OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New International Encyclopædia/Parker, William Kitchen

Edition of 1905. See also William Kitchen Parker on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
PARKER, William Kitchen (1823-90). An English naturalist and morphologist, born at Dogsthorpe, near Peterborough. He studied medicine at King's College, London, and began to practice in 1849. In 1873 he was appointed Hunterian professor in the Royal College of Surgeons, conjointly with Prof. W. H. Flower. His chief and most suggestive work was on the comparative osteology of the higher vertebrates, from amphibian to mammal. He constantly dwelt on the developmental side and on the phylogeny of the vertebrates, making many improvements in the classification of the types he studied. His larger monographs were: Monograph on the Structure and Development of the Shoulder-Girdle and Sternum in the Vertebrata (1868), and memoirs on the skull of the Batrachia (1878 and 1880), the urodelous Amphibia (1877), the common snake (1878), sturgeon (1882), Lepidosteus (1882), Edentata (1886), Insectivora (1886), and an elaborate paper on the development of the wing of the common fowl (1869). His general works were Morphology of the Skull (1877) and On Mammalian Descent (1885).
# The New Student's Reference Work/Honduras, British

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​Honduras, British, a crown-colony of Britain on the Caribbean Sea, south of Yucatan and 660 miles from Jamaica. Its area is 7,562 square miles; with a population of about 40,372, chiefly colored. Its chief exports are mahogany, logwood, sugar, coffee, plantains, bananas and cocoa-nuts. Principal town, Belize (population 9,113).
# The New Student's Reference Work/Hood, John Bell

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* GENERAL JOHN B. HOOD
Hood, John Bell, an American soldier, was born at Owingsville, Ky., June 1, 1831. He graduated from West Point in 1853, and served in the United States army in Texas and elsewhere on the frontier. When the Civil War began, he resigned and entered the Confederate service, in which he rose to the rank of lieutenant-general. He was wounded at Gaines' Mill, Gettysburg and Chickamauga, where he lost a leg. He commanded a corps under Gen. Joseph E. Johnston in the Atlanta campaign, 1864, and succeeded Johnston in command of that army. Compelled to evacuate Atlanta after desperate fighting, he moved on Sherman's communications, fought a losing battle at Franklin, Tenn., but pushed on to Nashville, where he was disastrously defeated by Gen. Geo. H. Thomas on Dec. 16, 1864. At his own request he was then relieved of his command. His book, Advance and Retreat, was printed after his death, which occurred at New Orleans on Aug. 30, 1879.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Hood, Robin

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​ Hood, Robin, an English bandit, celebrated in song and poetry. He is spoken of by almost every English poet. He is supposed to have been the last of the Saxons and to have lived about the close of the middle ages. He was brave, good-hearted and generous; his arrow never missed fire; and what he took from the rich he gave to the poor.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Honey

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​Honey (hŭn′y̆), a very sweet, thick liquid made by bees and some other insects. The bees gather the nectar or sweet juice from flowers and carry it to the hive, where it is changed into honey and the cells of the honeycomb filled with it. Different flowers give different flavors and color to the honey. Clover honey is white, while heather honey or buckwheat honey is dark. The honey of Hymettus, a mountain in Attica, was held in high esteem, probably because of the flavor of wild thyme, which grew there abundantly. Honey is used as food, in the preparation of medicines and in the manufacture of some kinds of ale. It is sold in the comb and also as “strained honey.” In this form it is sometimes adulterated with glucose. It is not unhealthy but is less sweet than pure honey. The annual production of honey in the United States is more than 60,000,000 pounds.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Honolulu

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​Honolulu (hō′nō-lo͞o′lo͞o), the capital (population 52,183), of the Hawaiian or Sandwich Islands, which in 1898 were annexed to the United States and attached for military purposes to the department of California. This city is situated close to the southwestern coast of Oahu (See Hawaii). The islands were, on June 14, 1900, constituted as the territory of Hawaii, after an act had been passed declaring the inhabitants to be citizens of the United States and of the Territory of Hawaii. Honolulu has electric street railways and is lighted with electricity. There are railways on the island, and there is cable communication with San Francisco, the ​line having been opened on Jan. 1, 1903. Nearly every family in Honolulu, it is said, has its telephone — so amply equipped is the city.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Honduras

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​Hondu′ras, the third largest republic of Central America, lies between Nicaragua, San Salvador and Guatemala, having a coast line of 400 miles on the Caribbean Sea and about 50 miles on the Bay of Fonseca, an arm of the Pacific. Its area is about 46,250 square miles, and the population 553,446. Little or no attention is paid to agriculture, its chief wealth being in mineral products, as gold, silver, iron, copper, platinum, zinc, tin and lignite. The republic has 13 states or departments, is governed by a president assisted by six ministers, and the laws are made by a congress of 37 deputies. It was discovered by Columbus in 1502, and threw off the Spanish yoke in 1821. There is a railroad from Puerto Cortez to San Pedro Sula, thence to La Pimienta, 60 miles. See Honduras by Squier and The New Honduras by Lombard. The capital is Tegucigalpa (population 34,692); the other chief towns are Juticalpa (population 17,808), Nacaome (12,040), La Esperanza (11,453) and Santa Rosa (10,888). The main ports are Amalpa on the Pacific and Puerto Cortez, Omoa and Trujillo (Truscillo) on the Caribbean. The exports embrace mineral ores, including gold and bar silver, together with rubber and coffee. Exportation and importation are carried on chiefly with the United States.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Hooke's Law

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​ Hooke's Law describes an important phenomenon of elasticity, namely, that when a rod or wire of any material is stretched by a force, the elongation of the wire varies directly as the force. This law, which was discovered by Robert Hooke in 1675, holds only for those cases in which the forces are not so great as to exceed the limits of elasticity of the material. Hooke's law is now employed in a still more general sense to mean that the ratio of stress to strain is, within limits, a constant for all kinds of strains. See Elasticity.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Honeysuckle

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​Hon′eysuck′le, species of the genus Lonicera, which contains nearly 150 species distributed throughout the northern hemisphere, more than 60 of which, in addition to numerous hybrids, are in cultivation. About 25 species are native to North America. The honeysuckles either are dwarf or climbing shrubs, always with opposite and entire leaves and tubular flowers, which are white, yellow, pink or scarlet and often fragrant. One of the most common climbers is L. sempervirens, the trumpet honeysuckle, with scarlet or rarely yellow flowers.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Hong-Kong

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​Hong′-Kong′ or Hong-Kiang (“sweet waters”), an island belonging to Great Britain, the center of British commerce with China and Japan and an important naval and military station of that power, is on the east side of Canton River in the south of China. It has an area of 29 square miles, and, for the most part, is rocky and barren. Its beautiful harbor, one of the finest in the world, ten miles square, makes it the principal commercial station of eastern Asia, the aggregate value of exports and imports exceeding $200,000,000 per year. Its imports, which are chiefly from Great Britain, consist mainly of cottons and cotton-yarn, woolens, iron, coal, copper and machinery. Its exports are tea, silk, drugs and hemp. Hong-Kong formerly was part of China, and was first ceded to Great Britain in 1841. The population in 1911 was 456,739. Britain has now secured some territory inland (Kowloon), an area of 376 square miles, the population of which is here included. This is diplomatically known as the Kaulung Hinterland. The capital is Victoria.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Hood, Thomas

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​ Hood, Thomas, an English poet, was born at London, May 23, 1798. His autobiography, Literary Reminiscences, tells us that until 13 years of age he was educated by two maiden ladies, and afterward all he knew he acquired without tutors. Showing some literary genius, he was made assistant-editor of the London Magazine, and this association developed his talents. His first poems attracted no attention, and it was not until the appearance of Eugene Aram that full recognition was accorded him. His writings were exceedingly numerous, so much so that many are without merit; but his lyrics, as The Song of the Shirt, the Bridge of Sighs and the Ode to Melancholy will never die. He was remarkable for his powers of punning, a power that in his hands was put to many new uses. He died at Devonshire Lodge, London on May 3, 1845.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Washington, Ind.

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Washington, Ind., a city, the seat of Daviess County, on the Baltimore and Ohio Southwestern and Evansville and Terre Haute railroads, 20 miles east of Vincennes and 86 southwest of Indianapolis. It has a fine farming and stock-raising country tributary to it, and produces large quantities of bituminous and cannel coal. It is a shipping-point for grain, cattle, flour, coal, fire-clay, brick and tiling etc. It has a public library, several banks, daily and weekly newspapers, besides schools and churches Population 9,045.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Washburne, Elihu Benjamin

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Wash′burne, Elihu Benjamin, an American statesman, was born at Livermore, Me., in 1816. He studied law and began his practice at Galena, Ill., in 1840. He was in Congress from 1852 to 1869, and was called the Father of the House for his long service. He was minister to France during the Franco-Prussian War, and at the request of Germany very skillfully protected Germans who were residing in France at the time. He wrote Recollections of a Minister to France. He belonged to a family of statesmen, two of his brothers being in Congress with him, and the governors of Wisconsin and Maine, and another brother was United States minister at Paraguay. Elihu Washburne died at Chicago, where he spent the last years of his life, Oct. 22, 1887.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Warwick, Richard Neville

See also Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Warwick, Richard Neville, Earl of, called the king-maker, was born about 1420. He was a son of the earl of Salisbury, but through his wife obtained the estates and title of Earl of Warwick. In the Wars of the Roses he sided with the duke of York and won for him the battle of St. Albans, receiving in recompense the governorship of Calais and command of the English fleet for five years. At the battle of Towton, near York, the followers of Lancaster were gaining ground, when Warwick, riding up to Edward, duke of York, and getting down from his horse, which he shot in the head as a signal for an attack without retreat, said: "Sire, let him flee who will, but by this cross I will stand by him who will stand by me." The Yorkist party won, and Edward was crowned king in London, June 22, 1461. Edward's marriage with Elizabeth Woodville and that of his brother Clarence to Warwick's daughter made a breach between the two, which ended in the battle of Edgecote, where Edward was made a prisoner. After a partial reconciliation and another insurrection, Warwick openly deserted to the Lancastrian party under Queen Margaret, his son-in-law Clarence being promised the succession to the throne. Edward IV fled to Holland, and the imprisoned monarch Henry VI was restored, but only for a few months. Edward returned, with an army of 2,000 Englishmen; Clarence deserted Warwick and came to his aid; Henry was again sent to the Tower; and at the battle of Barnet Warwick's forces were defeated and Warwick was slain (April 14, 1471). He lived royally, owning 100 manors, the city of Worcester and the Islands of Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney and Sark. At his house in London six oxen were usually eaten at a breakfast, and he daily feel 30,000 guests. He is called The Last of the Barons. See Baronage of England by Dugdale and History of England by Lingard.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Washington, Booker Taliaferro

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Washington, Book′er Taliaferro, Principal of Tuskegee Normal and industrial Institute, Tuskegee, Ala., was born in Franklin County, Va., about 1859. Born a slave, he has become prominent as a speaker and writer on racial and on educational topics. Early in life he worked in salt-mines in Maiden, W. Va., but managed to make his way to Hampton Institute, Virginia, where he received an education. In 1881 he was called to Tuskegee Institute, founded by him in the interests of the colored race, which he seeks to elevate by means not only of religious instruction but by an academic training, coupled with courses in manual and industrial work of a useful and practical character. Over 1,000 students annually attend the institute and find their way afterwards into industrial occupations. The institution is non denominational and is for both sexes, the founder's idea being to enable his colored brethren to meet present-day conditions, social and industrial, in the south and to do that by suitable education and moral training in the students he turns out from his college.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Washington, Pa.

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Washington, Pa., a city 30 miles southwest of Pittsburg, is in the center of valuable fields of gas, coal and oil. It has carriage and glass factories, and also makes brick. This city is the seat of Washington and Jefferson College, Trinity Hall Academy and Washington Ladies Seminary. The college was formed in 1865 by the union of Washington College, which as an academy dated back to 1787, and Jefferson College, which grew out of Canonsburg Academy, opened in 1791. Population 18,778.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Washington Elm

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Washington Elm. This is an ancient tree at the northwest of the Common, in Cambridge, Mass. Here Washington is reported to have stood when on July 3, 1775, he took the command of the American forces in the war of the Revolution.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Warwick, R. I.

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Warwick, R. I., town in Kent County, on the Pawtucket and Providence Rivers and Cowsett and Narragansett Bays, five miles from Providence. The town is made up of several villages, each containing graded schools, and some have libraries. The chief manufactories are cotton mills, flour and grist mills, blacksmith and wheelwright shops, foundry and machine shops. Warwick was established in 1642 by a colony of Englishmen, and bore the name of Shawomet. In 1848 admirers of the Earl of Warwick changed the name. It has the distinction of being the birthplace of Nathanael Greene (q.v.). It is served by the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad. Population 26,629.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Iowa, State University of

Edition of 1905. See also University of Iowa on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ IOWA, State University of. An educational institution for both sexes in Iowa City, Iowa, organized with an endowment by Congress of two townships of land, to which has been added a permanent annual State appropriation of $125,000, and a tax of one-fifth of a mill for building purposes, making a total annual income of over $402,000, including tuition fees. The institution was opened in 1855 and reorganized in 1860. The buildings are seventeen in number, and with the grounds are valued at about $700,000. The library suffered the loss of 25,000 volumes by a fire in 1897, and in 1902 contained about 63,000 volumes and a large number of pamphlets. The work of the university is organized in a college of liberal arts, colleges of law, medicine, homœopathic medicine, dentistry and pharmacy, a graduate department, the Iowa School of Political and Social Science, and two hospitals. The college of liberal arts confers the degrees of B.A., B.Ph., and B.S. The graduate college confers the degrees of M.A., M.S., Ph.D., civil engineer, and electrical engineer. The college of liberal arts maintains a summer session for teachers and a summer school for library training. The university provides public lectures and extension courses, and is in close touch with the educational institutions of the State through its system of accredited high schools. The attendance in 1902 (excluding duplicates) was 1512. The faculty, instructors, and administrative staff numbered 165. The publications of the university include a Natural History Bulletin, a Law Bulletin, University Studies in Psychology, and Studies in Sociology, Economics, Politics, Languages, and History. The control of the university is vested in a board of regents, consisting of the Governor of the State, the Superintendent of Public Instruction, and eleven members chosen by the General Assembly of Iowa.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Interstate Commerce

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​ INTERSTATE COMMERCE. See Transportation; Railways.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Ios

Edition of 1905. See also Ios (island) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​I′OS, or NI′O. One of the Cyclades, Greek Archipelago, situated about 13 miles south of Naxos (Map: Greece, G 5). Its area is over 45 square miles and its surface very mountainous. The inhabitants cultivate olives and the vine, and raise cattle. The only town, Ios, has a population of 2000. According to local tradition, Homer was buried on the island.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Ion of Chios

Edition of 1905. See also Ion of Chios on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ION (ī′ŏn) OF CHIOS, kī′ŏs (c.500-c.422 B.C.). A Greek author, who came to Athens when he was still young (B.C. 478). He was a member of the circle which included Cimon and Pericles, and was probably personally acquainted with Æschylus and Sophocles. His only work in prose, so far as we know, was the Ἐπιδημίαι, reminiscences of celebrated visitors at Chios, which was of great importance to the Greek historians who succeeded him, and has some value for literary history. The fragments of this work may be found in Müller, Fragmenta Historicorum Græcorum (1853). There is also a tradition that he wrote on the colonization of Chios. But his poetry was even more important; he wrote tragedies, lyrics, and elegiac and dithyrambic verse. Consult: Nauck, Tragicorum Græcorum Fragmenta (1889); and Bergk, Poetæ Lyrici Græci (1900).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Iophon

Edition of 1905. See also Iophon on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​I′OPHON (c.450-c.390 B.C.). A Greek tragedian, son of Sophocles. We know little of his life or of his plays. There is a statement in Valerius Maximus attributing the Antigone to him. The story that he accused his aged father of insanity so that he might have control of his property, and that Sophocles proved his sanity by reading to the judges from the Œdipus, is unsupported by any evidence. The few verses of Iophon which survive may be found in Nauck, Tragicorum Græcorum Fragmenta (1889). Consult Wolf, De Iophonte Poeta (1884).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Interstate Commerce Commission

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​ INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION. See Interstate Commerce Act.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Iota

Edition of 1905. See also Iota on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​IO′TA (Lat., from Gk. ἰῶτα, from Phœnician yōdh, Heb. yād, Ar. yad, hand). The ninth and smallest letter of the Greek alphabet, corresponding to the English i.
# The Old Huntsman and Other Poems/'Blighters'

The House is crammed: tier beyond tier they grin And cackle at the Show, while prancing ranks Of harlots shrill the chorus, drunk with din; ‘We’re sure the Kaiser loves our dear old Tanks!’
I’d like to see a Tank come down the stalls, Lurching to rag-time tunes, or ‘Home, sweet Home’, And there’d be no more jokes in Music-halls To mock the riddled corpses round Bapaume.
# The Old Huntsman and Other Poems/Arms and the Man

1917
Young Croesus went to pay his call On Colonel Sawbones, Caxton Hall: And, though his wound was healed and mended, He hoped he’d get his leave extended.
The waiting-room was dark and bare. He eyed a neat-framed notice there Above the fireplace hung to show Disabled heroes where to go For arms and legs; with scale of price, And words of dignified advice How officers could get them free.
Elbow or shoulder, hip or knee, Two arms, two legs, though all were lost, They’d be restored him free of cost. Then a Girl Guide looked to say, ‘Will Captain Croesus come this way?'
# The Old Hound

Perry index 532
* "Of the old Dogge and of his Mayster", translated by William Caxton, edited by Joseph Jacobs, in The fables of Aesop, as first printed by William Caxton in 1484 (1484)
* "An Asse and an Ungrateful Master", part of "Fables XXIV and XXV", in Fables of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists (1692)
* "An Old Dog and his Master", part of "Fables XXIV and XXV", in Fables of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists (1692)
* "The Old Hound", translated by George Fyler Townsend, illustrated by Harrison Weir, in Three Hundred Æsop's Fables (1867)
* "The Old Hound", translated by Vernon Stanley Jones, in Æsop's fables: A New Translation (1912)
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
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