# Primary Lessons in Swatow Grammar/Lesson XI
## tõ-chí,

    here.

## tõ-hṳ́,

    there.

## tõ-lãi,

    inside.

## tõ-hṳ́ lãi-lãi,

    away inside there.

## lãi-pôiⁿ,

    inside.

## tõ-chhù-lãi,

    in the house.

## sì-hái chṳ-lãi,

    all within the four seas (China).

## tõ-gūa,

    outside.

## gūa-pôiⁿ,

    outside„

## tõ-chhân--kò,

    in the field.

## tõ-chièⁿ-pôiⁿ,

    on this side.

## tõ-hièⁿ-pôiⁿ,

    on that side.

## tõ-mīn-chôiⁿ,

    before you.

## thâu-chôiⁿ,

    before„ you„

## tõ ka-chiah-ãu,

    behind you.

## tõ-chiēⁿ; tõ-ẽ,

    up above; below.

## tõ-lâu-ẽ,

    downstairs.

## tõ-lâu-téng,

    upstairs.

## tõ-gu̍t-pâng,

    in the bedroom.

## tõ Kak-chie̍h,

    at Kak-chieh.

## tõ hṳ́-phìⁿ-mue̍h,

    beside that thing.

## tõ-hṳ́ kha--thâu,

    there at the foot of it.

## tõ-suaⁿ-kha,

    at the foor of the mountain.

## tõ-hṳ́ chhn̂g-téng,

    on that table.

## tõ-keh-tói,

    in the drawer.

## khoi hièⁿ-pôiⁿ,

    across the river.

## tī-hng,

    place.

## tī-hng hó,

    the place is a good one.

## tī-hng khah-o̍ih,

    the place is too narrow.

## sì-hng,

    the four regions; everywhere.

## i só-tõ,

    the place where he is.

## ūi-chhṳ̀,

    place.

## bô-ūi-chhṳ̀,

    no place.

## tõ tî-kâi-ūi,

    in what place?

## tõ tî-kò-lâi,

    whence come you?

## tī-kài,

    land boundary.

## sì-chiu-ûi,

    all around the four sides.

## kok-kài,

    boundary of a kingdom.

## bô-kò hó-pàng,

    no place to put it.

## sì-chì; sì-phìⁿ,

    the four quarters; all around about. ​

## thiⁿ,

    heaven. tī, earth.

## thiⁿ-tī buān-mue̍h,

    heaven, earth and all things; the universe.

## thiⁿ-chiēⁿ,

    tī-ẽ, heaven above and earth beneath.

## phóu-thiⁿ-ẽ; thong-thiⁿ-ẽ,

    all under heaven.

## kàu-tī-ke̍k,

    to the ends of the earth.

## tī-ge̍k,

    hell. im-kan; im-hú, hades.

## suaⁿ-téng hái-tói,

    on land and sea.

## pùaⁿ-thiⁿ,

    the middle heaven; the sky.

## tõ-hái tin-tang,

    in the sea.

## chiu-ûi le-le-tńg,

    all around; the circumference.

## tong-sim; taⁿ-ng; tong-iang,

    in the centre.

## thûan-thûan lìn-tńg; suân-suân lìn-tńg,

    all round about.

## sì-sùaⁿ,

    scattered abroad.

## sie-tú,

    mutually touching. sie-sùa, connected.

## sie-chiap,

    connected, spliced.

## tìn-tang,

    in among.

## chiēⁿ-ẽ,

    up and down.

## chiēⁿ-chiēⁿ ẽ-ẽ,

    up and„ down„ (emphatic).

## chhù-piⁿ,

    neighboring. lîn-kṳ̃n; lîn-iũ, near by.

## sie-kiam-kài,

    boundaries adjoining.

## sie-tùi; sie-tùi-mīn,

    opposite.

## sie-hiàng,

    fronting each other.

## hñg-hñg,

    a long way off. kṳ̃n-kṳ̃n, near by.

## hñg-kṳ̃n,

    far and near. hñg-lõu lâi, come from a distance.

## tng-mīn,

    face to face.

## tùi-hṳ́-kò khṳ̀,

    go that way.

## pí-tùi Sùaⁿ-thâu khṳ̀,

    head for Swatow.

## tang,

    sai, lâm, pak, east, west, south, and north.

## tõ-tang-pôiⁿ,

    on the east side.

## tõ sai-lâm-pôiⁿ,

    on the south-west side.

## kṳ̃n-tõ Hiang-Káng,

    near to Hong Kong.

## àiⁿ-kàu Tah-thâu chiũ-sĩ,

    it is just as you reach Tah-thau.

## chang-chhiú lâi-kí,

    to point with the hand.

## chí-tiám; kí-tiám,

    to point out; to indicate.

## kiâⁿ-ti̍t-ti̍t khṳ̀,

    go straight ahead. ​

## chí-kâi hieⁿ-lí seⁿ tõ-tî-kò?

    where is this village situated?

## chí-kâi hieⁿ-lí seⁿ-tõ khoi-hièⁿ-pôiⁿ,

    the village is situated on the other side of the river.

## i khiã-khí tõ tang-mn̂g,

    he lives at the East gate.

## hái-piⁿ; hái-kak; hái-phiâⁿ,

    the seashore; the coast; the beach.

## sie-keh,

    separated from each other.

## keh ũ-tiâu-khoi,

    separated by a river.

## keh ũ-tiâu suaⁿ-lêng,

    separated by a mountain ridge.

## keh ũ-tî,

    separated by a pool.

## keh bô-ūa-hñg,

    separated not far.

## lî bô-ũa-hñg; lî-khui bô-ũa-hñg,

    not far away.

## hiàng-lâm khṳ̀,

    go towards the south.

## nià-pak khṳ̀,

    go towards the north.

## u̍t tõ-pak khṳ̀,

    turn towards the north.

## nià tî-kò khṳ̀?

    which way shall I go?

## lṳ́ kâi-chûn-thâu nià-m̄-tie̍h,

    the head of your boat is directed wrong.

## lî-chí-kò ũ-saⁿ-ji̍t lōu-thâu,

    distant from here three days’ journey.

## lî-chí-kò ũ cha̍p-phòu-lōu,

    distant from here ten leagues fo road.

## lî-chí-kò chiàⁿ-kàu nõ-lí-lōu,

    distant from here barely up to two li only.

## màiⁿ u̍t-lâi, u̍t-khṳ̀,

    don’t turn to and fro.

## hièⁿ-tùi tî-kò-khṳ̀?

    towards which way has he gone?

## m̄-chai ũ jie̍h-hñg--bô,

    I don’t know whether it is far or not.

## bô-jie̍h-hñg; bô-ũa-hñg,

    not very far.

## hñg--ā! bô-jie̍h-hñg, far!

    it is not very far.

## hñg-pùaⁿ ji̍t lōu-thâu,

    it is distant half a day’s journey.

## chhoiⁿ-lí-hñg,

    distant a thousand li.

## būan-lí-hñg,

    distant ten-thousand li.

## hñg kàu-bô-ke̍k,

    distant beyond limit.

## chí--tiâu hñg kúi-hua̍h,

    byu this road distant a few steps.

## khah-hñg--lī,

    O, it’s too far.

## mê-hng khá õi-tit-kàu, mē?

    Can I get there by evening?

## ùi-káⁿ-bōi--ā,

    afraid you can’t.

## àiⁿ peh-khí suaⁿ-téng, che̍k-tiám-cheng õi-tit-kàu, mē?

    I want to climb the mountain, in an hour can I reach (the top)?

## chò-hièⁿ-kōi, ā!

    how so easy as that!

## àiⁿ-kàu a-būe? ka-lô,

    are we about to reach there? Far from it.
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