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# Natural and Political Observations Made upon the Bills of Mortality (Graunt 1676)/Chapter 6

CHAP. VI.
Of the Sickliness, Healthfulness, and Fruitfulness of Seasons.
1. HAving spoken of Casualties, we come next to compare the Sickliness, Healthfulness, and Fruitfulness of the several Years and Seasons one with another. And first, having in the Chapters afore going mentioned the several years of Plague, we shall next present the several other sickly years; we meaning by a sickly Year such wherein the Burials exceed those, both of the precedent and subsequent years, and not above two hundred dying of the Plague, for such we call Plague-Years; and this we do, that the World may see, by what spaces and intervals we may hereafter expect such times again. Now, we may not call that a more sickly year, wherein more die, because such excess of Burials |55| may proceed from increase and access of People to the City only.
2. Such sickly years were 1618, 20, 23, 24, 1632, 33, 34, 1649, 52, 54, 56, 58, 61, as may be seen by the Tables.
3. In reference to this Observation we shall present another, namely, That the more sickly the years are, the less fecund or fruitful of Children also they be. Which will appear, if the number of Children born in the said sickly years be less than that of the years both next preceding and next following: all which, upon view of the Tables, will be ​found true, except in a very few Cases, where sometimes the precedent, and sometimes the subsequent years vary a little, but never both together. Moreover, for the confirmation of this Truth, we present you the year 1660, where the Burials were fewer than in either of the two next precedent years by 2000, and fewer than in the subsequent by above 4000: And withal, the number of Christenings in the said year 1660 was far greater than in any of the three years next afore-going.
4. As to this year 1660, although we would not be thought Superstitious, yet it is not to be neglected, that in the said year was the King's Restauration to His Empire over these three Nations, as if God Almighty had |56| caused the healthfulness and fruitfulness thereof to repair the Bloodshed and Calamities suffered in His absence. I say, this conceit doth abundantly counterpoise the Opinion of those who think great Plagues come in with King's Reigns,because it hapned so twice, viz. Anno 1603, and 1625; whereas as well the year 1648, wherein the present King commenced His Right to reign, as also the year 1660, wherein He commenced the exercise of the same, were both eminently healthful: which clears both Monarchy, and our present King's Family, from what seditious men have surmised against them.
5. The Diseases, which beside the Plague make years unhealthful in this City, are Spotted-Fevers, Small-Pox, Dysentery, called by some The Plague in the Guts, and the unhealthful Season is the Autumn. |57|
* ↑ According to the table on p. 408 the years 1623, 1624, 1633 and 1634 fail to satisfy Graunt's definition of sickly years.
* ↑ The outbreak of the Plague at times of coronation was perhaps in part due to the concourse of people to London.
# Natural and Political Observations Made upon the Bills of Mortality (Graunt 1676)/Chapter 10

CHAP. X.
Of the Inequality of Parishes.
1. BEfore we pass from hence, we shall offer to consideration the Inequality of Parishes in and about London, evident in the proportion of their respective Burials; for in the same year were Buried in Cripple-gate-Parish 1191, that but twelve died in Trinity-Minories, Saint Saviour's Southwark, and Botolph's Bishops-gate, being of the middle size, as burying five and 600 per Annum: so that Cripple-gate is an hundred times as big as the Minories, and 200 times as big as Saint John the Evangelist's, Mary-Coal-Church, Bennet's-Grace-Church, Matthew-Friday-|78|street, and some others within the City.
2. Hence may arise this Question, Wherefore should this Inequality be continued? If it be Answered, Because that Pastours of all sorts, and sizes of Abilities, may have Benefices, each man according to his merit: we Answer, That a two hundredth part of the best Parson's learning is scarce enough for a Sexton. But besides, there seems no reason of any difference at all, it being as much Science to save one single Soul, as one thousand.
3. We incline therefore to think the Parishes should be equal, or near, because, in the Reformed Religions, the principal use of Churches is to Preach in: now the bigness of such a Church ought to be no greater, than that unto which the voice of a Preacher of middling Lungs will easily extend; I say easily, because they speak an hour or more together.
4. The use of such large Churches, as Paul's, is now wholly lost, we having no need of saying perhaps fifty Masses all at one time; nor of making those grand Processions frequent in the Romish Church; nor is the shape of our Cathedral proper ​at all for our Preaching Auditories, but rather the Figure of an Amphi-Theater with Galleries, gradually over-look-|79|ing each other: for unto this Condition the Parish-Churches of London are driving apace, as appears by the many Galleries every day built in them.
5. Moreover, if Parishes were brought to the size of Coalman-street, Alhallows-Barking, Christ-Church, Black-Friers, &c. in each whereof die between 100 and 150 per Annum, then an hundred Parishes would be a fit and equal Division of this great charge, and all the Ministers (some whereof have now scarce fourty pounds per Annum) might obtain a subsistence.
6. And lastly, The Church-Wardens and Over-seers of the Poor might find it possible to discharge their Duties, whereas now in the greater Out-Parishes many of the poorer Parishioners through neglect do perish, and many vicious persons get liberty to live as they please, for want of some heedful Eye to overlook them. |80|
# Myths and Legends of British North America/The Woman in the Moon (Shuswap)

THE WOMAN IN THE MOON
Shuswap
MOON was a very handsome man. During the winter he traveled constantly, camping every night in a different place. He had a wife called Wala and many children. When they were traveling, Moon always went ahead and prepared a house for his wife and children. White men call his house a halo.
Wala was always loaded down. She carried large birch-bark baskets on her back, and a birch-bark snow shovel in her hands. Wala used the shovel to fill the baskets with snow, for melted snow was all the water they could get in winter time.
One morning Wala said to Moon, "Where are you going to camp tonight?" Moon did not answer. Wala said, "Where will you pitch camp tonight?" Still Moon did not answer. Thus Wala kept asking, "Where are you going to camp tonight?" until Moon said crossly, "Oh, camp on my face!"
And Wala did that. She jumped right on his face and stuck there. We know this is true because Wala may still be seen on Moon's face, holding her birch-bark baskets and her snow shovel.
# Myths and Legends of British North America/Turtle and the Thunder Bird (Ojibwa)

TURTLE AND THE THUNDER BIRD
Ojibwa
ONCE Turtle was living all alone in a lake. Several times he was hit by something. When he came out to see what it was, he could see nothing at all. One day he was struck again. He thought he would ask someone to help him. When he came out of the water, he went into the woods. He cried, "Who will help me? Who will help me?"
Deer ran out from among the shrubs and said, "I will help you."
"Come on," said Turtle, " let me see how you can fight." Deer started to fight a tree and broke his horns.
Turtle said, "Oh, you will not last long enough." He left Deer and again called out, "Who will help me?"
Bear came out and said, " I will help you."
Turtle said, " Let me see how you can fight."
Bear started to fight a tree, but he was so clumsy jumping around, that Turtle said, "Oh, you won't last long if you have to fight the giant I am after."
Turtle again began to call, "Who will help me?" ​He called this as he came to a little swamp, and he heard small voices saying, "We will."
"Come out and show me how you can fight," said Turtle. And behold! a crowd of little Turtles came out and began to fight him. Soon Turtle cried, "You're the very people I am looking for." So he led them to the lake where he lived and left them just outside. Then he went home. Soon a big stone fell down upon the little turtles and killed them all. When Turtle ran out to see what had happened, he saw a big bird overhead.
Turtle ran to his neighbor who had ducked into the water. He asked, "What bird was that?"
Muskrat answered, "That is the Thunder Bird and I am very much afraid of him."
Ever since that day Turtle has stayed in the water when there was a thunderstorm.
# Myths and Legends of British North America/War with the Sky People (Thompson River)

WAR WITH THE SKY PEOPLE
Thompson River
THE people of Sky Land stole Swan's wife. Swan at once called all the Earth People to a great council. They agreed to make war on the Sky People.
Now they gathered their bows and arrows. Swan was their chief. Each man began to fire his arrows at the sky. Every one came down. Every man tried to shoot an arrow into the Sky Land, until at last only Wren was left.
Then Wren shot an arrow. The people watched, but it did not come back to earth. They watched a long time. It had stuck in the sky. Wren fired another arrow. That did not come down. It had stuck in the notch of the first one. Wren fired many arrows. Not one came back, though all the birds and animals were watching carefully. They at last could see the chain of arrows, and Wren shot more arrows until the chain reached the earth.
Now all the Bird People and the Animal People climbed over the arrow chain and went up into Sky ​Land and fought the Sky People. Grizzlies lived there, and Black Bear and Elk. And the Sky People won the fight. The Earth People began to retreat in great haste. They came down over the arrow chain, but when about half the people had reached the ground, the chain broke. Those who could not get down had to go back to Sky Land. Some of them were made prisoners and some were killed.
There used to be many more birds and animals than there are now; so the Indians say. There are fewer now because of this war.
# Myths and Legends of British North America/When Glacier Married Chinook's Daughter (Lillooet)

WHEN GLACIER MARRIED CHINOOK'S DAUGHTER
Lillooet
NOW Glacier lived near the end of Lillooet Lake. This was a long while ago. Then he decided to marry. Glacier traveled southward until he reached the sea, and then he followed southward along the shore until he reached the house of Chinook Wind. Chinook Wind said, "Yes!" He allowed his daughter to marry Glacier. So Glacier took her home.
Glacier's wife was not comfortable. Soon she complained because it was so cold. She lighted a fire; but Glacier began to melt, so he put out the fire and threw the wood away. He said to his servants, "When my wife desires wood for a fire, always give her wet wood, and never dry." Chinook's daughter tried to burn the wet, green wood, but it gave out no heat. It smoked, also, so that she could not see.
After a long while Chinook's daughter had a chance to send word to her relatives. Her brother and many friends came at once to her in a canoe. When they ​neared Glacier's house, they changed to snowflakes and danced around and above it. Chinook's daughter saw them. She said, "The weather is milder. It is snowing. My brother has arrived."
Then Glacier made it colder. Much frost was on the trees and Chinook Wind was driven away. But he came back soon with more friends. They changed themselves to soft snowflakes and sleet. They danced around the house. Again Glacier made it colder, so that ice formed on the trees; but Chinook Wind came back as rain. He began to melt Glacier. Glacier could only fight him with hail. Then Chinook Wind came back again, warm and steady and strong. Glacier retreated up the mountain side, leaving his wife behind.
Chinook's daughter at once stepped into the canoe with her brother and his friends, and they paddled again down to Lillooet Lake. Then her brother turned around and said:
"Henceforth, in this country, it shall be cold and icy only for a few months each year. Then Chinook Wind will come and drive away the cold and melt the ice as we have done. The journey we have made this year shall be made every year."
And it became so. Then they went home.
# Myths and Legends of British North America/Tradition of Iroquois Falls (Eastern Cree)

TRADITION OF IROQUOIS FALLS
Eastern Cree
AT IROQUOIS FALLS, a war party of Iroquois attacked and killed a Cree party. They took the plunder of the camp, and saved one woman alive for a guide. They asked her if she could run a rapid, and she said, "Yes."
Now when the party came to a point above the Iroquois Falls, the woman guide told them it was possible to shoot the rapids there if the women and goods were taken out of the canoes to lighten them. The Iroquois let her out, as well, and she went by the portage. When the Iroquois saw her there, they put out from shore, though the waters were very swift. As they neared the falls, they saw how high they were. Then the Cree woman saw them try to escape, but they could not. The current of the water was too swift. So they headed their canoes for the falls and sang their war song. All went crashing over the falls and were drowned.
# Myths and Legends of British North America/Thunder, Lightning, and Rain (Central Eskimo)

THUNDER, LIGHTNING, AND RAIN
Central Eskimo
THREE sisters make the light, thunder, and rain. They live in a large house, the walls of which are supported by whale ribs. It stands in the far west, at a great distance from the sea.
Ingnirtung strikes the fire. She strikes two red flint stones together. Kadla makes thunder by rubbing seal-skins together and singing. The third sister makes the rain. They procure food by striking the reindeer. This roasts the flesh.
If an Eskimo should happen to enter their house, he must run away immediately, or Ingnirtung will strike him. Even the stones are so afraid of her that they jump down the hills whenever they see lightning or hear thunder.
The faces of the three sisters are black.
# Myths and Legends of British North America/Thunder (Wyandot)

THUNDER
Wyandot
HENQ was one of seven brothers. They all played together—oh, a long time ago—but Henq always made the others sorrowful. He was very strong. He smashed everything. If he laid his hand on a pole of the lodge, the lodge would fall to the ground.
At last his brothers said, "Henq is too strong. We are not safe." So they made a plan.
One day the brothers said, "We will go hunting." So they started off in their canoes to an island far away. They began to hunt. Henq and one of his brothers went up into the island. Then the others jumped into their canoes and paddled away. The brother said to Henq, "Go up farther into the woods and wait for me." And Henq did so. Then that brother got into his canoe and paddled away.
Henq waited a long while. He heard no one. Then he came down to the shore and saw his brothers far away in their canoes. He lifted his great voice and called to them. His voice was so strong and so loud it ​made the air shake. He said, "Will you take me back?" They said, "No."
So Henq stayed on the island. Sometimes he raises his voice to call to his brothers, and ask them how they are getting along. He always makes the air shake. Henq roams around the island, in the spring and summer; but in the winter he sleeps. When there is thunder in winter, the Wyandots say, "Henq is turning over. Something has broken into his sleep."
# Myths and Legends of British North America/War of the Four Tribes (Shuswap)

WAR OF THE FOUR TRIBES
Shuswap
ONCE in the ancient time, so the old men say, the Crees from the east, the Thompson River Indians from the south, and the Lillooet Indians from the west, made up their minds to attack the Shuswap of the north. They sent messengers with the war moccasin to each other, and then they met on the east bank of the Fraser River and there joined forces. There were several hundred men in all. Then they went forward to attack the Shuswaps.
Now when they were nearly opposite the mouth of Lone Cabin Creek, and still some distance from Canoe Creek, they were met by Coyote, who changed them all into pillars of clay. You may see them there today. The tall Crees are on the right, the shorter Thompsons in the center, and the short Lillooets on the left.
# Myths and Legends of British North America/When Chickadee Climbed a Tree (Shuswap)

WHEN CHICKADEE CLIMBED A TREE
Shuswap
ONCE Grizzly Bear told her grandson that if ever any of his arrows should catch in a tree, and beyond his reach, not to climb the tree. At first the boy did just as Grandmother said; but he lost many arrows. Now one day he shot his best arrow at a bird that was sitting in a tree. The bird flew away and the arrow stuck in a branch just beyond his reach. It was his very best arrow.
Then the boy forgot and climbed that tree to get the arrow. Just as he came near it, the tree suddenly grew and the arrow was far out of his reach. The boy climbed again, but just as he reached out his hand to take it, the tree shot up and again it was far out of his reach. This happened many times. So the boy kept on climbing.
Now as the boy looked down, he saw that the earth was far below him, and there were no branches at all on the tree trunk. He could not climb down, so he began to climb from branch to branch after his arrow, and the tree grew higher and higher until it broke ​through the floor of the Sky Land. Its lower branches were just level with the floor. And only then was the boy able to reach his arrow. Then he pulled it out, and climbed off the branch into the Sky Country.
Now the Sky Country was a great plain, covered lightly with snow. There were no signs of people. He said to himself, "There is no use in wandering aimlessly around in this way. I will set my arrow on end, and follow whichever way it falls."
Then he did so. He traveled the way the arrow fell and came to some chips which showed him that some people had been there felling a tree. Then he came to some fresher chips. Then he traveled on until he came to a lodge, with a mat door.
Then someone opened the door and he went in. Afterward he became the chickadee.
# Missouri Pacific Railroad Company 1/4% Secured Serial Bondholders Committee v. Thompson

United States Supreme Court
350 U.S. 959
Missouri Pacific Railroad Company 1/4% Secured Serial Bondholders Committee v. Thompson
Mr. William H. Biggs, for petitioner Missouri Pacific Railroad Company 5 1/4% Secured Serial Bondholders Committee.
Mr. Frederick M. Myers, for petitioners Huston and others.
Messrs. Russell L. Dearmont and Thos. T. Railey, for Thompson and others.
Messrs. Clair B. Hughes and Allan S. Kuller, for Manufacturers Trust Co.
Messrs. DeLancey C. Smith, Henry I. Stimson and Forrest P. Tralles, for Protective Committee for Secured Serial 5 1/4% Gold Bonds of Missouri Pacific Railroad Co. and others.
Messrs. David M. Potts and Abraham Wilson, for Empire Trust Co.
Mr. Douglas B. Steimle, for Bondholders Protective Committee for Missouri Pacific Railroad Company General Mortgage Bonds.
Messrs. William P. Palmer and James I. Wyer, for Bankers Trust Co.
Messrs. Robert H. McRoberts and Thomas S. McPheeters, Jr., for St. Louis Union Trust Co.
Mr. John M. MacGregor, for Protective Committee for Holders of Preferred Stock of Missouri Pacific Railroad Co.
Messrs. Harold C. McCollom and G. Carroll Stribling, for Irving Trust Co.
Messrs. Leonard D. Adkins and S. Mayner Wallace, for Savings Bank Trust Co.
Messrs. Hugh L. M. Cole and William G. Pettus, Jr., for City Bank Farmers Trust Co.
Messrs. Edward F. Colladay and Everett Paul Griffin, for Wright and others.
Messrs. Walter H. Brown, Jr., and Allan F. Conwill, for New York Trust Co.
Mr. Abraham K. Weber, for Rosenberger and others.
Messrs. Felix A. Fishman and Lyonel E. Zunz for Oscar Gruss & Son.
Messrs. Burton K. Wheeler, Edward K. Wheeler, and Eldon S. Olson, for Missouri Pacific Railroad Co.
Mr. Percival E. Jackson, for Jackson and others.
Mr. Emmet McCaffery, for Chemical Corn Exchange Bank.
Mr. John L. J. Hart, for Alleghany Corporation.
Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Missouri Pacific Company v. Western Crawford Road Improvement District

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
266 U.S. 187
Missouri Pacific Company v. Western Crawford Road Improvement District
Argued: Oct. 10, 1924. --- Decided: Nov 17, 1924
Messrs. Harry P. Warner and Thomas B. Pryor, both of Ft. Smith, Ark., and W. F. Evans and Edward J. White, both of St. Louis, Mo., for plaintiffs in error.
Mr. E. L. Matlock, of Van Buren, Ark., for defendant in error.
Mr. Justice BRANDEIS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Missouri Pacific Railroad Co. v. Porter (273 U.S. 341)

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
273 U.S. 341
Missouri Pacific Railroad Company v. Porter, et al.
Error to the Supreme Court of Arkansas
No. 107 Argued: Jan. 11, 1927. --- Decided: Feb 21, 1927

## Linked case(s)

168 Ark. 22
* Section 1(6) of the Act to Regulate Commerce, requiring carriers to establish and enforce just and reasonable regulations affecting "the issuance, form and substance" of bills of lading, applies to provisions in bills of lading affecting liability of railroads for loss of property received by them for transportation over an interstate inland route to a seaport for delivery to a foreign vessel for ocean carriage to a non-adjacent foreign country. P. 343.
* This is a general regulation by Congress broad enough to include stipulations in bills of lading exempting carriers from liability for loss of such shipments by fire, not due to the carriers' negligence. P. 345.
* A state law forbidding such stipulations is therefore as applied to such shipments invalid in view of the occupation of the field by Congress. P. 346.
168 Ark. 22, reversed.
ERROR to a judgment of the Supreme Court of Arkansas which affirmed a judgment against the railroad for loss of goods by fire, in favor of Porter and other shippers.
[p342] Messrs. Thos. T. Railey, Edward J. White, E. B. Kinsworthy, and Robert E. Wiley, for plaintiff in error, submitted.
Mr. J. C. Marshall for defendants in error, submitted.
MR. JUSTICE BUTLER delivered the opinion of the Court.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Missouri Pacific Railroad Company 1/4% Secured Serial Bondholders Committee v. Thompson/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
350 U.S. 959
Missouri Pacific Railroad Company 1/4% Secured Serial Bondholders Committee v. Thompson
Denied.
Mr. Justice HARLAN took no part in the consideration or decision of this application.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Missouri Pacific Railroad Co. v. Porter

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This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Missouri Pacific Railroad Co. v. Porter (168 Ark. 22)
* Missouri Pacific Railroad Co. v. Porter (273 U.S. 341)