# Notes of the Mexican war 1846-47-48/Chapter 7

CHAPTER VII.
Thursday, October 14, 1847.—This morning, after breakfast, several of us soldiers paid a visit to the city to see what was going on, also to go around and see some of the new soldiers, where from, and by whom commanded.
In the city, we found but little or no business going as yet, the stores being mostly closed, with a poor market. No doubt the guerillas under Gen. Rea and the priest Padre Jarauta, have destroyed all the marketing outside of the city, to keep it from us bad Yankees.
The city is lined with soldiers, and the different companies are parading the streets, watching the movements of some of our friends, commonly called greasers.
We visited the different headquarters of Brig.-Gen. Joseph Lane's command.
The first consisted of Col. Charles H. Brough's Fourth Ohio Regiment; Col. W. A. Gorman's Fourth Indiana Regiment; Maj. Lally's Battlion of mounted riflemen, six hundred ​strong; Capt. Heintzelman's Battalion of four hundred regulars; Capt. Lewis' Company of mounted Louisiana Volunteers; Lieut. Christopher Lilley, (the prize fighter), one hundred and fifty mounted men; our gallant and much lamented Capt. Samuel H. Walker's company of mounted Texan Rangers, one hundred and fifty men; Capt. Simmons' two hundred regulars; Capt. George Taylor's Co. A, Third Artillery, one hundred men, with three pieces of artillery, and Lieut. Pratt, with about seventy-five men and two pieces of artillery.
Some of Lieut. Lilley's men informed us that they had had several hard skirmishes with the guerillas between Perote Castle and Vera Cruz, and at the fight of Paso de Oveja, Lieut. Cline of their company was killed, and several others wounded.
It will be remembered, that Lieut. Lilley, before he entered the United States army, fought a prize fight. So if Lieut. Lilley should come across any of the bold and dashing lancers, he will surely bring in a big prize.
We had quite a chat with some of Capt. Walker's men, they spoke in the highest terms and praise of their late Captain, and deeply mourn his loss. War was his element, the bivouac his delight, and the battle-field his play-ground, his perfection and inspiration; he could fight and chase the guerillas all day, and dance the highland fling at night; he was a splendid horseman and unsurpassed for firm riding and endurance.
At noon a flag of truce came into the city, accompanied by a squad of Mexican lancers. It was from our old friend. Gen. Santa Anna, and what do you think the great chieftain wanted? he wanted to exchange several of our teamsters for Cols. Iturbide and La Vega, captured by Capt. Walker, at the battle of Huamantla. How they made out in regards to the exchanging, I did not learn, but one thing is sure, and that is Gen. Santa Anna must not think that we are so green as to exchange "teamsters" for high-commissioned officers; yet the teamsters, in our estimation, are just as good to us, and more so, than the commissioned officers are to the Mexicans. But this is not the way to do business, to compare teamsters with ​officers of high rank, and Gen. Santa Anna ought to be ashamed of himself to think of such a thing as exchanging unmustered men for high officers.
This afternoon, Col. Brough's Fourth Ohio Regiment and Capt. Walker's company, under Lieut. Claiborne, and Lieut. Lilley's company, went to Chulula, in pursuit of Gen. Rea. Heaven help Gen. Rea or any of his men, for the death of Capt. Walker still rests heavily on the minds of his men, who are swearing vengeance against any Mexican found in arms. Their cry is, "to show no quarters to the enemy from this time out,"
In the evening, Alburtus Welsh and myself went to an eating establishment and called for supper. We had good tea, huevos (eggs), ham, bread and butter; the butter wasn't very good, but the rest we relished very much. After supper we took a promenade around the city again, which, but a few days ago, we had not dared to show our heads around the corners for fear of being shot. It was the same case with the Mexicans, they were held in the same position during the siege.
Late this evening one of our spies went out to see whether he could find some guerillas outside of the city, but he soon returned and reported that all was quiet.
I learned to-night that Capt. Herron, of the First Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, has gathered all his men, who (through his bungling mistake,) were killed on the twelfth instant, and they will be buried to-morrow, side by side. The remainder of his company, as well as many others are censuring Capt. Herron for negligence in not obeying orders.
I must also mention that we are greatly annoyed with pulga (fleas); the Mexicans say, that it was the Spaniards who brought these cruel insects to this country; therefore, they are called the "Spanish race of fleas." But let them come from where they may, they seem to follow us and hang on nobly, and by their actions, they seem to prefer us Yankees, and particularly the fresh arrivals. ​I don't know why it is these pests should keep following us through this country, unless it is, that our skin is so much finer and whiter and our blood sweeter than the Mexicans. Oh! I tell you, friends, they stick to us like beeswax, never letting go until squashed.
Mr. George Kiem, of our company, has adopted a new and ingenious mode of avoiding these pests. He puts the skin of beef in each boot, wraps it up in an old pair of pantaloons, then folds his old blanket nicely around them and then puts the whole snugly to bed, and goes to sleep, and he is never troubled with pulga.
These pests are getting so saucy and determined, that they and the piojo (lice), have regular pitched battles with one another on our bodies. But of the two pests, give me fleas in preference to piojo; but I am like all my comrades, troubled with both sometimes.
Friday, October 15, 1847.—This morning about 9 o'clock, the thirteen unfortunate victims belonging to Capt. Herron's Co. K, First Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, were buried by a detachment of our garrison. It was truly a heart-breaking scene to see those gallant young men, who, but a few days ago, were among us enjoying good health and in good spirits, hale and hearty, and full of hopes of soon going home and again seeing their wives, children, relatives, sweethearts and friends, but they are now sleeping in the embrace of death, and their spirits have returned to the God who gave it to them.
After they were consigned to their final resting place, Lieut.-Col. Black stepped to the side of the graves and made some beautiful and touching remarks about the heroic dead, which brought tears to the eyes of all who stood by the graves.
At noon. Gov. Childs, (through his spy), found out the whereabouts of Senor Don Rivera's printing and publishing establishment. Gov. Childs immediately sent Capt. William F. Small, with his company, to capture the printing establishment together with the proprietor. He started and charged ​upon the printing office, he hunted high and low for Senor Rivera, but the bold, fearless and gallant Rivera (like Gen. Rea), had retired to the country for the benefit of his health. The printing apparatus was of the Howe patent of New York.
During the siege, from this office was published and circulated, a large number of inflammatory hand-bills, urging and invoking the blanket gentlemen to rise up in arms, and to cut the throats of the six hundred sick Yankees under Gov. Childs, making these poor ignorant people believe that our cannons and howitzers, stationed in front of our quarters, were made of wood and painted, and that it would be very easy to capture them. And, in consequence of these appeals, a large number of the above-named gentlemen wearing blankets joined Gen. Rea, obtained muskets from him, and fought like heroes, (that is, of the Mexican kind), by firing around the corners from house-tops and balconies, on our sentinels, and on women and children alike.
It is now in our possession, and it is rumored, that John Kritser of our company, with several other men, are going to publish a new paper soon. John is a good and conservative soldier, and I know that he will publish a good little paper.
On our charge on the printing office, we came across the remaining corpse of John H. Burgess, the rifleman who was killed in a charge led by Lieut. Morgan, on October 2, 1847. His body has been lying in the street ever since that date, exposed to our view all the time. The dogs had him nearly eaten up. His comrades went and gathered the balance of his body up and gave it a decent burial in a lot; the hedvondez (stench), was so great, that they had to hold their nose and mouth.
Col. Brough and party who started to Chulula yesterday morning, returned late last night without seeing anything of Gen. Rea or Padre Jarauta, the holy father.
Col. Broughs' regiment is still quartered in Saint Augustine church, and Col. W. A. Gorman's Fourth Indiana Regiment ​and Capt. Walker's company, under Lieut. Claiborne, are quartered in the Plaza; Maj. Lally's mounted riflemen, are quartered at Gen. Joseph Lane's headquarters, they are his body-guard.
This afternoon another flag of truce came in, but coming to Gen. Lane's headquarters us privates could find out nothing.
It was escorted by a large body of lancers—and fine looking fellows they were—they must have been Gen. Santa Anna's body-guard, they were the best dressed and finest looking men we have yet seen.
Comrade Bymaster and myself took a walk into the city, and we noticed that the stores were still closed, and no doubt will be until Gen. Lane issues his proclamation for safety.
We also learned that Col. Augustine Iturbide, was one of Gen. Santa Anna's aids at the battle of Huamantla. He is an American by birth, and has a mother, and a brother named Angles de Iturbide, now living in Philadelphia, Pa.
In the evening the mail, which came up by the last train, was distributed to the different companies, and I received one letter from home, which, I assure you, gave me much satisfaction. I shall answer it in a few days.
Later in the evening while in our quarters, orders were read, that Thomas Zeigle was appointed Orderly Sergeant of our company in place of Orderly Sergeant Henry Cornish.
Thomas Zeigle hails from Little York, Pa., and his appointment has caused a little dissatisfaction among a certain Philadelphia clique; but the majority of our company are well pleased with the appointment; and as regards his capacity and ability, there are none better qualified for the position than Thomas Zeigle, he is a gentleman and a scholar, a soldier and precise in manner. He graduated at Gettysburg College.
To-night I noticed several of our men very drunk on account of Sergt. Henry Cornish being broke.
| James McCutcheon, Co. A, | First Reg't | Penna. Vol. | wounded. |
| George Rashberger, Co. A | " | " | " |
| John Hoover, Co. A, | " | " | " |
| David Lindsay, Co. A, | " | " | " |
| Henry Lynch, Co. A, | " | " | " |
| Mansfield Mason, Co. A, | " | " | " |
| James Bouden, Co. A, | " | " | " |
| Robert Wilson, Co. A, | " | " | " |
| John Wilson, Co. A, | " | " | " |
| John Dolan, Co. A, | " | " | " |
| William Eurick, Co. C, | " | " | killed. |
| Charles Collison, Co. C, | " | " | wounded. |
| John B. Herron, Co. C, | " | " | " |
| Corp. Sylvester Beesley, Co. D | " | " | " |
| JohnMcClellan,Co. D,(Reddy.) | " | " | " |
| James Lambert, Co. D, | " | " | " |
| John Longstaff, Co. D, | " | " | missing. |
| J. P. Willias, Co. G, | " | " | wounded. |
| W. N. Shultz, Co. G, | " | " | " |
| John Preece, Co. I | " | " | killed. |
| David W. Yarlott, Co. I, | " | " | wounded. |
| John Ellis, Co. I | " | " | " |
| Luke Floyd, Co. I, | " | " | " |
| Sergt. Dominick Devanny, Co. I, | " | " | " |
| Corp. E. H. Jones, Co. K, | " | " | killed. |
| John C. Gilchrist, Co. K, | " | " | " |
| John H. Herrod, Co. K, | " | " | " |
| F. B. Johns, Co. K, | " | " | " |
| Henry Krutzelman, Co. K, | " | " | " |
| James Phillips, Co. K, | " | " | " |
| Wm. A. Phillips, Co. K, | " | " | " |
| S. D. Sewell, Co. K, | " | " | " |
| William Smitz, Co. K, | " | " | " |
| D. S. Vernay, Co. K, | " | " | " |
| F. Vandyke, Co. K, | " | " | " |
| Joseph Wilson, Co. K, | " | " | " |
| Samuel Fryer, Co. K, | First Reg't | Penna. Vol., | killed. |
| Capt. John Herron, Co. K, | " | " | wounded. |
| Thomas B. Furman, Co. K, | " | " | " |
| A. E. Marshall, Co. K, | " | " | " |
| W. C. Winelriddle, Co. K, | " | " | " |
| Thomas B. Thornbury. | " | " | " |
| R. Reed, Co. K, | " | " | " |
| Samuel Sloop, Co. K, | " | " | " |
| Charles W. Blakeman, | " | " | " |
| James S. Nagley, Co. K | " | " | " |
| John H. Burgess, Voltiguer Rifleman, | John H. Burgess, Voltiguer Rifleman, | John H. Burgess, Voltiguer Rifleman, | killed. |
| Capt. John Mose, Spy Company, wounded, since | Capt. John Mose, Spy Company, wounded, since | Capt. John Mose, Spy Company, wounded, since | " |
| David Ricketts, Co. F, Rifleman, | David Ricketts, Co. F, Rifleman, | David Ricketts, Co. F, Rifleman, | wounded. |
| Lieut. Williams, South Carolina Reg't, | Lieut. Williams, South Carolina Reg't, | Lieut. Williams, South Carolina Reg't, | " |
| Private Cornwell, Second Dragoons, | Private Cornwell, Second Dragoons, | Private Cornwell, Second Dragoons, | " |
| "Smith, Rifleman, | "Smith, Rifleman, | "Smith, Rifleman, | killed. |
| Josiah Blair, Mounted Rifleman, Co. D, | Josiah Blair, Mounted Rifleman, Co. D, | Josiah Blair, Mounted Rifleman, Co. D, | wounded. |
| Private Campbell, Co. B, Rifleman, | Private Campbell, Co. B, Rifleman, | Private Campbell, Co. B, Rifleman, | " |
| Eli Stewart, Co. D, Third Dragoons, | Eli Stewart, Co. D, Third Dragoons, | Eli Stewart, Co. D, Third Dragoons, | " |
| Lieut. McKeer, Second Reg't Penna. Vol., | Lieut. McKeer, Second Reg't Penna. Vol., | Lieut. McKeer, Second Reg't Penna. Vol., | " |
| A. B. Duncan, Quartermaster's Department, | A. B. Duncan, Quartermaster's Department, | A. B. Duncan, Quartermaster's Department, | " |
| Dr. Bronaugh, Baltimore Battalion, | Dr. Bronaugh, Baltimore Battalion, | Dr. Bronaugh, Baltimore Battalion, | " |
| Wm. Waddel," | Wm. Waddel," | Wm. Waddel," | " |
| Sergt. Wm. Deal, Second Reg't Penna. Vol., | Sergt. Wm. Deal, Second Reg't Penna. Vol., | Sergt. Wm. Deal, Second Reg't Penna. Vol., | " |
| John Biers,"" | John Biers,"" | John Biers,"" | " |
| Wm. Johnson, "" | Wm. Johnson, "" | Wm. Johnson, "" | " |
| Wm. Curry, Second U. S. Artillery, | Wm. Curry, Second U. S. Artillery, | Wm. Curry, Second U. S. Artillery, | " |
| Wm. Patterson, Co. E, Second Artillery, | Wm. Patterson, Co. E, Second Artillery, | Wm. Patterson, Co. E, Second Artillery, | " |
| Private Newton, Co. E, Fourth Artillery, | Private Newton, Co. E, Fourth Artillery, | Private Newton, Co. E, Fourth Artillery, | " |
| John H. Rowney, Co. K, Second Artillery, | John H. Rowney, Co. K, Second Artillery, | John H. Rowney, Co. K, Second Artillery, | " |
| Thomas Russell, Second Reg't Dragoons, | Thomas Russell, Second Reg't Dragoons, | Thomas Russell, Second Reg't Dragoons, | " |
| J. P. Hardy, Co. G, Voltiguer Reg't, | J. P. Hardy, Co. G, Voltiguer Reg't, | J. P. Hardy, Co. G, Voltiguer Reg't, | " |
| David Ryan, Musician, | David Ryan, Musician, | David Ryan, Musician, | " |
| James Wilkner, Musician, | James Wilkner, Musician, | James Wilkner, Musician, | " |
| Lieut. Speery, Second Reg't Penna. Vol., | Lieut. Speery, Second Reg't Penna. Vol., | Lieut. Speery, Second Reg't Penna. Vol., | killed. |
| Twelve others, whose names I could not get, | Twelve others, whose names I could not get, | Twelve others, whose names I could not get, | " |
| Adolphus Wengierski, Private Secretary and interpreter to Col. Childs, | Adolphus Wengierski, Private Secretary and interpreter to Col. Childs, | Adolphus Wengierski, Private Secretary and interpreter to Col. Childs, | wounded. |
Sunday, October 17, 1847.—This morning I was obliged to get up early on account of these infernal pulga, who let us have no rest in the morning. When I woke up I was surprised to see my shirt sleeves and shirt collar all spotted with blood as if I was fighting. It seems to me that these atrocious blood-suckers are getting bolder and more numerous every day: probably it is on account of the fresh arrival of Yankees; if so, I wish they would follow them and leave us poor skinned fellows alone.
At noon I took a walk around the Plaza de Toras, where we were quartered before the main army left for the city of Mexico, and to my sad disappointment, I saw it was burnt down to the ground—that is the wood-work. One of the Mexicans who lives close by informed me that the lancers quartered there most of the time of the siege, and burned it down when Gen. Lane's army entered the city; poor fun, burning their own properties. There is nothing left but the high stone wall around its ruins. I returned to quarters and ​commenced writing letters, so as to have them ready by the next mail that goes down to Vera Cruz.
Monday, October 18, 1847.—This morning Gen. Lane issued his proclamation, and the stores were soon all reopened, and business is going on in fine style, and everything begins to look old fashion; that is, as it did before the main army left for the city of Mexico.
At 10 o'clock, a.m., another flag of truce came to Gov. Childs' quarters, wanting to know on what terms he would exchange or release Cols. La Vega and Iturbide; but the governor gave them poor satisfaction, and told them the only way to exchange was man for man, grade for grade. Being as the Mexicans have no prisoners of ours higher than a sergeant, there is little chance of these distinguished officers being released.
At noon, Col. Manuel Dominguez, with his spy company (all Mexicans, came into this city from the city of Mexico. They bring important despatches from Gen. Scott to our Gov. Childs, and for our Government at Washington, D. C. Col. Dominguez reports that the roads are full of vagarosora (wandering vagrants) and guerillas between here and the city of Mexico, and it was with great difficulty that they got through. Several times the guerillas had driven the spy company, and they were sometimes obliged to take to the mountains for safety.
In the evening Juan Mose was shot—by whom or how it is not known. His death is deeply lamented by all who knew him. During the siege of Puebla he had command of the fortification on Col. Black's quarters and acted nobly. He was captain of a spy company, and made several blunderbusses on tops of houses. He formerly belonged to a circus company, and was left sick at Jalapa City; and on coming up to this city, Gen. Santa Anna took him a prisoner, taking all he had from him, and then let him go like a vagaroso (a wandering vagrant). He was determined to have revenge on Gen. Santa Anna, and was to go with Gen. Line in pursuit of him tomorrow morning to Atlixco. He was a man of nerve and undoubted courage. ​I just now hear that Gen. Lane started out an expedition against the town of Chululu, following up some of Gen. Santa Anna's retreating forces. They came upon the Mexicans unexpectedly, killing a great many guerillas and taking some prisoners; that is, officers; privates we won't have. Capt. Walker's company was with this expedition, and this is the cause of so many Mexicans getting killed—determined to carry out their revenge for the death of their captain. In this little fight there were released twenty-one American prisoners; among them were Morris Stemler and J. Longstaff, both belonging to our regiment, who were taken prisoners at the fight with the guerillas, while after the stolen mules. They also captured two pieces of artillery and any quantity of ammunition and arms. After routing and driving the Mexicans in all directions, returned to Puebla this evening at ten o'clock. Our old friend, Morris Stemler, returned to our quarters, much rejoiced at his release, and reported the above facts. He is telling us some hard yarns; how the Mexicans treated and threatened him, what they would do, and what they made him do.
Gen. Santa Anna was not at Chulula, but is reported to be at the town of Atlixco, about eighteen miles from this city, with his retreating army. Within a few days, poor old Santa Anna, I fear, will have to vamoose from his dear native land to seek shelter or safety in some other country.
Tuesday, October 19, 1847.—This morning Gen. Lane left Puebla with fifteen hundred men for Atlixco. This expedition is composed of Capt. Taylor's Third Artillery, Lieut. Pratt's Second Battery of Light Artillery, two companies of the Third Dragoons, under the command of Capt. Ford, and Captain Walker's old company, under the command of Capt. Biddle. The latter company goes with this expedition to avenge the death of their late commander, Capt. Walker. They ask no quarter and will show none; so look out for fun.
This morning about 10 o'clock, Michael Leonard, who passed himself as a teamster, but is really nothing but a blackleg and ​an army follower, was hung in the main plaza for the accidental murder of another teamster, named William Hampton. The quarrel and shooting occurred on the last march of Gen. Lane's forces from Vera Cruz. It seems, from what I can learn, that Mr. Leonard had several quarrels with a wagon-master named Mr. Boulet, and the day after the battle of Huamantla he (Leonard) shot at Boulet, hitting him in the arm—which afterwards had to be amputated—and the same shot hit and killed Mr. Hampton.
He walked up on the scaffold with a firm step, and evinced no fear to die. He made a rambling speech, and wound up by saying that he didn't regret dying, that his sentence was a just one, that he was sorry that he did not kill Mr. Boulet in place of poor Mr. William Hampton, that he had fully prepared himself to meet his God, and was now ready to die. The priest then handed him the crucifix; he embraced and kissed it, after which the priest left the scaffold, and then the solemn moment having arrived, the drop gave way, down went poor Michael Leonard, swinging between heaven and earth, until he was pronounced dead, and then lowered and carted away on some lot for burial.
Mr. Leonard hailed from Texas, and I have been informed that his profession was that of gambler and follower of the United States army. He has at last met his match, and, as the saying is, he has been most unmercifully euchred.
During the execution the plaza was crowded with greasers and blanket gentlemen, watching the proceeding and the manœuvring of the prisoner, and it was really laughable to see those who came too late to see the execution. Those that were there had to show and explain to those who did not see it how it worked, and motioning with their hands how it was done. They never had seen any person hung before, as the Mexican punishment for a crime like the above is to shoot the murderer on some lot, and I think it is more appropriate for the penalty. The Mexicans look upon the hanging of a person as barbaro and blasfemamentce (barbarous and blasphemous), in mocking Christ crucified, and call us paganos (heathen). ​To-day the general talk among the soldiers, and the Mexicans too, is about Gen. Lane's expedition to Atlixco in pursuit of the volador (flying) army of Gen. Santa Anna and Don Lorenzo Rea.
Everything in and about the city seems very quiet. Business is going on again as usual, and the city is again supplied with buenos (marketing), and those soldiers who have the ready cash can buy most anything in the eating line.
This afternoon Capt. Juan Mose, of a spy company, and well known to every member of the garrison—who was shot dead yesterday by a drunken follower of the army—was buried. He was followed to his final resting-place, near his quarters, by most all of the officers under Gov. Child's command. The crime was without provocation, and apparently without motive. The assassin is still at large.
In the evening Mr. John Byers, our beef quartermaster, who was taken prisoner by Gen. Rea's guerillas on September 19th, made his escape, and, like all the rest of his fellow-prisoners, was much rejoiced at his liberation. He also tells some hard tales about Gen. Rea and his guerilla forces—how he was treated and what they made him do—telling Mr. Byers that they would kill all the pagano Americans in Mexico before we get out. He says that many a night he did not sleep a wink for fear that some crazy drunken guerilla would kill him for fun.
In regard to killing us Yankees all off before we get out of Mexico, I think the way things look now, that it will be reversed, and particularly to those who come into the clutches of Capt. Sam. Walker's men; for they have jurado (sworn) that they will take no more prisoners from this time out. So, umbra, look out for the death pasa (knell) rings in the ears of every man in Capt. Saml. Walker's company, for they will avenge his death.
Wednesday, October 20, 1847.—This morning we are all anxiously looking for news from Gen. Lane as to how he made out with Gen. Santa Anna at the villa, or town of Atlixco. ​At noon the officers of our detachment gave a complimentary dinner to Gov. Childs, for his heroic and gallant conduct during the long siege of Puebla. There was a jolly time among them; toasts were drank, songs sung, and stories and incidents of the siege were related and speeches was the order of the day.
The last toast drank was by Gov. Childs, and it was the best of them all, as follows: "To Capt. William F. Small, the accomplished and successful burglar, who, in a single night, broke through forty stone houses, and took the Mexican batteries."
This speech caused great cheering and clapping of hands, and Capt. Small replied to it in an appropriate manner, We, the privates, were of course not admitted to the room, but we did wish ourselves in when the bottle was going around.
This afternoon about two o'clock, an express came into our headquarters, stating that Gen. Joe. Lane had fallen in with Gen. Rea's forces, at or near Atlixco. On account of the roads being so much broken up and with gullies everywhere, it was impossible for him to make any kind of headway with the artillery, and he did not arrive at Atlixco until last evening.
He then commenced planting his artillery on a high hill overlooking the villa of Atlixco, firing shell and round-shot into the most thickly populated portions of the town.
It being moonlight, they had a fine view of the town. The Mexicans kept up firing until this morning, when they ceased.
Gen. Lane then marched into town, and followed the retreating army of Gen. Rea and completely routed them. Gen. Rea left last night for the small villa of Matamoras, leaving his men to fight it out themselves.
Gen. Santa Anna, it is reported, had left the night before, but for where, nobody knows nor cares.
The gallant Capt. Walker's men again distinguished themselves in this fight; they carried out their motto, and did not give a single Mexican any quarters. ​This is the second time that our cavahy has had a dash at the gallant guerillas and lancers, and if any set of men got cut up it was the Mexicans; for instance, to show you how deceitful the Mexicans are, during the conflict, a lancer rushed from the chaparral and fired his escopet at one of Capt. Walker's men, when the Mexican saw that he had missed his man, he threw up his hands and asked for mercy and spare his life, but none was shown him, in an instant, the Mexican had his head cut off close to his shoulders.
There were not many lancers killed, and their horses being fresh, they made their escape; but the poor infantry suffered hard, but few escaped the sabres of Capt. Walker's men. The loss of the Mexicans was about two hundred and fifty killed and wounded; our loss was one killed and two wounded, what a contrast.
Atlixco has been the principal headquarters of Gen. Rea during the siege of Puebla, and it was the general rendezvous of all the guerillas operating in this immediate neighborhood; but it is now broken up, and I think the citizens are glad of it, as the guerillas would just as soon rob a Mexican as they would a Yankee.
This evening Col. Dominguez' spy company left for Vera Cruz. They went down the back way or road, fearing some of the defeated guerillas might get on their track. They passed our quarters and looked remarkably well in appearance.
This evening, at the company's roll-call, I was notified by Capt. W. F. Small, in the presence of the company, that J. Jacob Oswandel was appointed Third Corporal of Co. C, First Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers. This announcement has struck terror in some of the Philadelphia clique; but at the same time they could say nothing against me as a soldier, as I have, ever since I have been in this company, done all the duties, and more too, than was required of me to do.
Thursday, October 21, 1847.—This morning Col. Dominguez' espia compania (spy company) returned to this city. He had not gone far before he fell in with over three hundred guerillas, ​well mounted on spirited horses. Col. Dominguez engaged them successfully, and captured thirty splendid horses, fully equipped, when he came to this city. He passed down the street, making a fine appearance. Col. Dominguez reports that in the engagement he lost but twelve men, while that of the enemy was over one hundred. He also says, had his force been one hundred stronger, he could have taken the whole party. Col. Dominguez pursued them until they arrived at a hill, where the enemy made a stand and disputed to pass the spy company; so Col. Dominguez thought it advisable not to engage them, his force being too small to charge up the hill.
In the afternoon the dragoons came in from Atlixco, and reported that Gen. Lane was very successful at Atlixco, and that Gen. Lane had left with the infantry and Lieut. Pratt's battery for a small town, Matamoras, the place the Mexicans had retreated to.
It seems Gen. Lane is determined to follow up these bands, of numerous desperadoes and guerillas, for the purpose of suppressing these outcasts and highway robbers,
Friday, October 22, 1847.—This morning we received information that a house at the end of this city was stored with ammunition; so a party of ten men, who volunteered to go with Capt. Hill, First Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, and who, at the time, was Officer of the Day to search the place, started, but arrived too late, as the Mexicans had moved it from there. They saw a Mexican officer run back in the house, our men followed him, and finally captured him. They found on him a sword and a pair of pistols. His horse was saddled and tied in the yard. They brought the man and his horse at once to Gov. Childs' quarters, and turned them over.
In the evening Gen. Lane's command came into Puebla City; they ran the lancers and guerillas until none could be found to chase.
Late this evening a party of our soldiers forced and broke open the back door of our quartermaster's (Capt. Webster's) room, and stole and rolled away about three hundred bales of ​tobacco, worth several thousand dollars. This is the same tobacco we captured from the enemy September 23d, and our soldiers thought that they had as good a right to it and sell it as Capt. Webster had, who has been selling it to the Mexicans for forty-five dollars per bale. The quartermaster, hearing the back door forced open and the tobacco rolling away, sent word to the Officer of the Guard, who sent a force of men, under Sergeant Edwin R. Biles, to stop the taking away of the tobacco. This caused a little growl among those who were a little late in getting any, and rejoicing among the lucky ones, but soon all was quiet again.
Saturday, October 23, 1847.—This morning I noticed that around our quarters looked like a tobacco warehouse. Some of our men realized from ninety to one hundred dollars on it; in fact, it seemed that nearly every soldier was in the tobacco business; and I noticed some of Co. D, First Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, after they had sold what they had to the Mexicans, got up a file of soldiers, headed by Sergeant Bill McMullin, went to the Mexicans to whom they had sold their tobacco and demanded the return of the tobacco, as they, the guard, were sent by Gov. Childs for it; but the poor Mexicans, who probably had paid out all the money they had, thought that this was a rather sharp game, and showed a disposition to decline giving it up after they pagoy (paying) for it. Finally the sergeant and his gang told the Mexicans that if they paga them so much money, they, our men, would let the Mexicans have the tobacco, and report to the officers that the tobacco could not be found. To this the Mexicans agreed, and paid to each man so much money, after which the pretended guard went away rejoicing and laughing over their rough joke of getting paid twice for their tobacco; this the roughs think is smart, but the more civilized portion of our soldiers think it was nothing else but highway robbery, and all should be punished for it.
In the afternoon, Col. E. Dominguez came to our quarters, and took with him several Mexicans, who have been our ​prisoners, to join his espia company, now numbering one hundred and twenty-three men, and is recruiting fast.
Late in the evening some of our soldiers made another charge on Capt. Webster's tobacco warehouse and soon had the plaza in front of our quarters stored full of tobacco bales. It looked like the levee at New Orleans; but they carried the business on too boldly, and the officers and guard came and stopped it, and arrested several of the soldiers, and afterwards went around the different quarters and gathered some of the tobacco.
Later, rumor has it that the tobacco captured during the siege, and stolen from the quartermaster, does not belong to the Mexican government, but to a private firm named B. J. Domercqu & A. Porte, and that they are going to make claim against our Government for every pound lost. This rumor, probably, was the cause of the officers and the guard going around the quarters and gathering up the tobacco. Uncle Sam will have to pay for it.
Sunday, October 24, 1847.—This morning it is rumored through our quarters that we would accompany Col. F. M. Wynkoop's command back to Perote Castle. We were all anxious to know the truth of this report, as we have a great many things to get rid of—in fact, we are so well fixed that we don't care about moving, and in particular in that direction; for we all want to march on to the city of Mexico before we go backward.
Sure enough, this afternoon we received general orders to pack up and move in the morning. The question now was, what shall we do with our things on hand? The only remedy was to get to work and get rid of them the best way we could. So we set up a regular auction sale—selling our beds, bedding, glassware, cut decanters, pictures (some of the finest and rarest kind), britannia ware, damask and cane-bottom chairs and a large lot of tobacco (this was mostly taken by the officers), also clothing of every description—all captured from the Mexicans during the siege of Puebla. Our terms of sale were caxa (cash), no confior (trust) or pocatampo, as we used to call it. You can ​rest assured that there was a gay old time about Quartel for about three hours, carrying things away after they were paid for. My little desk I used to write on I sold to a Mexican friend of mine, with leave to keep it until to-morrow morning, as I wanted to write several letters on it, this being the only opportunity to write for some time to come.
In the evening a good many of our old Mexican friends came to see us, bidding us buenos por (good-by) and buenos lacay (luck); also some of the new arrivals who are expecting to settle in our quarters when we leave are picking out their places to bunk.
One of my letters I penned to-night is to my old schoolmate, George W. Bare, of Granville Township, Mifflin County, Pa., as follows:
| Puebla City, Mexico | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ |
| October 24, 1847 | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ |
Dear Friend:—I again embrace the favorable opportunity of writing to you to let you know that I am well, and I hope that this letter may find you rejoicing in the same state of health.
I received your letter about two weeks ago, and you can't imagine how glad and rejoiced I was when I received your kind letter. I should have written to you before this time, but our communication with Vera Cruz has been cut off by the notorious guerillas.
You will also perceive by this letter that our detachment has not advanced any further into the interior of Mexico, as I mentioned in my last letter to you.
On the 7th of August we received orders from Gen. Scott that our detachment of six companies was to remain here to form the main garrison of Puebla City. This caused great dissatisfaction among our men.
The Mexicans noticing that our forces were very small to garrison such a large hostile city, (with nearly a hundred thousand inhabitants], began to get very independent and ​saucy, and at night got to killing some of our soldiers who may happen to be a little way from our quarters.
I am not going to give you an account of the long siege of Puebla City, for you have, no doubt, before this reaches you, read of it; but I shall merely tell you, that from the 26th of August to the 12th of October, the very day of our State election at home, we were constantly fired upon, both day and night, from all the streets leading to our quarters.
We have been watching the enemy night and day for more fifty days; this was all done cheerfully and without a murmur, all were anxious and ready to perform any duty that might be consigned to them to do, and whenever there was a sentinel shot down, there was always another jumped up and volunteered to go on in his place. Oh, yes, (not being with the main army), I fear the historians will never give us full justice for the long unwavering courage, the splendid discipline and heroic and successful defense of Puebla. The sufferings and hardships endured, is in itself worthy of the brighest page in the history of the Mexican war.
I had almost forgotten to mention the death of Capt. Samuel H. Walker, he fell mortally wounded, at the battle of Huamantla, and soon after expired. We little thought that he would so soon be called from among us. But providence teaches us, "that in the midst of life we are in death;" and that though we may achieve all that early ambition promptly, we cannot conquer the destroying angel; that to be honored and idolized here, does not stop the march of man from the cradle to the tomb.
No man of his age, has departed from this world with better earned fame, than our much lamented and gallant Capt. Walker, and his memory will be cherished as long as the nation shall exist. Silencio de so ceniza (peace to his ashes).
I am no more a private soldier, having been appointed, a few days ago as Third Corporal of Co. C, First Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, ​For this promotion I am thankful to my Captain, who has always treated me with due respect as a man and a soldier. In fact, Capt. Small is one of the best officers to his men, in our regiment. To soldiers who do their duty, Capt. Small is their best friend, but to soldiers who will not do their duty and refuses to obey his orders, Capt. Small is a terror, and they received no friendship or favors from his hands. No, no, Capt. Small is no friend to soldiers who shrink from duty.
I am also thankful to Capt. Small for mentioning my name in his, Capt. Small's general report to the commander. Col. Thomas Childs, Civil and Military Governor of Puebla City which I will copy and send to you, as follows:—
"Private J. Jacob Oswandel, of Mifflin County, Pa., has also distinguished himself by his steady bravery and untiring zeal in volunteering his services at exposed pickets, and his skill in the use of his musket, having killed several of the enemy during the siege, he being one of the best and bravest soldiers in my company."
During the siege the Mexicans started up several excitements in raising the people to take up arms and drive the Yankees out of the city. It is done by ringing the church bells in a rapid manner. Now, there are from seventy to seventy-five churches in Puebla, and each church has from six to ten bells; the cathedral has, I believe, sixteen bells. So you can imagine that when the bells are all rung in rapid succession that it makes a rattling noise, and the citizens come running from all sections to the main plaza in front of the cathedral. Here they are addressed either by some priest or broken-down politician or military man, urging the people to arms, making them believe that we (the Yankees) are now living on mule-meat, and that the Yankees can't hold out much longer—that they are now starving. This kind of business was carried on until Gov. Childs ordered two twelve-pounders and a ten-inch mortar at Fort Loretto to open directly upon the cathedral and the plaza, the shells bursting in the plaza and in the houses, shaking the houses and shattering the windows, besides killing and ​wounding many of the people who were standing in the plaza. One shell burst in the Bishop's house. This alarmed the bishop so much that he immediately sent messengers to all the churches to stop the ringing of hells, crying out in a loud voice, retener estas campana (stop the bells).
It is astonishing to see the large number of Catholic priests in every little town we pass, and I said to myself. No wonder the poor class are so, for it is the poor ignorant class of people of this country that has to keep up these great professed religious gods, and it is so in every country where the religious gods rule. The people are kept down and their liberties crushed—kept in ignorance and slavery all the days of their lives; yet these professed religious people call us Yankees heathens and worshippers of the devil. Oh, when will these ignorant people open their eyes and break loose from the iron rule? Look at South America's blood-stained record of the past and the massacre of St. Bartholomew! Thousands of innocent lives have been lost, and thousands will yet be added before the people will rise and banish their oppressors, and trample their iron yoke and bigoted government in the dust.
We are now under orders to march back to Vera Cruz to escort a train to that city, after which we will countermarch, and no doubt go on to the city of Mexico. So, you need not look for a letter from me until I arrive in that ancient capital. No more. Write soon. Your Friend,
J. J. O.
Three Locks above Lewistown Pa.
Monday, October 25, 1847.—This morning, about eight o'clock, the drums commenced to heat, which is the signal for us soldiers to form into line for marching. We formed in front of our old quarters, Quartel. There we stood and talked until 10 o'clock, a.m., when orders were given by Lieut.-Col. Black to march. We then left and bade good-bye to Puebla. We are accompanied by Capt. Taylor, Third Light Artillery Battery and a company of Georgia Dragoons, under the command ​of Capt, Loyall. Gov. Childs and some of his staff accompanied us to the suburbs of the city and then stopped and bade us good-bye. At this moment we stopped and gave him, Gov. Childs, three rousing cheers which made the hills back of Puebla echo. The Governor acknowledged the corn with a smile, taking off his cap, and again said "good-bye, my brave men; I rgegret that I cannot go down with you." Here he was again loudly cheered with the utmost enthusiasm, waving our old torn banners, and throwing our caps and straw hats in the air, I never saw men in so enthusiastic humor. He appeared to be much pleased with the reception and applause of the men he once so well commanded.
We then marched on until we arrived at Amozoquco. Here we encamped for the night. Gen. Lane and the cavalry who accompanied us to this town returned to Puebla.
On our march to-day one of our officers was thrown from his horse, the horse making his way to Puebla. One of our Mexican lancers, belonging to the spy company, who happened to be with us, gave chase and captured him with his lasso, and had him turned over to the owner.
To-night one of our men got his throat cut from ear to ear.
Tuesday October 26, 1847.—This morning we left Amozoquco, and marched by company all the way through the pass, in sand up to our ankles.
At 10 o'clock we halted at a small villeta (borough) named Iturbide, this side of the noted pass, El Pinal. Here we learned from the Mexicans, that our gallant friend, Gen. Santa Anna, was at the Pass with two thousand troops; we of course were not much alarmed about the two thousand Mexicans, so we moved cautiously through the Pass, without seeing anything of the enemy. We kept marching on until we arrived at the hacienda San bar Tola, here we halted for a short time and received a treat from Col. Black, after which we agreed to march on. Passed two small towns, and went into camp at Napaluco. Our company had the luck to get into a small church. ​Wednesday, October 27, 1847.—This morning we left Napaluco at daylight, and took the back or ciego ruta (blind road, so-called), and marched on until we came to the hacienda San de Esora, where we dug up the remains of Capt. Samuel H. Walker, who was killed at the battle of Huamantla, near this spot. He was wrapped up in fine linen and placed in a neat coffin which we brought with us from Puebla, and then placed into a wagon and brought him with us to Vera Cruz, from thereto be shipped to Baltimore, Maryland, his native home.
When the officer took the measurement of Capt. Walker's body when first buried, he took it too small, and the carpenter made a botch of it; whereupon, Lieut. Clinton, of Co. H, First Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, off with his uniform coat, rolled up his sleeves and went to work and made him, Capt. Walker, a coffin himself. Lieut. Clinton is a carpenter, and I am informed hails from Southwark, Philadelphia, Pa. Lieut. Breeze, of the same company, who is a blacksmith, entered a smithy and made nails for the coffin, and in about a half hour, the whole coffin was completed, and well finished. So much for Philadelphia's mechanics and Pennsylvania's volunteers.
We then started and passed a small town named Huape Escla, where we laid in a fresh supply of water, after which we again started, and went into camp at a villa of considerable size named Ve Raiguas.
On our march to-day, we saw some two hundred guerillas wayoff to our left, at a small town, but they kept their distance, and we did not trouble them.
Capt. Small and one of our men named Joseph Funston, had words about riding in the company's wagon; it seems from what I can learn, that private Funston rode in the wagon most all the way down, and kept those who were really sick from riding, whereupon, Gapt. Small remonstrated against it, and told Funston to get out of the wagon and let those who were sick ride, as he, Funston, was as able to walk as any man in his company; at this, Funston called Capt. Small a ​liar and struck at the Captain, at this Capt. Small drew his sword and cut Funston in the head, so Mr. Funston rode in the wagon afterwards as a wounded soldier.
Thursday, October 28, 1847.—This morning we left camp and passed over a level plain, and chased up a rabbit about the size of a young fawn. We arrived at the Villa Tepegahaulco, and rested for one hour, after which we started and passed around Mount Pizzarros and went into camp at San Martin's barracks. Before we arrived in camp we encountered a drove of puerco (hogs), and all hands made a regular charge on them and captured several. So we were not in want of any fresco vivera (fresh pork).
After the whole division arrived in camp. Col. Wynkoop, accompanied by Col. Dominguez's spy company, left for Perote Castle, which is about nine miles from San Martin. After we arrived in camp, I missed my knapsack, which, with the rest of our company's baggage, was placed in a wagon this morning, and saved us from carrying it. It was either stolen or taken in a mistake, as there was one left with nothing in except an old Mexican blanket. I assure you I was quite put out in not getting my knapsack, for I would not have lost it for any money. Its contents were a splendid Mexican woolen blanket, bullets, balls and other curiosities too numerous to mention, relics—mostly all captured at Vera Cruz, battle of Cerro Gordo and siege of Puebla. This is what I call a great loss to me. Besides, I lost my very cover and pillow. I had intended, when arriving at Vera Cruz, to send these valuable articles home, but the salteador (thief) had cheated me out of it.
The San Martin barracks are capable of holding from twenty five hundred to three thousand soldiers, and are a regular military station for troops in time of peace. There is plenty of good water drained from the mountains.
To-night it rained, but we were all under cover.
Friday, October 29, 1847.—This morning we left the barracks in the rain. It llovera (rained) powerfully all the time on our ​march; the road was knee-deep with mud and water. After a very disagreeable march we arrived at our old quarters, Castle of Perote. The four companies belonging to our regiment, and who were stationed here, were taken to the Castle, and the other six companies took quarters in the town of Perote—the same quarters where Capt. Walker's company used to quarter their horses. It having rained hard all day, we were of course wet through and through, and had no chance to dry our clothing. It of course requires no further comento (comment) but to say that we passed a very uncomfortable night; otherwise, everything passed off quietly.
On our march to-day the scenery, under favorable weather, would, perhaps, be somewhat attractive, but a stormy, cloudy sky and a drizzling cold rain made it almost unattractive and unbearable.
Saturday, October 30, 1847.—This morning we got up very stiff with rheumatism and cold.
At noon a British courier came in the town of Perote, and reported that there is a large train on the National road, from the city of Mexico, under the command of Maj.-Gen. John A. Quitman.
In the afternoon I paid a visit to the Castle Perote, where I had spent many a weary hour, and here is (as a writer said), where I often thought of the home I had left behind me; here is where I arose from my bivouac many a morning, the moon sometimes tapering like a ball of fire, and shining with dim and baleful light, it sometimes seemed to be struggling downwards through the thick banks of smoky vapor that overhung and curtained the high ridges of mountains to the north-west of us; here is where I saw many a poor and gallant soldier die, and being wrapped up in his sabandigo manta (vermin blanket), was carried or hauled out and thrown into a hole dug for that purpose. These scenes I will not soon forget.
I was very much astonished to see the number of soldiers getting their discharges, some men too, who looked better in health and much stouter than when they left their native ​homes; and again, the men who were really sick and not able to do any kind of duty, were refused their discharges. So there must be some red tape about; there were three of our company got their discharges, they were really sick and have been since we last left Jalapa City, they looked pleased on account of getting their discharges, as well as an early prospect of getting home.
In the evening I returned to the town of Perote, and at six o'clock, we received orders to march in the morning.
Sunday, October 31, 1847.—This morning we left the town of Perote, and on our march we passed a small town named Cruze Blanco. The town was entirely deserted, not a single soul could be seen. Went into camp at Las Vegas, this was also deserted, and one half of it was burned down during the guerilla fight which took place on the 20th of June. We supposed that the Mexicans retreated down to the La Hoya Pass, there to try and stop our advance, so of course we all prepared for a fight, to-day's march our advance-guard took two lancers prisoners.
To-night one of our picket-guards shot a Mexican while in the act of crawling through the fence, not more than twenty five yards from our guard, trying to kill our picket, but our fellow was too soon for him, and put him (the Mexican) out of the way first.
Monday, November 1, 1847.—This morning we found the Mexican who attempted to shoot our sentinel, a dead cock in the pit; we let him lie where he ingloriously fell in attempting to kill a Yankee.
About 7 o'clock, we left Las Vegas and soon entered the Pass of La Hoya, here we all expected a fandango. The fog was so heavy that we could not see fifty feet in advance. We went through the Pass without a shot being fired either from us or from the enemy. We marched on until we came to a small town at the foot of the Pass, here we halted and refreshed ourselves and then left, we arrived at the city of Jalapa about 3 o'clock, p.m. ​We came upon the citizens quite unexpectedly, they did not know that there were any Yankee troops coming.
This being All Saint's Day, and a great day among the priests, hooded monks and the Mexicans generally, the streets were full of regatonear (huckster) stalls, and most anything could be had in the shape of sweet-meats and confectionery.
We took up our quarters in the National armory, but did not remain long here on account of its being alive with pulga, so we vamosed out of that armory in double-quick time, we preferred sleeping out in the lluvia (rain), without shelter; I had a good place, sleeping under a balcony, but the rest of my fellow soldiers passed a disagreeable night.
To-night several of the drunken Mexicans, who no doubt got drunk at the All Saint's Day Festival, stumbled over my feet, (myself lying on the stone pavement), woke me up, and I was going for one of them when he turned back and apologized, saying muchabuns Americanos.
Tuesday, November 2, 1847.—This morning I got up stiff and sore with rheumatism, all owing to those cursed fleas which drove us out from under shelter and made us sleep out on the cold ground and in the damp air.
At 8 o'clock, a.m., we left the city, and for several miles the road was perfumed by the sweet scents of the narunjas (orange) groves, and I can assure you, the soldiers were no ways backward in helping themselves to the delicious fruit.
At noon we halted at Gen. Santa Anna's summer residence, hacienda El Encero. The last time we were here was when our army was on a chase of Gen. Santa Anna from the battle of Cerro Gordo, the 18th of April last. The hacienda (an estate of wealth), is now unoccupied and nearly gone to wreck. This seems hard, when a man like Santa Anna buys an estate and then cannot live on it without these infernal Yankees all the time hunting him up like so many wolves.
Wednesday, November 3, 1847.—This morning we left El Encero, and passed through the historic Pass, Cerro Gordo, which means (greasy or oily hill). I know it was well greased ​on the 18th of April last. We found several pieces of artillery, sword and two spiked cannons, also plenty of cannonballs and broken muskets, all belonging to the Mexican army, before the battle of Cerro Gordo was fought. When we came to the breastworks across the National road, we halted and viewed the battle-ground where many a noble and gallant soldier (on both sides) fell on the 18th of April, 1847.
At 4 o'clock, p.m., we arrived at our old camp-ground, Plan del Rio, here in this camp, on the 17th of April, I, like all my fellow comrades laid myself cautiously down with my weary head upon my knapsack and my musket by my side, before the battle of Cerro Gordo was fought, and the excitement of that evening is yet fresh in my memory. I noticed that the Mexicans have blown up the venustola (beautiful) cemented bridge crossing the Plan del Rio. This was done by the guerillas to stop Gen. George Cadwalader's division (when on his way to the capital), but all to no good. Gen. Cadwalader planted a piece of artillery on top of a hill, and soon drove them away, and then cut a road around the slope of the river.
In the evening Cols. Wynkoop and Dominguez's spy company went on to the Puenta Nacional (National bridge) after some provisions for our regiment as our men were tired, hungry and low spirited on account of having had only half enough to eat.
Thursday, November 4, 1847.—This morning at 3 o'clock the sick and discharged soldiers left for Vera Cruz, and there to ship for their sweet homes, there are about two hundred of them.
There seems to be a good deal of dissatisfaction among our men, and some are making a big fuss about Col. Wynkoop going off and leaving no provisions for us.
In the evening some of our soldiers held a council of war, to determine what was to be done, whether to go on to the National bridge or go back to Jalapa, they decided unanimously in favor of the National bridge; after which, they ​went in swimming in the River of the Plains to cool off, the sun being excessively hot all day. After this performance was over, we all laid ourselves down to sleep. Everything is quiet, no life except in the little oasis occupied by our camp. There is no noise or voice of animals, no hum of insects to disturb our quarters as is the general case at most all the other places of encampment on our travels.
To-night no sign yet of Col. Wynkoop with his provisions he promised to bring us.
Friday, November 5, 1847.—This morning we were determined to march on to the National bridge to get something to eat, so about eight o'clock, when we were about to start, some of Col. Jack Hays' men came in camp saying that Gen. Patterson was coming with a large train and thirty-five hundred troops; so most of our men stationed themselves along the road to give the old Cerro Gordo veteran a reception.
The General soon arrived, when our men gave him three hearty cheers, the General uncovered and said: " My brave and gallant soldiers, I am extremely happy and glad to see what is left of you, and feel happy that we are once more together; and I hope we may not be parted again until the termination of this war." Cheers.
Next came Col. Jack Hays with five companies of mounted Texan rangers, and we gave him three good cheers; they are a fine body of men and well mounted, with six-shooting rifles.
About 5 o'clock this evening, we left camp to make room for Gen. Patterson's division and train; we marched on until 11 o'clock to-night, and went into camp at a hacienda named Corl Flasco, about three miles from Gen. Santa Anna's residence. Here was a great time, midnight, and we could not find a drop of water to make a cup of coffee, or anything else. There was much dissatisfaction among the men, plenty of rations but no water.
Saturday, November 6, 1847.—This morning, at 8 o'clock, we left camp and arrived at Encero; here we halted and Co. ​K, First Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, was detailed to kill beef and bring it to Jalapa City, after which we left and arrived at Jalapa in the afternoon. In fact, before we got to the city the boys broke ranks and all rushed for the orange groves along the road.
This evening, at 8 o'clock, the beef party came in to our quarters, bringing plenty of the finest and fattest cattle.
To-night, one of Co. B, Second Artillery, was stabbed by a Mexican. The Alcalda promises to go for the would-be assassin in the morning.
Sunday, November 7, 1847.—This morning is splendid, and there is a large and splendid market here. I saw some of the best of fruits, the finest pineapples I have ever seen, and the best flavored; price, one picayune, and oranges ten for a claco.
At noon, the advance came in, which was Col. Jack Hays' regiment, or five companies of Texan rangers. The first wagon came in at 2 o'clock, p.m., and in the evening the rear was not yet in town. This is the largest train that has left Vera Cruz for the city of Mexico; it is accompanied by a Baltimore brass battery, commanded by Capt. Lloyd Tilghman.
Monday, November 8, 1847.—This morning. Gen. Patterson's train left the city for the old camp-ground, about three miles from the city, where it will remain and rest for the present, there not being room enough for all the troops and wagons in town, and at noon, we received orders to move from our present quarters to the National Guards' armory, which fronts on the main plaza, as the church or college is to be occupied by the sick and wounded soldiers for a hospital. All day the city was one bustle with troops and wagons, which made things look like business around the city. The last train from Vera Cruz brings the Fifth Ohio regiment, which was out last year under Gen. Z. Taylor. They went home, reorganized and came out again. I should think they have seen the elephant on the Rio Granda (Great river), if not, they will surely see him on Gen. Scott's route before they get home again. The fleas must have followed the fresh Yankees, just arrived, as the last time ​we were in this building we were compelled to leave it on account of so many fleas. Good-bye, fleas.
Tuesday, November 9, 1847.—This morning, Col. Wynkoop was made Governor of Jalapa City; he immediately issued orders for dress parade every evening and roll call, etc.
To-day the mail was distributed among the lucky ones. I received one letter from Henry Strunk.
In the afternoon, there was a considerable fuss raised in our quarters about some horses being taken from the Mexicans. The Mexicans wanted to search our quarters for the lost horses, but our fellows would not submit to it and soon turned them out of our quarters, well satisfied to go without the horses.
Wednesday, November 10, 1847.—This morning, we received clothing from the Quartermaster and all old soldiers got a full suit from head to foot. This being the first regular clothing we drew since we have been in the United States service, and I assure you we all stood much in need thereof It now being nearly a year since we were in service, and if it was not for the clothing we captur from the Mexicans one-half of our army would have to go naked. Oh, how good care our Government is taking of her noble sons, now fighting the bloody Mexicans. Every member of the head of our Government, from the President down, ought to be made a present of a leather medal for their faithful performance in providing for the confort and welfare of her sons.
At noon, the advance of another train came in town and reported that it is encamped at Encero.
To-night, several soldiers came down from Perote Castle and reported a large train coming from the city of Mexico.
Thursday, November 11, 1847.—This morning, the train from the city of Mexico, on its way to Vera Cruz, passed around Jalapa City, on its way to Encero, there to camp for the night. In the meanwhile the train from Vera Cruz came into town and everything was bustle and confusion in the city; the train from Vera Cruz is ordered out to the camp-ground. While the train from the city of Mexico was passing around Jalapa, Gen. ​James Shields passed through this city. Our soldiers soon got wind of it and all gathered around him and gave him six hearty cheers. After which the General said: "Soldiers, the battalion of the First Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, which held Puebla City against a combined force of eight thousand troops, commanded by Gen. Santa Anna, has gained the highest pinnacle of fame. Again, had the Second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers a flag, it would have been the first regiment to plant the Stars and Stripes upon the gates of San Casmo or Belen." (Cheers, which made the very hills around Jalapa City echo.) He again said, "Pennsylvania can be proud of her sons in Mexico, fighting for its flag and country. Goodbye," and away he went in the midst of the utmost enthusiasm. It will be remembered the General was wounded in the arm at the storming of the castle of Chapultepec and still carries his arm in a sling.
Friday, November 12, 1847.—This morning, having nothing to do, so friend Kelly, of Co. K, our regiment, and myself concluded to take a walk out to the orange groves. We went there and spent some time, after which we took a walk to a hacienda, the country seat of an English manufacturer, named Welsh. After spending several hours with him we left.
In the evening, one of our picket guard shot, I think, one of Co. D, First Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, through the arm, fracturing it so much that it had to be amputated, What cause this man had to interfere with the guard, I am unable to say, but he had no business there.
Saturday, November 13, 1847.—This morning, a guerilla cut his throat from ear to ear in the guard-house. He was caught by Col. Jack Hays' Texan Rangers, coming up from Vera Cruz. He was captured and surrendered at Vera Cruz, let go on parole of honor not to fight again during the war. He was again captured at the battle of Cerro Gordo, but not known to our officers, let go on parole of honor, and again captured leading a guerilla band; but this time he was recognized by some of our officers and tried by court-martial, found ​guilty of all three charges and sentenced to be hung on Tuesday next, for violating and breaking his parole of honor; but the guerilla no doubt thought that he would have compassion on us Yankees and save us the trouble of erecting a scaffold, so he put an end to his miserable life by cutting his throat with a knife. This was the first person that I ever saw with his throat cut so clear from ear to ear, and I do not wish to see another. It was an awful sight to see the big gap open and the blood running over the floor. He was soon taken out of the guard-house and hauled away and buried in a separate lot, and thrown in the grave as he fell in the guard-house.
In the evening, I noticed the main Plaza all nicely laid off in blocks by sand being sprinkled around. I inquired of the Superintendent the cause and was informed that it was for the buyers to walk on and to let the market people know where to let the passage open.
Sunday, November 14, 1847.—This morning, the market was very large and well attended with purchasers, and everything was sold reasonable, especially the oranges, twelve to fifteen for one claco.
At noon, Mr. Alburtus Welsh, who has been acting Commissary for our company since Charles A. Jones, who has been discharged, resigned the office, and Hosa Snethern, of our company, took the position.
Monday, November 15, 1 847,—-This morning I took a walk out to Capt. Lloyd Tilghman's brass battery; it is the finest battery in the service. They were drilling at the time, and drilled remarkably well; and if they are as good in action as they drill and look, they will do good service. This battery hails from Baltimore City, and is accompanied by the Baltimore Battalion. Dress parade every evening.
Tuesday November 16, 1847.—This morning a party of us started with a grain-bag to the orange groves. Here we filled our bag, and then laid around in the shady grove, after which we started back to our quarters well filled with the delicious fruit. ​In the evening a party of our men, with guitars, violins, and accordeons, serenaded Gen. Patterson at his headquarters. He came to the front and thanked the party most kindly for their kindness. While they were serenading Gen. Patterson, the housetops, windows and balconies were all filled with hidalgos and venustola senoritas (gentlemen and beautiful ladies).
Wednesday, November 17, 1847.—This morning the military court-martial sat. The first case that was called up was a soldier named Welsh (not our Welsh), for breaking his musket intentionally; but they could not find him guilty, and he was released at once and ordered to join his company. Several other cases were called up for disobeying orders and other trifling and petty charges, which did not amount to much, so the court adjourned for the day.
Thursday, November 18, 1847.—This morning, the courtrnartial sat at 10 o'clock, but soon afterwards adjourned on accourt of the absence of witnesses.
At noon, I took a walk around the suburban grounds of Jalapa and found it very beautiful to the eye. The orange, lemon and banana trees were heavily laden. I have never seen trees so heavily laden as those orange trees. I also noticed the so-called turkey buzzards were flying (like at Vera Cruz) very boldly through the streets and around our quarters. They have red necks and feet, and, strange to say, the only places they roost upon are the crosses upon the church towers, and the sight of three of these black coats, perched upon either arm and on top of these white emblems, forms a novel, if not cheerful spectacle. One involuntarily thinks of the crucifixion and the two thieves.
It is rumored this evening, that Col. George W. Hughes, commander of the Second Maryland and District of Columbia regiment, is appointed Governor of Jalapa City, and is to remain here as the main garrison, and that our detachment is soon to rnarch on to the city of Mexico. Good news for us.
Friday, November 19, 1847.—This morning, the court-martial sat ard tried two wagon teamsters for killing a poor, innocent ​Mexican boy. The court found them both guilty and sentenced them to be hung. Also two Texan Rangers, Hays' men, were tried for stealing money and blankets from the Mexicans, after which the court adjourned, and myself and several more took a walk out to the old Camp Misery, where we encamped last May. I passed the very spot where we built a ranch to sleep under.
In the evening, I returned to our quarters in this city in time for the dress parade, where orders were read to us that there would be an inspection to-morrow.
To-night, Capt. Wm. F. Binder's Co. E, First Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, held a dancing party and ended in a regular fight among themselves. They came clear over to our quarters, but we soon made them vamose from our place, as we don't approve of such conduct.
Saturday, November 20, 1847.—This morning, our regiment paraded in the Plaza and marched down near the Vera Cruzoras Hotel, to Gen. Patterson's headquarters, and was reviewed by him, and before we were dismissed Col. Geo. W. Hughes, U. S. A., who is now Governor of Jalapa City, ordered the following orders to be read to us: "That whenever a soldier meets an officer, to step to one side and give the sidewalk to the officer, and to take off their caps, and any soldier refusing to comply with these orders shall be arrested, put in the guardhouse and court-martialed." After the parade was dismissed we gave three groans for Gov. Hughes. It was not long before a petty regular officer came along and meeting several of our soldiers, and because these soldiers did not take off their caps or step aside, the officer drew his sword and struck the men with his sword. At this instant a half dozen mounted the officer and gave him a good beating, and had it not been for Col. Wynkoop, who happened to be near the scene, appealing to the men to forgive the officer and let him go, not for his sake but for the sake of old Pennsylvania, the State we now represent in this war. So the soldiers let him go, but at the same time telling him that if he ever attempts to strike ​another soldier-he would not get off so easy. But I think he will not attempt to knock another soldier down with his sword hereafter. Our men have respect for an officer of knowledge, but they are down on all those young petty officers who are nothing but mere boys.
Sunday, November 21, 1847.—This morning the military court sat, and disposed of some business, after which they passed sentence on Col. Juan Clamaco and Capt. —— (whose name I did not get), two guerilla officers. One of them has been taken prisoner three times—first, at Vera Cruz surrender; second, at the battle of Cerro Gordo; and third, on a skirmish. Each time he was captured he gave his parole of honor not to fight or join the Mexican army during the said war, unless exchanged. Sentence—Death.
When the citizens of Jalapa heard that these guerilla officers were captured, tried and condemned to death, they made a big fuss, and threatened what they would do to us Yankees when they once got the chance or power over us. We told them that they could hang or shoot every one of our officers who broke his parole of honor, without any court-martial.
The Mexicans expected that the execution was going to take place to-day, for I noticed all the stores were closed and all kinds of business suspended; people were standing in groups, talking and whispering—no doubt of the execution of the two Mexican officers-—and by their loud talking and the motioning of their hands, etc., it looks as if they were very angry.
In the evening a delegation of some fifty well-dressed ladies waited on Gen. Patterson, using all their influence to have these Mexican officers' lives spared, and to imprison them until the termination of this war; but Gen. Patterson told these ladies that he regretted that it fell to his lot to execute these officers, that these officers whom the court had condemned had sacrificed their parole of honor three times, and that it was the law of all nations at war, that when a soldier sacrifices his parole of honor, death is his doom. So these officers, ​having violated their pledges as officers, will have to suffer the penalty of the law, and that is death, and nothing under heaven will save them from death. The ladies went away weeping and crying like little children.
Monday, November 22, 1847.—This morning the court-martial again sat, and, after transacting some business, passed sentence of death on the two American teamsters who, a few days ago, killed a Mexican boy. Their object was robbery; they will be executed to-morrow. The two guerilla officers. Col. Juan Clamaco and a Captain, who wouldn't give his name—on whom sentence was passed yesterday—are to be executed on Wednesday next. Also passed sentence of death on two privates belonging to Col. Geo. W. Hughes' Second Maryland Regiment. Their charge is, sleeping on their picket-post, and they are to be shot on Thursday next. This is the most severe court-martial that ever sat in Mexico or in any other civilized country. The court is now six days in session, and in those six days it has condemned to death two Mexican officers—which was just—and four American citizens. If this kind of court were held in every small division of our army, there wouldn't be many left to fight the Mexicans. The sentence of death of the two Baltimoreans is an outrage. They were not allowed the privilege of defending themselves, to show their innocence of the crime, and nothing under the sun convicted these poor soldiers except that they were privates belonging to a volunteer regiment. They were tried by regular officers, who, we all know, hold perjuicio (prejudice) against the volunteers. Also sentenced one of our men, named Jame.s, B. Wilson, who, while intoxicated, took a pair of socks, worth fifteen cents, out of a barrel. He was tried, found guilty and sentenced to be taken to the castle of San Juan de Ulloa in irons, and there kept at hard labor, forfeit all his pay, have his head shaved and remain confined until the termination of the present war, and then receive a dishonorable discharge from the service. Who ever heard of such a heavy sentence for fifteen cents? It is one of the most ​ outrageous sentences that has ever been heard of in any civilized country. It made our Captain Small and the men swear like troopers, saying that they will not give him up.
This evening Capt. Small promised us that he would use his utmost efforts to have J. B. Wilson, of our company, released before he leaves us.
Tuesday November 23, 1847.—This morning, as soon as we got up, the whole conversation and talk was about the severe sentence of our comrade James B. Wilson, and the punishment for such a trifling thing as a pair of socks; had it been some of our thieving Quartermasters who are robbing us poor soldiers out of our rations every day by the thousands, or some petty regular officer, there would not have been anything said or done about it. I can hear a mormullo (murmuring) voice from some of the Baltimoreans, that some of those very officers who sat on that military court-martial, will be put out of the way the first chance.
At 10 o'clock, a.m., orders were read to us, stating that we would march back to the Castle Perote, to-morrow morning, and to have two days' rations with us.
At noon we were ordered out for guard duty, during the execution of the two teamsters; in fact, nearly all the military in and around Jalapa City were ordered out for guard, and to be in readiness in case wanted.
Our regiment formed in a circle around the scaffold; here we waited for about ten minutes, when the ambulance wagon containing the two condemned prisoners arrived, guarded on each side by Col. Irwin's Second Ohio Regiment; we opened column, and then let the ambulance wagon pass in near the scaffold; after which, we again closed column. The prisoners jumped off the wagon, walking with steady step up to the scaffold, looking to neither side. The priest followed them on the scaffold, and after some little talking, praying and kissing of the crucifix, the cap was drawn over their faces.
All left the platform except the two prisoners, who were shaking and trembling like a leaf ​The rope attached to the trap was pulled at 12.30 o'clock, when the two men swung off in the air, in the midst of the tolling of church bells, in the neighborhood.
While the prisoners were ascending the scaffold, the band played the Marseilles hymn. One died without a struggle, while the other, Mr. Meecks, suffered very much, strangling and struggling for some time.
Mr. Meecks hailed from Gettysburg, Pennsylvania; the other one was a foreigner, he wouldn't give his name.
After hanging for nearly half an hour, they were pronounced dead, and lowered. During this time, some of the Ohio men talked pretty loud, saying that it was an outrage to hang these men.
After they were lowered, the military moved on past the scaffold. The music not playing until we had passed the scaffold; we then marched to our quarters, where we were dismissed for the balance of the day.
I noticed that the Mexicans who witnessed the execution, watched every movement of the prisoners. The Mexicans shoot their prisoners in place of hanging.
Wednesday, November 24, 1847.—This morning, according to the orders read to us yesterday, we were formed in the plaza ready to start on our march, but orders came from Col. Hughes, not to leave until the two Mexican officers (convicted the other day) are executed.
About 9 o'clock, a.m., the ambulance wagon containing the two guerilla officers made its appearance near the scaffold. The wagon stopped at the front of the gallows, the same on which the teamsters were executed yesterday. There were a great crowd of Mexicans gathered around the prisoners to bid them good-bye.
Among them I noticed an aged mother and a sister of Col. Juan Clamaco; they of course wrung their hands, wept and took it very hard. They were told that the time of execution had arrived, and that the friends should take leave. ​After shaking hands and kissing one another, they walked straight forward and mounted the scaffold, accompanied by the priest, and after going through the Catholic ceremonies, the priest left them. The trap door was let go, and then the two Mexican officers who had three times broken their parole of honor, swung off in the air, in the midst of shrill cries and shock among the Mexicans.
All the church bells throughout the city were tolling while they were hanging; both died very hard, and hung fully half an hour before they were pronounced dead. After which they were lowered, and I believe, handed over to their friends for burial.
During the execution, some of the Mexicans in the back ground could be seen cursing and swearing.
After the excitement was all over we were ordered to march back to our quarters and stack arms, after which we marched with our side-arms down to Capt. Small's quarters to bid him good-bye, as he is going home to take his seat in the Senate of Pennsylvania, to which office he was elected last October. Sergeant Zeigle was the spokesman. After going over the career of Capt. Small's brilliant achievements as an officer and soldier, he wished him a safe return to the State and the bosom of his family, which he left nearly two years ago. Capt. Small responded in his usual happy style with very appropriate remarks, regretting that he had to leave us, as he would love to be with us on our march to the capital of Mexico, and wound up by saying that he had succeeded in getting James B. Wilson, of our company, clear of his sentence, and that he will march with us to-day to the city of Mexico. This announcement caused a great deal of joy amongst our company, and three rousing cheers were then given for Capt. Small, for the liberation of our comrade James B. Wilson. After this we all shook hands with the Captain and bid him good-bye and a safe journey to his family. We then returned to where we had stacked our muskets, when orders were given to take arms, shoulder arms, right face, forward march, and ​we left the city of Jalapa, glad that we Pennsylvanians would have nothing to do in the shooting of the two Baltimoreans who are sentenced to be shot to-day at noon.
We are now under the command of our First Lieut. Aquilla Haines, a competent and clever officer. We marched on until we came to La Hoya where we stacked arms and camped for the night. The day was pleasant; the woods resounded with the songs of the birds, the air balmy, and light fleecy clouds floating over our heads. For our supper we had pollito, we captured on our march. To-night it is blowing colder.
Thursday, November 25, 1847.—This morning we were all astonished to see nieve and yelo, snow and ice, on the ground, which made the air cold and very uncomfortable. We hurried and got on our march; our company was detailed as the rear guard. This day's march was the worst we had for some time; snowing, raining, and sometimes hailing, nearly all day. Lodo, lodo, (mud, mud). All the way over one-half of our wagons stuck in the mud up to the hubs, stalled, and such another way of lashing the poor mules and swearing I never heard before. We marched on and passed Las Vegas and arrived at Cruz Blanco at 5 o'clock, p.m. Here a squad of us captured a deserted ranche, made a fire, cooked our coffee and dried our clothing, and waited until dark for the wagons which were left back, sticking in the lodo; but none of the wagons made their appearance. So we were obliged to stop here and sleep on the bare ground without our blankets, as they are in the wagons, but we were fortunate to have shelter; yet the smell and the moist atmosphere was most too effluviable and powerful for any but accustomed noses. The rats scampered here and there over our feet, and the fleas and other creeping things held a circus all night in the other end of the room. To-night it is very dark, raining and chilly.
Friday, November 26, 1847.—This morning we got up early; good reason why—couldn't sleep or rest for the infernal rats, who held a perpetual circus. We gathered around our campfires, warmed ourselves and dried our clothing, also learned ​that one of our teamsters was frozen to death last night. Gen. Patterson now came riding by, saying, "Good morning, men; I suppose you all feel cold. We answered, "Yes, sir; and hungry, too" [Laughter], and he passed on, after which a mula, loaded with bananas, came along. We captured the fruit and divided it among the men, after which we left camp for Perote, saying, "We will not starve as long as we can get anything to eat."
We arrived in camp about 2 o'clock, p.m., and took up our quarters in the town of Perote, much fatigued, tired out and hungry, yet feeling rejoiced that we arrived safely.
In the evening the trains began to come in slowly, and some of the teamsters tell us that this has been one of the hardest and worst marches that they ever experienced in all Mexico, and there are some of these teamsters who have been driving for Uncle Sam through the Florida and Texan wars. Met with no accident except the frozen man.
History tells us that Friday is a regular red-letter day. Its calendars mark great events all along the centuries of American history. Columbus first set sail from Europe on Friday, first saw land on the continent on Friday, and on his way home returned on Friday; Conqueror Cortez first landed on the shores of Mexico on Friday; it was on Friday that the Mayflower first reached the shores of New England; it was on Friday that the pilgrims landed on Plymouth Rock; it was on Friday, in the cabin of the vessel, that the first written constitution in our country—the form of our government—was signed; it was on Friday that the battle of Bunker Hill was fought; it was on Priday that Yorktown surrendered to our army; it was on Friday that I was born; it was on Friday that I first made up my mind to enlist in the United States army. So this Friday is heroic also.
Saturday, November 27, 1847.—This morning it is very cold, the ground has a light coat of snow, and the hills around here are covered with a good coat of the same. Mount Cofrades has a good share of it, making it very cold and chilly. ​In the afternoon, Gen. Patterson paid a visit to the Castle of Perote, and as he entered the Castle a salute from the different batteries in the Castle were fired in honor of his arrival.
This evening quite a row was kicked up in town at the Plaza between our regiment and the Ohio Regiment, about some trifling thing, but I believe the Pennsylvania boys gained the day and made the Buckeyes back water. It ended by officers belonging to both regiments interfering.
To-night I am informed that the Ohio regiment will have to march to-morrow for their disorderly and unsoldier-like conduct.
Monday, November 28, 1847.—This morning, the brigade consisting of the Second Ohio Regiment and regular recruits, left Perote under the command of Lieut. Col. Moore and Brig. Gen. Caleb Gushing. This was owing to their unruly conduct of yesterday, which was noticed by Gen. Patterson, who ordered them to march to-day for Puebla City. When they passed our quarters words passed and some blows were struck, and it was with difficulty that our boys could be kept in their quarters, keeping them from going for the Buckeyes.
In the evening, we received orders to march to-morrow morning for Puebla. Capt. Herron's Co. K, First Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, was to be attached to the Massachusetts regiment, but they kicked against it. So Lieut. Col. S. W. Black had that part countermanded and brought all things to right again. By-the-by, Brig. Gen. Caleb Gushing is the most comical looking general I have ever seen, and is made fun of by all the soldiers. I hope we will never be attached to his brigade.
Monday, November 29, 1847.—This morning, at 8 o'clock, we left Perote and marched about twenty miles, passing several large haciendas and went into camp at the town of Tepegahualco. We were placed in the advance of the division and marched very fast. This was owing to the brags the Massachusetts men made, that they could out-march any regiment on the road. They were left in the rear for over five miles. ​strung all along the road and did not get into camp until late. The best part of the road was very dusty and unpleasant to march upon. We can soon tell when we get near to towns, for the manguey plants make their first appearance before we enter into any town. It is used here as a fence; some of the plants are called the organo, and are as straight as an arrow.
Tuesday, November 30, 1847.—This morning we left Tepegahualco at daylight, and passed several beautiful villages, and over a sandy road and plain.
The fields are filled with wheat, corn, barley and beans. When on our last march these crops were all green, but now they are reaped and stacked. We did not stop at the usual stopping place, but went on to the second stopping place, making two days' marching into one. We went into camp about 5 o'clock, p.m., and up to 10 o'clock to-night the soldiers are not all in camp yet.
One of our Dragoons reported that he saw two of our men lying along the ruta, stripped of all their clothing and with their throats cut, no doubt done by the guerillas who are constantly watching the straggling soldiers, and rush out of the chaparral and kill our men. This is all Col. Wynkoop's fault he wants to march us through in four days, so as to have something to brag about.
Wednesday, December i, 1847.—This morning we left camp early, and actually the men could hardly keep up they were so stiff from marching. We passed several large haciendas, and went into camp about 3 o'clock, p.m., at El Pinol.
We had intended to go through the Pass, but the Massachusetts and the other new regiments lagged so far behind, that we were obliged to stop here for the night.
This evening about 6 o'clock, word came to our camp, that the guerillas were killing our stragglers (soldiers), back at the town, so Col. Wynkoop ordered a company of Col. Jack Hays' mounted rangers to go in pursuit of them, with instructions, that if they caught any of the guerillas, to show them no quarter. ​Off they started and about lo o'clock to-night, they returned bringing in two of the guerillas as suspicious; they shot two. This is one of the seven wonders, that the Texan rangers brought the guerillas in as prisoners, for they generally shoot them on the spot where captured. But being captured without arms and on suspicion only, saved the Mexicans from death. They also brought in two of our men, (Massachusetts), tied on a mule, with their throats cut.
This ought to be a warning to all soldiers not to lag behind but keep up with the army. But it seems the men are entirely worn out and unable to march any distance, and thus they lay themselves down by the wayside and go to sleep, and the first thing, a guerilla comes out of a chaparral close by and cuts the soldier's throat while sleeping.
Thursday, December 2, 1847.—This morning we left camp and went through the El Pinol Pass without seeing a agrasiento (greaser), or having a shot fired at us while going through.
We went into camp at Amozoquco, and as we were going into town, one man named McCage, attached to our company, received a shot in his arm. At this, a party armed themselves and went in pursuit of the cowardly greasers; they set fire to several ranches in the vicinity where the shots came from, and in fooling around, they started up several lancers, and fired several shots at them, but without effect, they flying to the mountains.
Our men broke open a suspicious looking building, and found that is was an artillery school, having in it several pieces of light artillery, a small mortar and a few muskets.
Friday December 3, 1847.—This morning we left the town of Amozoquco. We saw several guerillas going over toward the mountains, but we did not think it worth while going after them.
We arrived at Puebla about noon, and for several miles out we were met by members of our regiment who were left here, they being too unwell to go on a big march; also a great many of our Mexican acquaintances coming out to welcome us back. ​At Puebla we took up our quarters, about two squares from Quartel San Jose, our former headquarters, on the street leading to the main plaza.
When we arrived there, Col. Thomas Childs came to meet us, and was received with a tremendous cheering from those half starved Yankees whom he commanded during the long siege of Puebla, the men crying out "We know no surrender!"
Col. Childs took off his cap, bowed and said, "That the cheers and shouts just given, put him in mind of the many hurrahs during the siege, and particularly more so, when Gen. Santa Anna, with about eight thousand troops, appeared at the outside of the city, demanding of him, Col. Childs, to surrender up his three hundred soldiers, to his Excellency, Gen. Santa Anna. I sent word back 'No, never will I surrender my little band of brave men, we will fight it out until the last man falls.' " Cheers.
"You will also remember when myself and your Lieut. Col. Black went from one station to another announcing Gen. Santa Anna's request to surrender, and your reply was, 'No, no, never will we surrender,'" with cheers and hurrah, which made the volcanic hills shake. "Again let me tell you, Pennsylvanians, that I will never, the longest day of my life, forget the heroic conduct and patriotism you have showed during the siege of Puebla." He, then, with a wave of his cap, left in the midst of cheering and clapping of hands. During this little excitement and speech, most all the new troops and Mexicans gathered silently around Col. Childs and listened with deep interest to his remarks and mingled their cheers with ours, and at the same time commenced asking many questions about the siege of Puebla, and how it was that we could hold out so long and repulse Gen. Santa Anna's eight thousand troops. We answered, that it was the confidence we had in our officers, and a determination on our part never to yield an inch, and to hold out till the last man drops.
It will be remembered that when we were first placed under the command of Col. Childs, he was not liked by our men. ​Col. Childs is a regular officer and a great disciplinarian. This is enough to make any officer unpopular among the volunteers. The hair-cutting order made him very unpopular among the volunteers, but we soon got over that, and to-day he is one of the most popular officers now in our army.
In the evening we received orders from Gen. Patterson that we will continue on our march to-morrow for the city of Mexico, but I fear that I will not be able to go along on account of blistered feet and a bad cold contracted on our last march. So I suppose I will be handed over to the tender mercy of the diarrhœa blues until the arrival of the next coming train from Vera Cruz, which is now on its way up. Later, my friend Alburtus Welsh came to see me, and stated that he will not be able to march to-morrow, so I will have company.