OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Macrossan, Hon. John Murtagh

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​Macrossan, Hon. John Murtagh, M.L.A., was born in 1832, in co. Donegal. He was educated at local schools, and after spending two years in Scotland went to Victoria in 1853 to pursue his fortunes as a miner. After working on the diggings in that colony and in New Zealand and New South Wales for twelve years, with varying luck, but very little substantial success, he was attracted to Northern Queensland by the reported richness of the Peak Down diggings. His ready eloquence and knowledge of miners' wants soon made him a public character, and he was returned to the Lower House by the miners of Charters Towers for the Kennedy district in the year 1873. He was at first a very advanced Liberal; but his convictions became modified, and he joined the first McIlwraith Ministry as Secretary for Public Works and Mines on Jan. 21st, 1879, retiring from the Government on March 13th, 1883, six months before its fall. He occupied a congenial seat as member for the great mining district of Townsville, and on the formation of Sir Thomas McIlwraith's second Cabinet on Jane 13th, 1888, he rejoined his old chief in his former capacity. On Nov. 30th of the same year, when Mr. Morehead reconstructed the cabinet under his own premiership, Mr. Macrossan remained in the ministry, taking the additional office of Colonial Secretary in Jan. 1890. In August of that year he retired with his colleagues. He was a prominent advocate of the subdivision of Queensland, and the constitution of the northern portion into a separate colony. Mr. Macrossan was one of the representatives of Queensland at the session of the Federal Council of Australasia held in Hobart in Jan. to Feb. 1889. He was one of the delegates to the Federation Convention in Sydney, and died in that city on March 30th, 1891. The Queensland Parliament voted £2000 to his widow.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Madden, Hon. Walter

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​Madden, Hon. Walter, M.L.A., brother of John Madden, was born at Cork in 1848, and went to Victoria in 1857. He began his career as a midshipman on the Victorian man of war Victoria, and studied marine surveying. When the vessel was put out of commission he turned his attention to land surveying, and entered the Survey Department of the Lands Office in 1865, becoming District Surveyor at Horsham. He was returned to the Assembly for the Wimmera in Jan. 1880, and still represents the constituency. He was Minister of Lands in the O'Loghlen Government from August 1881 to March 1883, and was sworn of the Executive Council. He has been Chairman of the country party in the Legislative Assembly, was Vice-President of the Commission on Vegetable Products appointed on his motion in 1886, and was a member of the Royal Commission on Irrigation and Water Supply.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Macleay, Sir George

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​Macleay, Sir George, K.C.M.G., who was the son of the late Alexander Macleay, F.R.S., Colonial Secretary of New South Wales from 1823 to 1837, and Speaker of the Legislative Council of that colony from 1843 to 1846, and Elizabeth, his wife, daughter of James Barclay, was born in 1809, and educated at Westminster School. He was associated with the early exploration work of Sturt and Mitchell; and in 1856 he was returned to the first Legislative Assembly elected under responsible government in New South Wales for the Murrumbidgee district. He was created C.M.G. in 1869 and K.C.M.G. in 1875. Sir George, who was lord of the manor of Bletchingley, Surrey, where he resided, married, firstly, in 1842, Barbara St. Clair, daughter of James Innes, D.L., of Thrumster, Caithness, who died in 1869; and, secondly, on Jan. 15th, 1890, Augusta, a daughter of the late W. G. Lams. He died on June 24th, 1891.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Madden, Hon. John

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​Madden, Hon. John, LL.D., is the son of the late John Madden, solicitor, of Cork, Ireland, and was born there on May 16th, 1844. He went to England in Sept. 1852, and was at a private school there until 1854, when he proceeded to a college at Beauchamp, in France, where he remained until Sept. ​1856, when, with the rest of his father's family, he went to Melbourne, Vict., arriving on Jan. 10th, 1857. He matriculated at the Melbourne University in Oct. 1861, and graduated B.A. in 1864 and LL.B. in 1865, in which year he was gold medallist in law. He was admitted LL.D. in 1869, being the first member of the university who passed the course prescribed for that degree. On Sept 14th, 1865, he was admitted to the Victorian Bar, and has held, a leading position in his profession ever since. He was an unsuccessful candidate in 1871 for the district of West Bourke, but at the ensuing general election in 1874 he was returned at the head of the poll for the district. In Oct. 1876 he accepted office as Minister of Justice in the MᶜCulloch Administration, but on going back to his constituency he was defeated by Mr. M. L. King. He continued, however, a member of the Government, and on July 27th, 1876, was elected member for Sandridge (now Port Melbourne), which he represented till 1883. He resigned office with his colleagues in May 1877 after the victory of Mr. Berry at the polls. He was again Minister of Justice under Mr. Service from March to August 1880. Dr. Madden, who has been Warden of the University of Melbourne, and is understood to have refused a judgeship on more than one occasion, has recently taken little active part in politics, but still holds a leading position in his profession.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Madden, Richard Robert

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​Madden, Richard Robert, F.R.C.S., was the son of a Dublin merchant, and went into the medical profession. Subsequently he was appointed a special magistrate in Jamaica, and at a later date took part in a Commission of Inquiry into the Slave Trade on the west coast of Africa. He was for three years Colonial Secretary of Western Australia, and a member of the Executive and Legislative Councils. He died at Booterstown, near Dublin, on Feb. 5th, 1886. Dr. Madden was the author of the "Lives and Times of the United Irishmen" and other works.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Macnab, Henry Black

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​Macnab, Henry Black, acting manager of the Bank of New Zealand in London, commenced his banking career in the National Bank of Scotland at Edinburgh. After about five years in their service he joined the staff of the Bank of British North America, and spent three years in that institution in various parts of Canada. He then returned to England, and was shortly afterwards appointed to a clerkship in the Oriental Bank Corporation. After six months' service in their head office in London he was sent out to join their Australian staff as an assistant accountant, arriving in Melbourne in March 1858; and fifteen months later was appointed to the accountantship at Auckland, N.Z., which post he continued to fill until the establishment of the Bank of New Zealand, in Oct. 1861, when he accepted the secretaryship of that institution. He was married in Auckland in 1863; and having for family reasons found it necessary to return to England, he was transferred to the London branch in 1866, and is now acting manager of the head office there.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Mair, Major William Gilbert

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​Mair, Major William Gilbert, son of Gilbert Mair and Elizabeth (Pinkey) his wife, was born at the Bay of Islands, N.Z., on Nov. 20th, 1832. He served during the Maori war, and was in seventeen actions, being under fire on more than thirty occasions altogether. He was recommended by Colonel Haultain, Minister of Defence, for the decoration of the New Zealand Cross, for "personal valour before the enemy," and received the New Zealand war medal, and was twice mentioned in despatches. During the parley between General Cameron and the Maori insurgents at Orakau in 1864, Major Mair acted as interpreter and conveyed the General's message to Rewi Maniapoto calling upon the enemy to surrender at discretion, when he was fired upon, and the chiefs returned the now historical answer "Friend, we shall fight you for ever and ever!" Major Mair commanded the expedition against the East Coast rebels, resulting in the capture of Te Teko Pa and the surrender of the murderers of the Rev. C. S. Volkner and of Captain James Fulloon, Government agent, who were afterwards tried, convicted and executed. He also commanded the native contingent all through the Tauranga campaign in 1866-7, when he performed the act of personal valour for which he was recommended for the Cross. He was instrumental in obtaining the submission of the Maori king in 1882, when a hundred and twenty stand of arms were handed over to him in token of the King's sincerity. Major Mair was officially thanked by the Colonial Government on this and numerous other occasions. During the nine years of his occupancy ​of the Bench of the Native Lands Court (1882-91) Major Mair investigated some thousands of titles, and passed through his court over two million acres of native land, clothing it with an English title. He has contributed several papers on scientific subjects to the Transactions of the New Zealand Institute. Major Mair, who holds his rank in the New Zealand Militia, was Government agent and resident magistrate at Waikato from 1870 to 1882, and now resides at Auckland. He married at Alexandra, N.Z., on May 15th, 1872, Miss Jane Black.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Macleay, William Sharp

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​Macleay, William Sharp, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., eldest son of the late Hon. Alexander Macleay, M.L.C., F.R.S., was born in London on July 21st, 1792, and educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated with honours. In 1815 he was appointed Secretary to the Board of British Claims, arising out of the conclusion of the French war. In 1825 he was appointed Commissioner and Judge in the Mixed Tribunal of Justice at the Havannah. Ten years later he retired on a pension, and in 1839 arrived in New South Wales, where he was appointed a Trustee of the Australian Museum and a member of the National Board of Education. For a short time also he was a member of the Executive Council, under Sir William Denison. Mr. Macleay, who died on Jan. 26th, 1865, made entomology his principal study, but he was recognised as an authority on geology and zoology.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Mais, Henry Coathupe

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​Mais, Henry Coathupe, M.I.C.E., was born at Westbury-on-Trym, near Bristol, and educated at the Bishop's College, being articled to a civil engineer in 1841. Having made a special study of railway construction, he sailed for Sydney in 1850, with machinery to start an engineering and foundry establishment. This scheme, however, was abandoned, and he was appointed acting engineer of the Sydney Railway Company, and in 1851 accepted employment under the City Commissioners, which he resigned in 1856. Two years later he removed to Melbourne, and assisted in the construction of the Melbourne and Sandhurst Railway until 1862, when he became manager of the Melbourne and Suburban Railway. In March 1867 Mr. Mais accepted the position of Engineer-in-Chief of South Australia, and in Jan. 1871 he was appointed, in addition, General Manager of Railways. In 1876, when the work of the position was redistributed, he retained the post of Engineer-in-Chief and Engineer of Railways and Harbours and Jetties. Mr. Mais resigned in April 1888, and is now in practice in Melbourne as a consulting engineer.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Hoosier State

Edition of 1920. See also Indiana and Hoosier on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
HOOSIER STATE, a popular name for Indiana. The word is said to be a corruption of “husher,” formerly a colloquial name for a fighter or a bully.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/House Snake

Edition of 1920. See also Milk snake on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
HOUSE SNAKE, or MILK SNAKE, a variety of Lampropeltis doliatus, the corn-snake (q.v.) of the South, found abundantly in most parts of the northern half of the United States westward to the Rocky Mountains. The dorsal scales are not at all keeled and the ventral plates often exceed 200 in number; the ground-color is gray with three series of rounded black-bordered brown blotches, and the belly checkered with black and white; a length of four feet is sometimes attained. This is a handsome and mild-tempered colubroid snake, very abundant in farming districts, where it frequently enters houses, but probably in search of mice rather than for the purpose of drinking milk, as is popularly believed. It is an expert climber, often ascending porches and vines attached to the walls of houses. Usually the eggs are deposited in a hole dug in a sandy field.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Huddersfield

Edition of 1920. See also Huddersfield on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
HUDDERSFIELD, England, municipal, county and parliamentary borough in the West Riding of Yorkshire, on the Colne, 16 miles southwest of Leeds. It is the chief seat of the English cloth and woolen manufacture and also manufactures silk, iron and machinery. Coal-mining and stone-quarrying are also carried on extensively. The borough has good water power and many of the industries are run by it. The town is thoroughly modern, is well built and has spacious streets. It has also fine churches and public buildings. There are here a proprietary college affiliated with the University of London, a technical school and several grammar schools. The municipal government is of a high order and has been a pioneer in several important particulars. The town was the first to own and operate its street railways; it owns its gas, electric and water plants, maintains free public libraries, a slaughter-house, public markets, a hospital, cemeteries and a modern sewage disposal plant. It was the first town to adopt an eight-hour labor day. As far back as 1853 artisan's dwellings were established for married couples and for single women as well as for bachelors. In ancient times known as Odersfelt, Huddersfield has been of importance only from the establishment of the woolen industry in the 18th century. A consulate of the United States is located here. Pop. 107,821.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Hughes, Ball

Edition of 1920. See also Robert Ball Hughes on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
HUGHES, Ball, American sculptor: b. London, 19 Jan. 1806; d. Boston, Mass., 5 March 1868. He early exhibited a decided taste for modeling and at 12 years of age made out of wax candle ends a bas-relief copy of a picture representing the wisdom of Solomon, which was afterward cast in silver. He was then placed in the studio of Edward Hodges Bailey, where he remained seven years. At this time he successfully competed for the prize awarded by the Royal Academy, winning the large silver medal for the best copy in bas-relief of the Apollo Belvedere; also the silver medal from the Society of Arts and Sciences for a copy of the Barberini faun, the large silver medal for the best original model from life and a gold medal for an original composition, “Pandora brought by Mercury to Epimetheus.” He emigrated in 1829 to New York, where his first work of importance was a marble statue of Hamilton, for the Merchants' Exchange, which was destroyed by fire in 1835. He also made a life-size statue of Bishop Hobart for the vestry of Trinity Church. Soon afterward he moved to Dorchester, Mass. Among later works of his are the bronze statue of Bowditch at Mount Auburn Cemetery, a bust of Washington Irving and a statuette of General Warren at Bunker Hill. A plaster figure, ‘Little Nell,’ and a group, ‘Uncle Toby and Widow Wadman,’ are in the Boston Athenæum.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Hoover, Herbert Clark

Edition of 1920. See also Herbert Hoover on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
HOOVER, Herbert Clark, American engineer and public official: b. West Branch, Iowa, 10 Aug. 1874. He was graduated at Stanford University. California, in 1895, was assistant on the Arkansas geological survey in 1893 and the United States geological survey of the Sierra Nevada in 1895. In 1896 he was assistant manager of the Carlisle mines, New Mexico, and the Morning Star mines, California. In the following year he went to West Australia as chief of the mining staff of Bewick, Moreing and Company and manager of Hannan's Brown Hill mine. In 1899 he was chief engineer of the Chinese Imperial Bureau of Mines and performed extensive exploration in the interior at China. He took part in the defense of Tientsin during the Boxer disturbances of 1900. From 1900 to 1914 he served successively as general manager, director and partner of various mining companies. In 1915-16 he served as chairman of the American Relief Committee in London and went to Belgium as chairman of the Commission for Relief in Belgium. Under his direction millions of dollars worth of food and clothing were distributed to the needy in devastated Belgium. His efficient record in this position led to his appointment in 1917 by President Wilson as food controller for the United States. See Food Problems and the War.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/House of the Seven Gables

Edition of 1920. See also The House of the Seven Gables on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
HOUSE OF THE SEVEN GABLES. A romance written by Nathaniel Hawthorne immediately after the ‘Scarlet Letter’ (q.v.) and published in 1852. The scene is laid in Salem, the author's native town, which he had quitted for a residence in western Massachusetts when his fellow townsmen became incensed over the personalities in the Introduction to the ‘Scarlet Letter.’ Something of the resentment shown in this unfortunate sketch is seen in the creation of Judge Pyncheon, the villain of ‘The House of the Seven Gables,’ who is said to have been drawn after the local politician whom Hawthorne held chiefly responsible for his removal from the Salem custom-house. Other materials in the tale which have a personal or family origin are the inherited curse of the Pyncheons, which was really invoked on an early Hawthorne who was one of the witch-judges, and the account of lost title-deeds to vast estates in Maine, which was one of the traditions in the family of the author's mother. The story involves the aristocratic Pyncheons, who own the house of the seven gables, and their humble fellow-townsmen, the Maules. Between these two families has existed a strange relationship since early colonial times when Matthew Maule pronounced a dying curse on his enemy, a Pyncheon who had brought about his condemnation as a wizard. The reader, however, cares far less for the plot which brings about the removal of the curse than for the treatment of characters and scenes, and the atmosphere which pervades the whole. There is an element of humor which is lacking in the ‘Scarlet Letter’ and no work of the author shows better his delicacy and subtlety. The portrayal of Hepzibah, the poverty-stricken but proud descendant of the Pyncheons, is masterly in its blending of sympathy and playfulness. While inferior to the ‘Scarlet Letter’ as a unified work, ‘The House of the
Seven Gables’ is richer in passages that linger in the reader's memory, and is the romance of Hawthorne most frequently studied in schools and recommended for the reading of young persons.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Hudson, Erasmus Darwin

Edition of 1920. See also Erasmus Darwin Hudson, Jr. on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
HUDSON, Erasmus Darwin, American physician: b. Northampton, Mass., 1843; d. New York, 1887. In 1864 he was graduated at the College of the City of New York and three years later at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York. He entered Bellevue Hospital as surgeon immediately thereafter, and in 1869-70 was appointed health officer of New York city. Subsequently he was professor of principles and practise of medicine at the Woman's Medical College (1872-82), and from the last-named year until his death was professor of general medicine and diseases of the chest at the New York Polyclinic. His works include ‘Report of Pulse and Respiration of Infants’ (in Eliot's Obstetric Clinic, 1872); ‘Doctors, Hygiene and Therapeutics’ (1877); ‘Methods of Examining Weak Chests’ (1885); ‘Limitations of the Diagnosis of Malaria’ (1885); ‘Home Treatment of Consumptives’ (1886); ‘Physical Diagnosis of Thoracic Diseases’ (1887).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Hudson, George

Edition of 1920. See also George Hudson on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
HUDSON, George, English railway speculator: b. York, March 1800: d. London, 14 Dec. 1871. He began as a linendraper's apprentice, and soon acquired a considerable fortune in that business. At the age of 27, he fell heir to £30,000. He immediately began to invest in railroads, especially in the North Midland line, and his energy and zeal soon elevated him to the position of director. In 1833 he organized the York Banking Company, and in 1837 became mayor of York. The projection of new railroads now occupied his attention, until, by 1844, he was the owner of more than 1,000 miles of railway and was known as the ‘railway king.’ His fortune accumulated rapidly and honors were heaped upon him. Re-election to the mayoralty came twice; and finally, in 1845, he was sent to Parliament. Two years later the crash came; railway property experienced a sudden decline, and Hudson was involved in overwhelming difficulties. Investigations revealed the fact that the money invested had been unscrupulously handled; Hudson spent his last years on the Continent, living on an annuity supplied by his friends.