# The War with Mexico/Volume 2/Maps, Conspectus and Spanish

MAPS AND PLANS IN VOLUME TWO
As equally good sources disagree sometimes, a few inconsistencies are unavoidable. Numerous errors have been corrected. An asterisk indicates an unpublished source. Statements, cited in the notes, have also been used.
| | | page |
| 1. | The Fortress of San Juan de Ulúa in 1854 | 21 |
| | From a *plan in the War Dept., Washington. | |
| 2. | Siege of Vera Cruz: General Plan | 24 |
| | From a map drawn by McClellan from surveys done by six American officers (N. Y. City Public Library); a map drawn by order of Lieut. Col. Henry Wilson (War Dept., Washington). | |
| 3. | Siege of Vera Cruz: The American Works | 28 |
| | From a map drawn by Lieut. Foster, based on surveys of four American officers (War Dept., Washington). | |
| 4. | From Vera Cruz to Perote | 39 |
| | Based on a map issued by Manouvrier and Snell, New Orleans, 1847 (Papers of N. P. Trist). | |
| 5. | Contour Lines near Cerro Gordo | 40 |
| | From a *drawing in the War College, Washington. | |
| 6. | Battle of Cerro Gordo : General Map | 43 |
| | Based on a map drawn by Lieut. Coppée from the surveys of Maj. Turnbull and Capt. McClellan (Sen. Ex. Doc. 1 ; 30 Cong., 1 sess.) ; a map drawn by McClellan (Mass. Hist. Society) ; a *sketch of a reconnaissance by Lieut. Tower (War Dept., Washington) ; *Croquis de la Posición del campo de Cerro Gordo, 1847 (War Dept., Washington); a plan by I. A. de Soiecki (Vera Cruz City archives); and a *sketch by Lieut. Thos. Williams (among his letters). | |
| 7. | Battle of Cerro Gordo: Central Portion | 51 |
| | Based on the same sources as No. 6 supra. | |
| 8. | From Jalapa to Puebla | 61 |
| | Based on a Fomento Dept. map. | |
| 9. | Profile of the Route from Vera Cruz to Mexico | 62 |
| | From a map published by Manouvrier and Snell, New Orleans, 1847 (Papers of N. P. Trist). | |
| 10. | A Part of the Valley of Mexico | 80 |
| | From a map surveyed and drawn by Lieut. M. L. Smith and Bvt. Capt. Hardcastle (Sen. Ex. Doc. 11 ; 31 Cong., 1 sess.) ; and a map by Balbontín (Invasión Americana). | |
| 11. | Battles of August 19 and 20, 1847 : General Map | 100 |
| | Based on a map drawn by Hardcastle from the surveys of Maj. Turnbull, Capt. McClellan and Lieut. Hardcastle (Sen. Ex. Doc. 1; 30 Cong., 1 sess.) ; the Smith and Hardcastle map (No. 10 supra); a *map drawn by Capt. Barnard from the surveys of Capt. Mason and Lieuts. Beauregard, McClellan, and Foster (War Dept., Washington) ; a map drawn by Hardcastle from the surveys of Mason and Hardcastle (Sen. Ex. Doc. 1 ; 30 Cong., 1 sess.) ; a map in Apuntes; and a map drawn by McClellan (Mass. Hist. Society). | ​ |
| 12. | Battle of Contreras | 107 |
| | Based on the Turnbull map (No. 11 supra) ; a *plan of Capt. Gardner (Pierce Papers) ; *notes by Capt. Henshaw on a map by Hardcastle (Mass. Hist. Society) ; a *sketch by Lieut. Collins, 4th Artillery (Collins Papers) ; New Orleans Picayune, Sept. 12, 1847 ; a plan by Balbontin (Invasion Americana) ; and a map in Apuntes. | |
| 13. | Battle of Churubusco | 111 |
| | Based on the Turnbull map (No. 11 supra) ; a map drawn by Hardcastle from the surveys of Mason and Hardcastle (Sen. Ex. Doc. 1 ; 30 Cong., 1 sess.) ; and a sketch by Balbontin ("Invasion Americana"). | |
| 14. | The Tete de Pont, Churubusco | 112 |
| | *Drawn by Lieuts. Beauregard and Tower from Beauregard's survey (War Dept., Washington). | |
| 15. | Profile of East Curtain, Tete de Pont, Churubusco | 113 |
| | *Drawn by Beauregard from the surveys of Lieuts. McClellan, Beauregard, and Foster (War Dept., Washington). | |
| 16. | The Fortifications of Churubusco Convent | 114 |
| | *Drawn by Beauregard and Tower from Beauregard's survey (War Dept., Washington). | |
| 17. | Battles of Mexico : General Map | 141 |
| | Based on a map drawn by Hardcastle from the surveys of Turnbull, McClellan, and Hardcastle (Sen. Ex. Doc. 1 ; 30 Cong., 1 sess.) ; and a map drawn by McClellan and Hardcastle (published by the government). | |
| 18. | Battle of Molino del Key | 143 |
| | Based on the maps specified under No. 17 supra; a sketch by Hardcastle (Sen. Ex. Doc. 1 ; 30 Cong., 1 sess.) ; and a sketch in New Orleans Picayune, Oct. 17, 1847. | |
| 19. | Battle of Chapultepec | 150 |
| | Based upon the maps specified under No. 17 supra; a *sketch drawn by Tower from surveys of Beauregard and Tower (War Dept., Washington) ; a plan accompanying Gen. Quitman report (Sen. Ex. Doc. 1 ; 30 Cong., 1 sess.) ; "recollections of Senor D. Ignacio Molina, Chief Cartographer of the Fomento Dept., Mexico. | |
| 20. | Blindage at Chapultepec | 151 |
| 21. | The Citadel, Mexico, in 1840 (War Dept. *plan, Washington). | 159 |
| 22. | Alvarado, Mexico | 198 |
| | A *plan by J. L. Mason (War Dept., Washington). | |
| 23. | A Part of Tabasco River | 205 |
| | Based on a map in Ho. Ex. Doc. 1 ; 30 Cong., 2 sess. | ​ |
| 24. | Guaymas, Mexico | 206 |
| | From a plan in Ho. Ex. Doc. 1 ; 30 Cong., 2 sess. | |
| 25. | Mazatlán, Mexico | 207 |
| | From a *drawing by Commander Wouldridge of Brigantine Spy (Admiralty Papers, Public Record Office, London). | |
| 26. | The Tip of Lower California | 207 |
| | Based on a map in Sen. Ex. Doc. 18; 31 Cong., 1 sess. | |
| 27. | Territory acquired from Mexico | 241 |
| CONSPECTUS OF EVENTS ||
| 1845 ||
| March. | The United States determines to annex Texas; W. S. Parrott sent to conciliate Mexico. |
| July. | Texas consents; Taylor proceeds to Corpus Christi. |
| Oct. 17. | Larkin appointed a conﬁdential agent in California. |
| Nov. 10. | Slidell ordered to Mexico. |
| Dec. 20. | Slidell rejected by Herrera. |
| 1846 ||
| Jan. 13. | Taylor ordered to the Rio Grande. |
| Mar. 8. | Taylor marches from Corpus Christi. |
| 21. | Slidell finally rejected by Paredes |
| 28. | Taylor reaches the Rio Grande. |
| Apr. 25. | Thornton attacked. |
| May 8. | Battle of Palo Alto. |
| 9. | Battle of Resaca de la Palma. |
| 13. | The war bill becomes a law. |
| June 5. | Kearny’s march to Santa Fe begins. |
| July 7. | Monterey, California, occupied. |
| 14. | Camargo occupied. |
| Aug. 4. | Paredes overthrown. |
| 7. | First attack on Alvarado. |
| 13. | Los Angeles, California, occupied. |
| 16. | Santa Anna lands at Vera Cruz. |
| 18. | Kearny takes Santa Fe. |
| 19. | Taylor advances from Camargo. |
| Sept. 14. | Santa Anna enters Mexico City. |
| 20 - 24. | Operations at Monterey, Mex. |
| 22 - 23. | Insurrection in California precipitated. |
| 23. | Wool’s advance from San Antonio begins. |
| 25. | Kearny leaves Santa Fe for California. |
| Oct. 8. | Santa Anna arrives at San Luis Potosi. ​ |
| Oct. 15. | Second attack on Alvarado. |
| 24. | San Juan Bautista captured by Perry. |
| 28. | Tampico evacuated by Parrodi. |
| 29. | Wool occupies Monclova. |
| Nov. 15. | Tampico captured by Conner. |
| 16 | Saltillo occupied by Taylor. |
| 18 | Scott appointed to command the Vera Cruz expedition. |
| Dec. 5. | Wool occupies Parras. |
| 6. | Kearny's fight at San Pascual. |
| 25. | Doniphan’s skirmish at El Brazito. |
| 27. | Scott reaches Brazos Id. |
| 29. | Victoria occupied. |
| 1847 ||
| Jan. 3. | Scott orders troops from Taylor. |
| 8. | Fight at the San Gabriel, Calif. |
| 9. | Fight near Los Angeles, Calif. |
| 10. | Mexican law regarding Church property. |
| 28. | Santa Anna's march against Taylor begins. |
| Feb. 5. | Taylor places himself at Agua Nueva. |
| 19. | Scott reaches Tampico. |
| 22-23 | Battle of Buena Vista. |
| 27. | Insurrection at Mexico begins. |
| 28. | Battle of Sacramento. |
| Mar. 9. | Scott lands near Vera Cruz. |
| 29. | Vera Cruz occupied. |
| 30. | Operations in Lower California opened. |
| Apr. 8 | Scott’s advance from Vera Cruz begins. |
| 18. | Battle of Cerro Gordo; Tuxpán captured by Perry. |
| 19. | Jalapa occupied. |
| May 15. | Worth enters Puebla. |
| June 6. | Trist opens negotiations through the British legation. |
| 16. | San Juan Bautista again taken. |
| Aug. 7. | The advance from Puebla begins. |
| 20. | Battles of Contreras and Churubusco. |
| Aug. 24-Sept. 7. Armistice. ||
| Sept. 8. | Battle of Molino del Rey. |
| 13. | Battle of Chapultepec; the “siege” of Puebla begins |
| 14. | Mexico City occupied. |
| 22. | Peña y Peña assumes the Presidency. |
| Oct. 9. | Fight at Huamantla. |
| 20. | Trist reopens negotiations. |
| Nov. 11. | Mazatlán occupied by Shubrick. ​ |
| 1848 ||
| Feb. 2. | Treaty of peace signed. |
| Mar. 4-5. | Armistice ratified. |
| 10. | Treaty accepted by U. S. Senate. |
| May 19, 24. Treaty accepted by Mexican Congress. ||
| 30. | Ratiﬁcations of the treaty exchanged. |
| June 12. | Mexico City evacuated. |
| July 4. | Treaty proclaimed by President Polk. |
THE PRONUNCIATION OF SPANISH
The niceties of the matter would be out of place here, but a few general rules may prove helpful.
A as in English “ah”; e, at the end of a syllable, like a in “fame,” otherwise like e in “let”; i like i in “machine”; o, at the end of a syllable, like o in “go,” otherwise somewhat like o in “lot”; u like u in "rude" (but, unless marked with two dots, silent between g or q and e or i); y like ee in “feet.”
C like k (but, before e and i, like th in “thin”); ch as in “child”; g as in “go” (but, before e and i, like a harsh h); h silent; j like a harsh h; ll like lli in “million”; ñ like ni in “onion”; qu like k; r is sounded with a vibration (trill) of the tip of the tongue (rr a longer and more forcible sound of the same kind); s as in “sun”; x like an in “box” (but, in “México” and a few other names, like Spanish j); z liketh in “thin.”
Words bearing no mark of accentuation are stressed on the last syllable if they end in any consonant except n or s, but on the syllable next to the last if they end in n, s or a vowel.
* ↑ In Mexico, however, usually like s in sun.
* ↑ In Mexico like y.