OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Passage

From volume 2 of the work.
​PASSAGE. The word 'passage' is used of music in the same general sense that it is used of literature, without any special implication of its position or relations in the formal construction of a work, but merely as a portion identifiable through some characteristic trait or conterminous idea.
Thus in modern writings on music such expressions as 'passage in first violins,' 'passage in strict counterpoint,' 'passage where the basses go gradually down through two octaves,' show that the amount or extent of music embraced by the term is purely arbitrary, and may amount to two bars or to two pages at the will of the person using the term, so long as the definition, epithet or description given with it sufficiently covers the space so as to make its identification easy and certain; short of this the word by itself conveys no meaning.
[ C. H. H. P. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Passepied

From volume 2 of the work.
​PASSEPIED (English Paspy), a dance which originated amongst the sailors of Basse Bretagne, and is said to have been first danced in Paris by street-dancers in the year 1587. It was introduced into the ballet in the time of Louis XIV, and was often included in instrumental Suites and Partitas; it was placed among the 'intermezzi,' or dances which strictly form no part of the Suite, but were sometimes introduced into it between the Saraband and the final Gigue. [See Suite.] Bach, however, does not adhere to this rule, but in his Partita in B minor, places the Passepied before the Saraband. In character the Passepied somewhat resembles the Minuet, but it is played much faster, and should always begin on the last beat of the bar, although in some examples, chiefly by English composers, it begins on the first beat. It is written in 3-4 or 3-8 time, and generally consists of two, three, or four parts of eight or sixteen bars each, played with two or more repeats. We give the first half of one from Couperin's Suites.
[ W. B. S. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Pasquali, Nicolò

[ M. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Pasquini, Bernardo

From volume 2 of the work.
[ F. G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Passaggio

From volume 2 of the work.
[ J. A. F. M. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Passamezzo

From volume 2 of the work.
​PASSAMEZZO or PASSEMEZZO, an old Italian dance which was probably a variety of the Pavan. In England, where it was popular in Queen Elizabeth's time, it was sometimes known as the 'Passing Measures Pavan.' Tabourot in his 'Orchésographie' says that when the Pavan was played less solemnly and more quickly, it was called a 'Passemezzo.' Hawkins says that the name is derived from 'passer, to walk, and mezzo, middle or half,' and that the dance was a diminutive of the Galliard; but both these statements are probably incorrect. Praetorius (Syntagma, iii. 24) says that as a Galliard has five steps, and is therefore called a Cinquepas, so a Passamezzo has scarcely half as many steps as the latter, and is therefore called 'mezzo passo.' These derivations seem somewhat far-fetched, and it is probable that the name 'Passemezzo' (in which form it is found in the earliest authorities), is simply an abbreviation of 'Passo e mezzo,' i.e. a step and a half, which may have formed a distinctive feature of the old dance. Reismann (Geschichte der Musik, ii. 22) quotes a 'Pass e mezzo antico,' from Jacob Paix's 'Ein Schön Nutz Lautentabulaturbuch,' in which periods of eight bars can be distinguished. It is written with five variations and a 'ripresa.'
Full directions for dancing the Passamezzo may be found in Caroso da Sermoneta's curious works 'Il Ballarino' (Venice, 1581) and 'Nobiltà di Dame' (Ib. 1600), from which the following example is taken.
[ W. B. S. ]
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Coham, Lewis Heysett

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​COHAM. (Lieutenant, 1828.)
Lewis Heysett Coham entered the Navy 22 June, 1813; passed his examination in 1823; obtained a Lieutenancy, 26 June, 1828, in the Magnificent, Capt. Geo. Wm. Conway Courtenay, receiving-ship at Jamaica; and was next appointed, 11 Jan. 1829, to the Mersey 26, commanded by the same officer. He has been on half-pay since 1830.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Colchester, Charles

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​COLCHESTER Lord, formerly Abbot. (Captain, 1826. f-p., 16; h-p., 20.)
The Right Honourable Charles Lord Colchester, born 12 March, 1798, is eldest son of the late Lord Colchester, a distinguished lawyer, who, previously to his elevation to the peerage, had filled the high appointments of Chief Secretary to the Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, Keeper of the Privy Seal in that part of the United Kingdom, and Speaker of the House of Commons, by Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Sir Philip Gibbes, Bart. He succeeded his father 9 May, 1829.
This officer entered the Navy, 8 April, 1811, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Revenge 74, Capt. John Nash, bearing the flag off Cadiz of the Hon. Arthur Kaye Legge; came home, in June, 1812, in the Warspite 74, Capt. Hon. Henry Blackwood; then entered the Royal Naval College, where he remained until Oct. 1813; and, after a re-attachment for short periods to various ships, joined, early in 1814, the Bacchante 38, Capts. Sir Wm. Hoste and Fras. Stanfell. With the latter officer he sailed for North America, where, in Sept. following, he attended an expedition to the Penobscot under Sir John Sherbrook and Rear-Admiral Griffith. On becoming attached, in Doc. 1815, to the Alceste 38, Capt. Murray Maxwell, he accompanied Lord Amherst to China, and was there wrecked 18 Feb. 1817. He immediately returned home, and, within three mouths of passing his examination, was promoted, from the Glasgow 40, Capt. Hon. Anthony Maitland, to the rank of Lieutenant, by commission dated 15 Sept. 1817. In that capacity Mr. Abbot was employed in the Liffey 50, Capt. Hon. Henry Duncan, on different particular services, from 22 June, 1818, until invested, 27 Jan. 1821, with the command of the Racehorse sloop, in the Mediterranean. He next joined, 9 April, 1823, the Columbine 18, which he lost, off Sapienza, near the Morea, 25 Jan. 1824. On 30 Nov. following he was commissioned to the Rose 18, and, returning to the Mediterranean, continued on that station until posted 26 Jan. 1826. Lord Colchester’s last appointment was, 9 Oct. 1829, to the Volage 28, in which he escorted the ex Emperor and Empress of Brazil to Cherbourg in April, 1831, and was employed during the winter of 1832 in enforcing the Dutch embargo. He has been on half-pay since Jan. 1833.
His Lordship is Senior Captain of 1826. He married, 3 Feb. 1836, the Hon. Elizabeth Law, sister of the Earl of Ellenborough, late First Lord of the Admiralty, and sister-in-law of Admiral Lord Colville. By that lady he has issue. Agents – Messrs. Stilwell.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Cole, Edward

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​COLE. (Lieutenant, 1806, f-p., 32; h-p., 17.)
Edward Cole entered the Navy (into which he was impressed), 29 May, 1798, as Captain of the Main Top, on board the Inflexible 64, Capt. Solomon Ferris, and, in 1799, was employed landing Russian troops in the Texel. In Nov. of the latter year he became Midshipman of the Redoubt 20, Capt. Jas. Keith Shepard, lying at the Nore. He rejoined Capt. Ferris soon afterwards, as Master’s Mate, in the Ruby 64, in which he assisted at the capture, in April, 1800, of the African island of Goree; and, removing next, with the same officer, to the Hannibal 74, was present, 6 July, 1801, in the battle of Algeciras, when the latter ship, having grounded under the enemy’s batteries, was compelled, after a long and deadly resistance, to strike her colours. Six days afterwards, having in the mean while joined the Superb 74, Capt. Rich Goodwin Keats, Mr. Cole took a warm part in the victory gained by Sir Jas. Saumarez over the Franco-Spanish squadron near Cadiz. The Superb subsequently proceeded to the West Indies with Lord Nelson in pursuit of the enemy’s fleet, and, while on that station, participated, as flag-ship of Sir John Duckworth, in the battle off St. Domingo, 6 Feb. 1806. At the close of the action Mr. Cole was appointed Acting-First-Lieutenant of Le Brave, one of the captured 74’s, Capt. Edm. Boger, with whom and the rest of the crew, when that ship foundered on her passage home, he was picked up by the Donegal 74, Capt. Pulteney Malcolm. Having been promoted, from the Royal George 100, flag-ship of Sir J. T. Duckworth, to a Lieutenancy, 23 Sept. 1806, in the Stately 64, Capt. Geo. Parker, he next assisted, in company with the Nassau 64, and was slightly wounded, at the capture and destruction, after an obstinate running fight, and a loss to the Stately of 4 killed and 28 wounded, of the Danish 74-gun ship Prindts Christian Frederic off the coast of Zealand, 22 March, 1808. His ensuing appointments afloat were, 12 Aug. 1809, and 11 Sept. 1810, to the Ardent 64, Capt. Robt. Honyman, and Vengeur 74, commanded by various officers, but particularly by Capt. Tristram Robt. Ricketts, under whom he witnessed the capture of Fort Bowyer in Feb. 1815. From the latter year, until 1820, Mr. Cole further superintended the Ordinary at Plymouth and Greenhithe. Since May, 1837, he has been engaged on quarantine service in the river Medway.
Lieut. Cole, in consideration of the wounds he received at the capture of the Prindts Christian Frederic, was presented by the Patriotic Society with the sum of 40 guineas. He married a daughter of the late Robt. Woits, Esq., of Belaugh, co. Norfolk. Agents – Messrs. Ommanney.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Cole, Robert Martin

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​COLE. (Lieutenant, 1812. f-p., 12; h-p., 34.)
Robert Martin Cole entered the Navy, 12 Feb. 1801, as A.B., on board the Princess Charlotte 38, Capt. Sir Edw. Berry, in which ship, and the Ruby 64, commanded by the same officer, he served, in the Baltic and North Sea, until April, 1802. He soon afterwards became Midshipman of the Childers brig; and, from Nov. in the same year, until promoted to the rank of Lieutenant 17 Jan. 1812, was furthermore elnployed, on the North America, East and West India, and Baltic stations, in the Dasher sloop, Tremendous 74, Capt. John Osborn, Pitt 36, Capt. Walt. Bathurst, Terpsichore 32, commanded by various officers, Winchelsea frigate, L’Aigle 36, Capt. George Wolfe, Neptune 98, flag-ship of Hon. Sir Alex. Cochrane, and Victory 100, bearing the flag of Sir Jas. Saumarez. He subsequently joined, 16 Feb. 1813, the Barham 74, Capt. John Wm. Spranger, and, 15 April, 1815, the Scout 18, Capt. Jas. Arth. Murray; but since Sept. in the latter year has not been afloat.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Cole, William

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​COLE. (Lieutenant, 1816. f-p., 10; h-p., 29.)
William Cole entered the Navy, 27 May, 1808, as Sec.-cl. Boy, on board the Diomede 50, Capt. John Sykes, flag-ship on the Guernsey station of Sir Edm. Nagle, and, continuing until Nov. 1809 to serve with the former officer in the Ardent 64, and Adamant armée en flûte, attended, in the last-named ship, the expedition against Walcheren. He then joined the Royal William, bearing the flag of Sir Roger Curtis at Portsmouth; obtained, 11 Sept. 1810, a Midshipman’s berth on board the Rifleman brig, Capt. Joseph Pearce, employed in the North Sea; and became subsequently attached, on the same, the Mediterranean, and African stations, latterly as Acting-Lieutenant, to the Coquette 20, Capt. Geo. Hewson, Duncan 74, and Royal Sovereign 100, both commanded by Capt. Robt. Lambert, and Porcupine 22, Capt. Booty Harvey. Being next appointed Admiralty-Midshipman of the Leander 50, Capts. William Skipsey and Edw. Chetham, he fought and was severely wounded at the battle of Algiers, 27 Aug. 1816; shortly after which he was promoted, 16 Sept., to the rank he now holds. He subsequently, on 24 Jan. 1824, joined the Coast Blockade, as a Supernumerary-Lieutenant of the Ramillies 74, Capts. Wm. M‘Culloch and Hugh Pigot; but has not, since 1826, been professionally employed.
Lieut. Cole is at present Superintending Registrar for the Woburn Districts, Upper Canada.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Coghlan, Francis Rogers

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​COGHLAN. (Commander, 1843. f-p., 22; h-p., 18.)
Francis Rogers Coghlan is nephew of that intrepid veteran, the late Capt. Jeremiah Coghlan, R.N., C.B. (1810), who died 4 March, 1844, at the age of 69.
This officer entered the Navy, 18 May, 1807, as a Supernumerary, on board the Dædalus 32, Capt. Fred. Warren, and, on proceeding with convoy to the West Indies, obtained, 11 June following, a Midshipman’s berth on board the Elk 18, commanded by his uncle, Capt. J. Coghlan. After serving for some time in the Polyphemus 64, Capt. Wm. Pryce Cumby, he returned home with that officer in the Hyperion 36, early in 1812, and, then joining the Caledonia 120, bearing the flag of Sir Edw. Pellew, witnessed, 5 Nov. 1813, a partial action with the French fleet off Toulon; immediately subsequent to which he became attached with his relative to the Alcmene 38, and assisted, 23 Dec. in the same year, at the capture of La Flêche national schooner, of 12 guns. Being promoted, 18 April, 1814, to a Lieutenancy in the Pylades 18, Capt. John Chas. Gawen Roberts, he sailed for the coast of North America, where he contributed to the capture of many of the enemy’s vessels, and was employed in the blockade of Newport, Rhode Island. The latter vessel having been paid off in July, 1815, Mr. Coghlan, on 4 July, 1816, joined the Minden 74, Capt. Wm. Paterson, then on the eve of her departure for Gibraltar, where, on his arrival, he assumed command of No. 23 gun-boat, and shared in the glories of Algiers. On his return to England in the Queen Charlotte 100, Lord Exmouth’s flag-ship, he was appointed, 19 Oct. 1816, to the Prometheus sloop, Capts. Wm. Bateman Dashwood and Constantine Rich. Moorsom, with whom he successively remained until paid off in Aug. 1818. His appointments afterwards were, to the command–10 July, 1832, of the Hornet 6, on the South American station–18 July, 1837, and 13 May, 1841, of the Lapwing and Linnet Falmouth packets–and, 28 June, 1843, of the Anson convict-hulk, at Hobart Town. Since his last promotion, which took place 2 Sept. 1843, Commander Coghlan has been unemployed.
He married, 4 Sept. 1830, Jane Matilda, only daughter of Fras. Henry Beall, Esq. Agents–Hallett and Robinson.
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# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Cole, George Ward

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​COLE. (Lieutenant, 1815. f-p., 10; h-p., 30.)
George Ward Cole entered the Navy, 21 Oct, 1807, as a Volunteer, on board the Lark 18, Capt. Robt. Nicholas, on the Jamaica station, where he soon attained the rating of Midshipman, and served, until 1810, in the Fleur de la Mer schooner, Lieut.-Commander Daly, and Daedalus 32, Capt, Sam, Hood Inglefield. He then joined the Princess of Orange 74, flag-ship in the Downs of Vice-Admiral Geo. Campbell; was employed, from Nov. in the same year until Jan. 1814, in the Cracker 14, Lieut.-Commanders Henry Fyge Jauncey and Mich. Fitton, under the first of whom he took, in the North Sea, 22 Nov. 1810, the Diane privateer, of 4 guns and 22 men; and, in Dec. 1814, was promoted, from the Tonnant 80, flag-ship of Sir Alex. Cochrane, to the command, with the rank of Acting-Lieutenant, of the Destructive gun-vessel. While in attendance on the ensuing expedition against New Orleans, he was slightly wounded during a furious conflict which rendered captive to the British a flotilla of five American gun-boats on Lake Borgne, after the heavy loss to the former of 17 men killed and 77 wounded. Being confirmed in the rank of Lieutenant 29 Mar. 1815, Mr. Cole returned home in the Wasp sloop, Capt. John Fisher, and, after a further servitude of two years, again in the West Indies, on board the Primrose 18, Capt. Chas. Geo. Rodney Phillott, Pique 36, Capts. Jas. Haldane Tait and John M‘Kellar, and Active 38, Capt. Phil. Carteret, was placed on half-pay 9 Oct. 1817. Since that date he has not been afloat.
While in the Primrose, on her passage from England to Jamaica, Lieut. Cole intrepidly plunged overboard, and, at the risk of his own life, saved that of one of the crew. Agents – Hallett and Robinson.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Cole, Thomas Edmund

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​COLE. (Commander, 1821. f-p., 29; h-p., 21.)
Thomas Edmund Cole, born at Chatham, co. Kent, is son of the late Thos. Cole, Esq., R.N., an officer who had been present in Rodney’s action of 12 April, 1782, and at the capture of St. Eustatius.
This officer entered the Navy, 1 March, 1797, as a Volunteer, on board the Robust 74, Capts. Edw. Thornbrough, Geo. Countess, Wm. Brown, and Wm. Henry Jervis, under the first of whom he assisted, off the coast of Ireland, at the capture, 12 Oct. 1798, with a loss to the Robust of 10 men killed and 40 wounded, of the French 74-gun ship Le Hoche, one of a squadron commanded by Commodore Bompart. In May, 1802, he became Midshipman of the Formidable 98, Capt. Rich. Grindall, on the West India station. He joined, on the renewal of hostilities, the Plantagenet 74, Capts. Graham Eden Hamond and Hon. Mich. De Courcy, in the Channel; and, removing next to the Ville de Paris 110, bearing the flag of the Hon. Wm. Cornwallis, commanded that ship’s forecastle quarters in her pursuit of the French fleet into Brest, and skirmish with the enemy’s batteries, 22 Aug. 1805. Being promoted, 17 April, 1806, from the Hibernia 110, flag-ship of Earl St. Vincent, to an Acting-Lieutenancy in the Prince George 98, Capt. Geo. Losack, he was, on 15 July following, after filling a similar post for short periods on board the Polyphemus 64, Capt. Robt. Redmill, and Illustrious 74, Capt. Wm. Shields, officially promoted into the Warrior 74, Capt. John Wm. Spranger. In the latter ship Mr. Cole appears to have served, as First-Lieutenant, at the reduction, in June, 1809, of Ischia and Procida, and, in the following Oct., of the Ionian Islands, particularly of Zante and Cephalonia, where, in addition to the boats of the squadron, he also commanded the Admiral’s division of gunboats, and behaved very creditably. We likewise discover him, in detached charge of a boat armed with a howitzer, serving in the Faro of Messina at the defence of Sicily, when threatened with an invasion from Murat. Mr. Cole next joined, 12 Dec. 1811, the Bulwark 74, flag-ship in Basque Roads of Rear-Admiral Philip Chas. Durham; and was afterwards appointed, always in the capacity of First-Lieutenant – 12 May, 1813, to the Pyramus 36, Capt. Jas. Whitley Deans Dundas – 5 Aug. 1814, to the Euphrates 36, Capt. Robt. Preston – 23 Aug. 1815, to the Tagus 38, Capt. J. W. D. Dundas-and, in Oct. 1816, to the Minden 74, flag-ship in India of Sir Rich. King, of which for seven months he officiated as Acting-Captain. Having been paid off in 1820, he was invested, 19 July, 1821, with the rank of Commander; after which he served most effectually in the Coast Guard from 1827 to 1830, and again from 1831 to 1834. Since the latter date he has been on half-pay.
Commander Cole married, 19 Feb. 1824, Rebecca, daughter of John Evans, Esq., of Saltash, Cornwall, who was for many years secretary and confidential friend, and ultimately executor, of Admiral Hon. Wm. Cornwallis, G.C.B. By that lady he has issue ten children.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Colby, Thomas

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​COLBY. (Commander, 1814. f-p., 17; h-p., 33.)
Thomas Colby, born 6 Jan. 1782, at Great Torrington, co. Devon, is second son of an eminent surgeon, now deceased, by Mary Copplestone, of the ancient Devonshire family of that name; and brother of Mr. Henry Colby, midshipman R.N., who perished, 19 Feb. 1809, in a prize belonging to the Sheldrake sloop.
This officer entered the Navy, 2 March, 1797, as Midshipman, on board the Bedford 74, Capt. Sir Thos. Byard, part of Admiral Duncan’s fleet in the memorable victory achieved off Camperdown, 11 Oct. 1797. On subsequently accompanying Sir T. Byard into the Foudroyant 80, he witnessed the defeat of Commodore Bompart’s squadron on the coast of Ireland, 13 Oct. 1798; after which he joined in succession the Hazard sloop, Capt. Wm. Butterfield, Prince and Prince George 98’s, flag-ships of Sir Chas. Cotton in the Channel, St. Fiorenzo 36, Capt. Joseph Bingham, with whom he sailed for the East Indies, and Centurion 50, Capts. Jas. Lind and John Sprat Rainier. On 18 Sept. 1804, he bore a part in the gallant and successful defence made by the latter ship, when attacked in Vizagapatam Roads by the French 80-gun ship Marengo, bearing the flag of Admiral Linois, and frigates Atalante and Semillante, all of whom sheered off after maintaining a furious cannonade of nearly two hours. Having been promoted, 8 April, 1805, to a Lieutenancy in the Thunderer 74, Capts. Wm. Lechmere, John Stockham (Acting), and John Talbot, he next, on 22 July and 21 Oct. 1805, shared in Sir Robt. Calder’s action and the battle of Trafalgar, and was present, in Feb. 1807, at the passage of the Dardanells, on which occasion he boarded and destroyed one of the Turkish frigates, and received two splinter-wounds. Mr. Colby–who, as we should have previously stated, formed one of a party that boarded and carried a French national lugger in the East Indies in Jan. 1804, and had taken an active part in the defence of Gaeta in 1806–further assisted in the expedition, of 1807, to Egypt, where he was for three weeks employed in an open boat on the river Nile. In July, 1809, he joined the Cadmus 10, Capt. John Williams, through whose directions he brought out, 4 Oct. following, a national armed transport from under the batteries in Quiberon Bay. We subsequently find him appointed–14 Dec. 1809, to the Hyperion 36, Capt. Brodie, on the West India station–12 Aug. 1810, to the Rainbow 28, Capt Jas. Wooldridge, in the Mediterranean–19 Aug. 1811, to the Ajax 74, Capt. Sir Robt. Laurie, on the same station–and, 7 March, 1813, to the Prince of Wales 98, Capt. John Erskine Douglas, in which ship he beheld the fall of Genoa in April, 1814. He then returned to England in acting-command of the prize-brig Sphynx; and, on 17 May, was promoted to his present rank. He has not since been afloat.
Commander Colby has received a pecuniary reward from the Patriotic Fund. He married, 26 April, 1826, Mary, daughter of the Rev. John Palmer, of Torrington, and niece of the late Marchioness of Thomond, by whom he has had five children.