# The War with Mexico/Volume 2/Index 2

Contents
Index From M to Z
* M
* McCall, G. A., at Resaca de la Palma, 1. 170, 172.
* McCall, J. G., American consul at Tampico, reports cited passim.
* McClellan, G. B., on Brazos Island camp, 1. 205; engineer, 451; at Cerro Gordo, 2. 349, 353; with Scott, 366; at Contreras, 378; on volunteers, 513.
* McClellan, John, topographical engineer with Scott, 2. 366.
* McClung, A. K., at Monterey, 1. 253.
* McCulloch, Ben, on scout, 1. 204; rangers in advance on Monterey, 236; at battle of Monterey, 243, 498; and Santa Anna's advance, 382, 554; at Buena Vista, 556.
* McFaul, Eneas, Jr., American consul at Laguna, reports cited passim.
* McGillivray, Simon, claim, 1. 427.
* McIlvaine, A. R., on advance to Rio Grande, 1. 456; on cause of the war, 2. 493.
* McIntosh, J. S., in Texas, 1. 143; at Palo Alto, 164; reinforcements for Scott, guerilla attacks, 2. 76-7, 171, 422; at Molino del Rey, wounded, 144, 145, 403.
* Mackall, W. W., battery at Monterey, 1. 241, 243, 248, 258, 492, 496, 508; and volunteer officers, 481; on Pillow, 2. 433.
* McKay, J. J., position in the House, 2. 496.
* McKee, W. R., at Buena Vista, 1. 388, 390, 391, 394, 555, 557; killed, 394.
* Mackenzie, A. S., and Santa Anna, 1. 202-3, 479.
* McKenzie, Samuel, at Chapultepec, 2. 153, 157.
* Mackintosh, E., British consul at Mexico, and California, 1. 524, 2. 302; and peace, 133, 467; and Mexican finances, 254, 255, 477.
* McLane, Louis, American minister at London, on England and the war, 1.442; on British dislike, 2. 295; on Europe and Texas, 502; on Mexican sympathy in England, 300; on attitude of France, 503; on British interposition, 302, 303; and vigorous war, 305; and Aberdeen and warning on annexation, 308; on influence abroad of the war, 324.
* McLane, R. M., takes instructions to Taylor, 1. 350.
* McLane, in attack on Alvarado, 2. 199; in Tabasco expedition, 200.
* McNamara, Eugene, California grant, 1. 527; and Mexican propaganda, 2. 81.
* McPherson, J. D., on Marcy, 1. 475.
* McReynolds, A. T., with Scott, 2. 77.
* Madrid Heraldo, on the war, 2. 298, 503.
* Magoffin, James, character, 1. 293; and Armijo, 293, 516.
* Magruder, J. B., battery at Cerro Gordo, 2. 55; at Contreras, 104, 105, 378; at Chapultepec, 154, 161; light artillery, 366; at Molino del Rey, 403.
* Maguey, drink from, 1. 508.
* Mahonese, in Home Squadron, 2. 446.
* Maldonado, E., and brother, at Sari Juan Bautista, 2. 446.
* Malek Adel, captured, 2. 205, 446; added to navy, 447.
* Mangino, R., Mexican chargé at Paris, reports cited passim.
* Mangum, W. P., on Polk, 2. 270; position in Senate, 496.
* Manifest destiny, and attitude toward Mexico, 1. 123, 444, 2. 322. See also Annexations.
* Mansfield, J. K. F., at Monterey, 1. 259, 250, 251, 500; on Fort Brown, 468; at Buena Vista, 555.
* Manufactures, attempted promotion in Mexico, 1. 16-7.
* Manzanillo, occupied, 2. 207.
* Map of Mexico, 1. xxii.
* Marchante, Francisco, and evacuation of Tampico, 1. 512.
* Marcy, Fort, at Santa Fe, 1. 296.
* Marcy, W. L., and Taylor's occupation of Texas, 1. 142, 452; and advance to Rio Grande, instructions, 144, 453, 463, 490; and raising of army, 191, 193; clash with Scott, 190-1, 477; appearance, 193; and Scott's deliberateness, 199; and occupation of Tamaulipas, 263, 360; and Monterey armistice, 263; and advance to Saltillo, 264; and defensive line policy, 283; and Price's force, 290; relations with Scott, 354; throws responsibility of Vera Cruz plans on him, 355, 540; as claims commissioner, 430; character, 475; on Folk's alarm, 476; and volunteers, 480, 2. 320; and Wool's march, 1. 510; and further calls for volunteers, 537; and Scott's preparations, 539, 544, 545; and Taylor's Presidential ambition, 547; and Ten Regiment Bill, 2. 74; and peace negotiations, 122; and Trist-Scott quarrel, 128, 129, 389, 390; and failure of negotiations (1847), 138; recalls Price, 166; and Scott and cabal, 188, 437; on Conner, 202; and Scott's order for military government, 220; appointment to Cabinet, 271; and Gaines's six-months men, 272; on Democratic dissensions, 281; political despair, 291; on opposition, 292; and Mexico expedition, 343, 346; and Scott's release of time-expired men, 356; on Scott at Puebla, 362; does not expect peace, 391; and douceur, 391; on guerilla warfare, 423; and war policy after capture of Mexico City, 430; on number of volunteers, 431. ​
* Marín, occupied, 1. 562.
* Marín, T., guerilla, 2. 421.
* Marines, in Scott's army, 2. 78, 366, 432, 511; at Chapultepec, 156, 410; in Mexico City, 163, 164; at siege of Vera Cruz, 335.
* Markoe, C., on opposition to the war, 2. 314, 510.
* Marshall, Thomas, at Buena Vista, 1, 386, 388, 390, 555, 558; at Brazos, 476; left at Camargo, 493; brigade, 2. 417; retained in service, 432; arrives at Mexico City, 432; division leaves Mexico City, 476.
* Martin, Alexandre, French agent in Mexico, on Mexican army, 1. 408.
* Martin, J. J. M., American chargé at Paris, on France and tariff for Mexican ports, 2. 484; on Europe and Texas, 502.
* Martin, Judge, acknowledgment to, 1. 444.
* Martínez, F. P., Mexican minister at Washington, and claims, 1. 78, 79, 429.
* Martínez, General, brigade, 2. 369.
* Martínez, J. A., guerilla, 2. 421.
* Maryland troops, calls (1847), 2. 364, 431; in Taylor's later force, 417; at Jalapa, 433. See also Washington and Baltimore battalion.
* Mason, J. L., reconnoitres San Antonio, 2. 102; and Molino del Rey, 142; wounded, 144; at Cerro Gordo, 349.
* Mason, J. T., and Scott, 1. 476.
* Mason, J. Y., as secretary of the navy, 2. 191, 196; and offensive operations, 198, 200; and Lower California, 207.
* Mason, R. B., as governor of California, 2. 218-20; and occupation of western coast of Mexico, 448; supposed force, 432.
* Masons, in Mexican politics, 1. 34, 38, 43, 413.
* Massachusetts, and the war, 2. 274, 493. See also Massachusetts troops.
* Massachusetts, in Vera Cruz expedition, 2. 18, 25, 26.
* Massachusetts troops, call, 1. 537; in Taylor's later force, 2. 417; sent to Scott, 418.
* Matamoros, Taylor's assurance of peaceful intentions, 1. 146, 148, 151, 454; Taylor's force across river from, 148, 454; Mexican force at, 158, 462; fortification, 158; map, 159; Mexicans abandon, 177-8; Taylor occupies, 178, 204, 480; under American rule, 481, 2. 211-2, 450; troops left at, 1. 493, 2. 417; American tariff, 484.
* Matamoros de Morelia battalion, at Chapultepec, 2. 408.
* Matehuala, troops at, 1. 550, 552.
* Matson, H. S., and siege of Vera Cruz, 2. 33, 305, 337.
* May, C. A., at Palo Alto, 1. 164, 168; at Resaca de la Palma, appearance and character, 174, 467; advance to Saltillo, 264; return to Monterey with Taylor, 368; and Santa Anna's advance, 382, 554; in march to Victoria, 541; at Buena Vista, 555.
* Mayer, Brantz, and advance to Rio Grande, 1. 152.
* Mayo, Isaac, at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. 338.
* Mazapil, occupied, 2. 418.
* Mazatlán, as port, 1. 3; revolt (1846), 485; temporary blockades, 2. 205, 446, 447; aspect, 206; under Téllez, 207, 447; occupied, 207, 208, 448; map, 207; evacuated, 476.
* Meade, G. G., at Resaca de la Palma, 1. 173; on Taylor's operations, 177, 179; on raw volunteers, 207, 208; at Monterey, 246, 251, 499; on war blunders, 267; on Taylor's defensive-line plan, 282; on Taylor as general, 470; on his lack of information, 490; on organization of army in Monterey campaign, 493; on Worth, 498. ​
* Mediation, British offers, 2. 301, 368, 503-4; Spain and, 502. See also Interposition.
* Medical corps, Mexican, 1. 157.
* Mejía, Francisco, ruse at Arroyo Colorado, 1. 147; and Taylor at Rio Grande, 148; and irregulars in Texas, 153, 154; on Taylor and his force, 158, 159; propaganda among American troops, 160; and advance against Taylor, 162, 464, 467; succeeds Arista in command, 178; restores morale, 225; appearance, 226; plan at Monterey, 226; preparations to resist Taylor there, 230; and holding of Monterey, 231, 494; and brigade command, 462; in battle of Monterey, 494, 500; at Matehuala, 552; in Army of the North, 2. 369 Mejía, J. A., revolt, 1. 49; Americans in revolt executed, 70.
* Mejía, Vicente, attack on La Paz, 2. 448.
* Memorial Histórico, on monarchist plans, 1. 90.
* Memphis, enlistments, 1. 195.
* Memphis Daily Eagle, on enlisting, 1. 195.
* Memphis Enquirer, on war spirit, 1. 127.
* Mendoza, F., guerilla, 2. 421.
* Mendoza, N., brigade in Monterey campaign, 1. 494; at Contreras, i,. 109.
* Mercantile class in Mexico, 1. 5, 17; favor peace, J. 130. See also Commerce.
* Mercantile system, and Spanish colonies, 1. 29.
* Merritt, Ezekiel, at San Diego, 1. 534.
* Merryman vs. Bourne, title by conquest, 2. 468.
* Mervine, William, at Monterey, Cal., 1. 335; in second southern campaign, 340; on Stockton, 534.
* Mexicaltzingo, plan to advance by, 2. 93, 372-3.
* Mexican Spy Company, Scott's, 2. 72, 362, 476.
* Mexican War. The analysis is carried out through the titles Army; Attitude; Cause; Conquered territory; Cost; Diplomatic intercourse; Finances; Foreign relations; Government; Guerilla; Importance; Justice; Navy: Opposition; Outbreak; Peace; Politics; Popularity; Preparation; Programme; and the leaders and campaigns by name, especially Buena Vista; California; Doniphan; Mexico expedition; Monterey; New Mexico; Rio Grande; Santa Anna; Scott, Winfield; Taylor, Zachary; Vera Cruz; Wool.
* Mexico, Valley of, topography, 2. 79; map, 80; aspect, 94, 119, 138; view from Chapultepec, 158.
* Mexico battalion, at Monterey, 1. 494.
* Mexico City, situation, 1. 2; profile of route from Vera Cruz, 2; aspect and life, charm, 21-8, 2. 228; southern and western approaches, map, 141, 147; clerical incitation against Americans, 142; Quitman at Belén garita, 15860, 162, 412, 414-6; map of citadel, 159; capture of San Cosme garita, 161-2, 413, 414, 416; evacuated by Mexicans, release of criminals, 163, 415, 420; Americans take possession, 163, 415; Quitman first governor, 164, 460; uprising against Americans, 1668, 420; clemency toward, 226, 459; military discipline in, 226, 459-60; resumption of ordinary life, attitude of clergy, 226; invasion of Americanisms, 227; social excesses, 2278, 460; local government, 229; police, 229; social relations with Americans, 230; American evacuation, 252, 476; riot during armistice, 396; Kearny governor, 438; location of troops during occupation, 461. See also Mexico expedition. ​
* Mexico expedition, proposals, 1. 349; question of campaign left open, 351; Taylor's attitude, 352-3, 362-3, 543; influence of Scott's victories and treatment on Mexicans, 2. 36, 45, 65, 80, 81; dangers stated, 37; Scott's preparations at Vera Cruz, 37; his proclamation before starting, 38, 344; transportation problem, Antigua and Alvarado expeditions, 38, 344-5; start, march to Cerro Gordo, 39, 45-8, 345, 348; map of Vera Cruz to Perote, 39; Santa Anna's plans and preparations below Perote, 39-42, 346; maps of Cerro Gordo, 40, 43, 51; and yellow fever, 42, 59, 64, 348; defences and force at Cerro Gordo, 42-5. 347, 348; battle of Cerro Gordo, 48-59, 349-55; occupation of Jalapa, 59, 354; pursuit to Perote, 60-1: Scott at Jalapa, his problems: of supplies, 61-3, 355; of Santa Anna's intentions, 62; of time-expired men, 63-4, 356; force after departure of time-expired men, 64, 356; advance to Puebla, 64, 66, 69; map of profile Vera Cruz to Mexico, 62; secret arrangement with clergy for occupation of Puebla, 65-6, 357; Scott's proclamation at Jalapa, May 11, 66, 3578; Santa Anna's preparations at Orizaba, 67-8, 359; political influence on his movements, 68; Santa Anna at Puebla, 69, 360; Amozoc affair, 69-70, 360; Worth's erroneous agreement with Puebla, 70; occupation of Puebla, 71; Worth's rule there, 7t-2, 361; Scott's intelligence system, 72, 332, 362; condition of Scott's army in Puebla, 72-3, 362; concentration, communications severed, and reinforcements awaited there, 73, 357, 362, 363, 365; Ten Regiment Bill to increase regulars, 74-6, 363; proposed appointment of Benton as commanding general, 75, 363, 365; further call for volunteers, 76-7, 364; arrival of reinforcements, 76, 365; organization and size of Scott's force in final advance, 77, 93, 365, 366; condition of force then, 78; situation of capital, 79, 94; unfruitful plans for defence of capital, governmental chaos, 79-82, 367; map of the Valley, 80; Santa Anna's return to capital, opposition to his control, 82-7; his collection of materiel, 87; his army organization, its character and officers, 87-9, 369; his defensive plan, 89-90, 370; defences, Old Peñon, 90, 369; bolstering morale of inhabitants, 91, 142; their enthusiasm on start of final campaign, 91-2; Scott's advance from Puebla to Lake Chalco, 92-5, 371; failure of opposition to it, 95, 371; choice of line of advance, 95-6, 372; advance to San Agustin, 96-8, 374; Santa Anna and Scott's march to southern front, 97-8, 374; Mexican enthusiasm lost, 98; Santa Anna's southern line, 99, 101, 374; general map of southern line, 100; field and Mexican occupation of Contreras, 101-2, 375; American reconnaissances and problem, 102-3, 375; battle of Contreras, 103-10, 376-80; Santa Anna's arrangements after Contreras, 110-1, 382; question of American advance to capital after the battle, 112; battle of Churubusco, 111-9, 382-5; Americans after Churubusco, 120; why victory was not followed up, 120, 386, 393; halt at Puebla and negotiations, 130; armistice, 133, 137-8, 394-6, 398-9; armies during armistice, 134, 138-9; defences and force at Molino del Key, 140-2, 400; map of battles of Mexico City, 141; Scott's preparations after armistice, 142, 400, 404; battle of Molino del Rey, 143-7, 401-4; southern and western approaches to city, 147; Scott's plans and caution after Molino del Rey, 148, 404, 408; American conference and problem, decision to attack western gates, 148-9, 408; defences of Chapultepec, 149-52, 405-6; battle of Chapultepec, 152-8, 408-11; Quitman at Belén garita, 158-60, 162, 412, 414-5; capture of San Cosme garita, 161-2, 413-4, 416; evacuation of the city, 163, 415; possession taken by Americans, 163-4, 415-6; American loss in final operations, 165, 411; rising in city, 166-8, 420; adoption of guerilla warfare against, 169; guerilla warfare on line of communication, 171, 422-3; operations against guerillas, 172, 178-9, 423, 426-7; "siege" of Americans at Puebla, 173-5, 424-6; extempore Mexican government, 179-81, 427, 428; problem after capture of city, 183, 430; further tardy reinforcements, 183; size and condition of American force then, 184, 432; plan of further campaign, 184, 432, 433; American evacuation, 251-2, 475, 476; effect on American foreign relations, 305; foreign criticism, 307-8; inadequate force and preparation, 314, 510; achievement, spoils, 321, 416; administration and authorization, 344; Mexican force when it evacuated, 416; supposed American force (Nov., 1847), 432; size of army and posts (May, 1848), 438; distribution of troops after occupying city, 461. See also Conquered territory; Scott, Winfield; Vera Cruz; and battles by name for details.
* Mexico state, and guerilla warfare, 2. 169, 173; and rehabilitation of army, 182; war donation, 254; American assessment, 265; and collapse of federal government, 428. ​
* Micheltorena, J. M., and Jones's occupation, 1. 69, 423; in California, 319.
* Michigan troops, call, 2. 431; at Orizaba, 433.
* Michoacán state, and Santa Anna, 1. 376; in discussion on peace, 2. 464.
* Middle class in Mexico, 1. 5, 27.
* Mier, occupied, 1. 210; as camp, 212; force at, 2. 417.
* Mier y Terán, M. de, popularity, 1. 44.
* Miles, D. S., at Camargo, 1. 210-2; at Monterey, 245, 498; guerilla attack on, 2. 422, 433.
* Military government. See Conquered territory.
* Miller, Captain, at siege of Puebla, 2. 424.
* Miller, Sergeant, on camp life, 1. 207.
* Mina battalion, at Chapultepec, 2. 408.
* Mining, Mexican industry, 1. 2, 15.
* Miñón, J. J., captures by, 1. 371; on eve of Buena Vista, 381, 383; in the battle, 384, 386, 391, 395, 396, 556, 559; brigade as screen at San Luis Potosí, 550.
* Minor, George, at San Diego, 1. 534. Mints, Mexican, 1. 16; rented, 2. 255.
* Mississippi, in occupation of Tampico, 1.279,281; yellow fever, 2. 195; in Home Squadron, 197, 442, 446; in attack on Alvarado, 198, 199; in Tabasco expedition, 204; in attack on Tuxpán, 444.
* Mississippi troops, enlistments, 1. 195; at Monterey, 235, 492, 496; in Victoria march, 357; at Lobos Islands rendezvous, 368; at Buena Vista, 388, 391, 392, 555, 557, 561; in calls and response, 537, 2. 431; in Taylor's later force, 417. See also Davis, Jefferson.
* Missouri troops, calls (1847), 2. 364, 431; non-active men, 511. See also Doniphan; Price.
* Mitchell, D. D., and Chihuahua Rangers, 1. 519.
* Mixcoac, Americans at, 2. 134.
* Mobile Herald and Tribune, on war spirit, 1. 126.
* Moctezuma, escape, 2. 195.
* Moderados, and Puros, 2. 2, 4; Polkos, 3, 13; and election of Farías, 5, 9; and demands on church property, 11, 330; and Santa Anna, 14, 15, 331; incompetent, 82, 85. See also Federalism.
* Mofras, Eugène Duflot de. See Duflot. Molina, Ignacio, acknowledgment to, 2. 411.
* Molino del Rey, position, defences, 2. 140, 400; Mexican force, 142, 402; Scott's preparation and plan, criticism, 142, 401-2, 404; map, 143; American disposition and force, 143, 402, 403; Santa Anna's actions, 144, 402, 404; attacks and capture of Mill, 144-5; capture of Casa Mata, 145, 403; cavalry fight, 146, 404; a mistake, losses, results, 147, 403; American garrison, 461.
* Moltke, H. K. B. von, on strategy, 1. x.
* Monarchy in Mexico, feared (1845), 1. 90, 95, 435; plans and aid from Europe, 114; American resentment, 122, 135, 2. 304, 466; collapse of plans, 1. 180, 470; Paredes deserts, 214, 485; Santa Anna declares against, 219; anti-peace activity of adherents, 2. 234, 463; adherents in Polko revolt, 330; and clerical understanding with Scott, 358. See also Itúrbide.
* Monasterio, J. M. O., and claims, 1. 77.
* Monclova, Wool at, 1. 273, 509; aspect, 273.
* Money, Mexican minting, 1. 15; American market during war, 2. 489.
* Monitor Constitutional, on expected foreign aid, 1. 114.
* Monitor del Pueblo, on Scott's advance, 2. 66.
* Monitor Republicano, on the war, 1. 215; on Texas and the war, 457; on Santa Anna, 488, 2. 84; on church and war finances, 8, 9.
* Monroe Doctrine, and European attitude on the war, 1. 112, 2. 296; and monarchist plans in Mexico, 1. 122, 135; Mexico and, 417; Folk's reassertion, 2. 295.
* Montaño, M., revolt, 1. 38.
* Montemorelos, aspect, 1. 357.
* Monterde, J. M., captured, 2. 411.
* Monterey, Cal., Jones's occupation, 1. 69, 423; in 1846, as port, 315, 521; Sloat takes possession at, 334-5, 531.
* Monterey, Mexico, situation, aspect, 1. 2, 257, 2. 212; considered vital, 1. 225; Taylor leaves for Victoria, 357; Santa Anna's plan against (Dec.), 357, 541; Taylor instructed to concentrate at, his insubordinate advance, 368; excesses of volunteers at, 2. 212-3, 450; American regulations, 213, 230, 450; later force at, 417, 418. See also Monterey campaign. ​
* Monterey auxiliary battalion, at battle of Monterey, 1. 494.
* Monterey campaign, inadequate preparation, steamboats, 1. 208, 481-3; advance up Rio Grande to Camargo, 209-11; Taylor's force then, 211, 212, 483; unfortunate placing of camp at Camargo, 211, 484, 493; condition of Mexican forces, 225, 230, 489; Mejia's plan for guerilla warfare, Canales frustrates it, 226, 236; Taylor's inaction and lack of information, 226, 251, 489, 491, 499; his transportation, 227, 490-1, 493; Taylor and popular demand for action, he does not anticipate resistance, 227, 491-3; his neglect of artillery, 228, 250, 500; route of advance, 228; advance and camp at Cerralvo, organization of army, 228-30, 492, 493; Mexican force, 230, 494; Mexican preparations at Monterey, 230-2, 494; defences, 232-4, 239, 249, 495, 497; general map of battle, 232; Ampudia's position and policy, 234; measures to stay American advance, 234-5, 237, 495; McCulloch's Rangers, 236; advance from Cerralvo, aspect of country, 236-7, 496; arrival before Monterey, 237; confidence and size of American force, 238, 496; Worth's flanking movement to Saltillo road, 239-44, 497; Ampudia during battle, 241, 242, 248, 255, 258, 259, 501; detailed map of battle, 240; Worth's capture of Federation Ridge, 244-6, 498; of Independence Hill, 246-8, 499; Taylor's display in force, 249; fortifications in Taylor's front, 24950; his verbal instructions to Garland, 250-1, 500; capture of Tenería redoubt, 251-3, 500; futile attack on Diablo, 253-4; Taylor's mistakes, 254, 260, 500-3; Mexicans abandon outworks, 255; advance toward plaza, retirement, 256, 500: failure to concert action with Worth, 256-7, 501; Worth's attack in city, 257-8; condition of Mexican force, bombardment, 258, 501; capitulation, armistice, 259, 501-2; Taylor's acceptance considered, 260, 502-6; evacuation by Mexicans, 260; results, fame, 261, 506; condition and size of Taylor's force after, 262, 506; Polk and terms, armistice terminated, 263; to be end of northern advance,?50; losses, 505; foreign comment, 2. 306-7.
* Montgomery, J. B. f and British commander, 2. 446; at Guaymas, 447.
* Montoya, J. M., Mexican charge at Washington, reports cited passim.
* Mora, J. M. L., minister at London, and England and California, 2. 303; and British mediation, 508.
* Mora y Villamil, Ignacio, on California, 1. 322; on Texas and the war, 457; and defences of Vera Cruz, 2. 19; and preparations below Perote, 40; peace commissioner, 135; and guerilla warfare, 168, 422; armistice negotiations, 242, 394; and Contreras, 375.
* Morale, of American troops at Corpus Christi, 1. 144; at Rio Grande, 147, 160, 164; results of Rio Grande campaign, 177-9, 469; of volunteers in first camps, 207, 481; Wool's discipline, 268, 269, 273, 275, 276; character of Doniphan's force, 299, 303; of Wool's force before Buena Vista campaign, 371; Taylor's influence, 372, 374; of Scott's force at Puebla, 2. 73; at start of final campaign, 78; lack, in guerillas, 172; naval, 190, 438; mutiny at Buena Vista, 418; effect of newspapers on Mexican, 509. See also Army; Conquered territory; Deserters.
* Morales, Juan, defence of Vera Cruz, 2. 22, 31, 336, 337, 340-2.
* Morehead, T. G., at siege of Puebla, 2. 174.
* Morelia, powder-mill, 2. 87.
* Morelia battalion, at Monterey, 1. 494; at Belén garita, 2. 412.
* Morelos, J. M., as partisan leader, 1. 32.
* Moreno, J. M., attack on La Paz, 2. 449.
* Morfit, H. M., American agent in Texas, reports cited passim.
* Morgan, G. W., at Cerralvo, 1. 562; and Fifteenth Infantry, 2. 363; at Contreras, 378. Morier, J. J., British agent in Mexico, on Mexican character, 1. 410.
* Mormon battalion, follows Kearny's expedition, 1. 290, 516; in California, 2. 218, 219, 454, 455.
* Morris, L. N., at Palo Alto, 1. 164.
* Mosquito fleet, 2. 29, 338.
* Mountain systems of Mexico, 1. 1. ​
* Mounted Riflemen, authorized, 1. 19Q; in Smith's brigade, 541; at Cerro Gordo, 2. 52, 54, 350, 352; in Scott's army, 77; at Contreras, 104; at, Churubusco, 110, 114, 382, 384; at Belén garita, 159, 160; at siege of Vera Cruz, 343; at Molino del Rey, 403; at Chapultepec, 410; in the guerilla operations, 427.
* Mouth of the Rio Grande, camp, 1. 20?.
* Mulejé, and American occupation, 2. 448.
* Mules. See Transportation.
* Munroe, John, artillery at Point Isabel, 1. 146, 148.
* Murphy, Tomás, Mexican agent at London, Aberdeen's suggestion to, 1. 434; and interposition, 2. 302, 304, 504-6; and foreign officers, 306.
* Muscatine, Iowa. See Bloomington.
* N
* Nacogdoches, Gaines's expedition, 1. 64-6, 420-2.
* Nájera, Lieut. Col., at Monterey, falls, 1. 243.
* Napoleon I, on first quality of a soldier, 1. 440; on flank movement, 497; on agent's responsibility, 2. 398.
* Nashville Union, on war spirit, 1. 126.
* Natchez, Vera Cruz incident, 1. 424, 425.
* National bridge. See Puente nacional.
* National Guard, Mexican, and Federalists, 1. 221, 222; Brazito affair with Doniphan, 301-2; attempt to centralize, 376, 2. 346; at Vera Cruz, 22, 343; and siege of Puebla, 174, 425. National highway, 1. 16. See also Mexico expedition.
* National Intelligencer, and peace, 2. 125; on Polk and his party, 269; and tariff, 273; on Polk, 275; on outbreak of war, 277; encourages enemy, 280, 281; and tax on tea and coffee, 285; and no-territory plan, 288; and victorious war, 292; on title by conquest, 497; on tariff for Mexican ports, 500, 501.
* Navajo Indians, conquered, 1. 298.
* Navy, American, foreign opinion, 1. 106; pacific instructions (1845), 131, 447; war preparations, 190; mosquito fleet at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. 29, 338; sailors and landed battery at siege, 30, 34, 338; vessels at the beginning of the war, distribution, 189, 197, 438; appropriation and increase, 189; establishment, condition, 189, 438; administration, 19091; and Mexican privateers, 192-3; blockade, 193 5, 205, 206, 208, 446, 448; scurvy and yellow fever, 194 5; and Mexican navy, 195; difficulties of shore operations, 196; Alvarado expeditions, 197-9, 344; operations on Mexican western coast, 205-8, 446-9; character of service, 208, 449; character of control of occupied territory, 208; evacuation, 476. See also California; Conner, David; Jones, T. A. C.; Marines; Perry; Sloat; Shubrick; Stockton.
* Navy, Mexican, 2. 195.
* Negotiations. See Diplomatic intercourse; Peace.
* Neptune, at Tampico, 1. 281; wrecked, 449.
* Neutrality, American, and Texas, 1. 63, 432; and Sabine River boundary, 64; and Gaines's expedition, 64-6; and recognition of Texas, 66-7, 422-3; Bocanegra-Webster correspondence, 68; European, in the war, 2. 300-5. See also Interposition; Mediation.
* New Granada, and the war, 2. 298.
* New Helvetia, trading post, 1.318, 522.
* New Jersey troops, call, 2. 364; in Taylor's later force, 417; at Jalapa, 433.
* New Mexico, Santa Fe trail trade, 1. 72, 284, 514; province, population, 284; political situation, 284-6, 2. 216; American war policy toward, 1. 286; preparation of Kearny's expedition, force, 286, 288, 515; map of his route, 287; his march to Pent's Fort, 288-9, 515; Armijo's attitude, preparations, and desertion, 289, 292-4, 516-7; Price's reinforcement of Kearny, 290, 516; Mormon battalion, 290, 516; Kearny's proclamation and letter to Armijo, 290, 516; advance to San Miguel, assurances to inhabitants, 291-2, 516; expected fight at Apache Canyon, condition of expedition, 292-3, 516; resistance abandoned, 2935; occupation of Santa Fe, 295-6; Fort Marcy, 296; march to southern district, 297; retaining force, 298; reduction of Indians, 298; Doniphan's march to El Paso, Brazito affair, 298--300, 517, 518; condition of force at Santa Fe, 518; in peace negotiations and treaty, 135, 136, 238, 240, 248, 396, 468, 469; character of population, 216; excesses due to American occupation, 216, 453; Price's rule, insurrection, 217, 453; civil government as conquered territory, 285; justice of acquisition, 322; supposed force in (Nov., 1847), 432; Texas and occupation, 497. ​
* New Orleans, enlistments, 1. 195; as rival of New York, 2. 274; yellow fever (1847), 431.
* New Orleans Commercial Bulletin, attacks policy of forbearance, 1. 121; on easy victory over Mexico, 126.
* New Orleans Delta, on Paredes revolt, 1. 120; demand for war, 443; Leonidas letter, 2. 187, 435; on Taylor's force (1847), 417.
* New Orleans Jeffersonian Republican, attacks policy of forbearance, 1. 120.
* New Orleans Picayune, on monarchist plans in Mexico, 1. 90, 122, 135; attacks on policy of forbearance, 119; on rejection of Slidell, 120; on war spirit, 126, 132; demand for war, 443.
* New Orleans Tropic, on policy of expansion, 1. 123.
* New York, and peace, 2. 123; Polk and factions, 270, 491. See also New York troops.
* New York City, enlistments, 1. 194.
* New York Courrier des Etats Unis, oh European protection of Mexico, 1. -121.
* New York Express, and peace, 2. 125.
* New York Herald, on unrest, 1. 124; on war spirit, 124; on war as peace movement, 184; on war finances, 2. 256; on opposition to the war, 494.
* New York Journal of Commerce, on war spirit, 1. 124; on war as peace movement, 184.
* New York Morning News, on policy of expansion, 1. 123; on war spirit, 124-6.
* New York Sun, and Worth, 2. 186, 434; favors absorbing Mexico, 243.
* New York Tribune, on policy of expansion, 1. 123; on Polk and war, 184; on the war and politics, /. 275; on annexation of Texas and war, 276; demands recall of troops, 290; on Scott and the cabal, 436.
* New York troops, in Vera Cruz expedition, 1. 368, 537, 2. 343; at Cerro Gordo, 53, 58; in march to Puebla, 69; in Scott's army, 78; at Churubusco, 117; at Chapultepec, 157, 409; in Mexico City, 163; in California, 219, 454, 476; in Lower California, 448.
* Newspapers, Mexican, war-time lamentations, 2. 509. See also Press.
* Niles, J. M., and absorption of Mexico, 2. 244; position in Senate, 496.
* Niles' Register, on Taylor's generalship, 1. 503.
* Niño Perdido garita, 2. 148.
* Ninth Cavalry, Mexican, at Cerro Gordo, 2. 347.
* Ninth Infantry, in Scott's army, 2. 78, 363, 432; at Contreras, 109; at Chapultepec, 154, 155, 157; advance after armistice, 400; at Huamantla, 426; at Pachuca, 433.
* Nonata, captured, 1. 511.
* Noncombatants, American policy toward, 2. 210, 220, 229. See also Conquered territory.
* Nopalucan, aspect, 2. 69.
* Noriega, General, at Palo Alto, 1. 165, 168; captured at Chapultepec, 2. 411.
* North Carolina troops, enlistments, 1. 195; calls, 537, 2. 431; in Taylor's later force, 417.
* Norther, character, 1. 541; 2. 34.
* Nuevo León, troops at Monterey, 1. 494; levy on, for guerilla warfare, 2. 170, 422; attitude toward United States, 215; general occupation, 418. See also Monterey.
* O
* Oaxaca state, guerilla warfare, 2. 173; revolt and the war, 369.
* Obregón, Pablo, Mexican minister at Washington, and boundary negotiations, 1. 60.
* O'Brien, J. P. J., battery at Buena Vista, 1. 388, 390-2, 394, 557. Ocampo, M., and Santa Anna, 1. 376.
* Occupied territory. See Conquered territory.
* O'Donnell, Leopoldo, and Mexican privateering, 2. 193.
* O'Donojú, Juan, treaty with Itúrbide, 1. 33.
* Officers, character of volunteer, 1. 192, 207, 2. 215; for the ten new regiments, 76; value of West Point training, 320. See also Army; Volunteers.
* Ohio, and attack on Tuxpán, 2. 444; in Pacific squadron, 447.
* Ohio troops, enlistments, 1. 195; at Monterey, 253, 492, 496; in Taylor's later force, 2. 417; with Scott, 418; in Lane's march to Puebla, 426; in his guerilla operations, 426, 427; calls (1847), 364, 365, 431; garrison at Puebla, 433; non-active men, 511. ​
* Ojo de Agua, aspect, 2. 69; American post, 433.
* Olaguíbel, F. M. de, warnings to Santa Anna (1846), 1. 378, 379; supports Farías, 2. 82; character, 86; and opposition to Santa Anna, 86, 134, 136; yields to Santa Anna's demands, 92; supplies for Scott, 134; in American rear, 148; and evacuation of Mexico, 163; supports Peña, 180, 428.
* Old Peñon, fortification, 2. 90, 369, 373; Mexican army at, 92; Scott avoids, 96.
* Oligarchy, of Spanish born, 1. 29; deposes viceroy, 30; Hidalgo's revolt against, 31; partisan warfare on, 31; doomed, 32; revolt against liberal constitution, 32; plots against federal government, 37; rules Victoria, 37; attempted revolt (1823), 38; expulsion of Gachupines, 39, 42, 413; and Bustamante's revolt, 43; and Santa Anna, 45; and Farias' reforms, 46; makes Santa Anna dictator, 46; and Seven Laws, rule, 47; factions, 48; goes over to Santa Anna (1841), 50. See also Government; Monarchy; Roman Catholic church.
* Olozaga, Salustiano de, on monarchy for Mexico, 1. 448.
* Opposition to the war, Mexico counts on, 1. 105, 107, 119, 443; objections to war bill, 182-3, 471; basis, 2. 273-5; Whig troubles, 276-80, 283, 493, 494; warning from opposition to War of 1812, 280; encourages enemy, 280-1, 289, 495; character of speeches in Congress, 284-6; and Wilmot Proviso, 286-7, 498; Whig no-territory plan, 287-8, 498; protracts war, 288, 292; demand for stoppage of supplies and recall of troops, 290-1, 500; Whig House programme, 290; effect on, of success of war, 290; continued baiting of Polk, 291, 500; results, 292, 314, 510; historical results, 292-3, 501.
* Oregon country, question and Mexican relations, 1. 90, 94, 130, 137, 2. 299, 504; and British aid of Mexico, 1. 114; and outbreak of the war, 200, 458, 478; compromise settlement, 201; effect on Polk, 2. 271, 281; settlement and Wilmot Proviso, 286; danger in, 295.
* Organic Bases, 1. 52; revival, 217.
* Orizaba, situation, aspect, 1. 2, 2. 222; Santa Anna's preparations at, 67-8; Bankhead's expedition, aspect of route to, 184-5, 433 American rule, 223; Lane at, 427.
* Orizaba, Mount, aspect, 2. 18, 60, 223.
* Ortega, J. M., in Monterey negotiations, 1. 502. Osgood, David, on War of 1812, 2. 280, 494.
* Oswandel, J. J., on Pillow, 2. 377.
* Otero, Mariano, on advance to Rio Grande, 1. 155; on income of the Church, 408; on Texas and the war, 458; and peace negotiations, 2. 136, 236; leader of Moderados, 327.
* Outbreak of the war, Mexican policy to avoid formal declaration, 1. 88, 434; protection of Texas and boundary question, 138, 153, 449,457, 470; Taylor's force occupies Corpus Christi, 141-3, 452; original size of force, 142; reinforcements, 143, 454; condition of force, 143; rank controversy, 144; crossing of Rio Grande by Mexicans as invasion, 144, 453; Taylor's advance to Rio Grande, 145-8, 454; retaliatory orders, 148, 455; Mexicans cross and attack Thornton, 149, 455; de facto war, Taylor calls for more troops, 150, 455; justification of advance to Rio Grande, 151-4, 456; advance not cause of war, 1545, 185, 457, 471; war begun by Mexico, 155, 190, 2. 311-2; her grief for first battles, 1. 179; Folk's Message, 181, 470; war bill in Congress, 182-3, 471-3; quick peace expected, 184, 471; political considerations, Benton, 184-5, 471; Calhoun's opposition, 185-7, 472; existence of legal war, 186-7, 472; causes, 187-90, 326, 471, 473, 526, 2. 284, 310-1, 508-9; proclamation, 1. 191, 474; raising of army, 190-6, 445; selection of commander, 196-8, 200; Polk and Scott's plans, Scott's relegation, 198-200, 476-8; and Oregon question, 200, 458, 478; negotiations with Santa Anna, 201-3, 4789; Mexican preparations and declaration, 212, 222-3, 484, 488; effect of Rio Grande campaign on Mexicans, 213; overthrow of Paredes, 214-22, 485; Santa Anna's policy to command army only, 222-4; error of short-war policy, 347; popularity, 2. 268; Whig inconsistency on, 276-7; Webster on pretexts, 279, 494; Buchanan's diplomatic circular on, 297; British attitude, 299-300; French attitude, 300, 503; Folk's alleged inconsistencies on causes, 491; as result of lack of preparedness, 509. See also Preparation; Rio Grande campaign. ​
* Owens, S. C., in Doniphan's expedition, 1. 303; at battle of Sacramento, killed, 311.
* P
* Pacheco, F., at Buena Vista, 1. 38991.
* Pacheco, J. R., and peace negotiations, 2. 133, 137, 393, 396.
* Pachuca, occupied, 2. 184, 433; under American rule, 460.
* Pacific squadron, vessels during the war, 2. 189, 447. See also Shubrick; Sloat; Stockton.
* Padierna, battle of. See Contreras.
* Pageot, A. J. Y., French minister at Washington, reports cited passim.
* Pakenham, Richard, British minister at Mexico and Washington, and expulsion of Americans, 1. 72, 423; and American claims against Mexico, 79, 81, 431; on chances of expected war, 107, 109; warning against slavery expansion, 114; on California, 320, 322; on growing distaste for war, 347; on Folk's dilemma, 349; on plan against Vera Cruz, 350; on Santa Anna's rule, 415; on Mexican treatment of Poinsett, 417; on Monterey armistice, 502; on march to Mexico City, 2. 37; on desire for peace, 123, 126; on American war finances, 260, 482; and mediation, 301, 504.
* Palmasola fort near Tuxpán, 2. 202.
* Palmerston, Viscount, and Mexican privateering, 2. 192; offers mediation. 301, 504; and California, 302; and Guizot, 304; and American victories, 305; and interposition, 306; and absorption of Mexico, 309.
* Palmetto Regiment, in Vera Cruz expedition, 1. 368; call, 537; in march to Puebla, 2. 69; in Scott's army, 78, 343; at Churubusco, 117, 384; at Chapultepec, 157; at Belén garita, 160, 412; in Alvarado expedition, 344.
* Palo Alto, battle of, American force, 1. 163; American line, 164; map, 164; Mexican advance and position, 164-5; Mexican force, 165; artillery, 165, 465; Torrejon's attack and repulse, 166-7; American movement on right, 167-8; defeat of Mexican right, 168-9; losses, 169, 466; Mexican retreat, 169. See also Rio Grande campaign.
* Palo Alto, Camp, 1. 480.
* Pánuco expedition, 1. 281.
* Pareda, J. N., and privateering, 2. 192.
* Paredes y Arrillaga, Mariano, revolt (1841), 1. 50; revolt against Santa Anna (1844), 52, 53; and Herrera's rule, 55, 56; and monarchy, 90, 214; revolt (1845), 95, 98-9, 438; as temporary President, 100; hostility toward United States, 100; and Slidell, 100, 439; and the war, 104, 155, 190, 452, 2. 66; revolt and American opinion, 1. 120; effect of Rio Grande campaign on, 180, 470; on cause of the war, 189, 457, 474; his policy, 212; cuts off consuls, 212,484; elected President, 212; war proclamation, 213; and plans to take command, 214-5, 217; difficulties, 214-6, 485; combination against, 216; overthrow, 217, 485; and California, 329, 522-4, 2. 302; and artillery, 1. 462; exiled, 485; supposed desire for peace, 2. 122; combination against Santa Anna (1847), 134, 137; subsides, 242; return, 306, 395.
* Paredes, Fort, constructed, 1. 158.
* Paris Constitutionnel, on chances of expected war, 1. 105, 110, 113; on California, 325; on three-million fund, 2. 126; on clergy and repeal of law of Jan. 11, 332; criticism of military operations, 507.
* Paris Correspondant, sympathy with Mexico, 1. 112; on Mexican church, 408; pessimism on peace prospects, 2. 235; on outbreak of war, 300.
* Paris Epoque, and interposition, 2. 304.
* Paris Globe, on chances of expected war, 1. 108.
* Paris National, on Guizot's American policy, 2. 296; on outbreak of war, 300; on England and war, 304.
* Paris Portefeuille, and neutrality, 2. 304.
* Parish, Elijah, on War of 1812, 2. 280, 494.
* Parker, Theodore, on Taylor at Buena Vista, 1. 559; on conduct of the war, 2. 324.
* Parker, W. A., Creole exploit, 2. 444.
* Parras, gathering of Wool's force at San Antonio, 1. 267-70; his advance to Parras, 270-5; aspect, 275; Comanche raid, 521; American rule, 2. 230; outrages at, 450. ​
* Parrodi, Anastasio, at Tampico, 1. 278, 511; at Tula, 553; command in Army of the North, 2. 369.
* Parrott, John, American consul at Mazatlán, and T. A. C. Jones, 1. 69; on California, 522; on Scott, 2. 316, 317; and Sloat, 333; and American funds in Mexico, 488.
* Parrott, W. S., American consul and confidential agent in Mexico, 1. 88, 89, 93, 94, 133, 434, 435; and advance to Rio Grande, 152; and Sloat, 333; claim, 426, 430; on British control of Mexico, 443.
* Parsons, M. M., in battle of Sacramento, 1. 309, 311, 312.
* Paso. See El Paso.
* Patria battalion, at Chapultepec, 2. 408.
* Patriota Mexicano, on Slidell mission, 1. 436.
* Patronage, as Folk's resource, 2. 270.
* Patten, G. W., on Scott at Cerro Gordo, 2. 56.
* Patterson, Robert, and Tamaulipas, 1. 263; and securing of Tampico, 281, 512; and command of Vera Cruz expedition, 351; march to Victoria, 360, 542, 543; as general, 361; and Pillow, 361; march to Tampico, 365-6; at Lobos Islands, 368; command on Rio Grande, 493; distribution of force (Oct.), 506; career, 507; at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. 26, 343; before Cerro Gordo, and plan to assault, 49; and the battle, 58, 354; takes time-expired men home, 64, 357; return to Mexico, 184; at Jalapa, 354; and Jarauta, 421; retained in service, 432; division at San Angel, 461; leaves Mexico City, 476; on West Pointers, 513.
* Patterson, Camp, 1. 480.
* Paul, G. R., at Chapultepec, 2. 410.
* Paulding, J. K., on Polk, 2. 270.
* Paz, occupied, counter attacks, 2. 208, 448, 449.
* Peace, speedy, expected, 1. 184, 471; Folk's suggested terms to Santa Anna (1846), 202, 471; Santa Anna and, after return, 221, 487; mistake in expecting speedy, 347; Mexican law forbidding negotiations, 2. 81, 130, 135, 367, 389, 393; Scott's halt after Churubusco, 121, 386, 393; attitude of Polk and Buchanan, 121; supposed favorable Mexican attitude (1846), 122; rejection of Buchanan's advances (1846), 122, 386; three million fund and bribery, 123. 126. 387; general American desire, 123; Atocha's mission, 123-4, 126, 387; reasons for Mexican obstinacy, 124-6; problem of ignoring Slidell, 126; appointment of Trist, his character, 127; his preconceived attitude toward Scott, 127; Trist's papers, 128; Trist-Scott misunderstanding and quarrel, 128-9, 389; Bankhead as mediator for Trist, 129, 390; controversy over receiving Buchanan's communication, 130-3, 390; Scott-Trist reconciliation, 130, 392; question of douceur, 131-2, 390-1; Puebla negotiations, 132, 391, 393; Scott's military proposal to facilitate, 133, 393; Mexican overtures after Churubusco, 133; armistice, 133, 394-6; negotiations during armistice (1847): Santa Anna's attitude, 135; his terms and instructions, neutral region east of Rio Grande, 135, 396, 398; Mexican commissioners, 135; Trist's terms, deadlock, 135; Santa Anna's dilemma, 136-7, 398; counter-projet, failure, effect, 138-9, 399; chronology of negotiations (1847), 396; Santa Anna and foreign support, 397. Arguments against, after fall of capital, 233, 470; attitude of Eventualists and other war factions, 234, 463; and governmental chaos, 234; American pessimism, 235, 463; Peña's determination to negotiate, 235, 463; Trist reopens negotiations by reply to counter-projet, 235, 463; party success in Presidential election, 236; state discussion, 236, 464; abortive insurrection of war party, 236, 464; support of Mexican Congress, 236; recall of Trist, 236, 464; intention to harden American terms, 237, 244, 464, 474; Trist ignores recall, 237-8, 465, 467; his boundary ultimatum, 238; further retardation, 238, 465; Mexican commissioners, 239; secret meetings, propositions, 239, 460; delays, need of haste, de facto truce, 239; insurrection threatens disruption, Scott's promise of protection, 240, 466; treaty secretly signed, 240, 467; terms, surrender of conquered territory to Mexico, 240, 467-70, 473; map, 241; armistice, 242, 471; plan for absorption of Mexico, 243-4, 309; Polk and treaty, his dilemma, 244-6, 471-2; treaty in Senate, 246-7, 472-3; amendment there, 247, 473; ratification commissioners, 2489, 473; Mexican opposition to acceptance, 249, 250; arguments in favor, 24951, 474; ratification by Mexican Congress, 250, 474; exchange of ratifications, 251, 474; misunderstandings, 251, 475; evacuation of Mexican territory, 251-2, 475-6; American opposition to annexations, 274; British offer of mediation, 301, 368, 503-4; reception of treaty in Europe, 308-9; justice and liberality, 322-3; Mexican cordiality, 323; effect in Europe, 323; explanatory protocol, 475; Spain and mediation, 503; Mexico and British guaranty of treaty, 508. ​
* Pedraza, Manuel Gomez, character, elected President, 1. 40; overthrow, 41; restored by Santa Anna, 44-5; as Federalist leader, 48; and Butler, 62; Paredes courts, 215; and Santa Anna (1846), 224; as leader of Moderados, 2. 2, 4; and clerical revolt, 14, 330; and peace negotiations, 132, 466.
* Pedregal near Contreras, 2. 101, 104. Peel, Sir Robert, and California, 2. 302.
* Peña fort near Tuxpán, 2. 202, 203.
* Peña y Barragán, M. de la, and revolt, 2. 12, 13; at San Cosme garita, 161, 162.
* Peña y Peña, Manuel de la, character, 1. 26, 2. 180, 427; and renewal of American intercourse, 1. 914, 435; and Slidell mission, 96, 97, 437; on Texas and war, 457; as Executive (1847), 2. 180, 427, 428; eliminates Santa Anna, 181, 428; determines to re-open peace negotiations, 235; Congress upholds, 235; and recall of Trist, 237, 465; and renewal of negotiations, 238; resumes administration, 240, 466; and insurrection and negotiations, 240, 466; and treaty before Congress, 250, 474; at exchange of ratifications, 251; on European interposition, 506.
* Pennsylvania, and tariff of 1846, 2. 273. See also next title.
* Pennsylvania troops, in Vera Cruz expedition, 1. 368, 2. 343; calls, 1. 537, 2. 364, 430; at Cerro Gordo, 56, 57, 353; in Scott's army, 78; at Chapultepec, 157; at Puebla, 174; at Huamantla, 425, 426; in Lane's guerilla operations, 426; at Jalapa, 361, 433.
* Peñon Viejo. See Old Peñon.
* Pensions, Mexican War, 2. 490.
* Peñúñuri, F., at Churubusco, 2. 382.
* Peonage, not displaced by slavery, 1. 188.
* People. See Population.
* Perdigón Garay, J. G., at Belén garita, 2. 159, 160.
* Pérez, F., at Buena Vista, 1. 393-5, 559; at Coyoacán, 2. 101; at Contreras, 105, 379; at Churubusco, 110; at Casa Mata, 142, 145; brigade, 369.
* Perote, castle of, occupied by Worth, 2. 61; American garrison, 65, 74, 361, 362; and relief of Puebla, 176, 425.
* Perry, M. C., in occupation of Tampico, 1. 280; and reinforcements for it, 281, 512, 513; Taylor on, 352; at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. 30, 36, 339, 340; Tabasco expeditions, 199-200, 204-5, 443, 445; Yucatan operations, 201, 204, 443; supersedes Conner, 201-2; character as officer, 202; capture of Tuxpan, 202-3, 444; operations at small ports, 203, 445; Alvarado expedition, 344-5; squadron, distribution, 442, 444-6; and attack on Ulúa, 444.
* Perry, damaged, 2. 449.
* Petrel, in occupation of Tampico, 1. 279, 281; at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. 388; added to navy, 438; in Home Squadron, 442, 446; in attack on Tuxpán, 444.
* Petrita, at Vera Cruz, 2. 23, 336; in Tabasco expedition, 199; in Home Squadron, 446.
* Philadelphia, enlistments, 1. 195.
* Philadelphia North American, on tariff of 1846, 2. 257; and the war. 268, 275; on war and extension of slavery, 492. Philadelphia Public Ledger, on speeches in Congress, 2. 284.
* Physical aspect, general, of Mexico, 1. 1-3, 16; of Corpus Christi, 143; between there and Rio Grande, 146; of camps near Rio Grande, 205-7; of Camargo, 211; of Cerralvo. 229; beyond Cerralvo, 236, 496; of Monterey, 257, 2. 212; between Monterey and Saltillo, 1. 265; between the Rio Grande and Monclova, 272; of Monclova, 273; of Parras, 275; of Tampico, 276, 280, 2. 214; of Raton Pass, 1. 291; of Santa Fe, 296; of Jornada del Muerto, 300; of El Paso, 300, 302; between El ​
* Paso and Chihuahua, 304; at Sacramento River, 308; of Monterey, Cal., 334; between Monterey, Mex., and Victoria, 357-9; between Matamoros and Victoria, 360; between Victoria and Tampico, 366; between Saltillo and Agua Nueva, 373; between San Luis Potosí and Encarnacion, 380, 553; of Buena Vista field, 385; view on approaching Antón Lizardo, 2. 18; of Vera Cruz, 18-9, 34 5, 221-2; along highway from Perote to puente nacional, 39; of Cerro Gordo, 42-5, 347; of national highway between Vera Cruz and Cerro Gordo, 46-8; of Jalapa, 59, 223; between Jalapa and Perote, 60-1; between Perote and Puebla, 69; of Puebla, 71, 178; between Puebla and Valley of Mexico, 92-3; of the Valley, 94, 119, 138, 158; of the routes across it, 95-7; of Santa Anna's southern line, 99, 102, 374; of Contreras field, 101, 103, 375; of Churubusco, 111; of Tacubaya, 138, 400; of Molino del Rey, 140; of western and southern approaches to Mexico City, 147; of Chapultepec, 150-2, 405-6; between Vera Cruz and Orizaba, 184-5; coast storms, 194; of San Juan Bautista, 200; of Tuxpán, 202-3; of Mazatlan, 206; of Orizaba, 222; of Mexico City, 228.
* Pickett, G. E., at Chapultepec, 2. 157.
* Pico, Andrés, battle of San Pascual, 1. 341, 342, 534; succeeds Flores, 345; capitulation, 345.
* Pico, Jesús, and Fremont, 1. 345.
* Pico, Pio, as governor of California, 1. 319; character, 328; British partisan, 328, 333, 531; civil war with Castro, 329; and American occupation, 335, 337, 530.
* Pierce, Franklin, on war enthusiasm, 1. 442; reinforcements for Scott, 2. 77, 171; brigade in Scott's army, 78, 363; brigade at Contreras, 104, 378; and at Churubusco, 115-7, 384; and plan of attack on Mexico City, 149, 408; armistice commissioner, 394; and Molino del Rey, 403; and battles before Mexico, 415; leaves Mexico, 438.
* Pillow, G. J., as political general, character, 1. 208, 361, 367, 543, 546, 2. 185-6, 433; and Polk, 1. 367, 2. 128, 186, 510; joins Scott's headquarters, 1. 367; on Ripley's book, 405; at Brazos, 476; on Taylor's confidence, 492; left at Camargo, 493; on Taylor and Vera Cruz expedition, 536; on Taylor and administration, 538; brigade at Vera Cruz, 2. 27; before Cerro Gordo, 49; in the battle, 56-8, 352-3; censures on Scott to Polk, 74; absence, return as major general, 77, 357; division, 77; in advance from Puebla, 93, 371; at Contreras, 103-5, 376, 378, 380; at Churubusco, 110, 385; force after the battle, 120; and armistice, 134, 395; advance after armistice, 142, 400; at Chapultepec, 152, 153, 156, 409; misgivings there, 153; division in advance on Belén garita, 159; cabal against Scott, Leonidas letter, 187, 435; Scott's charges against, and arrest, 188, 437; Polk rescues, 188; and the recalling of Trist, 236; intrigue against Scott and Presidential ambition, 376; opinion of good officers, 377; ascendancy over Scott, 378; and douceur, 391; and plan of attack on Mexico City, 408; leaves Mexico, 438.
* Pineda, Manuel, attack on La Paz, 2. 449.
* Pino, Manuel, force to resist Kearny, 1. 293, 294.
* "Pintos," in Alvarez's force, 2. 369.
* Pinzón, Luis, at Cerro Gordo, 2. 44, 51.
* Plan del Río, as defensive point, 2. 40, 42; Scott's advance at, 48.
* Plana mayor, Mexican, 1. 156.
* Plateau, central, of Mexico, 1. 1-2.
* Plebeian, on war and expansion, 1. 444.
* Poblana market girls, 2. 71.
* Poinsett, J. R., treatment as minister at Mexico, 1. 58-9, 417; boundary and Texas negotiations, 59-60, 418; commercial negotiations, 61, 419; recall demanded, 62; on Mexican agriculture, 410; on Mexican cavalry, 440; on American army, 451; on Trist mission, 2. 390.
* Point Isabel, occupied by Taylor, 1. 146, 148; as base, Taylor and line of communication, 160-1, 463; Taylor's hurried march to, 163; as camp, 205; Mexican customhouse, 452; navy at, 466, 2. 197; troops left at, 1. 493.
* Police, in occupied territory, 2. 213, 215, 229, 450, 452. ​
* Politics, in choice of a commander, 1. 197, 199-200; in Vera Cruz expedition, 356, 363, 368, 539, 544; influence on war operations, 545. See also Congress; Democratic; Government, Mexican; Opposition; Polk, J. K.; President of United States; Whig.
* Polk, J. K., efforts to restore intercourse with Mexico, 1. 88-91; Slidell mission, 94-5, 98, 100, 133, 436, 447; alleged desire for war, 127-8, 445-6, 478; diary, 128; character, 128-30, 447, 2. 270-1, 314-5, 510; disproof of desire for war, 1. 130-4, 150, 326, 447, 526; and Oregon, 130, 137, 200-1, 478; and Scott, 130, 354, 2. 75, 188, 436, 511; intolerable conditions facing, 1347; peaceful intent and advance to Rio Grande, 1515, 456-61; war Message, 181, 470; expects quick peace, 184, 471; and slavery and the war, 188; war proclamation, 191, 474; and volunteering, 191, 193; and selection of commanding officer, 196, 198, 200, 202, 476; and Taylor, 196, 352-3, 507, 538, 544, 547; alarm over Rio Grande conditions, 198, 476; and Scott's war policy, clash, 199-200, 477; negotiations with Santa Anna, 201-3, 471, 478-9, 2. 491, 493; and terms at Monterey, 1. 260, 263, 505; war programme, occupation of territory, 262, 266-7, 350-1, 2. 273, 492; and Tampico, 1. 278; and defensive line policy dilemma, 283, 348; and New Mexico, 286; and California, 325, 326, 332, 526, 2. 514; selection of commander for Vera Cruz expedition, 1. 351-4; and plans and responsibility for Scott's expedition, 356, 540, 541, 2. 343; and insubordination of Harney, 1. 365, 545; Pillow's influence with, 367, 547, 2. 128, 186, 510; and Texan boundary, 1. 449; and Doniphan's expedition, 517; and Ten Regiment Bill, 2. 74, 76; and commanding generalcy for Benton, 75, 365; and seekers for army office, 76; desire for peace negotiations, 121; and rejection of overtures (1846), 123, 387; three million fund, 123, 387; effect of policy on Mexican obduracy, 126; problem of ignoring Slidell, 126; appointment of Trist as agent, 127; and failure of negotiations (1847), 138, 399; and cabal against Scott, 185-8, 438; on privateering, 192; and puppet government for Mexico, 235; recalls Trist, 236, 237, 464; and absorption of Mexico, 244; and the treaty, dilemma, 244-6, 471; appointment of ratification commissioners, 248-9, 473; and tariff, 257; and war loans, 259, 260, 264, 482; and tariff for Mexican ports, 261, 262; and levies on Mexicans, 264, 486; public and party attitude toward, 269, 271, 282, 291; Cabinet, 269, 282; and patronage, 270, 283; and New York politics, 270, 491; effect of Oregon policy on, 271, 281; and of river and harbor veto, 271, 281; and of attitude toward Taylor and Scott, 272; and of Texas, 272; and of unfavorable war conditions, 272; and of fiscal policy, 273, 281; Whig jibes, 275-6; inconsistency of Whig criticism, 276-80, 493; and Whig encouragement of enemy, 281; character of Congressional attacks on policy, 284-6, 289; continuation of baiting, 291, 500; hampering of policy, 292; injustice of condemnation, 293; reassertion of Monroe Doctrine, 295; on France and Texas, 295, 501; British on, 300; and British mediation, 301, 504; achievement, 314-5, 510; and Trist-Scott quarrel, 389; and douceur, 391; and armistice, 393; and mutiny at Buena Vista, 418; and Hays's regiment, 423; further call for volunteers, 431; and trial of Fremont, 454; and Yucatan, 472; Message (1847) on pushing the war, 474; and Lower California, 476; alleged war inconsistencies, 491; and policy of annexations, 502.
* Polk, Fort, 1. 205.
* Polko revolt, 2. 12-14, 330-2, 334.
* Polko battalions, formation, 2. 3, 13; at Churubusco, 111.
* Poll tax, question of Mexican, 2. 328.
* Pommarès, ——, Conner's agent, 1. 478.
* Ponce de León, Antonio, Brazito affair, 1. 301-2, 518; in battle of Sacramento, 310.
* Popocatepetl, Mount, aspect, 2. 92, 93. Popularity of the war in the United States, general American war spirit, 1. 124, 444; why concentrated upon Mexico, 125, 444-5; initial, 2. 268; reaction, 269, 281, 490; restoration, 290, 499. See also Attitude; Opposition; Outbreak; Preparation. ​
* Population of Mexico, in 1846, 1. 3, 407; characteristics of Spanish born, 3; of Creoles, 3, 407; of Indians, 4; social and economic classes, 5-6; clergy, 6-8; army, 8-11; civil officials, 11; judges, 123; criminals, 13; need, 16; picture of life and character, 18-28; general state, types, 28, 445; of New Mexico, 284; of California, 315; characteristics of Californians, 315-7; popular American opinion of Mexican, 445; of Santa Fe, 517; characteristics of New Mexicans, 2. 216; British view of American character, 294-5, 502; contrast of American and Mexican character, 310, 508; attitude of Mexican, toward the war, 312, 510. See also Character; Conquered territory; Social conditions.
* Porpoise, in Home Squadron, 2. 197, 445.
* Port La Vaca, as base, 1. 267.
* Porter, Andrew, at Contreras, 2. 104.
* Porter, D. D., and Ulúa, 2. 201; at siege of Vera Cruz, 339.
* Porter, J. D., acknowledgment to, 1. 444.
* Porter, T. H., skirmish, killed, 1. 160.
* Portsmouth, at San Francisco, 1. 333; in Pacific squadron, 2. 189, 206, 446, 447; off Mazatlán, 446, 447; at Guaymas, 447.
* Posada y Garduño, Manuel, and Santa Anna's dictatorship, 1. 52: chief monarchist, dies, 215.
* Posey, Carnot, on soldiers and Taylor, 1. 374.
* Potomac, and Vera Cruz expedition, 2. 18, 25; scurvy, 195; in Home Squadron, 197, 442; and attack on Tuxpán, 444.
* Pratt, H. C., in Lane's march to Puebla, 2. 426.
* Preble, in Pacific squadron, 2. 189, 206, 447.
* Preparation for war, Mexican, on annexation of Texas, 1. 87-8, 434; Mexican hostile attitude toward Americans, 102-4, 484; reasons for hope of Mexican success, 10416; United States deemed feeble, 1045; expected opposition in United States, 105, 107, 119, 443; foreign opinion on relative military strength, 105-6; Mexico's opinion of its own army, 106; Texas as expected field, 107, 110; successful invasion of Mexico deemed impossible, 107-8; Mexican hope in privateering, 108; and on financial burden on United States, 109, 130; expected revitalization of Mexico, 110; expected aid from Spanish America, 111; and from Europe, 112-5, 441, 442; importance of Oregon controversy, 114-5, 130, 137, 442; Mexican desire for war, 115-6, 442, 2. 312, 510; American attitude, 1. 117-37; resentment of Mexican outrages, 117-9, 443; patience with an inferior people, 119; attacks on policy of forbearance, 119-21; effect of claims controversy, 120, 132, 134, 448; of rejection of Slidell, 120, 127, 145, 445; supposed European manipulation of Mexico, 121-2, 443; demand of the southwest, trade influences, 122, 443; slaveholders fear, 123; chance to overthrow Calhoun, 123; and spirit of expansion, 123, 444; unrest, war spirit and allurements of Mexico, 124-6, 444-5; expected easy victory, 125; annexation of Texas and war spirit, 126, 132; Folk's alleged desire for war, disproof, 127-34, 150, 326, 445-8, 478, 526; intolerable conditions, force as only solution, 134-7; and monarchy for Mexico, 135, 448; bold attitude as argument for negotiations, 152. See also Diplomatic intercourse; Outbreak.
* President of Mexico, powers under first constitution, 1. 37; election of Victoria, 37; and of Pedraza, 40; Guerrero, 41; Bustamante, 43, 47; Pedraza restored, 45; election of Santa Anna (1832), 45; Santa Anna temporary, 49; Santa Anna's election (1844), 53; Herrera, 55; Paredes in power, 100, 212; Santa Anna titular and Farías acting (1846), 2. 5-6; Farías eliminated, Anaya substitute, 14, 15; Santa Anna resumes power (1847), 83; election of 1847 deferred, 73, 84, 363; Santa Anna resigns, Peña acting, 180, 240, 427, 428, 466; Anaya elected ad interim (1847), 236; Herrera (1848), 252. See also Dictatorship; Revolution.
* President of United States, Scott's ambition, 1. 130, 2. 284, 390-2; Taylor's candidacy proposed, 1. 179, 208; his ambition and suspicions, 352, 363, 368, 538, 544, 547; effect of Buena Vista on it, 400; his letter to Gaines, 507; effect on Taylor of ​
* Polk's attitude and own conduct, 2. 272, 278, 493; Whigs and candidates, 284; Webster's candidacy, 291; Taylor's candidacy as vindication of the war, 292; Pillow's ambition, 376. See also Polk.
* Press, Mexican, conditions, 1. 15;
* Paredes's decrees on, 215; during the war, 2. 84, 85, 91. See also Newspapers.
* Price, Sterling, to raise men, 1. 290; troops to reinforce Kearny, 290, 516; to hold Santa Fe, 298, 517; Chihuahua and Resales expedition, 2. 166, 419; as governor of New Mexico, 217, 453; supposed force (Nov., 1847), 432.
* Princeton, in occupation of Tampico, 1. 279; at Vera Cruz, 2. 26; in Home Squadron, 197, 441; in attack on Alvarado, 198.
* Principles of war, 1. 405.
* Prisoners of war, Encarnación, 1. 370-1, 562, 2. 418; release after Monterey armistice, 1. 507; Scott's treatment, parole, 2. 58, 340, 353, 515; and armistice after Churubusco, 134, 394; in treaty of peace, 468.
* Prisons, Mexican, 1. 13, 21.
* Privateering, Mexican hope in, 1. 108; projects, failure, 2. 191-3; question of American, 192, 439.
* Proclamations, war, 1. 191, 213, 474; Scott's, at Vera Cruz, 2. 38; of May 11, 66, 357-8.
* Programme of war, Folk's rejection of Scott's policy, 1. 198-200; policy of occupying territory, 262, 266-7, 508, 2. 273, 492; defensive-line policy, 1. 282-3, 461, 513, 514, 2. 183, 430; failure of quick peace programme, 1. 347; project of attack on Mexico City, 349; question of attack on Vera Cruz, 34950; no further advance in north, 350; attack on Vera Cruz adopted, 3501; advance to capital left open, 351, 540, 2. 344; Marcy shifts responsibility to Scott, 1. 355, 540; Taylor ignores programme, 368; Mexican plan after fall of capital, 2. 182, 430; American problem after capture of capital, 183, 430; hampered by opposition, 292; effect of inadequate preparation, 314, 510.
* Progreso, on American peace party, 2. 495.
* Pronunciation of Spanish, 1. xxi.
* Propaganda, Mexican, among Taylor's troops, 1. 160; among Irish soldiers, 507, 2. 81, 358; at siege of Vera Cruz, 337. See also Desertion.
* Prospects of war. See Preparation.
* Prosperity, of occupied territory, 2. 214, 215, 219, 232; American, in the war, 263, 484.
* Provisional, on United States and Texas, 1. 423.
* Prussia, and the war, 1. 403, 2. 298-9. See also Canitz.
* Public debt. See Finances; Loans.
* Public lands, bounty to soldiers, 2. 75, 490; gradation policy, 261, 482.
* Public opinion, lack in Mexico, 1. 13.
* Puebla, situation, aspect, 1. 2, 2. 71; Scott's advance from Jalapa, 64, 66, 69; clerical control and attitude toward Scott's advance, understanding, 65-6, 357; Santa Anna at, 69, 360; he evacuates, 70: Worth's conference, erroneous agreement, 70, 360; occupation, 71; character of Worth's rule, 71-2, 361; Scott at, 72; condition of army in, 72-3; advance from, 78, 92, 371; Scott at, and peace negotiations, 130, 391; guerilla operations and beginning of siege, 173-4, 424; American garrison and positions, 174, 424, 433; Santa Anna's siege, 174-6; Lane's march to relieve, 176, 425; battle of Huamantla, 176-8, 425-6; arrival of Lane, siege raised, 178; losses in siege, 426; American rule, 225, 229, 231.
* Puebla state, guerilla warfare, 2. 173; in discussion on peace, 464.
* Pueblo Indians, submit to Kearny, 1. 296.
* Puente nacional, as defensive point, 2. 40, 348; abandoned, 41-2; aspect, 47; American post, 432.
* Pulque, 1. 508.
* Punta Aguda, occupied, 1. 562.
* Purísima bridge at Monterey, 1. 249, 254.
* Puros, rise, aims, opposition, 2. 24; demands and loss of prestige, 4-5; and Presidential election (1846), 5; abandon Farías, 12; attitude toward Santa Anna, 15, 82, 83, 87; and peace negotiations (1847), 136; and local government under Scott, 229; Eventualists, 234, 465; oppose treaty, 250; and British mediation, 368. See also Farías; Federalism.
* Q
* Querétaro, situation, 1. 3; revolt, 2. 236.
* Querétaro battalion, at Monterey, V 494; at Chapultepec, 2. 408. ​
* Querétaro state, in discussion on peace, 2. 464.
* Quijano, Benito, armistice commissioner, 2. 242, 394.
* Quitman, J. A., brigade at Monterey, 1. 249, 252-6, 492; Taylor on, 352; march to Victoria, 357, 360; march to Tampico, 365-6, 368; at Brazos, 476; at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. 27; at Jalapa, 62; in advance to Puebla, 64, 69; Amozoc affair, 70; division in Scott's army, 78, 356, 365; in advance from Puebla, 93, 94, 371; at San Agustín, 103, 376, 380; during armistice, commissioner, 134, 394; advance after armistice, 142, 401; at Chapultepec, 152, 153, 156, 157, 409-11; at Belén garita, 15860, 162, 412, 414-6; takes possession of the city, 163, 416; as governor of it, 164, 226, 460; and Scott, 248; Alvarado expedition, 344-5; court of inquiry on Worth, 361; and Contreras, 381; and douceur, 391; and plan of attack on capital, 408; division broken up, 432; leaves Mexico, 438; not West Pointer, 513.
* R
* Radepont, Marquis de, on volunteers, 2. 513.
* Radicals, aim of Mexican (1846), 2. 2-4. See also Puros.
* Rainfall of Mexico, 1. 1-2.
* Ramírez, J. F., on Mexican responsibility for the war, 1. 116; on Santa Anna's manifesto, 219; on the Church, 408; on judicial system, 409; on political situation (1847), 2. 16, 83; on guerilla warfare, 168; on Mexican political character, 310; on justice of the war, 323; conference with Santa Anna, 368; on armistice, 399.
* Ramírez, Simeón, brigade at Monterey, 1. 235, 494; at Molino del Rey, 2. 142; flight, 145; at Belén garita, 159, 160.
* Ramiro, José, and Contreras, 2. 106.
* Ramsey, A. C., regiment, 2. 363.
* Ranchero, 1. 19.
* Ranelagh, Viscount, proffer to Mexico, 2. 306.
* Rangel, J., and preparations below Perote, 2. 40, 346; and Contreras, 110; at Molino del Rey, 142; at Chapultepec, 157, 161, 410, 411; at San Cosme garita, wounded, 161, 162, 413; brigade, 369.
* Rank controversy in American army, 1. 144.
* Ransom, T. B., at Contreras, 2. 109, 110, 378; at Chapultepec, killed, 155; regiment, 263. See also Ninth Infantry.
* Raritan, and Vera Cruz expedition, 2. 25; scurvy, 195; in Home Squadron, 197, 442, 446; in attack on Tuxpán, 444.
* Raton Pass, Kearny at, aspect, 1. 291.
* Razonador, peace organ, 2. 82.
* Rea, J., as guerilla, 2. 173; siege of Puebla, 174, 176; retirement and overthrow, 178-9, 426-7.
* Rebolledo, J. C., as guerilla, 2. 171; betrayed, 423.
* Recognition of Texas, American, 1. 66, 422, 423; European, 432.
* Red Comet, secret society, 1. 376.
* Reefer, captured, 1. 511; at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. 238; added to navy, 438; in Home Squadron, 442, 445, 446; in attack on Tuxpan, 444.
* Reforma, desires war, 1. 116. Reforms, Farias' attempts, 1. 45-6. Regulars. See Army.
* Reid, J. W., in battle of Sacramento, 1. 309, 311; pursuit of Comanches, 521.
* Reid, Mayne, at battle of Chapultepec, wounded, 2. 156, 157. Rejón, M. C., and annexation of Texas, 1. 86; Santa Anna's manifesto (1846), 219; and new government, 222; return with Santa Anna, 486; as leader of Puros, 2. 2, 3; demands and dismissal, 4; and demand on Church property, 10, 329, 331; rejects peace overtures (1846), 122; and Atocha as peace agent, 124; key of policy, 125; corrupt, 131; opposes peace negotiations (1847), 136; and treaty of peace, 249; and poll tax, 324; and British offer of mediation, 368; suspected intrigue with Scott, 390.
* Religion. See Roman Catholic church.
* Reno, J. .L., at Contreras, 2. 104; at Chapultepec, 154.
* Reports, character of American army, 1. ix, 404, 2. 59, 354.
* Republicano, on financial chaos, 2. 11; on three-million fund, 126; on Atocha, 386.
* Repudiation, state, and American war finances, 2. 256, 294, 478.
* Requena, T., and defence of Monterey, 1. 233, 489; and Santa Anna, 377; in Monterey negotiations, 602; on Taylor's blunders, 503. ​
* Resaca de Guerrero. See Resaca de la Palma.
* Resaca de la Palma, battle of, map, 1. 170; Mexican position and conditions, 170-2, 467; American advance, mêlée, 172-3; flanking of Mexican left, 174; panic of Mexican right, 174; May's charge, 174, 467; Arista's conduct, 175; flight across Rio Grande, 175; little pursuit, 175, 467; losses, 176. See also Rio Grande campaign. Revista Económica y Comercial, on Herrera administration, 1. 438.
* Revolutions in Mexico, as relief for ennui, 1. 21; Hidalgo's attempt (1810), 31; Itúrbide's (1821), 33; overthrow of Itúrbide (1823), 35; Montaño attempt (1827), 38; Santa Anna's overthrow of Pedraza (1828), 40-1; overthrow of Guerrero (1829), 43; Santa Anna restores Pedraza (1832), 44-5; attempt against Farías (1833), 46; Mejía's attempt (1839), 49; attempts of Paredes and Valencia(1841), 50; Santa Anna's (1841), 51; overthrow of Santa Anna (1844), 53-5; attempted Federalist (1845), 56; Paredes (1845), 98-9, 120, 438; Alvarez (1846), 216; overthrow of Paredes, 216-7, 485; complexity of this, 2. 1; clerical (Polko), against Farías (1847), 12-4, 230-2.
* Reyes, I., and the defence of northern states, 1. 305; and plans against Taylor, 2. 165; succeeds Santa Anna, 181, 429.
* Reynolds, J. F., at Chapultepec, 2. 156.
* Reynosa, occupied, 1. 204, 479.
* Rhett, R. B., position in House, 2. 496.
* Rhode Island, and peace, 2. 123.
* Richmond Enquirer, on war spirit, 1. 126; on divided sentiment toward Mexico, 443. See also Ritchie, Thomas.
* Richtofen, Freiherr von, Prussian minister at Mexico, on Bocanegra's note, 1. 69.
* Ridgely, Randolph, battery at Resaca de la Palma, 1. 172, 173, 467; at Monterey, 254, 492, 496.
* Riley, Bennet, at Cerro Gordo, 2. 53, 55, 352, 354; brigade in Scott's army, 77; at Contreras, 104, 10810, 378-80; at Churubusco, 114, 382; and plan of attack on Mexico City, 149, 408; at Chapultepec, 152; advance after armistice, 401; at Tacubaya, 461.
* Rincón, Manuel, and Alvarez' revolt, 1. 216; at Churubusco, 2. 110, 114, 117; and high command, 182, 429; and peace commission, 239, 466.
* Rincón del Diablo. See Diablo.
* Rinconada Pass, Mexicans to retire to line of, 1. 259; Taylor's force at, aspect, 265; Wool's march and Mexican abandonment, 508.
* Ringgold, Samuel, in advance to Rio Grande, 1. 146, 147; at Palo Alto, mortally wounded, 164, 167, 465, 466; field battery, 450, 451; and artillery arm, 451.
* Río, Señor del, and peace negotiations, 2. 236.
* Río Frio, American post, 2. 432.
* Rio Grande campaign, river as boundary of Texas, 1. 138: Taylor's force as guard, 142; crossing by Mexicans as invasion, 144, 453; Taylor's advance to, 145-8, 454; retaliatory orders, 148-9, 455; Mexicans cross and attack, 149, 455; de facto war, Taylor calls for more troops, 150, 205, 458, 480; justification of advance to, 151-4, 456-61; advance not cause of war, 154-5, 185, 457, 471, 2. 276-7; Mexican force, 1. 158, 462; Matamoros fortifications, 158; condition and position of American force, Mexican opinion, 158-60, 462, 463; map of Matamoros and American position, 159; minor mishaps, 160; Mexican propaganda, 160; Mexican impatience for combat, 161, 463; Taylor and line of communication, 161, 464; Mexican advance on line, 162, 464; Taylor's march to Point Isabel, 163; return march, train, 163; size of American force, 163; its morale, 164; battle of Palo Alto, 164-9, 465; attack on Fort Brown, 164, 176, 467-9; pursuit of Mexicans, 169, 466; battle of Resaca de la Palma, 170-6, 467; Taylor's inaction, permits Mexicans to retire from Matamoros, 176-8, 469; Americans cross and occupy town, 178; results of campaign, Taylor's conduct, 178-80, 469, 470; effect on Mexicans, 179 213; original American force, 2. 511.
* Ripalda, Father, catechism, 1. 13.
* Ripley, R. S., value of his history, 1. 404; on Scott and Taylor, 490; on Wool's march, 510; on Scott's preparations, 539, 544; at Cerro Gordo, 2. 53, 58; on Cerro Gordo, 348, 353, 354; on Scott's delay at Puebla, 361; on choice of routes, 373; on Contreras, 380; on Churubusco, 383; on Scott and Trist, 392; on armistice, 398, 399; on Molino del Rey, 403; on Scott's failure to prepare, 404; on plan to attack city, 405; on Chapultepec, 409; on Belén garita, 412; on San Cosme garita, 413; on Scott's failure to occupy country, 433; on excesses in Mexico City, 460; on peace negotiations, 467. ​
* Ritchie, Thomas, on southern opposition to the war, 1. 189; on attitude of Whigs, 2. 276, 279. See also Richmond Enquirer.
* River and harbor bill, Folk's veto, 2. 271, 281.
* Rives, W. C., plan to stop the war, 2. 290.
* Roa Bárcena, J. M., on Mexican desire for war, 1. 116; value of his history, 404; on Texan boundary, 449; on American and Mexican armies, 469; on Taylor and Scott as conquerors, 2. 324, 511.
* Roads, Mexican, 1. 16.
* Roberts, B. S., on charge at Cerro Gordo, 2. 54; at Contreras, 104; at Chapultepec, 158, 410; hoists flag in Mexico City, 164.
* Roberts, W. B., at Cerro Gordo, 2. 56, 57.
* Robertson, J. B., on mistakes at Monterey, 1. 503.
* Robinson, J. A., American consul at Guaymas, reports cited passim.
* Robles, Manuel, and defences of Vera Cruz, 2. 19, 334; at Cerro Gordo, 42, 43, 45, 348.
* Rockwell, J. A., on Walker, 2. 480.
* Rogers, R. C., captured, 2. 444.
* Roland, J. F., company of light artillery, 2. 366.
* Roman Catholic church in Mexico, religious qualities, 1. 4, 7, 14, 22, 26; authority and character, wealth, 6-7, 408; and education, 14; Farías' attempted reforms, 45-6; and Seven Laws, 47; and Santa Anna's dictatorship, 52; fears American influence, 103; and war funds, 213-4, 223, 2. 254, 346, 347, 477; Santa Anna declares against ecclesiastical domination (1846), 1. 219; and war demands on its property, law of Jan. 11, 2. 8-11, 329; Beach's intrigue and revolt, 11-4, 330-2, 334; and Santa Anna after revolt, 15, 65, 85, 332; arrangement with Scott, 65-7, 331, 357-8; and peace, 125; incitation of religious fervor against Americans, 142, 346; American attitude toward, 211, 221, 324, 458, 459; in treaty of peace, 248, 468. See also Government; Oligarchy.
* Romero, Manuel, at Monterey, 1. 243, 494; and Taylor's march to Victoria, 542.
* Rosa, Luis de la, opposes peace negotiations (1847), 2. 136; as Peña's minister, 181, 428; at exchange of ratifications, appearance, 251; and reopening of peace negotiations, 463; minister at Washington, 475.
* Rosita, Mexican privateer, 2. 192, 193.
* Rothschilds, and American funds in Mexico, 2. 266, 488; and war borrowings, 481.
* Rowan, John, claims commissioner, 1. 430.
* Rowe, T. F., at siege of Puebla, 2. 424.
* Royce, Josiah, on justice of acquiring California, 2. 322.
* Ruiz de Apodaca. See Apodaca.
* S
* Sabine River, as boundary, 1. 63. Sacramento, Cal., and Sutter's trading post, 1. 318.
* Sacramento River, battle of, Mexican force, 1. 306, 519; topography, Mexican defences, 306-8, 520; map, 307; Doniphan's formation, 308; his crossing of Arroyo Seco and gaining of plateau, 309; repulse of Mexican cavalry, 310; artillery duel, 310; capture of forts, 311-2, 520; losses, 312.
* St. Louis, enlistments, 1. 195; and Santa Fe trail trade, 286.
* St. Louis Missouri Reporter, attacks policy of forbearance, 1. 121; demand for war, 443.
* St. Louis Republican, on rejection of Slidell, 1. 120; on war spirit, 132.
* St. Louis Reveille, on war spirit, 1. 126.
* St. Mary's, in occupation of Tampico, 1. 279, 2. 197; off Vera Cruz, 1. 486; in Home Squadron, 2. 197, 442.
* Salas, J. M., revolt in favor of Santa Anna, 1. 217, 222, 485, 488; on Santa Anna at San Luis Potosi, 379; and Faras and Santa Anna, 2. 1, 4; and Polkos, 3; supports Moderados, 4; and rising against Farias, 13; captured at Contreras, 110, 378; and peace negotiations, 122; and guerilla warfare, 169; command in Army of the North, 369. ​
* Saldaña, General, captured at Chapultepec, 2. 411.
* Saltillo, road from Monterey, Worth's movement on it, 1. 239-44, 497; Taylor's advance and occupation of town, 264-6; Wool's expedition diverted to, 275, 358; Doniphan joins Wool, 313, 521; Santa Anna's plan against (Dec.), 357, 541; and battle of Buena Vista, 383, 395, 555, 556, 559; Valencia's plans against, 2. 165; under American rule, 213, 452; Wool's later force, 417; Hamtramck commands, 418.
* San Agustín (Tlálpam), Scott's advance to, 2. 96-8, 374, 381.
* San Angel, Patterson's division at, 2. 461.
* San Antonio, Mex., fortification, 2. 98; American reconnaissance and advance, 102-3; capture, 112, 382.
* San Antonio, Texas, danger of Mexican attack (1846), 1. 153; gathering of Wool's force, 267; aspect, 268.
* San Antonio (Abad) garita, 2. 147.
* San Bias, as port, 1. 3; blockade, 2. 206, 207, 448; not occupied, 207, 448.
* San Blas battalion, at Chapultepec, 2. 410.
* San Cosme garita, 2. 147; capture, 161-2, 413-4, 416.
* San Diego, Cal., in the conquest, 1. 336, 340, 534.
* San Fernando de Presas, 1. 259, 502.
* San Fernando de Rosas, Wool at, aspect, 1. 272.
* San Francisco, Cal., importance of port, effort to acquire, 1. 95, 323-4, 436.
* San Gerónimo village, in battle of Contreras, 2. 104, 105, 107, 379, 380.
* San Isidro, Harney at, 2. 94.
* San Jacinto, battle of, 1. 47.
* San José, Lower Cal., occupied, counter-attacks, 2. 208, 448, 449.
* San Juan, American post, 2. 432.
* San Juan Bautista, Perry's attacks, 2. 199, 204-5, 443, 445.
* San Juan de Ulúa, fortress, captured by French, 1. 4.9; position and strength, 349, 536, 2. 19, 21, 333; plan, 21; and the siege, 33; surrender, occupation, 36, 340; plan for naval attack, 201, 444. See also Vera Cruz expedition.
* San Lucas, occupied, 2. 208,
* San Luis Potosí, situation, 1. 3; Santa Anna at, 375-80; his march against Taylor, 380; Scott's intention to occupy, 2. 184, 432; war-party insurrection, 240, 466.
* San Luis Potosí battalion, at Monterey, 1. 494.
* San Luis Potosí cavalry, at Monterey, 1. 494.
* San Luis Potosí state, in discussion on peace, 2. 464.
* San Pascual, Cal., battle, 1. 341-2; map, 341.
* San Patricio, Texas, Taylor's intended movement, 1. 452.
* San Patricio corps of Irish deserters, at Buena Vista, 1. 391, 393, 395; origin, 494, 550; at Churubusco, 2. 111, 117, 385; fate, 385.
* Sanders, John, and artillery in Monterey campaign, 1. 228; in battle of Monterey, 246.
* Sands, J. R., at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. 338.
* Santa Anna, Antonio Lopez de, and education, 1. 14; first appearance, 31; in Itúrbide's revolt, 33; revolt against Itúrbide, 35; and overthrow of Pedraza (1828), 40, 41; and Spanish invasion, 41; appearance and character, 42, 54, 220, 414, 415, 487, 2. 312-3, 510; in retirement, 1. 44, 45, 47, 48, 52; restores Pedraza (1832), 44-5; elected President (1832), 45; dictator with reactionary support, 46, 415; plans, effect of Texan revolt, 47; loses leg in attack on French, hero, 49; undermines Bustamante, 49-50; and Paredes revolt, 50; seizes power (1841), dictatorship, 51-2; constitutional President, 53; overthrow, banished, 53-4; and United States and Texas, 63, 66, .45 6, 433; plans against Texas (1842-3), 67, 70; closes New Mexican trade, 72; and claims, 78; hatred of United States, 103; boasts power of army, 106; invites a blockade, 110; incites fears of Spanish America, 111; on desire for war, 116; "butcher," 117; Folk's negotiations (1846), 201-3, 471, 478-9, 2. 491, 493; combination against Paredes, 1. 215-7, 485; Alvarez' revolt in favor of, 216; return, 218, 486; manifesto, 219; position and caution, 219-22, 487; policy and command of army only, 222-4; reception at the capital, 222, 488; sets out for front, 223; and Monterey campaign, 230, 234, 494, 503; and termination of Monterey armistice, 264; and Tampico, 278, 511; potential army, 283, 513; policy toward northern frontier, 305; and Doniphan's march, 306; and California, 319; plan to attack during Taylor's Victoria march, 357; programme of one victory, 374-5; at San Luis Potosí, incites patriotism, 375; attitude of states toward, 376, 550; and National Guard and officers, 376; financial worries and operations, 377, 2. 254-5, 477; character of his northern army, 1. 377, 379, 550; rumors of his intended treachery and dictatorship, 378, 379, 551; inaction condemned, 379; plan to attack Taylor's weak and isolated force, 379, 543, 552; march, force, 380-2, 552-4; discovered by Americans, their flight to Buena Vista, 382-3, 554; battle of Buena Vista, 384-97; retires to preserve organized army, 397-8, 562; retreat to San Luis Potosí, 398; credited with victory, 399; robs treasury (1844), 432; and Texan boundary, 449; and Salas and Farías, 2. 1; and Puros, 2-5; and shelving of Farías, 4, 327; and election (1846), 5; and Church property, 9-12, 65, 329, 331; and clerical revolt, supersedes Farías, 134, 331; political position as Executive (1847), 14-5, 332; and defence of Vera Cruz, 20, 334; on surrender of Vera Cruz, 33, 341, 342; preparations against Scott below Perote, 40-2, 346; defences and force at Cerro Gordo, 42-5, 347, 348; battle of Cerro Gordo, 48-59, 352; flight, 55; in retreat, 67, 358; preparations at Orizaba, funds, 67, 359; political influences on movements, at Puebla, 68-9, 360; Amozoc affair, evacuates Puebla, 70, 360; loss of prestige after Cerro Gordo, 80, 367; as target for discontent, 82; return to capital with army, breach of faith, 82-3, 368; resumes executive power, opposition, 83-5; defied by states, 86-7; collection of matériel, 87; organization of army, its character and officers, 87-9, 369; plan of operation against Scott's advance, 89-90, 370; defences, 90; power and enthusiasm. for, on start of final campaign, 91-2; and Scott's march to San Agustin, 97-8, 374; confidence in, again lost, 98; southern line, 99-101, 374; and Valencia's occupation of Contreras field, 102, 375; and battle of Contreras, 105, 106, 110, 379, 380; preparations at Churubusco, 110-1, 382; battle of Churubusco, 112-9, 382-5; attitude toward peace on his return (1846), 122, 124, 386; and Trist mission, 130-2; peace move after Churubusco, 133; armistice, 133, 137-8, 394-6; activity during it, combination against him, 134, 136, 398; peace negotiations during armistice, 135-8, 396-400; preparations at Molino del Rey, 142; and the battle there, 144, 402, 404; preparations against attack on city, 152; and Chapultepec, 153-5, 410; at Belen garita, 159, 160, 413; at San Cosme garita, 161, 162; evacuates the city, 163, 415; and uprising in city, 167, 168, 420; and guerilla warfare, 169; siege of Puebla, 174-6; battle of Huamantla, 176-8, 425, 426; eliminated, 179-81,427, 428; yields command, 181, 429; voluntary exile, 181, 242, 429; and salary, 327; capture of his wooden leg, 354; Scott's proclamation on, 357; and British offer of mediation, 368; almost captured, 427. See also Mexico expedition. ​
* Santa Barbara, Cal., Pico's convention, 1. 329, 527; occupied by Stockton, 337; Fremont at, 345; captured by insurgents, 534.
* Santa Cruz de Rosales, capture, 2. 166.
* Santa Fe, Mex., powder-mill, 1. 462, 2. 87.
* Santa Fe, N. Mex., Texan expedition, 1. 72, 118; occupied by Kearny, 296; aspect, 296; troops remaining at, 298; population, 517; condition of force at, 518. See also next title, and New Mexico.
* Santa Fe trail, development and importance, 1. 72, 284, 286, 514; Kearny's expedition on, 288-9, 515.
* Santa Rosa, Wool at, 1. 272.
* Santa Rosa Pass, skirmish, 1. 541. Santangelo, O. G. D. de A., claim, 1. 427; on outrages, 448.
* Santiago, Fort, at Vera Cruz, 2. 19. Saratoga, in Pacific squadron, 2. 189; yellow fever, 195; in Home Squadron, 446. ​
* Saunders, J. L., attack at Tampico, 2. 197, 441.
* Saunders, R. M., American minister at Madrid, and Spanish mediation, 2. 503. Savannah, at Monterey, 1. 335; and Frémont, 345, 536; in Pacific squadron, 2. 189, 447.
* Schatzel, I. P., American consul at Matamoros, 1. 455.
* School of Mines, Mexican, 1. 14.
* Scenery, Mexican. See Physical aspect.
* Scorpion, in Home Squadron, 2. 446. Scott, H. L., at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. 335; of Scott's staff, 366.
* Scott, Martin, at Monterey, 1. 245, 498.
* Scott, Winfield, political ambition and the war, 1. 130, 2. 284, 390, 391; relations with Polk, 1. 130, 354, 2. 75, 188, 436, 511; and Taylor and Bliss, 1. 141; and TwiggsWorth controversy, 144; and advance to Rio Grande, 152-4; and command in the field, 196, 198; character, 197, 545, 2. 248, 316-8; war policy and clash with administration, relegated, 1. 198-200, 476-8; and Taylor's intelligence system, 227; on Monterey, 261, 505, 506; and Taylor, 262, 352, 353, 363, 368, 544; and defensive-line policy, 283; and war programme, 350, 351; selected to command Vera Cruz expedition, 351-4; and earlier rebuff, 353, 539; and Harney, 364-5, 545, 546; attitude toward Pillow, 367, 2. 186, 378; character of reports, 1. 404, 2. 59, 354; and flintlocks, 1. 450; on Folk's alarm at outbreak, 476; and Taylor's advance from the Rio Grande, 490; and Doniphan's expedition, 517; and Taylor's insubordinate advance, 547; on Twiggs, 2. 48 ;.attitude of troops, 49; at Cerro Gordo, 56; at Contreras, 105, 106, 378, 379; at Churubusco, 111, 118, 119, 383; halt after Churubusco, on it, 121, 386; quarrel with Trist, 128, 389; reconciliation and harmony, 130, 392, 397; and douceur, 131, 132, 390, 391; and Mexican attitude toward Trist, 132, 133, 390, 393; peace move after Churubusco, 133; armistice then, 133, 137, 138, 394-6, 398-9; and Molino del Rey, 143, 147, 401, 402; decides to attack Chapultepec, 149, 408; misgivings on it, 154; at the battle, 158; and advance after Chapultepec, 161, 412, 414-6; in Mexico City, 164, 415-6; cabal against, 185-8, 434-8; and Worth, 186, 361; removed, 188, 438; orders for military government, 455-7; and Catholic church, 221; discipline in Mexico City, 226, 459-60; and local government there, 229; on conduct of his army, 231; pessimism on war outlook, 235; and recall of Trist, 238, 465; and peace negotiations and de facto truce, 240, 242, 467; promise to protect peace government, 240; and armistice after signing of peace, 242, 471; magnanimity, 248, 317; and tariff for Mexican ports, 262; and levies on Mexicans, 265, 486-7; political effect of Folk's attitude, 272; political effect of actions, 278; and foreign interests, 303; achievement, 316-8; invited to be dictator, 323; on plan at Cerro Gordo, 350; rebuke of Worth at Puebla, 361; and Semmes's mission, 389; suspected Rejón intrigue, 390; Scott not acting in politics, 390; proposal-to facilitate peace by halting before Mexico, 393; at southern front, 408; and Peña government, 428; plea for adequate forces, 510; contrasts regulars and volunteers, 512. See also Mexico expedition; Vera Cruz expedition.
* Scourge, in attack on Tuxpán, 2. 203, 444; at Alvarado, 344; in Home Squadron, 446.
* Scouting. See Intelligence.
* Scurvy, in navy, 2. 194.
* Sea, at Tampico, 1. 281.
* Secession, and Texan annexation, 2. 272. See also Coalition.
* Second Artillery, in Scott's army, 2. 77; at siege of Vera Cruz, 343; at Churubusco, 384; in Lane's march to Puebla, 426; garrison at Puebla, 433.
* Second Dragoons, at Fort Jesup, 1. 140; go to Texas, 142-3; advance to Saltillo, 264; at Buena Vista, 388, 555; in Monterey campaign, 492, 496; at the battle, 497; in Wool's march, 509; in Harney's brigade, 541; in Scott's army, 2. 77; at siege of Vera Cruz, 343; at Churubusco, 384; in Taylor's later force, 417.
* Second Infantry, in Victoria march, 1. 357; in Harney's brigade, 541; at Cerro Gordo, 2. 53; in Scott's army, 77; at Churubusco, 114, 382; at siege of Vera Cruz, 343. ​
* Second Ligero, at Resaca de la Palma, 1. 173, 174; at Monterey, 494; at Cerro Gordo, 2. 52, 347.
* Sedgwick, John, on Reynosa, 1. 212; on Scott and Pillow, 2. 439.
* Seiffart, ——, Prussian minister at Mexico, and peace negotiations, 2. 397.
* Semmes, Raphael, at San Cosme garita, 2. 162; wrecked, 194; on Worth at Puebla, 360; bias of account, 373; on Churubusco, 383; and Scott, 389; on Molino del Rey, 402, 403.
* Senate, treaty of peace in, 2. 246-8, 472-3. See also Congress, American.
* Senobio, M., and siege of Vera Cruz, 2. 31; in preparations below Perote, 40, 41; guerilla, 421.
* Sentmanat, Francisco, executed, 1. 117, 241.
* Serfdom in Mexico, 1. 5.
* Seven Laws, 1. 47; failure, 50.
* Seventh Infantry, in Texas, 1. 143; Mexican propaganda in, 161; at Fort Brown, 163; march to Camargo, 209; at Monterey, 245, 247, 492, 493, 501; left there, 508; in Smith's brigade, 541; at Cerro Gordo, 2. 51, 54, 55, 352; in Scott's army, 77; at Churubusco, 114, 382; at siege of Vera Cruz, 343.
* Seventh Line Infantry, Mexican, at Sacramento, 1. 307; at Monterey, 494.
* Severance, Luther, encourages enemy, 2. 280; position in House, 496.
* Sevier, A. H., on Polk and peace, 2. 245; ratification commissioner, 249, 251, 474.
* Seward, W. H., on expansion, 1. 444. Seymour, Sir George, and California, 1. 334, 336, 531.
* Seymour, T. H., at Chapultepec, 2. 410.
* Shannon, Wilson, American minister at Mexico, and annexation of Texas, 1. 86, 87. Shark, in Pacific squadron, 2. 189.
* Shaw, T. D., at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. 338.
* Shawnee Indians, in Kearny's expedition, 1. 288.
* Sherman, T. W., at Buena Vista, 1. 390, 392, 395, 555; in Smith's brigade, 541; light artillery, 2. 366.
* Sherman, W. T., on California and independence, 1. 321; on treaty of peace, 2. 246.
* Shields, James, on enlistment, 1. 195; in Wool's march, 271, 509; at Tampico, as governor, 282, 2. 229, 418, 461; Taylor on, 1. 352; in Vera Cruz expedition, 368, 2. 27; at Brazos, 1. 476; career, 509; before Cerro Gordo, 2. 49; in the battle, 52, 53, 55; wounded, 55, 352; brigade in Scott's army, 78; at Contreras, 105, 107, 108, 110, 379, 380; at Churubusco, 115-7, 384; force after that battle, 120; wounded at Chapultepec, 157; discipline, 215; and douceur, 391: and plan to attack Mexico City, 408; retained in service, 432; leaves Mexico, 438; not West Pointer, 513.
* Shiver, Captain, in Monterey campaign, 1. 492, 496.
* Shover, W. H., at Saltillo, 1. 556, 559.
* Shubrick, W. B., commands Pacific squadron, blockade order, 2. 206, 446; operations, 206-8, 447-9; and occupied territory, 208.
* Siglo XIX, on Herrera's rule, 1. 56; on Americans, 103; on corruption, 417; on Paredes revolt, 438; on Church property and war funds, 2. 8.
* Silva, Mariano, and surrender of Monterey, Cal., 1. 334.
* Simmons, S. G., in Lane's march to Puebla, 2. 426.
* Simms, W. G., and absorption of Mexico, 2. 243; on Vera Cruz expedition, 336.
* Simpson, Sir George, on California, 1. 321.
* Sinaloa state, and secession, 2. 86.
* Sitgreaves, Lorenzo, reconnaissance in Wool's march, 1. 271.
* Six-months men, Gaines's requisition and service, 1. 196, 205, 452, 476, 2. 272, 511.
* Sixteenth Infantry, in Taylor's later force, 2. 417, 418.
* Sixth Infantry, in Wool's march, 1. 509; in Scott's army, 2. 77; at Churubusco, 112, 115, 116, 384; at siege of Vera Cruz, 343; at Molino del Rey, 402; at Belén garita, 412.
* Sixth Line Infantry, Mexican, at Monterey, 1. 494; at Cerro Gordo, 2. 44, 54, 347.
* Size of Mexico, 1.1.
* Slavery, Mexico counts on help of American slaves, 1. 107; European warning against expansion, 114; interests and attitude toward Mexico, 123; extension not cause of war, 187-9, 473; and war annexations, 2. 274, 289, 492, 502; politics of Wilmot Proviso, 286-7; and stopping of the war, 500. ​
* Slidell, John, Mexican mission and rejection, 1. 91, 95-8, 100-1, 127, 145, 326, 436-9, 447, 453, 460; on Oregon and Mexican controversies, 114, 115; effect of rejection on American opinion, 120; on failure of mission, 133, 135, 181; and advance to Rio Grande, 152; report on Santa Anna's attitude, 201; and Patterson, 351; and peace negotiations, 2. 126, 387; and Conner, 202; House demand for instructions, 500.
* Sloat, J. D., pacific instructions to (1845), 1. 131, 447; instructions on California, 326, 526, 530; hesitation, final occupation of Monterey, 333-5, 530-1; gives place to Stockton, 336; squadron, 2. 189.
* Smith, A. J., and Mormon battalion, 1. 290.
* Smith, Ashbel, on Polk and war, 1. 446.
* Smith, C. F., at Resaca de la Palma, 1. 172; at Monterey, 242, 244, 498 in march to San Agustin, 2. 98; at Churubusco, 112, 115, 116, 384; battalion at Molino del Rey, 144, 145, 403; and at Chapultepec, 161.
* Smith, D. W., American consul at Matamoros, reports cited passim.
* Smith, Ephraim Kirby, mortally wounded at Molino del Rey, 2. 403.
* Smith, G. W., and Cerro Gordo, 2. 349; with Scott, 366.
* Smith, Isaac, on mistakes at Monterey, 1. 503.
* Smith, J. L., engineer company with Scott, 2. 349, 356, 366; and plan of attack on Mexico City, 408.
* Smith, J. M., at Churubusco, 2. 117.
* Smith, M. L., reconnoitres Old Peñón, 2. 369.
* Smith, P. F., brigade in march to Monterey, 1. 229, 492, 496; in the battle, 245, 498; commands at Monterey, 508; brigade, 541; and Cerro Gordo, 2. 52; brigade in Scott's army, 77; at Contreras, 104-10, 376, 379; at Churubusco, 114; at Chapultepec, 156, 158, 408, 410; in Mexico City, 163; as governor there, 226; armistice negotiations, 242, 394; and evacuation, 252, 475; on engineers, 320; court of inquiry on Worth, 361; credit for Contreras, 376; career and character, 377; not at conference on attack on capital, 408; not West Pointer, 513.
* Smith, Sidney, and American repudiation, 2. 256.
* Smith, William, on the war, 2. 499.
* Smuggling, Mexican, 1. 17, 410.
* Social conditions, in Mexico, idleness, 1. 15, 22; in country, 18; in villages and towns, 19-21; at the capital, 21-8; character of ruling class, 25-7; general conclusions, 28, 410; Mexican statement on character, 411. See also Character; Population; Roman Catholic church.
* Society, Mexican, conditions, 1. 25; intercourse in occupied territory, 2. 230-1, 461-2.
* Soldado, Fort, at Monterey, 1. 241; capture, 245, 498.
* Somers, wrecked, 2. 194; in Home Squadron, 197, 442.
* Sotepingo, captured, 2. 113.
* Soto, Juan, and defending of Vera Cruz, 2. 22, 31, 341; and preparations below Perote, 41; and Santa Anna at Orizaba, 68.
* South Carolina troops, call, 1. 537; in Taylor's later command, 2. 417. See also Palmetto.
* Southampton, in Pacific squadron, 2. 447.
* Southern Quarterly Review, on Worth, 2. 360.
* Spain, colonial policy, 1. 29-30; and Mexican-American relations (1846), 100; and monarchy for Mexico, 448, 485, 486; and Mexican privateering, 2. 193; attitude, 297, 298; and blockade, 440, 449; and mediation, 503. See also Bermúdez de Castro; Lozano.
* Spanish, as class in Mexico, 1. 3; merchants, 17. See also Gachupines.
* Spanish America, and expected Mexican-American war, 1. 111; and the actual war, 2. 298.
* Spanish language, key of pronunciation, 1. xxi.
* Spectator, on misrule in Mexico, 2. 509.
* Speight, Jesse, position in Senate, 2. 496.
* Spitfire, in occupation of Tampico, 1. 279, 281; in attack on Tuxpán, 2, 203, 444; at siege of Vera Cruz, 338; in Home Squadron, 446.
* Spooner, ——, Mexican Spy Company, 2. 362.
* Springfield Illinois State Register, on war and expansion, 1. 444. ​
* Staff, Scott's, 2. 366.
* Staniford, Thomas, brigade in Monterey campaign, 1. 492.
* States, Mexican. See Federalism. Stauffer, Mrs. W. R., acknowledgment to. 1. 451; on Bliss, 451.
* Stearns, A. J., as trader in California, 1. 318; and American occupation, 337.
* Stephens, A. H., on the war, 1. 183.
* Steptoe, E. J., battery in Scott's army, 2. 77; during Chapultepec, 152, 409; in Mexico City, 163; at Cerro Gordo, 348; at Belén garita, 415.
* Sterett, J. S., at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. 338.;
* Stevens, I. I., on mistakes at Monterey, 1. 502; at Churubusco, 2. 113, 383; on Cerro Gordo, 350, 353; engineer with Scott, 366; reconnoitres Old Peñon, 369; on Molino del Rey, 402; reconnoitres southern approach to capital, 408; and plan of attack on capital, 408.
* Stevenson, J. D., in California, 2. 219.
* Stewart, Andrew, on Walker, 2. 480.
* Stockton, R. F., pacific instructions to (1845), 1. 131; command in California, character, 336, 532; and Frémont, address, 336, 532; first southern campaign, 336-7, 532; rule, 337-8; plan against Mexico, 338; second southern campaign, 339-44, 534-5; sends aid to Kearny, 341; and Frémont's capitulation, 346; and blockade, 2. 205; relinquishes rule, 217.
* Stone, C. P., ordnance officer with Scott, 2. 366.
* Storms, Mrs., in Mexico, 2. 11; and Scott, 39; and absorption of Mexico, 243.
* Storrs, Augustus, claim, 1. 425.
* Stromboli, in Home Squadron, 2. 446. Sub-treasury plan restored, 2. 257, 479. Sumner, Charles, on cause of war, 1. 189; attitude, 274; demands recall of troops, 290.
* Sumner, E. V., and Harney, 1. 365; at Cerro Gordo, disabled, 2. 52, 350; in Scott's army, 77; at Molino del Rey, 144, 146, 403; during and after Chapultepec, 161, 408, 410, 414.
* Supplies. See Transportation.
* Supreme Court, on title by conquest, 2. 241, 468.
* Surnames, Spanish, 1. 44 n.
* Sutter, J. A., trading post, 1. 318, 522.
* Swift, A. J., and engineer corps, 1. 451.
* T
* Tabasco River, Perry's expeditions, 2. 199-200, 204-5, 443, 445; map, 205.
* Tacitus, on a Roman general, 2. 313. Tacubaya, Americans at, 2. 134; aspect, 138.
* Tacubaya, Bases of, 1. 51.
* Talbot, Theodore, escape from Santa Barbara, 1. 534.
* Talcott, G. H., battery in Scott's army, 2. 77; at Cerro Gordo, 348.
* Talcott, George, ordnance bureau, 1. 474.
* Tamaulipas cavalry, at Monterey, 1. 494.
* Tamaulipas state, plan to occupy, 1. 263, 507; authorities and Urrea, 2. 166; attitude toward United States, 215; general occupation, 418; and American tariff, 484. See also Tampico; Victoria.
* Tampico, as port, 1. 2; situation, map, 276; defences, 277; reasons for occupation, 277, 511; Conner's attitude, 277; Mexicans evacuate, 2789, 510; American navy occupies, 279-81, 511-2; securing, 281-2, 512, 546; march of troops from Victoria to, 366, 546; assemblage for Vera Cruz expedition, 367, 546; plans for uprising, 2. 165; first naval attack, 197, 441; under American rule, 214-5, 229, 230, 452, 461; aspect, 214; garrison, 418; American tariff, 484.
* Tampico, at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. 338; in Home Squadron, 445.
* Tariff, Mexican protective, 1. 17; American, and the war, 105, 130, 186; of 1846, political effect, opposition, 2. 257, 273, 281, 286, 478-9; proposed, on tea and coffee, 261, 285, 482;-American, for Mexican ports, 261-3, 303, 484, 500, 505.
* Tattnall, Josiah, in occupation of Tampico, 1. 281, 512: in attack on Tuxpán, wounded, 2. 203; at siege of Vera Cruz, 338, 339.
* Taxation, Mexican, of mines, 1. 15; Mexican war, 2. 253; question of American war, 258, 480. See also Finances; Tariff.
* Taylor, Francis, field battery, 1. 450; in Scott's army, 2. 77; at Churubusco, 114; during Chapultepec, 152, 409; at Cerro Gordo, 348.
* Taylor, George, at Huamantla, 2. 425, 426.
* Taylor, William, American consul at Vera Cruz, reports cited passim. ​
* Taylor, Zachary, at Fort Jesup, 1. 140; career, 140; character and ability, 140-1, 352, 2. 315-6, 318; Bliss as adjutant, 1. 141, 451, 2. 318; takes force to Corpus Christi, 1. 141-3; its original size and first reinforcements, 142, 143, 454, 2. 511; condition of force, 143; and Worth-Twiggs rank controversy, 144; attitude of officers and men, 144, 362, 372, 374, 549; Rio Grande campaign [see this title]; neglects to acquire information, 145, 161, 208, 226, 249, 374, 451, 464, 476, 478, 549; fortifies the Mexicans, 158-61, 163, 177; hero after Rio Grande campaign, 179; Presidential ambition, personal effect, perverted judgments, 179, 208, 352, 363, 368, 538, 547, 2. 284; and volunteers, 1. 191, 474, 2. 212, 450; relations with Polk, mutual hostility, 1. 196, 263, 352-3, 507, 538, 544, 547; continued in command, 200, 478; feelings and problems at Matamoros, 204, 208, 481; volunteer reinforcements, their camps and morale, 205-8, 480, 481; Monterey campaign, [see this title]; results of campaign to, 261, 506; condition and size of force after it, 262, 506; fears displacement, 262; and Scott, 262, 352, 353, 363, 368, 544; and Patterson's orders for Tamaulipas, 263, 507; advance and occupation of Saltillo, 264-6; and Wool's march, 275, 276, 509, 510; entire force of department (Dec., 1846), 282, 355, 513, 537, 539; defensive-line policy, 282-3, 347, 2. 183; insubordinate letter to Gaines, 1. 347, 507; on war programme, 349, 536; instructed not to operate beyond Monterey, 350; and command of Vera Cruz expedition, 351-3, 539; and Scott's plans for expedition, 355-6, 363, 540, 543-4, 546, 552; sets out for Victoria, 357-60, 541-2; frustrates Scott's plan for conference, 356, 358, 541, 542; temporary return to Monterey expecting attack, 357; to Victoria, 362; returns to Monterey, 365, 368; insubordinate advance to Agua Nueva, 368, 373-4, 547; Buena Vista campaign [see this title]; belittles enemy, 374, 463; visits to Saltillo during battle, 383, 388, 555, 556; return to the field, 385, 391; personal part in battle, 393, 395; guerilla operations against, suppression of them, 399, 2. 169-71, 421, 422; effect of battle on Presidential chances, 1. 400; on capture of Tampico, 511, 512; force at time of Buena Vista battle, 548'; and further operations, 2. 165, 417; Valencia's plans against, 165, 419; leaves front, 166; ordered policy toward inhabitants, 210-1; failure to preserve discipline at Matamoros, 211, 450; and levies on Mexicans, 264; political effect of Polk's attitude, 272; and of own actions, 278, 493; candidacy as vindication of the war, 292; foreign criticism, 306-7, 507; achievement, 315-6. 318; later force, 417; not West Pointer, 513.
* Taylor, Fort. See Brown.
* Tea and coffee, proposed American impost, 2. 261, 285, 482.
* Tecolote, Kearny's expedition at, 1. 292.
* Tehuacán, and Santa Anna, 2. 429.
* Tehuantepec, in peace negotiations, 2. 466.
* Telégrafo, on Santa Anna as hero, 1. 485.
* Telégrafo hill at Cerro Gordo, fortifications, 2. 42, 44; attacks on, capture, 52-5, 350, 352, 354.
* Téllez, Rafael, and California expedition, 1. 523, 2. 447; at Mazatlan, 207, 447.
* Temascalitos. See Brazito.
* Temple, R. E., regiment in Taylor's force, 2. 417.
* Ten Regiment Bill, passage and amendment, 2. 74-5, 363-4.
* Tenería redoubt at Monterey, 1. 249250; capture, 251-3, 500; after capture, 255.
* Tennessee troops, enlistments, 1. 195; in Texas, 205; at Camargo, 211: in Victoria march, 357; in Monterey campaign, 492, 496; at Cerro Gordo, 2. 56, 57, 352, 353; at siege of Vera Cruz, 343; leave Scott, 356; further call, 431.
* Tenth Infantry in Taylor's force, 2. 417, 418.
* Tenth Line Infantry, Mexican, at Chapultepec, 2. 408.
* Terrés, A., at Belen garita, 2. 159, 160, 413; brigade, 369.
* Terrett, G. H., at Chapultepec, 2. 410.
* Tête de pont. See Bridgehead.
* Texas, effect of revolt on Santa Anna, 1. 47; conditional recognition by Mexico, 55; American efforts to purchase, 59, 62, 418, 419; United States and revolt, recognition and neutrality, 63, 66, 422-3, 432, 2. 311; neutrality and Gaines's expedition, 1. 64-6, 420-2; British designs, 67; Santa Anna's threatened invasions (1842-43), 67, 70, 121; Webster's protest (1842), 69; antislavery opposition and Mexican relations, 70; Santa Fe expedition, 72, 118; annexation justified, 82-3, 432, 2. 311, 322, 509; and European aid, 1. 82, 86; Mexico and expected annexation, 83-6; American offers of indirect payment to Mexico, 84-6, 88-9, 91, 95, 433-6; Mexican diplomatic rupture and war preparations on annexation, 87, 126, 132, 434; as expected theatre of war, 107, 110; Europe and annexation, 113, 2. 295, 303, 501, 502, 506; American resentment of Mexican outrages, 1. 117; protection and question of southern boundary, 138, 153, 457, 470; Taylor's force in, 142-3, 454; annexation as cause of the war, 189, 445-6, 448, 2. 276; and Jackson's message on claims, 1. 428; British and French recognition of republic, 432; in peace negotiations, 9, 135, 136, 238, 396, 398, 399, 463, 464, 469; effect of annexation on Folk's position, 272; justice of revolt, 311; and Kearny's occupation of New Mexico, 497. See also Rio Grande; Texas troops. ​
* Texas, Fort. See Brown.
* Texas troops, rangers, 1. 143, 236; calls, 150, 480, 537; in Monterey campaign, 237, 241-4, 256, 492, 496, 501; and Santa Anna's advance, 382, 554; at Buena Vista, 389, 556; retaliation for guerillas, 2. 169; conduct, 212, 450; in Taylor's later force, 417; in Lane's operations, 427. See also Hays; Henderson, J. P.
* Theatre, Mexican, 1. 24.
* Thiers, L. A., and United States, 2. 296.
* Third Artillery, in Twiggs's division, 1. 541; at Buena Vista, 555; in Scott's army, 2. 77; in California, 219; at siege of Vera Cruz, 343; in Taylor's later force, 417; at Huamantla, 425.
* Third Cavalry, Mexican, at Monterey, 1. 494.
* Third Dragoons, in Scott's army, 2. 77, 364, 432; origin, 363; in Taylor's later force, 417; in Lane's operations, 426, 427. See also Dragoons.
* Third Infantry, at Fort Jesup, 1. 140; goes to Texas, 141-2; at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma, 164, 167, 467; at Monterey, 250, 256, 492, 496, 502; in Harney's brigade, 541; at Cerro Gordo, 2. 54, 352; in Scott's army, 77; at Churubusco, 117; at siege of Vera Cruz, 343; at Chapultepec, 410.
* Third Ligero, at Monterey, 1. 494; at Cerro Gordo, 2. 347; at Chapultepec, 410.
* Third Line Infantry, Mexican, at Monterey, 1. 494; at Cerro Gordo, 2. 44, 347.
* Thirteenth Infantry, in Taylor's force, 2. 417.
* Thom, George, topographical engineer with Scott, 2. 366.
* Thomas, G. H., at Reynosa, 1. 204; at Buena Vista, 394.
* Thompson, G. L., special mission to Mexico, 1. 84, 85, 433.
* Thompson, G. W., on Democratic dissensions, 2. 282.
* Thompson, Waddy, minister at Mexico, and decree expelling Americans, 1. 73-4; and claims, 80, 426, 432; and Bocanegra's threat, 84; on Mexico and slavery, 188; opposes war, 189; encourages enemy, 2. 280.
* Thornton, Edward, of British legation at Mexico, and Trist mission, 2. 130, 131, 390; and peace, 133; and reopening of negotiations, 237-9, 463; and mediation, 506.
* Thornton, S. B., force captured, 1. 149, 455.
* Thucydides, on vigilance in campaign, 1. 371; on power and justice, 2. 323. Thurman, A. G., on Delano's inconsistency, 2. 277; position in House, 496.
* Tibbatts, J. W., regiment in Taylor's force, 2. 417.
* Tiempo, monarchist organ, 1. 214; on Americans, 484.
* Tilden, D. R., on regulars, 2. 320.
* Tlacotálpam, Hunter at, 2. 344.
* Tlálpam. See San Agustin.
* Tlaxcala, Americans at, 2. 427. Tobacco monopoly, mismanagement, 2. 328.
* Todos Santos, skirmish, 2. 449. Toluca, seat of Pena's government, 2. 180; occupied, 184, 433.
* Toluca, Valley of, Americans in, 2. 134; aspect, 180. ​
* Toluca battalion, at Chapultepec, 2. 408.
* Toombs, Robert, on Polk and war, 1. 130; opposes war, 189.
* Topaz, claim, 1. 424.
* Topo road at Monterey, Worth's advance, 1. 239, 241-4, 497.
* Topographical engineers with Scott, 2. 366.
* Topography of Mexico, 1. 1. See also Physical aspect.
* Tornel y Mendivil, J. M., appearance, 1. 25; character, 46; and Santa Anna's interests, 46, 49, 2. 83, 85; and Herrera, 1. 56; and Butler, 62; and expulsion of Americans, 73; and Paredes, 99; hatred of United States, 103; on Texas as theatre of war, 107; and hope in privateering, 109; and the war, 213, 484; and attack on Taylor, 456; and overthrow of Paredes, 485; opposes peace negotiations (1847), 2. 137; and clerical crusade against Americans, 142; and uprising in city, 167; and riot during armistice, 396; and Molino del Key, 404.
* Torrejón, A., attacks Thornton, 1. 149; force at Matamoros, 158; on Taylor's line of communication, 162; at Palo Alto, 165, 167, 168; at Resaca de la Palma, 171; at Buena Vista, 390, 557; brigade in Monterey campaign, 494; at Las Bocas, 553; at Contreras, 2. 107, 110, 378.
* Totten, J. G., chief engineer, 1. 475; at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. 335, 336.
* Tower, Z. B., at Cerro Gordo, 2. 50, 56, 349; reconnoitres San Antonio, 102; at Contreras, 107, 379; engineer with Scott, 366; reconnoitres southern approach of capital, 408; and plan of attack on capital, 408.
* Towns, aspect of Mexican, 1. 19-21.
* Towson, Nathan, paymaster general, 1. 475.
* Traconis, J. B., at San Juan Bautista, 2. 200.
* Trade. See Commerce.
* Traill, X. F., at Buena Vista, 1. 389.
* Transportation, in Mexico, 1. 16, 18; in Taylor's advance to Monterey, 209, 227, 482, 490, 491, 493; in Wool's march, 274; Taylor's and guerilla warfare, 399-400, 2. 16970; Scott's problem and guerillas, 38, 62, 77, 171, 344, 355, 365, 422, 423.
* Treasury. See Finances.
* Treasury notes, American war issues, 2. 258, 260, 479-82.
* Treaties and conventions, draft, of limits (1828), 1. 60, 418; of limits (1832), 61, 419; of amity and commerce, 61, 419; claims arbitration (1838, 1839), 79, 81, 431. See also Peace.
* Trias, Angel, as governor of Chihuahua, 1. 305-6; battle of Sacramento, 30613, 519, 520; at Resales, 2. 166, 419.
* Trigueros, Ignacio, conference with Santa Anna, 2. 368.
* Trist, N. P., on monks, 1. 408; and Texas boundary, 449; appointment as Folk's agent, character, 2. 127; preconceived attitude toward Scott, 127; papers, 128; misunderstanding and quarrel with Scott, 128-9, 389; British mediation with Mexicans, 129-30, 390; reconciliation and harmony with Scott, 130, 392, 397; and douceur, 131-2; negotiations during armistice, 135-6, 138, 396-400; on Pillow, 185; reopens negotiations, 235, 463; recall, 236, 464; ignores it, 237-8, 465, 467; boundary ultimatum, 238; meetings and treaty, 239-40, 466; criticism of Polk, Folk's hatred, 244; ignored in ratification commission, 248, 473; on Scott, 316, 317; Mexican commissioners on, 323; and plan of attack on Mexico City, 408; on volunteers, 513.
* Triton, blockader, 2. 448.
* Trollope, Frances E., jibes, 2. 294.
* Trousdale, William, at Chapultepec, 2. 154, 160, 410; regiment, 363.
* Truxtun, wrecked, 2. 202, 445; in Home Squadron, 442.
* Tucker, George, on Walker, 2. 480.
* Tula, force at, 1. 550, 553.
* Turnbull, William, topographical engineer with Scott, 2. 366.
* Tuxpán, naval capture, 2. 202-3, 444.
* Twelfth Infantry, in Scott's army 2. 78, 363, 422, 432; at Churubusco, 384; during Chapultepec, 408.
* Twiggs, D. E., in Texas, 1. 143; rank controversy, 144; advances to Rio Grande, 146; at Palo Alto, 164, 167; in Monterey campaign, 250, 404, 492, 496; division reorganized, 357, 541; to Tampico, 357, 365-6; at Lobos Islands, 368; landing at Vera Cruz, 2. 26; at siege, 27, 30, 343; march of division to Cerro Gordo, 39, 45-8, 345, 349; force and artillery, 45; appearance and character as general, 48; blunders into Cerro Gordo defences and retreats, 48, 349; question of assault, 49; in the battle, 50-3, 350, 352, 354; march to Puebla, 72; division in Scott's army, 77, 356; in advance from Puebla, 92, 94, 97, 371; at Contreras, 103, 109, 380; at Churubusco, 113, 383, 385; force after the battle, 120; during armistice, 134; advance after armistice, 142, 401; and plan of attack on Mexico City, 149, 408; feint during Chapultepec, 152, 153, 409; court of inquiry on Worth, 361; on credit for Contreras, 376; governor of Vera Cruz, 457; and peace negotiations, 464. ​
* Twiggs, Levi, at Chapultepec, killed, 2. 156, 157; commands Marines with Scott, 366.
* Tyler, John, expects war with Mexico (1842), 1. 69; and California, 324.
* U
* Ugarte, M., and Kearny's march, 1. 289, 294, 297.
* Ulúa. See San Juan de Ulúa.
* Unico, Mexican privateer, 2. 191, 193.
* Unión battalion, at Chapultepec, 2. 408.
* United States, at Monterey, 1. 423.
* University, Mexican, 1. 14. j Vazquez, J. M., guerilla, 2. 421.
* Upham, William, and war bill, 1. 183.! Vega, R. D. de la. See La Vega.
* Upper class. See Aristocracy.
* Upshur, A. P., and Mexican-Texan relations, 1. 70; protest against trade restrictions, 73; and annexation of Texas, 84.
* Upton, Emory, on inadequacy of Mexico expedition, 2. 510.
* Uraga, J. López, at Palo Alto, 1. 165; at Resaca de la Palma, 173, 174; at Monterey, 233, 494; at Cerro Gordo, 2. 53.
* Urrea, José, forays, 1. 400, 562; at Tula, 550; at Buena Vista, 553; and plans against Taylor, 2. 165; removed, 166; guerilla, 169.
* V
* Valencia, G., revolt, 1. 50; plots against Santa Anna, 52; and Paredes, 99; and Santa Anna (1846), 377, 550; and Taylor's march to Victoria, 542; at Tula, 550; hostility to Santa Anna (1847), 2. 82, 83; sent north, 84; brings northern army to capital, 88; character, 88, 375; in plan against Scott's advance, 90, 96; fails, 95; ordered to southern front, 98; size of force, 101, 375; appearance, 101; occupation of Contreras field, 101, 102, 104, 375; battle, 104-10, 377-80; escapes, 110, 380; and Trist mission, 131, 132; in a combination against Santa Anna, 134, 136; in Scott's rear, 148; plans for movement against Taylor, 165, 419; subordinates, 369; captured, 429.
* Vallejo, M. G., leader in California, 1. 319; American partisan, 328; captured, 332.
* Valverde, Doniphan at, 1. 298-9.
* Van Buren, Martin, and claims on Mexico, 1. 78-9, 429; on cause of war, 189; and California, 324; followers and Polk, 2. 270, 281; followers and Wilmot Proviso, 286.
* Vandalia, at California, 1. 339.
* Vanderlinden, Pedro, at Buena Vista, 1.385.
* Vattel, Emerich de, on self-preservation, 1. 136; on justification of war, 155; on enemy goods, 2. 261.
* Vázquez, Ciriaco, at Cerro Gordo, 2. 52, 53; killed, 54, 352.
* Vázquez, F. P., bishop of Puebla, on law of Jan. 11, 2. 329; and battle of Cerro Gordo, 347; complaint on American desecration, 459.
* Vázquez, J. A., at Tula, 1. 550.
* Vázquez, J. M., guerilla, 2. 421.
* Vega R. D. de la. See La Vega.
* Vegas. See Las Vegas.
* Velázquez de León, Joaqui. See León.
* Venado, force at, 1. 553.
* Vera Cruz, as port, 1. 2; aspect, life, 2. 18, 35, 221-2. See also next title.
* Vera Cruz expedition, considered, risk, defences of city, 1. 349-50, 536, 2. 18-20, 333; adoption of project, 1. 350-1; new troops to be raised, 351, 537; question of commander, 351-4; Scott's plan and preparations, 354, 539-41; and yellow fever, 354, 2. 22, 23, 37, 59, 336, 339, 342, 344; responsibility thrown on Scott, 1. 355, 540; troops from Taylor's command, his resentment, 356, 362-3, 365, 540, 543, 544, 546, 552; Scott at Brazos Island, 356; Taylor frustrates Scott's plan for conference, 356, 358, 541, 542; difficulties of assemblage at Brazos, 363-5, 544; march from Victoria to Tampico, 365-6, 546; assemblage at Tampico, Scott there, 367, 546; rendezvous at Lobos Islands, 367, 2. 17; sailing to Anton Lizardo, 17-8, 332; policy and preparations for defence, garrison, 20-22, 334 and Polko revolt, 20, 331, 334 problem and solution of attack 22-3, 335-6; landing of American force, 23-7, 336; general map of siege, 24; investment, 27; Scott's warning to city, 27, 337; establishment of first batteries, 27-9, 337 map of American batteries, 28 shortage of requisites for siege, 28 29, 336, 338, 339; initial bombardment, inadequacy, 29; mosquito fleet, 29, 338; dissatisfaction of officers, 30; naval battery and later bombardment, 30, 338; conditions within city, 30-2, 337, 339; negotiations, and surrender, 32-3, 340, 342 justification of bombardment, casualties in city, 33, 339, 341; condition of Scott's force, 34-5, 342; occupation, 35-6, 343; American garrison, 37; plans for naval attack on Ulúa, 201, 444; American rule of city, 220-2, 457; American evacuation, 252; foreign comment, 307; Scott's "cabinet," 335; American force at siege, 336, 343; American losses, 343; American tariff, 484. See also Mexico expedition. ​
* Vera Cruz state, guerilla warfare, leaders, 2. 169, 171, 421; American assessment on, 265; appeal to Mexican factions, 334; manifesto on Santa Anna, 359. See also Soto.
* Veramendi, M. R., and uprising against Americans, 2. 420.
* Vergara Camp, 2. 222.
* Verónica causeway, 2. 147, 161; advance over, 161.
* Vesuvius, in attack on Tuxpán, 2. 444; in Home Squadron, 445, 446.
* Vice, prevalence in Mexico, 1. 22, 23, 26, 27. See also Gambling; Liquor.
* Vice Presidency, abolished in Mexico, 2. 15.
* Victoria, Guadalupe, as partisan leader, 1. 32; in Itúrbide's revolt, 33; revolt against Itúrbide, 35; as President, 37-40; and Texas, 60, 418; and commercial treaty, 61.
* Victoria, Taylor's march, 1. 357-60, 541-2; Santa Anna's plan to attack, 357; Patterson's march, 360-2, 542, 543; map of his march, 360; march from, to Tampico, 365-6, 546; Taylor leaves, 368.
* Victoria battalion, formation, 2. 3; at San Antonio, 112, 384.
* Vidal, Luis, and Doniphan's advance, 1. 301, 518.
* Viga garita, 2. 148.
* Vigas, as defensive point, 2. 39; Worth at, 60.
* Vigil y Alarid, J. B., receives Kearny at Santa Fe, 1. 296.
* Vigne, G. T., on American rule at Jalapa, 2. 225.
* Villages, aspect of Mexican, 1. 19.
* Villevêque, ——, French agent in Mexico, reports cited passim.
* Vinton, J. R., at Monterey, 1. 246.
* Vinton, S. F., position in House, 2. 496.
* Virginia, legislature on the war, 1. 119. See also next title.
* Virginia troops, calls, 1. 537, 2. 364; in Taylor's later force, 417: slow response to call, 431.
* Vixen, in occupation of Tampico, 1. 279; in attack on Alvarado, 2. 198, 199; in Tabasco expedition, 200; in attack on Tuxpán, 203, 444; at siege of Vera Cruz, 338; in Home Squadron, 446.
* Voltigeur regiment, in Scott's army, 2. 78, 422, 432; at Chapultepec, 154-7; origin and status, 363; at Churubusco, 385; at Molino del Rey, 402, 403.
* Volunteers, authorization, 1. 182, 190; errors in system, term, officers, their character, 191-2, 207, 474; Taylor and, 191, 474, 2. 212, 450; first call and response, 1. 1925, 445, 475, 476; mustering, New Orleans camp, and voyage to Texas, 195-6, 475; Gaines's six-months men, 196, 205, 452, 476, 2. 272, 511; conditions in Texan camps, morale, 205-8, 480, 481; further calls, 351, 537, 2. 76, 364, 430, 431; Wool on, 1. 371; term-expired men leave Scott, 2. 63-4, 356; infamous conduct at Matamoros, 211-2, 450; excesses at Monterey, 212, 450; and elsewhere, 213, 214, 224, 225; officers and their men, 215; statistics, 318; contrast with regulars, 319-20, 512-3; authorized size of army (1847), 431; supposed number {Nov., 1847), 432. See also Army; names of states.
* Von Hoist, H. E. See Hoist.
* Voz del Pueblo, advocates war, 1. 107, 434; on chances of expected war, 110; on Slidell mission, 436.
* W
* Wagons. See Transportation.
* Walker, Sir Baldwin, and American commander, 2. 446. ​
* Walker, R. J., and expansion, 1. 188; and the war, 471; and absorption of Mexico, 2. 243, 244; opposes treaty of peace, 246; pre-war financial estimates, 255; tariff and political ambition, 257, 478; and need of more revenue, 258, 260, 480; loan negotiations, distrusted, 259i 260, 262, 480-2; proposed tax on tea and coffee, 261, 482; tariff for Mexican ports, 261-2; and levies on Mexicans, 264-5, 487; opposition to policy, 273, 281; as leader, 282; integrity, 488.
* Walker, S. H., surprise, 1. 160, 463; bold trip to Fort Brown, 464; at Monterey, 501; operations against guerillas, 2. 172, 423; appearance, 177; at Huamantla, killed, 177, 425, 426.
* Wall, William, at Punta Aguda, 1. 562.
* Wallace, Lew, enlistment of company, 1. 195.
* Wallace, W. H. L., at Buena Vista, 1. 561.
* Walpole, Frederick, on California and independence, 1. 321.
* War, simplicity, 1. x; principles, 405.
* War department, staff, 1. 474. See also Marcy, W. L.
* War of 1812, Federalist opposition, 2. 280.
* War spirit. See Attitude; Outbreak; Popularity.
* Ward, H. G., British minister at Mexico, and Monroe Doctrine, 1. 112; on Mexican character, 410; and Texas, 419.
* Warehouse bill of 1846, 2. 257, 479; success, 263; opposition, 273.
* Warren, W. B., at Saltillo, 1. 556.
* Warren, in Pacific squadron, 2. 189, 205, 447.
* Washington, J. M., battery at Buena Vista, 1. 384, 386, 389, 344, 555, 558; field battery, 450; in Wool's march, 509.
* Washington, Camp, before Vera Cruz, 2. 27.
* Washington and Baltimore battalion, at Monterey, 1. 250, 251, 492, 496; in Quitman's brigade, 541; garrison at Tampico, 546; at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. 343.
* Washington Globe, on war spirit, 1. 132.
* Washington National Intelligencer.
* See National Intelligencer.
* Washington Union, and Folk's alleged desire for war, 1. 446; on failure of peace negotiations, 2. 138; challenge to Polk's critics, 284; and victorious war, 292.
* Watson, S. E., brigade in Scott's army, 2. 78, 366, 432.
* Weatherford, William, at Buena Vista, 1. 555.
* Weber, J. L., on Mexican army, 1. 408.
* Webster, Daniel, Bocanegra correspondence, 1. 68; protests further war on Texas, 69; on Mexican responsibility, 76, 2. 508; and annexation of Texas, 1. 82, 433; on Slidell mission, 98; on claims controversy, 120; and California, 127, 324; on Polk and war, 130; and war bill, 183, 472; and employment of volunteers, 192; and advance to Rio Grande, 458; and peace, 2. 123, 387; opposition to the war, 126; pessimism on peace prospects, 235; and treaty of peace, 247, 472, 473; on cost of the war, 267; ineffective war criticism, 278-80, 494; on control of occupied territory, 285; on tariff, 286; and no-territory plan, 288; Presidential candidacy and success of war, 291; results of opposition, 314; and defensive-line policy, 430; on war and slavery extension, 492; and Corwin's speech, 494; position in Senate, 496; on tariff for Mexican ports, 500; on American attitude toward Mexico, 508; on volunteers, 513.
* Webster, L. B., battery in Monterey campaign, 1. 496; at Saltillo, 556, 559.
* Weed, Thurlow, and Taylor's Presidential candidacy, 1. 179.
* Weightman, R. H., battery in Kearny's expedition, 1. 288, 515; in battle of Sacramento, 310, 312.
* Welles, Gideon, on Marcy, 1. 475; on tariff, 2. 273.
* Wellington, Duke of, on Scott's expedition, 2. 89.
* Wells, J. M., guerilla attack on, 2. 172.
* Wenghieri, Alonzo, arms for Mexican army, 2. 346.
* Wentworth, John, and tax on tea and coffee, 2. 285.
* West Point, value of training, 2. 320. See also Army.
* Westcott, J. D., Jr., position in Senate, 2. 496.
* Whale fishery, American, and occupation of California, 1. 323, 2. 514; and Mexican War, 205, 446, 447.
* Whig Almanac, on Polk, 2. 276. ​
* Whig party, and outbreak of the war, inconsistencies, 1. 185, 444, 472, 2. 276-7, 283; encourage enemy, 126, 280-1, 289, 495; and responsibility, 275; jibes at Polk, 275-6: and conduct of Whig generals, 277, 493; effect of Corwin's speech, 278. 494; character of Webster's war criticism, 278-80, 494; ghosts of opposition to War of 1812, 280; position in war-time Congress, 283; character of opposition there, 284-6; and Wilmot Proviso, 286-7, 498; no-territory plan, 287-8, 498; protract war, 288; Clay's speech and resolutions, 289; control of House programme, 290; effect on, of success of war, 290-1; about face, 292; results of opposition, 292-3, 501; and treaty of peace, 472; proper attitude, 493; leaders in Senate, 496. See also Opposition.
* Whistler, William, in Texas, 1. 143.
* White, E. D., and Gaines's Nacogdoches expedition, 1. 421.
* Wickliffe, C. A., American confidential agent in Texas, reports cited passim.
* Wilcocks, J. S., American consul at Mexico, reports cited passim.
* Wilcox, C. M., value of his history, 1. 404; on criticism at Monterey, 503.
* Wilhelm, Thomas, on Taylor in Monterey campaign, 1. 496.
* Wilkes, Charles, on California and independence, 1. 321.
* Williams, Thomas, of Scott's staff, 2. 366.
* Willock, David, with Price, 1. 516, 517. Wilmot, David, and Wilmot Proviso, 2. 286, 498.
* Wilmot Proviso, politics, 2. 286-7; objections, 498.
* Wilson, Benito, surrender, 1. 339.
* Wilson, Henry, at Reynosa, 1. 204; brigade in Monterey campaign, 492, 496; governor of Vera Cruz, superseded, 2. 432, 457.
* Wilson, L. D., and Twelfth Infantry, 2. 363.
* Winthrop, R. C., on cause of the war, 1. 189, 2. 277; on Slidell mission, 1. 438; and peace, 2. 123; position in the House, 496.
* Women, Mexican, of upper class, 1. 24, 25.
* Wood, Allen, at Churubusco, 2. 384.
* Wood, W. M., and Sloat, 1. 334.
* Wool, J. E., as mustering officer, 1. 195; gathering of Chihuahua force at San Antonio, 267-8; character of force, 268-9; character and discipline, appearance, 268, 269, 273, 275, 276, 509; and Harney's escapade, 269; march to Monclova, 270-3, 509; map of march, 271; halt during Monterey armistice, 273, 509; hardships and criticism of march, 273, 509-10; wagon train, 274; Parras route, 274, 510; at Parras, 275; diversion of expedition to near Saltillo, 275, 358; results of march, 276, 510; force (Dec., 1846), 283, 513; and Doniphan's expedition, 313, 521; command at Saltillo, carelessness of scouts, 370-1; diminished morale of troops, 371; on volunteers, 371; asks aid from Taylor, 372; in advance to Agua Nueva, 374; and retreat, preparations at Buena Vista, 383-5, 534, 555; in the battle, 393, 396, 558; and retreat of Mexicans, 398; march and Mexican abandonment of Rinconada Pass, 508; succeeds Taylor in command, 2. 166; and suppression of guerilla warfare, 170; levies on Mexicans, 265, 487; and mutiny at Buena Vista, 418; and force after succeeding Taylor, 417, 432; and conduct of Texan volunteers, 450; evacuates, 475; not West Pointer, 513.
* Wooster, C. F., at battle of Sacramento, 1. 520.
* Worth, W. J., in Texas, 1. 143; rank controversy, 144; on Taylor, 144, 260, 501, 502; and advance to Rio Grande, 147, 152, 454; leaves front, 158; return, at Camargo, 211; in march on Monterey, 228, 229, 492, 496; at battle of Monterey: movement to Saltillo road, 241-4, 497; on Ampudia, 241; appearance and character, 241, 498, 2. 186, 360, 434; capture of Federation Ridge, 244-6, 498; and Independence Hill and Bishop's Palace, 246-8, 499; Taylor neglects concerted action, 256-7; attack in city, 257-8, 501; and negotiations, 260, 501; as real victor, 261; in command at Saltillo, 264; as commander there, force, 266, 282, 541; Wool's force joins, 276; and expected attack (Dec.), 357, 541; and gathering of Vera Cruz expedition, 364, 365; and Harney, 365; embarks. 368: on war spirit, 444; on advance up Rio Grande, 483; and gathering of information, 490; on Taylor's lack of transportation, 491; on camp at Cerralvo, 493; landing at Vera Cruz, 2. 25-6; and the siege, 30; and negotiations, 33; and surrender, 36; at Cerro Gordo, 50, 351, 352; pursuit to Perote, 60-1; advance to Puebla, 65-6, 69; Amozoc affair, 70; conference on Puebla, 70, 361; occupies it, 71; mistakes as ruler, Scott's rebuke, 71-2, 361; "scarecrows," 72; division in Scott's army, 77, 343, 356; in advance to Valley of Mexico, 93-4, 371; at San Agustín, 97, 374; reconnoitres San Antonio, 102-3; captures it, 112, 382; at Churubusco, 114-6, 383, 384; force after the battle, 120; during armistice, 134; study of Molino del Rey, 143; in the battle, 143-7, 402-4; at Chapultepec, 153, 156, 157, 161, 409, 410; misgivings there, 154; advance and capture of San Cosme garita, 161-2, 413-4, 416; in the city, 164, 416; in uprising, 167; cabal against Scott, arrest, 186-8, 434-6; Polk rescues, 188; discipline as governor of Saltillo, 213, 450; on excesses of volunteers, 213; armistice negotiations, 242; and lead in Mexico expedition, 345; in plan of attack by Mexicaltzingo, 372, 373; and Contreras, 381; and failure to advance after Churubusco, 386; not at conference on attack on city, 408; in command of Mexico expedition, 476; on volunteers,' 513; not West Pointer, 513. ​
* Wright, George, at Molino del Rey, wounded, 2. 143, 144.
* Wright, Silas, and Polk, 2. 270.
* Wynkoop, F. M., at Cerro Gordo, 2. 56, 57, 353; rule at Jalapa, 224; and guerillas, 422; at Huamantla, 425, 426; in Lane's operations, 426.
* Wyse, F. O., in De Ruse's expedition, 2. 418.
* Y
* Yell, Archibald, and Santa Anna's advance, 1. 383, 554; and Wool, 509; at Buena Vista, 555, 558.
* Yellow fever, and Vera Cruz expedition, 1. 354, 2. 22, 23, 37, 59, 336, 339, 342, 344; and Mexico expedition, 42, 59, 64, 348; in navy, 195; in New Orleans, 431.
* York rite of Masons. See Masons.
* Yucatan, Santa Anna as commandant, 1. 40; naval operations, 201, 204; attitude during the war, 203-4; annexation question, 472.
* Yulee, D. L., position in Senate, 2. 496.
* Z
* Zacatecas, situation, 1. 3; powdermill, 462; Scott's intention to occupy, 184, 432.
* Zacatecas state, and Santa Anna, 1. 47, 86, 376, 550; unrest, 2. 234; Americans in, 418; in discussion on peace, 464.
* Zavala, Lorenzo de, and overthrow of Pedraza, 1. 41.
* Zerecero, Colonel, brigade, 2. 369.
* Zubieta, Pedro, on judicial system. 1. 409.