# Primary Lessons in Swatow Grammar/Lesson XXXVI
## tàⁿ-ūe,

    to talk.

## tàⁿ-ūe oh thiaⁿ,

    hard to listen to.

## tàⁿ-ūe kōi-kōi-thiaⁿ,

    easy to listen to.

## tàⁿ-ūe bô-mêng-pe̍h,

    he does not speak clearly.

## uá kāng-lṳ́-tàⁿ,

    I to or with you say, i.e. I tell you.

## iông-uá-tàⁿ,

    allow me to state.

## kāng-lṳ́ tàⁿ-chai,

    tell it to you for your information.

## khṳt-lṳ́--tàⁿ,

    it is for you to speak, i.e. you are allowed to speak.

## khṳt-uá tàⁿ hó--mē?

    may I be allowed to speak?

## chièⁿ-seⁿ tàⁿ mêng-mêng pe̍h-pe̍h,

    that is stating it very clearly.

## lṳ́ tàⁿ tùi-tùi,

    you say it exactly.

## lṳ́ tàⁿ tùi-tong,

    you speak to the centre, i.e. to the point.

## lṳ́ tàⁿ tit tie̍h,

    you say rightly.

## àiⁿ-tàⁿ hó-tàⁿ,

    if you want to speak, speak

## tàⁿ-lâi tàⁿ-khṳ̀,

    talk back and forth.

## tàⁿ-khou-piⁿ, bô-tàⁿ khou-sim,

    talking around the edge of a subject and not to the heart of it.

## tàⁿ-chhim che̍k-pōu,

    go a step deeper into the subject.

## tàⁿ-thò che̍k-pōu,

    to draw back a step in argument.

## tàⁿ-ló-chhó,

    you talk at random.

## i tàⁿ lí-lí-tàⁿ, tàⁿ-m̄-hiah,

    he kept on talking without stopping.

## i tàⁿ-hiah, ãu pa̍t-nâng chiap-tàⁿ,

    when he had done talking another joined in.

## sùa-sùa-tàⁿ,

    continuous discourse.

## hiaⁿ-tĩ lṳ́ sie-sùa-tàⁿ,

    brethren, speak one after another (without breaks).

## ha̍h-tàⁿ,

    corroborative.

## ha̍h-tie̍h-i tàⁿ,

    accords with what he said.

## tàⁿ-ūe mài-khah-chōi,

    don’t say too much.

## tàⁿ-ūe mài-khah-tn̂g,

    don’t talk too long.

## tàⁿ-ūe kùe-tn̂g,

    exceed the time in talking

## mài-tàⁿ làng-phāng,

    don’t talk disjointedly.

## lṳ́ tàⁿ-khṳt-i miⁿ-ba̍t--chē,

    let your words be more close together.

## tàⁿ-ūe mài-kek-chhok,

    don’t crowd your words together.

## lṳ́ tàⁿ-ūe tie̍h-ēng-kán,

    in your speech use brevity.

## lṳ́ kâi-ūe tàⁿ-lâi-kàu tie̍h,

    in what you say you are correct.

## tàⁿ-phùa-i kâi-sim-sṳ̄,

    exposed his design.

## tàⁿ-phùa-i kâi-thâm-lūn,

    confuted his talk.

## tàⁿ-tāng,

    emphasize; lay stress on.

## tàⁿ-tie̍h-la̍t--chē,

    lay on a little more stress. ​

## i kâi-ūe ũ-chhim-ì--lōu!

    his words have a profound meaning– surely!

## i tàⁿ-lâi chhién-pe̍h chhién-pe̍h,

    he speaks clearly and plainly.

## uá tàⁿ phûe-phûe tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ,

    I am speaking only on the surface of the subject.

## tãi-chóng-chóng tàⁿ,

    to summarize.

## tãi-khài-tàⁿ,

    to state in a general way.

## chhó-lia̍k-tàⁿ,

    state it briefly will do.

## tàⁿ-tãi-ì,

    to state the gist of anything, or, the leading thoughts,

## uá tàⁿ-lṳ́-thiaⁿ,

    I speak and you hear me.

## tàⁿ-ūe bô-liâm-chia̍p,

    his words have no connection.

## tàⁿ-lâi ũ-tõ-lí,

    there is reason in what you say.

## tàⁿ-khui tàⁿ-bûa,

    he talks off and on, i.e. evasive.

## lṳ́ tùe-i kâi-ūe-búe tàⁿ,

    you follow on at the end of his talk; you side with him.

## tàⁿ só-íⁿ-jiên khṳt-lṳ́-chai,

    I will state the rationale of the case for your information.

## uá tàⁿ-chhêng-iû khṳt-lṳ̀ phah-sǹg,

    I will state the facts for you to decide.

## bô-ūe kāng-i tàⁿ,

    no words wherewith to speak with him.

## lú-tũn-nâng tàⁿ,

    fool’s talk; a stupid remark.

## chhiáⁿ-tiām khṳt-uá-tàⁿ,

    please be silent and allow me to say a word.

## lṳ́ chièⁿ-seⁿ-tàⁿ huân-liáu ka-lô,

    in so saying you are still a long way off.

## chiàⁿ-tàⁿ, huán-toah-tàⁿ,

    direct and inverted style.

## tàⁿ-lâi m̄-tòng,

    your talk don’t reach the point.

## niēⁿ-lṳ́ ka-kī-tàⁿ,

    I yield the floor to you, speak for yourself.

## hṳ́-che̍k-kù i tie̍h-tàⁿ-tãng,

    on that sentence he must lay stress.

## siet-sái-tàⁿ,

    a supposition; suppose I should say.

## tàⁿ-ôi-ūe,

    talking at random.

## i tàⁿ-ūe tàⁿ-hiah,

    when he had done talking.

## tàⁿ-i kâi-ūe,

    to say his words, i.e. to take his side; to quote from him.

## lí,

    right; reason; principle.

## tõ-lí,

    reason; doctrine.

## chhêng-lí,

    reason; propriety, &c.

## ngī-lí,

    a sound principle.

## lṳ́ tàⁿ-lâi tie̍h-lí,

    in speaking you attain reason, i.e. you have spoken rightly. ​

## bô-lí à kàu ũ-lí,

    being without reason, to argue until he has, i.e. specious argumentation.

## bô-lí lūan-tãu,

    without reason and yet babbling about doctrine.

## bô-lí kāng i piẽn-poh,

    no reasons wherewith to argue with him.

## chièⁿ-seⁿ kâi tõ-lí chhông-lâi m̄-pat-thiaⁿ,

    such doctrine we have never hitherto heard.

## chí-kâi tõ-lí ĩ sin kâi tõ-lí,

    this doctrine is a new one.

## chí-kâi tõ-lí sĩ-ha̍h sĩ-mih iēⁿ-nâng?

    this doctrine is suitable to what kind of people?

## chí-kâi tõ-lí hó thok-chhéⁿ sĩ-mih-nâng?

    this doctrine may be used to arouse what class of people?

## m̄-sĩ chiàⁿ-lí--kâi,

    it is not a correct principle.

## in-lí lũn-kàu nâng sũn-ho̍k,

    use arguments until people submit.

## sueh,

    to explain.

## kói,

    to unfold, kói-sueh, to unfold and explain.

## sueh-mêng-pe̍h,

    to explain clearly.

## sueh m̄-mêng,

    your explanation is not clear.

## sueh chièⁿ-seⁿ chiũ-sĩ mêng-pe̍h, in explaining it so,

    it is clear.

## bô chí-kâi sueh

    is no such explanation; not likely.

## sueh-chhut i kâi sêng-chiēⁿ khí-ẽ,

    to explain its connection with what precedes and follows.

## sueh lân-ló,

    explain a little, or explain briefly.

## sueh iáu-chhién,

    to explain rather superficially.

## chiàⁿ-sueh, húan-sueh,

    a direct and an inverted form of expression.

## siáu-sueh,

    a minute explanation.

## o̍h siáu-sueh,

    hard to explain minutely.

## lṳ́ hó sueh iáu-khuah--chē,

    explain it a little more fully.

## lṳ́ hó sueh sòi-siâng,

    explain it in detail.

## pat sueh--kùe,

    it has been explained.

## thiah-sueh,

    explain in detail (word by word, or clause by clause).

## ha̍p-sueh,

    explain in general.

## sueh-khui,

    to enlarge the scope of the explanation.

## sueh-bûa,

    to contract the„ scope of„ the„ explanation„.

## hû-sueh,

    an erroneous explanation.

## pau; pau-kuat; pau-hâm,

    to contain; to involve.

## pau-kuat ke kâi-ì,

    it contains another idea.

## pau-kuat tõ-chí,

    it is contained here in this.

## pau-kuat chōi-chōi,

    it involves a great deal.

## pau-kuat iáu-chhién,

    it implies rather less—not much. ​

## che̍k-kù õi-pau-kuat lóng-chóng,

    one expression comprises the whole.

## só-àm-pau kâi-ì-sṳ̀,

    an idea implied in it.

## bô-só put-pau,

    nothing that it does not comprehend.

## àm chí-tie̍h,

    an implied reference to.

## thûan-tãu,

    to proclaim doctrine.

## piẽn-lũn tõ-lí,

    discussing doctrine.

## piẽn-kàu i bô-ìn-tap,

    argued till he could not reply.

## chí-kâi-sṳ̄ íⁿ-keng piẽn-mêng-pe̍h--liáu,

    this method has already been shown clearly.

## piẽn-tit mêng-pe̍h,

    to argue clearly; attain clearness.

## piáu-mêng tõ-lí,

    to lay down a principle; set forth a doctrine,

## ngí-lũn,

    to deliberate; consult; discourse about.

## hó-lâi ngí-lũn chí-kâi-sṳ̄,

    let us come and consult about this matter.

## jī-ke siang-lũn,

    talking together about something.

## piẽn-lũn kàu-nâng hâng-ho̍k,

    argue till people submit.

## chí-kâi-sṳ̄ khó-sìn,

    this matter is credible.

## chiá-sṳ̄ sìn-m̄-kùe,

    this cannot be believed.

## sìn-tit-kùe,

    can be credited.

## siang-sìn-i m̄-kùe,

    cannot believe him.

## siang-sìn sĩ-tò-chí,

    believing lies here.

## siang-sìn m̄-siang-sìn sĩ-tõ tî-kò?

    wherein lies the believing or the not believing?

## si̍t-chãi ũ-iáⁿ,

    truly it is so; truly, there is some ground (shadow) for it.

## m̄-chai ũ-iáⁿ a-bô,

    do not know whether there is any ground for it or not.

## hong-siaⁿ,

    common report; rumor.

## kṳ̃-nâng só-tàⁿ,

    according to what people say.

## chèng-nâng kâi-ì,

    the idea of all; common opinion.

## nâng-nâng chièⁿ-seⁿ tàⁿ,

    every body says so.

## poh,

    to contradict; argue adversely; to object.

## poh-mñg,

    to ask a controverting question.

## poh-i tàⁿ,

    criticized him saying,—

## piẽn-poh tàⁿ,

    objected saying,—

## ho̍k-ũ-nâng poh-mn̄g,

    perhaps somebody will raise an objection.

## piẽn-poh chha-niũ kâi-ūe,

    specious or fallacious reasoning. ​

## chí-kâi îⁿ-keng piẽn-poh liáu,

    this has been confuted already.

## kàu-taⁿ iā-ũ chí-nâng lâi piẽn-poh,

    and, now, here comes this man to object.

## poh-khiet,

    to contradict.

## m̄-hó poh-khùi,

    not be disputed; must not be denied.

## màiⁿ tō poh-khùi,

    don’t be contradictory.

## siet-sái tàⁿ,

    a supposition.

## siet-mn̄g kâi-ūe,

    to suppose a question.

## siet mn̄g-tap kâi-ūe,

    to suppose a question and answer.

## siet poh-mn̄g,

    proposed an objection.

## tò-mn̄g,

    in reply.

## tò-tàⁿ,

    said in reply.

## tin-tò-thâu tàⁿ,

    say things wrong end foremost.

## úa tin-tò mn̄g-lṳ́,

    I would on the other hand ask you.

## chò úa tin-tò mn̄g-lṳ́,

    suppose I should, on the other hand, ask you.

## à,

    to dispute.

## sie-à,

    disputing together.

## à-lâi à-khṳ̀,

    disputing back and forth,

## hàuⁿ-à,

    fond of disputing.

## i tõ-à,

    he is disputing.

## à-i m̄-kùe,

    cannot out-argue him,

## thèng-à,

    argue at random.

## pek-chhiet-à,

    argued vehemently.

## à iâⁿ--i,

    beat him in argument.

## à su--i,

    beaten by him in argument.

## chōi-nâng sie-hũ à,

    many joined in the dispute.

## i à tî-kâi?

    what is he arguinyarguing about?

## i à hôiⁿ-chîⁿ kai-sṳ̄,

    he is disputing about a money payment.

## sie-cheⁿ,

    quarrelling together.

## cheⁿ-lũn,

    discussing.

## i à-tàⁿ-bô,

    he argued saying, it was not so.

## bô lṳ́-à,

    it is not for you to argue.

## m̄-hó à,

    it is not good to argue.

## put-kùe sĩ hàuⁿ-à,

    it is nothing more than fondness for dispute.

## phah-sǹg,

    to decide.

## hó-lâi phah-sǹg,

    come, let us decide.

## chò-úa phah-sǹg,

    as I should decide; if it were for me to decide. ​

## pheⁿ-phah,

    to decide; settle upon something.

## thêng-uá pheⁿ-phah,

    wait till I decide.

## uá chú-ì chièⁿ-seⁿ,

    that is my decision.

## kuat-ì-chãi,

    very decided.

## huat-lo̍h hó--liáu,

    the decision has been rendered.

## kuaⁿ-hú phoi-tiāⁿ-tie̍h,

    the official has given a definite decision.

## chò-uá-siẽⁿ,

    as I think; if it were for me to think.

## i àm-siẽⁿ,

    he thought within himself.

## chip-ì,

    holding on to his own opinion; bigoted; prejudiced.

## chip-ì-chãi,

    very bigoted; strongly prejudiced.

## m̄-chip-lí,

    does not hold to reason.

## m̄-chip-huap,

    does not adhere to law.

## hó-chip-kín,

    hold it firmly.

## chí kâi-tõ-lí hó-chip-siú,

    this doctrine it is well to hold and observe.

## hó-chip-siú, mài-ka-laṳh,

    hold, and observe, and don’t let it fall.

## sũn-huap,

    confromconform to law or usage.

## sũn-nâng kâi-ì,

    accord with people’s idea.

## sũn-kui-kṳ́,

    follow the custom.

## chiá sĩ lṳ́-ka-kī pān--chhut-lâi,

    this is a conjecture of your own.

## lṳ́ chai-ta̍t uá tùi a-m̄-tùi,

    do you reckon I am right or not?

## uá pān-jie̍h-chōi,

    I reckon so; I surmise that.

## lṳ́ pān-jie̍h-chōi,

    how much do you reckon.

## phì-jũ,

    a comparison; pestle; allegory.

## chiá sĩ phì-jũ a-sĩ si̍t-sṳ̄? is this a comparison,

    or an actual fact?

## hó-lâi pí-chò sĩ-mih-kâi?

    what shall I, in comparing, say it is (like)?

## hó-phì-jũ chò sĩ-mih-mue̍h?

    what thing shall I compare it to?

## phì-jũ tàⁿ-uân--liáu, chiũ-tàⁿ si̍t-sṳ̄,

    when the comparison is finished then I will speak of the actual circumstance.

## hó-chiang sĩ-mih-mue̱h lâi-pí?

    what thing shall I take to compare it with?

## chiang thóiⁿ-kìⁿ--kâi, lâi-pí-jũ thóiⁿ-m̄-kìⁿ--kâi,

    take the visible to illustrate the invisible.

## soiⁿ tàⁿ-phì-jũ, ãu tàⁿ-si̍t-sṳ̄,

    first state the illustration and then the facts. ​

## bô-tháu-khùi kâi-mue̍h tò-chò ũ seⁿ-miāⁿ kâi-mue|h lâi tàⁿ,

    to speak of an inanimate thing as if animate, i.e. to personify.

## Sai-nái-suaⁿ sĩ pí-jũ hiēn-chãi kâi-sṳ̄,

    Mt. Sinai illustrates the things of the present.

## chang ne̍k-thói kâi-sṳ̄ lâi pí-jũ sim-lêng kâi,

    take the affairs of the body to illustrate the things of the spirit.

## chiang-sòi lâi pí tōa--kâi,

    use the small to illustrate the large.

## íⁿ-sòi khài-ki̍p tōa,

    take the small and symbolize the large.

## pí chá-ji̍t--kâi iáu mêng-pe̍h,

    as compared with yesterday he is more clear.

## piáu-iēⁿ,

    a symbol; illustration.

## piáu-hō,

    a symbol;„ illustration.„

## siáu-iáⁿ,

    a type; a shadow.

## sái,

    to cause.

## só sái--kâi,

    that which is caused.

## sái-kàu,

    to cause to come to pass.

## sái-ēng,

    to make use of.

## àiⁿ sái-nâng mêng-hiáu,

    will cause people to understand.

## tì-kàu,

    so that; to the end that.

## i-kâi tì-khí,

    its beginning; original cause of anything.

## só-íⁿ,

    therefore; the why of anything; sequence.

## só-iû,

    the whence of anything.

## só-íⁿ--chiá,

    the consequences; results,

## só-íⁿ-jiên,

    the natural consequences.

## ũ-só-iû iā ũ-só-íⁿ,

    there is a cause and there is an effect.

## só-íⁿ chièⁿ-seⁿ,

    and because it is so.

## chí-kâi só-íⁿ jiên sĩ chò-nî?

    the natural consequence then is what?

## ũ sĩ-mih só-íⁿ?

    what are the consequences?

## seⁿ-jiên,

    fixed; a matter of course.

## kai-jiên,

    of necessity; a matter of course.

## ũ kâi sĩ seⁿ-jiên,

    some are so naturally.

## chièⁿ-seⁿ seⁿ íⁿ-jiên,

    it is so naturally.

## chṳ̃-jiên jṳ̂-jiên,

    of necessity so; self-existent.

## kúa-jiên; chṳ̃-jiên,

    of course.

## seⁿ-ngẽ; seⁿ tiāⁿ-tie̍h,

    fixed; definite; unalterable.

## lṳ́ kâi pēⁿ-chèng kâi só-íⁿ,

    the cause of your disease.

## lṳ́ só-íⁿ kâi pēⁿ-chèng sĩ chá-ji̍t sieⁿ-tie̍h huang,

    the cause of your disease is that yesterday you caught cold. ​

## taⁿ, – íⁿ-keng sĩ chièⁿ-seⁿ--liáu,

    now, — since that’s the way things are.

## i kai só-íⁿ õi kám-tõng-nâng,

    that whereby it moves people; motive power.

## chûn só-íⁿ mān chiá, sĩ-lṳ́ m̄-pat bói-chháu khṳ̀-uāng,

    the reason why the boat is slow is, that you did not buy straw and scorch the bottom.

## i m̄-thiaⁿ kâi-uân-kù sĩ-i chip-ka-kī kâi-ì,

    the reason why he wouldn’t listen is because he clings to his own notion.

## sǹg-lâi sǹg-khṳ̀,

    considering the matter to and fro.

## chièⁿ-seⁿ thóiⁿ-kìⁿ-lâi,

    and so we may perceive.

## chièⁿ-seⁿ khó-kièn,

    and so it may be seen.

## taⁿ, chiũ-khó-kièn sĩ-chò-nîⁿ?

    now, then, that which may be perceived is what?

## kù-chhṳ́ sǹg-khí-lâi,

    and so I conclude.

## phah-sǹg-thóiⁿ; tá-sǹg-thóiⁿ,

    consider and note.

## taⁿ, – sṳ̄ íⁿ-keng sĩ-chièⁿ-seⁿ--liáu – kù-chhṳ́,

    now, — matters being thus and so, — therefore —.

## mêng-mˆńg sĩ-chièⁿ-seⁿ,

    obviously it is so.

## o̍h-i kâi-ūe,

    repeat or narrate his words.

## o̍h-i kâi-lâi-le̍h,

    narrate the circumstances of the affair, or tell its history.

## o̍h-i kâi-khí-chí,

    tell its beginning and ending.

## o̍h-i kâi-uân-iû,

    explain the cause or origin of it.

## m̄-chai thâu-búe,

    I don’t know head nor tail (of it).

## m̄-chai thâu-sṳ̄,

    I don’t know what the beginning of it was.

## m̄-chai kiáu-búe,

    I don’t know the issue or outcome of it.

## i kâi kat-kúeⁿ,

    its fruits; results.

## i kâi suah-búe,

    the issue; upshot.

## sṳ̄-chhêng,

    the circumstances; affairs.

## uá liām-lṳ́-thiaⁿ,

    I will narrate and you hear.

## chiàⁿ-ì,

    a right notion; a correct idea.

## m̄-chiàⁿ-ì,

    not a correct idea.

## hó-ì,

    a good motive.

## m̄-chiàⁿ-iēⁿ,

    not well formed; not a good manner.

## kui-chiàⁿ--i,

    set him right.

## m̄-tùi,

    not right; don’t correspond.

## m̄-tùi-huap,

    not according to rule.

## chôiⁿ-ãu m̄-hû,

    what precedes and what follows don’t correspond.

## ha̍h-tie̍h soiⁿ-chai-nâng só-tàⁿ,

    accords with what the prophet says. ​

## bô che̍k-kiãⁿ m̄-tùi,

    not an item that does not correspond.

## lṳ́ só-tap hui uá só-mn̄g,

    what you answer is not what I ask.

## kiau lṳ́-chá só-tàⁿ m̄-hû,

    with what you formerly said it does not agree.

## m̄-hû-ha̍h lṳ́ tâng-chá tàⁿ,

    does not agree with your speech a while ago.

## tùi-jī,

    correlatives.

## tâng-lūi kâi-u̍eūe,

    words of the some class; synonyms.

## sie-tùi-mīn kâi ì-sṳ̀,

    opposite signification.

## iap-thiap kâi-ūe,

    hinge words; capable of twofold meaning.

## ì-sṳ̀ siang-thong,

    ideas mutually connected,

## nõ-sṳ̄ sie phit-phùe,

    the two things match, or go well together.

## siẽⁿ,

    to think.

## lṳ́ hó-siẽⁿ

    think.

## chhim-siẽⁿ,

    thinking; a profound thought.

## chhién-siẽⁿ

    shallow thinking.

## lṳ́ hó siẽⁿ-chhim--chē,

    think a little deeper.

## lṳ́ siẽⁿ m̄-chhim,

    you don’t think deeply.

## sòi-sim siẽⁿ,

    think carefully.

## gōu-siẽⁿ

    err in thinking. ngà-siẽⁿ, a foolish notion.

## lṳ́ siẽⁿ-chhò,

    you think erroneously.

## siẽⁿ-m̄-kàu thiet-tói,

    you don’t think down to the bottom of it.

## kiù-kàu chhim-ì-chãi,

    to pry down very deeply into the subject.

## chhién-chhién kâi-ì,

    a very superficial thought.

## ngî-jiên,

    necessarily so.

## ngî-jiên kâi ìn-tap,

    the answer is a matter of course.

## eng-kai hun-pie̍t,

    it is necessary to discriminate.

## eng-kai piẽn-mêng,

    it is necessary to show clearly.

## hun-pie̍t m̄-pat tò-khṳ̀,

    he does not, or did not, know how to discriminate.

## khî-tang, eng-kai hun-pie̍t tî-kâi hó tî-kaikâi m̄-hó,

    among them, it is necessary to distinguish which are good and which are not good.

## khó-íⁿ chai,

    so you may know.

## chí-kâi-sṳ̄ íⁿ-keng chai--liáu,

    this matter is known already.

## ngûan-bûn só-tàⁿ,

    that which the original text says.

## chí-chièⁿ kâi chhiet-iàu sĩ tõ chí-che̍k-kù,

    the essential point above is in this sentence.

## chò-gāi,

    to hinder. ​

## ha̍h-lṳ́-thiaⁿ--mē?

    is the statement acceptable? Will you listen?

## só-chhông-chhut,

    derived from.

## sṳ̄ chò-nî phùan-tuàn?

    how is the matter decided?

## thûan-kàu múa-tî-kò,

    promulgated every where.

## kièn-sek chhién,

    of superficial discernment.

## pàng-tiāu--liáu,

    relinquished,

## la-kháu,

    to brag.

## bô-só-hiàng,

    none to whom he may turn; without tendency.

## kak-ũ só-hiàng,

    every thing has its own tendency; each has its own proclivities.

## ũ-lĩ só-tõ,

    wherever his interest lies.

## tán-kàu bô-huap-tie̍h,

    when at length there is no resource.

## bô sĩ-mih-sṳ̄ hó-khṳt-lṳ́ mán,

    nothing for you to lay hold of.

## chiá-sṳ̄ tî-nâng m̄-chai!

    who is there that don’t know this!

## pun-chãm,

    to divide off in sections; make divisions.

## lí chhim-àu,

    the doctrine is profound.

## chí-kâi-chũe kui-pàng tî-tiâng?

    to whom shall this offense be imputed?

## iû-chí kâi-sṳ̄ tì-khí,

    from this affair had its origin.

## ēng-i chò-uân-iû,

    used him for a pretext.

## siang-kuan-hī,

    mutually connected,

## siang-so̍k,

    mutually related.

## ũ-kang-la̍t,

    it has energy.

## liên-lo̍k,

    linked together.

## chiang-hok-im lâi-thiap tù chí-kâi lu̍t-huap,

    use the Gospel to supplement the law.

## nõ-kâi sie-tha̍h,

    reduplicate.

## jī-ke siang-niē,

    neither would yield.

## che̍k-nâng niē--chē, chiũ-hiah,

    if one man would yield a little, the matter–then there would be an end of it.

## i tak-thâu huaⁿ-hí,

    he nodded his head in approval.

## chièⁿ-seⁿ sĩ-gōu-tie̍h Iâ-so kâi-kong-lâu,

    this is offending against the merits of Jesus.

## thiaⁿ-i kâi-kháu-khì,

    to listen and mark the spirit he is of.

## chí-kâi taⁿ-tàⁿ sĩ-so̍k-tõ tî-tiâng?

    this load of responsibility belongs to whom?

## khí-ūe-thâu,

    open the subject. ​

## ūe-thâu ūe-búe,

    introduction and conclusion; initial words and final words.

## kiah-phùa i lân-ló,

    to suggest to him « little ; give a hint.

## thok-chhéⁿ i,

    to arouse him. .

## bô-chn̂g-kâi kâi i-tàⁿ,

    did not tell him the whole of it.

## tńg che̍k-pit,

    to amplify a little; advance a step.

## àm-ha̍h,

    an unexpected coincidence.

## ha̍h sī-mih ēng?

    what use can be made of this?

## chí sī chiap-chiēⁿ a-sī chiap-ẽ?

    does it connect with what precedes or with what follows?

## so̍k tõ-chiēⁿ a-sĩ so̍k-tõ-ẽ,

    does it belong to what goes before or to what follows?

## chiēⁿ-ẽ kùan-chhùan,

    the passages above and below are mutually connected.

## Iak-hân sĩ sùa-tie̍h huap-lu̍t a-sĩ sùa-tie̍h hok-im?

    does John connect with the law or with the Gospel.

## liên tõ chiēⁿ-kù iā liên ẽ-kù,

    it is connected with what precedes and also with what follows.

## i kâi sêng-chiēⁿ khí-ẽ,

    its context.

## hûan-iáu ũ-huap khó-íⁿ chheng-ngĩ,

    there remains yet a way whereby one may be justified.

## khǹg-kòi i hó-àiⁿ,

    persuade him to it.

## khǹg-kòi i hó-màiⁿ,

    dissuade him from it.

## tie̍h chãm-tàⁿ,

    divide it up into sections.

## hó-pun a,

    divide into branches.

## m̄-thàng-sṳ̄,

    don’t fully apprehend things.

## chiá sĩ-úa só-liāu m̄-kàu,

    this is something I did not reckon on.

## kùe i só-siẽⁿ,

    beyond what he thought.

## chí-kâi tõ-lí ũ hán-ēng,

    this precept is of limited use.

## ha̍h-ēng,

    it suits my purpose.

## chí-tie̍h sĩ o̍ih,

    of limited application.

## chí-tie̍h sĩ-khùaⁿ,

    of broad application.

## chang-chúi tàⁿ chò-nâng,

    to personify water as man.

## chang-nâng tàⁿ chò-chúi,

    to speak of man as water.

## thòi-nâng siet-mn̄g,

    to suppose a question put by another.

## lâi sím-si̍t,

    judge what is truth.

## lâi-sím sĩ-hui,

    discriminate between the true and false.

## chang chí pêng-kṳ̃ lâi sím-chhat,

    take this evidence and sift it.

## tiâu-sùaⁿ jṳ̂-jṳ̂ kek-kiù kek-kiù,

    a tangled thread all mixed up ​together.

## uá thòiⁿ-chí-kâi mâuⁿ-pēⁿ kâi-uân-iû, sĩ

    &c, I consider that the origin of this trouble is, &c.

## chhok-tie̍h-khiàu,

    stir up his faculties.

## khiàu-thâu mé,

    hi faculties are quick.

## khiàu-thâu mān,

    his faculties are slow.

## ũ-che̍k-kiãⁿ tõ-lí chhok-tie̍h-uá kâi-khiàu,

    a truth suggests itself to me.

## chhui-chhut nguân-thâu kâi-ì-sṳ̀,

    search out the original idea.

## chhui-lũn chhut lâi,

    to infer out,

## chhui-lũn,

    to infer; an inference.

## só-chhui-lũn chhut--lâi-kâi,

    something that was reached by inference.

## káng-kiù kàu-thiet-tói,

    to explain things to the bottom.

## uá káng-kiù chí-kâi-chúi,

    I am going to explain this (thing called) water.

## sṳ̄ ũ-hṳ ũ-si̍t,

    things have a shadow and a substance.

## kiù-bûa,

    to condense (in a discourse); a synthesis.

## thiah-khui,

    to expand or amplify (a subject); to analyse.

## i kâi-kháu-keng,

    his statements.

## liãm-thâu,

    thought; idea.

## i kâi-ì-sṳ̀,

    his purpose; his idea.

## uá sim-siẽⁿ,

    I think.

## sim-liãm,

    thoughts.

## toaⁿ-toaⁿ sĩ-chí kâi-ì,

    this idea only.

## to-sim to-gî,

    much perplexity.

## chiá sĩ-sit-kṳ̃,

    this is true testimony.

## phou-pâi,

    arrangement.

## phou-pâi ì-sṳ̀,

    to arrange his thoughts.

## phou-pâi bô-mih-hó,

    the arrangement is not good.

## phou-pâi tie̍h-ũ-chôiⁿ, ũ-tang, ũ-ãu,

    the arrangement must have a beginning a middle and an end.

## sie-liên-lo̍k,

    mutually connected; interdependent.

## chí-nõ-kù bô-sie-chiap,

    these two sentences have no connection.

## ũ-sĩ-mih kuàn-chhùan?

    what relationship is there between them?

## bô--put-kùe sĩ-soiⁿ-ãu tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ,

    none, except that one is before and the other after.

## ha̍h-chò che̍k-ẽ-tàⁿ,

    sum them up together.

## liāu-phû liāu-phû,

    to intimate. ​

## ìn-tap mêng-pe̍h,

    answer clearly.

## hó ìn-tap,

    a good reply.

## ìn-tap khùe-chãi,

    prompt at a reply.

## ìn-tap õi kùe-nâng,

    surpassing others in repartee.

## ìn-tap tùi-tùi,

    you have answered exactly.

## é-kháu bô-ngân,

    mouth stopped, not a word to say.

## hûe-thâu siẽⁿ-tńg,

    to reflect.

## pêⁿ-ke ũ chhêng-lí,

    reason on both sides.

## m̄-káⁿ-ìn,

    dare not reply.

## i bô-ìn,

    he made no answer.

## tha̍k-chṳ--húe,

    the literati.

## tōa ha̍k-bûn kâi-nâng,

    a man of great learning.

## pá-ha̍k,

    full of learning.

## m̄-tèng-ì,

    not applicable

## thong-ēng,

    of general use.

## chhūe-pāng chhūe-khiah,

    to hunt for a pretext.

## būan-put-khó ûi,

    never let it be.

## sat i-kâi-chhùi,

    stop his mouth.

## hiau-khui,

    to open a book.

## chí-kâi-sṳ̄ hó-pàng che̍k-pôiⁿ siap-sî,

    will lay this topic aside for a moment.

## bõi-khṳt nín nge̍k--tie̍h,

    you will not be allowed to oppose.

## iû chṳ chhui-lũn chhut-lâi,

    inferred from a book statement.

## m̄-chai siẽⁿ i-kâi-ì sĩ hó-ì, a-sĩ ak-ì,

    you do not consider whether his motive is a good one or a bad one.

## chí-chiẽⁿ só-tàⁿ che̍k-kù kâi ì-sṳ̀ sĩ chièⁿ-seⁿ,

    the idea of the above sentence is this,

## bûn-sì,

    thread of a discourse.

## bûn-sì tàⁿ būe-uân seⁿ ũ chhut-lâi,

    before the thread of his discourse was finished, there issued, &c.

## lũn chí-kâi-sṳ̄ sĩ chûn chhiet-iàu a-sĩ nâng chhiet-iàu,

    as regards this matter, is the boat of more importance or is the man.

## taⁿ, chí-che̍k-ngân,

    now, this word (just quoted).

## taⁿ, chí-kâi khiam-sùn,

    now, this subject of humility.

## i ũ, chiang i kâi-ũ lâi-tàⁿ,

    if he has, then speak according to what he has.

## ũ bô, chiang i kâi-bô lâi-tàⁿ,

    if he has not then speak according to what he has not.

## chí-kâi-sṳ̄ kan-gāi--tie̍h,

    this matter interferes.

## chí sĩ chèng-nâng tàⁿ--kâi,

    this is what every body says. ​

## tãi-huãm,

    in general.

## só m̄-eng-kai,

    that which is unnecessary.

## mién-gî,

    no doubt.

## sùa lo̍h-khṳ̀ lân-ló,

    proceed down a little further (as in reading).

## nín tha̍k sie-sùa sie-sùa,

    read one after the other.

## tha̍k-ũ-kù ũ-tāu,

    read so as to mark the sentences and the clauses.

## lṳ́ tàⁿ-ūe tie̍h-hiáng-liãng hiáng-liãng,

    let your speaking be clear and distinct.

## lṳ́ tàⁿ-ūe sĩ-khang-khang,

    your words are empty.

## chhūe-phêng-kṳ̃ chhut--lâi,

    to hunt out testimony.

## thiaⁿ-tie̍h, sóng-khùai,

    interesting to hear.

## thâu-che̍k-kiãⁿ, jī-che̍k-kiãⁿ, saⁿ-che̍k-kiãⁿ,

    firstly, secondly, thirdly.

## chãm-thâu,

    beginning of a section,

## thâu-che̍k-chãm, jī-che̍k-chãm,

    first division, second division.

## i bô chí-mêng i kâi-ì-sṳ̀,

    did not indicate clearly that he meant.

## bô chí-mêng i sĩ sin-seⁿ,

    did not indicate clearly that he was a teacher.

## cha̍h-thâu cha̍h-búe,

    interrupting.
Cite error: <ref> tags exist for a group named "errata", but no corresponding <references group="errata"/> tag was found
Cite error: <ref> tags exist for a group named "errata", but no corresponding <references group="errata"/> tag was found