# Cassell's Illustrated History of England/Volume 3

OLIVER CROMWELL.
Cassell's Illustrated
HISTORY OF ENGLAND.
New and Revised Edition.
CONTINUED TO THE END OF 1873.
VOL. III.
FROM THE FROM THE ACCESSION OF JAMES I. TO THE REVOLUTION OF 1688.
Cassell Petter & Galpin:
London, Paris & New York.
PREFACE
In closing this eventful narrative, we have found ourselves compelled to call in question and refute the attempt of some modern historians of distinction to smooth over the insidious despotism of Charles II., and to represent him as a monarch not at all inclined to overstep the restraints of the constitution (see the review of the Laws and Constitution). In noticing this circumstance, we deem it useful once more to draw the attention of our readers to a few of the great points of historic fact, which we alone, of all our historians, have drawn forth and established.
The first of these is that of Magna Charta being not the work of the barons, but of the people. The great delusion which all our historians, in the face of the plainest facts, have regularly perpetuated, that the barons at Runnymede won the charter, is an aristocratic delusion, which is studiously maintained by that order to sanction its assumption of claims to govern us at will, as the class which achieved our liberties. The assumption is a fiction more airy and empty than a new year's dream. Whoever will refer to any history of the period, will see that the barons who bore arms at Runnymede, in vain attempted to bring John to grant a charter till the people of Bedford and London declared for him. Then John consented to ​meet them at Runnymede, when he signed the charter, and again immediately repudiated it. The barons were thus in the condition of a man who has got an acceptance—good, if taken up; waste paper, if dishonoured. Their charter was dishonoured. The debt of liberty had to be fought for, and John beat them. Thus worsted, they committed a most treasonable act in calling in the son of the French king to their aid, promising him the crown. John beat both them and their French king. On his death, Hubert de Burgh, constable of Dover, with a body of English sailors, and William de Collingham, with the archers of Sussex, drove the French prince out of the kingdom, put down the barons, and obtained the confirmation of the great charter from Henry III., with a new charter, the charter of the Forests. Thus the people—not the barons—acquired the charter; and Blackstone, in his work on the Great Charter, confirms this plain fact, by saying that it is not John's charter, but the charter of Henry III. from which we date our liberties. As to these barons who, under pretence of establishing our liberties, would have reduced England to a French province, Carte says that on John's death a letter, signed by upwards of forty of them, was foxed in his pocket, offering to give up the charter on condition of a full pardon, and restoration of their estates. It is certain that the remnant left of them were only too glad to receive a pardon from Henry III., and never ceased to pursue the honest Hugh de Burgh for his share in defeating them. They never relaxed their malice till they ruined him with the king, though he was become judiciary of the kingdom—its chief minister—and made his life one miserable martyrdom for his patriotism.
The next great point which we have been able to bring out and place in complete light, is the great epoch of the revolution of our fiscal system, which took place by the bargain of Charles II. with the party which restored him (see our account in his reign, again adverted to under the head of Laws and Constitution), by which he surrendered all the feudal services for the grant of the excise for ever. The operation of this transaction, which transferred the support of his crown from the landholders to the people at large, with all its consequences of extravagant taxation and national debt, will be found first to be fully demonstrated in this present volume. The statute of 12 Car. II., which makes this transfer, has been incidentally referred to by former historians, as we have remarked, but without any clear perception of the grand revolution in our whole system of taxation which it originated; perhaps, after all, the greatest revolution, as it concerns the rights and property of the community at large, which this country has seen.
Had we only succeeded in establishing these two vital points, we should have deemed them worth all the labour of research and composition, but we think we may refer with pride to the unvarying determination displayed through the whole work, to assert and maintain the great principles of justice and popular right. Whilst adverting to the testimony of Lord Brougham, on a late occasion, to this fact, we must, as a matter of justice to individuals, modify in some degree one of his assertions. It is, that none of the modern historians to whom he alluded, had condemned the French invasion of Henry V., though they had those of Edward III. This is not strictly true as regards us. In condemning the invasion of France by Edward III., we condemned the invasion of Henry V. at the same time. We condemned those wars in toto. See Vol.I.,p.369. "The invasions of France by Edward III. raised the martial glory of England to the highest pitch. There is nothing in the miracles of bravery done at Leuctra, Marathon, or Thermopylæ, which can surpass those performed at Crecy, Poictiers, and on other occasions; but there the splendour of the parallel ends. The Greek battle-fields are sanctified by the imperishable renown of patriotism; those of England, at that period, are distinguished only by empty ambition and unwarrantable aggression. The Greeks fought and conquered for the very existence of their country and liberties—the English to crush those of an independent people. The wars commenced by Edward III. inflicted the most direful miseries on France, were continued for generations, and perpetuated a spirit of hostility between the two great neighbour countries, which has been prolific of bloodshed, and most injurious to the progress of liberty and civilisation."
After this and similar denunciations of all those wars, it was not necessary to swell our pages by fresh ones under the reign of Henry V., but we explicitly kept in the reader's view that it was an unauthorised invasion of France. Speaking of Henry V.'s message to the French king, we say, Vol.I.,p.528: "This was singular language for a man to hold who was notoriously in a foreign country with a hostile force, come ​avowedly to subdue it by his arms, and, therefore, necessarily himself intending to shed the blood of Christians."
There is another subject to which Lord Brougham alluded on the same occasion, that cannot, without injustice to a highly meritorious historian, be passed over without explanation. Lord Brougham, as well as some of the Reviews, have given to a living author the merit of introducing into history the admirable improvement of reviewing the state of commerce, government, and society, at different periods. That merit undoubtedly belongs to Dr. Henry; it is a merit of the highest kind, and one of which Lord Brougham would never wittingly have deprived the legitimate possessor. The merit of the historian, to whom his lordship alluded, consists in his having continued Dr. Henry's plan, and in his having continued it well. It is a plan which all modern historians have felt it necessary to follow, and one which we have ourselves adopted. We have, however, in that department introduced much new matter, together with some corrected statements; and in a spirit of fearless inquiry and justice betwixt man and man, we proceed to trace the path of events before us.
The enormous circulation to which the History of England has attained—a history confessed by the highest judges to inculcate the soundest and most enlightened opinions—renders our work one, the importance of which cannot, we think, be over estimated, in preparing a healthy and patriotic future for the people at large.
ILLUSTRATIONS TO THE THIRD VOLUME.
* PAGE
* King James I.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1
* Coronation of King James I. at Westminster................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................6
* Favourite dog of James I. discovered with a petition round his neck................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................7
* Great Seal of King James I................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................12
* George Buchanan................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................13
* Prison Chamber of Sir Walter Raleigh................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................18
* Sir Walter Raleigh in prison................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................19
* Old House at Lambeth................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................24
* King James and his Courtiers setting out for the Hunt................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................25
* The Gunpowder Conspirators in the Vault...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................27
* Cellars under the Parliament House................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................30
* Arrest of Guy Fawkes................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................31
* Hendlip House................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................36
* Arabella Stuart, from the original picture................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................37
* Great Hall at Theobald's................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................42
* Flight of Arabella Stuart in male attire................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................43
* The Fifth of November, 1611................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................48
* Ben Johnson, Poet Laureate at the Court of James I................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................49
* Arrest of Nonconformists................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................54
* Accident to Robert Carr, the King's favourite................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................55
* Prince Charles, Son of James I................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................60
* "Keeping Sunday" according to King James's Book of Sports................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................61
* Dr. Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................66
* Buckingham, the King:'s favourite, passing through the streets in his Sedan................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................67
* Irish Scenery. The Vale of Avoca................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................72
* Cork River, in which Raleigh was detained by stress of weather................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................73
* Meeting of the Assembly in the settlement of Virginia................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................78
* First interview of Prince Charles with the Princess Henrietta, at Paris................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................79
* Balsas, or Boat of Skin, used by the Natives on the American Coast................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................82
* Moorish Pirates of the Mediterranean attacking an English Vessel................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................84
* The English Jester and the Spanish Ladies, during the visit of Prince Charles to Madrid................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................85
* Duke Olivarez, from the original portrait................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................90
* Prince Charles surprising the Infanta in the orchard................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................91
* Palace at Guadalajara, near Madrid, as it appeared in the 17th Century................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................96
* The Castle of Segovia................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................97
* Interview of James I. with Prince Charles and Buckingham................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................102
* Buckingham before the Council................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................103
* Duke of Buckingham................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................108
* King James I. and the Spanish Ambassador................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................109
* Charles I.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................114
* Death of King James I................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................115
* Landing of the Princess Henrietta................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................121
* King Charles I.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................126
* Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles I.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................127
* French Soldiers of the time of Louis XIII.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................132
* Queen Henrietta and Children of Charles I.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................133
* Assassination of Buckingham................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................138
* Felton Prison................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................139
* Great Seal of Charles I.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................144
* Cathedral of Nuremberg................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................145
* Sir Peter Paul Rubens................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................150
* Massacre at Magdeburg................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................151
* Battle of Lutzen................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................156
* Prynne in the Pillory................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................157
* John Hampden, from an original portrait................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................163
* The Puritans embarking for the Colonies................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................163
* Old Porch, at Galway................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................168
* John Pym................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................169
* The Afffray in the High Church, Edinburgh................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................171
* St. Giles's, Edinburgh................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................174
* The pursuit of the Bishop................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................175
* Signing the Covenant................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................180
* Sir Henry Vane, from the original portrait.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................181
* Lambeth Palace................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................186
* Attack on Lambeth Palace.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................187
* Children of Charles I.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................193
* Arrest of Lord Strafford................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................198
* Lord Strafford going to trial................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................199
* Cavaliers and Puritans................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................204
* Earl of Stafford, from an authentic picture................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................205
* Strafford, on his way to execution, receiving the blessing of Archbishop Laud................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................210
* Rejoicings in London on account of the execution of Strafford................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................211
* Edinburgh Castle................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................216
* Hugh M'Malion betraying the secret of the intended massacre to Owen O'Conolly................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................217
* King Charles passing through the City................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................222
* King Charles and the Commons................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................223
* Fight for the Standard at the battle of Edge Hill................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................229
* Prince Rupert, from an authentic portrait................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................234
* Hampden wounded at Chalgrove Field................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................235
* The Puritan Camp................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................241
* Sir Thomas Fan-tax, from an authentic portrait................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................246
* Cromwell proposing the self-denying ordinance................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................247
* Oliver Cromwell................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................252
* Marquis of Ormond, from a portrait by Sir Peter Lely................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................253
* Wenceslaus Hollar................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................258
* The flight from Naseby................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................259
* Escape of King Charles from Oxford................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................265
* Gateway of Holmby Castle................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................270
* Arrest of King Charles by Joyce, at Holmby................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................271
* Cromwell discovering the King's letter at the Blue Boar, Holborn................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................277
* Carisbrook Castle, Isle of Wight................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................282
* Cromwell suppressing the Mutiny................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................283
* Carisbrook, Isle of Wight................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................288
* John Bradshaw, from an authentic portrait................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................289
* Hurst Castle, Hampshire................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................294
* Removal of Charles from Hurst Castle................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................295
* King Charles summoned to Execution................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................301
* Oliver Cromwell................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................306
* Cromwell and Milton................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................307
* Great Seal of the Commonwealth................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................312
* Charles II., after the defeat at Worcester, discovered in a barn, where he had taken refuge................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................313
* Boscobel House................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................318
* Escape of Charles II. in the disguise of a Servant................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................319
* O'Brien and Ireton................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................321
* Charles II. hidden in the Oak................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................324
* Admiral Blake, from an authentic portrait................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................325
* Cromwell addressing the Parliament................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................330
* Cromwell taking the oath as Protector................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................331
* Cromwell dissolving the Parliament................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................336
* Richard Baxter, from an authentic portrait................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................337
* View in the mountains of Piedmont................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................342
* Accident to Cromwell in Hyde Park................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................343
* Malaga................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................348
* Cromwell refusing to accept the Crown................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................349
* Richard Cromwell, from an authentic portrait................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................354
* Death of Cromwell................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................355
* Richard Cromwell signing his Abdication................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................361
* General Monk, from an authentic portrait................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................366
* Landing of Charles II. at Dover................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................367
* The Regalia of Scotland, copied from authentic sources................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................372
* Exiled Nonconformists landing in America.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................373
* A Friends' Meeting, from an engraving of the 17th Century................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................375
* Declaration of Independency at the Savoy, September 29, 1658................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................378
* Arrest of Nonconformists................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................378
* Rev. John Owen, D.D.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................379
* Coin of the value of fifteen shillings of the reign of James................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................384
* Coin of the value of thirty shillings of the reign of James I................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................384
* Crown of Charles I.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................384
* Shilling of the Protector................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................384
* William Shakespeare................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................385
* John Bunyan................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................390
* Chateau de Steen................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................391
* Anthony Vandyck................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................396
* The Crucifixion, by Vandyck................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................396
* Tomb of Sir Thomas Lucy at Charlecote................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................397
* West Front of Old St. Paul's................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................397
* Old Hardwick Hall................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................398
* Castle Ashby................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................398
* An Inn Yard................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................398
* Old House in London................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................399
* Tradesmen's Signs................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................400
* A Sedan................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................400
* Old London Lamp................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................400
* A Coach of the time of Charles I.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................400
* A Room in Shakespeare's House at Stratford................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................401
* A State Bed................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................401
* Rubens' Chair................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................401
* Baronial Hall, Charlecote................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................402
* Ancient Kitchen, with Dogwheel................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................402
* Old English Merry-making................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................403
* Costumes of the Stuart Period,................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................404, 405, 406, 407
* An Armourer's Shop................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................407
* Great Seal of Charles II.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................408
* Rejoicings on the Restoration of Charles II.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................409
* Charles II................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................414
* King Charles II. entering London................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................415
* Savoy Palace................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................421
* Charles II. introducing Lady Castlemaine................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................426
* Ejection of Nonconformists on St. Bartholomew's Day................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................427
* Clock Tower in Dunkirk................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................432
* The Great Plague. 1665. The Enthusiast denouncing London................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................433
* The Pest House and Plague Pit at Finsbury................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................435
* Highgate Fields during the Great Fire................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................438
* The Burning of Old St. Paul's, 1666................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................439
* Hunting the Moth................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................445
* Louis XIV. of France................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................450
* Attack on the Duke of Ormond................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................451
* Attack on Sir John Coventry................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................457
* Kirby warning Charles II................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................462
* Amsterdam flooded................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................463
* Disturbances in connection with the Popish Plot................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................469
* The Duke of Monmouth................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................474
* Charles II. and the Duchess of Portsmouth................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................475
* Lord William Russell................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................481
* Charles II.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................486
* Death of Cameron................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................487
* The Duke of Monmouth................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................493
* Plan of Rye House................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................495
* Lady Rachel Russell................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................498
* Trial of Lord William Russell................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................499
* James II................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................505
* Great Seal of James II.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................110
* James receiving the French Bribe................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................517
* Monmouth advancing on Taunton................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................511
* Flight of Monmouth................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................522
* Reception of Monmouth at Taunton................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................523
* Burning of Elizabeth Gaunt................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................529
* William of Orange................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................534
* Monmouth exchanging Clothes with a Shepherd................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................535
* The Earl of Shrewsbury, and other Nobles, dispatching their Proposals to the Prince of Orange................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................541
* The Vessel which brought over the Prince of Orange to England................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................546
* The Seven Bishops................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................547
* William of Orange entering Exeter................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................553
* Queen of James II concealed at Gravesend................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................558
* The Flight of the Queen of James II.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................559
* Attack on James II. at the Isle of Shepppey.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................565
* Princess Anne................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................570
* William of Orange and his Consort Mary invited by Parliament to accept the Crown................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................571
* John Bunyan and his Blind Child................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................577
* Roger Williams' Departure for Salem................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................578
* Birthplace and Burial place of John Milton................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................582
* John Milton................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................583
* Scene from the Hudibras................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................588
* Allegorical Figure of a Commonwealth, from Hobbes' "Leviathan"................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................589
* Sir Isaac Newton................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................594
* John Bunyan................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................595
* Zoar Chapel, Southwark................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................595
* Elstow Church................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................595
* Bunyan's Tomb................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................595
* Coins................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................599
* Dr. William Harvey................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................600
* Thomas Brition, Musical Small-coul Man................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................601
* Furniture of the time of Charles II.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................603
* Costumes of the times of Charles II. and James II................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................604, 605
* St. Stephen's, Walbrook................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................606
* Chelsea Hospital................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................607
* Nell Gwynne's Looking-glass................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................607
* Theatrical Representation in an Inn yard................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................609
* Old London Water Carriers................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................612
* Commemorative Medal................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................613
* Calcutta in the 17th Century................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................615
* Old forms of Punishment................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................617
* Gog and Magog................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................618
* Old game of Pall Mall................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................618
* The Hall of an old English Squire................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................619
* The Folly on the Thames................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................621
* Sir Christopher Wren's Plan for Rebuilding London................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................623
* Chapter 1
* Chapter 2
* Chapter 3
* Chapter 4
* Chapter 5
* Chapter 6
* Chapter 7
* Chapter 8
* Chapter 9
* Chapter 10
* Chapter 11
* Chapter 12
* Chapter 13
* Chapter 14
* Chapter 15
* Index