OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jewish Encyclopedia/Bessels, Emil

Edition of 1906.
BESSELS, EMIL: German–American Arctic explorer and naturalist; born at Heidelberg June 2, 1847; died at Stuttgart March 30, 1888. At the university of his native place he studied medicine and zoology. In 1869, under the encouragement of Petermann of Gotha, he made his first journey to the Arctic ocean, during which he traced the influence of the Gulf Stream to the east of Spitzbergen. In 1870 he joined the German army as a military surgeon, and received public commendation from the grand duke of Baden for his services. A year later he volunteered to go as a surgeon and naturalist with the Hall expedition, which sailed on the "Polaris" from the Brooklyn (N. Y.) navy-yard. Nothing of moment took place until the ship reached 82° 9' north latitude, when Captain Hall, who had been on a short hunting expedition, returned to the ship, partook of a cup of coffee, and shortly after became violently ill (Oct. 24, 1871). Bessels treated him; but the patient several times disregarded the physician's advice. About Nov. 2 Hall showed signs of insanity, refusing to partake of food, and having the idea that he was being poisoned. He died Nov. 8, 1871.
Upon the return of the members of the expedition in 1873, after numerous mishaps and disasters, Morton, second mate of the "Polaris," brought a charge of murder against Bessels, alleging that the latter had administered morphine instead of quinine to Captain Hall. The secretary of the navy directed an inquiry, which was conducted by Surgeon-General of the Army J. K. Barnes and Surgeon-General of the Navy J. Beale, who reported "that Captain Hall died from natural causes—viz., apoplexy—and that the treatment of the case by Dr. Bessels was the best practicable under the circumstances."
Bessels, after this, spent some years at the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, in preparing for publication the scientific results of the voyage, the most striking of which was the proof of the insularity of Greenland deduced from tidal observations. His most important work was "Scientific Results of the United States Exploring Expedition Steamer 'Polaris,'" Washington, 1876. He published numerous papers on general natural-history subjects (see "Royal Society Catalogue of Scientific Papers," vii. 164; ix. 229, 230). Later Bessels joined an ethnological voyage on the U. S. S. "Saranac" to the northwest coast of America; but the vessel was wrecked in Seymour Narrows, B. C.

### Bibliography

* Rear-Admiral C. H. Davis, U. S. N., Narrative of the North Polar Expedition, U. S. Ship Polaris, Capt. Charles Francis Hall Commanding, Washington, 1876;
* W. H. Dall, in Bulletin of the Philosophical Society of Washington, xi. 465 et seq.;
* New York Times, Oct. 18, 1873, p. 1, col. 3;
* New York Herald, Oct. 1, p. 6, cols. 4–5;
* ib. Oct. 5, p. 5, cols. 1–4;
* Brockhaus, Konversations-Lexikon, s.v.
# Jewish Encyclopedia/Coen, Jan Pieterszoon

Edition of 1906.
COEN, JAN PIETERSZOON: Governor-general of Java, and founder of the Dutch colonial system; born at Hoorn, Holland, Jan. 8, 1587; died in 1629. He gained his early commercial experience with the firm of Piscatori in Rome, went to India on a commercial exploration in 1607, and made a second voyage with two ships in 1612. He was appointed director-general of the Indian trade in 1613. As governor-general of Java, he destroyed (1619) the native town of Jacatra, and founded Batavia, the capital of the Dutch East Indies. He died childless in 1629, and his large possessions went for the benefit of orphans in his native town of Hoorn, subject to a bequest in favor of members of his family, which seems to have been some time later successfully claimed.
Coen is said to have been of Jewish descent. The biographies, while printing voluminous details of his career as governor-general, are singularly reticent in regard to his parentage. The name or occupation of his father is not found, though one would have expected these facts to be recorded of so eminent a man. Perhaps as a convert he endeavored to conceal them. His portrait in Valentyn's "History of Java" and in Müller's "Golden Age" might well be that of a Jew. Abbing's "History of Hoorn" gives chiefly negative evidence on the subject of Coen's Jewish connection. The question of his extraction must be left undecided.

### Bibliography

* International Cyclopedia;
* A. Winkler Prins, Geïllustreerde Encyclopedie;
* Jew. Chron. Oct. 20, 1899, p. 21.
# The Economic Writings of Sir William Petty/Volume 2

Volume 1 of The Economic Writings of Sir William Petty contains:
* 'Introduction' (by Charles Henry Hull). p. xiii-xci
* A Treatise of Taxes and Contributions (London, 1662). p. 1-97
* Verbum Sapienti (Word to the wise) (written 1664, published London, 1691). p. 99-120
* The Political Anatomy of Ireland (written 1672, published London, 1690). p. 121-231
* Political Arithmetick (written 1676, published London, 1690), p. 233-313
Volume 2 contains:
* Natural and Political Observations Made upon the Bills of Mortality. By Capt. John Graunt. The Fifth Edition. London, 1676. p. 314-345
* Sir William Petty's Quantulumcunque concerning Money. (written 1682, published London, 1695). p. 437-448 (Quantulumcunque = ‘something, be it ever so small’)
* Several Essays in Political Arithmetick. (posthumously published, 1699)
* Another Essay in Political Arithmetick concerning the Growth of the City of London. (written 1682, published London, 1683). p. 451-478
* Observations upon the Dublin-Bills of Mortality, MDCLXXXI. And the State of that City. (London, 1683). p. 479-491
* Further Observation upon the Dublin-Bills: or, Accompts of the Houses, Hearths, Baptisms, and Burials in that City. (London, 1686). p. 493-498
* Two Essays in Political Arithmetick, concerning the People, Housing, Hospitals, &c. of London and Paris. (London, 1687). p. 515-518
* Observations upon the Cities of London and Rome. (London, 1687). p. 521-544
* Five Essays in Political Arithmetick. (London, 1687). p. 521-544
* A Treatise of Ireland. (1687). From the Additional MS. in the British Museum. p. 545-621
* Appendix. p. 622-632
* Bibliography of the Printed Writings of Sir William Petty, p. 633-652. Including:
* Supplement to the Bibliography of Petty's Works. p. 653-657
* Bibliography of the Natural and Political Observations. p. 658-660
* List of Books and Manuscripts used. p. 661-672
* Index. p. 673-700
THE
ECONOMIC WRITINGS
OF
Sir WILLIAM PETTY
Volume II
Petty to Southwell, July, 1687, from the Marquis of Lansdowne's MSS at Bowood.
Petty to Southwell, July, 1687, from the Marquis of Lansdowne's MSS at Bowood.
THE
ECONOMIC WRITINGS
OF
Sir WILLIAM PETTY
TOGETHER WITH THE
OBSERVATIONS UPON THE BILLS OF MORTALITY
MORE PROBABLY BY
CAPTAIN JOHN GRAUNT
EDITED BY
CHARLES HENRY HULL, Ph.D.
CORNELL UNIVERSITY
VOL. II
CONTENTS OF VOLUME II.
PAGES
# The Economic Writings of Sir William Petty

* related portals: Economic theory
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Commons category, Wikidata item
The Economic Writings of Sir William Petty were published in two volumes.

## Volume 1

Volume 1 of The Economic Writings of Sir William Petty contains:
* 'Introduction' (by Charles Henry Hull).
* A Treatise of Taxes and Contributions (London, 1662).
* Verbum Sapienti (Word to the wise) (written 1664, first published London, 1691).
* The Political Anatomy of Ireland (written 1672, first published London, 1690).
* Political Arithmetick (written 1676, first published London, 1690).

## Volume 2

Volume 2 contains:
* Natural and Political Observations upon the Bills of Mortality. By Capt. John Graunt. After the Fifth Edition. London, 1676.
* Sir William Petty's Quantulumcunque concerning Money. (written 1682, published London, 1695). (Quantulumcunque (latin) = something, be it ever so small).
* Several Essays in Political Arithmetick. (posthumously published, 1699)
* Another Essay in Political Arithmetick concerning the Growth of the City of London. (written 1682, published London, 1683).
* Observations upon the Dublin-Bills of Mortality, MDCLXXXI. And the State of that City. (London, 1683).
* Further Observation upon the Dublin-Bills: or, Accompts of the Houses, Hearths, Baptisms, and Burials in that City. (London, 1686).
* Two Essays in Political Arithmetick, concerning the People, Housing, Hospitals, &c. of London and Paris. (London, 1687).
* Observations upon the Cities of London and Rome. (London, 1687).
* Five Essays in Political Arithmetick. (London, 1687).
* A Treatise of Ireland. (1687). From the Additional MS. in the British Museum.
* Appendix.
* Bibliography of the Printed Writings of Sir William Petty, including:
* Supplement to the Bibliography of Petty's Works.
* Bibliography of the Natural and Political Observations.
* List of Books and Manuscripts used.
* Index.
* ↑ Translation by Strathern, Paul (2001) - Dr Strangelove's Game : a brief history of economic genius. London : Hamish Hamilton.
This work was published before January 1, 1930, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Fifty Years (Johnson)

* "Fifty Years" (1917), in Johnson's poetry collection Fifty Years & Other Poems
* "Fifty Years" (1922), in the poetry anthology The Book of American Negro Poetry
# The Clergyman's Wife and Other Sketches/The Married Flirt

The Married Flirt.
ho calls Melinda Belmont a flirt? She is only as attractive to mankind collectively as to the one especial man whose name she bears, whose domicile she graces with a regnant presence powerfully suggestive of feminine superiority and masculine nonentity. A flirt, forsooth? She will resent the title with virtuous indignation. With a majestic uplifting of her queenly head, she will ask you whether a woman, when she honors a man by uniting her destiny with his, necessarily enters into a compact to render herself odious to the rest of his sex?
Melinda had not won the name of a coquette before her marriage. A handsome, high-spirited girl, striking in figure, captivating in manner, brilliant in conversation, and not lacking intellect, she married young. Possibly, she fancied herself in love, or her suitor's delicious flatteries made her in love, with herself, which she mistook for being in love with him; a very common occurrence! At all events she evinced no shrewd, cold calculation in choosing among her many admirers; she neither selected the Crœsus, nor the Adonis, but yielded, ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/73 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/74 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/75 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/76 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/77 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/78 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/79 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/80 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/81 ​eyes upon the unambitious wife, her youthful contemporary, who never dreamed of being a belle, whom Melinda scorned for her even, unpretentious. ways, but who still retains a lingering freshness, a kindly warmth, a serene vivacity, a soul-renewed loveliness that have preserved a husband's devotion intact, and won from time-tried friends reverence and tenderness in abundance, and now make the nonpareil beauty of other days reflect despairingly upon her wasted opportunities, her hollow and valueless existence, and inwardly murmur, "Oh, that I could change places with her, here and hereafter!"
# The Clergyman's Wife and Other Sketches/An Old Maid

An Old Maid.
n old maid! Was there ever woman so wise that she could hear the obnoxious title applied to herself without a suppressed sigh? Though few are the old maids who might not have been wives if they had so willed, the sense of incompleteness, of undeveloped capacities, of unfulfilled duties, perforce will cause a passing pang.
But who that knows Miriam Pleasance feels that the life of an old maid is necessarily dreary, profitless, colorless? And is Miriam an old maid? Damsels, in the primrose season of youth, for whom the wedding ring binds, in its charmed circle, the manifold joys of an ideal Elysium, mockingly call her so; happy mothers, about whose necks twine the chubby arms of cherub childhood, keeping "low and wise" the "vines that bear such fruit," pityingly call her so; broken-hearted wives whose shattered idols prove all clay and ashes, whose pale lips, wreathed in smiles, veil, with Spartan heroism, the vulture preying on their souls, indignantly call her so. But mark how men, intellectual, thinking, feeling men, hesitate ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/84 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/85 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/86 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/87 ​with beings too seldom recognized as members of the human family. Towards the sick, the poor, the sad, the suffering in any shape, her hand is unhesitatingly stretched out. They need no credentials save the stamp of sadness, sickness, poverty, and prompt aid is true aid. She seems endowed with God's special license to console, to translate mysterious sorrows into promised joys, to strengthen the weak, to soften the hard, to reconcile the rebellious.
The history of any one day of her life would fill chapters with scenes of anguish, of passion, of hope, of happy consummations, that might adorn the pages of a romance.
Thus, Miriam, "the old maid," is not less happy, less useful, less beloved than the wife and mother whose heart and hands are full of alternate cares and blessings. Those upon whose path of life the smile of Miriam Pleasance shines, never after speak scornfully of an "old maid." We entertain but one fear for Miriam; it is that she will not always bear the vestal title around which she has woven such an indescribable charm.
# The Clergyman's Wife and Other Sketches/A Plethora of Happiness

A Plethora of Happiness.
iss Merriweather, I believe?"
The young lady addressed courtesied assent, and glanced enquiringly at the speaker. Possibly there was an unconscious dash of admiration in that transient survey. The gentleman who stood before her was somewhat over six feet in height. His bearing was remarkably manly, a mingling of the soldier and courtier; perhaps it was rather too stately, but graceful withal. He had large, hazel eyes, a florid complexion, faultless mouth and teeth, close-curling, chestnut hair, a moustache and beard of such silken luxuriance that it could never have been profaned by a razor.
"I am Angelica Willington's husband," was his reply to the lady's look of interrogation.
"Mr. Willington! I am delighted to know you," exclaimed Ruth Merriwether, extending her hand, with hearty cordiality.
"Not move delighted than Angelica and I were when we heard of your unexpected arrival in Charleston. Angelica is such an invalid that she ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/90 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/91 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/92 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/93 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/94 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/95 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/96 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/97 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/98 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/99 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/100 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/101 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/102 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/103 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/104 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/105 ​to their "mammies" in preference to her, and Ruth's words would sound in her ears again.
Those words had been a new revelation to Angelica; they had placed in her hands the golden key which unlocked the secret of her lassitude, and languor, and depression.
For some time after she became cognizant of her own state, the evil seemed aggravated by being comprehended; but the dangerous illness of her little son wakened the mother in her heart, and gave her a motive for exertion. She hung over his bed day after day, and forgot her ennui, her ailments, her low spirits, in ministering to the little sufferer. Then followed a thrill of joy, amounting to ecstasy, when the sweet invalid's first signs of returning health gladdened her maternal eyes.
"Ruth was right, again. Sorrow was good for me. I was suffering from a plethora of happiness," she inwardly exclaimed.
That conviction and that confession were the heralds of a happy change. It was not effected in an hour or in a day; it was hardly perceptible at first, but was gradually felt throughout the household, by children, servants, friends, dependants,—most of all, by Angelica's husband.
Ah! no one divined how simple was the magic that wrought this wonderful metamorphosis! A few passing words of truth, dropped from the kindly lips of a friend, and the discovery of an ailment which proved to be only "a plethora of happiness."
# The Clergyman's Wife and Other Sketches/Anticipations and Realities of a Children's Party

The Anticipations and Realities
of
A Children's Party.
rs. Sylvester had a passion for children. She entertained certain strange sentiments concerning them, at which her friends marvelled and smiled aside. She cherished favorite theories concerning the holy atmosphere that surrounds childhood, the guardian angels that follow in children's steps, and fold invisible arms around their tiny forms to shield them from danger, the unseen hands that guide them, the unearthly voices that teach. The music of a child's jubilant laugh, though it sounded in the distant streets, and she knew not from what voice it rang, found an involuntary echo in her heart and upon her lips. The soft touch of a child's clinging fingers sent a thrill of pleasure through her frame. Not the stars in their blue canopy, nor the flowers on their emerald beds, nor the glitter of precious stones, nor the noblest triumphs of the chisel or the brush, were half so beautiful in her sight as childhood's innocent eyes, glowing cheeks, dewy ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/123 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/124 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/125 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/126 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/127 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/128 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/129 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/130 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/131 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/132 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/133 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/134 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/135 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/136 ​Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/137
# Isis Unveiled

Volumes (not listed in original)
* Volume I—Science (transcription project)
* Volume II—Theology (start transcription)
This work was published before January 1, 1930, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Oxygen Regulator Flash Severely Burns One Fire Fighter - Florida/Summary

​ SUMMARY
On June 12, 1998, one male fire fighter (the victim) was severely burned when an oxygen regulator flashed while he was performing a routine check of the equipment. The victim had just started his morning shift, and was performing the daily routine equipment check on the Engine to which he was assigned. Checking through the equipment, he pulled the airway supply bags from the Engine airway equipment compartment. Department proceedures required him to open the oxygen cylinder post valve, check the cylinder’s pressure to verify it was sufficiently full for service, close the cylinder’s post valve, and then release the oxygen remaining in the regulator. As the victim lifted the oxygen cylinder from the airway supply bag, he opened the oxygen post valve and the system immediately flashed, releasing two 4-foot flames from the regulator. His clothes ignited from the waist up as he turned and fell to the ground. Fire fighters who were washing the Engine witnessed the incident and used a garden hose to extinguish the flames. On-duty fire fighters/paramedics administered medical treatment to the victim, who received first-, second- and third-degree burns over 36% of his body. He was transported to a local trauma center from where he was later air-lifted to a burn center.
NIOSH investigators concluded that, to reduce the risk of similar incidents, fire departments should:
* use oxygen regulators constructed of materials having an oxygen compatibility equivalent to that of brass
* ensure that the cylinder is placed in an upright position, and that the cylinder post valve is pointed in a safe direction (away from the operator) and opened then closed before the regulator is attached to the cylinder
* ensure that when opening a cylinder post valve with the regulator attached, it is opened slowly and pointed away from the operator and other people
* ensure that fire fighters are trained in and aware of safe handling procedures pertaining to oxygen systems
* ensure that oxygen systems (cylinders and regulators) are stored in a cool area free of dirt, oils, and grease
* ensure that oxygen re-filling stations and maintenance areas where oxygen equipment is serviced, are in a locked, air-conditioned room that is clean and free of dirt, oils, and grease
* ensure that any components added to the regulator, such as gauge guards, are installed so that they do not block the regulator vent holes.
# The Economics of Unemployment

THE ECONOMICS OF UNEMPLOYMENT
[Advertisements]
PROBLEMS OF A NEW WORLD
WORK AND WEALTH: A HUMAN VALUATION
Etc.
THE ECONOMICS OF UNEMPLOYMENT
by J. A. HOBSON
LONDON: GEORGE ALLEN & UNWIN LTD. RUSKIN HOUSE, 40 MUSEUM STREET, W.C. 1
First published in 1922
(All rights reserved)
Printed in Great Britain by Unwin Brothers, Limited, The Gresham Press, London and Woking
CONTENTS
This work was published before January 1, 1930, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Proclamation 3525

* By the President of the United States of America
* A PROCLAMATION.
* Whereas Sir Winston Churchill, a son of America though a subject of Britain, has been throughout his life a firm and steadfast friend of the American people and the American Nation; and
* Whereas he has freely offered his hand and his faith in days of adversity as well as triumph; and
* Whereas his bravery, charity and valor, both in war and in peace, have been a flame of inspiration in freedom's darkest hour; and
* Whereas his life has shown that no adversary can overcome, and no fear can deter, free men in the defense of their freedom; and
* Whereas he has expressed with unsurpassed power and splendor the aspirations of peoples everywhere for dignity and freedom; and
* Whereas he has by his art as an historian and his judgment as a statesman made the past the servant of the future;
* Now, Therefore, I, John F. Kennedy, President of the United States of America, under the authority contained in an Act of the 88th Congress, do hereby declare Sir Winston Churchill an honorary citizen of the United States of America.
* In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the Seal of the United States of America to be affixed.
* Done at the City of Washington this ninth day of April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and sixty-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the one hundred and eighty-seventh.
* John F. Kennedy
* By the President:
* George W. Ball,
* Acting Secretary of State.

## Notes
### See Related

− Public Law 88-6, April 9, 1963. ( 88th Congress, 1st Session, 77 Stat. 5. )
   * Remarks by President John F. Kennedy
      * As given at the White House, Washington D.C., April 9, 1963;
   * Response by Sir Winston Churchill
      * As given at 28 Hyde Park Gate, London, April 6, 1963;
      * As read by Randolph S. Churchill at the White House, April 9, 1963
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse