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# The Discourses of Epictetus; with the Encheiridion and Fragments/Book 4/Chapter 2

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CHAPTER II.
on familiar intimacy.
To this matter before all you must attend, that you be never so closely connected with any of your former intimates or friends as to come down to the same acts as he does. If you do not observe this rule, you will ruin yourself. But if the thought arises in your mind, "I shall seem disobliging to him and he will not have the same feeling towards me," remember that nothing is done with​out cost, nor is it possible for a man if he does not do the same things to be the same man that he was. Choose then which of the two you will have, to be equally loved by those by whom you were formerly loved, being the same with your former self; or being superior, not to obtain from your friends the same that you did before. For if this is better, immediately turn away to it, and let not other considerations draw you in a different direction. For no man is able to make progress (improvement), when he is wavering between opposite things; but if you have preferred this (one thing) to all things, if you choose to attend to this only, to work out this only, give up every thing else. But if you will not do this, your wavering will produce both these results: you will neither improve as you ought, nor will you obtain what you formerly obtained. For before by plainly desiring the things which were worth nothing, you pleased your associates. But you cannot excel in both kinds, and it is necessary that so far as you share in the one, you must fall short in the other. You cannot, when you do not drink with those with whom you used to drink, be agreeable to them as you were before. Choose then whether you will be a hard drinker and pleasant to your former associates or a sober man and disagreeable to them. You cannot, when you do not sing with those with whom you used to sing, be equally loved by them. Choose then in this matter also which of the two you will have. For if it is better to be modest and orderly than for a man to say, He is a jolly fellow, give up the rest, renounce it, turn away from it, have nothing to do with such men. But if this behaviour shall not please you, turn altogether to the opposite: become a catamite, an adulterer, and act accordingly, and you will get what you wish. And jump up in the theatre and bawl out in praise of the dancer. But characters so different cannot be mingled: you cannot act both Thersites and Agamemnon. If you intend to be Thersites, you must be humpbacked and bald: if Agamemnon, you must be tall and handsome, and love those who are placed in obedience to you.
* ↑ He means that you must not do as he does, because he does this or that act. The advice is in substance, Do not do as your friend does simply because he is your friend.
* ↑ See Iliad, ii. 216; and for the description of Agamemnon, Iliad, iii. 167.
# The Discourses of Epictetus; with the Encheiridion and Fragments/Book 3/Chapter 8

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CHAPTER VIII.
how we must exercise ourselves against appearances (φαντασίας).
As we exercise ourselves against sophistical questions, so we ought to exercise ourselves daily against appearances; for these appearances also propose questions to us. A certain person's son is dead. Answer; the thing is not within the power of the will: it is not an evil. A father has disinherited a certain son. What do you think of it? It is a thing beyond the power of the will, not an evil. Caesar has condemned a person. It is a thing beyond the power of the will, not an evil. The man is afflicted at this. Affliction is a thing which depends on the will: it is an evil. He has borne the condemnation bravely. That is a thing within the power of the will: it is a good. If we train ourselves in this manner, we shall make progress; for we shall never assent to any thing of which there is not an appearance capable of being comprehended. Your son is dead. What has happened? Your son is dead. Nothing more? Nothing. Your ship is lost. What has happened? Your ship is lost. A man has been led to prison. What has happened? He has been led to prison. But that herein he has fared badly, every man adds from his own opinion. But Zeus, you say, does not do right in these matters. Why? because he has made you capable of endurance? because he has made you magnanimous? because he has taken from that which befalls you the power of being evils? because it is in your power to be happy while you are suffering what you suffer; because he has opened the door to you, when things do not please you? Man, go out and do not complain.
Hear how the Romans feel towards philosophers, if you would like to know. Italicus, who was the most in repute of the philosophers, once when I was present being vexed with his own friends and as if he was suffering something intolerable said, "I cannot bear it, you are killing me: you will make me such as that man is;" pointing to me.
* ↑ See i. 9. 20.
* ↑ See ii. 6. 22, ἂν σοι ποιῇ. Upton.
* ↑ Schweighaeuser says that he does not clearly see what Epictetus means; nor do I.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Lowell, Edward Jackson

Edition of 1920. See also Edward Jackson Lowell on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
LOWELL, Edward Jackson, American author: b. Boston, 18 Oct. 1845; d. Cotuit, Mass., 11 May 1894. He was the grandson of Francis Cabot Lowell (1775-1817) (q.v.). He was graduated from Harvard in 1867, was admitted to the Suffolk County bar in June 1872, for a time practised law in Boston, but subsequently devoted himself exclusively to literary work. He was a member of the Massachusetts Historical Society and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Among his writings are ‘The Hessians and the other German Auxiliaries of Great Britain in the Revolutionary War’ (1884), recognized as standard; ‘The Eve of the French Revolution’ (1892); and the section on ‘The Diplomacy and Finance of the Revolution’ in Winsor's ‘Narrative and Critical History of America’ (1884-89), and numerous magazine and review articles.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Lowell, John (merchant)

Edition of 1920. See also John Lowell, Jr. (philanthropist) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
LOWELL, John, American merchant and philanthropist: b. Boston, Mass., 11 May 1799; d. Bombay, India, 4 March 1836. He was the son of F. C. Lowell (1775-1817) (q.v.). He studied at Harvard (1813-15), became a successful merchant in Boston, was several times elected to the Boston common council and the State legislature of Massachusetts and collected a large and valuable library. After 1830 he passed a large part of his time in travel in foreign lands. By the gift of about $250,000,—then the largest ever made in America by an individual for the endowment of a literary institution, with the exception of Girard's bequest for Girard College—he established in Boston the Lowell Institute, to consist of regular annual courses of free public lectures. The institute was opened in the winter of 1839-40, and has proved exceedingly successful. Consult Everett, ‘Memoir of John Lowell, Jr.’ (1840), and Smith, ‘History of the Lowell Institute’ (1898).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Lowell, Percival

Edition of 1920. See also Percival Lowell on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
LOWELL, Percival, American astronomer: b. Boston, 13 March 1855; d. Flagstaff, Ariz., 13 Nov. 1916. He was a brother of Abbott Lawrence Lowell, and was graduated at Harvard in 1876. He went to Japan in 1883
and lived there and in Korea from time to time till 1893. He was counsellor and foreign secretary to Korean Special Mission to the United States in 1894. In 1894 he established the Lowell Observatory; undertook an eclipse expedition to Tripoli in 1900 and in 1907 sent an expedition to photograph the planet Mars. He received the Janssen medal of French Astronomical Society in 1904 for his researches on Mars. In 1908 he received a gold medal from La Sociedad Astronomica de Mexico. He made various discoveries on the planets Mercury, Venus, Saturn and especially Mars. In 1902 he was appointed non-resident professor of astronomy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and many other societies in America and Europe. He published ‘Chosön’ (1885); ‘The Soul of the Far East’ (1886); ‘Noto’ (1891); ‘Occult Japan’ (1894); ‘Mars’ (1895); ‘Annals of the Lowell Observatory’ (Vol. I, 1898; Vol. II, 1900; Vol. III, 1905); ‘The Solar System’ (1903); ‘Mars and Its Canals’ (1906); ‘Mars as the Abode of Life’ (1908); ‘The Evolution of Worlds’ (1909) and various papers to learned societies.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Lubin, David

Edition of 1920. See also David Lubin on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
LUBIN, David, American agriculturist, founder of the International Institute of Agriculture: b. Poland, of Jewish parents, 10 June 1849; d. Rome, Italy, 1 Jan. 1919. He was taken to England when he was two years old. On his father's death, David's mother married again and they emigrated to America. He received a scant education and at an early age was placed in a jewelry factory in Attleboro, Mass. Finding slight opportunity of advancement there he drifted to California. He reached Sacramento and after working at odd jobs he amassed sufficient funds to start a dry-goods store of his own. David dealt largely in overalls and thus came in contact with the farmers of California, and as he met them in person he learned something of their problems and his keen mind was soon interested. He bought a farm and became a fruit grower, retaining also his dry-goods business which had prospered. In his new vocation of farmer there came to him the idea of an international agricultural congress, whereby one side of the globe might learn what the other side was producing and how and at what cost. He began collecting statistics on the subject; studied plant life and domestic animals and made investigations into their diseases and sought remedies therefor. In 1904 Mr. Lubin found support in Italy for his projected international agricultural congress. King Emmanuel saw the need for such an institution and gave it his ardent support, giving a building for the congress and an annual income of $60,000. At the first gathering 40 nations were represented and Mr. Lubin was appointed the delegate from the United States by President Roosevelt. Mr. Lubin lived to see 53 nations taking part in the congress. He was responsible also for the introduction of the rural credits system in the United States and he brought about the passage of a measure in Congress for increasing the parcels post service for the benefit of the farmer, promoting direct selling and buying of farm produce through the mails. He also took a keen interest in farmers' co-operative societies and granges and was interested in oceanic shipping. He introduced the national marketing proposal on the lines of the German Landwirtschaftsrat. In 1913 on the occasion of the meeting of the congress in Rome Mr. Lubin received a silver cup as a token of appreciation of his efforts in originating the organization. Since that year he had lived in Rome much of the time. He published ‘Let There be Light.’ See International Institute of Agriculture.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Lowell Institute

Edition of 1920. See also Lowell Institute on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
LOWELL INSTITUTE, a Boston institution founded with a bequest of $250,000 by John Lowell (1799-1836) for “the maintenance and support of public lectures, to be delivered in Boston, upon philosophy, natural history, the arts and sciences, or any of them, as the trustees shall, from time to time, deem expedient.” Edward Everett delivered the first lecture 31 Dec. 1839, since when the leaders in philosophy, art and science of the English-speaking world have delivered regular annual courses of lectures. The institute is managed by a single trustee, who must be a member of the Lowell family of Massachusetts. Consult Smith, H. K., ‘History of the Lowell Institute’ (Boston 1898).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Lowell, Francis Cabot

Edition of 1920. See also Francis Cabot Lowell (businessman) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
LOWELL, Francis Cabot, American manufacturer: b. Newburyport, Mass., 7 April 1775; d. Boston, 10 Aug. 1817. He was graduated at Harvard in 1793 and entered on a mercantile career in Boston. During a visit to England he was seized with the idea of introducing and successfully carrying out the manufacture of cotton in America. In 1812 he began his attempts to manufacture cotton cloth, an undertaking then rendered the more difficult by the fact that the war in progress with Great Britain prevented the importation of English machinery. He finally succeeded, by the aid of Paul Moody, a mechanic of Newburyport, in making a suitable loom, and with P. T. Jackson, his brother-in-law, obtained a charter as the Boston Manufacturing Company, with $100,000 capital, and established at Waltham what is believed to have been the first mill in the United States to combine in one establishment the several operations necessary in manufacturing finished cloth from the raw cotton. He was active in introducing into the tariff act of 1816 the clause imposing a minimum duty on imported cotton fabrics. Jackson, subsequent to Lowell's death, bought a portion of Chelmsford and there located mills; and in 1826 the town was incorporated as Lowell.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Lowell, John (jurist)

Edition of 1920. See also John Lowell on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
LOWELL, John, American jurist: b. Newburyport, Mass., 17 June 1743; d. Roxbury, Mass., 6 May 1802. He was graduated from Harvard in 1760, studied law, entered practice at Newburyport in 1762, represented that town in the general court in 1777 and Boston in 1779, and was a delegate to the convention of 1780 which framed the constitution of Massachusetts. He obtained the insertion in this document of the clause of the preamble which declares that “all men are born free and equal,” with the belief that slavery would thus be abolished in Massachusetts. The Supreme Court of the State upheld his contention in 1783, and thereby slavery in the State was abolished at his initiative. In 1782-83 he was a delegate in the Continental Congress, and in 1782 was appointed by the Congress one of three judges of a Court of Appeals to hear appeals from courts of admiralty. In 1784 he was a member of the New York-Massachusetts Boundary Commission. He was made by Washington in 1789 judge of the United States District Court of Massachusetts, and by Adams in 1801 chief justice of the First Circuit of the United States Circuit Court. He was a founder of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1780), and one of its councillors. He published an oration on James Bowdoin the elder in Vol. II of the ‘Memoirs’ of the American Academy; and a poem in ‘Pietas et Gratulatio’ (1761).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Lowell, John (publicist)

Edition of 1920. See also John Lowell, Jr. (lawyer) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
LOWELL, John, American publicist: b. Newburyport, Mass., 6 Oct. 1769; d. Roxbury, Mass., 12 March 1840. He was a son of John Lowell (1743-1802) (q.v.). He was graduated from Harvard in 1786 studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1789, retired from practice in 1803 and after travel in the East (1803-06) devoted his attention to literature. He wrote on agriculture and theology, but chiefly on politics. In various publications he attacked the War of 1812; and by his pen made himself a valuable aid of the Federalists. His interest in horticulture obtained for him the sobriquet of “the Columella of the New England States” and he was the first in the United States to build extensive greenhouses on a scientific plan.
For many years he was president of the Massachusetts Agricultural Society. Among his pamphlets were ‘Peace Without Dishonor, War Without Hope’ (1807); ‘Diplomatic Policy of Mr. Madison Unveiled’ (1810); ‘Candid Comparison of the Washington and Jefferson Administration’ (1810), and ‘Mr. Madison's War’ (1812).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Lowell, Josephine Shaw

Edition of 1920. See also Josephine Shaw Lowell on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
LOWELL, Josephine Shaw, American philanthropist: b. West Roxbury, Mass., 16 Dec. 1843; d. New York City, 12 Oct. 1905. She was educated in Boston, New York and in Europe, and during the Civil War she was connected with the work of the Sanitary Commission, and subsequently with labors among the freedmen and with other causes of philanthropy and reform. In 1863 she married Col. Charles Russell Lowell, who was killed at Cedar Creek, Va., 1864. She was a founder of the Charity Organization Society of New York in 1881, in 1886-89 was commissioner of the State Board of Charities of New York, and in 1899 was appointed to the board of managers of the New York State reformatory for women. Among her writings are ‘Public Relief and Private Charity’ (1884); ‘Industrial Arbitration and Conciliation’ (1893). Consult Stewart, W. R., ‘Philanthropic Work of Josephine Shaw Lowell’ (New York 1911).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Lowell, Maria White

Edition of 1920. See also Maria White Lowell on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
LOWELL, Maria White, American poet: b. Watertown, Mass., 8 July 1821; d. Cambridge, Mass., 27 Oct. 1853. She was the first wife of James Russell Lowell, whom she married in 1844. The best known of her poems are ‘The Alpine Shepherd’ and ‘The Morning Glory,’ which appeared in the collection printed privately at Cambridge in 1855. The death of Mrs. Lowell, occurring the same night that a child was born to Mr. Longfellow, called forth the latter's poem beginning:
| “ | Two angels, one of life and one of death, Passed o'er our village as the morning broke.” |
Mrs. Lowell is known for her influence on her husband in the cause of abolition and for her own writings against slavery.
# The Golden Bowl (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1909)/Volume 1/Book 3

1909 edition, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons
BOOK THIRD
# The Gardener (Tagore)/58

58
One morning in the flower garden a blind girl came to offer me a flower chain in the cover of a lotus leaf.
I put it round my neck, and tears came to my eyes.
I kissed her and said, "You are blind even as the flowers are.
"You yourself know not how beautiful is your gift."
# The Gardener (Tagore)/7

7
O mother, the young Prince is to pass by our door,—how can I attend to my work this morning?
Show me how to braid up my hair; tell me what garment to put on.
Why do you look at me amazed, mother?
I know well he will not glance up once at my window; I know he will pass out of my sight in the twinkling of an eye; only the vanishing strain of the flute will come sobbing to me from afar.
But the young Prince will pass by our door, and I will put on my best for the moment.
O mother, the young Prince did pass by our door, and the morning sun flashed from his chariot.
​I swept aside the veil from my face, I tore the ruby chain from my neck and flung it in his path.
Why do you look at me amazed, mother?
I know well he did not pick up my chain; I know it was crushed under his wheels leaving a red stain upon the dust, and no one knows what my gift was nor to whom.
But the young Prince did pass by our door, and I flung the jewel from my breast before his path.
# The Gardener (Tagore)/79

I OFTEN wonder where lie hidden the boundaries of recognition between man and the beast whose heart knows no spoken language. Through what primal paradise in a remote morning of creation ran the simple path by which their hearts visited each other. Those marks of their constant tread have not been effaced though their kinship has been long forgotten. Yet suddenly in some wordless music the dim memory wakes up and the beast gazes into the man′s face with a tender trust, and the man looks down its eyes with amused affection. It seems that the two friends meet masked and vaguely know each other through the disguise.
# The Gardener (Tagore)/60

AMIDST the rush and roar of life, O Beauty, carved in stone, you stand mute and still, alone and aloof. Great Time sits enamoured at your feet and murmurs: “Speak, speak to me, my love; speak, my bride!” But your speech is shut up in stone, O Immovable Beauty!
# The Gardener (Tagore)/62

IN the dusky path of a dream I went to seek the love who was mine in a former life.
Her house stood at the end of a desolate street. In the evening breeze her pet peacock say drowsing on its perch, and the pigeons were silent in their corner.
She sat her lamp down by the portal and stood before me. She raised her large eyes to my face and mutely asked, “Are you well, my friend?” I tried to answer, but our language had been lost and forgotten.
I thought and thought; our names would not come to my mind. Tears shone in her eyes. She held up her right hand to me. I took it and stood silent.
Our lamp had flickered in the evening breeze and died.
# The Gardener (Tagore)/63

TRAVELLER, must you go? The night is still and the darkness swoons upon the forest. The lamps are bright in our balcony, the flowers all fresh, and the youthful eyes still awake. Is the time for your parting come? Traveller, must you go?
We have not bound your feet with our entreating arms. Your doors are open. Your horse stands saddled at the gate. If we have tried to bar your passage it was but with our songs. Did we ever try to hold you back it was but with our eyes. Traveller, we are helpless to keep you. We have only our tears.
What quenchless fire glows in your eyes? What restless fever runs in your blood? What call from the dark urges you? What awful incantation have you read among the stars in the sky, that with a sealed secret message the night entered your heart, silent and strange?
If you do not care for merry meetings, if you must have peace, weary heart, we shall put our lamps out and silence our harps. We shall sit still in the dark in the rustle of leaves, and the tired moon will shed pale rays on your window. O traveller, what sleepless spirit has touched you from the heart of the midnight?
# The Gardener (Tagore)/70

I REMEMBER a day in my childhood I floated a paper boat in the ditch. It was a wet day of July; I was alone and happy over my play. I floated my paper boat in the ditch.
Suddenly the storm clouds thickened, winds came in gusts, and rain poured in torrents. Rills of muddy water rushed and swelled the stream and sunk my boat. Bitterly I thought in my mind that the storm came on purpose to spoil my happiness; all its malice was against me.
The cloudy day of July is long today, and I have been musing over all those games in life wherein I was loser. I was blaming my fate for the many tricks it played on me, when suddenly I remembered the paper boat that sank in that ditch.
# The Gardener (Tagore)/6

6
The tame bird was in a cage, the free bird was in the forest.
They met when the time came, it was a decree of fate.
The free bird cries, "O my love, let us fly to wood."
The cage bird whispers, "Come hither, let us us both live in the cage."
Says the free bird, "Among bars, where is there room to spread one's wings?"
Alas," cries the cage bird, "I should not know where to sit perched in the sky."
The free bird cries, "My darling, sing the songs of the woodlands."
"The cage bird says, "Sit by my side, ​I'll teach you the speech of the learned."
The forest bird cries, "No, ah no! songs can never be taught."
The cage bird says, "Alas for me, I know not the songs of the woodlands."
Their love is intense with longing, but they never can fly wing to wing.
Through the bars of the cage they look, and vain is their wish to know each other.
They flutter their wings in yearning, and sing, "Come closer, my love!"
The free bird cries, "It cannot be, I fear the closed doors of the cage."
The cage bird whispers, "Alas, my wings are powerless and dead."