OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Sutro, Adolph Heinrich Joseph

Edition of 1889.
​SUTRO, Adolph Heinrich Joseph, mining engineer, b. in Aix-la-Chapelle, Rhenish Prussia, 29 April, 1830. He was educated in his native place. His father was a cloth-manufacturer, and Adolph learned the details of the business and travelled for the factory, but the elder Sutro died before the son was old enough to continue the business, and the family, consisting of seven sons and four daughters, came to New York in 1850. During the voyage Adolph had learned of the gold fever in California, and, soon after establishing the family in Baltimore, he set out for the Pacific coast. Having studied mineralogy in the best polytechnic schools in Germany, he was much better prepared for mining operations than the majority who at that time were flocking to the gold-fields. He visited Nevada in 1860, and, after a careful inspection of the mining region there, he planned the now famous Sutro tunnel through the heart of the mountain where lay the Comstock lode. Having interested capitalists in the project, he obtained a charter from the Nevada legislature on 4 Feb., 1865, and the authorization of congress on 25 July, 1866. The mining companies agreed to pay a toll of $2 for each ton of ore, from the time when the tunnel should reach and benefit their mines. The work was begun on 19 Oct., 1869. It proceeded as rapidly as its character would permit, and before the close of 1871 four vertical shafts were opened along the line of the tunnel, one of which was 552 feet deep. The distance from the mouth of the tunnel to the Savage mine, where, at a depth of 1,650 feet from the surface, it formed the first connection with the Comstock lode, is 20,000 feet. Lateral tunnels connect it with the mines on either side of the main bore. In 1879 the great tunnel was finished, and its projector became a millionaire many times over. Some of the mines at the level of the tunnel were flooded with water to the depth of one hundred feet or more, and had long been abandoned; others were unworkable on account of the heat and noxious gases. The tunnel with its shafts effectually ventilated them, and within a few days they were rid of the accumulated water, which had a temperature in some mines of 160° Fahrenheit. Mr. Sutro has devoted a part of his fortune to the collection of a fine library and art gallery in San Francisco. In 1887 he presented that city with a copy of Frédéric A. Bartholdi's statue of “Liberty enlightening the World.”
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Sutter, John Augustus

Edition of 1889.
​SUTTER, John Augustus, pioneer, b. in Kandern, Baden, 15 Feb., 1803; d. in Washington, D. C., 17 June, 1880. He was of Swiss parentage, and his family name was originally Suter. He was graduated at the military college at Berne in 1823, entered the French service as an officer of the Swiss guard, and served in 1823-'4 through the Spanish campaign. In 1834 he emigrated to this country and settled in St. Louis. Afterward he carried on at Santa Fé a profitable trade with Indians and trappers, whose accounts of California induced him in 1838 to cross the Rocky mountains. He first went to Oregon, descended Columbia river to Fort Vancouver, and thence sailed to the Sandwich islands, where he purchased a vessel and went to Sitka, Alaska. After disposing of his cargo to advantage there, he sailed along the Pacific coast, and on 2 July, 1839, was stranded in the Bay of Yerba Buena (now San Francisco). Penetrating into the interior amid great difficulties, he founded in the same year the earliest white settlement on the site of Sacramento, received a considerable grant of land from the Mexican government, and in 1841 built a fort, calling it New Helvetia, which was afterward the first settlement that was reached by overland emigrants to California. The Mexican government appointed him governor of the northern frontier country, but, as he favored the annexation of California to the United States, the Mexicans regarded him with suspicion. When Capt. Charles Wilkes's exploring expedition reached San Francisco, Sutter gave him aid and information, and he extended a similar welcome to John C. Frémont and his party. When California was ceded to the United States in February, 1848, Sutter was the owner of a large tract of land, many thousands of cattle, and other property, but the discovery of gold on his estate near Coloma, El Dorado co., at the same time (see Marshall, James Wilson), proved his financial ruin. His laborers deserted him, his lands were overrun by gold-diggers, and the claim he had filed for thirty-three square leagues, which had been allowed by the commissioners, was decided against him on appeal to the supreme court. Despoiled of his property and reduced to want, he was granted by the California legislature a pension of $250 a month. In 1864 his homestead was burned, and in 1873 he removed to Litiz, Lancaster co., Pa. After California had been annexed to this country Sutter was elected first alcalde of his district, and a delegate to the convention to form a state constitution, and he was also an Indian commissioner. The illustration shows the mill on Sutter's property, near which gold was first discovered.
# Aviation Accident Report: National Airlines Flight 967/Supplementary Data

SUPPLEMENTAL DATA
Investigation and Hearing
The Board's Investigator-in-Charge at Miami, Florida, the regional office, was notified immediately when it was established that Flight 967 was missing. An investigation was immediately initiated in accordance with the provisions of Section 702(a)(2) of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958. A public hearing was ordered by the Board and held at the Empress Hotel, Miami Beach, Florida, on January 15 and 16, 1960.
Air Carrier
National Airlines, Inc., is a Florida corporation with its main office at Miami, Florida. The company operates as a scheduled air carrier under a currently effective certificate of public convenience and necessity issued by the Civil Aeronautics Board and an operating certificate issued by the Federal Aviation Agency. These certificates authorize the transportation by air of persons, property and mail between various points in the United States including Miami, Florida; Tampa, Florida; and New Orleans, Louisiana.
Flight Personnel
Captain Frank Eugene Todd, age 43, was employed by National Airlines in 1951. His total piloting time was 14,700 hours, of which 400 hours had been in DC-7 aircraft. He held all pertinent piloting certification issued by the FAA, was current on his physical examination; had had adequate rest before the subject flight and was also current on his line and instrument checks.
Copilot Dick Sheridan Beebee, age 34, was hired by National in February 1953, and was promoted to captain in January 1957. He had a total piloting time of 8,710 hours, of which 400 had been in DC-7 aircraft. Mr. Beebee held all requisite FAA piloting certification and ratings and was current on his physical examination and his instrument check.
Flight Engineer George Henry Clark, Jr., age 31, was employed by National as an apprentice mechanic in July 1944. In March 1951, he was promoted to mechanic and in December 1952, to flight engineer. His total flying time was 6,585 hours. Mr. Clark held all requisite FAA certifications and additionally held a commercial pilot's certificate.
Mr. Jack Atkinson of the FAA was listed as an additional crew member. His aeronautical qualifications and certifications will not be detailed as they are not germane to the accident.
Both stewardesses, Patricia Ann Hires and Donna Jean Osburn, had been satisfactorily schooled in their duties and in emergency procedures. Both had had adequate rest periods prior to the subject flight.
The Aircraft
The aircraft was a Douglas DC-7B owned by Delta Air Lines, Inc., and operated by National under an approved equipment interchange agreement. This aircraft was serial number 45355 and it had a total operational time of 6,578 hours. Records indicate that all maintenance had been satisfactory and was current. The engines were Wright Aeronautical Company's Model R-3350. Their maintenance had been current and all four had had time since overhaul well within the prescribed limit. Propellers were models 34E60-345 with 6921D-3 blades. All hub and blade maintenance had been satisfactory and was current.
# Aviation Accident Report: Northwest Airlines crash on 14 December 1940

CIVIL AERONAUTICS BOARD
WASHINGTON, D. C.
FOR RELEASE
Wing Settles to Ground Due to Defective Undercovering Latch
The Civil Aeronautics Board today reported upon the investigation of an accident which occurred on December 14, 1940, about 4:10 a.m. when a Northwest Airlines Douglas, NC 23608, received slight damage in an accident at the Municipal Airport, Bismarck, North Dakota, on December 14, 1940, about 4:10 a.m. Six passengers and the crew of three including Captain C. F. Bates and First Officer J. A. McKeown, both properly certificated and rated, were uninjured.
Prior to a scheduled departure, the aircraft was taxied into take-off position and, while the engines were being warmed and run up, the left landing gear retracted, allowing the left wing to settle. The left propeller and the left wing tip struck the ground with resultant minor damage.
It was subsequently determined that a locking latch in the left landing gear mechanism had become worn to such an extent that it failed to latch properly.
PROBABLE CAUSE: Defective landing gear latch.
CONTRIBUTING FACTOR: Inadequate maintenance inspection.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Aviation Accident Report: Northeast Airlines Flight 801/Supplemental Data

S U P P L E M E N T A LD A T A
Investigation and hearing
The New York office of the Civil Aeronautics Board was notified of this accident by the Civil Aeronautics Administration a few minutes after occurrence. An investigation was immediately initiated in accordance with the provisions of Section 70 (a)(2) of the Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938, as amended. A public hearing was order by the Board and was held at the Hotel Lexington, New York City, on February 26 and 27, 1952.
Air Carrier
Northeast Airlines, Inc., is a scheduled air carrier, incorporated in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, with its principal business office at Boston, Massachusetts. It operates under a currently effective certificate of public convenience and necessity issued by the Civil Aeronautics Board, and an air carrier operating certificate issued by the Civil Aeronautics Administration. These certificates authorize the company to transport by air persons and property over numerous routes within the continental limits of the United States, including that between Boston and. New York.
Flight Personnel
Captain A. V. R. Marsh, age 44, held a currently effective airline transport certificate with an appropriate rating for the subject aircraft. He had been employed continuously by Northeast Airlines since 1938. His total piloting time was 13,849 hours, of which 2,382 hours had been in Convairs, and he was a company captain and check pilots.
First Officer Austin E. Briggs, age 35, held a currently effective airline transport rating with appropriate-rating for the subject aircraft. He had been employed by the company as a pilot since 1942. His total piloting was about 5,100 hours, of which about 700 had been as copilot on Convairs.
​The stewardess was Carolyn M. Hull, who had been with the company for about one year. She had successfully completed the company's stewardess training course in emergency procedures.
The Aircraft
N 91238 was a Convair CV-240, manufactured by the Consolidated Vultee Aircraft Corporation in 1949. Its total operational time was 5,962 hours. The engines were Pratt & Whitney R-2800-CA-18, and the propellers Curtiss C6325-740-602.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Bennett v. Arkansas

Cite as: Bennett v. Arkansas, 485 U.S. 395 (1988) (per curiam).
Supreme Court of the United States
485 U.S. 395
BENNETT v. ARKANSAS
Certiorari to the Supreme Court of Arkansas
No. 86-6124. Argued: Mar. 2, 1988 --- Decided: Mar. 29, 1988
Relying on an Arkansas statute authorizing the State to seize a prisoner's property, including his Social Security benefits, in order to help defray the cost of maintaining its prison system, Arkansas filed suit in state court to attach petitioner's Social Security benefits. The trial court directed that a portion of petitioner's benefits be seized, rejecting his argument that the state law violates the Supremacy Clause of the Federal Constitution because it permits the State to attach funds that are exempt from legal process under 42 U.S.C. § 407(a). The Supreme Court of Arkansas affirmed, holding that there is no conflict between the state and federal statutes because § 407(a) contains an "implied exception to exemption from legal process" when a State provides for a Social Security recipient's care and maintenance.
Held: The Arkansas statute violates the Supremacy Clause. There is no "implied exception" to the express language of § 407(a) and its clear intent that Social Security benefits not be attachable, even though the State provides for all of petitioner's needs. The State is not a statutorily intended beneficiary of petitioner's Social Security benefits. Rose v. Rose, 481 U.S. 619, distinguished.
290 Ark. 47, 716 S.W.2d 755, reversed.
Thomas M. Carpenter, by appointment of the Court, 484 U.S. 921, argued the cause for petitioner. With him on the brief were Charles L. Carpenter and Charles L. Carpenter, Jr.
Richard J. Lazarus argued the cause for the United States as amicus curiae urging reversal. On the brief were Solicitor General Fried, Assistant Attorney General Willard, Deputy Solicitor General Merrill, Charles A. Rothfeld, John F. Cordes, and John P. Schnitker.
J. Steven Clark, Attorney General of Arkansas, argued the cause for respondent. With him on the brief was Clint Miller, Assistant Attorney General.

## Notes

* ↑ Michael John Mirra and Robert A. Stalker filed a brief for Lawrence McDowell as amicus curiae urging reversal.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Bennett v. Butterworth

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Bennett v. Butterworth."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Bennett v. Butterworth (49 U.S. 124)
* Bennett v. Butterworth (52 U.S. 669)
* Bennett v. Butterworth (53 U.S. 367)
# Benko v. Hartford Accident & Indemnity Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
378 U.S. 126
Benko v. Hartford Accident & Indemnity Company
Paul Benko, pro se.
Cornelius H. Doherty, for appellees.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Bennet v. Fowler/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
75 U.S. 445
Bennet v. Fowler
An objection has been taken by counsel for the defendants that the court erred in affirming the validity of the two patents, Nos. 1869, 1870.
It may be, that if the improvements set forth in both specifications had been incorporated into one patent, the patentee taking care to protect himself as to all his improvements by proper and several claims, it would have been sufficient. It is difficult, perhaps impossible, to lay down any general rule by which to determine when a given invention or improvements shall be embraced in one, two, or more patents. Some discretion must necessarily be left on this subject to the head of the Patent Office. It is often a nice and perplexing question. It is true, in the present case both patents relate to the lifting and depositing a load of hay in a mow of a barn, or in a rick or shed. But, in No. 1870, the lifter is somewhat differently constructed, so as to adapt it specially to the stacking of hay, which, doubtless, led the office to divide the improvements, and issue separate patents. The improvements were embraced in one, in the original patent.
The counsel also objects that the machines of the defendants do not infringe the complainant's patents, but, if he had intended to contest this point, he should have introduced proof to this effect. Proof of the infringements given, that the machines made and used by the defendants were substantially like the complainant's, was sufficient, if not rebutted. Models were also produced on the argument before the court, which confirm this proof.
DECREE AFFIRMED.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Benko v. Hartford Accident & Indemnity Company/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
378 U.S. 126
Benko v. Hartford Accident & Indemnity Company
The motion to dismiss is granted and the appeal is dismissed for want of jurisdiction. Treating the papers whereon the appeal was taken as a petition for a writ of certiorari, certiorari is denied.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Aunt Jane's Nieces and Uncle John

Book 6 in the Aunt Jane's Nieces series; by L. Frank Baum writing as Edith Van Dyne.
AUNT JANE'S NIECES AND UNCLE JOHN
By EDITH VAN DYNE
AUTHOR OF "AUNT JANE'S NIECES," "AUNT JANE'S
NIECES ABROAD," "AUNT JANE'S NIECES AT
MILLVILLE," "AUNT JANE'S NIECES
IN SOCIETY," ETC.
CHICAGO THE REILLY & BRITTON CO. PUBLISHERS
Copyright, 1911 BY The Reilly & Britton Co.

### CONTENTS

CHAP.
* Introducing "Mumbles"
* uncle John's Idea
* Myrtle Dean
* An Interesting Protégé
* A Wonder on Wheels
* Wampus Speeds
* The Chauffeur Improves
* Among The Indians
* Nature's Masterpiece
* A Coyote Serenade
* A Real Adventure at Last
* Captured
* The Fiddler
* The Escape
* The Romance of Dan'l
* The Lodging At Spotville
* Yellow Poppies
* The Silent Man
* "Three Times"
* On Point Loma
* A Tale Of Woe
* The Confession
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book VII/Hymn 90 (95)

90 (95) To destroy some one's virile power.
[An̄giras.—tṛcam. mantroktadevatyam. 1. gāyatri; 2. virāṭ purastādbṛhatī; 3. 3-av. 6-p. bhurig jagatī.]
Found also in Pāipp. xx. Used by Kāuç. (36. 35) in a women's rite, being directed against the lover of one's wife.
Translated: Henry, 37, 107; Griffith, i. 374 and 475.
1. Hew on, after ancient fashion, as it were the knot of a creeper; harm the force of the barbarian (dāsá).
This verse and the first half of the next are the first five pādas (a refrain being added as .sixth) of RV. viii. 40. 6, with no variant in this verse. The two parts of the hymn, as divided after 2 b, do not appear to belong together. The tradition makes the hymn directed against one's wife's paramour; and the comm. regards this first verse as an appeal to Agni. Ppp. reads at end jambhaya.
2. We, by Indra's aid, will share among us this collected good of his; I relax the vigor (? çibhrám) of thy member (?) by Varuṇa's vow (vratá).
In the first half-verse (see above), RV. reads bhajemahi. The translation of c is tentative only; çibhrám (our W. (çībhram) is possibly a corruption of çībham; for bhrajás (understood here as gen. of bhráj) compare iv. 4. 1. The comm. reads çubhram, and (doubtless merely on account of its apparent connection with root bhraj) explains bhrajas by dīptam (supplying retas). Ppp. reads (corruptly) mlāpayāvi bhrati çukra. The intrusion of vayám or of vásu in a turns the anuṣṭubh into a bad bṛhatī; but RV. has both.
3. That the member may go off, and may be impotent (? ánāvayas) toward women, of the depending, inciting (?), peg-like, in-thrusting one, what is stretched, that do thou unstretch; what is stretched up, that do thou stretch down.
The epithets in this verse are very obscure, and are rendered for the most part only at a venture. The comm. explains anāvayas as either 'not arriving' (from root vī = gam) or 'not enjoying' (from ā-vī = ad, i.e. bhakṣ 'enjoy'); knadī́vant (our text reads incorrectly klad-, with only one ms., Bp.$^2$, and the Petersburg Lexicon conjectures "perhaps 'wet,'" from a reminiscence of klid) he regards as from root krad, with substitution of n for r, and renders 'inviting' (āhvānavant); çān̄kurá he derives from çan̄kū; avastha is to him simply = (strīsamīpe) avatiṣṭhamāna, or (as for avaḥ-stha) striyā adhaḥpradeçe sambhogāya tiṣṭhataḥ. ⌊In a, b, Ppp. is quite defaced.⌋
Here ends the eighth anuvāka, of 9 hymns and 24 verses. The quoted Anukr. says aṣṭamāu nava, and caturviṅça. ⌊See p. 1045.⌋
# Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book VII/Hymn 95 (100)

95 (100) A spell against some one.
[Kapiñjala.—tṛcam. mantroktagṛdhradevatyam. ānuṣṭubham: 2, 3. bhurij.]
Not found in Pāipp. Used by Kāuç. (48. 40) in a witchcraft rite against enemies, with tying up a striped frog with two blue and red strings under the forelegs, putting it in hot water, and poking and squeezing it at each offering (pratyāhuti).
Translated: Ludwig, p. 517; Henry, 38, 109; Griffith, i. 375.
1. Up have flown his two dark-brown (çyāvá) quiverers (? vithurá), as two vultures to the sky—up-heater-and-forth-heater, up-heaters of his heart.
The comm. renders vithurāú by saṁtataṁ calanaçīlāu (also vyathanaçīlāu bhayavantāu), and understands by them (through the hymn) either the two lips or the breath and expiration of the enemy who is represented by the frog (maṇḍūkātmanā bhāvitasya)—which is very unsatisfactory. To the vultures he applies the epithet tārkṣyāu. Roth suggests, as intended in the second half-verse, the heat and passion of love, which are to be expelled from some woman's heart.
2. I have made them (dual) rise up, like (two) weary-sitting kine, like (two) growling dogs, like (two) lurking (? ud-av) wolves.
The comm. explains udavantāu by goyūthamadhye vatsān udgṛhya gacchantāu; Henry renders "that watch one another." ⌊He would reject úd in a.⌋
3. The (two) on-thrusters, down-thrusters, also together-thrusters: I shut up his urinator who bore [away] from here—[whether] woman [or] man.
Strī́m in d would be a welcome emendation: "of the man who bore away the woman from here"; but the analogy of i. 8. 1 c favors the text as given by the mss. The comm. supplies āsmākīnaṁ dhanam as object of jabhāra; or, alternatively, he takes the latter as = prahṛtavān asmān bādhitavān; meḍhra (mih + tra) he paraphrases with marmasthānopalakṣaṇam. His ignorance of the sense of the hymn is as great as that of Kāuç.—or as ours. SPP. retains the ḥ of itáḥ before strī́ in d, against his usual practice elsewhere, and with only a small minority of his mss.
# Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book VII/Hymn 93 (98)

93 (98). For Indra's aid.
[Bhṛgan̄giras.—āindram. gāyatram.]
Wanting in Pāipp. Not employed by Kāuç., except as by the comm. declared to be joined with 91 and 92 in 59. 7 (see under 91).
Translated: Henry, 38, 108; Griffith, i. 374.
1. With Indra, with fury may we overcome them that play the foe, smiting Vritras irresistibly.
The verse is found also in TS. iii. 5. 3$^2$ and MS. i. 3. 12. TS. reads sayújas for manyúnā, and sāsahyā́ma for abhí syāma; syāma for vayám, áva bādhe for abhi syāma, and ghnatā́ for ghnántas. Most of the saṁhitā-mss. give ṣyāma (our W.O., and two fifths of SPP's authorities, sy-), and both printed texts read it; but the Prāt. (ii. 107) expressly requires syāma, and that accordingly should be the accepted text. ⌊In c, rather, 'smiting adversaries'?⌋