OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Diary of the times of Charles II/Volume 1/Diary continued, February 8 to February 11

​February 8th.I dined with the Prince, and had some talk with him: he thinks our affairs in England will spoil all. He talked of going into Flanders. At night I had some discourse with Monsieur Schomberg. I find him mightily ​dissatisfied with France; he would willingly quit, if any thing could be done for him in this country.
9th.The Swedish President dined with me; he gives me to understand that he is much our friend, and is gone into Sweden about an Alliance. Monsieur Schomberg and I were in the Wood, talking of the same matter. Sir Gabriel Sylvius was talking with me about his journey; he will observe my directions. I told the Prince of Monsieur Schomberg's design; he seemed to approve well of it, but he says his father and Mr. Waldeck will never agree. We are to talk further of it.
10th.There was one Graham, who told me he knew the designs the King of France had upon England; that he distributed every year three millions; that he knows who it is given to; and if the King gives him orders, he will discover it. He hath been a Colonel in this country; his wife is Scotch. The Prince sent to speak with me about Sir Gabriel Sylvius and the French making an Alliance with the Princes of Brunswick. I writ to my Lord Sunderland, Mr. Godolphin, Lady Sunderland, and Sir William Temple.
11th.Monsieur Belmont, Sylvius, and Monsieur Rounswinkle, told me the French were to march out of Wesel to-day, and that they would not be ​hindered from going through the country of Meuse, In the afternoon, Monsieur Rookwood was with me; he told me of a conversation he had had with Monsieur D'Avaux, about three weeks ago; he told him he would be glad to be acquainted with Mr. Freeman, for he heard he was honeste homme, that he was a commonwealth man, and, saith he, we are very great friends to that party. He answered that he could speak no French, and therefore he would have little satisfaction in his company; he said he heard he was an able man, and that he had done the State some good service when the Parliament sate, and that he desired by all means to see him when he went next into England—this was told to Freeman. "Hang him," saith he. "I will have nothing to do with him."
# Diary of the times of Charles II/Volume 1/Diary continued, January 31 to February 5

​January 31st.I was with Monsieur Van Beuninghen. He told me that he had been with the French Ambassador; that his proposition is, that they should let his Master make war in Italy, and do every thing else he hath a mind to, provided that he engaged not to meddle with the Low Countries. He repents that he did not speak in time to him, and would give one of his fingers that he had not begun this business. He told me, that he had rather (though it was not fit to be said) the King of France should attack the Low Countries than Italy. Mr. Rockwood and Freeman dined with me: I find the last horribly unsatisfied with the King, a friend to the Prince, and ready to do him any service, a great enemy to the Duke. I was with Monsieur Belmont. He told me that I had done more good than all my predecessors before me.
February 1st.I dined with the Prince, who told me he was every day more and more for the alliance with Spain. He is glad that Fitzpatrick is going there. Monsieur Rounswinckle told me that Monsieur Staatman was to come, and would lie at Monsieur Campricht's. He saith that they have not accepted their bills for the contribution, that is, for the Duchy of Cleves, 200,000 crowns, and ​therefore they must give ready money, and then we shall see what the French would do.
2d.Monsieur Campricht and Monsieur Straatman came to see me. The last made me great compliments upon our success here; he tells me he is going to Ratisbon, that the French endeavour to destroy the Diet, and that Monsieur Rebenac is with the Elector of Brandenburgh for that purpose, who is already inclined to it. I was with the Prince in the evening, who told me that Groninguen had declared for the Alliance, and that it was only in compliment to him.
3d.I danced at Court, where the Prince came. Monsieur Le Rhingraye and Monsieur Schomberg saluted the Prince.
4th.I went to see them. At night I carried the Prince a letter from my Lord Sunderland; upon which he fell into discourse of affairs. He asked my opinion who he should send into England; we pitched upon Sir Gabriel Sylvius; he thinks Mr. Godolphin does go too fast, he thinks him quicker than Mr. Hide, and Sir William Temple far beyond them all. I told him how Monsieur Schomberg was afraid of coming to me, ​because of the French Ambassador; Mr. Rookwood was with me, and told me a very ridiculous story of him.
5th.Monsieur Le Rhingrave dined with me; he talked of Monsieur D'Avaux, and said he would give Madame an account of his proceedings. I told the Prince the story, and proposed Sir William Temple's going Ambassador into Spain. He told me Monsieur Heugh was come, and that he had good inclinations, that he had nothing to propose, but that he would hear any thing that was proposed to him. Monsieur Schomberg supt with me.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bell, William (1740?-1804?)

​BELL, WILLIAM (1740?–1804?), portrait painter, was born at Newcastle-upon-Tyne about the year 1740. He came to London about 1768 and entered as a student the schools of the Royal Academy, which had just then been founded, and in 1771 he carried off the gold medal for his picture of 'Venus entreating Vulcan to forge arms for her son Æneas.' Being patronised by Lord Delaval, he painted several full-length portraits of members of that nobleman's family, and in 1775 he exhibited at the Royal Academy two views of Seaton Delaval, his lordship's seat. Still he did not make any further progress, but returned to Newcastle, where he maintained himself by portrait painting until his death, which took place about 1804.
[Redgrave's Dictionary of Artists, 1878.]
R. E. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bell, Thomas (1785-1860)

​BELL, THOMAS (1785–1860), antiquary, was the son of Richard Bell, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, and was born at that town 16 Dec. 1785. For many years he followed the business of land valuer and surveyor. He was a diligent antiquary and the collector of an extensive library, which was dispersed at Newcastle after his death. Though he left no published writing, his library was enriched by his manuscript genealogical and antiquarian compilations, and he assisted most of the local topographical writers of his day in their undertakings. The Rev. John Hodgson was much aided by him in the 'History of Northumberland.' He was a promoter of the Newcastle Literary and Philosophical Society, and one of the founders of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle, and continued to take an active interest in both societies as long as he lived. He died in his native town 30 April 1860, aged 74.
[Gent. Mag. August 1860, p. 196; Sale Catalogue of the Bell Library, 1860; J. G. Bell's Descendants of John of Gaunt, 1855.]
C. W. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bell, William (1625-1683)

* related authors: William Bell (1625-1683).
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
1904 Errata appended.
​BELL, WILLIAM, D.D. (1625–1683), archdeacon of St. Albans, was born at London, in the parish of St. Dunstan-in-the-West, on 4 Feb. 1625. He was educated at Merchant Taylors' School, and elected a scholar of St. John's College, Oxford, in 1643. He graduated B.A. in July 1647, and obtained a fellowship in his college, of which he was subsequently a benefactor. Ejected from this post by the visitors appointed by parliament, he appears to have visited the Continent in 1649, and to have obtained a benefice in Norfolk in 1655, for which he was disqualified by the tryers. On the Restoration he was made chaplain to Sir John Robinson, lieutenant of ​the Tower, and in the following year was admitted to the degree of B.D. In 1662 he was presented by his college to the living of St. Sepulchre's, London, which he seems to have filled in a way that secured the respect and affection of his parishioners. Three years later, Dr. Henchman, bishop of London, made him prebendary of Reculversland in St. Paul's Cathedral. In 1667 he was made chaplain to the king, and in 1671 archdeacon of St. Albans. To these preferments was also added a lectureship at the Temple. He died 19 July 1683, aged 58, and was buried in St. Sepulchre's Church.
He published the following sermons: 1. 'City Security,' 1660. 2. 'Joshua's Resolution to serve God,' 1672. 3. 'Sermon at the Funeral of Mr. Anthony Hinton,' 1679. There is an 'Elegy on the Death of the reverend, learned, and pious William Bell, D.D.' amongst the Luttrell collection of broadsides, in which he is pronounced 'a mighty loyalist and truth's defendant.'
[Wood's Athenæ (Bliss), iv. 94, and Fasti, ii. 103, 254, 302; Kennett's Register and Chronicle, Ecclesiastical and Civil, 1728, p. 796; Newcourt's Repertorium Eccles. Paroch. 1708, i. 96, 205, 534; Le Neve's Fasti, ed. Hardy, 1854, ii. 431; Stowe's Survey, ed. Strype, 1720, iii. 243; Ackerman's Hist. of Univ. of Oxford, 1814, ii. 128.]
A. R. B.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.22 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 176 | i | 6-7 | Bell, William (1625-1683): for Three years later read In March 1665-6 |
| | | 8 | for Reculversland read Reculverland |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bellamy, Daniel (b.1687)

​BELLAMY, DANIEL, the elder (b. 1687), miscellaneous writer, son of Daniel Bellamy, scrivener of the city of London, was born in the parish of St. Martin's, Ironmonger's Lane, on 25 Dec. 1687. He entered Merchant Taylors' School on 12 March 1702, and matriculated as a commoner of St. John's College. Oxford, on 4 March 1706. In consequence of a reverse of fortune he was forced to leave Oxford without taking a degree in 1709, and became a conveyancer's clerk. He was the author of: 1. 'A Translation of the "Muscipula."' 2. 'Thoughts on the Trinity, translated from the French of Lord Morny du Plessis-Marly,' 1721. 3. 'Love Triumphant, or Rival Goddesses; a Pastoral Drama for Schools.' 4. Various dramatic pieces and moral essays, published together as the 'Young Lady's Miscellany,' 1723. 5. 'The Generous Mahometan;' a novel. 6. 'Moral Tales adapted from Fénelon,' 1729. 7. A Latin edition of the Fables of Phædrus, 1734. 8. 'The Christian Schoolmaster,' 1736. He also began a translation of Picart's 'Ceremonies.' In some other works he was associated with his son Daniel [q. v ]
[Robinson's Register of Merchant Taylors' School, ii. 7; Baker's Biographia Dramatica, I. i. 31; Rawlinson MSS., Bodleian Library.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bell, Thomas (1733-1802)

​BELL, THOMAS (1733–1802), divine, was born at Moffat on 24 Dec. 1733, and there attended the parish school. He was sent to the university of Edinburgh while still a mere youth. He completed his secular course and continued his theological at his university. But instead of seeking license from the national church he applied to the 'Presbytery of Relief,' recently founded by Thomas Gillespie. He was licensed in 1767, and in that year was settled as minister of the Relief congregation at Jedburgh as successor to the son of Thomas Boston, of Ettrick. He remained in Jedburgh for ten years, having made for himself a wide local reputation. In 1777 he was translated to a large congregation of the Relief church in Glasgow.
He found sufficient leisure to learn Dutch. The Dutch divines were then held in high repute in Scotland for their evangelical 'soundness in the faith.' The fruits of his new acquisition were seen in various faithful and readable translations from the Dutch. In 1780 he published 'The Standard of the Spirit lifted up against the Enemy coming in like a Flood.' In 1785 appeared his erudite and powerful treatise, 'A Proof of the True and Eternal Godhead of the Lord Jesus Christ.' The Dutch original of Allinga on the 'Satisfaction of Christ' (1790) is improved in his translation. He likewise translated from the Latin 'The Controversies stated in Great Britain under the Unhappy Names of Antinomians and Neonomians.' This was posthumously published, as well as 'A View of the Covenants of Works and Grace,' and 'Sermons on various Important Subjects' (1814). He was father of James Bell, the geographical writer [q. v.] He died at Glasgow on 15 Oct. 1802.
[Struthers's History of Relief Church and Annals of Glasgow; Memorials of Relief Church, Jedburgh; Church Records at Jedburgh and Glasgow.]
A. B. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bell, William (fl.1599)

​BELL, WILLIAM (fl. 1599), lawyer, was born in Hampshire, and educated at Warwick and Balliol College, Oxford, where he was elected to a fellowship, which, however, being a Roman catholic, he was unable to hold. Subsequently he turned his attention to the law, studying at Clement's Inn for two years. He then appears to have returned to his native county, where he came to hold the office of clerk of the peace. He is said to have died at Temple Broughton (perhaps the same as the place now known as Broughton) in that county. His son, a Franciscan of the order of friars minor and warden of the college of St. Bonaventura at Douay, published in 1632 an (octavo volume containing his fathers will, a statement of his theological opinions, and his pedigree.
[Tanner's Bibl. Brit.-Hib.]
J. M. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bellamy, Daniel (d.1788)

​BELLAMY, DANIEL, the younger (d. 1788), divine and miscellaneous writer, was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he took the degree of M.A. 'per literas regias' in 1759. His first work was the 'Christian Schoolmaster,' 1737, 16mo. He joined with his father (of the same name) in publishing a collection of 'Miscellanies in Prose and Verse;' the first volume appeared in 1739, and the second in 1740. This collection contained some dramatic pieces, written to be performed by school-girls at breaking-up-time. In 'Biographia Dramatica' these little chamber dramas are warmly praised. The other works of the younger Bellamy are: 1. 'Discourses on the Truth of the Christian Religion,' 1744. 2. 'A Paraphrase on Job,' 1748, 4to. 3. 'On Benevolence, a sermon (on Ps. cxii.), with a summary of the life and character of Dean Colet, preached before the gentlemen educated at St. Paul's School,' 1756, 4to. 4. 'The British Remembrancer, or Chronicles of the King of England,' 1757? 12mo. 5. 'Ode to her Royal Highness the Princess Dowager of Wales,' 1768? 4to. 6. 'The Family Preacher,' 1776, 8vo, discourses for every Sunday throughout the year, written in conjunction with James Carrington, William Webster, and others. Bellamy was minister of Kew and Petersham, and in 1749 was presented to the vicarage of St. Stephen's, near St. Albans. He died 15 Feb. 1788.
[Gent. Mag. lviii. 272; Baker's Biographia Dramatica, i. i. 31; Watt; Graduati Cantabrigienses; Brit. Mus. Cat.; Cooke's Preacher's Assistant, ii. 34; European Magazine, xiii. 144; Notes and Queries, 2nd ser. ii. 507.]
A. H. B.
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Verecundus

Verecundus (2), d. 552, bp. of the Civitas Juncensis in Byzacena. He was summoned to Constantinople in 549, touching the question of the "Three Chapters." He died at Chalcedon the year before the second council of Constantinople. In the controversy on the "Three Chapters" he seems to have acted until his death with Virgilius, defending the works in question, and joining with Virgilius in his censure on Theodore of Caesarea and Menas of Constantinople. He is probably the presbyter Verecundus who composed a commentary on the ecclesiastical canticles, comprehending the songs of Miriam, Moses (from Deut.), Azariah, Hezekiah, Habakkuk, and Deborah, the prayer of Manasseh, and the thanksgiving of Jonah. The commentary is
printed in vol. iv. of the Spicilegium Solesmense, with other works attributed to Verecendus. It shews some philosophical learning and historical knowledge, and some illustrations are drawn from his own experience. His manner of referring to the Vandal persecution in Africa and the unsettled state of affairs seems to fix its date before 534, when the persecution ended. The poems attributed to him, and also published in the Spicilegium, are (1) "Exhortatio Poenitendi," (2) "de Satisfactione Poenitentiae," (3) "Crisias."
The spirit of the first two poems is alike: both express a strong sense of the need of repentance and an earnest anticipation of the Judgment. The poems are hortatory rather than penitential. The third poem, concerning the signs of the Judgment, is probably not by the same hand. It has much more artificiality and much less earnestness.
A Breviarium Concilii Chalcedonensis, drawn up so as to favour the supporters of the "Three Chapters," is attributed to Verecundus. It is very possibly his, but may have been composed by a more extreme partisan and issued under his name by one who regarded him as a confessor and wished to obtain the influence of his reputation. Pitra prints this also in the Spicilegium.
[H.A.W.]
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Valens, Arian bp. of Mursa

Valens (4), Arian bp. of Mursa in Pannonia, and together with Ursacius the leading Western opponent of Athanasius. He must have been born c. 300, as we find him a most
influential bishop from a.d. 332 (cf. Socr. H. E. i. 27). The activity and influence of Valens was confined to the East. The West was always hostile to him, and frequently excommunicated him, the last occasion being at a council held at Rome in 369. He probably died some time prior to 375.
[G.T.S.]
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Valentinianus

Valentinianus (2) II., emperor, a.d. 375–392, son of Valentinian I. and of Justina, his second wife. For his secular life see D. of G. and R. Biogr. His name is celebrated in church history in connexion with two matters: (1) An attempt in 384 by the Roman Senate to restore the altar of Victory and the pagan rites connected with the Senate. We possess the document Relatio Symmachi Urbis Praefecti on the one side and the Epp. xvii. and xviii. of St. Ambrose to Valentinian on the other (cf. St. Ambr. opp. Migne, Patr. Lat. t. xvi. col. 962–982 ). St. Ambrose carried the day, and the senatorial petition was rejected, as again in 391 (see Tillem. Emp. v. 244, 300, 349). (2) The other matter concerned the necessity of baptism. Valentinian died at Vienne in Gaul, being then about 20, and only a catechumen. Being anxious to receive baptism, he sent for St. Ambrose to baptize him. Before the sacrament could be administered, he was found dead. St. Ambrose's treatise, de Obitu Valentiniani Consolatio, §§ 51–56, shews how Ambrose rose superior to any hard mechanical view of the sacraments and recognized the sincere will and desire as equivalent to the deed (cf. Tillem. Emp. v. 356; De Broglie, L’Eglise et l’Empire, pt. iii. cc. v. and viii.). At one time Valentinian was inclined to support the Arian party at Milan, influenced by his mother Justina, who was bitterly hostile to St. Ambrose. Sozomen (H. E. vii. 13), followed by Ceillier (v. 386), represents Valentinian and the empress as persecuting St. Ambrose and the Catholics of Milan in 386, referring to Cod. Theod. lib. xvi. tit. i. leg. 4. [Ambrosius; Justina.]
[G.T.S.]
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Valentinianus III

Valentinianus (3) III., emperor, 425–455, the son of Constantius III. by Galla Placidia, daughter of Theodosius the Great and consequently great-grandson of Valentinian I. For his civil history see D. of G. and R. Biogr. His reign was signalized by several laws bearing on church matters. At its very beginning (July 17, 425) there was issued at Aquileia in his name a decree (Cod. Theod. lib. xvi. tit. v. l. 62 ), expelling all heretics and schismatics from Rome. A special provision ordered the adherents of Eulalius, elected anti-pope in 419, to be removed to the 100th milestone from the city. This law has been illustrated at great length by Gothofred, t. vi. 204. Identical laws (tit. v. 11. 63, 64) were issued for the other cities of Italy and for Africa in 425, and also edicts (lib. xvi. tit. ii. ll. 46 and 47) renewing clerical privileges and reserving clerical offenders to the tribunal of the bishops alone, a rule which he abrogated later. In tit. vii. of the same bk. is a law against apostates dated Ravenna Apr. 7, 426, depriving them of all testamentary power. On the next day a law was enacted (tit. viii. l. 28) preventing Jews from disinheriting their children who became Christians. The most interesting portion of his ecclesiastical legislation is in his Novels embodied in Ritter's appendix to Gothofred's great work (Lip. 1743, t. vi. pt. ii. pp. 105–133). Thus tit. ii p. 106, a.d. 445, treats of the Manicheans and gives particulars as to the action of pope Leo the Great against them; tit. v. p. 111, a.d. 447, of the violations of sepulchres, with severe penalties against such crimes, of which the clergy themselves were frequently guilty. Tit. xii. p. 127, a.d. 452, his most celebrated law, is an anticipation of medieval legislation; it withdraws the clergy from the episcopal courts and subjects them to lay judges. Baronius (Annals, a.d. 451) heartily abuses Valentinian for this law, and considers Attila's invasion a direct and immediate expression of Heaven's anger.
[G.T.S.]
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Valerianus, martyr

Valerianus, martyr. [CAECILIA.]