OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Venning, Walter

​VENNING, WALTER (1781–1821), philanthropist, younger brother of John Venning [q. v.], was born at Totnes, Devonshire, on 15 Nov. 1781. He began business life in London with an elder brother, William, but in 1799 he joined another brother, John, at St. Petersburg, remaining in this connection till 1807. In 1810 he came under strong religious impressions, which were deepened by his mother's death in 1811; on 6 Sept. 1811 he joined the congregational church. On the formation in 1815 of the Society for the Improvement of Prison Discipline he became an active member, and on returning to St. Petersburg in 1817 founded a similar society there in 1819. Through Prince Alexander Galitzin he obtained permission ‘to visit the Russian prisons at all times.’ In 1818 he visited those of Moscow. He proposed to visit Denmark on a similar errand in August 1820, but was beaten back by weather. He died at his brother's country house on 10 Jan. 1821 of typhus, caught while visiting a prison at St. Petersburg. He was buried at St. Petersburg, where a monument was erected to his memory by the St. Petersburg Society for the Improvement of Prisons.
A. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Manning, John Edmondson

​MANNING, JOHN EDMONDSON (1848–1910), unitarian divine, son of John Manning, schoolmaster in Liverpool, was born there on 22 March 1848. His preparation for the ministry was largely due to his brother-in-law, George Beaumont, unitarian minister at Gateacre. He studied at Queen's College Liverpool (1866–8), Manchester New College, London (1868–73), and at Leipzig (1875–6); he graduated B.A. at London University in 1872; was Hibbert scholar in 1873, and proceeded M.A. in 1876. His settlements in the ministry were Swansea (1876–89) and Upper Chapel, Sheffield (1889–1902). While at Swansea he was (1878-88) visitor and examiner in Hebrew and Greek to the Presbyterian College, Carmarthen. Of the Unitarian Home Missionary College, Manchester, he was visitor (1892–4), and from 1894 till his death tutor in Old Testament, Hebrew, and philosophy. His ministries had been greatly successful, and his sound learning gave distinction to his academic career.
He died (of the effects of pleurisy, contracted on a holiday in Italy) on 30 April 1910, at his residence, Harper Hill, Sale, Manchester. He was buried in the Dan-y-Graig cemetery, Swansea. He married in 1879 Emma, youngest daughter of George Browne Brock, J.P. (formerly minister at Swansea), who survived him with three daughters.
He published, besides separate sermons and tracts:
* 'A History of Upper Chapel, Sheffield,' Sheffield, 1900 (one of the best congregational histories).
* 'Addresses at the Unitarian Home Missionary College,' Manchester, 1903 (six addresses biennially from 1895, on topics of his chair, also separately issued).
* 'Thomas a Kempis, and the "De Imitatione Christi,"' Manchester, 1907 (a valuable excursus).
[Christian Life, 7 May 1910 (memoir by present writer); Manning's Hist. Upper Chapel, 1900.]
A. G.
# Putting People over Fish: Stopping Radical Environmentalism to Provide Water to Southern California

Posted at https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/putting-people-over-fish-stopping-radical-environmentalism-to-provide-water-to-southern-california/ on 2025-01-20
January 20, 2025
Memorandum for the Secretary of Commerce
The Secretary of the Interior
Subject: Putting People over Fish: Stopping Radical Environmentalism to Provide Water to Southern California
I hereby direct the Secretary of Commerce and Secretary of the Interior, in consultation with the heads of other departments and agencies of the United States as necessary, to immediately restart the work from my first Administration by the National Marine Fisheries Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Reclamation, and other agencies to route more water from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta to other parts of the state for use by the people there who desperately need a reliable water supply.
During my first term, the State of California, at the direction of its Governor, filed a lawsuit to stop my Administration from implementing improvements to California’s water infrastructure. My Administration’s plan would have allowed enormous amounts of water to flow from the snow melt and rainwater in rivers in Northern California to beneficial use in the Central Valley and Southern California. This catastrophic halt was allegedly in protection of the Delta smelt and other species of fish. Today, this enormous water supply flows wastefully into the Pacific Ocean.
The recent deadly and historically destructive wildfires in Southern California underscore why the State of California needs a reliable water supply and sound vegetation management practices in order to provide water desperately needed there, and why this plan must immediately be reimplemented.
Within 90 days of the date of this memorandum, the Secretary of Commerce and Secretary of the Interior shall report to me regarding the progress made in implementing the policies in this memorandum and provide any recommendations regarding future implementation.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Keeping Americans Safe in Aviation

Posted to https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/keeping-americans-safe-in-aviation/ on 2025-01-20.
SUBJECT: Keeping Americans Safe in Aviation
Every day, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), within the U.S. Department of Transportation, oversees safety for more than 45,000 flights and 2.9 million airline passengers. These Americans trust the FAA’s public servants with their lives, and it is therefore imperative that they maintain a commitment to excellence and efficiency.
During the prior administration, however, the FAA betrayed its mission by elevating dangerous discrimination over excellence. For example, prior to my Inauguration, the FAA Diversity and Inclusion website revealed that the prior administration sought to specifically recruit and hire individuals with serious infirmities that could impact the execution of their essential life-saving duties.
Illegal and discriminatory diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) hiring, including on the basis of race, sex, disability, or any other criteria other than the safety of airline passengers and overall job excellence, competency, and qualification, harms all Americans, who deserve to fly with confidence. It also penalizes hard-working Americans who want to serve in the FAA but are unable to do so, as they lack a requisite disability or skin color. FAA employees must hold the qualifications and have the ability to perform their jobs to the highest possible standard of excellence.
I hereby order the Secretary of Transportation and the Federal Aviation Administrator to immediately return to non-discriminatory, merit-based hiring, as required by law. All so-called DEI initiatives, including all dangerous preferencing policies or practices, shall immediately be rescinded in favor of hiring, promoting, and otherwise treating employees on the basis of individual capability, competence, achievement, and dedication.
The Secretary of Transportation and the Federal Aviation Administrator shall review the past performance and performance standards of all individuals in critical safety positions and take all appropriate action to ensure that any individual who fails or has failed to demonstrate requisite capability is replaced by a high-capability individual that will ensure top-notch air safety and efficiency.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Memory Systems New and Old/Bibliography of Mnemonics

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MNEMONICS. 1325-1888.
Works on the training of the Memory, whether known as Mnemonics or not, have been included.
The Bibliography in its own field—publications in Latin and English—is believed to be fairly complete, from 1325 to 1888.
Most of the important works in French and German will also be found here.
Corrections of errors discovered, or additions suggested, will be gratefully received.
The following have been freely consulted: Bibliotheca Americana, Bibliotheca Britannica, American Catalogue, English Catalogue, Poole's Index, and Book Chat; also the works of Feinaigle, Pick, and Middleton; all of which contain admirable critical bibliographies, more or less extended. Where the title is a transcript from a standard bibliography the source is indicated by a letter or letters following the title.
In justice to the reader, a few words should be added with reference to some of the more important books in the following list Of Fauvel-Gouraud's Phrenomnemotechny, the North American Review for July, 1845, said: "This is one of the most remarkable books it has ever fallen to our lot to examine. In style, manner, and matter it will here-after rank among the most curious of the curiosities of literature." Dr. Pick's Memory and a Rational Means of Improving It needs no commendation here. The extracts so fully quoted elsewhere amply attest its merit. Middleton's All about Mnemonics is simply invaluable to one who would know something of the different systems and their history. The perusal of Appleby's Loisette's Art of Never Forgetting compared with Mnemonics will well repay every student of Loisette.
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# The New International Encyclopædia/Siddons, Sarah

Edition of 1905. See also Sarah Siddons on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​SID′DONS, Mrs. Sarah (1755-1831). A celebrated English actress. She was the daughter of Roger Kemble (q.v.) and was born at Brecon, in Wales. As a mere child she showed the family genius for the stage, and during her youth she played as a member of her father's company in the provincial towns. She married William Siddons, an actor, in 1773. Shortly afterwards she attracted such great attention that Garrick heard her praises in London and offered her an engagement at the Drury Lane Theatre, where, December 29, 1775, she made her first appearance, acting Portia in The Merchant of Venice. Her beauty and fine person pleased the audience, but as an actress she made no great impression. At the end of the season she was not reëngaged. She returned to London in 1782 to enjoy a career of triumph as indisputably the greatest actress of her time, having spent the intervening years on the stages of provincial cities. As Isabella in The Fatal Marriage, she reappeared at Drury Lane on October 10, 1782. In 1784 her popularity was temporarily obscured by a calumny which charged her with pecuniary meanness toward certain of her fellow performers; but with this trivial exception her efforts were one long series of successes till on June 29, 1812, in her great character of Lady Macbeth, she took her leave of the public. Belvidera, Queen Katharine, Volumnia in Coriolanus, which she played with her brother, John Philip Kemble (q.v.), were but a few of the many parts in which she captivated her audiences. Mrs. Siddons is said to have been strictly a stage genius; elsewhere she seems to have been a woman of no extraordinary intelligence. She carried her tragedy manners with her to the drawing-room or the dinner-table. Scott has recorded the amusement with which at Abbotsford he heard her stately blank verse to the servant: "I asked for water, boy! you've brought me beer;" and Sydney Smith used to say it was never without a certain awe that he saw her "stab the potatoes." In the practice of her art, however, it was this concentrated power of personal presence ​
# The New International Encyclopædia/Siddhārtha

Edition of 1905. See also The Buddha on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​SIDDHĀRTHA, sĭd-härt′hȧ (Skt., he who has attained his aim). An epithet frequently applied to Gautama Buddha (q.v.).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Sida

Edition of 1905. See also Sida (plant) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​SIDA (Neo-Lat., from Gk, σȋδη, sidē, pomegranate, water-lily). A large widely distributed genus of annual and perennial herbs and shrubs of the natural order Malvaceæ, mostly natives of warm climates, and generally rich in mucilage. Some of the species have strong pliable fibres, which are employed for cordage and for textile purposes. One of the most valuable of these is Sida rhombifolia, a perennial tropical shrub also found in Australia and the United States. It is also said to be cultivated as a forage plant. Sida tiliœfolia — better known as Abutilon avucennœ — is an annual long cultivated in China, for its fibre, which is used like that of hemp. In parts of the United States it is a common weed known as velvetleaf.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Sicyon

Edition of 1905. See also Sicyon on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​SICYON, sīs′ī-on (Lat., from Gk. Σικυών, Sikyōn, Σεκυών, Sekyōn). The principal city of a small but fertile State of ancient Greece. Sicyonia, situated in the north of the Peloponnesus, having the Corinthian Gulf for its northern boundary, with Achaia on the west, Phlius on the south, and Corinth on the east. Between the rivers Asopus and Helisson, on a triangular plateau, was situated Sicyon, about two miles south of the Corinthian Gulf, and ten north-west of Corinth. Its position was one of great strength. The earlier city seems to have been situated at the foot of the plateau, to which it was removed by Demetrius Poliorcetes in B.C. 303. The early history of Sicyon is involved in myths, but even in the legends a connection with Argos appears, particularly in the story of Adrastus. At the time of the Dorian invasion it was occupied, but tradition said in a peaceable fashion, and the original population formed a fourth tribe along with the three Dorian tribes. The rule of the Dorian nobles was overthrown by Andreas, or Orthagoras, a member of a non-Dorian family, who about B.C. 665 made himself tyrant — a position held by his house for about one hundred years. Under Clisthenes, early in the sixth century, the State seems to have reached a high degree of prosperity and warlike fame, especially through its part in the Sacred War and establishment of the Pythian games. In later history Sicyon regularly appears as a dependency of Sparta, until the rise of Thebes. After its rebuilding by Demetrius it again fell under the rule of tyrants, but was finally freed and brought into the Achæan League (B.C. 251) by Aratus. After the destruction of Corinth by the Romans, the Sicyonians for a time had charge of the Isthmian games. In later times it seems to have been an insignificant place. On its site is the modern village Vasilikó. There are still considerable remains of the Roman period, and also a Greek theatre, which has been excavated by the American School at Athens. The ancient city was famous from early times for its bronze-casting, and especially for its painting.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Sidereal Clock

Edition of 1905. See also Sidereal time on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​SIDEREAL CLOCK (from Lat. sidereus, relating to a star, from sidus, constellation, star). A clock regulated to indicate sidereal time. (See Day.) The sidereal clock is a most important aid to the practical astronomer, and is one of the indispensable instruments of an observatory. See Clock.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Siderite

Edition of 1905. See also Siderite on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​SIDERITE (Lat. sideritis, loadstone, from Gk. σιδηρίτης, sidēritēs, relating to iron, from σίδηρος, sidēros, iron). A mineral iron carbonate crystallized in the hexagonal system. It has a vitreous lustre, and is of a gray, brown to red, and sometimes green color. It occurs in gneiss, mica, and clay slates, and in other rock strata, and also frequently with metallic ores. It is found in Freiberg, Austria, in the Harz, and in Greenland: in the United States it occurs in various places in Vermont, Massachusetts, New York, and Ohio, and other localities where iron ores are common. Its iron is often partly replaced by calcium, magnesium, and manganese. It also occurs in crystallized, concretionary, massive, and earthy forms.
The name siderite is also applied to a translucent blue variety of vitreous quartz, which is also more commonly called sapphirine.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Sideroxylon

Edition of 1905. See also Sideroxylon on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​SID′EROX′YLON ( Neo-Lat., from Gk. σίδηρος, sidēros, iron + ξύλον, xylon, wood). A genus of trees of the natural order Sapotaceæ, with evergreen leaves and axillary clusters of flowers, natives of and widely distributed in warm climates. They are remarkable for the hardness of their wood, which is sometimes called ironwood, and is, at least in some species, so heavy as to sink in water. A single species, Sideroxylon Mastichodendron, occurs along the east coast of Florida, where it is known as mastic and wild olive.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Sidewalk, Traveling

Edition of 1905. See also Moving walkway on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​SIDEWALK, Traveling. See Traveling Sidewalk.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Sidewinder

Edition of 1905. See also Crotalus cerastes on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​SIDEWINDER. The local name in Arizona for the horned rattlesnake (Crotalus cerastes), which inhabits open plains, and when disturbed moves away sideways. Consult Merriam, The Death Valley Expedition (Agricultural Department, Washington, 1893). See Rattlesnake and Plate of Rattlesnakes.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Sidgwick, Henry

Edition of 1905. See also Henry Sidgwick on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​SIDG′WICK, Henry (1838-1901). An English moralist and economist, born at Skipton, Yorkshire, in 1838. He was educated at Rugby and Trinity College, Cambridge, was fellow of Trinity College from 1859 to 1869, and lecturer from 1859 to 1875, when he was appointed prælector of moral and political philosophy; and in 1883 he was appointed Knightbridge professor of moral philosophy. His principal works are: The Methods of Ethics (1874; 5th ed. 1893); The Principles of Political Economy (1883); Outlines of the History of Ethics (1886; 4th ed. 1896); and The Elements, of Politics (1891). He took a prominent part in the promotion of the higher education of women at Cambridge, and was one of the founders of Newnham College. He was a public-spirited man, and was liberal with his money. He helped largely to support Mind, the English philosophical quarterly, of which he was co-editor. He resigned his chair, May 1, 1900, on account of ill health. His Methods of Ethics is a very noteworthy work, in which he criticises in a remarkably fair spirit the ethics of intuitionism (q.v.) and common sense, of egoistic hedonism (q.v.), and of utilitarianism (q.v.), finally giving his adherence to a utilitarianism with an intuitive basis in the abstract moral principles of justice, prudence, and rational benevolence. He was a notable member of the Society for Psychical Research, in regard to the work of which lie maintained a cautious and conservative position. See Stephen, "Henry Sidgwick," in Mind (January, 1901); James Seth, "The Ethical System of Henry Sidgwick," in Mind (April, 1901); Sorley, "Henry Sidgwick." in International Journal of Ethics (January, 1901); Haywood, "The True Significance of Sidgwick's Ethics," ib.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Sidi-bel-abbès

Edition of 1905. See also Sidi Bel Abbès on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​SIDI-BEL-ABBES, sē′dē̇ bĕl ab′bas′. The capital of an arrondissement in the Department of Oran, Algeria, on the Mekerra, 48 miles by rail south of Oran (Map: Africa, D 1). It is comparatively a modern town and is surrounded by walls. It has a considerable agricultural trade in grain, alfalfa, and cattle. Population, in 1901 (of commune), 25,739.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Sidi Mohammed

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​SIDI MOHAM′MED (1803-73). Emperor of Morocco from 1859 to 1873. He succeeded his father, Muley Abderrahman. He was soon involved in a war with Spain, caused by the marauding expeditions of the Riff pirates, was defeated by the Spanish under Prim and O'Donnell (1860), and obliged to pay an indemnity of 200,000,000 piasters. His introduction of reforms and the commercial concessions which he granted to foreigners caused several insurrections, in quelling one of which he lost his life. See Morocco.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Sidmouth

Edition of 1905. See also Sidmouth on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​SIDMOUTH, sid′mŭth. A watering place on the southern coast of Devonshire. England, at the mouth of the little river Sid, remarkable for its healthful climate and picturesque situation (Map: England, C 6). The esplanade, protected by a sea wall 1700 feet in length, forms an excellent promenade. The interesting parish church dates from 1259. Sidmouth was the residence of Queen Victoria when a child, and her father, the Duke of Kent, died here in 1820. Population, in 1991, 4200.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Sidmouth, Henry Addington

Edition of 1905. See also Henry Addington on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​SIDMOUTH, Henry Addington, first Viscount (1757-1844). An English statesman. See Addington, Henry.