# Songs of Exile/The Song of Chess

Translated by Nina Davis (now Mrs. Salomon), in "Songs of Exile" (pp. 127–131), issued by the Jewish Publication Society of America, Philadelphia, 1901. It previously appeared in the Jewish Chronicle on 22 June 1894, where it was her first published translation.
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THE SONG OF CHESS
The Song of Chess is attributed to Abraham Ibn Ezra (1093–1167), who worked, as philosopher, poet, and mathematician, in Italy, France, and England. About one hundred and fifty of his sacred poems are known.
Line 21, "foot-soldier" is the pawn.
Line 35, "Elephant" is the bishop.
Line 40, "Horse" is the knight.
Line 44, "Wind" is the rook.
Although this poem bears evidence that the moves in chess have not changed, there are one or two variations of another kind worth noticing. The Indian chessmen have an Elephant to represent the Castle, or Rook, but it is clear that the author of this poem followed the Arabic designation, as he makes the Bishop the Elephant, or פיל, which the Arabs called "Al fil" (see Encycl. Brit. vol. 5, p. 599). It is remarkable that the word Rook, from the Indian "Roch," a "war-chariot," is generally written by Hebrew writers רוק but the author of this poem employs the word רוח. He may have used the word "wind" metaphorically as a war-chariot.
The Song of Chess
I WILL sing a song of battle Planned in days long passed and over. Men of skill and science set it On a plain of eight divisions, And designed in squares all chequered. Two camps face each one the other, And the kings stand by for battle, And twixt these two is the fighting. Bent on war the face of each is, Ever moving or encamping, Yet no swords are drawn in warfare, For a war of thoughts their war is. They are known by signs and tokens Sealed and written on their bodies; And a man who sees them, thinketh, Edomites and Ethiopians ​Are these two that fight together. And the Ethiopian forces Overspread the field of battle, And the Edomites pursue them.
First in battle the foot-soldier Comes to fight upon the highway, Ever marching straight before him, But to capture moving sideways, Straying not from off his pathway, Neither do his steps go backwards; He may leap at the beginning Anywhere within three chequers. Should he take his steps in battle Far away unto the eighth row, Then a Queen to all appearance He becomes and fights as she does. And the Queen directs her moving As she will to any quarter. ​Backs the Elephant or advances, Stands aside as 'twere an ambush; As the Queen's way, so is his way, But o'er him she hath advantage, He stands only in the third rank. Swift the Horse is in the battle, Moving on a crooked pathway; Ways of his are ever crooked; Mid the Squares, three form his limit.
Straight the Wind moves o'er the war-path In the field across or lengthwise; Ways of crookedness he seeks not, But straight paths without perverseness. Turning every way the King goes, Giving aid unto his subjects; In his actions he is cautious, Whether fighting or encamping. If his foe come to dismay him, ​From his place he flees in terror, Or the Wind can give him refuge. Sometimes he must flee before him; Multitudes at times support him; And all slaughter each the other, Wasting with great wrath each other. Mighty men of both the sovereigns Slaughtered fall, with yet no bloodshed, Ethiopia sometimes triumphs, Edom flees away before her; Now victorious is Edom: Ethiopia and her sovereign Are defeated in the battle.
Should a King in the destruction Fall within the foeman's power, He is never granted mercy, Neither refuge nor deliv'rance, Nor a flight to refuge-city. ​Judged by foes, and lacking rescue, Though not slain he is checkmated. Hosts about him all are slaughtered, Giving life for his deliverance. Quenched and vanished is their glory, For they see their lord is smitten; Yet they fight again this battle, For in death is resurrection.