OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Trift

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Trift | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Trift, f., ‘right of pasturage, common,’ from MidHG. trift, f., ‘pasture,’ lit. ‘place to which something is driven’; not recorded in OHG. Trift (as in the case of Acker) is a relic of the speech of primit. nomad life. MidHG. trift also signifies (as a derivative of the root of treiben) ‘herd, drove, floating (of wood), actions, mode of life’; comp. E. drift and drove.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Trog

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Trog | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Trog, m., ‘trough,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. troc (g), m.; comp. Du. trog, AS. trog, E. trough, OIc. trog. The assumed Teut. trogo-, from which the cognate Ital. truogo, ‘trough,’ is borrowed, is based on pre-Teut. dru-kó-, which is rightly connected with the Aryan stem dru (dreu, deru), ‘tree, wood,’ discussed under Teer; comp. Sans. dru, dâru, ‘wood.’ Hence Trog is lit. ‘wooden article.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Trommel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Trommel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Trommel, f., ‘drum, cylinder, sieve,’ from the equiv. late MidHG. trumel, trumbel, f., of which the classical MidHG. form is trumbe (trumme, trume), ‘drum, trumpet’; comp. OHG. trumpa, trumba, ‘trumpet.’ The Rom. languages have a corresponding word, Ital. tromba, Fr. trompe. Since these have no Lat. form, OHG. trumba may be regarded as their source. OHG. trumba seems to be identical with OIc. trumba, ‘pipe, stalk, trumpet,’ in which case the latter is probably nearer the primary meaning.— ModHG. Trompete, ‘trumpet’ (even in MidHG. trúmet, trúmbet), is based on Rom.; comp. Fr. trompette, Ital. trombetta.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Trester

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Trester | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Trester, plur., ‘husks, grape-skins,’ from MidHG. tręster, OHG. trestir, plur., ‘grains, residue.’ The similarity in meaning to Treber, ‘grains,’ points to a primit. kinship of OHG. trębir and tręstir (comp. also AS. dœrstan, ‘lees’), so that tręstir would represent *trefstir or *tręhstir. Pruss. drag(illegible text)os, OSlov. drożdiję and droštija, ‘lees,’ which are primit. allied to these words, are also similarly related.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rock

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Rock. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rock, masculine, ‘coat, robe, petticoat,’ from Middle High German roc (genitive rockes), Old High German rocch, masculine, ‘outer garment, coat’; corresponding to the equivalent Dutch rok, Old Frisian rok, Anglo-Saxon rocc, Old Icelandic rokkr; the implied Gothic *rukka- is wanting. From the Teutonic cognates is derived the Romance class, French rochet, ‘surplice’ (Middle Latin roccus, ‘coat’), which again passed into English (rochet). The early history of the Teutonic cognates is obscure; allied to Rocken?.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Ritze

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Ritze. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Ritze, feminine, ‘rift, rent,’ from Middle High German riz (genitive ritzes), masculine, ‘rift, wound,’ like rißen, from Middle High German ritzen, ‘to scratch, wound,’ Old High German rizzen, rizzân; allied to reißen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Robbe

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Robbe. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Robbe, feminine, ‘sea-dog, seal,’ borrowed from Low German, like most Modern High German words with a medial bb (Ebbe, Krabbe, &c.); compare Dutch rob, masculine, ‘sea-dog, seal’; the equivalent Scandinavian kobbi, similar in sound (akin to kópr, ‘young sea-dog’), is not allied. The Teutonic word, Gothic *silha- (compare Anglo-Saxon seolh, English seal, Old High German sëlah, Old Icelandic selr) became obsolete in German at an early period. The source and history of the Low German term is obscure.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rohr

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Rohr. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rohr, neuter, ‘reed, cane, rush,’ from the equivalent Middle High German and Old High German rôr (genitive rôres), neuter; an earlier *rauza is to be assumed; compare Gothic raus, neuter, Old Icelandic reyr, masculine, Dutch roer, ‘reed’ (wanting in Old Saxon, Anglo-Saxon, and English). The Teutonic form in s, closely allied to the Gothic, passed into Romance; compare French roseau, ‘creed’ and the equivalent Provençal raus. The form rausa-, with which Reuse and Röhre (Rost, (1)?) are also connected, is related to Latin ruscum, ‘butcher's broom’; compare Moos with Latin muscus.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rodomontade

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Rodomontade. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rodomontade, feminine, ‘boasting, bluster, swaggering,’ from the equivalent French rodomontade, Italian rodomondata, feminine Rodomonte is derived from Ariosto's Orlando Furioso, and is the name of a boastful Moorish hero; it first appears in Boiardo's Orlando Innamorata, and means literally ‘roller of mountains, one who boasts that he can roll away mountains.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rogen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Rogen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rogen, masculine, ‘roe, spawn,’ from the equivalent Middle High German rogen, Old High German rogan, masculine, for an earlier *hrogan, mm.; also Middle High German roge, Old High German rogo, masculine; corresponding to the equivalent Old Icelandic hrogn, neuter plural, Anglo-Saxon *hrogn, English roan, ​roe. Gothic *hrugna- is by chance not recorded. The true source of the word cannot be found; some connect it with Anglo-Saxon hrog, ‘nasal mucus,’ others with Greek κρόκη, ‘pebble,’ Sanscrit çarkara, ‘gravel.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Roche

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Roche. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Roche (1.), masculine, ‘ray, thornback,’ from Low German ruche; compare the equivalent Dutch roch, rog, Anglo-Saxon reohha, *rohha, whence Middle English reihe, rouhe; also English roach, rocke? (English ray is derived from Latin raja, whence also Italian raja, French raie).
Roche (2.), masculine, ‘castle’ (at chess), from the equivalent Middle High German roch, neuter; borrowed with chess-playing from the French (roc, whence also Middle English and English rook). The ultimate source is Persian rukh, rokh, ‘archer mounted on an elephant’ (at chess), Derivative rochieren.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rocken

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Rocken. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rocken, masculine, ‘distaff,’ from the equivalent Middle High German rocke, Old High German roccho, masculine; common to Teutonic in the same sense; compare Dutch rok, rocken, Anglo-Saxon *rocca, Middle English rocke, English rock, Old Icelandic rokkr; Gothic *rukka is by chance not recorded. The Teutonic word passed into Romance; compare Italian rocca, ‘distaff.’ It may be doubted whether Recken and Rock are derived from an old root rak, ‘to spin,’ which does not occur elsewhere. At any rate, Rocken is not connected with the equivalent Low German wocken, since the cognates of Rocken, according to the Low German and English terms, have not lost an initial w.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Riß

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Riß. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Riß, masculine, ‘cleft, gap, schism,’ from Middle High German riȥ, masculine, ‘cleft’; the corresponding Old High German riȥ, masculine, in contrast to the Middle High German and Modern High German which are connected with the verb reißen, preserves the earlier meaning ‘letter’ (Gothic writs, ‘stroke, point’), which connects it with Gothic wrîtan, ‘to write, draw’ (see reißen). Compare, moreover, Riß, in the earlier sense of ‘sketch.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Roggen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Roggen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Roggen, masculine, for the genuine High German Rocke, Rocken (in Bavarian and Hessian, Korn is almost invariably used), ‘rye.’ The gg of the Modern High German written form is either Low German or Swiss (see Egge in list of corrections); in Middle High German rocke, Old High German rocko, masculine, ‘rye, secale’; corresponding to Old Saxon roggo, Dutch rogge. Upper German, as well as Low German and Frisian, imply the primary form *rŭggn-. On the other hand, English and Scandinavian assume a Gothic *rŭgi-; compare Anglo-Saxon ryge, English rye, and the equivalent Old Icelandic rŭgr. Pre-Teutonic rughi- is proved by Lithuanian rugýs, ‘rye-corn’ (rugei, plural, ‘rye’), Old Slovenian rŭżĭ, ‘rye’ (Greek ὄρυζα, ‘rice,’ from Sanscrit vrĭhi, is not allied). Among the East Aryans this term is wanting.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/stemmen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry stemmen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ stemmen, verb, ‘to stem, check, oppose,’ from Middle High German and Old High German stęmmen (stęmen), ‘to check, restrain, cause to stand.’ For the root stam, see under stammeln, stumm, ungestüm.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/sterben

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry sterben. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ sterben, verb, ‘to die,’ from the equivalent Middle High German stërben, Old High German stërban, strong verb, corresponding to Old Saxon stërƀan, Dutch sterven, Anglo-Saxon steorfan, ‘to die,’ English to starve. In East Teutonic this term is wanting (compare the root discussed under tot). Old Icelandic, however, preserves a corresponding starf, neuter, ‘work, trouble, effort,’ to which starfa, ‘to take pains,’ and stjarfe, ‘tetanus, locked jaw,’ are allied. The parallel development of Greek οἱ καμόντες, ‘the dead,’ from κάμνω, ‘to take pains,’ shows that we may assign, on the basis of the Scandinavian words, the primary meaning ‘to torment oneself’ to the West Teutonic stërban. Unfortunately the early history of the Teutonic root sterb is obscure. For the primitive Aryan root for ‘to die’ see under Mord.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/stetig

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry stetig. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ stetig, adjective, ‘constant, continual,’ from Middle High German stætec (g), with the variant stæte (Old High German stâti), adjective, ‘firm, constant, stable'; properly a verbal adjective of stehen. Compare the preceding word.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/steppen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry steppen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ steppen, verb ‘to quilt, stitch,’ from Middle High German stëppen, ‘to prick here and there, sew in rows, stitch’; an intensive form from the root of Stift.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/stet

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry stet. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ stet, adjective, ‘fixed, stable, constant,’ from the equivalent Middle High German stæte, Old High German stâti, adjective (see the following word); a verbal adjective from the root sta in stehen (literally ‘that which can stand'). To this is allied stets, adverb, ‘steadily, constantly, always,’ from the equivalent Middle High German stætes, properly a genitive of the adjective.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/stieben

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry stieben. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ stieben, verb, ‘to fly as dust, scatter, disperse,’ from the equivalent Middle High German stieben, Old High German stiuban, strong verb. Allied to Dutch stuiven, and the cognates of Staub; see the latter and stöbern.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/stier

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry stier. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ stier, adjective, ‘staring,’ Modern High German only; allied to starr.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/steil

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry steil. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ steil, adjective, ‘steep,’ from the equivalent late the variants of which, steigel, Old High German steigal, prove the origin of steil (literally ‘mounting’) from the cognates discussed under Steig. Compare Dutch steil, Anglo-Saxon stœ̂gl, stœ̂ger, ‘steep’; to these are allied Old High German stëcchal, stëhhal, Middle High German stëckel (stëchel), ‘steep,’ Bavarian, Alsatian, Middle High German, and Low German štickel, ‘steep’ (in the Upper German dialects steil seems to be entirely unknown).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/sticheln

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry sticheln. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ sticheln, verb, ‘to prick, stitch,’ is an intensive of stechen by association with Stich.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/sticken

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry sticken. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ sticken, verb, ‘to stitch, embroider,’ from Middle High German sticken, Old High German sticchen (from Teutonic *stikjan), weak verb, ‘to pierce, thrust, stitch, embroider.’ Originally a variant of stikan, ‘to pierce,’ from the root stik (see stechen, Stich); compare English to stitch, from Anglo-Saxon *sticcan, Dutch stikken. — To this ersticken, ‘to choke, suffocate,’ from the equivalent Middle High German ersticken, Old High German irsticchen, is allied.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Wart

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Wart | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Wart, m., ‘warder,’ from MidHG. and OHG. wart, ‘warder, keeper,’ which appears only as the second component of compounds. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Warze

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Warze | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Warze, f., ‘wart, teat,’ from the equiv. MidHG. warze, OHG. warza, f.; corresponding to Goth. *wartô, OIc. varta, AS. wearte, E. wart, and the equiv. Du. wrat. The early history of Teut. wartô- (from Aryan wardô-) is uncertain; some connect it with the Aryan root wrd, ‘to grow,’ from which Wurzel is derived, and regard Warze as ‘excrescence’ (comp. OSlov. vrědŭ, ‘eruption’). Others prefer to compare it with AS. wearre, ‘weal,’ Lat. verrûca, ‘wart,’ the rr of which may have arisen by the loss of an intermediate dental.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Wasser

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Wasser | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Wasser, n., ‘water,’ from the equiv. MidHG. waȥȥer, OHG. waȥȥar; comp. OSax. watar, Du. water, AS. wœter, E. water; beside these West Teut. forms in r (watar-o-) are found the forms in n, Goth. watô, OIc. vatn, n., ‘water.’ The root wat is related by gradation to ut in Otter, and to wêt in AS. wœ̂t, E. wet, North Fris. wiat, ‘damp, wet.’ The other Aryan languages have also corresponding graded forms with the same signification; Aryan ud in Gr. ὕδωρ (Lat. unda?), OSlov. voda, Sans. udán, ‘water, billow,’ udrín, ‘abounding in water, ​and also the root ud, ‘to moisten’ (with which the cognates of ModHG. waschen are connected?). Hence the Aryan root is ū̆d, wē̆d, wō̆d. The Aryan word corresponding to Lat. aqua assumed in Teut. (Goth. ahwa) the meaning ‘river.’ See Au.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Wanze

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Wanze | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Wanze, f., ‘bug,’ from the equiv. MidHG. wanze, f. The word first appeared in the 13th cent.; in MidHG. and OHG. the term wantlûs, ‘house-bug,’ is used in the same sense; probably Wanze is an abbreviation of the latter (comp. Spatz with Sperling). For the meaning comp. Czech stěnice, ‘bug,’ from stěna, ‘wall.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Warte

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Warte | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Warte, f., ‘watch-tower, belfry,’ from MidHG. warte, OHG. warta, f., ‘reconnoitring, ambush.’ —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Wanst

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Wanst | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Wanst, m., ‘paunch, belly,’ from the equiv. MidHG. wanst (węnst), OHG. wanast (węnist), m. A specifically HG. word, which, however, like most of the names for parts of the body (comp. Fuß, Herz, and Niere), is genuine Aryan. It is probably connected with Lat. venter, ‘belly,’ but more nearly with Sans. vastí, ‘bladder,’ and vanišṭhú, ‘entrails.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Wappen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Wappen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Wappen, n., ‘(coat of) arms, escutcheon,’ from the equiv. MidHG. wâpen, with the variant wâfen, n. The former is the LG. form, which established itself through the chivalry of the Lower Rhine; comp. Tölpel.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Ware

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Ware | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Ware, f., ‘goods, merchandise,’ from the equiv. late MidHG. war, f.; a LG. word, corresponding to the equiv. Du. waar, AS. waru, E. ware, OIc. vara, f. Goth. *warô (but not *wazô) must be assumed; if the latter meant lit. ‘valuable article,’ wert Teut. wer-þo-) might be regarded as cognate.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Wase

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Wase | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Wase, f., see Base.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Wasen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Wasen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Wasen, m., ‘sod, turf, grass,’ from MidHG. wase, OHG. waso, m., ‘sward, damp soil or mound’; also OHG. wasal, n., ‘damp mound.’ The word is identical with Rasen, just as sprechen with E. to speak; comp. AS. węččęan, wręččęan, ‘to awake,’ and AS. wrîxl with Wechsel. Hence there existed Aryan roots with and without r; we must therefore regard wraso, waso, as the Teut. base; for the area of diffusion see Rasen. From OHG. is derived Fr. gazon, ‘sward.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Taumel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Taumel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Taumel, masculine, ‘reeling, staggering, frenzy,’ from Middle High German tū̆meln (tū̆men, tū̆melieren), ‘to reel, stagger,’ Old High German tûmalôn (tū̆môn), ‘to turn.’ From the Old High German and Middle High German variant with is derived tummeln (compare also Rohrdommel). The Teutonic root dû contained in these words leads to kinship with the Sanscrit root dhû, ‘to storm along, put in violent motion, shake.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Teer

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Teer. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Teer, masculine and neuter, ‘tar,’ early Modern High German only, a Low German word (unknown to Swabian and Bavarian); compare Dutch teer, Anglo-Saxon teoro (tyrwe), English tar, and the equivalent Old Icelandic tjara (to which Old Icelandic tyrviðr, ‘pine-wood,’ is allied). The High German form Zehr is recorded in the Modern High German period in Hessian. These cognates meaning ‘tar’ are old derivatives of a Teutonic word trewo-, ‘tree’ (compare Gothic triu, English tree), which is based upon Aryan derw-, dorw- (dru), ‘tree, wood’; compare Greek δρῦς, ‘oak’ (δόρυ, ‘spear’), Old Slovenian drěvo, ‘tree, wood,’ and the equivalent Sanscrit dâru (dru); see also Trog. Teer means literally ‘the thick oil from trees’ (especially from resinous pine-trees?); compare Lithuanian darvà, ‘‘pine-wood,’ and Lettic darwa, ‘tar.’