# The miscellaneous botanical works of Robert Brown/Volume 1/Index

The page range "457—563" under "Ovarium, origin of various forms of compound" is a typographic error for "557—563".
INDEX.
Abelia, resupination of its perfect ovula, 448–9
Abyssinia, list of new and rare plants collected in, by H. Salt, Esq., 91; Flora of, has but little affinity to that of the West Coast of Africa, 162
Acacia, reason why the leafless species of, form one of the most striking features of the vegetation of Terra Australis, 23, 62; species found in the interior of New Holland, 339
Acanthaceæ, observations on the species found in the vicinity of the Congo, 134
Acrostichum aureum, identity of African and American specimens, 169
Acrostichum calomelanos and its allies, the fine powder on their under surface entirely composed of simple molecules and their primary fibre-like compounds, 473
Acrostichum velleum,the only Acotyledonous plant in the collection from Central Africa, 303
Adanson, number of plants collected by him in Senegal, 100
Adhesion of the funiculus to the septum as a generic character in Cruciferæ, 262, 268
Æstivation, form of, in Cleome pentaphylla, Crateva and Resedaceæ, 273, 279
Afzelius, Adam, number of species of plants collected by him at Sierra Leone, 101, 152
Africa, Central, observations on plants of, collected by Oudney, Denham, and Clapperton, 257
Agathis, origin of the ovulum in, 458; analogy of male and female organs in, 461
Albumen, how formed, 451–2; peculiarities of, in various plants, 452
Alsodeia includes Ceranthera, Passalia, Conohoria, Rinorea, Riana, Passura, Piparea, and Physiphora, probably Pentaloba, and perhaps Lauradia, 123–4
Alsodinæ, a section of Violeæ, 123
Amnios, how developed, 451
Amygdaleæ, a distinct order of the class Rosaceæ, 115
Amyrideæ, observations on the order, and on the species found in the vicinity of the Congo, 112
Anona Senegalensis, a very general plant along the whole of the West Coast of Africa, 153
Anonaceæ, Eupomatia referred to, 74; observations on the species found in the vicinity of the Congo, 105
Antheræ and Pistilla, analogy of composition in, 378–380 note; proved by the transformation of one into the other in cases of monstrosity, 379 note; differences in vascularity, &c., between the two organs, ibid.
Anthera of Rafflesia, structure of, 377–383; principal forms of, in Phænogamous plants, 378–381; supposed regular type, 378; principal deviations from. 379–381; reduced development in many Labiatæ, in Epacrideæ, Polygaleæ, some genera of Acanthaceæ, Westringia, Anisomeles, and Maranteæ, 380; increased development in many Scitamineæ, Orchideæ, and Laurineæ and in Ægiceras, ibid.; reduced and increased development coexisting in the same organ, as in the greater number of Salviæ, and ​in certain species of Viscum, 380–1; deviations in the regular mode of bursting, as in Dillenia and Solanum, in several Ericinæ, in Tetratheca, Hamamelideæ, Berberideæ, several Laurinæ, and certain species of Rhizophora, 381; structure altered or disguised, as in Myristica, Canella, and several Aroideæ, in Cissampelos, Conospermum, and Synaphea, ibid.; various views of the structure in Rafflesia, 381–3; not obviously reconcileable to any hypothesis of a common type, 405 note.
Anthers of Cycadeæ, 459–60.
Anthocleista, a genus related to Apocineæ, observations on, and its affinities, 133
Apex of the nucleus regarded as the point of impregnation of the ovulum, 453; has no organic connection with the parietes of the ovarium, 454
Aphyteia, compared with Rafflesia, structure of antheræ in, 388, 396–7, 401, 461 (see Hydnora)
Apocineæ, observations on the order, and on its distribution in Terra Australis, 37; further observations on the order, and on new genera belonging to it, found in the vicinity of the Congo, 133; no species in the collection from Central Africa, 295
Apodantheæ, a tribe allied to Rafflesiaceæ, 411 note, 424; its characters, 429
Apodanthes, its characters, 430
Apostasia, position of lateral stamina in, 499; composition of stigma in, 503; placentæ of the trilocular ovarium opposite to the three outer divisions of perianthium in, 560–1
Aquilarinæ, regarded either as a distinct familv, or as a section of Chailleteæ, 126
Arachis hypogæa, of the banks of the Congo, doubtful whether indigenous or introduced, 159; its remarkable geographical distribution, 159–60
Araucaria, origin of the ovulum in, 458; analogy of male and female organs in, 461
Areola or nucleus of the cell in Orchideæ, 511–14; in other Monocotyledonous and Dicotyledonous plants, 513
Arillus, of rare occurrence, how distinguished, 449
Arnold, Dr. Joseph, his account of the discovery and description of the gigantic flower, afterwards named Rafflesia, 370—373
Aroideæ, peculiar structure of the embryo in the seeds of certain, 365
Artocarpeæ, characters of the order, and observation on the species found in the vicinity of the Congo, 138
Asarinæ, compared with Rafflesia, 384–5, 389, 392
Asclepiadeæ, observations on the order, and on its distribution in Terra Australis, 37; on the species found in the vicinity of the Congo, 134; in Central Africa, 295; observations on the organs and mode of fecundation in, 487–543; supplementary observations on, 545–551; on the structure of the pollen mass in, 522–525; the pollen grains, 524; removal of the pollen masses from their usual place, 524; how placed in the fissures formed by the alæ of the antheræ, 525; their tubes, how produced, 525; direction of the cords to the apex of the style, 525–6; and as far as the commencement of the placenta, 526; dehiscence of pollen mass uniformly on the more rounded edge, 527; application of pollen mass of one species to the stigma of another, 528: pollen tube traced to its attachment at a definite point on the surface of the ovula, 549
Asclepias, structure of the pollen mass in various species of, 523
Asclepias phytolaccoides, pollen tubes traced to a definite point of attachment on the surface of its ovula, 549; description of the ovulum in, 549–50; changes of the ovulum in, after the insertion of the pollen tube, 550–1
Asphodeleæ, observations on the order ​and on its distribution in Terra Australis, 50
Asteranthus, characters of the genus, 388 note.
Astranthus referred to Homalinæ, 120
Atherospermeæ, characters of the order and its distribution in Terra Australis, 25
Australia, Central, plants found in Captain Sturt's expedition into, 313; number of species collected, 315
Avena Forskalii forms a section of the genus Danthonia; its characters, and observations on its structure, 301-2
Averrhoa, its relation to Oxalis determined, 114
Baffin's Bay, list of plants collected on the coasts of, by the officers of Captain Ross's voyage, 175
Balanites Ægyptiaca found in Bornou, 287
Balanophoreæ, objections to their union in the same class with Rafflesiaceæ, 412—415
Banana of the banks of the Congo, probably of Asiatic origin, 156; further observations on the native country of the bananas, 156-7
Banks, Sir Joseph, New Holland plants collected by him and contained in his herbarium, 6
Barren stamina in Orchideæ, 48; in Proteaceæ, 81, 83
Bauer, Ferdinand and Francis, their unrivalled talent as botanical painters, 402 note
Bauer, Ferdinand, drawings made by him in New Holland, 3; his drawings of Hydnora Africana, 402
Bauer, Francis, his opinion on the placentation of Mosses, 348; his drawings of Rafflesia Arnoldi, 373, 401, 408, 409; his theory of impregnation in Orchideæ, 496—498; his view of the formation of the ovarium in Orchideæ, 561; his drawings of Asclepiadeæ,, and opinion respecting their mode of impregnation, 519, 520, 522 note, 523
Baxter, William, plants collected by, in Western Australia, 338; found Kingia both in flower and fruit, 435
Begonia, a genus which it is perhaps expedient to divide, 150
Begoniaceæ form a distinct natural order, 150
Belvisia, observations on, 388; character of the genus, 388 note
Belviscæ, characters of the order, 38S note
Berberideæ, characters and limits of the order, 124
Beverley, Mr., plants collected by him in Melville Island, 185
Blackwellia referred to Homalinæ, 120
Blighia sapida, undoubtedly introduced into the West Indies from Africa, 161-2
Bonatea speciosa, remarkable for the great development of its lateral stigmata, 503, 504; origin, production, growth and function of pollen tubes in, 537—540; viscidity of retinaculum in, 538
Boragineæ, species in the collection from Central Africa, 297
Bragantia referrible to Asarinæ, 385; a new species of, discovered in Java by Dr. Horsfield, 385
Brass, William, number of species collected by him in the neighbourhood of Cape Coast, 101
Brongniart, Adolphe, his observations on the size, form, and motion of particles from the grains of pollen, 478-9; his observations on the fecundation of Orchideæ and Asclepiadeæ, 541-2
Brown, Mr., the companion of Captain Sturt, plants collected by him in Central Australia, 315
Brugmansia, Dr. Blume's account of the genus, 402; its characters, 427
Bulb-like seeds of certain liliaceous plants, their structure and economy, 364-5, 450.
Burton, David, plants collected by him in New South Wales, 6
Butomeæ, arrangement of ovula on the carpels of, 379 note, 555
Buttneriaceæ. characters of the order ​and its distribution in Terra Australis, 11, 12
Buxbaumia, character of the genus, and observations on its structure and affinities, 351
Bywater, Mr., his microscopical observations referred to, 485-6
Cadaba farinosa, observations on, 276
Cæsalpineæ, observations on the order and on its distribution in Terra Australis, 23; species found in the vicinity of the Congo, 110; in Central Africa, 294
Caley, George, plants collected by him in New South Wales, 6; species of Eucalyptus observed by him, 18
Calyx, position of the fifth segment in reference to the axis of the spike in Polygaleæ, Lobeliaceæ, Leguminosæ, and Rosaceæ, 292
Calyx and corolla, distinction between, illustrated by Euthales and Velleia, 33; by Franklandia, 81
Canna Indica, probably of American origin, 158
Canneæ, structure of flower in, 49
Capparideæ belonging to the same natural class as Cruciferæ, 272; observations on the order and on the species found in Central Africa, 272—280; number of placentæ in, 273
Capparis sodada, observations on, and on another species from Central Africa, 279, 280
Capsicum, arguments in favour of its American origin, 158
Carallia, why referred to Rhizophoreæ, 119
Carex, structure of flower, 54
Caryophylleæ, species of, in the collection from Central Africa, 285
Cassava brought from America to the banks of the Congo, 155
Cassia, observations on the phyllodineous species of, 327, 339; and on those with a single pair of caducous foliola, &c., ib.
Cassuviæ, observations on the order and the species found in the vicinity of the Congo, 112
Casuarina, spiral vessels in the seeds of, 46, 549
Casuarineæ, observations on the order, and on its distribution in Terra Australis, 45
Cedreleæ not found in Africa, 151
Celastrinæ, characters of the order and observations on its distribution in Terra Australis, 27
Centrophorum, a genus of grasses formed on an erroneous conception of its characters, 302
Ceropegia, spiral fibres in the hairs of the corolla in, 549
Chailleteæ, characters and affinities of the order, with observations on the species found in the vicinity of the Congo, 125
Chalaza, its function, 440; merely the termination of raphe, 450
Chenopodeæ, how distinguished from Urticeæ, 138; and from Phytolaceæ, 139
Chloris Melvilliana, 183
Chrysobalaneæ, distinctive characters of the order, enumeration of the genera composing it, and observations on the species found in the vicinity of the Congo, 115
Circulation in threads or currents in the cells of the jointed hairs of the filaments of Tradescantia Virginica, 513 note.
Cistineæ found in Central Africa, 288; difficulty regarding the mode of impregnation in, 453
Clapperton, Captain, plants collected by, in Central Africa, 257, 259, 303
Clarckia pulchella, form of particles within the grains of pollen in, 466-7; motions of the particles, ibid.
Cleome, observations on the genus, its subdivisions, and the species found in Central Africa, 273—276
Cleome (Gymnogonia) pentaphylla, regarded as a native of Africa and India, 275
Clianthus, observations on the New Holland species of, 321-2; on Clianthus Dampieri, ibid. and 339.
Cochlearia armoracia, monstrosities in, illustrating the origin of ovula, 563
Cocoinæ, a very natural section of the order Palmæ, 141
​Cocos Indica, its remarkable geographical distribution, 141, 149; not seen on the banks of the Congo, 161
Cola, the African name of the seed of Sterculia acuminata, 153
Colchicum, on the genus and its subdivisions, and on the species in the collection from Central Africa, 298—300
Collomia, spiral vessels in the seeds of, 549
Combretaceæ, character of the order and observations on its distribution in Terra Australis, 19
Compositæ, observations on the class and its distribution in Terra Australis, 30; on the species found in the vicinity of the Congo, 128; proportions of the order in various countries, 128-9; species found in in Central Africa, 295; ovulum of, how differing from the usual structure, 448
Confluence, explanation of the sense in which the term is used, 562-3
Congo, observations on the Herbarium collected by Professor Christian Smith in the vicinity of the, 97; number of species in the Herbarium, 99; proportion of Dicotyledonous, Monocotyledonous, and Acotyledonous, 100; comparison with collections from other parts of the West Coast of Africa, found by Adanson, Smeathman, Brass, and Afzelius, ibid.; the vegetation of its banks compared with other parts of the West Coast of Africa, 152—162; with the flora of Abyssinia and Egypt, 162; of South Africa, 163; of the Cape de Verd Islands, St. Helena, Madagascar, and the Isles of France and Bourbon, 163; of India, 163-4; of Equinoctial America, ibid.; proportion of new genera and species in the Congo Herbarium, 172; esculent plants of, 154-162.
Coniferæ, observations on the order, and on its distribution in Terra Australis, 46; on the structure of the female parts of fructification, ibid.; on the plurality and development of the embryos in the seeds of, 565—575; memoir on the development of the embryo in Coniferæ, by MM. de Mirbel and Spach, 572-3; areolæ or corpuscula observed in all the European genera of, by Dr. Schleiden, 574; agreement of structure between axis of stem and strobilus in, 588
Coniferæ and Cycadeæ, on the structure of the female flower in, 453—461; the ovulum naked in, 453; plurality of embryos in, 455; opinions of authors respecting, 455-7
Connaraceæ, observations on the order and its distinguishing characters, and on the species found in the vicinity of the Congo, 112
Convolvulaceæ, observations on the species found in the vicinity of the Congo, 135; in Central Africa, 296
Convolvulus Batatas not met with on the banks of the Congo, 161
Cotyledons, on the value of certain modifications of the cotyledons in characterising sections and genera in Cruciferæ, 263
Cratæva, observations on the genus, its characters, and distribution, 277-8
Cratæva Adansonii, the only known African species, 277
Cruciferæ form with Capparideæ, Resedaceæ, Papaveraceæ and Fumariaceæ, a natural class, 272
Cruciferæ, observations on the structure and arrangement of the order, and on the species found in Central Africa, 261—272; on the structure of the dissepiment, 269—271; on the structure of the pistillum in, 270 note; stigmata and placentæ of the adjoining cells confluent in, 559
Cryptogamous plants, number of published species [in 1814], 7; number of Australian species known [in 1814], 7; proportion of in Terra Australis, 9; how far this proportion is influenced by climate, 9
Cucurbitaceæ, their relation to Passifloreæ, 121; anthers of, 461
Cultivated plants of the banks of the Congo, chiefly introduced, 155
​Cunningham, Allan, plants collected by, in various parts of New Holland, 338; examined Kingia in its native place, 435
Cunninghamia, origin of the ovulum in, 458; analogy of male and female organs in, 461; note on its nomenclature, 461
Cunoniaceæ, character of the order, and observations on its distribution in Terra Australis, 20
Cuticular pores (stomata) not found on the surface of the column, perianthium, or bracteæ of Rafflesia, 377; do not perhaps exist in the imperfect leaves of plants parasitic on roots, ibid.
Cycadeæ not found in equinoctial Africa, 149
Cycadeæ, plurality of embryos in, known to M. de Mirbel in 1810, 573; corpuscula within the apex of the albumen of, noticed by Du Petit Thouars in 1804, ibid.; formation of corpuscula in the albumen of, entirely independent of male influence, 575
Cycadeæ and Coniferæ, on the structure of the female flower in, 453–461, 568; the ovulum naked in, 453; arguments in favour of this view, 454; objections to it, 454, 455; plurality of embryos in, 455, 568; opinions of authors regarding, 455—457; Linnæus, 455; Trew, 456; Jussieu, 456; Lambert, 456; Salisbury, 456; Mirbel and Schoubert, 456; Richard, 457; origin of the ovulum, 458-9; analogy of male and female flowers in 458—461; pollen and antheræ of, 459, 460
Cycas, origin of the ovulum in, 458; analogy of male and female flowers in, 459
Cynanchum (Vincetoxicum) nigrum, its pollen masses and their phenomena observed, 529
Cyperaceæ, observations on the order, and on its distribution in Terra Australis, 54; further observations on the order, its proportions, geographical distribution, and the species found in the vicinity of the Congo, 142; in Central Africa, 300
Cypripedium, position of lateral stamina in, 499; composition of stigma in, 503; structure of its flower described, 561
Cytineæ, a tribe of Rafflesiaceæ, 411; its characters, 428
Cytinus, nearly related to Asarinæ, 385; and to Rafilesia, 396; compared with Rafflesia, 404—410; structure of its ovarium, 404-5; mucous tubes of its pollen observed, 407-8; seeds and embryo, 410; its characters, 428; characters of species, 428-9
Cytisus Cajan of the banks of the Congo, probably introduced from India, 159
Dacrydium, structure of the ovulum in, 455; origin of the ovulum, 458; analogy of male and female organs in, 460
Dampier, William, plants brought by him from Shark's Bay and other parts of the W. Coast of New Holland, 7
Datisceæ form an order very distinct from Resedaceæ, 285
Dawsonia, character of the genus, and observations on its affinities, 348—351
Denham, Major, plants collected by, in Central Africa, 257, 303
Deviation in number of parts, in some instances derived not from suppression but from confluence, 39
Dilleniaceæ, observations on the order and its distribution in Terra Australis, 12
Dioscorea of the banks of the Congo, probably a native species, 160
Diosmeæ, observations on the order and its distribution in Terra Australis, 16
Dissepiment in Cruciferæ, its value in the formation of genera, 269—271
Dracaena Draco, its anatomical structure, 439
Drummond, Dr. James, his observations on moving particles in the eyes of fishes, 484-5
East Coast of equinoctial Africa, relation of its vegetation to that of the West Coast, 162 ​Edwards, Mr., plants collected by him in Melville Island, 185, 194
Ehrenberg, C. G., his account of the structure of the pollen masses in Asclepiadeæ, 521, 522 note; his further observations on the sexual organs of, 542-3
Elæagneæ, how distinguished from Proteaceæ, 82
Elæis, monœcious and not diœcious, 140; situation of the foramina in its putamen, 140; its remarkable geographical distribution, 141; undoubtedly indigenous to the whole of the West Coast of Africa, 161
Embryo, on the plurality and development of, in the seeds of Coniferæ, 565—575
Epacrideæ, observations on the order and on its distribution in Terra Australis, 38; hardly exists in the interior, 339
Ephedra has a naked ovulum, 453; structure of the nucleus in, 455
Epistephium, M. Achille Richard's ideas of the structure of an Orchideous flower derived from, 501, 561
Eremophila, observations on the genus and its species, 332-3; characteristic of the vegetation of the interior of N. Holland, 339
Erythrophleum, observations on the genus, 111, 153, 290, 291
Erythrospermum, its affinities, 121
Eucalyptus, reason why the species forms one of the most striking features in the vegetation of Terra Australis, 18, 62, 317; origin of the operculum, 75; species found by Mr. Fraser at Swan River, 311; species found in the interior of New Holland, 339
Eudesmia, its relation to Eucalyptus, 75
Eugenia, species of, in which the integument of the seed is absorbed before its separation from the parent plant, 364
Euonymus, resupination of its ovula, 448-9
Euphorbia, the author's view of the structure of the genus, 28; a frutescent species with cylindrical stem and branches, observed in the vicinity of the Congo, 128
Euphorbiaceæ, observations on the order, and on its distribution in Terra Australis, 28; on the species found in the vicinity of the Congo, 127; the double stigmata of many species of, 559
Eupomatia, how shown to belong to Anonaceæ, 74
Farsetia, character of the genus and observations on its structure, especially as regards its dissepiment, 269
Fecundation, observations on the organs and mode of, in Orchideæ and Asclepiadeæ, 487—543; supplementary observations on 545—551; various opinions on the subject, in Orchideæ, 490-8; in Asclepiadeæ, 516—521; as held in Orchideæ by Haller, Adanson, 490, Curtis, C. K. Sprengel, Wachter, Schkuhr, Swartz, 491; Salisbury, L. C. Treviranus, Ad. Brongniart, Linnaeus, Schmidel, 402; Koelreuter, Jonathan Stokes, Batsch, L. C. Richard, 493; du Petit Thouars, 494; Link, Lindley, 495; Francis Bauer, 496-8; and in Asclepiadeæ by Adanson, Gleichen, 516, 517; C. K. Sprengel, 513; Francis Bauer, 519; Elliott, Macbride, Link, L. C. Treviranus, 520; Ehrenberg, 521
Filices, observations on the order, and on its distribution in Terra Australis, 59; on the venation of, and the relation of the involucra to veins in various subdivisions of the genus Asplenium, 60; further observations on the order, on its proportions, and geographical distribution, and on the species found in the vicinity of the Congo, 148
Fisher, Mr., plants collected by him in Melville Island. 185
Flagellaria, observations on the genus, 52
Flinders, Matthew, his survey of the coasts of Terra Australis, 3
Flindersia, in what respects it differs from Cedreleæ, 72
Flower, the regular alternation of the divisions of the proximate organs, ​the more general arrangement, 292; admits of many exceptions, ibid.
Foramen of the testa infallibly indicates the place of the future radicle, 264, 446; observed in Rafflesia, 406; in Hydnora, 407
Franklandia, observations on the genus, 81
Fraser, Charles, his report on the botany of Swan River, and collections formed there by him, 307, 338
Fruits, indigenous fruits of Western Africa, 155
Fruits and seeds, on some remarkable deviations from the usual structure of, 357
Fuirena umbellata, identity of African and American specimens, 169
Gaudichaud, specimens of the caudex of a species of Xanthorrhoea, brought by him from Port Jackson, 439
Genera, geographical distribution of, a clue to the native country of plants now generally dispersed, 149, 156
Gentianeæ, only one species in the collection from Central Africa, 295; position of their carpels, 562
Geraniaceæ found in Central Africa, 288
Glands on the receptacle in several genera of Cruciferæ, their number and position, 267; cutaneous (stomata) found on both surfaces of the leaves and foliaceous footstalks of the genus Eucalyptus, and of the leafless Acaciæ, and assisting to give a peculiar character to the Australian forests, 312; generally found on the under surface only, ibid.; rarely, as in several Coniferæ, only on the upper, ibid.
Gleichen, his description of the organs and mode of fecundation in Asclepiadeæ, 516-7.
Gloriosa, observations on the genus and on the identity of African and Indian specimens, 170
Glycine subterranea, probably of African origin, 160
Gnetum, the ovulum naked in, 453; structure of the nucleus in, 455
Goodenoviæ, observations on the order, and its distribution in Terra Australis, 31; comparison with Lobelia, 32; pollen of, remains long quiescent, 33, 575
Gramineæ, observations on the order, and its distribution in Terra Australis, 54; proportion of the order to Monocotyledons, ibid.; subdivisible into two great tribes, Poaceae and Paniceæ, 55-8; structure of the flower and analogy of its parts, 55-6; further observations on the order, and on its proportions and geographical distribution, 145; on the species found in the vicinity of the Congo, 146; in Central Africa, 288, 300; proportion of the two great divisions in the collection from Central Africa, ibid.; stigmata of, 559
Grammitis Ceterach, the only fern in Mr. Ritchie's collection from the neighbourhood of Tripoli, 303
Griffith, William, his "attempt to analyse Rhizantheæ," 423
Gulf-weed, on the origin and propagation of the, 577—582; whether originally destitute of roots, 581; existence of dots in, 583
Gunn, Ronald, plants collected by, in Van Diemen's Land, 338
Habenaria bifolia, monstrosity of, unfavorable to the theory of the auriculæ of the column representing lateral stamina, 500; H. viridis, mucous tubes inserted into the aperture of ovulum in, 540 note.
Halorageæ, observations on the order and on its distribution in Terra Australis, 21
Hibbertia volubilis, its arillus, 449
Hibiscus tiliaceus, identity of specimens from the Congo and from India, 171
Hippocraticeæ, observations on the order and on the species found in the vicinity of the Congo, 107
Holcus, a cultivated species of, on the banks of the Congo, probably indigenous, 160
Homalinæ, characters of the order, and observations on the species found in the vicinity of the Congo, 120
​Hooker, Dr. Joseph Dalton, his discovery of sporules in Lepidostrobus, 588; his essay on Lepidostrobus, 589, 590
Horsfield, Dr. Samuel, drawings and specimens of Rafflesia Arnoldi, brought to England by, 373; account of a figure of a second species of Rafflesia observed by him in Java, 388-9
Hove, Mr., plants collected by him in the vicinity of Cape Coast, 152
Hoya carnosa, dehiscence of its pollen mass, 527; rupture of the mass and production of pollen tubes, 529, 530; circulation in its pollen-tubes, 530 note
Hydnora compared with Rafflesia, 388, 396-7, 401—410; structure of its ovarium, 404; ovula, 407; seeds and embryo, 409, 410; its characters, 427
Hydnora Africana, description of, 416–19; H. Americana, characters of, H. triceps, characters of, ibid.
Hydnoreæ, a tribe of Rafflesiaceæ, 411; its characters, 427
Hydroleæ, foundation of the order and its affinities, 135
Hydropeltideæ, a section of Nymphæaceæ, arrangement of ovula in, 556
Hymenanthera, a genus intermediate between Violeæ and Polygaleæ, 125
Hypælyptum, a corruption of the name Hypælytrum, 144
Hypælytrum, observations on the structure of the genus, 144-5
Hypoxideæ, characters of the order and observations on its distribution in Terra Australis, 51
Hypoxis fascicularis, a species of Colchicum of the section Monocaryum, 298—300
Impregnation, difficulties regarding the point of, in the ovulum, 453; mode of, in Orchideæ, 506—510; artificial impregnation in, 538; in Asclepiadeæ, 528-9
Insects, frequency and necessity of their aid in the impregnation of Orchideæ and Asclepiadeæ, 531; a single insect capable of impregnating many flowers, 538; insect-forms of flowers in Ophrys intended to deter and not to attract insects, 538
Irideæ, the double stigmata of several, 559; their relation to the cells of the ovarium in 559, 560
Jack, William, letter to Mr. Brown on the gigantic flower, afterwards called Rafflesia, 394
Junceæ, observations on the order, and on its distribution in Terra Australis, 52, 439; observations on Kingia, Dasypogon, Calectasia, and Xerotes, as referrible to the order, 439
King, Philip Parker, plants collected during his voyages round the coasts of New Holland, 338
Kingia, a plant of very similiar habit to Xanthorrhœa, 51, 435
Kingia, characters and description of the genus, 433—439; observations on its ovulum, 439, 447
Koniga, characters of the genus, with observations on its affinities and on the structure of its septum, 266, 268
Labiatæ form with Verbenaceæ, a natural class, 38, 135
Labiatæ, observations on the order, and on its distribution in Terra Australis, 38; on the species found in the vicinity of the Congo, 135; in Central Africa, 297
Lardizubaleæ, arrangement of ovula in the carpels of, 379 note, 555
Lasianthera, too imperfectly known lo determine its place, 151
Laurinæ, with the exception of Cassytha, supposed to be unknown on the continent of Africa, 150
Leea and Aquilicia, only different names for the same genus, 151; nearly related, if not absolutely belonging, to Viniferæ, ibid.
Legnotis, its characters and affinity, 119
Leguminosæ, a natural class divisible into at least three orders, 22; number of species published, and of species found in Terra Australis, 22; of species found in the vicinity ​of the Congo, 110; proportion of, to Phænogamous plants, 110; species found in Central Africa, 288; characters distinguishing Leguminosæ from Rosaceæ and Polygaleæ, 291-2; relation of pistillum to calyx and axis of spike, 292—294
Lemna, ovulum of, in what respect differing from the usual structure, 448
Leontice thalictroides, its supposed fruit a naked seed, which had burst its pericarpium in a very early stage, 361
Lepidodendron, affinity of Triplosporite to, 588
Lepidostrobus, its analogy with Triplosporite, 583, and probable generic identity with, 589-90
Leptostomum, character of the genus, and observations on its structure and affinities, 352—355
Liliaceæ, peculiarity in the winged seeds of certain, 449
Liliaceous plants, bulb-like seeds of certain, their structure and economy, 361-2
Lime of the banks of the Congo, probably of Asiatic origin, 156
Lindley, Dr. John, his hypothesis of the structure of Reseda, 283-4; his idea of impregnation in Orchideæ, 495; and of the structure of the ovarium in Orchideæ and Orobancheæ, 557—562
Lobelia, divisible perhaps into several genera, 33
Lobeliaceæ, proposed as a separate order, 33
Lockhart, David, plants collected by him on the banks of the Congo, 99, 173
Loganieæ, an order or section intermediate to Rubiaceæ and Apocineæ; observations on the order and on its distribution in Terra Australis, 37; further observations on the order and on the genera composing it, 132; its only combining character, perhaps not more than of generic importance, 132
Lolium perenne, supposed molecular motion in the grains of pollen, possibly a circulation of the granules, 530 note
Lomentaceæ, observations on the order and on its natural distribution in Terra Australis, 23
Loranthus and Viscum form a distinct family, 129
Lunaria Libyca, constitutes with Alyssum maritimum a genus to be called Koniga, 265
Lycopodiaceæ, affinity of Triplosporite to, 588
Mærua rigida, characters and description, with observations on its structure and affinities, 280-1 and note
Magnoliaceæ, form a natural class, with Dilleniaceæ, 13; not found in Africa, 151
Maize, brought from America to the banks of the Congo, 155
Malpighiaceæ, observations on the order, and on the species found in the vicinity of the Congo, 105
Manioc brought from America to the banks of the Congo, 155
Malvaceæ, a natural class, including Malvaceæ, Juss.; Sterculiaceæ, Vent.; Chlenaceæ, Du Petit Th.; Tiliaceæ, Juss.; and Buttneriaceæ, R. Br., 11; Hermanniaceæ added, 109; observations on the class, 109; species found in Central Africa, 288
Malvaceæ, observations on the order, and on its distribution in Terra Australis, 11; on the species found in the vicinity of the Congo, 109
Mangroves, enlargement of the embryo, and its consequences, in various species of true and spurious, 363-4
Maranteæ, structure of flower in, 49
Melanthaceæ, observations on the order and on the species in the collection from Central Africa, 298
Melastomaceæ, observations on the order, and on the species found in the vicinity of the Congo, 117; partial cohiesion of ovarium in several genera of the order, and peculiar function of the tubular interstices for the lodgment of the inflected antheræ, 117; limits, structure, and generic division of the order, 118; Memecylon and Petaloma both belong to it, 118
Melville Island, list of plants collected ​at, by the officers of Captain Parry's voyage, 183
Memecylon belongs to Melastomaceæ, 118
Menzies, Archibald, plants collected by him at King George's Sound, 6
Mesembryanthemum, arrangement of ovules in many species of, 556
Microscopical observations on the particles contained in the pollen of plants, and on the general existence of active molecules in organic and inorganic bodies, 463, 486; lenses used in the observations, 465 note, 480
Mimoseæ, observations on the order, and on its distribution in Terra Australis, 22; species found in the vicinity of the Congo, 110; species found in Central Africa, 288
Mirbel, MM. de, and Spach, memoir on the development of the embryo in Coniferæ, by, 572-3
Mitchell, Sir Thomas, plants collected by, in the interior of Australia, 315, 339
Molecules, active, on the general existence of, in organic and inorganic bodies, 463—486; in the grains of pollen of Clarckia pulchella, and other plants of the order Onagrariæ, 467, and in many other families of Phænogamous plants, 468; in Asclepiadeæ, ibid.; in Gramineæ, 468 and note; in Periploceæ, Apocineæ, and Orchideæ, 469; motion continued long after the death of the plant, 469; in the supposed stamina of Mosses and Equisetum, 469-70; in all organic tissues, animal or vegetable, living or dead, 470-1; in various products of organic bodies, recent and fossil, 471; in inorganic bodies of all kinds, 471-2; not affected by intense heat, 473; combinations of, forming fibrils, 473; their form, 473-4; whether of uniform size, 473-4, 480; substances from which they had not been obtained, 475; not stated to be animated, 478; nor to agree in all their properties and functions, 480; general result of the inquiry, 481; supposed causes of motion examined, 481—483; molecular motion confounded with animalcular by Leeuwenhoek and by Stephen Gray, 483; by Needham and Buffon, 483-4; observed by Gleichen, Wrisberg, Müller, Dr. James Drummond; observations on Mr. Bywater's microscopical observations, 485
Monocotyledons, difficultv of defining several of the orders of, and secondary characters consequently employed for that purpose, 52
Monodora myristica, probably introduced into the West Indies from Africa, 162
Moringa appears to form an insulated genus or family, Moringeæ, 204
Mosses, observations on the parts of fructification in, 313; Hedwig's account of the sexes in, maintained, 345; Palisot de Beauvois's theory of, controverted, ibid.; examination of the ripe capsule in Funaria hygrometrica, 347; and in other species, 348
Musa, observations on the structure of the flower in the genus, 157 note
Musanga, a genus of Artocarpeæ, observations on its structure and affinities, 138
Myoporinæ, observations on the order and on its distribution in Terra Australis, 40, 339
Myrianthus, a genus of Artocarpeæ, observations on its affinities and structure, 138
Myrsineæ, not yet met with in equinoctial Africa, 150
Myrtaceæ, observations on the order and on its distribution in Terra Australis, 18
Mystropetalon, a new and remarkable genus of Balanophoreæ, 414 and note
Myzodendron, nearly related to Loranthaceæ, 413 note; peculiarities of its vascular tissue, ibid.; and in the structure of its flower and fruit, ibid.
Myzodendreæ, a sub-order or tribe of Loranthaceæ, 413 note; approaches Santalaceæ, ibid.
​Naked seeds, improperly so-called, defined as Akena or Caryopsis, 360; how distinguishable, ibid.; sometimes originate in a premature rupture of the ovarium, 360; illustrated by various examples, 361-4
Napimoga, perhaps not different from Homalium, 120
Napoleona compared with Rafflesia, 387-8
Natural orders of plants, suggestion for combining them into natural classes, 10, 109; number of, in the publications of Jussieu and De Candolle, 10; number known in the Flora of Terra Australis [in 1814], 70; [in 1849], 338
Nelson, David, plants collected by him in Van Dieraen's Land, in Cooke's Third voyage, 6
Neottia picta, conversion of the two lateral divisions of the perianthium into stamina, 501
Nepenthes, peculiarity in the seeds of, 449
Neurada prostrata, found in central Africa, 288
Nisa referred to Homalinæ, 120
Nucleus, apex of the, regarded as the point of impregnation of the ovulum, 453
Nucleus of the cell in Orchideæ, 511—4; in other Monocotyledonous and Dicotyledonous plants, 513—4
Nuytsia floribuuda, named in honour of the discoverer of that part of the coast of New Holland, to which it is nearly limited, 308
Nymphæaceæ, genera belonging to, 451; explanation of the structure of the seed in, 451-2; arrangement of ovula in the carpels of, 377 note, 555
Olacinæ, observations on the order and its affinity to Santalaceæ; and on the species found in the vicinity of the Congo, 136
Olax, observations on the genus and its affinities, 44; on species found in the vicinity of the Congo, 136
Onagrariæ, molecules in the grains of pollen of various species of, 467
Opercularia, undoubtedly referrible to Rubiaceæ, 36
Ophrys, monstrosity of, described and figured by M. His, 501; impregnation in, generally effected without the aid of insects, 538
Ophrys apifera, mucous tubes inserted into the aperture of ovulum in, 540 note; cellular thread of ovulum in, 547
Ophioglosseæ, affinity of Triplosporite to, 588
Orange of the banks of the Congo, probably of Asiatic origin, 156
Orchideæ, observations on the order and on its distribution in Terra Australis, 48; structure of the flower approximated to the type of Monocotyledons, 48; compared with that of Scitamineæ, 49; modifications of antheræ of superior importance to those of labellum, 86; their simple or acotyledonous embryo, 414-5; observations on the organs and mode of fecundation in, 487—543; supplementary observations on, 545—551; opinions of various writers on, 490—8; origin of the stigmata and placenta; in, 560—2; cellular thread suspending the embryo in, 569; on the relation of the lateral stamina, 499; believed to be placed opposite to the lateral divisions of the inner series of perianthium, ibid.; auriculæ of the column in, 500; inner series of perianthium converted into stamina in, 501; composition of the stigma and ovarium in, 501—4; made up of three component parts, 502; Mr. Francis Bauer's views controverted, 502-3; functions of the different lobes of stigma, 503; relative position of stamina and stigmata, 504; development of unimpregnated ovulum, 504-5; conducting surfaces of the ovarium, 505-6; mode of impregnation in, 506—510; production and course of pollen tubes, 507—510; distinctive characters of the tubes, 507; generally very numerous and forming a cord dividing into six portions, passing along the conducting surfaces, 508; tubes separating and ​mixing with the ovula, 508; opinion of Professor Amici that they come into contact with the ovulum, 508-9; traced into the aperture of the ovulum, 510; the author not so far advanced, 509; origin of the pollen tubes, 509; their growth, 509, 510; a vital action, which may be excited by the stigma of another species, 509-510; their nutriment, whence derived, 510; effect of action of pollen on stigma, 510; subsequent changes in the ovulum, ibid.; formation of the embryo, ibid.; cellular thread passing from its apex to the apex of the original nucleus, 510, 511; changes in the embryo, 511; seed and its funiculus entirely without vessels, 511; areola, or nucleus of the cell, its position, &c. 511-514; spirally striated cells in, 514, 515, 548; raphides in, 515; mucous tubes in various species, ibid.; structure of fibrillæ, constituting the pubescence of the aerial roots in, 548
Orchideæ and Asclepiadeæ, analogy between the two orders, 530; in the presence of an additional part, consisting of a modification or production of the stigma, 530-1; in the frequency and necessity of the agency of insects in fecundation, 531; penetration of pollen tubes into the cavity of the ovarium, 531-2; function of the granules within the pollen tubes in reference to impregnation, 532
Orchideæ and Asclepiadeæ, supplementary observations on the fecundation of, 545—551
Orchis fusca, cellular thread of ovulum in, 547
Orchis Morio, mucous tubes entering the aperture of ovulum in, 540; cellular thread of ovulum in, 547
Orchis ustulata, cellular thread of ovulum in, 547
Orobancheæ, Mr. Lindley's idea of the placentation of, controverted, 562
Oudney, Dr. Walter, plants collected by in Central Africa, 257, 259, 200, 272
Oudneya, characters of the genus, and observations on its structure, 272
Ovarium, vascularity of, compared with that of the leaf, 379 note; theoretical view of the origin or formation of, 555; exceptions to the ordinary condition of, 555-6; origin of various forms of compound, 457—563; supposed exceptions in Orchideæ and Orobancheæ considered, 557—502
Ovulum, structure of the unimpregnated, in Cephalotus, indicates the position of the radicle of the future embryo, 77, 440; structure and development of in Rafflesia, and in Phænogamous plants generally, 406-7; in Hydnora and Cytinus, 407; structure of the uninipregnated, 439—452; in Kingia, 439; in Cephalotus, 77, 440; generally consists of two coats enclosing a nucleus, 440; origin and relation of the coats, and of the future embryo, 440-1; structure of ovulum, as described by Grew, Malpighi, Camerarius, Morland, Etienne Francois Geoffroy, Claude Joseph Geoffroy, Vaillant, Needham, Adanson, Spallanzani, Gærtner, Turpin, Richard, Mirbel, Auguste de Saint-Hilaire, Ludolf Christian Treviranus, Dutrochet, and Link, 442-7; in what respects the account given differs from all those observers, 447; exceptions to the general structure in Compositæ and Lemna, 448; importance of distinguishing between the coats of the ovulum and those of the ripe seed, 449; how determinable, 449—452; structure and development of unimpregnated, in Orchideæ, 504-5; in Asclepias, 549-550; the ovulum naked in Cycadeæ, Coniferæ, Ephedra, and Gnetum, 453; arguments in favour of this view. 454; objections to it, 454-5; origin of the ovulum in Cycadeæe and Coniferæ, 458-9
Ovules, their marginal insertion in the simple pistilla, and in the component parts of the compound ovarium, shown in various instances. 379 note; cases of apparent ​exception in Nymphæa, Nuphar, Butomeæ, Lardizabaleæ, ibid., 555; Hydropeltideæ, Mesembryanthemum, 556; explanation of, 556; belong to the transformed leaf, or carpel, and not derived from processes of the axis, 563; arrangement of in Cyrtandraceæ, 558; in Hydnora, Rafflesia, and Brugmansia, ibid.
Oxalideæ, distinction of the order, observation on its affinities, and on the genera composing it, 113-14
Palmæ, observations on the order and on its distribution in Terra Australis and New Zealand, 51; further observations on the order, on its distribution, and on the species found in the vicinity of the Congo, 140
Paniceæ, a tribe of Gramineæ, observations on the tribe and its distribution in Terra Australis and elsewhere, 57-8
Papaveraceæ, stigmata and placentæ of adjoining cells confluent in, 559
Papaw of the banks of the Congo, probably brought from America, 155; arguments in favour of its American origin, 158
Papilionaceæ, observations on the order, and on its distribution in Terra Australis, 21; species found in the vicinity of the Congo, 111; in Central Africa, 295
Parasites on roots, distinguishing characters of, in their leaves, seeds, and embryo, 391-2; modes of union between the stock and parasite, 392; no instance, at present, of parasites on roots originating from other parts of the plant, 395; found, however, to be the case in Rafflesia Arnoldi, 403.
Parasitism of Rafflesia discussed, 389—392; proved, 394-5; compared with Cytinus, Aphyteia, Cynomorium, and Balanophora, 391-2; mode of growth from the seed, and attachment to the stock in Rafflesiaceæ, 414 note
Park, Mungo, plants collected by him on the banks of the Gambia, 152
Parkia, characters of the genus and observations on the species composing it, 289 and note
Parnassia, stigmata and placentæ of adjoining cells confluent in, 559
Paropsia, its affinities, 121
Parry, Captain, list of plants collected at Melville Island, during the voyage of, 183, 195.
Passifloreæ, observations on, 121; regarded as forming a natural class, with Cucurbitaceæ and Homalinæ, 122; observations on the African species of, 150; compared with Rafflesia, 386-9
Paterson, Colonel, plants collected by him in New South Wales, and at Port Dalrymple, 6
Peliosanthes Teta, its seed becomes naked by the early rupture of the pericarpium, 362
Pennisetum trichotomum, a great annoyance to man and beast, 302-3
Petaloma belongs to Melastomaceæ, 118
Phænogamous plants, number of species in Persoon's Synopsis, 5; number of Australian species known [in 1814], 7; [in 1849], 338
Philydrum, observations on the genus, 53
Phyllocladus, analogy of male and female organs in, 460
Phytolaceæ, establishment of the order, observations on its structure and affinities, and on the species found in the vicinity of the Congo, 138
Pineapple of the banks of the Congo brought from America, 155
Pinus, origin of the ovulum in, 458; analogy of male and female organs in, 461; plurality of embryos in several species of, 568—572; the species of, well adapted for an investigation into the origin and development of the embryo, 569; early changes consequent on impregnation in, 569—571; separation of the amnios, 570; formation of cavity in, ibid.; development of funiculi, 577; formation of embryos, ibid.; ramification of funiculi, 577-8; each impregnated ovulum ​containing several funiculi, and each funiculus capable of producing several embryos, 572.
Piperaceæ very rare in equinoctial Africa, 149; explanation of the structure of their seeds, 452
Pittosporeæ, character of the order and observations on its distribution in Terra Australis, 13
Pistilla and Antheræ, analogy of composition in, 378—380 note; proved by the transformation of the one into the other in cases of monstrosity, 379 note
Pistillum of Phænogamous plants, observations on its composition, 269, 270 note; hypothetical view of the structure of the compound, 270 note; 299 note; relation of the single pistillum, and of the component parts of the compound to calyx and corolla, and to the axis of the spike, 292; relations of reduced pistilla, 292—291; complete number of pistilla and stamina equal to that of the divisions of calyx and corolla united, 293; this complete number equally rare in both the primary divisions of Phænogamous plants, ibid.; Monocaryum offers the only known example of reduction to a solitary pistillum in the great class Liliaceæ;, 299; its position in that section of Colchicum, 300; pistilla when of equal number usually placed opposite to the petals of Dicotyledons, and to the outer series of perianthium in Monocotyledons, 300
Placentæ, relations of stigmata and, 553—563; necessarily double, 556; their arrangement in the carpels, of various families and plants, 557-560; Cruciferæ, Papaveraceæ, Parnassia, Irideæ, 559; Orchideæ, 560-562; manifestly double and consequently marginal or submarginal in, 560; as in Monocotyledonous plants generally opposite to the three inner divisions of perianthium, ibid.; in Apostasia opposite to the three outer divisions, 560-1; in Scitamineæ, 561; placentæ of Orobancheæ double and submarginal, 562
Plantain of the banks of the Congo probably of Asiatic origin, 156
Plants, probable number of species in European Herbaria [in 1814], 7; proportion of Dicotyledonous' and Monocotyledonous in Persoon's Synopsis and in Terra Australis, 8; in the vicinity of the Congo, 101—106; how far this proportion is influenced by climate, 8, 102; proportion of Acotyledonous in Terra Australis, 9; in various parts of Europe, 9; in the vicinity of the Congo, 101—104; common to equinoctial Africa, America, and Asia, 164; to equinoctial Africa and America, but not found in India, 165; to equinoctial Africa and India, but not found in America, 165
Pleurothallis, spirally striated cells in, 515
Plumbagineæ, species in the collection from Central Africa, 297
Plurality of embryos in the seeds of Coniferæ, 565—575; constancy of, 568—572
Poaceæ, a tribe of Gramineæ, observations on the tribe and on its distribution in Terra Australis, 58
Podocarpus, structure of the ovulum in, 455; origin of the ovulum in, 458; analogy of male and female organs in, 461
Pollen, marginal production of, in the antheræ, 379 note; mucous tubes of, observed in Cytinus, 407-8; applied to the apices of the enlarged ovula, 408 note; of Cycadeæ, 459, 460; microscopic observations on the particles contained in the, 463—486; mode of action of the pollen in impregnation, 465-6, 475-6; in Asclepiadeæ, Periploceæ, and Orchideæ, 476; motion of particles of pollen seen by Needham and Gleichen, 477; observations of M. Brongniart, 478-9; occasionally in some plants continues long quiescent, 574-5; of Tradescantia Virginica, development of, 514 note.
Pollen grains, their structure in Asclepiadeæ, 524
Pollen tubes, their production and course in Orchideæ, 507—510; Asclepiadeæ, 525-8, 532; in other ​families, 532; function of the granules of, in reference to impregnation, 533, 550-1; origin, production, growth, and function of, in Orchideæ, 537—541; in Bonatea speciosa, 537—540; mucous tubes, their growth, &c., 539, 540; traced into the aperture of the ovulum, 540; confirmed in various species, 547; traced to a definite point in the ovula of Asclepiadeæ, 550-1; their course, structure, and function in, ibid.
Polygaleæ, observations on the order and its distribution in Terra Australis, 14; on its distinction from Leguminosæ, 291-2
Pomax, undoubtedly referrible to Rubiaceæ, 36
Potalia, observations on the genus and its affinities, 133-4
Preiss, M., plants collected by, in Western Australia, 338
Primulaceæ, species found in Central Africa, 297
Proteaceæ, observations on the order and on its distribution in Terra Australis, 40; species found at Swan River, 310; few species found in the interior, 339; peculiarity in the winged seeds of, 449
Pterocarpus erinacea, the tree producing the African gum Kino, 290 and note
Radicle, position of the, in different genera of Cruciferæ, 264
Radicle, position of the, in reference to the insertion of the funiculus of less importance in Zygophylleæ than elsewhere, 287
Raffles, Sir Stamford, his journey from Bencoolen into the interior of Sumatra, 369; letter to Sir Joseph Banks on the discovery of the great flower, afterwards named Rafflesia, 370—373; letter to Mr. Marsden, with further particulars, 393-4; further specimens received from, 401
Rafflesia, account of a new genus of plants named, 367; character of the genus, 374; affinities of the genus, 383—389,401—415; compared with Asarinæ, 384-5, 389, 392, 396, 401; Passifloreæ, 386-7, 3S9; Napoleona, 387-8; Cucurbitaceæ, 388; Sterculiaceæ, 388-9; Cytinus, 396, 401; the structure and economy of its female flower, 402—410; characters of the genus, 424
Rafflesia Arnoldi, on the female flower and fruit of, 399; Dr. Arnold's account of its discovery, and description, 370—373; drawing and specimens brought to England by Dr. Horsfield, 373; description of, 374—376, 415-16; its structure, 377—383; of its column, 377; vessels wanting, ibid.; of late formation, 412, 413 note; perianthium and bracteæ, ibid.; antheræ, 377—383; possible styles and stigmata, 382, 386; impregnation, 383; insects necessary in, ibid.; discovery of female flower, 394-5; desiderata respecting, 395-6; whether parasitical on the root from which it springs, 389—392; its reticulate base, 390, 402; structure of the female flower, 403—409; internal structure of ovarium, 403—405; compared with that of Hydnora, 404; and Cytinus, 405; development of ovula, 406-7; seeds, 408; embryo, 409; its characters, 424
Rafflesia Cumingii, structure of its column and the processes surmounting it, 405 note; its character, 425; observations on its structure, 426; and nomenclature, ibid.
Rafflesia Horsfieldii, account of, 389, 390 and note; its characters, 425
Rafflesia Patma, Dr. Blume's account of, 402; its characters, 424
Rafflesiaceæ, a natural family, 410; its characters, 423
Rafflesieæ, a tribe of Rafflesiaceæ, 410; its characters, 424
Raphe, apparently external in Zygophyllum Fabago, 287; its termination affords a sure indication of the orgin of the inner membrane of the ovulum, 441; its position in relation to the placenta, 448; exceptions to the general rule, in consequence of resupination, 448; belongs to the outer membrane of the ovulum, 450
Raphides in Orchideæ, 515
​Reseda, the capsules of the genus open at top at a very early period, 363
Resedaceæ, observations on the order, its structure, and affinities, 281—285; species found in Central Africa, 281; comparison with Capparideæ and Cruciferæ, 282; Mr. Lindley's hypothesis regarding, controverted, 283; structure of petals in, 281, 283-4; development of flower-bud of Reseda odorata, 284
Restiaceæ, observations on the order and on its distribution in Terra Australis, 53; hardly exists in the interior, 339
Resupination of corolla in Westringia controverted, 39; seed in Cremolobus and Menonvillea, 264; of ovules in Euonymus and Abelia, 448-9
Rhamneæ, character of the order, and observations on its distribution in Terra Australis, 26
Rhizantheæ, objections to the union of Rafflesiaceæ and Balanophoreæ in the same class, 412—415; Mr. Griffith's memoir on the plants referred to, 423
Rhizophoreæ, character of the order and observations on its distribution in Terra Australis, 20; on the species found in the vicinity of the Congo, and on the characters of the order, 119
Richard, M. Achille, his idea of the structure of an Orchideous flower, 501, 561
Ritchie, Mr., plants collected by him near Tripoli, &c., 260
Ross, James, plants collected by him in Melville Island, 185
Ross, Captain John, plants collected by the officers of his voyage on the coasts of Baffin's Bay, &c., 175
Roupellia grata, a species of cream fruit used by the natives of the west coast of Africa, 153
Rubiaceæ, forms with Apocineæ, Asclepiadeæ and certain genera referred to Gentianeæ, a great natural class, 36; observations on the order and on its distribution in Terra Australis, 36; on the division of the order, and on the species found in the vicinity of the Congo, 130-2; proportions of the order and of its principal divisions in various countries, 130—1; new genera of, found in the vicinitv of the Congo, ibid.; species found in Central Africa, 295
Ryania referred to Passifloreæ, 121; its affinity to Smeathmannia, 387 note
Sabine, Captain Edward, plants collected by him in Melville Island, 185, 227
Safu of the banks of the Congo, a valuable fruit of the order Amyrideæ, 160
Salisburia, analogy of male and female organs in, 460
Salix oleifolia, monstrosities in, illustrating the origin of ovula, 563
Salt, Henry, new and rare plants collected by, in Abyssinia, 91; relation of plants collected by him to the vegetation of the west coast of Africa, 162
Samolus Valerandi, perhaps the most widely diffused of Phænogamous plants, 297; geographical distribution of the genus, ibid.
Santalaceæ, observations on the order and on its distribution in Terra Australis, 42; its affinity to Olacinaæ, 137
Sapindaceæ, observations on the order and on the species found in the vicinity of the Congo, 107
Sapoteæ, only one species in the collection from Central Africa, 295; the woody shell of the nuts really formed of the testa, 296
Sapria, a genus of Rafflesiaceæ, 423; its characters, 426
Sargassuni bacciferum, regarded by Meyen as specifically identical with Sargassum natans, or vulgare, 580
Sargassum natans found lixed by a discoid base, or root, 580
Saururus, explanation of the structure of its seeds, 452
Savignya, on the structure and characters of the genus, and its affinities in the order Cruciferæ 262, 265
Schleiden, M., his theory of impregnation, 574; his observation of the ​areolæ or corpuscula in the albumen of all the European genera of Coniferæ, 574-5
Scitamineæ, structure of flower in, 49; formation of albumen in, 452
Scoresby, Captain William, catalogue of plants collected in Spitzbergen by, 179
Scrophularinæ, observations on the species found in the vicinity of the Congo, 135; in the collection from Central Africa, 296
Seeds never produced entirely naked, 359
Seeds and fruits, on some remarkable deviations from the usual structure of, 357
Seguieria forms with Petiveria, a subdivision of Phytolaceæ, 140
Sempervivum tectorum, monstrosities in, illustrating the origin of ovula, 563
Sesameæ, one species in the collection from central Africa, 295
Smeathman, Henry, number of species of plants collected by him at Sierra Leone, 101
Smeathmannia referred to Passifloreæ, its character and affinities, 386-7 note, 121, 381
Smith, Christian, plants collected by him in the vicinity of the Congo, 99, 173
Smith, Thomas, his observations on the general existence of the foramen in the membranes of the ovulum, 411
Sowerby, G. B., jun., his drawings of Triplosporite, 585
Sphenoclea Zeylanica, identity of specimens from Congo, and various parts of Africa, Asia, and America, 170, 171
Spiral tubes produced on the surface of the aerial roots of Orchideæ, 548; on the inner surface of the corolla of Ceropegia, 549; in the wool enclosing the spines of Mammillaria and Melocactus, ibid.; in the coma of the seed of an Apocyneous plant from Brazil, ibid.
Spiral vessels, stratum of, beneath the outer coat of the seed of Casuarina, 46
Spiral fibrous, tubes containing and emitting mucus in Blennodia and Matthiola, 316
Spiral vessels in the bulb-like seeds of certain Liliaceous plants, 364; do not appear to exist in any part of Rafflesia Arnoldi, 377; shown to exist in various parts, 412; exist also in Hydnora, Cytinus, Balanophora, Cynomorium and Helosis, ibid.
Spitzbergen, catalogue of plants collected in, by Captain Scoresby, 179
Stackhouseæ, characters of the order and observations on its distribution in Terra Australis, 27
Stelis, spirally striated cells in, 515
Sterculia, several species produce seeds which become naked by the early regular dehiscence of the ovarium, 363
Sterculiaceæ, compared with Rafflesia, 388-9
Stigma, on the relative position of the divisions of stigma and parietal placentæ in the compound ovarium of plants, 553—563; origin and type of, 558; necessarily consisting of two parts, not terminal but lateral, 558, 560; whence inferred, ibid.; the two stigmata of each carpel generally confluent, 559; exceptions in Parnassia, Cruciferæ, and Papaveraceæ, where the stigmata as well as the placentæ of the adjoining carpels are confluent, ibid.; how proved, ibid.; in Irideæ, also, where the stigmata alternate with the cells of the compound trilocular ovarium, ibid. characters derived from modifications of stigmata of less value, 560; composition of, in Orchideæ, 501-4; functions of its different lobes in, 503; relative position of stamina and stigmata, 504
Sturt, Captain Charles, plants found in his expedition into the southern interior of Australia, 313, 337; in his expeditious to the Darling, Murrumbidgee and Murray, 338
Style, a mere attenuation of the whole body of the ovarium, 558
Stylideæ, observations on the order and its distribution in Terra ​australis, 34; hardly exists in the interior, 339
Subgeneric or sectional names of natural groups proposed to form an essential part of the name, inserted between brackets, 274-5
Swan River, general view of the Botany of, 305; number of species collected there by Mr. Charles Fraser, 307; principal families contained in the collection, 307-8; observations on the geographical distribution of some of the more interesting families or species, 309
Tamarind of the banks of the Congo, probably of Asiatic origin, 156
Tapura referred to Chailleteæ, 126
Tasmannia, its remarkable stigma, 559
Taxus, origin of the berry in, 43
Terebintaceæ of Jussieu, made up of several orders and genera, 111
Terra Australis, general remarks on the botany of, 361; nature of the different parts visited by Mr. Brown and Mr. Ferdinand Bauer, 4—6; number of species of plants found in, by Mr. Brown, by Sir Joseph Banks, by Mr. David Nelson, by Mr. Menzies, by Colonel Paterson, by Mr. David Burton, by Mr. George Caley, &c., 6; estimated number of species in the flora of [in 1814], 7 [in 1849], 338; proportion of some of the larger orders in the vegetation of, 62; a large proportion of the genera and species of phænogamous plants peculiar to, 63; comparison of its vegetation with that of other parts of the world, South Africa, 63; South America, 64; New Zealand, 65; Europe, 65; list of species common to Terra Australis and Europe, 65, 68; the portion of the coast extending from Swan River on the W. Coast, to Middle Island on the S. Coast, contains the greatest proportion of genera peculiar to New Holland, 309, 338; vegetation of the extratropical interior, 338; number of plants collected in the various expeditions to the interior, 339
Testa, how formed and distinguished, 449, 450; sometimes completely obliterated, 450; forms the greater part of the substance of the seed in certain Liliaceæ, 450; its singular development in the ripe fruits of Banksia and Dryandra, ibid.
Thoa, generically the same as Gnetum, 153
Thonningia sanguinea, related to, if really distinct from, Balanophora, 414 note.
Tiliaceæ, observations on the order and on the species found in the vicinity of the Congo, 108
Tillandsia usneoides, peculiarities of its vascular system, 413 note.
Tobacco of the banks of the Congo, probably brought from America, 155; arguments in favour of its American origin, 158
Tradescantia Virginica, cell-nucleus in its various tissues, 513-14; structure of the hairs of its filaments, 513-14; striæ on, 513 note; nucleus in, ibid. note; circulation in, ibid.; development of its pollen, 514 note; circulation in its pollen tubes, 530 note.
Transportation of plants to distant localities, purposely, 167; accidentally, 167; by natural causes, 168; favoured by the degree of development and protection of the embryo, 168
Tremandreæ, character of the order, and observations on its distribution in Terra Australis, 15
Treviranus, L. C, his account of the structure of the pollen masses, and of the mode of impregnation of Asclepiadeæ, 520-1
Tribulus, subdivision of the genus, 318
Triplosporite, some account of, 583—591; history of the specimen described, 583; description of the specimen, 585-8; its axis, bracteæ, sporangia, and sporules, 586-7; its analogy with Ferns and Lycopodiaceæ, 587; its microscopical structure, 587; its affinities, 688; its probable generic identity with Lepidostrobus; account of a fossil specimen closely resembling it, 590
​Triraphis Pumilio, a second species of a New Holland genus of grasses, found in Central Africa, 302
Tuckey, Captain, observations on the plants collected in the vicinity of the Congo, during the expedition of, 97
Umbelliferæ, observations on the order and on its distribution in Terra Australis, 29
Urena, the double stigmata of the compound ovarium of, 559
Urticeæ considered as a class rather than an order, 137; observations on the species found in the vicinity of the Congo, 137
Vascular structure, conformity in, does not always indicate botanical affinity, exemplified in Coniferæ and Winteraneæ, 413 note; not always uniform in strictly natural families, ibid.
Verbenaceæ, observations on the order and on its distribution in Terra Australis, 38; on the species found in the vicinity of the Congo, 135
Violeæ, observations on the order, and on the species found in the vicinity of the Congo, 122
Viscum album, structure of its stamina, 460
Vitis, includes Cissus, Ampelopsis, and Botria, 151
Westall, William, his view of King George the Third's Sound, in Flinders's voyage, in which Kingia Australis is represented, 435
Xanthorrhœa, observations on, 50, 438; its anatomical structure, 438, 439, and note
Zamia, origin of the ovulum in, 458; analogy of male and female flowers in, 459
Zygophylleæ, observations on the order, and on plants belonging to it found in Central Africa, 285-287
END OF VOL. I.
PRINTED BY J. E. ADLARD, BARTHOLOMEW CLOSE.