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# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Chakravarti, Taranath

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​Chakravarti, Taranath M.A., B.L., Rai Bahadur; Retired Government Pleader, Faridpur; b, 1846; educ, at Faridpur Government School, Dacca College, Cathedra; Mission College, Calcutta, and the Calcutta Presidency College; Government pleader, 1870; retired 1909; has always enjoyed an extensive private practice; has served on the District and Municipal Boards of Faridpur; owin ​considerable landed property in his district; Rai Bahadur, 1905. Publications: “Annotated Criminal Procedure Code in Bengali.” Address: Faridpur, Bengal, India.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Chamba, Raja of; H.H. Sir Raja Bhure Singh

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​Chamba, Raja of; H.H. Sir Raja Bhure Singh, K.C.S.I. (1906), C.I.E. (1910); b. 1869, succeeded his brother. Raja Sham Singh, 1904; invested with full powers, 1904; was Minister during his brother’s time, 1897-1904; area of the State, 3,216 square miles; population, 127,834; revenue, Rs. 3,89,727; is entitled to a salute of 11 guns. Address: Chamba, Punjab, India.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Chalmers, Sir Mackenzie Dalzell

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​Chalmers, Sir MacKenzie Dalzell M.A., K.C.B. (1906), C.S.I. (1899), C.B. (1904); b. 1847; s. of Rev. F. Chalmers, D.D.; educ, at King’s College, London, and Trinity College, Oxford; served in the Indian Civil Service, 1869-72; Barrister Inner Temple, 1869: Counsel to Board of Trade, 1882; Judge of County Courts, 1884; Acting Chief Justice, Gibraltar, 1893; Legal Member, Viceroy’s Council, 1896; retired, 1899: Parliamentary Counsel to the Treasury, 1902-3; Permanent Under-Secretary in the Home Department, 1903-1908; Is a member of the Statute Law Committee and a J.P. for Warwickshire; Member of Royal Commission on Vaccination, 1906; British Delegate at the International Conference on Bills of Exchange at the Hague, 1910; Member, Royal Commission on Maltese Affairs, 1911: Publications: Articles in the Dictionary of Political Economy, and in the Encyclopaedia Britannica; Digest of the Law of sale; Digest of the Law of Bills of Exchange: Address: 27, Grosvener Road, S.W. Athenium, Devonshire. Clubs: Wellington and Ranelagh.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Chamier, Hon. Mr. E. M.

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​Chamier, Hon. Mr. E. M., D.S.C. Barrister-at-law, Judge, High Court, Allahabad; Called to Bar, 1887; entered service as Government Advocate, N.W. Provinces, 1896; Addl. Judicial Commissioner, Oudh, 1901; Judicial Commissioner, 1907; Judge, High Court, Allahabad, 1910. Address: Allahabad, U.P., India.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Chajuram Tiwari

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​Chajuram Tiwari, M.R.A.S., Diwan Bahadur, Diwan of Dhar State; b. 1858; educ, at Mhow; engaged in famine work at Barwani, 1897; Organized the State Forest Department; Superintendent, State forests, 1904; made Minister, 1909: attended Durbars of 1877, 1903 and 1911. Address: Dhar, Central India.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Chakravarti, J. S.

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​Chakravarti, J. S., M.A., F.R.A.S., Bangalore; b. 1875; Ex-Officio Financial Secretary to the Government of Mysore; Member, Mysore Legislative Council. Address: Bangalore, Mysore, India.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Chalmers, His Excellency Sir Robert

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​Chalmers, His Excellency Sir Robert, K.C.B., (1908): C.B. 1900; Governor, Commander-in Chief, and Vice-Admiral-Elect, Ceylon: o.s. of late John Chalmers of Aberdeen; b. 1858; educ, at the City of London School and at Oriel College, Oxford; 1st class classical moderations, 1878; 2nd class, Natural Science, 1881 and M.A., 1908; clerk in the Treasury, 1882-1904; Assistant Secretary and Chairman, Board of Inland Revenue, 1907-1911; Secretary to the Treasury; Secretary, Indian Currency Commission, 1898-9; Member, Indian Currency Commission, 1913; Governor of Ceylon, 1911; Publication: A History of Colonial Currency. Address: Government House, Colombo, Ceylon.
# The Illustrators of Montmartre/Frontispiece

Contents
(Dressmakers Apprentice)
# The Liberty to Trade as Buttressed by National Law

The Liberty to Trade
as
Buttressed by National Law
By
GEORGE H. EARLE, JR.
Philadelphia
1909
TO MR. JUSTICE HARLAN
It has been said that in controversy everything depends upon whether truth be put in the first or in the second place. And so in constitutional law much depends upon whether "liberty" be given precedence.
Since the twelfth century it had been the custom of our ancestors to remedy public evils, as they appear, by the panacea of liberty and ever more liberty, and thus we have become the greatest and happiest nations of the world. Believing that material as well as spiritual welfare must be wrought out by individual effort and worth, we have naturally striven to restrict State action and power to the assurance to all of an equality of liberty to so work them out.
But of late other theories have grown in popularity,—all manner of restrictions, prompted by visionary theories and growing class feeling, have been attempted. That these experiments have, so far, so largely failed of injurious results has been chiefly due to yourself and your associates in the Supreme Court. When I was but a beginner in the law you were defending liberty in the tribunal of which you are a member; you are conspicuously still so doing. You have appeared in this respect the incarnation of the spirit and policy that have made our race great and happy; and I feel that if God loves our country He will still longer preserve you to it in this present hour of greatest need; and, so, I ask your permission to dedicate this hurried attempt to you, not because of any value in the tribute, but that I may, in the only way I can, express my admiration for all you are as well as all that you stand for; for, during the whole period of my citizenship, I have watched you ever "making way for liberty."
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| | PAGE |
| Introduction | 5 |
| Chapter I, "The Sherman Act" | 7 |
| Chapter II, Monopolies | 15 |
| Chapter III, Intent | 21 |
| Chapter IV, Tendency and Power | 25 |
| Chapter V, Indirectness of Restraint | 31 |
| Chapter VI, "Indirectness" in Relation to Cases of Non-Assent | 41 |
| Chapter VII, Competition | 45 |
| Chapter VIII, Restraints through Invading Liberty | 51 |
| Chapter IX, Damages | 55 |
| Chapter X, The Knight Case | 61 |
| Chapter XI, Intra-State Acts | 69 |
| Chapter XII, Conclusions and Conclusion | 75 |
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1928, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 95 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Iliad and Odyssey of Homer (Cowper)/Volume 2

THE
ILIAD and ODYSSEY
OF
HOMER,
TRANSLATED INTO
ENGLISH BLANK VERSE,
BY W. COWPER,
OF THE INNER TEMPLE, ESQ.
IN TWO VOLUMES.
VOL. II.
CONTAINING THE ODYSSEY,
AND
THE BATTLE OF THE FROGS AND MICE.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR J. JOHNSON, N$^o$ 72, ST. PAUL'S CHURCH-YARD.
M DCC XCI.
page
* The Odyssey
* The Battle of the Frogs and Mice
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Iliad and Odyssey of Homer (Cowper)/Volume 2/The Odyssey

The Odyssey is one of the two major ancient Greek epic poems (the other being the Iliad), attributed to the poet Homer. The poem is commonly dated to between 800 and 600 bc. The poem is, in part, a sequel to the Iliad, and concerns the events that befall the Greek hero Odysseus in his long journey back to his native land Ithaca after the fall of Troy.
    Warning: template has been deprecated.
This edition was translated by William Cowper and published in London in 1791 alongside his Iliad. This digital edition was completed by Project Gutenberg in 2008.
The spelling and hyphenation in the original are inconsistent and have not been changed in this text. Transliterations of Greek passages are available through mouse-hover popups. Typographical errors have been left as found in the original (restored from Project Gutenberg corrections).
* Dedication
* Book I
* Book II
* Book III
* Book IV
* Book V
* Book VI
* Book VII
* Book VIII
* Book IX
* Book X
* Book XI
* Book XII
* Book XIII
* Book XIV
* Book XV
* Book XVI
* Book XVII
* Book XVIII
* Book XIX
* Book XX
* Book XXI
* Book XXII
* Book XXIII
* Book XXIV
* Notes
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Nathmolji Gobelha, Rai Sree Seth

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​Nathmolji Gobelha, Rai Sree Seth, Banker and Treasurer, Gvvalior State; b. 1851: educ: privately; belongs to a noble Marwar family; Fellow, Deccan Education Society, Poona; Member. Gwalior Chamber of Commerce; President of the 7th Jain Conference; subscribed 21/2 lakhs to charitable institutions. Address; Sarfa House, Gwalior, Central India.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Narayanamurti, Budhavarpur

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​Narayanamurti, Budhavarpur, Diwan Bahadur, (1906); educ: Anglo-Vernacular School, Vizagapatam; entered service, 1876; rose to the position of Deputy Collector, 1891; retired, 1905; was Vice-President, Vizagapatam District Board, and President, Vizagapatam Club; joined the service of Maharani Gode Gajapathi Rao of Vizagapatam as Deputy Diwan, from which he has since retired; was Chairman, Vizagapatain Municipality for 4 years. Recreation: gardening. Address: Vizagapatam, Madras Presidency, India.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Nawab Syed Ali Chaudhri, Hon’ble

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​Nawab Syed Ali Chaudhri, Hon’ble, Khan Bahadur; elected Member, Legislative Council, Bengal. Address: Calcutta, India.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Narayana Rao, M.

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​Narayana Rao, M., Chief Excise Commissioner and ex-officio Commissioner of Stamps; b. 1854; educ: Wesleyan Methodist School and Central College, Bangalore; joined Mysore service, 1871; Head Cleric on Special duty during the famine; Assistant Revenue Commissioner, 1831; Under Secretary to ​Dewan of Mysore, 1894; special duty in charge of Statistics, 1895; Deputy Commissioner, 1905; officiating Excise Commissioner; invested with 1st class Magisterial Powers, 1894; District Magistrate, 1895. Address: Mysore, India.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Natesan, Ganapati Agraharam

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​Natesan, Ganapati Agraharam, B.A., F.M.U., Editor and Proprietor, ‘The Indian Review’, Madras; Chief Partner in Messrs. G. A. Natesan and Co., Madras; b. 1879; educ: Town High School, Kumbakonam, St. Joseph’s College, Trichinopoly, Angl0-Vernacular High School, (now Hindu High School) Triplicane, and the Presidency College, Madras; passed B.A. (History and Economics), 1837; made the Presidency College Literary Society, and the now defunct body, the Madras University Union, successful working institutions; apprenticed for Journalistic work. 1838; started the ‘Indian Review’, 1900; led a successful agitation against the late Sir V. Bhashyam Iyengar’s ‘Hindu Gains of Learning Bill’ almost at the very start of the ‘Indian Review’; took part in the agitation for the improving of the position of Indians in South Africa, 1910-14; Fellow, Madras University, since 1907; Commissioner, Madras Corporation, and Member of the Standing Committee of the Madras Corporation; Member, Madras Mahajana Sabha; the Madras Provincial Congress Committee; the National Fund and Industrial Association; Secretary, Ripon Memorial Committee; Secretary, Madras South African League. Publications: many publications of Indian Social, Political and Educational subjects, which have obtained a wide popularity; issued a 2 as. edition of the Bhagavat Gita (translated by Mrs. Besant); many articles in Reviews and Journals. Address: 297, Thumbu Chetty Street, Georgetown, Madras, India.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Nathi Mal, Hon’ble

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​Nathi Mal, Hon’ble Rai Bahadur, (1896), C.I.E., (1909), belongs to a respectable family of Agarwala Banias; b. 1852; has opened a large number of Pathasalas, dharmasalas and temples and has made liberal contributions to other charitable institutions; Government Treasurer, Bulandshahr district; Chairman, Khurja Municipality; intr duced cotton presses and owns many factories and banks; Honorary Magistrate and Mem ber, Legislative Council, U.P. Address: Khurja, Bulandshah, U.P., India.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Nawab Syed Ghulam-a-Ali Khan Bahadur

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​Nawab Syed Ghulam-a-Ali Khan Bahadur, Nawab of Banganapalli, (See Banganapalle, Nawab of).
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Narayana Rao, Kalle,

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​Narayana Rao, Kalle, B.A., B.L., Diwan Bahadur, (1910); Vakil, Madras; native of Mangalore, S. Canara District; b. 1862; educ: Government College, Mangalore and Presidency College, Madras; B.A., 1881; B.L., 1884; enrolled as Vakil, 1885; Professor, Madras Law College, 1831-1903; acted as Principal for some time; acting Government Pleader and Public Prosecutor, Madras, 1906-08; has been a Fellow of the Madras University, and a Member of the Faculty of Law since 1911; Member, Madras Mahajana Sabha; Member, National Fund and Industrial Association, Madras. Address: Solemins Gardens, Vepery, Madras, India. Club: Cosmopolitan, Mount Road, Madras.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Narayana Singh

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​Narayana Singh, Sardar Bahadur; Captain, Double Company Commander, Bharatpur Imperial Service Infantry; b. 1867; educ: at Ludiana and Lahore; his ancestors held high Military posts in the time of Maharaja Ranjit Singh; his grandfather was Killadar of Ludiana Fort; joined the Tirat Expedition, 1837-98; Havaldar, with the China Expeditionary Force. 1900-01; holds War medals. Address: Bharatpur; also Bakhnwal, Ludiana, Punjab, India.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Nathan, Robert

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​Nathan, Robert, B.A., Bar-at-Law, C.I.E. (1903), C.S.I. (1911), I.C.S.; b. 1866; s. of John Nathan; educ: St. Peter’s College, Cambridge; joined I.C.S. in Bengal, 1888; Under Secretary, ​Government of India (Financial Department), 1895; Under Secretary (Home Department), 1897; Deputy Secretary, 1904; Secretary, University Commission, 1904; Private Secretary to the Viceroy, 1904-05; Commissioner of Dig, 1907; Chief Secretary to Government of East Bengal and Assam, 1910. Publications: ‘Official History of Plague in India’, ‘Progress of Education in India’, and articles for the Imperial Gazetteer of India. Address: Dacca, India. Club: East India United Service.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Chandy, Ven. Jacob

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​Chandy, Ven. Jacob, Pastor of Palhun, and Archdeacon of Mavelikara since 1906; b. 1852; s. of Rev. Jacob Chandy, senior pastor in Travancore C.M.S.; educ: C.M.S. College, Kottayam, Travancore; teacher, B.M.S. Theological Seminary at Tellichery, 1871-73; ordained Deacon, 1875; Theological tutor, Divinity School, Kottayam, 1874-78; Pastor of Trichur, 1879-84, Pastor of Pallan Pallam, 1885; Hon. Chaplain to the Bishop of Travancore and Cochin, ​1892-1906. Address: Pallam, Kottayam, Travancore.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Chanter, E. Dale

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​Chanter, E. Dale; Deputy Accountant-General, Burma; Joined service as Assistant Examiner, 189G; Dy Accountant-General, Bombay, 1910; transferred to Burma, 1911. Address. Rangoon.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Chanda Hon; Mr. K. K.

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​Chanda Hon; Mr. K. K.; Member, Assam Legislative Council, 1912.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Chandrasekar Prasad Singh Deo

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​Chandrasekar Prasad Singh Deo, Raja of Udaipur. At the time of the transfer of this State to the British, in accordance with the agreement entered into with Madhoji Bhonsle in 1818, Kalyan Singh, the then Chief, paid tribute through the state of Sarguja. In 1852, Udaipur escheated to Government; but in 1860, it was conferred on a brother of the chief of Sarguja who had helped the British in the Mutiny of 1857. Area, 1052 Square miles; population, about 50,000. Address: Udaipur, C.P., India.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Chandrasekhara Iyer, K. Sankariah

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​Chandrasekhara Iyer, K. Sankariah, Judge, Chief Court, Mysore; s. of Dewan Peishcar Sankariah of Cochin; b. 1869; B.A., (Madras) 1889; B.L., 1892; M.C.S., 1892; won Carmichael and Queen’s Prizes for 1892 (Madras University); Served in the Madras Board of Revenue; Prob. Assistant Commissioner, Mysore, 1892-1896; Assistant Secretary, to Government, General and Rev. Depts, 1876; Dy-Secretary, 1900-3; Offg. District and Sessions Judge, Bangalore 1904-5; Secretary to Government, General and Revenue Departments, 1906; Offg. Judge, Chief Court, Mysore, 1907; Secretary to Government, General and Revenue Departments, 1909; Offg. Judge, Chief Court, 1910; confirmed 1912. Address: Chamarajpet, Bangalore City.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Chamier, Major Genl. Francis Edward Archibald

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​Chamier, Major Genl. Francis Edward Archibald, C.B. (1907), C.I.E. (1902); s. of late Henry Chamier; b, 1833; educ, at Cheltenham; joined the Bengal Infantry, 1850; Adjutant, Calcutta Volunteers, 1857; Persian Interpreter to Sir James Outram in the capture of Lucknow; commanded the Raja of Kapurthala’s troops in the Oudh Campaign, 1858; Major General, 1890; Sometime Hon. Sec, to Strangers’ Home for Asiatics. Address: 55, Warwick Road, S.W. Club: East India United Service.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Chandavarkar, Sir Narayan Ganesh

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​Chandavarkar, Sir Narayan Ganesh. Kt. (1910) B.A., L.L.B.. retired Judge, Bombay; s. of Ganesh Narayani Chandavarkar, a pleader at Sirsi in the District of Kanara; b. 1855; educ, St. Mary’s High School, Bombay, and Elphinstone High School and College, Bombay; (B.A., 1877, History and Political Economy Prizeman, Junior Dakshina Fellow); Pleader, Bombay High Court, 1881; the same year he passed the LL.B. Examination in 1st Class and won the Arnold Scholarship; Editor, “Indu Prakash”, for over ten years; went over to England as an Indian Delegate, 1885; Additional Member, Bombay Legislative Council, 1897 1900; Presdt., Indian National Congress, 1900; Fellow, Bombay University, since 1886; a Syndic, since 1901; Member, Indian University Commission, 1902; Acting Judge, Bombay High Court, 1901; Confirmed, the same year; Vice-Chancellor, Bombay University 1909; President, Bombay Provincial Conference, 1902: retired from British service., 1913; Dewan, Indore State, 1914; resigned, October 1914; President, Theistic Church Bombay; President, Bombay branch of the Royal Asiatic Society; General Secretary, National Social Conference; ​Vice-President, Bombay branch of the Countess of Dufferin’s Fund; President of the Depressed Classes Mission in Bombay. Address: Bombay, India.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Chandra, Hari Mohan, Rai Bahadur

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​Chandra, Hari Mohan, Rai Bahadur (1908); holds the gold K.I.H. Medal; b. 1846; educ. at Dinajpur Zilla School and Decca College; entered Service in Bengal and was for 22 years Personal Assistant to the Commissioner of the Rajsbahi Division; rendered valuable service in the famine of 1874 in the Dinajpur district; helped materially in the founding of Low’s Jubilee Sanitarium at Darjeeling, 1887; retired, 1902; owns four tea gardens; Publications; Chaukidari and Pauchayat Guide. Address: Darjeeling, Bengal.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Chandar Shekar, Raja of Sissaindi

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​Chandar Shekar, Raja of Sissaindi; b. 1860; succeeded to title, 1873; belongs to a very high family of Brahmins, being a Tiwari Daman of Misrakhera. The founder of the family was Lai Mohan, chakladar of Baiswara, in 1883. His grandson Kashi Prasad acquired Sissaindi by right of inheritance and he became chakladar of Purwa in 1853. He remained loyal to the British in the Mutiny of 1857 and was specially mentioned in Lord Canning’s Proclamation of 1858 as one of the six loyal Taluqdars. He received a khilat of Rs. 2000 and the confiscated estate of Dadaka, in Unao. He was also granted a remission of ten per cent on the revenue. He was succeeded by his adopted son, the present holder. The estate comprises 28 villages and five pattis in Lucknow, 22 villages and 4 pattis in Unao, and one village in Rae Bareli. The title of Raja was recognised as hereditary inm 1877. Address: Sissaindi, Lucknow.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Chandra Chur Singh, Raja, of Atra Chandapura

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​Chandra Chur Singh, Raja, of Atra Chandapura; b. 1878; succeeded to title, 1904: Is the head of the younger branch of the Kanpuria family of Tiloi, and is descended from Madan Singh, of Simranta. Jagat Singh, sixth in descent from Madan Singh, is said to have received a Khilat from the then ruler of Delhi, for services rendered by him against the Bhars. His grandson, Mandhata Singh, obtained possession of Simranta, the name by which the estate of Atra Chandapur was then known. The Raja is an Honorary Magistrate of the 3rd class within the Maharajgani Police Circle and is also an Honorary Munsiff of the Simranta pargana. The estate comprises of 33 Mahals and 13 pattis in Rae Bareli. The title of Raja was confirmed by Government in 1864. Address: Chandapur, Rae Bareli, U.P. India.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Mackenzie, Sir John William Pitt Muir

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​Mackenzie, Sir John William Pitt Minor, K.C.S.I. (1909); C.I.E. (1906); b. 1854; entered I.C.S., 1874; formerly Under Secretary to Government of India in Revenue and Agricultural departments,: and Chief Secretary to Gevernment and Commissioner in Sind; Member of the Council of the Governor of Bombay. Address: Bombay, India.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Maclean, Frederick Gurr

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​Maclean, Frederick Garr, C.I.E. (1903); M.I.E.E.; b. 1848; s. of Moora; m. Robina Charlotte, d. of J. P. Godby; entered Telegraph Department, 1868; Director-General of Telegraphs in India, 1900-03; Superintendent of Field Telegraph in Afghan War; became Deputy Director General, and Director-General; retired, 1903. Address: Abbotsford, Maybury Common, Woking, Surrey.