OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Consolidated version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union/Title XXI: Energy

Source: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2008:115:0001:01:EN:HTML

### Article 194

1. In the context of the establishment and functioning of the internal market and with regard for the need to preserve and improve the environment, Union policy on energy shall aim, in a spirit of solidarity between Member States, to:
(a) ensure the functioning of the energy market;
(b) ensure security of energy supply in the Union;
(c) promote energy efficiency and energy saving and the development of new and renewable forms of energy; and
(d) promote the interconnection of energy networks.
2. Without prejudice to the application of other provisions of the Treaties, the European Parliament and the Council, acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure, shall establish the measures necessary to achieve the objectives in paragraph 1. Such measures shall be adopted after consultation of the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions.
Such measures shall not affect a Member State's right to determine the conditions for exploiting its energy resources, its choice between different energy sources and the general structure of its energy supply, without prejudice to Article 192(2)(c).
3. By way of derogation from paragraph 2, the Council, acting in accordance with a special legislative procedure, shall unanimously and after consulting the European Parliament, establish the measures referred to therein when they are primarily of a fiscal nature.
# Deficit Reduction Act of 2005

Note: This is the original legislation as it was initially enacted. Any subsequent amendments hosted on Wikisource may be listed using What Links Here.
An Act To provide for reconciliation pursuant to section 202(a) of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2006 (H. Con. Res. 95).
    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

#### SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Deficit Reduction Act of 2005´´.

#### SEC. 2. TABLE OF TITLES.

    The table of titles is as follows:
       TITLE I—AGRICULTURE PROVISIONS
       TITLE II—HOUSING AND DEPOSIT INSURANCE PROVISIONS
       TITLE III—DIGITAL TELEVISION TRANSITION AND PUBLIC SAFETY
       TITLE IV—TRANSPORTATION PROVISIONS
       TITLE V—MEDICARE
       TITLE VI—MEDICAID AND SCHIP
       TITLE VII—HUMAN RESOURCES AND OTHER PROVISIONS
       TITLE VIII—EDUCATION AND PENSION BENEFIT PROVISIONS
       TITLE IX—LIHEAP PROVISIONS
       TITLE X—JUDICIARY RELATED PROVISIONS
Approved February 8, 2006.

### Legislative History

* S. 1932, (H.R. 4241)
* HOUSE REPORTS:
** No. 109-276 accompanying H.R. 4241 (Comm. on the Budget)
** No. 109-362 (Comm. of Conference).
* CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 151 (2005):
** Oct. 31, Nov. 1-3, considered and passed Senate.
** Nov. 17, considered and passed House, amended, in lieu of H.R. 4241.
** Dec. 18, House agreed to conference report.
** Dec. 19-21, Senate considered and disagreed to conference report.
** Dec. 19-21, Senate concurred in House amendment with an amendment.
* CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 152 (2006):
** Feb. 1, House concurred in Senate amendment pursuant to H. Res. 653.
* WEEKLY COMPILATION OF PRESIDENTIAL DOCUMENTS, Vol. 42 (2006):
** Feb. 8, Presidential statement and remarks.
This work is in the public domain in the U.S. because it is an edict of a government, local or foreign. See § 313.6(C)(2) of the Compendium II: Copyright Office Practices. Such documents include "legislative enactments, judicial decisions, administrative rulings, public ordinances, or similar types of official legal materials" as well as "any translation prepared by a government employee acting within the course of his or her official duties."
These do not include works of the Organization of American States, United Nations, or any of the UN specialized agencies. See Compendium III § 313.6(C)(2) and 17 U.S.C. 104(b)(5).
A non-American governmental edict may still be copyrighted outside the U.S. Similar to {{PD-in-USGov}}, the above U.S. Copyright Office Practice does not prevent U.S. states or localities from holding copyright abroad, depending on foreign copyright laws and regulations.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Deficit Reduction Act of 2005/Title II
## TITLE II — HOUSING AND DEPOSIT INSURANCE PROVISIONS

    SUBTITLE A — FHA ASSET DISPOSITION
       Sec. 2001. Definitions.
       Sec. 2002. Appropriated Funds Requirement for Below-Market Sales.
       Sec. 2003. Up-Front Grants.
    SUBTITLE B — DEPOSIT INSURANCE
       Sec. 2101. Short Title.
       Sec. 2102. Merging the BIF and SAIF.
       Sec. 2103. Increase in Deposit Insurance Coverage.
       Sec. 2104. Setting Assessments and Repeal of Special Rules Relating to Minimum Assessments and Free Deposit Insurance.
       Sec. 2105. Replacement of Fixed Designated Reserve Ratio with Reserve Range.
       Sec. 2106. Requirements Applicable to the Risk-Based Assessment System.
       Sec. 2107. Refunds, Dividends, and Credits from Deposit Insurance Fund.
       Sec. 2108. Deposit Insurance Fund Restoration Plans.
       Sec. 2109. Regulations Required.
# Defensive Ferments of the Animal Organism/Preface to the English Edition

Preface to the English Edition.
It is more than three years since Abderhalden first published his results in regard to the sero-diagnosis of pregnancy. In the course of his general studies on the nature and properties of the ferments in the blood, and on their relations to metabolism, he came across an instance of their specific action, which suggested the possibility of diagnosing the condition of pregnancy by their means. And it was on the basis of the same methods as had been employed years before by himself and his followers in their preliminary theoretical investigations, that he was led to the great discovery of the demonstration of specific ferments in the blood-serum; that is to say, by the use of the optical method and of the dialysation process.
In view of the possibility of the practical application, in medicine, of these new methods of research, for the purpose of making differential diagnoses and of testing the functions of organs in various diseases, they have been taken up by many members of the medical profession. They were first employed by the gynæcologist; but there is now hardly any branch of medicine left in which the application of these new methods has not been attempted, and in the course ​of time interest in these new weapons of research has rapidly increased. Much has been done, for the popularization of these methods, by the kindness which has been shown by Abderhalden and his assistants to all those who were willing to acquaint themselves with the rather complicated technique involved in them. He found room in his institute for all who wanted to come; every written inquiry was promptly answered; and reagents, such as placenta-albumen and peptone, in the preparation of which some difficulty is met with, were freely supplied from his laboratory.
The conception of "harmony and disharmony" has been employed by us, in order to represent the meaning we attach to Abderhalden's terms "fremd" and "eigen." These phrases, though they have been translated literally by some, do not seem to us to be amenable to direct translation.
In presenting this translation of the latest edition of Abderhalden's work on defensive ferments, I have been inspired by the hope of being able to excite or further, in regard to this important line of modern research, the interest of many to whom the German text may be inaccessible.
J. O. Gavronsky.
7, Cambridge Terrace, Regent's Park. February 23, 1914.
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# Defensive Ferments of the Animal Organism/Preface to the Second Edition

Preface to the Second Edition.
Though scarcely a year has elapsed since the publication of the First Edition, yet it has been possible to widen the scope of the Second in many points. Since then, numerous investigations in different fields have been either begun or completed. The most important results of these investigations are given at the end of this little volume.
The term "protective ferment" has been dropped, because it may easily convey the idea that these ferments, which are called into action by the presence of substances out of harmony with the plasma, are unconditionally protective. The term "defensive ferment" will more readily suggest the notion, that the animal organism attempts to defend itself. By means of decomposition it often deprives disharmonious substances of their specific character, but in many cases the defensive ferments form decomposition stages which are more dangerous than the substrates they attack.
May this new edition find the same friendly welcome as the first.
Emil Abderhalden.
Halle a/S., June 15, 1913.
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# Corda Concordia

"No sandalled footsteps fall,"
* Edmund Clarence Stedman (1897), "Corda Concordia" in Poems, now first collected.
* Edmund Clarence Stedman (1908), "Corda Concordia" in The poems of Edmund Clarence Stedman.
# Corcoran v. Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
94 U.S. 741
Corcoran v. Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company
APPEAL from the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia.
The case is stated in the opinion of the court.
Mr. J. D. McPherson, Mr. Conway Robinson, and Mr. Joseph Bryan, for the appellant.
Mr. John P. Poe and Mr. Bernard Carter, for the appellee.
MR. JUSTICE MILLER delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Corbin v. Van Brunt

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
105 U.S. 576
Corbin v. Van Brunt
ERROR to the Circuit Court of the United States for the Eastern District of New York.
The case is fully stated in the opinion of the court.
Mr. Randall Hanger for the plaintiffs in error.
Mr. J. J. McElhone and Mr. Joseph K. McKammon for the defendants in error.
MR. CHIEF JUSTICE WAITE delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Corbus v. Alaska Treadwell Gold Mining Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
187 U.S. 455
Corbus v. Alaska Treadwell Gold Mining Company
Argued: April 25, 1901. --- Decided: for reargument April 29, 1901
This, like the preceding cases, was brought to prevent the payment of an Alaskan license tax. The method pursued was, however, different. It is a suit in equity brought by a stockholder against a corporation-the stockholder and the corporation being the sole parties plaintiff and defendant-to restrain it from paying the tax. Notice was given to the United States district attorney of the pendency of the suit, who appeared as amicus curioe, and, disclaiming any intention of, in any manner, representing or binding the United States, denied the jurisdiction of the court, its right to enjoin the defendant from paying the license, and argued in favor of the constitutionality of the law.
The bill alleged that the defendant was incorporated under the laws of the state of Minnesota, and engaged in mining and milling ore in the district of Alaska, with an office and manager in the district; that 'the general control of the affairs of said company is intrusted to a board of directors who reside in San Francisco, state of California, and are nonresidents of the district of Alaska; that the complete control and management of the affairs of said company in Alaska are under the supervision and control of its general superintendent and manager, J. P. Corbus.'

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Pegasius, bp. of Troas

Pegasius (1), bp. of Troas c. 350–360. His name was found in a previously unknown letter of the emperor Julian, first published in Hermes (1875), pp. 257–266. This letter gives a very interesting description of a visit paid by Julian to Troy before he became emperor. It describes the graves of Hector and Achilles, and the temple of Minerva as being still honoured with sacrifices; while the bishop of the place Pegasius seems to have acted as custodian of the temple and of the images which were in their places and in good order. He had evidently discerned Julian's tendency to paganism. Julian, upon entering the temple, recognized traces of sacrifices, and asked if the people still sacrificed to the gods. The bishop defended the practice on the analogy of the honour paid by Christians to the martyrs. The bishop turned pagan on the accession of Julian, whose letter was written to plead his cause on the ground that such converts needed encouragement. This letter is of great interest in view of modern explorations of the site of Troy. Cf. Boissier's art. on Julian in Revue des deux mondes, July 1880, pp. 106–108.
[G.T.S.]
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Peregrinus, called Proteus

Peregrinus (1), called Proteus, an apostate from Christianity and a Cynic philosopher of the 2nd cent., whose history has been satirically told by Lucian. That Lucian's work is not a romance is amply shown by the account of Peregrinus in Aulus Gellius, Noct. Attic. viii. 3, and xii. 11. Other writers, pagan and Christian alike, of the same age, mention him: e.g. Tatian, Orat. adv. Graec. c. 25; Athenagoras, pro Christian. c. 26, who tells us of his statue at Parium; Maximus Tyrius, Diss. iii.; Tertull. ad Mart. c. 4; and Eusebius in his Chronicon (ii. 178 seq. ed. Schöne); cf. also I. Sörgel, Lucian's Stellung zum Christenthum, (1875); Schiller's Geschichte der Kaiserzeit, p. 685; and Bernays' tract Lucian u. die Kyniker (Berlin, 1879). The story of Peregrinus is therefore a very valuable illustration of the life of the 2nd cent. He was born at Parium on the Hellespont, where he committed various crimes, including parricide. He escaped justice by transferring his property to the municipality and then passed over to Palestine, where he became a Christian, and, according to Lucian's account, a bishop or at least a presbyter. He was imprisoned for the faith, and Lucian's words are a valuable and truthful description of the conduct of the Christians towards confessors generally. Crowds attended at the prison and ministered to Peregrinus, bribing the gaolers to obtain admission. The "Teaching of the Twelve Apostles" takes elaborate precautions against wandering apostles and prophets, who desired only to make gain of the gospel. Such a false apostle was Peregrinus. His real character was, however, discovered, and he was excommunicated. He then became a Cynic philosopher, a sect which Lucian specially abhorred, and resided at Rome. He made use of the licence permitted them to abuse the emperor himself, but was speedily expelled by the prefect Urbis. He next passed into Greece, and there, to obtain a greater notoriety, burned himself alive at the Olympic games at the 236th Olympiad a.d. 165. Cf. Strabo, xv. i. 73; Dion Cassius, liv. 9; and Lightfoot On Colossians, p. 394. Dr. Lightfoot has elaborately discussed the relations between the stories of Peregrinus and St. Ignatius (SS. Ignatius and Polycarp, t. i. pp. 129, 133, 331, 450, ii. pp. 206, 213, 306, 356; cf. Salmon's Introd. to the N.T. pp. 522, 650). [LUCIAN.]
[G.T.S.]
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Paulus of Asia

Paulus (13), surnamed of Asia, Jacobite bp. of Aphrodisias and metropolitan of Caria in the reign of Justin II. We owe our knowledge of him to the Ecclesiastical History of John of Ephesus (Dr. R. Payne Smith's trans.). As his persecution by John Scholasticus, patriarch of Constantinople, marks a period in the history of the Monophysite body, it is important to fix its date, which in all probability was 571. The persecution fell chiefly on the numerous Monophysite monasteries, of both sexes, which had sprung up in and around Constantinople while the empress Theodora lived. These were burst into to admit the "synodite" clergy bearing the consecrated bread, of which the inmates were compelled to partake, though it was necessary in some cases to bind their hands and force it into their mouths. The chief difficulty was with the bishops, and Paul of Aphrodisias was singled out for the first example (p. 13). The historian describes him as an honest and simple-minded old man, dwelling quietly in his monastery in Caria, when the patriarch had him brought to Constantinople and imprisoned in his own palace, until, overcome by harsh treatment, he was compelled to receive the communion at his hands, besides signing an act of submission, which he was not allowed to read (given by the historian), to the effect that he accepted the decrees of Chalcedon and the jurisdiction of the patriarch of Constantinople. He was then sent back, but the "synodite" bp. of Aphrodisias had instructions to depose him from the episcopal office and consecrate him afresh to the see of the Carian Antioch, on the Meander, at the far east of the province and not very distant from Aphrodisias. All this was done, to the extreme grief and indignation of the venerable bishop, whom soon "death overtook, and his old age descended in affliction and misery to the grave" (p. 16).
[C.H.]
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Paulus the Silentiary

Paulus (110), sometimes called "the Silentiary," from his position as an officer of Justinian's court, wrote several epigrams preserved in the Anthologia Palatina, and some other works of minor importance; his poetical account of the buildings and dedication of the Great Church of Constantinople must, as the evidence of a contemporary, always be an important authority on the greatest effort of Byzantine church architecture. It is written in Homeric hexameters, with a dedication in iambic verse. Its vividness is much praised by Agathias, but, from his necessary avoidance of technical terms, it is not easy to follow his description of the building. Together with the ἔκφρασις τοῦ ἄμβωνος, it was edited by Graefe (Lips. 1822). Some assistance to its better understanding in relation to church architecture is given by Neale, Hist. of Holy Eastern Church (Intro.).
[H.A.W.]
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Pelagia, surnamed Margarita

Pelagia (3), surnamed Margarita, Marina, and Peccatrix, an actress of Antioch about the middle of 5th cent., celebrated for her repentance. Her history is discussed at length in the AA. SS. Boll. Oct. iv. 248–268, where she is distinguished from two other Pelagias of Antioch, and Pelagia of Tarsus, martyr under Diocletian. The story of our Pelagia has been told by Jacobus, a deacon and eyewitness of her conversion. Nonnus, bp. of Edessa and successor of Ibas in that see, was once preaching at Antioch when present at a synod of eight bishops. Pelagia was then the favourite actress and dancer of Antioch, whose inhabitants had poured riches upon her and surnamed her Margarita from the number of pearls she wore. She came into the church during the sermon, to the astonishment and horror of the other bishops. Nonnus had been an ascetic of the severe order of Pachomius of Tabenna, and he addressed Pelagia with such plainness and sternness touching her sins and the future judgments of God, that she at once repented,
and with many tears desired baptism, which, after some delay, was granted, the chief deaconess of Antioch, Romana, acting as sponsor for her. She finally left Antioch for a cell on the Mount of Olives, where she lived as a monk in male attire, and died some three years afterwards from excessive austerities. Jacobus the deacon, recounting a visit he paid to her there, gives a very interesting description of an anchorite's cell, such as can still be seen in many places in Ireland. She was living as an enclosed anchorite, in a cell with a window as the only communication with the external world. Her whole history is full of interesting touches, describing the ancient ritual of baptism and other ecclesiastical usages.
[G.T.S.]
# Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1997

    An Act Making appropriations for the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and related agencies for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1997, and for other purposes.
This Act may be cited as the ``Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1997´´.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Benoist, Antoine

​BENOIST, ANTOINE (1721–1770), draughtsman and engraver, was born at Soissons in 1721. Early in life he was brought to England by Claude du Bosc, the engraver, and found employment as a teacher of drawing in many private families of the higher class. Among his engravings are a portrait of Louis XV, after Blackey, dated 1741; a frieze on two plates representing 'A Procession of Free-Masons in London.' dated 1742; and some small etchings of the battles and sieges of the French armies in the reign of Louis XIV but it is doubtful whether the latter are by Antoine Benoist or by C. L. Benoist, who was living in Paris about the same time. Antoine died in London in August 1770.
[Meyer's Allgemeines Künstler-Lexikon, 1872, &c., iii. 544; Portalis and Béraldi's Graveurs du dix-huitième siècle, 1880-2, i. 160; Didot's Graveurs de Portraits en France, 1875-7, i. 33.]
R. E. G.