OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# China Bangladesh Communique Establishing Diplomatic Relations

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The Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh have decided to establish diplomatic relations as from 4th October, 1975 and to exchange Ambassadors.
Chiao Kuan-hua Minister for Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China
Justice Abu Sayeed Chowdhury Minister of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of Bangladesh
October 4th 1975
This work is in the public domain in the U.S. because it is an edict of a government, local or foreign. See § 313.6(C)(2) of the Compendium II: Copyright Office Practices. Such documents include "legislative enactments, judicial decisions, administrative rulings, public ordinances, or similar types of official legal materials" as well as "any translation prepared by a government employee acting within the course of his or her official duties."
These do not include works of the Organization of American States, United Nations, or any of the UN specialized agencies. See Compendium III § 313.6(C)(2) and 17 U.S.C. 104(b)(5).
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# China India Notes Establishing Diplomatic Relations

* related portals: China, India.
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His Excellency General Chow En-lai,
Minister of Foreign Affairs,
People's Republic of China,
Peking.
Dated 30th December 1949.
Excellency,
I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter dated 2nd October 1949 which was communicated to me by our Ambassador in Nanking. In that communication Your Excellency has conveyed the desire of your Government to establish diplomatic relations with India on basis of the principles of equality, mutual interests and mutual respect for territorial and sovereign rights. Having given full consideration to Your Excellency's communication as well as to the subsequent developments in China, the Government of India have decided that they should accord recognition to the People's Republic of China. I am accordingly happy to convey to Your Excellency the Government of India's recognition of your Government and, at the same time, to express our desire for entering into diplomatic relations with your Government. I am confident that this will further strengthen the immemorial friendship between India and China and will con duce to the stability of Asia and the peace of the world.
Please accept, Excellency, the assurances of my highest consideration.
(Signed) Jawaharlal Nehru Minister for External Affairs, INDIA Ends.
His Excellency Jawaharlal Nehru
Minister for External Affairs India New Delhi
Excellency,
On behalf of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China, I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your telegram of December30, 1949, notifying the desire of the government of India for entering into diplomatic relations with the government of the People's Republic of China. I hereby inform you that the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China is willing to establish diplomatic relations between the People's Republic of China and the Union of India on the basis of equality, mutual benefits and mutual respect for territorial sovereignty, and hope that your government would send its representatives to Peking to conduct talks on this matter.
Please accept, Excellency, the assurances of my highest consideration.
CHOU EN LAI Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. January 4, 1950
# China Djibouti Communique Establishing Diplomatic Relations

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The Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Djibouti have decided to establish diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial level as of January 8th 1979 and their respective ambassadors to the other country at the earli�est possible time.
In accordance with the principles of mutual respect for national sovereignty and territorial integrity, non-aggression against the other country, non-interference into internal affairs of the other country, equality and mutual benefit and peaceful coexistence, the two governments will establish and maintain diplomatic relations.
The Government of the People's Republic of China resolutely supports the just cause of the Government of the Republic of Djibouti to safeguard national independence, state sovereignty and territorial integrity.
The Government of Djibouti acknowledges that the Government of the People's Republic of China is the only legitimate government representing the entire Chinese people.
The Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Djibouti have decided through consultations that on the basis of equality and mutual benefit and in accordance with international practices, all the necessary assistance will be rendered for the other country to build the embassy in their respective capitals and for the embassy of the other country to perform its duty properly.
Both governments believe that the establishment and maintainence of diplomatic relations between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Djibouti will help develop friendly relations and cooperation between the two countries and safeguard world peace.
Representative of the Government of the People's Republic of China, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the People's Republic of China to the Republic of France Han Kehua (signature)
Representative the Government of the Republic of Djibouti, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Djibouti to the Republic of France Ahmad Ibrahim Adi (signature)
January 5th 1979 in Paris
# China Indonesia Communique Resuming Diplomatic Relations

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Beijing, 3 July 1990
The Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Indonesia, in conformity with their agreement reached in Tokyo on 23 February 1989 on the normalization of relations between the two countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence and the Ten Principles of the Bandung Conference, have decided, through friendly consultations, to resume diplomatic relations between the two countries effective from 8 August 1990.
Accordingly, the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Indonesia have agreed to exchange Ambassadors and provide each other with facilities for the reopening of their respective diplomatic missions.
The two sides announce that upon the invitation of H.E. President Soeharto, H.E. premier Li Peng will make an official goodwill visit to Indonesia on the occasion of the resumption of diplomatic relations.
This work is in the public domain in the U.S. because it is an edict of a government, local or foreign. See § 313.6(C)(2) of the Compendium II: Copyright Office Practices. Such documents include "legislative enactments, judicial decisions, administrative rulings, public ordinances, or similar types of official legal materials" as well as "any translation prepared by a government employee acting within the course of his or her official duties."
These do not include works of the Organization of American States, United Nations, or any of the UN specialized agencies. See Compendium III § 313.6(C)(2) and 17 U.S.C. 104(b)(5).
A non-American governmental edict may still be copyrighted outside the U.S. Similar to {{PD-in-USGov}}, the above U.S. Copyright Office Practice does not prevent U.S. states or localities from holding copyright abroad, depending on foreign copyright laws and regulations.
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# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Installation

From volume 8 of the work.
(Lat. installare, to put into a stall).
This word, strictly speaking, applies to the solemn induction of a canon into the stall or seat which he is to occupy in the choir of a cathedral or collegiate church. It is the symbolical act (institutio corporalis) by which a canon is put in possession of the functions which he exercises in the chapter, and by which the chapter admits him. The ceremonies of this installation are regulated by local usage; very often they consist in the assignment of a staff in the choir and a place in the hall in which the meetings of the chapter are held. At the same time the dean invests the new canon with the capitular insignia, puts the biretta on his head, and receives his profession of faith and his oath to observe the statutes of the chapter. The term installation is also applied to the institutio corporalis, or putting in possession of any ecclesiastical benefice whatsoever (see INSTITUTION, CANONICAL); or, again, to the solemn entry of a parish priest into his new parish, even when this solemn act takes place after the parish priest has really been put in possession of his benefice. The corresponding ceremony for a bishop is known as enthronization (q.v.).
AYERR, De symbolica canonicorum et canonicarum investitura (Göttingen, 1768); MAYER, Thesaurus novus juris ecclesiastici (Ratisbon, 1791-1794); FERRARIS, Prompta bibliotheca, s.v. Canonicatus, II (Paris, 1861), 134-138; HINSCHIUS, System des katholischen Kirchenrechts, II (Berlin, 1878), 700.
A. VAN HOVE
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Institute of Bon Secours (de Paris)

From volume 2 of the work.
I. INSTITUTE OF BON SECOURS (DE PARIS)
The first of the congregations of nursing sisters, gardes malades, founded in France during the nineteenth century, whose object is to take care of both rich and poor patients in their own homes. This congregation was begun by Archbishop de Quélen of Paris in 1822 and was formally approved by Pope Pius IX in June, 1875. Its members nurse the poor gratuitously. Patients who can afford it pay for such service. The habit of the sisters is black; they wear a white cap with frilled border and a black veil. Besides the sixteen houses of the congregation in France, there are four in Ireland, one in England, two in the United states, and one in Belgium. The motherhouse is in Paris. The scope of the institute is expressed in the constitutions: "After the personal sanctification of its members, the principal aim of this pious society is the care of the sick in their own homes". Although these sisters had governmental approbation and complied with the fiscal laws in France they have suffered heavily by the recent religious persecution. Four large schools which had been started in behalf of miners' children and at the urgent request of the mining population of Northern France (Lille, Lens, etc.) were closed on the plea that they formed no part of the institute's approved charter. And with the schools were also suppressed attendance by the sisters on sick or wounded miners and a very interesting work called "la goutte de lait", or "the drop of milk," a sort of dispensary wherein the sisters superintended the food of miners' infants.
II. INSTITUTE OF BON SECOURS (DE TROVERS)
A congregation founded at Arcis-sur-Aube, Frnnce, in 1840, by the Very Reverend Paul-Sébastien Millet, canon of the Cathedral of Troyes. The motherhouse was moved to Troyes in 1843 and the name of that place was added to the title of the congregation in order to distinguish it from other sisterhoods whose object is also to nurse the sick in their own homes. The members of this congregation make no distinction because of the creed or financial condition of their patients. The poor are nursed free. Those who can afford to make some recompense do so, the sisters accept what is given them, but are not allowed to beg. The approbation of the constitutions of the congregation was not given to the Holy See until the novices go to the motherhouse in France for three years. Vows are renewed annually for five years, then made for five years, and finally perpetual vows are taken. The habit is black with a small cape, a black veil, and white guimpe. A crucifix suspended by a purple ribbon is worn around the neck. There are 120 houses of these sisters in various countries, most of them in France, outside of which territory there are three in Belgium, four in Italy, one in Spain, three in England, one in the United States, and 6 in Africa. The sisters number about 1000.
THOMAS F. MEEHAN
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Institute of Mission Helpers of the Sacred Heart

From volume 8 of the work.
In the autumn of 1888, there came to Baltimore, Maryland, a convert, Mrs. Hartwell, who previous to her reception into the Church had been interested in works of charity. Under the spiritual direction of Father Slattery, provincial of St. Joseph's Society for the coloured missions she began to catechize the negro children, and was soon joined by some companions. In the autumn of 1890, these ladies wishing to become religious laid the foundations of a community under the name of "Mission Helpers, Daughters of the Holy Ghost". The work was missionary and catechetical, but was exclusively for the coloured race, the sisters binding themselves thereto by a special vow. Very soon an industrial school for girls was opened. In 1895, the name of the institute was changed to "Mission Helpers of the Sacred Heart" and the members were dispensed from the "negro" vow. Thus there was no longer any distinction made as to race in the work of the sisters, which from that time was to embrace all the neglected poor. Hence, the field of missionary and catechetical labour was greatly broadened. A direct result of this change was the opening in 1897 of a school for deaf-mutes, at the request of Cardinal Gibbons. This school, St. Francis Xavier's, was the first Catholic institution for deaf-mutes in the ecclesiastical province of Baltimore. In Porto Rico, also, there was no provision whatsoever for deaf-mutes who were poor, until the Mission Helpers opened a school there, shortly after making their foundation in San Juan in 1902. This was a heavy undertaking, as the demands on the sisters for missionary and catechetical work in Porto Rico were very great, and the need urgent.
At the first general chapter of the institute, which was held on 5 November, 1906, by command of Cardinal Gibbons, a constitution was adopted, and a superior general and her assistants elected according to its prescriptions. At this first election Mother M. Demetrias was chosen as mother general. The community was then officially declared canonically organized. Two important matters were settled about that time by ecclesiastical authority. The sisters were released from the observance of the vow which they had made to offer their prayers and good works for the welfare of the clergy, it having been declared uncanonical. Perpetual adoration was also discontinued because of the bodily hardship it entailed. On account of their missionary labours the sisters were unable to keep up the work of adoration, without grave detriment to their health, consequently it was decided to restrict it to the First Fridays. The active work of the institute as outlined by the constitution embraces the keeping of industrial schools for coloured girls; schools for deaf-mutes; day-nurseries; teaching catechism and giving instruction wherever needed; visiting the poor in their own homes, and in institutions, such as hospitals and alms-houses, and preparing the dying for the last sacraments. There are houses of the institute in New York, Trenton, Porto Rico, and Baltimore.
SISTER M. DE SALES
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Jesus Christ

From volume 8 of the work.
See subarticles.
We give honour to the Name of Jesus, because it reminds us of all the blessings we receive through our Holy Redeemer.
In this article, we discuss the ancient historical documents — pagan, Jewish, and Christian — referring to Christ's life and work.
In this article, we shall endeavour to establish the absolute and relative chronology of our Lord's life.
Here we consider the character of Jesus as manifested first in His relation to men, then in His relation to God.
The Incarnation is the mystery and dogma of the Word made Flesh.
Resurrection is the rising again from the dead, the resumption of life. In this article, we shall treat of the Resurrection of Jesus Christ, including its characteristics and importance.
Devotion to the Sacred Heart is but a special form of devotion to Jesus.
Christology is that part of theology which deals with Our Lord Jesus Christ. In its full extent it comprises the doctrines concerning both the person of Christ and His works; but in the present article we shall limit ourselves to a consideration of the person of Christ.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Jesu Dulcis Memoria

From volume 16 of the work.
A poem ranging from forty two to fifty three stanzas (in various manuscripts), to form the three hymns of the Office of the Holy Name: "Jesu dulcis memoria" (Vespers), "Jesu rex admirabilis" (Matins), "Jesu decus angelicum" (Lauds). A feature of the long poem is the single rhymic scheme for a stanza, e.g.:
   Jesu dulcis memoria,
   Dans vera cordis gaudia,
   Sed super mel et omnia
   Ejus dulcis præsentia.
The ascription of authorship to St. Bernard is general and, thinks Mearns, (Dict. of Hymnology, 1892), probable — a view which he is still inclined to in the second edition of the "Dictionary" (1907). Guéranger thought that certain manuscripts "prove beyond a doubt" that it was composed in the fourteenth century by a Benedictine abbess — a view contradicted by the manuscript cited by Mearns, of about 1200. Blume (see Hymnody and Hymnology) denies its authorship by St. Bernard, and Dom Pothier (Revue bénédictine, X, 147) found it in a manuscript of the eleventh century ascribed to a Benedictine abbess (St. Bernard was born in 1090). Mearns in Dictionary of Hymnology (2nd ed., London, 1907), 585, 1536, 1656; to the list should be added trs. by Bagshawe, Breviary Hymns and Missal Sequences (London, 1900); Donahoe, Early Christian Hymns, series I (New York, 1908); Henry in American Ecclesiastical Review (Jan., 1900), Latin text, tr., and comment, and (Feb., 1900), comment on authorship.
H.T. HENRY
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Paolo Vergani

From volume 15 of the work.
Italian political economist, b. in Piedmont, 1753; d. in Paris, about 1820. As a student, he devoted himself especially to ecclesiastical and civil law, and history. Having won distinction in theology, and been ordained priest, he went to Rome the better to prosecute his studies and soon became a canon of St. John Lateran. It was then that he wrote the "Trattato sulla pena di morte" (2nd ed., Milan, 1780), the "Discorso sulla giustizia criminale", and "Dell' enormità del duello", which earned for him a distinguished position among the jurists of the eighteenth century and particularly contributed to the reform of the criminal law. It was also probably due to them that he was appointed assessor general of finances and commerce, and inspector of agriculture and he arts. He wrote on the financial system of the Pontifical States as reformed by Pius VI (Rome, 1791), taking the position of an advocate of import duties for the protection of home industries, and maintaining that agriculture cannot be the only source of wealth in a state. He displays at the same time a thorough acquaintance with the history of political economy. In this work the author makes a remarkable appeal to religion and the duty of Christian charity, asserting the necessity of protecting and fostering the home industries, which provide occupation for so large a number of people, while manufacturing and foreign importation give work to only a few. This literary activity was interrupted for some thirty years: the Lateran Chapter having been dispersed in 1811, Monsignor Vergani went to Paris and there supported himself by giving lessons in Italian. He published also "la législation de Napoléon le Grand considéréé dans ses rapports avec l'agriculture" (Paris, 1812) and "Essai historique sur le dernière persécution de l'église" (1814).
U. BENIGNI
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Papacy

From volume 11 of the work.
This term is employed in an ecclesiastical and in an historical signification. In the former of these uses it denotes the ecclesiastical system in which the pope as successor of St. Peter and Vicar of Jesus Christ governs the Catholic Church as its supreme head. In the latter, it signifies the papal influence viewed as a political force in history. (See APOSTOLIC SEE; APOSTOLIC SUCCESSION; CHURCH; PAPAL ARBITRATION; POPE; UNITY.)
G. H. Joyce.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Ochre

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
OCHRE, a combination of peroxide of iron with water; but the name is generally applied to clays colored with the oxides of iron obtained from the ferruginous mud separated from tin and copper ores; and it is also found in natural beds some feet thick. Ochres vary in color from a pale sandy yellow to a brownish red.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Office Buildings

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​ OFFICE BUILDINGS. The construction of edifices designed for purely commercial uses has in modern times reached a development that has made it a field for architecture paralleling the erection of cathedrals in the Middle Ages. In this development America has greatly surpassed the countries of Europe, where the use of former dwellings for business purposes, and the use of dwellings for residences and business combined is still largely in vogue. Banks and insurance companies, and enterprises of a similar kind, to whom a prosperous façade was an advertising asset, were the first to use special structures, but the giant progress of modern business has made the building of great edifices like the Equitable and Woolworth buildings of New York a necessity. The development of the elevator and steel frame has made such building the last word in convenience.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Ogden, Robert Curtis

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​ OGDEN, ROBERT CURTIS, an American capitalist and merchant; born in Philadelphia, Pa., 1836; died New York City, 1913. He was educated in a private school and at Yale. From 1885, until he retired, in 1907, he was a member of the firm of John Wanamaker. During his life he was much interested in education and was a trustee of Tuskegee Institute, in Alabama, president Southern Education Board, Conference for Education in the South, and president and trustee of Hampton Institute.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/O'Reilly, Peter J.

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​O'REILLY, PETER J., an American Roman Catholic bishop, born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1853. He was educated in Ireland and was ordained priest in 1877. In the same year he came to America. In 1901 he was consecrated Bishop of Lebedos, Diocese of Peoria.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Offa's Dyke

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​ OFFA'S DYKE, an entrenchment extending along the border of England and Wales, from the N. coast of Flintshire, on the estuary of the Dee, through Denbigh, Montgomery, Salop, Radnor, and Hereford, into Gloucestershire, where its S. termination is near the mouth of the Wye. In some places it is nearly obliterated by cultivation; in others it is of considerable height. Nearly parallel with it, about 2 miles to the E., is Watt's Dyke, which, however, seems never to have been so great a work. Offa, King of Mercia, is said to have erected Watt's Dyke in 765 to keep back the Welsh, and Offa's Dyke a few years later.