OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Executive Order 6145

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Signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt Thursday, May 25, 1933
From: President of the United States Franklin Delano Roosevelt To: The United States Congress Dated: 25 May, 1933 Presidential Executive Order 6145
Where as Sections 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, and 407 of the Act of June 30, 1932, as amended by Section 16 of the Act of March 3, 1933, and Section 1, Title III, Act of March 20, 1933, provide, among other things, that the President may, in order to reduce expenditures to the fullest extent consistent with the efficient operation of the Government, to increase the efficiency of the operations of the Government to the fullest extent practicable within the revenues, to group, coordinate, and consolidate executive and administrative agencies of the Government as nearly as may be, to reduce the number of such agencies by consolidating those having similar functions under a single head, to eliminate overlapping and duplication of effort, abolish the whole or any part of any executive agency and/or the functions thereof; Now, therefore, by virtue of the authority so vested in me, and after investigation as provided in said Act as amended having found and hereby declaring that the abolition of the Board of Indian Commissioners created by Section 2039, Revised Statutes (U.S.C., Title 25, Sec. 21), is necessary to accomplish the purposes above set forth, I hereby abolish the said Board and order that its affairs be wound up by the Secretary of the Interior and its records, property, and personnel be transferred and/or remain under the supervision of the Secretary of the Interior.
This order shall take effect upon the sixty-first calendar day after its transmission to Congress unless otherwise determined in accordance with the provisions of Section 407 of the Act cited above, as amended as aforesaid.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Executive Order 615

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Amends Executive Order 209, March 20, 1903. Superseded by Executive Order 643, June 5, 1907.
Signed by President Theodore Roosevelt Monday, April 15, 1907
Amendment to Civil Service Rule X.
Section 8, clause (a), of Rule X, is hereby amended to read as follows:
    "(a) He must have received absolute appointment and have actually served in the classified service at least six months next preceding the transfer; and if from one Executive Department to another at Washington, he must have served at least three years in the Department from which the transfer is proposed; if to or from the Interstate Commerce Commission, the Civil Service Commission, the Isthmian Canal Commission, the Government Printing Office, the Smithsonian Institution, or any other independent bureau, commission, or office at Washington, he must have served at least three years in the bureau, commission, office, or Department from which transfer is proposed; but when, in its judgment, the interests of the service so require the Civil Service Commission may waive the three year limitation in cases of transfers to or from such independent bureaus, offices, or commissions at Washington."
The White House, April 15, 1907.

## Notes
### See related

* Executive Order 474, June 30, 1906
* Executive Order 593, March 16, 1907
* Executive Order 606, April 1, 1907
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Franklin National Bank of Franklin Square v. New York/Dissent Reed

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Dissenting Opinion Reed
United States Supreme Court
347 U.S. 373
Franklin National Bank of Franklin Square v. New York
Argued: March 9, 10, 1954. --- Decided: April 5, 1954
Mr. Justice REED, dissenting.
I dissent. It should be noted that the New York statute, note 1 of the Court's opinion, limits the use of the words 'saving' or 'savings' in relation to their banking business to certain types of New York financial institutions. These are those that are mutual in character as distinguished from stockholder-owned. Such mutual institutions can and do pay larger returns on deposits in New York than the commercial stock-type banks, state or national, both of which are barred by the New York statute from using the word 'savings' 'in relation to banking or financial business.' The mutual banks have been successful in attracting a large proportion of savings deposits for over a century. They have a remarkable record for soundness in finance and profitable operation for the benefit of the depositors. The purpose of the New York law is to reserve the use of the word 'savings' to identify the mutual type of bank operation for the public, just as the federal banking laws reserve the name 'national' for a certain type of bank organized under federal law.
The Court's opinion permits the national banks to trade upon the good name of the savings banks to secure deposits of that type. Now they may advertise 'A Savings Bank' under their corporate name; their deposit slips may say 'Savings Account.' As no federal statute expressly authorizes the national banks to use the words 'saving' or 'savings' in their advertisements, I think they must conform to the New York law for the protection of the public from misunderstanding. I would not imply a federal privilege to use 'savings' in advertising from the fact that national banks may accept savings deposits. The cases cited by the Court in note 7 sustain that view. I know of no precedents that approve such a limitation on state power as the Court now announces.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Franklin National Bank of Franklin Square v. New York

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.

## Dissenting Opinion

    Reed
United States Supreme Court
347 U.S. 373
Franklin National Bank of Franklin Square v. New York
Argued: March 9, 10, 1954. --- Decided: April 5, 1954
Mr.
Samuel O. Clark, Jr., Washington, D.C., for appellant.
Mr. Daniel M. Cohen, New York City, for appellee.
Simon E. Sobeloff, Solicitor General, Washington, D.C., for the United States amicus curiae, by special leave of Court.
Opinion of the Court by Mr. Justice JACKSON, announced by Mr. Justice FRANKFURTER.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Final Report of the Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol/Chapter 4

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4
"JUST CALL IT CORRUPT AND LEAVE THE REST TO ME"
# Final Report of the Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol/Chapter 4/Section 4.13

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​4.13 JANUARY 2, 2021: ROSEN AND DONOGHUE CONFRONT CLARK AGAIN
On Saturday, January 2nd, Rosen and Donoghue attempted, once again, to persuade Clark to stand down. The two reiterated that Clark should stop meeting with the President. Donoghue reprimanded Clark, emphasizing that he was the boss and that Clark's ongoing contacts with the President were a violation of DOJ's White House contact policy. Clark acknowledged that he had been briefed by the ODNI, as he had requested, and "that there was nothing in that briefing that would have supported his earlier suspicion about foreign involvement." Nevertheless, Clark still wanted to send his letter to Georgia and other contested States alleging voter fraud.
During the conversation, Clark confirmed President Trump had offered him the position of Acting Attorney General. Clark told Rosen that he would decline the offer—if Rosen and Donoghue signed his dishonest letter to officials in Georgia. The two refused once again, making it clear "that there was no way we were going to sign that letter." Rosen reiterated his decision in an email on the night of January 2nd, writing: "I confirmed again today that I am not prepared to sign such a letter."
​That same day, President Trump attempted to coerce Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger into manufacturing enough votes to steal the election in that State. That call is discussed in Chapter 2 of this report. But one part of it deserves mention here. During that same call, President Trump brought up BJay Pak, whom President Trump had appointed as the U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of Georgia. President Trump referred to Pak as "your never-Trumper U.S. attorney there." The implication was that Pak was not doing enough to validate President Trump's fictitious claims of voter fraud. President Trump's mention of Pak proved to be ominous.
# Final Report of the Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol/Chapter 4/Section 4.11

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​4.11 ROSEN'S DECEMBER 30TH CALL WITH PRESIDENT TRUMP
Even after the December 29th meeting, President Trump and those working on his behalf still wanted DOJ leadership to file United States v. Pennsylvania. On December 30th, Acting Attorney General Rosen had a phone call with President Trump that included a discussion about the lawsuit. During the call, Rosen clearly explained to the President that DOJ could not file the lawsuit. Rosen said, "This doesn't work. There's multiple problems with it. And the Department of Justice is not going to be able to do it." According to Rosen, President Trump accepted what he said without argument. Yet President Trump and his allies continued pressuring the Department to file the lawsuit.
# Great Cove Realty Company v. Brenner

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
365 U.S. 769
Great Cove Realty Company v. Brenner
Arthur Karger, for appellants.
John P. Cohalan, Jr., for appellees.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Great Cove Realty Company v. Brenner/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
365 U.S. 769
Great Cove Realty Company v. Brenner
The motion to dismiss is granted and the appeal is dismissed. Treating the papers whereon the appeal was taken as a petition for writ of certiorari, certiorari is denied.
Mr. Justice BLACK and Mr. Justice DOUGLAS are of the opinion that probable jurisdiction should be noted.

## Notes

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# Flora of Kwangtung and Hongkong/Geology

​Geology.—The greater part of the surface of the coastal region consists of various igneous rocks, but chiefly of a kind of granite, which readily disintegrates under the action of the atmosphere. This granite is intermixed with harder and more resistant rock masses, which remain as gigantic boulders all over the granite mountains as the softer parts are washed away. In the interior and to a less extent on the coast, limestone formations, coal measures and tertiary sandstones occupy large areas. Alluvial deposits attain considerable dimensions only in the deltas of the East, West and North Rivers which coalesce to form the "Canton Delta" occupying approximately a triangle having three equal sides of about 100 miles each.
# Flora of Kwangtung and Hongkong/Means of Access

​Means of Access.—The coast of Kwangtung can be reached at several points by ocean-going European steamers and at frequent intervals between these by Chinese launches running along the coast from them. Well equipped river steamers also make regular trips through the province by way of the West River. Beyond these lines of communication access to the interior is provided to a limited extent by Chinese rapid-boats. By means of the latter the North and East Rivers and some of their tributaries as well as the Han can be ascended, and the vegetation within easy reach of them has been more or less explored by collectors. ​Beyond that, progress has to be made by the use of Chinese paths.
There are no roads, even between the largest cities. Chinese guides can conduct the traveller from town to town, but the paths are not commodious for the carriage of heavy baggage, being at intervals only a few inches wide and consisting of narrow stone steps on the mountain sides. It thus happens that though many able and enterprising botanists have resided in the province, none of them have been able to make any considerable collections beyond the neighbourhood of the water ways.
# Flora of Kwangtung and Hongkong/Extent of information

​Extent of information.—The relative amount of attention that each part of the province has received may be gathered from the following comparison between the numbers of records from each, which are quoted in the following pages. Out of each 100 records, 23, on an average, are found to refer to Hongkong (chiefly from Ford, Hance, Tutcher), 15 to the New Territory (Ford, Dunn, Tutcher), 11 to the Swatow hinterland (Dunn), 10 to the Lienchow River (Ford, B. C. Henry), five each to Canton (Hance, Sampson), Lofoushan (Ford chiefly), N. River (Sampson, Ford), W. River (Hance) and Macao (Vachell), four to Hoifung (Dunn's Chinese collector), and 12 to other parts.
# Flora of Kwangtung and Hongkong/Position and size of area

​Position and size of area.—Kwangtung is the southernmost province of China and occupies the whole of the southern coast line of the empire. Bounding it upon the north are the maritime province of Fokien and the inland ones of Kiangsi and Hunan, while Kwangsi lies immediately to the west. At its south-west corner it touches for a few miles the French Indo-Chinese colony of Tongking. Its length amounts to 600 miles lying nearly east and west, but it nowhere recedes more than 250 miles from the open sea. Its area, about 68,000 square miles, is rather less than that of Great Britain. Some 300 small islands lie off the coast, among which is Hongkong.
# Flora of Kwangtung and Hongkong/Sources of information regarding the flora

​Sources of information regarding the flora.—It may be said, in the first place, that no information of any kind has been or can be collected from Chinese sources, which could be usefully included in the kind of Flora expected by western readers. The foundation of this Flora is the Colonial Herbarium at Hongkong, to which reference has already been made. The Kwangtung material therein has practically all been collected by the European officers of the Botanical and Forestry Department and their Chinese assistants. Such records in the works enumerated below as were additional to the herbarium records have been included with them in the list. Special mention must be made of Forbes and Hemsley's "Enumeration" which has been utilised largely throughout. The Kwantung records in the herbaria of Kew and the British Museum are taken up usually on that authority alone, as no collections from the province of any importance have been added to them since the publication of the work.
There are, however, several large collections on the continent which remain to be searched for Kwangtung records. The herbarium, for instance, of the late Drake del Castillo contains many collections of Kwangtung plants. They, with the rest of his herbarium, were bequeathed to the Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, but owing to want of space at the Jardin des Plantes they still lie at his house in Paris, where they can be seen on application. The Paris Herbarium itself has not been consulted: it doubtless contains much material which would add to our knowledge, of the provincial flora.
The principal books from which information was derived were
       Bentham's Flora Hongkongensis.
       Forbes and Hemsley's Enum. Pl. China.
       Finet and Gagnepain's Flore de l'Asie Orientale.
       Miquel in Journ. de Bat. Néerl. i. (Krone's plants.)
       Journal of Botany.
       Hooker's Icones Plantarum.
       Kew Bulletin.
# Flora of Kwangtung and Hongkong/Plan of the flora

​Plan of the flora.—For the reasons given in the preface, the descriptive part of the Flora has been reduced to the smallest limits compatible with the object of enabling the collector to determine his plants. The following were deemed sufficient for this purpose. 1. A key to the Natural Orders. 2. A key to the genera of each Natural Order. 3. A key to the species of each genus, taken in the order of the Genera Plantarum. 4. An enumeration of the species. The latter comprises (a) the Latin name, following in practically all cases, the nomenclature of the Index Kewensis, (b) the most accessible good description known, (c) the habitat and localities, (d) the colour of the flower where necessary, (e) the month of flowering.
# Flora of Kwangtung and Hongkong/History of Botanical Exploration

​History of Botanical Exploration.—Meagre as is our knowledge of the flora of this province, it is probably more complete than is the case with any other part of China. To this result have contributed the unusual length of the sea coast, the navigability of several of the rivers, the long residence of Europeans at four of the principal centres and the fact that a well-equipped botanical station has been maintained by the British Government for many years at Hongkong, nearly in the centre of the coast line.
A concise account of the history of exploration up to nearly the end of last century may be found in Bretschneider's classical History of Botanical Discoveries in China. The collectors during that period, whose work has most abundantly contributed to our knowledge of the flora, are Hance, Ford, Sampson, Vachell, Krone and B. C. Henry. During the present century the work begun by Ford in founding the Herbarium of the Botanical and Forestry Department in Hongkong has been energetically continued by the officers of that Department, and several special expeditions have been organised and despatched by the Colonial Government under their care for the exploration of the less known parts of the province. Expeditions to Sanning, Hoifung and to the Swatow hinterland may specially be mentioned as filling up gaps in our knowledge, while the more thorough exploration of the colonial flora has given us a fairly accurate idea of the vegetation of a few hundred square miles of the district.
Much still remains to be done. A map has been prepared and will be found at the beginning of the book indicating the ground already more or less botanically explored; all the rest is practically untouched. Thus the whole of the area from south-west to west of Macao, representing roughly the westernmost third of the province, remains quite unexplored botanically save for a few small areas on the coast. It is probable that the vegetation of this portion contains a considerable number of species in common with the more completely tropical French possessions to the southward which are as yet absent from our records for the province.
The flora again of the region from north to east of Canton which represents another third of Kwangtung is totally unknown, except from a few collections made on mountains on its southern borders and along some of the small rivers near Canton. The northern portion probably contains the highest ground in the province and may confidently be expected to yield numerous new and interesting discoveries to the botanists who first have the time, means and enterprise at their disposal for its exploration. ​The months in which most species are in flower are April and May and most of the collections on which our knowledge of the flora is based were gathered in those months.
* ↑ See Dunn's The Hongkong Herbarium in Kew Bull., 1910, 188.
* ↑ See the departmental Annual Reports for the period.
# Flora of Kwangtung and Hongkong/Preface

PREFACE.
The first and, up till now, the only work by which plants from any part of the Celestial Empire could be identified was Bentham's Flora Hongkongensis published in 1861. This Flora dealt only with the small island of Hongkong on the S.E. coast of China and is now moreover out of date and difficult to obtain, so that it has become more and more desirable, with growing interest in the Chinese flora and with the desire among the Chinese themselves for a scientific knowledge of their own country, to publish without delay some sort of preliminary descriptive Flora of a larger area. Such a work will serve as a stimulus to local botanical enterprise and provide a foundation for the collection of materials for a more complete Flora. During our association in the control of the Botanical and Forestry Department at Hongkong we have fully realised this need and have had the matter kept fresh in our minds by constant enquiries for a work of this kind. We have therefore been induced to prepare the keys and other information set forth in the following pages and have deemed it wise to confine ourselves to Kwangtung and Hongkong and to cast the work on a simple scale which would not take too long to carry out nor be too bulky for convenient use.
We desire to record our thanks to Sir Henry Blake, Governor of Hongkong (1897–1903) and to subsequent Governors who have sanctioned successive measures for the increase of efficiency of the botanical service of the colony and for the exploration of neighbouring portions of the coast, hitherto botanically unknown, to Dr. C.G. Matthew, R.N., and to the late Mrs. Gibbs for their help with the detailed exploration of the Colony and to the Chinese botanical collectors and herbarium assistants for their labours for us in the field and office. Lastly we wish to express our appreciation of the courtesy of the Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in allowing the use of the Kew herbarium and library during the final stages of the work.
The Authors.
# Flora of Kwangtung and Hongkong/Climate

​Climate.—The province is more than half within the tropics and is characterised for the greater part of the year by hot damp weather, during which periods of strong sunshine alternate with downpours of warm torrential rain amounting to some 70 inches in all. The south-west monsoon, in which these conditions prevail, breaks upon the coast rather suddenly about April and continues to blow with more or less regularity for six or seven months, gradually failing in October or November, to give place to the winter monsoon from the opposite point of the compass. The long succession of rainstorms and the usually cloud-laden sky are then succeeded as a rule by several months of cool weather accompanied by clear pale blue skies and a complete absence of rain. The smaller streams gradually dry up and the grass hills assume their winter colouring of pale brown.
Though the winters are pleasantly cool, frosts are of very rare occurrence, except on the highest ground. Even there they are infrequent and of short duration.
The succession of extremes of wet and dry weather naturally exerts a profound influence on the vegetation, but quite as important in this respect are doubtless the periodical visits of typhoons to which the coastal regions are liable at all times, but especially during the late summer. These brief but extraordinarily violent storms play great havoc with all kinds of vegetation and their occurrence explains some of the peculiar characters of the flora of the coast of Kwangtung.
# Fourniquet v. Perkins (48 U.S. 160)

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* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
48 U.S. 160
Fourniquet v. Perkins

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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