OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Barte

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Barte. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Barte (1.), feminine, ‘broad axe,’ from the equivalent Middle High German barte, Old High German barta, feminine; in Bavarian-Suabian the word, which is properly North German, does not occur; allied to Old Dutch and Old Saxon barda, Old Icelandic barða (Old French barde, ‘hatchet,’ is borrowed from Teutonic). From this word Old Slovenian brady, feminine, ‘axe,’ is borrowed. The words are derivatives of the stem bhardh- appearing in Bart; the axe is, as it were, ‘the bearded thing,’ Old Icelandic skeggja, ‘broad axe,’ being related in a similar way to ‘beard’; likewise Middle English barbe (from Latin-Romance barba) signifies, among other things, ‘edge of the axe.’ Compare Hellebarde.
Barte (2.), feminine, ‘baleen,’ a derivative of Bart, first occurring in Modern High German, and akin to Barte; compare English barbs, from Latin barba; Dutch baarden, plural.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Bastard

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Bastard. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Bastard, masculine, ‘bastard,’ from French bâtard, bastard (Italian bastardo), borrowed in the Middle Ages (Middle High German bastart). Middle English bast, ‘illegal marriage,’ and Old French fils de bast, ‘illegitimate son,’ indicate the primary meaning of the Romance word, which came to England with William I., and at a later period made its way to Scandinavia. The Old French bastard (French bâtard) has a Teutonic termination; see Bankert. The first part of the word, which in Middle English and Old French signifies ‘illegal marriage,’ is generally derived from Middle Latin and Romance bastum, ‘pack-saddle’; compare Italian and Spanish basto, French bât, ‘pack-saddle.’ Bastard would then mean ‘the son of a pack saddle’ (compare Bast) the saddles serving the Spanish muleteers as beds; compare Bankert. Scandinavian bastarðr, whence some would derive the modern European word, did not reach the North before 1200 A.D. nearly.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Barn

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Barn. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Barn, masculine, ‘crib, hayrack above the crib,’ from the equivalent Middle High German barn, masculine, Old High German barno, masculine; Anglo-Saxon bern, English barn, is equivalent to German Scheuer. The German and English words are not, perhaps, identical, but only of a cognate stem; the stem of the English word is bar-, which appears in Gothic *baris, ‘barley,’ Anglo-Saxon bere, English barley, and is cognate with Latin far, farris, ‘spelt,’ Old Bulgarian bŭrŭ, ‘a species of millet’; Anglo-Saxon bern is explained from bere-ern, ‘barley-house.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Bast

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Bast. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Bast, masculine, ‘inner bark of trees, husk,’ from the equivalent Middle High German bast (also buost with gradation), Old High German *bast, masculine, neuter. It corresponds to Anglo-Saxon bœst, English, Dutch and Old Icelandic bast, Gothic *bastus. Hence the derivative Old High German and Middle High German besten, ‘to strap,’ as well as the Romance cognate basto, ‘pack-saddie’ (see under Bastard), with which Swiss bašt, ‘saddle,’ agrees. There is no justification for deriving the words from binden, for the absence of the nasal, the occurrence of st (for which we should have expected ss from dh + t), and the gradation in Middle High German buost render such a derivation impossible. The resemblance in sound between this word and binden proves nothing as to the etymology; this popular and superficial derivation was suggested by the use of bast. The Teutonic word, which is more probably connected with the root bes appearing in Besen, found its way into Romance; compare Italian basta, ‘basting, stitching.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Barsch

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Barsch. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Barsch, masculine, ‘perch,’ from the equivalent Middle High German bars, masculine; there is also a derivative form Middle High German and Old High German bersich; compare the corresponding Dutch baars, Anglo-Saxon bœrs, bears, English dialectic barse (bass); allied to the compounds Swedish abborre, Danish aborre (rr from rs), with the same meaning. The cognates cannot have been borrowed from the equivalent Latin perca; they are more akin to the Teutonic root bars (bors) in Borste, Bürste, signifying ‘to be bristly.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Baron

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Baron. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Baron, masculine, ‘Baron,’ not from the equivalent Middle High German barûn, but from the French and MidL Rhenish form baron, which is found in the 16th century; Middle Latin baro, baronis, is by some based on Keltic bar, ‘man,’ and by others on Anglo-Saxon beorn or on Old High German baro, ‘man, vassal.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Barre

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Barre. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Barre, feminine, Barren, masculine, ‘bar, ingot,’ from Middle High German barre, feminine, ‘bolt, railing,’ which comes from French barre.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Bart

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Bart. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Bart, masculine, ‘beard, comb, barb,’ from the equivalent Middle High German bart, Old High German bart, masculine; compare Dutch baard, Anglo-Saxon and English beard. For this Teutonic word, the existence of which is proved by the ethnical term Langobarden to be extremely remote, skegg was used in Scandinavian. The pre-Teutonic form of Gothic *barda, feminine, was, in accordance with the permutation of consonants, bhardhâ — which is also presumed by Old Slovenian brada (with the usual loss of aspiration and metathesis of the r), and Latin barba (with b for dh when next to r, compare rot, Wort; the initial b is from bh, as in Backe; in other cases initial bh is Latin f). Compare also Lithuanian barzdà, ‘beard’ (for *bardà).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Barke

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Barke. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Barke, feminine, ‘barque, boat,’ from the equivalent Middle High German barke, feminine; corresponds to Scandinavian barke, ‘barque’; not of German origin. The cognates are based upon an equivalent Romance class with the primitive forms barca-barica (found even in the 7th century in Isidore); compare French barque (besides Old French barge, from Middle Latin barica; whence English barge, Low German Barse), Italian barca; Old Irish barc is of similar origin. The ultimate source of the cognates (Spain?) is uncertain.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Base

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Base. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Base, feminine (dialect. designating any of the remoter degrees of relation on the female side, e.g., in the Basle dialectic ‘aunt, niece, cousin’), ‘cousin, aunt,’ from Middle High German base, Old High German basa, ‘father's sister’; the Anglo-Saxon and Frisian dialects have a word allied to Vater; Anglo-Saxon faþu, Old Frisian fethe. The Teutonic type faþôn is certainly only a term of endearment for faþar-, fadar-suëstar, ‘father’s sister.’ Probably Old High German basa is also a pet or childish name for the proper badar-, fadar-swësô. The same might be said of the variant Middle German and Low German Wase, and with the necessary qualifications of the masculine Baas.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Ryves, George Thomas

From volume 3 of the work.
​Ryves, George Thomas, 3s. William Harding, of London, arm. Brasenose Coll., matric. 3 Feb., 1853, aged 19; B.A. 1857, M.A. 1860, vicar of Buildwas, Salop, 1871-4, and of Upper Tean, co. Stafford, 1874.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Ryves, James Alfred

From volume 3 of the work.
​Ryves, James Alfred, 5s. William Harding, of Brighton, Sussex, arm. St. John's Coll., matric. 25 March, 1857, aged 20.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Rücker, Arthur William

From volume 3 of the work.
​Rücker, Arthur William, 1s. Daniel Henry, of Clapham, Surrey, arm. Brasenose Coll., matric. 19 Oct., 1867, aged 18; scholar 1867-71, B.A. 1871, fellow 1871-6, M.A. 1874, prof, of mathematics at Yorkshire College, Leeds, 1875-86. F.R.S. 1884, prof. of physics at Royal School of Mines 1877.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Ryves, William John Francis

From volume 3 of the work.
​Ryves, William John Francis, 1s. William Harding, of Brighton, Sussex, gent. Pembroke Coll., matric. 25 Nov., 1847, aged 19.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Rücker, Frederick George

From volume 3 of the work.
​Rücker, Frederick George, 2s. John Antony, of Blackheath, Kent, arm. Brasenose Coll., matric. 17 Oct., 1874, aged 18; scholar 1874-9, B.A. 1878, M.A. 1881, bar.-at-law. Middle Temple, 1879. See Foster's Men at the Bar.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Rücker, Reginald Wynn

From volume 3 of the work.
​Rücker, Reginald Wynn, 3s. Daniel Henry, of Clapham, Surrey, arm. Brasenose Coll., matric. 17 Oct., 1874, aged 19; scholar 1874-7, B.A. 1878, a student of the Inner Temple 1877.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Ryves, Francis

From volume 3 of the work.
​Ryves, Francis, s. Dudley, of Dublin, Ireland, arm. Brasenose Coll., matric. 1 April, 1773, aged 16.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Ryves, Henry Pleydell

From volume 3 of the work.
​Ryves, Henry Pleydell, s. Thomas, of Ranston, Dorset, arm. Merton Coll., matric. 20 June, 1776, aged 16; rector of Chesleborne, Dorset, preb. of Chichester at his death in 1817.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Ryves, John William Dudley

From volume 3 of the work.
​Ryves, John William Dudley, s. Dudley, of Windsor, Berks, arm. Exeter Coll., matric. 19 Nov., 1777, aged 19; B.A. 1781, M.A. 1796 (as Dudley).
# American Medical Biographies/Green, John Orne

​Green, John Orne (1799–1885)
In the old parsonage at Lowell, Massachusetts, where his ancestors had lived since the early settlement of this country, John Orne first saw the light on May 14, 1799. His father, Aaron Green, was minister there and his mother, Eunice Orne, the daughter of John and Bridget Parker Orne, came from England probably in the fleet with Winthrop.
As a child John attended the district school of his native town and in September, 1813, received his "admittatur" to Harvard and joined the class of 1817 with which he graduated with honor.
Immediately after he accepted the position of teacher in a private Latin school in Castine, Maine, where he remained a year, and in September, 1818, he began to study medicine with Dr. Ephraim Buck of Malden and attended lectures in the Harvard Medical School, but in October, 1821, went to Boston to pass the remainder of his pupilage with Dr. Edward Reynolds (q. v.), at that time city physician and in charge of the alms house on Leverett Street where he found abundant opportunity for clinical study and practice, in February, 1822, receiving his M. D. from Harvard.
Learning that mills were about to be erected at East Chelmsford (now Lowell) and thinking the future estimated population of one thousand might afford a field for a young physician, he moved to that place in April, 1822, and began a practice which continued with scarcely any interruption for sixty-four years. He saw the field of his labors grow from a village of a few hundred to a city of more than seventy thousand and it may truly be said he grew with it. In 1868 he was senior physician to St. John's Hospital.
He married Jane, daughter of Dr. Calvin Thomas, of Tyngsboro, Massachusetts, who died June 28, 1828; then Minerva Bucklin, daughter of John Slater, of Smithfield, Rhode Island, who died December 31, 1834; and afterwards Jane, daughter of William McBurney, of Newtownards. Ireland. Two sons only survived birth and these were of the last marriage, John Orne, clinical professor of otology in Harvard University, and George Thomas.
He died at Lowell on December 23, 1885, after a short illness, probably from a maligant disease of the chest. Two excellent portraits by Lawson and an admirable bust are extant; one portrait in the Green School in Lowell, the other portrait and the bust in the possession of the writer, his son.
Among his writings were: "History of the Small-pox in Lowell," 1837; Annual Discourse before the Massachusetts Medical Society: "The Factory System in its Hygienic Relations," 1846.
# American Medical Biographies/Green, Traill

​Green, Traill (1813–1897)
Professor of chemistry, botany and astronomy, Traill Green was born at Easton, Pennsylvania, on May 25, 1813, the son of Benjamin and Elizabeth Traill Green.
From boyhood he was devoted to nature study and afterwards, thinking medicine would afford him special advantages, he studied under Dr. J. K. Mitchell (q. v.) and graduated M. D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1835. Then, returning to Easton, he began practice there. But chemistry, his darling study, was not given up and in his consulting-room at night he would give lectures on this and allied subjects to a class of young people. To the botany class came Harriet Moore of Morristown, New Jersey, who in 1844 married her professor and shared his scientific labors.
In 1837 he was made professor of chemistry at Lafayette College and in 1865 professor of natural science. He received the A. M. degree from Rutgers in 1841 and was later called to the chair of natural sciences at Marshall College, Pennsylvania, and in ​1866 Washington and Jefferson College conferred upon him the LL. D.
Noticing with regret the incomplete training of many medical students he, with others, launched the American Academy of Medicine and was its first president. But Lafayette College was his special interest. The observatory was his gift and to it he bequeathed his books and minerals. Every good cause had an advocate in him. By voice and pen, money and enthusiasm he helped forward medical reform, temperance, the higher education of women. A full list of his writings and a portrait may be seen in "Proceedings of the Medical Society of Northampton County," June 18, 1897, the chief one being "Zoological and Floral Distribution of the United States," 1861.
He died in his birthplace, Easton, on the twenty-ninth of April, 1897.
# American Medical Biographies/Greene, William Houston

​Greene, William Houston (1853–1918)
William Houston Greene, physician, chemist and educator, was born in Columbia, Pennsylvania, December 30, 1853, the son of Stephen Greene and Martha Mifflin. His parents moved to Philadelphia, where he received his education, and after completing the grammar school course entered the Boys' Central High School, from which he graduated in 1870. He matriculated in Jefferson Medical College and a decided scientific bent led him to specialize in chemistry. After receiving the degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1873 from Jefferson he became assistant to B. Howard Rand (q. v.), the professor of chemistry. Two years later he was advanced to the position of demonstrator. In 1877 he went to Paris where he engaged in research work under Adolph Wurtz. Returning to Philadelphia in 1879 he was appointed demonstrator in the University of Pennsylvania (1879–1880) and a year later was elected professor of chemistry in the Central High School. He resigned the chair in 1892 to associate himself with his father in the ​printing business. It was during the twelve years that he taught in the high school that Dr. Greene achieved his greatest successes as a chemist and educator, originating and developing methods of instruction which proved most successful especially as regards lecture demonstration and laboratory practice. His original researches include the "Syntheses of Organic Compounds by the aid of Metallic Chlorides," a "New Process for the Manufacture of Manganese on the Commercial Scale" (with Dr. William H. Wahl), and the extended investigation on "Lapachic Acid and Its Derivatives" (with Dr. Samuel C. Hooker). He prepared a large number of organic compounds now in the possession of Central High School. His literary productions include an excellent translation of Wurtz's "Elementary Lessons in Modern Chemistry," and his own text-book, "Lessons in Chemistry," both of which have passed through many editions, the more recent being edited by H. F. Keller. Dr. Greene was well known as a consulting chemist and his experience extended over a wide range of subjects in Medical and Industrial Chemistry.
He was a member of the American Philosophical Society; the American Association for the Advancement of Science; Société Chimique of Paris; Fellow of the Chemical Society of London. In recent years he played an active part in the musical and the art life of Philadelphia.
He was married twice, first at Paris, France, on May 28, 1881, to Sarah Menager, who died without leaving issue, and again at Philadelphia on April 7, 1902, to Sara Cavanaugh, and of this marriage one child, Stephen, was born. The widow and the son lived in Philadelphia. Dr. Greene died from heart disease at his summer home, Wenonah, New Jersey, August 8, 1918.
He made many notable bequests to scientific institutions and charities. A memorial tablet and his portrait have lately been presented to the Central High School.
# American Medical Biographies/Green, John (1736–1799)

​Green, John (1736–1799)
John Green was the son of the Rev. Thomas Green, Baptist elder and physician, one of the earliest settlers of Leicester (Greenville), Massachusetts, where John was born August 14, 1836.
Instructed in medicine by his father, he came to Worcester and built his house on the eminence now known as Green Hill, which although relatively nearer town at that time, when many persons lived north of Lincoln Square and there were but seven houses on Main Street between that point and the Old South Church on the common, seems yet to have been at a distance that might well make prospective patients hesitate before storming the steeps in the dead of night or in bad weather. Patients came, however; medical students also from Worcester and surrounding towns; Green Lane became a county road and, although during the latter part of his life, his office was in a little wooden affair on the present site of the Five Cents Savings Bank, the doctor always lived in the Green Hill house, and there he died forty-two years later (October 29, 1799), aged sixty-three.
An earnest patriot, he was, in 1733, a member (and the only medical member) of the American Political Society, which was formed on account of the grievous burdens of the times and did much to bring about that change of public sentiment which expelled the adherent of the crown. He took a prominent part in all the Revolutionary proceedings, and in 1777 was sent as representative to the General Court. In 1778 and 1779 he was town treasurer, and in 1780 one of the selectmen, the only physician who ever held that office.
​His first wife, Mary Osgood, died in 1761. His second wife, daughter of Gen. Timothy Ruggles, of Hardwick, survived him, dying in 1814 at the age of eighty-four. A son, Dr. Elijah Dix Green, born July 4, 1769, A. B. (Brown), 1793, was a physician in Charleston, South Carolina.
# American Medical Biographies/Greene, Duff Warren

​Greene, Duff Warren (1851–1913)
Duff Warren Greene, ophthalmologist of Dayton, Ohio, was born at Fairfield, Greene County, Ohio, May 17, 1851. The son of Dr. John W. Greene, a general practitioner of that place, he attended the Ohio Wesleyan University, at Delaware, Ohio, for two or three years, but did not graduate. His medical degree was received at the Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati, in 1876. For a time he practised general medicine at Fairfield in partnership with his father. Then pursuing the study of ophthalmology for several months in New York City, he removed from Fairfield to Dayton, where he practised as an ophthalmologist, until the very day, almost hour, of his death—more than thirty-one years.
In 1888 he studied ophthalmology in Vienna, for six months. In 1909 he went to Jalandhar, India, where he made a special study of the intracapsular method of cataract extraction as practised by Colonel Smith. In 1912 he proceeded, again to Europe, where he studied the eye in various hospitals in all the medical centres. In 1884 he was appointed oculist and aurist to the National Military Home, Ohio—a position which he held for twenty-nine years, until his death. He belonged to numerous medical societies, general and special, and in 1912 was made a member of the Oxford Ophthalmological Congress. For the last ten years of his life he was associated in practice with Dr. Horace Bonner. Dr. Greene was a voluminous and excellent contributor to ophthalmic literature. Aside from numerous journal articles, he wrote both valuable chapters on the intracapsular operation for cataract, in the second volume of C. A. Wood's System of Ophthalmic Operations, and in the American Encyclopedia of Ophthalmology.
Dr. Greene was a man of great enthusiasm and almost limitless capacity for work, nevertheless he was not what is termed "a slave to his profession." He went on long vacations in Summer, in the Northern portions of the United States and in Canada, hunting and fishing, and numerous trophies of his outdoor skill adorned his home. He was for a time, a member of the Ohio State Fish and Game Commission. He was a member of Mystic Lodge A. F. and A. M.; Unity Chapter, R. A. M.; the Reed Commandery of the Knights Templars and of the Antioch Temple of Shriners. He was long a member of the Grace M. E. Church and shortly before his death was elected a member of the official board.
In 1887 Dr. Greene married Miss Belle Norton, of Delaware, Ohio. Of the union were born two children, who died in infancy.
Dr. Greene died on August 16, 1913, having attended his office and performed an important surgical operation on the very day of his death, which was caused by heart disease.