# Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute/Volume 36

TRANSACTIONS
OF THE
NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE
TRANSACTIONS
AND
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE,
1903
VOL. XXXVI.
(Nineteenth of New Series)
EDITED AND PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE INSTITUTE
By
A. HAMILTON
Issued August, 1904
WELLINGTON
JOHN MACKAY, GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
KEGAN, PAUL, TRENCH, TRÜBNER & CO., PATERNOSTER HOUSE, CHARING CROSS ROAD, LONDON
CONTENTS.
TRANSACTIONS.
I.—Miscellaneous. :
| | | | PAGES. |
| Art. | I. | Notes on Two Maori Calabashes, with Carved Wooden Necks, called Tuki or Ko-ano-ano. By Dr. Newman | 1–4 |
| | II. | On the Maori Method of preparing and using Kokowai. By Archdeacon Walsh | 4–10 |
| | III. | Moriori Carving on the Trunks of Karaka-trees. By A. Hamilton | 11–13 |
| | IV. | Maori Marriage Customs: being Notes on Ancient Maori Customs, Ritual and Sociological, connected with Courtship, Marriage, and Divorce; together with some Account of the Levirate, and of many Superstitious Beliefs and Ancient Animistic Myths connected with the same, as held and preserved bv the Maori Peoples of the Tuhoe Tribe. By Elsdon Best | 14–67 |
| | V. | The Sparrow Plague and its Remedy. By A. Bathgate | 67–79 |
| | VI. | Note on the Veracity of the Returns of Age in the Census of 1901. By Professor Segar | 80–84 |
| | VII. | On Certain Decimal and Metric Fallacies. By R. Coupland Harding | 85–111 |
| II.—Zoology. ||||
| | VIII. | The Kohoperoa or Koekoea, Long-tailed Cuckoo (Urodynamis taitensis): An Account of its Habits, Description of a Nest containing its (supposed) Egg, and a Suggestion as to how the Parasitic Habit in Birds has become established. By Robert Fulton, M.B., C.M., Edin. | 113–148 |
| | IX. | Description of a New Fish. By Captain F. W. Hutton, F.R.S. | 148–149 |
| | X. | On the Occurrence of Centrolophus in New Zealand. By Captain F. W. Hutton, F.R.S. | 149–150 |
| | XI. | Revision of the New Zealand Members of the Genus Phorocera. By Captain F. W. Hutton, F.R.S. | 150–153 |
| | XII. | Two New Flies. By Captain F. W. Hutton, F.R.S. | 153–154 |
| | XIII. | On a New Weta from the Chatham Islands. By Captain F. W. Hutton, F.R.S. | 154 |
| | XIV. | Description of a New Blow-fly from Campbell Island. By Captain F. VV. Hutton, F.R.S. | 155 |
| | XV. | On the Occurrence of the Curlew-Sandpiper (Ancylochilus sub-arquatus) in New Zealand. By Captain F. W. Hutton, F.R.S. | 155–156 |
| | XVI. | On the Anatomy of Paryphanta fumosa, Tenison Woods. By R. Murdoch | 156–161 ​ |
| | XVII. | On the Occurrence of Vanessa atalanta and Plusia festucæ in Southland. By A. Philpott | 161 |
| | XVIII. | Notes on Southern Lepidoptera. By A. Philpott | 161–170 |
| | XIX. | Notes on an Insect found in some Hot Springs at Taupo. By J. W. Poynton | 170–172 |
| | XX. | The Sipunculids of New Zealand. By Professor W. B. Benham | 172–184 |
| | XXI. | On a New Species of Leech (Hirudo antipodum) recently discovered in New Zealand. By Professor W. B. Benham | 185–192 |
| | XXII. | A Note on the Oligochæta of the New Zealand Lakes. By Professor W. B. Benham | 192–198 |
| | XXIII. | An apparently New Species of Regalecus (R. parkeri). By Professor W. B. Benham | 198–200 |
| | XXIV. | A Species of Ixodes parasitic on the Grey Duck. By Professor C. Chilton | 201–202 |
| III.—Botany. ||||
| | XXV. | Plants naturalised in the County of Ashburton. By W. W. Smith | 203–225 |
| | XXVI. | A Botanical Excursion during Midwinter to the Southern Islands of New Zealand. By L. Cockayne, Ph.D. | 225-333 |
| | XXVII. | Abnormal Growth of a Plant of Phormium colensoi. By Right Rev. W. L. Williams | 333–334 |
| | XXVIII. | On Abnormal Developments in New Zealand Ferns: with a List of Papers by various Authors on the Ferns of New Zealand. By A. Hamilton | 334–372 |
| | XXIX. | List of Papers and Notices on Botanical Subjects in the "Transactions of the New Zealand Institute" and other Publications. By A. Hamilton | 342–372 |
| IV.—Geology. ||||
| | XXX. | On the Subdivision of the Lower Mesozoic Rocks of New Zealand. By Professor Park | 373–404 |
| | XXXI. | On the Age and Relations of the New Zealand Coalfields. By Professor Park | 405–418 |
| | XXXII. | On the Geology of North Head, Waikouaiti, and its relation to the Geological History of Dunedin. By Professor Park | 418–430 |
| | XXXIII. | On the Jurassic Age of the Maitai Series. By Professor Park | 431–446 |
| | XXXIV. | On the Discovery of Permo-carboniferous Rocks at Mount Mary, North Otago. By Professor Park | 447–453 |
| | XXXV. | The Northern Wairoa. By E. K. Mulgan, M.A. | 453–464 |
| | XXXVI. | Notes on a Small Collection of Fossils from Wharekuri, on the Waitaki River, North Otago. By A. Hamilton | 465–467 |
| | XXXVII. | Boulders in Triassic Conglomerate, Nelson. By Dr. P. Marshall | 467–471 |
| | XXXVIII. | Second Supplement to the "Materials for a Bibliography of the Dinornithidæ." By A. Hamilton | 471–473 |
| | XXXIX. | Note on the Remains of some Extinct Birds of New Zealand found near Ngapara. By A. Hamilton | 474–477 |
| | XL. | Note on a Dyke at Nugget Point. By R. Speight, M.A., B.Sc. | 477–479 |
| | XLI. | Some Caves and Water-passages in the Greymouth District. By H. N. McLeod | 479–480 ​ |
| V.—Chemistry and Physics. ||||
| | XLII. | On the Regeneration of Cyanide Solutions. By Godfrey Doveton, M.A.I.M.E. Communicated by Professor J. Park | 481–483 |
| | XLIII. | Studies on the Chemistry of the New Zealand Flora. By Professor T. Easterfield and B. C. Aston | 483–486 |
| | XLIV. | Note on the Interaction of Citric and Sulphuric Acids. By James Bee | 486–487 |
| | XLV. | An Experiment bearing on the Wave Theory of Light. By J. S. S. Cooper | 487–490 |
| | XLVI. | The Physical Properties of Kauri-gum. By J. S. S. Cooper | 490–492 |
| | XLVII. | Note on a supposed Heat-effect. By J. S. S. Cooper. | 492 |
| I.—Miscellaneous—continued. ||||
| | XLVIII. | On certain Statistics respecting the Trend of English Trade. By Professor H. W. Segar | 493–501 |
| | XLIX. | A Note on Drawing for Competitions. By Professor H. W. Segar | 501–504 |
| | L. | A Comparison of the Age-distribution of the Populations of the Four Chief Provincial Districts of New Zealand. By Professor H. W. Segar | 504–511 |
| Annual Report of the New Zealand Institute | Annual Report of the New Zealand Institute | Annual Report of the New Zealand Institute | 515 |
| "New Zealand Institute Act, 1903" | "New Zealand Institute Act, 1903" | "New Zealand Institute Act, 1903" | xii.–xiv. |
| Regulations of the New Zealand Institute under the Act of 1903 | Regulations of the New Zealand Institute under the Act of 1903 | Regulations of the New Zealand Institute under the Act of 1903 | xiv.–xvii. |
| Report on Colonial Time-ball Observatory | Report on Colonial Time-ball Observatory | Report on Colonial Time-ball Observatory | 517 |
| Proceedings— | Proceedings— | Wellington Philosophical Society | 523 |
| {{{1}}}„ | {{{1}}}„ | Auckland Institute | 529 |
| {{{1}}}„ | {{{1}}}„ | Philosophical Institute of Canterbury | 534 |
| {{{1}}}„ | {{{1}}}„ | Otago Institute | 538 |
| {{{1}}}„ | {{{1}}}„ | Westland Institute | 543 |
| {{{1}}}„ | {{{1}}}„ | Hawke's Bay Philosophical Institute | 545 |
| {{{1}}}„ | {{{1}}}„ | Nelson | 546 |
LIST OF PLATES AT THE END OF THE VOLUME.
| Plate | | To illustrate Article |
| I. | Calabash, with Carved Mouthpiece.—Newman | I. |
| II. | Mouthpiece of Calabash.—Newman | I. |
| III. | Moriori Carving, Chatham Islands.—Hamilton | III. |
| IV. | Veracity of Census Returns.—Segar | VI. |
| V. | Veracity of Census Returns.—Segar | VI. |
| VI. | Paryphanta fumosa.—Murdoch | XVI. |
| VII. | New Zealand Sipunculids.—Benham | XX. |
| VIII. | Hirudo antipodum.—Benham | XXI. |
| IX. | Regalecus parkeri.—Benham | XXIII. |
| X. | Ixodes anatis.—Chilton | XXIV. |
| XI. | Leaves of Panas simplex.—Cockayne | XXVI. |
| XII. | Sand Dunes, Enderby Island.—Cockayne | XXVI. |
| XIII. | Rata Forest, Auckland Islands.—Cockayne | XXVI. |
| XIV. | Olearia lyallii Forest, Ewing Island.—Cockayne | XXVI. |
| XV. | Olearia lyallii Forest, Ewing Island.—Cockayne | XXVI. ​ |
| XVI. | Exterior View of Rata Forest, Enderby Island.—Cockayne | XXVI. |
| XVII. | North End of Auckland Island from Enderby Island.—Cockayne | XXVI. |
| XVIII. | Aristotelia fruticosa.—Cockayne | XXVI. |
| XIX. | Cliffs, Antipodes Island.—Cockayne | XXVI. |
| XX. | Flat Meadow, Antipodes Island.—Cockayne | XXVI. |
| XXI. | Aralia lyallii, Ruapuke Island.—Cockayne | XXVI. |
| XXII. | Effect of Moist Air and Light on Veronica lycopodioides.—Cockayne | XXVI. |
| XXIII. | Auckland, Bounty, and Antipodes Islands, Maps of.—Cockayne | XXVI. |
| XXIV. | Campbell Island, Map of.—Cockayne | XXVI. |
| XXV. | Abnormal Growth of Phormium.—Williams | XXVII. |
| XXVI. | Fern Variations.—Hamilton |
| XXVII. | Fern Variations.—Hamilton |
| XXVIII. | Geological Sketch-map, Nugget Point and Catlin's River.—Park | XXX. |
| XXIX. | Section, South Head, Shaw Bay, to Nugget Point.—Park | XXX. |
| XXX. | Section, Mount Cook Range to Pott's River.—Park | XXX. |
| XXXI. | Sections, Tank Gully.—Park | XXXI. |
| XXXII. | Geology of Waikouaiti, North Head.—Park | XXXII. |
| XXXIII. | Section across Well's Creek, Eighty-eight Valley.—Park | XXXIII. |
| XXXIV. | Section from Waimea Plains to Wairoa Gorge and Upper Roding River | XXXIII. |
| XXXV. | Section, Waitaki to Mount Mary.—Park | XXXIV. |
| XXXVI. | Plan of Part of Waitaki Valley.—Park | XXXIV. |
| XXXVII. | Aturia ziczac var. Australis.—Hamilton | XXXVI. |
| XXXVIII. | Section of Aturia ziczac var. Australis.—Hamilton | XXXVI. |
| XXXIX. | Rock Section.—Marshall | XXXVII. |
| XL. | Rock Sections.—Marshall | XXXVII. |
| XLI. | Rock Sections.—Marshall | XXXVII. |
| XLII. | Age-distribution in New Zealand.—Segar | L. |
| XLIII. | Age-distribution in New Zealand.—Segar | L. |
| XLIV. | Age-distribution in New Zealand.—Segar | L. |