OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harrison, Ralph

​HARRISON, RALPH (1748–1810), nonconformist divine and tutor, son of William Harrison, presbyterian minister of Chinley, Derbyshire, was born at Chinley on 10 Sept. 1748. He was descended from Cuthbert Harrison (d. October 1680), ejected from Lurgan, co. Armagh. In 1763 he entered the Warrington Academy, of which John Aikin, D.D. (1713–1780) [q. v.], was divinity tutor. In 1769 he was appointed assistant to Joseph Fownes (1715–1789) as minister of High Street Chapel, Shrewsbury. On 29 Dec. (elected 17 Nov.) 1771 he succeeded Joseph Mottershead (1688–1771) at Cross Street Chapel, Manchester. His theology was Arian. From 1774 he kept a school, and gained great repute as a teacher, among his pupils being the sons of the Marquis of Waterford. From the institution of the Manchester Academy (22 Feb. 1786) till 1789 Harrison was professor of classics and belles-lettres there. He died, after long illness, on 10 Nov. 1810. Soon after settling in Manchester, he married Ann, daughter of John Touchet. His son William (d. 30 Nov. 1859, aged 80) was minister at Blackley, Lancashire (1803–54); another son, John, (1786–1853), was a Manchester merchant and father of John Harrison, Ph.D. (d. 1866), minister at Chowbent, Lancashire (1838–47), Brixton, Surrey (1847–61), and Ipswich (1861–3).
Harrison published: 1. ‘Institutes of English Grammar,’ &c., Manchester, 1777, 12mo. 2. ‘Sacred Harmony,’ &c. [1786], 4to, 2 vols. (contains psalm tunes of his composition). 3. ‘A Sermon … at Manchester … on occasion of the Establishment of an Academy,’ &c., Warrington [1786], 8vo. 4. ‘Account of the Author,’ prefixed to John Seddon's posthumous ‘Discourses,’ Warrington, 1793, 12mo. Posthumous was 5. ‘Sermons,’ &c., 1813, 8vo (prefixed is ‘Biographical Memoir’ by his son William). Also some geographical manuals.
A. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Sanford, John Langton

​SANFORD, JOHN LANGTON (1824–1877), historical writer, born at Upper Clapton, London, on 22 June 1824, studied at University College, London. Afterwards entering at Lincoln's Inn, he read in the chambers of Mr. (afterwards Sir) John Richard Quain [q. v.], and was called to the bar in 1855, but never practised. From 1852 to the end of 1855 he was joint editor of the ‘Inquirer,’ established as a unitarian organ in 1842. From 1861 till his death he contributed to the ‘Spectator.’ The occupation of his life was the study of English history. He published in 1858 ‘Studies and Illustrations of the Great Rebellion’ (some of which appeared originally in the ‘Christian Reformer,’ under the signature of ‘Sigma’). ‘The Great Governing Families of England,’ which appeared in 1865, 8vo, in 2 vols., was written in conjunction with Mr. Meredith Townsend, and was originally contributed to the ‘Spectator.’ Sanford's ‘Estimates of English Kings’ (published in 1872, 8vo) was also reproduced from the ‘Spectator.’
On points of genealogy and of topographical and parliamentary history Sanford's knowledge was singularly minute and full; his power of realising the personages of history, great and small, was marked by keen sensibility and a wide range of sympathies. Among his closest friends were Walter Bagehot [q. v.] and William Caldwell Roscoe [q. v.] For many years his eyesight was failing, and early in 1875 he became totally blind. After the death of his sister Lucy he removed, in May 1876, from London to Evesham, Worcestershire. He died at Evesham on 27 July 1877, and was buried in the graveyard of Oat Street Chapel.
[Inquirer, 4 Aug. 1877; information from R. H. Hutton, esq.; personal recollection.]
A. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Say, Samuel

​SAY, SAMUEL (1676–1743), dissenting minister, second son of Gyles Say, by his second wife, was born in All Saints' parish, Southampton, on 23 March 1676. Gyles Say (1632–1692), who was of Huguenot ancestry by the mother's side, was educated at Southampton grammar school, was presented to the vicarage of Catherington, Hampshire, on 24 March 1656, and to the vicarage of St. Michael, Southampton, on 23 Nov. 1657; was ordained by presbyters on 8 May 1660, refused conformity in 1662, and preached as a nonconformist at Southampton and Wellow, Hampshire (1672–80), London (1680–7), and Guestwick, Norfolk (1687–92). Samuel was educated at schools in Southwick, Hampshire (to 1689), and Norwich (1691–2), whence he proceeded (1692) to the London academy of Thomas Rowe [q. v.] Isaac Watts was his fellow-student and intimate friend.
After acting as chaplain for three years to Thomas Scott of Lyminge, Kent, he ministered for a short time at Andover, Hampshire, then at Great Yarmouth (from 6 July 1704), and in 1707 settled at Lowestoft, Suffolk, where he ministered for eighteen years, but was not ordained pastor. He declined in 1712 a call to the independent congregation at Norwich. In 1725 he became co-pastor with Samuel Baxter at Ipswich. In 1734, after much hesitation, he accepted the care of the congregation at Long Ditch (now Princes Street), Westminster, which had been without a pastor since the death of Edmund Calamy in 1732. His ministry was successful. He died on 12 April 1743, and was buried in Bunhill Fields. He married (1719) Sarah Hamby (d. February 1744, aged 70). Her uncle, Nathaniel Carter (1635–1722) of Great Yarmouth, married a granddaughter of Oliver Cromwell, and founded an important dissenting trust. Say's only child, Sarah, married Isaac Toms (1709–1801), dissenting minister at Hadleigh, Suffolk.
Two years after Say's death appeared his ‘Poems … and two Critical Essays,’ &c., 1745, 4to, edited by William Duncombe [q. v.]; the poems are youthful rubbish, with a version of the opening of ‘Paradise Lost’ in Latin hexameters; the essays are respectively on rhythm in general, and on the rhythm of ‘Paradise Lost.’ In ‘Letters by several Eminent Persons’ (1772, vol. ii.), edited by John Duncombe [q. v.], are two letters by Say, and a reprint of his ‘Character’ of Mrs. Bendish, which first appeared in the ‘Gentleman's Magazine’ (1760, p. 423). The ‘Say Papers,’ edited in the ‘Monthly Repository,’ 1809–10, by Robert Aspland, from manuscripts then in the possession of Say's grandson, Samuel Say Toms, contain many curious documents, among them a petition from ‘Sophia Selchrig,’ widow of Alexander Selkirk [q. v.] His portrait was engraved by C. Hall after a drawing by Jonathan Richardson.
A. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hubberthorn, Richard

​HUBBERTHORN, RICHARD (1628–1662), quaker writer, only son of John Hubberthorn, a yeoman, was born at Yealand-Redmayne, in the parish of Warton, near Carnforth, Lancashire, and baptised at Warton on 8 June 1628. He was brought up in puritan principles, became an officer in the parliamentary army, and preached to his troop. He left the army on becoming a quaker towards the end of 1648. In 1652 he devoted himself to the work of the quaker ministry, being one of the earliest of George Fox's travelling preachers. He accompanied Fox in his Lancashire journeys, and had a hand (1653) in one of his publications. In 1654 he went with George Whitehead on a mission to Norwich; next year he travelled with Fox in the eastern counties. It appears from his report to Margaret Fell [q. v.] that he was sometimes permitted to speak 'in the steeple-house.' Norwich was still his headquarters in 1659. He came with Fox to London in 1660, and had an audience of Charles II soon after his restoration. A minute account of the interview was published, and is given in Sewel. Charles promised that quakers 'should not suffer for their opinion or religion.' In 1662, during renewed persecution, Fox and Hubberthorn drew up a spirited letter to Charles. Hubberthorn was arrested at Bull and Mouth meeting in June 1662, and committed to Newgate by Alderman Richard Brown. He died in Newgate of gaol fever on 17 Aug. 1662.
Adam Martindale describes him as 'the most rational, calm-spirited man of his judgment that I was ever publicly engaged against.' He is an excellent sample of the ​early quaker, of the type anterior to Barclay and Penn, without the emotional genius, at the same time without the overbalanced mysticism of James Nayler [q. v.], in conjunction with whom he wrote two tracts. His writings are almost all controversial, and their tone is more moderate than that of some of his contemporaries. His works are contained in `A Collection of the several Books and Writings of … Richard Hubberthorn,' 1663, 4to. Smith enumerates thirty-seven separately published pamphlets; the most important are:
* 'Truth's Defence,' &c., 1653, 4to (partly by Fox).
* `The Immediate Call,' &c., 1654, 4to (part by James Parnel).
* 'The Real Cause of the Nation's Bondage,' &c., 1659, 4to.
* 'The Light of Christ Within,' &c., 1660, 4to.
* 'An Account from the Children of Light,' &c., 1660, 4to (part by Nayler).
* 'Liberty of Conscience asserted,' &c., 1661, 4to parts by Crook, Fisher, and Howgil).
[Fox's Journal, 1694, pp.84-250; Sewel's Hist. of Quakers,1725,pp. 87 sq., 246sq.,363;Life of Adam Martindale(Chetham Soc.), 1845, p. 115; Webb's Fells of Swarthmoor, 1867, pp. 133 sq.;Smith's Cat. of Friends' Books, 1867, i. 1010 sq.; Barclay's Inner Life, 1876,p. 286; extract from baptismal register of Warton, per Rev. T. H. Pain.]
A. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Scarlett, Nathaniel

​SCARLETT, NATHANIEL (1753–1802), biblical translator, born 28 Sept. 1753, was educated at the Wesleyan school, Kingswood, Gloucestershire, and at Merchant Taylors' School, which he entered in 1767. He became a shipwright, afterwards an accountant, when he projected the ‘Commercial Almanac.’ eventually a bookseller in the Strand, and publisher of ‘The British Theatre.’ Originally a methodist, he became a universalist, under the preaching of Elhanan Winchester, and a baptist through the influence of Winchester's successor, William Vidler [q. v.] In 1798 appeared a version of the New Testament, ‘humbly attempted by Nathaniel Scarlett, assisted by men of piety and literature.’ The basis of this was a manuscript translation by James Creighton, an Anglican clergyman. Once a week Creighton, Vidler, and John Cue, a Sandemanian, met Scarlett at his house, 349 Strand, to revise this translation. The final arrangement, dramatic in form, with introduction of speaker's names, also the headings and notes, are entirely Scarlett's work. The book is a useful curiosity. It was called ‘A Translation of the New Testament from the Original Greek,’ 1798, 12mo, plates; there are two distinct engraved title-pages, bearing the same date. Scarlett contributed both prose and verse to the ‘Universalist's Miscellany;’ from it was reprinted ‘A Scenic Arrangement of Isaiah's Prophecy, relating to the Fall of … Babylon,’ 1802, 4to, in verse. He died on 18 Nov. 1802, aged 50.
A. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Scott, Joseph Nicoll

​SCOTT, JOSEPH NICOLL, M.D. (1703?–1769), dissenting minister and physician, eldest son of Thomas Scott, independent minister, was born at Hitchin, Hertfordshire, about 1703. His father, the son of Daniel Scott, a London merchant, by his first wife, and half-brother of Daniel Scott LL.D. [q. v.], was minister at Back Street Chapel, Hitchin (1700–9), and succeeded John Stackhouse as minister of a secession from the Old Meeting, Norwich, on 13 Oct. 1709. This secession had a meeting-place in the Blackfriars; but about 1717 differences were healed, and the elder Scott became minister of the Old Meeting.
Joseph Nicoll became his father's assistant about 1725. A change of his views in the Arian direction was followed by his dismissal in 1737 or 1738. To his father this was a terrible blow; his nervous system became permanently unhinged; he died on 15 Nov. 1746, aged 66. Doddridge speaks of him as ‘one of the holiest and most benevolent men upon the earth.’ He published two funeral sermons and an ‘Attempt to prove the Godhead of Christ,’ 1726, 8vo (sermon, John xx. 28; cf. his letters in Humphreys's Correspondence of Doddridge, iii. 424 sq.).
Dismissed from the Old Meeting, Scott was established by his friends in a Sunday lectureship at the French church, St. Mary-the-Less. At first he drew considerable audiences, and was patronised by members of the church of England. Two volumes of his discourses (1743) contain many striking sermons; one is on ‘the Mahometan Revelation considered;’ others affirm the ultimate annihilation of the wicked, anticipating the position of Samuel Bourn (1714–1796) [q. v.] of Norwich. His lecture was discontinued before the publication of the sermons. He studied medicine at Edinburgh, and graduated M.D. in 1744. For some years he practised in Norwich. A Mr. Reynolds, a casual acquaintance and admirer, left him an estate at Felsted, Essex; here he ended his days, dying on 23 Dec. 1769. A monument to his memory is in the Old Meeting, Norwich. ‘The Gracious Warning,’ a monody on his death, by George Wright, was published in 1774, 8vo. His widow (maiden name, Bell) died at Aylsham, Norfolk, in 1799, aged 87 (Gent. Mag. 1799, lxix. 352).
He published:
* ‘Sermons … in defence of all Religion … Natural or Revealed,’ &c., 1743, 8vo, 2 vols.
* ‘An Essay towards a Translation of Homer's Works in Blank Verse, with Notes,’ &c., 1755, 4to (a spirited version of thirteen selected passages from the ‘Iliad’).
He also revised the etymologies from classic and oriental languages for an issue (1755, fol.) of the ‘English Dictionary,’ by Nathan Bailey [q. v.]
[Norfolk Tour, 1829, ii. 1248; Nomina eorum qui Gradum M.D. in Academia … Edinburgi … adepti sunt, 1846, p. 3; Browne's Hist. Congr. Norf. and Suff. 1877, pp. 267 sq.; Urwick's Nonconformity in Herts, 1884, p. 650; information kindly furnished by Hardinge F. Giffard, esq., F.S.A.]
A. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Tagart, Edward

​TAGART, EDWARD (1804–1858), unitarian divine, second son of William Tagart (d. 1817) by his wife Amy (d. 23 July 1840), eldest daughter of Nicholas Lathy of Barnstaple, was born at Bristol on 8 Oct. 1804. His father was a linendraper at Bristol, and afterwards an accountant at Bath. Tagart was at school under John Evans at Bristol and at the grammar school, Bath. In 1820 he entered Manchester College, York, under Charles Wellbeloved [q. v.] In November 1824, before leaving college, he was invited to be minister of a chapel about to be opened in York Street, St. James’s Square, London. He preferred a call to the Octagon Chapel, Norwich, where he was ordained on 10 Aug. 1825, in succession to Thomas Madge (1786–1870). Early in 1828 he succeeded John Small (d. 1827) at York Street chapel; it was held at a yearly rent, and the minister was practically chaplain to William Agar, a chancery barrister. The congregation removed to a new building (opened 26 May 1833) in Little Portland Street, Regent Street, where Tagart exercised a successful ministry for a quarter of a century. On 9 July 1844 his congregation gave him a service of plate with an inscription by Charles Dickens, the novelist, at that time an attendant on his services. He succeeded Sir John Bowring [q. v.] as foreign secretary (1832), and in 1842 succeeded Robert Aspland [q. v.] as general secretary of the British and Foreign Unitarian Association, and was a trustee (1832–58) of Dr. Williams’s foundations, a fellow of the Linnean and Geological societies, and of the Society of Antiquaries. On 7 Aug. 1858 he left London on an official visit to the Unitarians of Transylvania. Returning, he was seized with intermittent fever at Brussels, and died there on 12 Oct. 1858. He was buried on 20 Oct. at Kensal Green. He married (21 Jan. 1828) Helen (1797–1871), daughter of Joseph Bourn (grandson of Samuel Bourn the younger [q. v.]), and widow of Thomas Martineau (eldest brother of ​Harriet Martineau [q. v.]), who survived him with an only son and three daughters.
In addition to sermons and tracts, he published:
* ‘A Memoir of … Captain Peter Heywood, R.N.,’ 1832, 8vo.
* ‘Remarks on Mathematical or Demonstrative Reasoning,’ 1837, 12mo.
* ‘Sketches of … Reformers of the Sixteenth Century,’ 1843, 8vo.
* ‘ Remarks on Bentham, his Obligations to Priestley,’ 1844, 8vo (reprinted from the ‘Christian Reformer’).
* ‘Locke’s Writings and Philosophy … vindicated from … contributing to the Scepticism of Hume,’ 1855, 8vo (of this Hallam wrote on 25 Nov. 1857, ‘I think it will have the effect of restoring Locke to the place he ought to take in the estimation of his country’).
He edited (1843) a sermon by Ralph Cudworth [q. v.], with memoir.
[Memoir by his brother, C. F. Tagart (1858); Christian Reformer, 1858 pp. 711, 746 sq., 1859 pp. 65 sq., 233 sq.; Inquirer, 1858, pp. 679, 684, 699 sq.; Roll of Students, Manchester College, 1868; Spears’s Record of Unitarian Worthies, 1877, p. 368; Jeremy’s Presbyterian Fund, 1885, pp. 201 sq.]
A. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Allibond, John

1904 Errata appended.
​ALLIBOND, JOHN, D.D. (1597–1658), master of Magdalen College School, was born in Buckinghamshire, at Chenies, of which his father, Peter Allibond, was rector [see Allibond, Peter, 1560–1629]. He was educated at Magdalen College, Oxford, where he was admitted as chorister in 1612, matriculated 7 June 1616, proceeded B.A. in the same year, and M.A. three years later, and was clerk of the college from 1617 to 1625. He was master of the free achool adjoining Magdalen from 1625 to 1632, and lectured on the theory of music; became D.D. 17 Oct 1643; was rector of St. Mary-le-Crypt, Gloucester, from 1634 to 1638; was perpetual curate of St. Nicholas, Gloucester, from 1635 to 1645; and was appointed rector of Bradwell, Gloucestershire, in 1636, where he died in 1658. He published anonymously ‘Rustica Acad. Ox. nuper reformatæ descriptio in Visitatione fanatica Octobris 6$^o$, &c., 1648, cum Comitiis ibidem anno sequente … habitis,’ 1648. This was reprinted in 1705, in 1717 (with English verse translation by Ned Ward), and again in 1834. It appears also in Somer's Tracts. It is a very lively anti-puritan satire on the first stage of the parliamentary visitation. A manuscript key exists among Wood's papers. Allibond was also author of Latin verses in ‘Britanniæ Natalis,’ Oxon. 1630; of ‘Dulcissimis Capitibus etc. Invitatio ad frugi Prandiolum,’ printed in the ‘Clerk's Register,’ p. 48; and of a ‘Concio ad Clerum Oxoniensium’ among the Taylor MSS. at Oxford. His lectures on music were highly popular in the university. He was an intimate friend of Peter Heylin.
[Wood's Fasti (Bliss), i. 365, and his Antiq. of Oxford (Gutch), ii. 358, 581; Bloxam's Register of Magdalen College, iii. 156.]
A. G.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.5 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 330 | i | 19 | Allibond, John: for St. Mary-le-Crypt read St. Mary-de-Crypt |
| | | 38 | after 'Clerk's Register' insert in Bloxam's Register of Magdalen College, Oxford |
# The New International Encyclopædia/Kemble, Charles

Edition of 1905. See also Charles Kemble on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​KEMBLE, Charles (1775-1854). An English actor, the youngest son of Roger Kemble (q.v.). Born at Brecon, in South Wales, November 25, 1775, he received his education, like his brother, John Philip (q.v.), at Douai, and like him also, on his return to England, devoted himself to the stage. In April, 1794, he made his first appearance at Drury Lane as Malcolm in MacBeth. In the course of his career he played a great variety of characters with steadily growing success, being in his earlier parts overshadowed ​by his elder brother's reputation. Among his best roles are Mercutio, Laertes, Macduff, and Mirabel. Macready's epigrammatic characterization of him is well known — 'A first-rate actor in second-rate parts.' He married in 1806 the actress Marie Thérèse De Camp. In 1832-34 he visited America with his daughter Fanny, and made a great sensation. He retired from the stage in April, 1840, and died November 12, 1854. Consult his daughter's Record of a Girlhood (London, 1878); Fitzgerald, The Kembles (London, 1871); Oxberry, Dramatic Biography (London, 1826); Lane (ed.), Charles Kemble's Shakespeare Readings (2d ed., London, 1879); Matthews, Actors and Actresses of Great Britain and the United States, vol. ii. (New York, 1886); Doran, Annals of the Stage (ed. by Lowe, London, 1888).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Kemble, Adelaide

Edition of 1905. See also Adelaide Kemble on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​KEMBLE, kĕm’b’l, Adelaide (1814-79). An English opera singer and author. Of a famous dramatic family, being a daughter of Charles Kemble (q.v.), niece of Mrs. Siddons, and the sister of Fanny Kemble, she devoted herself to musical studies, and began public life with great promise as an operatic singer. Her English debut was at Covent Garden, in 1841, after she had already appeared in several Italian cities, with ever-increasing celebrity. In 1843, after a short though brilliant professional career, she married Mr. Edward Sartoris, an Italian gentleman of fortune, and retired to his estates in Italy. She published A Week in a French Country House (1867), and other literary work. In May, 1874, her son, Algernon Charles Sartoris, married the daughter of President Grant. Consult: Fanny Kemble (Mrs. Butler), Record of a Girlhood (London, 1878) ; id., Records of Later Life (ib., 1882).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Kelvin, Lord

Edition of 1905. See also Lord Kelvin on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​KEL’VIN, Lord. See Thomson, Sir William.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Kelung

Edition of 1905. See also Keelung on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​KELUNG, kē’lung’, or KILUNG. A seaport with a good harbor on the north coast of Formosa (q.v.), in latitude 25° 9' N., longitude 121° 47' E., included in the consular district of Tamsui (Map:Japan, E 7). It lies at the head of a deep bay, which is guarded by Kelung Island, which lies about two miles off shore. The scenery behind the town is very striking. The principal export is coal. In 1901 there were 73 coal-mines in the neighborhood (covering an area of 30 square miles), 42 of which were in operation. The output in that year was 62,547 tons. The coal produced is brittle, but has great heating power. There are also five gold-mines in the neighborhood, but in 1901 only three were worked: product 1652 ounces. The sulphur-mines are five miles distant. Kelung is connected by rail with Dai-hoku (in Chinese Tai-peh), the capital, and with Shin-chiku, 63 miles farther south, and is connected with Tamsui via Dai-hoku.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Kelts

Edition of 1905. See also Celts on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​KELTS. See Celtic Peoples.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Kelton, John Cunningham

Edition of 1905. See also John C. Kelton on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​KEL’TON. John Cunningham (1828— ). An American soldier, born in Delaware County, Pa. He graduated at West Point in 1851; undertook frontier service as a lieutenant of infantry in Minnesota, Kansas, and Dakota for six years, and then returned to West Point as instructor in the use of small arms. His career in the Civil War began at Saint Louis (1861), where he was a purchasing agent for the Western Department, but the same year he was made colonel of the Ninth Missouri Volunteers, a commission he held until 1862, when he became assistant adjutant-general on the staff of Major-General Halleck. For his valuable services, active and executive, he was brevetted brigadier-general in the Regular Army (1865), and after the war was a staff colonel and assistant adjutant-general at Washington, where he invented some improved rifles and revolvers that were accepted by the Ordnance Department. He published a Manual of the Bayonet (1861), and other works on military topics.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Keltic Church

Edition of 1905. See also Celtic Christianity on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​KEL’TIC CHURCH. See Celtic Church.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Kelt

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​KELT (Scottish). Young salmon in a certain stage of growth. See Salmon.