by Nawab Shujauddin, and, later, became free from any dependence on the Nizam of Bengal : in 1739 Shujauddin died, and was succeeded by his son, Sarfaraz Khan, Aliverdi continuing to be governor of Bihar : in 1740 Aliverdi quarrelled with the Nawab Sarfaraz, defeated and killed him in battle and seized the Nizamat : he was known in Bengal as Muhabat Jang. From 1741 the Mahrattas invaded Bengal, and their leader, Bhashkar Pandit, was inveigled by Aliverdi to a conference, and treacherously killed : the Mahratta raids spread consternation throughout Bengal, and, after fighting with them up to 1751, Aliverdi made peace by ceding Orissa to them and agreeing to an annual payment of 12 lakhs of rupees. Aliverdi allowed the English to protect themselves in 1742, by digging the Mahratta ditch round the Company's territory to stop the ​Mahratta raids. In 1753 he adopted his grandson, Surajuddaula, and declared him his successor. On April 9, 1756, Aliverdi died at the age of 80, at Murshidabad.