# Chronologies and Calendars/Chapter 14

DOUBTLESS nowadays, with the help of almanacs, diaries, and the daily press, any incident can be dated to its particular day in any week and month as well as to the year in the century. Yet two-thirds of nineteen hundred years had run before almanacs were in vogue at all. Now they have become so very numerous as to need (for classified nomenclature) one bulky foolscap volume in the British Museum Library for themselves. A century ago their circulation was limited and intermittent; it is just six decades since the stamp impost of fifteen-pence was abolished.
139. Almanac is the Arabic al manac (the diary). Verstegen says it is the Saxon al mon aght (all moon heed), and that it refers to the tallies of the full and new moons kept by our Saxon ancestors--one of these tallies may still be seen at St. John’s College, Cambridge.
140. Very recently, certain American authorities suggested a new calendar. In this system, the year would be divided ​into thirteen months. The first twelve months to contain twenty-eight days each, whilst the thirteenth would have twenty-nine days, except in leap year, when there would be thirty days. It is claimed for this calendar that it would be exceedingly practical and of undoubted value in the great commercial world. For instance, each month being composed of four weeks, the days of each week would always fall on the same dates of the months. Thus, if the 1st of January was a Monday, it would follow that the 1st, the 8th, the 15th, and 22nd of February, and the following months, would also be a Monday. And so on with Tuesday, which would fall on the 2nd, the 9th, the 16th, and 23rd throughout the year.
141. The Roman Calendar.
| Present Days of the Month. | March, May, July, October, have thirty-one days. | March, May, July, October, have thirty-one days. | January, August, December, have thirty-one days. | January, August, December, have thirty-one days. | April, June, September, November, have thirty days. | April, June, September, November, have thirty days. | February has twenty-eight days, and in Leap Year twenty-nine. | February has twenty-eight days, and in Leap Year twenty-nine. |
| 1 | Kalendis | Kalendis | Kalendis | Kalendis | Kalendis | Kalendis | Kalendis | Kalendis |
| 2 | VI. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Nonas | IV. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Nonas | IV. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Nonas | IV. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Nonas |
| 3 | V. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Nonas | III. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Nonas | III. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Nonas | III. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Nonas |
| 4 | IV. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Nonas | Pridie Nonas | Pridie Nonas | Pridie Nonas | Pridie Nonas | Pridie Nonas | Pridie Nonas |
| 5 | III. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Nonas | Nonis | Nonis | Nonis | Nonis | Nonis | Nonis |
| 6 | Pridie Nonas | Pridie Nonas | VIII. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Idus | VIII. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Idus | VIII. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Idus |
| 7 | Nonis | Nonis | VII. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Idus | VII. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Idus | VII. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Idus |
| 8 | VIII. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Idus | VI. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Idus | VI. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Idus | VI. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Idus |
| 9 | VII. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Idus | V. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Idus | V. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Idus | V. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Idus |
| 10 | VI. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Idus | IV. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Idus | IV. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Idus | IV. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Idus |
| 11 | V. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Idus | III. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Idus | III. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Idus | III. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Idus |
| 12 | IV. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Idus | Pridie Idus. | Pridie Idus. | Pridie Idus. | Pridie Idus. | Pridie Idus. | Pridie Idus. |
| 13 | III. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Idus | Idibus. | Idibus. | Idibus. | Idibus. | Idibus. | Idibus. |
| 14 | Pridie Idus | Pridie Idus | XIX. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | XVIII. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | XVI. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) |
| 15 | Idibus | Idibus | XVIII. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | XVII. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | XV. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) |
| 16 | XVII. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | XVII. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | XVI. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | XIV. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) |
| 17 | XVI. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | XVI. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | XV. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | XIII. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) |
| 18 | XV. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | XV. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | XIV. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | XII. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) |
| 19 | XIV. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | XIV. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | XIII. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | XI. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) |
| 20 | XIII. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | XIII. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | XII. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | X. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) |
| 21 | XII. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | XII. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | XI. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | IX. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) |
| 22 | XI. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | XI. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | X. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | VIII. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) |
| 23 | X. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | X. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | IX. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | VII. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) |
| 24 | IX. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | IX. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | VIII. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | VI. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) |
| 25 | VIII. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | VIII. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | VII. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | V. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) |
| 26 | VII. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | VII. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | VI. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | IV. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) |
| 27 | VI. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | VI. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | V. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | III. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) |
| 28 | V. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | V. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | IV. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | Pridie Kalendas Martius | Pridie Kalendas Martius |
| 29 | IV. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | IV. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | III. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | Pridie Kalendas Martius | Pridie Kalendas Martius |
| 30 | III. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | III. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following) | Pridie Kalendas (of the month following) | Pridie Kalendas (of the month following) |
| 31 | Pridie Kalendas (of the month following) | Pridie Kalendas (of the month following) | Pridie Kalendas (of the month following) | Pridie Kalendas (of the month following) | | Pridie Kalendas (of the month following) | Pridie Kalendas (of the month following) |
142. The British Calendar.
January hath XXXI. days.
February hath XXVIII. days, and on every Leap Year XXIX. days.
March hath XXXI. days.
April hath XXX. days.
May hath XXXI. days.
June hath XXX. days.
July hath XXXI. days.
August hath XXXI. days.
September hath XXX. days.
October hath XXXI. days.
November hath XXX. days.
December hath XXXI. days.
143. Jewish Calendar. (A.D. 1896, A.M. 5656–57.)
The Year 5656 commenced September 19th, 1895.
| Jan. | 16 | New Moon | Sebat | 1 |
| Feb. | 15 | New Moon | Adar | 1 |
| Feb.„ | 27 | Fast of Esther | Sivan„ | 13 |
| Feb.„ | 28 | Purim | Sivan„ | 14 |
| Feb.„ | 29 | Shusan Purim | Sivan„ | 15 |
| Mar. | 15 | New Moon | Nisan | 1 |
| Mar.„ | 29 | Festival of Passover | Sivan„ | 15 |
| Mar.„ | 30 | Festival of„ Passover„ 2nd day | Sivan„ | 16 |
| April | 4 | Festival of„ Passover„ 7th day | Sivan„ | 21 |
| Mar.„ | 5 | Festival of„ Passover„ ends | Sivan„ | 22 |
| Mar.„ | 14 | New Moon | Yiar | 1 |
| May | 1 | Festival, 33rd day of Omer | Sivan„ | 18 |
| Mar.„ | 13 | New Moon | Sivan | 1 |
| Mar.„ | 18 | Festival of Weeks | Sivan„ | 6 |
| Mar.„ | 19 | Festival of„ Weeks„ 2nd day | Sivan„ | 7 |
| June | 12 | New Moon | Tamuz | 1 |
| Mar.„ | 28 | Fast of Tamuz | Tamuz„ | 17 |
| July | 11 | New Moon | Ab | 1 |
| Mar.„ | 19 | Fast, Destruction of Temple | Ab„ | 9 |
| Aug. | 10 | New Moon | Elul | 1 |
| Sept. | 8 | First day of New Year, 5657 | Tishri | 1 |
| Mar.„ | 10 | Fast of Guedaliah | Tishri„ | 3 |
| Mar.„ | 17 | Fast of Expiation | Tishri„ | 10 |
| Mar.„ | 22 | Feast of Tabernacles | Tishri„ | 15 |
| Mar.„ | 28 | Hosana Raba | Tishri„ | 21 |
| Mar.„ | 29 | Feast of the 8th day | Tishri„ | 22 |
| Mar.„ | 30 | Rejoicing of the Law | Tishri„ | 23 |
| Oct. | 8 | New Moon | Hesvan | 1 |
| Nov. | 6 | New Moon | Kisley | 1 |
| Mar.„ | 30 | Dedication of the Temple | Tishri„ | 1 |
| Dec. | 6 | New Moon | Tebet | 1 |
| Mar.„ | 15 | Fast, Siege of Jerusalem | Tebet„ | 10 |
144. The Old Style or Russian Calendar.
| Russian and Greek Dates or O.S. | Russian and Greek Dates or O.S. | | New Style Dates used by rest of Christendom. | New Style Dates used by rest of Christendom. |
| 1896. | 1896. | | 1897. | 1897. |
| Dec. | 25 | Nativity | Jan. | 6 |
| 1897. | 1897. | | | |
| Jan. | 2 | Circumcision | Jan.„ | 14 |
| Jan.„ | 7 | Theophany (Epiphany) | Jan.„ | 19 |
| Feb. | 3 | Hypapante (Purification) | Feb. | 15 |
| Feb.„ | 5 | Carnival Sunday | Feb.„ | 17 |
| Feb.„ | 12 | First Sunday in Lent | Feb.„ | 24 |
| Mar. | 10 | Forty Martyrs | Mar. | 22 |
| Mar.„ | 18 | Palm Sunday | Mar.„ | 30 |
| Mar.„ | 23 | Great Friday (Good Friday) | April | 4 |
| Mar.„ | 25 | Holy Pasch (Easter Day) | April„ | 6 |
| Mar.„ | 26 | Annunciation of Theotokos | April„ | 7 |
| April | 24 | S. George | May | 6 |
| May | 3 | Ascension | May„ | 15 |
| May„ | 10 | S. Nicolas | May„ | 22 |
| May„ | 13 | Pentecost (Whit Sunday) | May„ | 25 |
| May„ | 14 | Holy Ghost | May„ | 26 |
| June | 30 | Peter and Paul, Chief Apostles | July | 12 |
| Aug. | 2 | First Day of Fast of Theotokos | July„ | 14 |
| Aug.„ | 7 | Transfiguration | July„ | 19 |
| Aug.„ | 16 | Repose of Theotokos (Assumption) | Aug. | 28 |
| Aug.„ | 31 | S. Alexander Nevsky | Sep. | 12 |
| Sep. | 9 | Nativity of Theotokos | Sep.„ | 26 |
| Sep.„ | 15 | Exaltation of the Cross | Sep.„ | 27 |
| Oct. | 2 | Patronage of Theotokos | Oct. | 14 |
| Oct.„ | 22 | Accession of the Emperor | Nov. | 3 |
| Oct.„ | 16 | First Day Fast of the Nativity | Nov.„ | 28 |
| Oct.„ | 22 | Entrance of Theotokos | Dec. | 4 |
| Dec. | 7 | S. Nicolas | Dec.„ | 19 |
| Dec.„ | 10 | Conception of Theotokos | Dec.„ | 22 |
145. The Mohammedan Calendar.
| 1313. | 1313. | | 1896. | 1896. |
| 1 | Shaaban | corresponds to | January | 17 |
| 1 | Ramadin | {{{1}}}„ | February | 15 |
| 1 | Shawall | {{{1}}}„ | March | 16 |
| 1 | Dulkaada | {{{1}}}„ | April | 14 |
| 1 | Dulheggia | {{{1}}}„ | May | 14 |
| 1314. | 1314. | | 1896. | 1896. |
| 1 | Muharran | {{{1}}}„ | June | 12 |
| 1 | Saphar | {{{1}}}„ | July | 12 |
| 1 | Rabia I. | {{{1}}}„ | August | 10 |
| 1 | Rabia II. | {{{1}}}„ | September | 9 |
| 1 | Jomada I. | {{{1}}}„ | October | 9 |
| 1 | Jomada II. | {{{1}}}„ | November | 7 |
| 1 | Rajab | {{{1}}}„ | December | 6 |
146. The Samvat Calendar.
| 1896. | 1896. | | | | 1953. | 1953. |
| March | 15 | i.e. | Chyt | - | Sudee | 1 |
| March„ | 30 | i.e.„ | Bysack | - | Budee | 1 |
| April | 14 | i.e.„ | Bysack„ | - | Sudee | 1 |
| April„ | 28 | i.e.„ | Jhyt | - | Budee 1st | 1 |
| May | 13 | i.e.„ | Jhyt„ | - | Sudee 1st | 1 |
| May„ | 27 | i.e.„ | Jhyt„ | - | Budee 2nd | 1 |
| June | 12 | i.e.„ | Jhyt„ | - | Sudee 2nd | 1 |
| June„ | 26 | i.e.„ | Assar | - | Budee | 1 |
| July | 11 | i.e.„ | Assar„ | - | Sudee | 1 |
| July„ | 25 | i.e.„ | Sawun | - | Budee | 1 |
| August | 10 | i.e.„ | Sawun„ | - | Sudee | 1 |
| August„ | 24 | i.e.„ | Bhadoon | - | Budee | 1 |
| September | 8 | i.e.„ | Bhadoon„ | - | Sudee | 1 |
| September„ | 22 | i.e.„ | Kuar | - | Budee | 1 |
| October | 7 | i.e.„ | Kuar„ | - | Sudee | 1 |
| October„ | 22 | i.e.„ | Kartick | - | Budee | 1 |
| November | 6 | i.e.„ | Kartick„ | - | Sudee | 1 |
| November„ | 21 | i.e.„ | Aghan | - | Budee | 1 |
| December | 5 | i.e.„ | Aghan„ | - | Sudee | 1 |
| December„ | 21 | i.e.„ | Poos | - | Budee | 1 |
| December„ | 31 | i.e.„ | Poos„ | - | Budee„ | 12 |
147. The Bengali Calendar.
| 1896. | 1896. | | | | 1302. | 1302. |
| January | 1 | - | i.e. | - | Pous | 18 |
| January„ | 14 | - | {{{1}}}„ | - | Magh | 1 |
| February | 12 | - | {{{1}}}„ | - | Falgoon | 1 |
| March | 13 | - | {{{1}}}„ | - | Choitro | 1 |
| April | 12 | - | {{{1}}}„ | - | Boysack | 1 |
| May | 13 | - | {{{1}}}„ | - | Joisto | 1 |
| June | 14 | - | {{{1}}}„ | - | Assar | 1 |
| July | 15 | - | {{{1}}}„ | - | Srabun | 1 |
| August | 16 | - | {{{1}}}„ | - | Bhadro | 1 |
| September | 16 | - | {{{1}}}„ | - | Assin | 1 |
| October | 16 | - | {{{1}}}„ | - | Kartick | 1 |
| November | 15 | - | {{{1}}}„ | - | Aughraun | 1 |
| December | 15 | - | {{{1}}}„ | - | Pous | 1 |
| December„ | 31 | - | {{{1}}}„ | - | Pous„ | 17 |
Note.—The Christian Calendar is the same as in Britain, only the customary holidays are:—
| New Year's Day | 1 day |
| Good Friday | 2 days |
| Empress's Birthday | 1 day |
| Christmastide | 4 days |
Also certain holy days of the other religions are also added to the foregoing by yearly proclamations.
148. The Chinese Lunar Reckoning.
1895. :
| July | 22 | - | 6th month 1st day 21st year |
| August | 20 | - | 7th month„ 1st day„ 21st year„ |
| September | 18 | - | 8th month„ 1st day„ 21st year„ |
| October | 18 | - | 9th month„ 1st day„ 21st year„ |
| November | 16 | - | 10th month„ 1st day„ 21st year„ |
| December | 16 | - | 11th month„ 1st day„ 21st year„ |
| 1896. ||
| January | 14 | - | 12th month„ 1st day„ 21st year„ |
| February | 13 | - | 1st month„ 1st day„ 22nd year„ |
| March | 14 | - | 2nd month„ 1st day„ 22nd year„ |
| April | 13 | - | 3rd month„ 1st day„ 22nd year„ |
| May | 12 | - | 4th month„ 1st day„ 22nd year„ |
| June | 11 | - | 5th month„ 1st day„ 22nd year„ |
| July | 10 | - | 6th month„ 1st day„ 22nd year„ |
| August | 9 | - | 7th month„ 1st day„ 22nd year„ |
| September | 7 | - | 8th month„ 1st day„ 22nd year„ |
| October | 6 | - | 9th month„ 1st day„ 22nd year„ |
| November | 5 | - | 10th month„ 1st day„ 22nd year„ |
| December | 4 | - | 11th month„ 1st day„ 22nd year„ |
| 1897. ||
| January | 2 | - | 12th month„ 1st day„ 22nd year„ |
149. The Clog Calendar.
* ↑ In order to fix a certain date, the parish minister depored as to the accuracy of a marriage certificate, as ‘in remote districts little attention is paid to the calendar, people measuring time as so many days or weeks before or after some well-known event.’ See report of Chacheod’s trial for murder; Inverness, 31st Sep., 1831.
* ↑ By the statute 4 and 5 Will IV, cap: 57. Six years before these Nautical Almanacs were exempted from duty.
* ↑ Brewer, p. 36.
* ↑ The American originators of this scheme intend to submit same to an International Congress at the Paris Exhibition in 1900. Doubtless these gentlemen were aware of the S.T. Report of 1888, which mentions the difficulties of the earliest chronology how 'uncertainty grows from years into decades, and from decades into centuries, until, in the earliest existing traditions it becomes supreme."
* ↑ See section 20 supra.
* ↑ The Romans, of course, had no weeks, although Cicero uses hebdomas to indicate the critical seventh day in diseases.
* ↑ Abolished. See section 94 supra.
* ↑ Abolished. See section 94 supra.
* ↑ Abolished. See section 94 supra.
* ↑ This date in 1896 (the coronation) is in contradistinction to the accession of the present Czar.
* ↑ Computed by myself.
* ↑ The present Emperor, Keang Hsii, acceded to the throne on 6th month, 5th day—12th January, 1895.
* ↑ Refer to see 50 supra. In Chambers's "Book of Days," vol. I., p. 9, there is a very interesting description of the above calendar. "The feasts," it is pointed out, "were denoted by symbols resembling hieroglyphics, in a manner which will be best understood by examples. Thus a peculiarly-shaped emblem referred to Circumcisio Domini on 1st January.…St. John the Baptist, having been beheaded with a sword, his day (June 24th) was graced with that implement. St. Lawrence had his gridiron on the 10th of August." In looking at the above plate, it must be kept in mind that it represents the four sides of a square stick, which was about eight inches long. The stick was usually hung up in some convenient corner of the mediæval dwelling-house. Mr. William Andrews, F.R.H.S., of Hull, in his "Old Church Lore," devotes a chapter to the Clog Calendar, under the title of "Symbols of the Saints." Our illustration is from his volume.