OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Persia/Chapter 7

CHAPTER IV.
OF THE NATURE OF LANDED PROPERTY.
In Persia, there are, properly speaking, no freehold lands: they are held by leases for specific periods, subject to the payment of certain rents. In Chardin's time, these leases were for a term of ninety-nine years, and renewable at the expiration of that term: this system seems to have undergone little alteration.
At present, there are two grand divisions of land in Persia, the one called shahee, the other urbabee. The former is the royal domain, kalisseh; the latter is held by subjects. One eighth of the lands of Fars and Irak is probably possessed by the king, and the remainder is the property of the subject.
Those who cultivate land belonging to the king, pay a rent of half the produce, after making a deduction on account of seed. The king, however, supplies cattle for drawing water, and digs wells at his own expense.
The urbabee land is held in general by some person of consequence, who cultivates it for himself. He furnishes seed, and cattle to plough and draw water; and after deducting the quantity of seed advanced, he assigns a fifth part of the produce to the cultivators, and a tenth part is the tax paid to government. Should a labouring man cultivate his own land, he merely pays a tax to government, and appropriates the remainder to himself.
The proprietor, or more correctly speaking the tenant, cannot let the lands which he holds lie uncultivated; or if he does, he is still obliged to pay the same tax as if they were producing full crops: but as it is his interest, as well as that of the government, to derive the utmost profit from his land by judicious cultivation, this is a case which must rarely occur.
When lands are confiscated for any crime committed by the tenant, they then become zebti shah, or droits of the crown, and belong to the sovereign till he pleases to restore them to the family. The king, however, in general allots a portion of the produce of these lands to the children of the culprit.
As the greatest part of the land in Persia is watered by artificial means, its value, of course, depends on the abundance or scarcity of this necessary article. Land that is well watered sells for about twelve pounds sterling a jureeb, which nearly corresponds with our acre, and decreases in value to two pounds.
Land situated on the banks of a river pays no greater tax to government, than that which is watered by artificial means. If a person occupies a portion of waste land, which he brings into a state of cultivation, and which has no claimant, he enjoys an ​exemption from taxes for a certain period, and is at full liberty to bequeath it to his children, or to dispose of it in any manner he may think proper.
# Persian Letters

This work is a translation and has a separate copyright status to the applicable copyright protections of the original content.
Persian Letters (Lettres persanes) is a satirical work, by Charles de Secondat, baron de Montesquieu, recounting the experiences of two Persian noblemen, Usbek and Rica, who are traveling through France. Published in 1721. Warning: template has been deprecated.Translation by John Davidson, 1899.

## Table of contents

* Introduction by John Davidson
* Introduction
* Letter 1
* Letter 2
* Letter 3
* Letter 4
* Letter 5
* Letter 6
* Letter 7
* Letter 8
* Letter 9
* Letter 10
* Letter 11
* Letter 12
* Letter 13
* Letter 14
* Letter 15
* Letter 16
* Letter 17
* Letter 18
* Letter 19
* Letter 20
* Letter 21
* Letter 22
* Letter 23
* Letter 24
* Letter 25
* Letter 26
* Letter 27
* Letter 28
* Letter 29
* Letter 30
* Letter 31
* Letter 32
* Letter 33
* Letter 34
* Letter 35
* Letter 36
* Letter 37
* Letter 38
* Letter 39
* Letter 40
* Letter 41
* Letter 42
* Letter 43
* Letter 44
* Letter 45
* Letter 46
* Letter 47
* Letter 48
* Letter 49
* Letter 50
* Letter 51
* Letter 52
* Letter 53
* Letter 54
* Letter 55
* Letter 56
* Letter 57
* Letter 58
* Letter 59
* Letter 60
* Letter 61
* Letter 62
* Letter 63
* Letter 64
* Letter 65
* Letter 66
* Letter 67
* Letter 68
* Letter 69
* Letter 70
* Letter 71
* Letter 72
* Letter 73
* Letter 74
* Letter 75
* Letter 76
* Letter 77
* Letter 78
* Letter 79
* Letter 80
* Letter 81
* Letter 82
* Letter 83
* Letter 84
* Letter 85
* Letter 86
* Letter 87
* Letter 88
* Letter 89
* Letter 90
* Letter 91
* Letter 92
* Letter 93
* Letter 94
* Letter 95
* Letter 96
* Letter 97
* Letter 98
* Letter 99
* Letter 100
* Letter 101
* Letter 102
* Letter 103
* Letter 104
* Letter 105
* Letter 106
* Letter 107
* Letter 108
* Letter 109
* Letter 110
* Letter 111
* Letter 112
* Letter 113
* Letter 114
* Letter 115
* Letter 116
* Letter 117
* Letter 118
* Letter 119
* Letter 120
* Letter 121
* Letter 122
* Letter 123
* Letter 124
* Letter 125
* Letter 126
* Letter 127
* Letter 128
* Letter 129
* Letter 130
* Letter 131
* Letter 132
* Letter 133
* Letter 134
* Letter 135
* Letter 136
* Letter 137
* Letter 138
* Letter 139
* Letter 140
* Letter 141
* Letter 142
* Letter 143
* Letter 144
* Letter 145
* Letter 146
* Letter 147
* Letter 148
* Letter 149
* Letter 150
* Letter 151
* Letter 152
* Letter 153
* Letter 154
* Letter 155
* Letter 156
* Letter 157
* Letter 158
* Letter 159
* Letter 160
* Letter 161
* Footnotes
# Persian

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Persian."
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Persians, a play by Aeschylus. Multiple English translations exist.
* Persia, book by Frederic Shoberl
* Persian Letters by Montesquieu, translated by John Davidson
* Persian Literature, Comprising The Shah Nameh, The Rubaiyat, The Divan, and The Gulistan by Hakīm Abol-Qāsem Firdawsī Ṭūsī, translated by James Atkinson
# Poems (Denver)/Louise

LOUISE.
[It is said that the death-bed of Beethoven was attended only by a pupil of his own, a girl named Louise, who toiled for his support, he being in utter destitution. Like many a genius before him, he acquired more friends after death, when he needed them not, than during life.]
# Poems (Denver)/Lines

LINES
ADDRESSED TO AN OLD SOLDIER OF NAPOLEON, ON SEEING HIM WEEP WHILE LISTENING TO "BONAPARTE'S MARCH OF RETREAT."
# Poems (Denver)/Lochabar no more

"LOCHABAR NO MORE."
["The Scotch are celebrated for their attachment to their national airs. I have somewhere read an incident of a couple of Scotchmen, who being wrecked on the shores of South America, were compelled to remain there some length of time, owing to their not being able to obtain a passage home. When, at length, this difficulty was obviated, one of them, having become captivated by the people of the country and their indolent manner of living, determined on remaining. His companion made no effort to persuade him from this decision. Seating himself by his side, he began, in a low and plaintive tone, that most touching of all their native melodies, "Lochabar no more." As the song proceeded, the listener became evidently much affected, and by the time it was concluded, his face was bathed in tears. It was enough—he left the Eldorado of his dreams, and returned to lay his bones beside those of his kindred."]
# Poems (Griffith)/The Close of the Year

Not to be confused with Close of the Year, another poem in the same collection.
# Poems (Kennedy)/Clancy at Vimy Ridge

CLANCY AT VIMY RIDGE
(W. C. Clancy, a Texas lad who had enlisted with the Canadians, on learning that the United States had declared war on Germany tied a flag to his bayonet and charged up Vimy Ridge with his command. He fell, wounded, but not fatally.)
# Poems (Kennedy)/Culprits

CULPRITS
("During the first two and a half years of the war our loyal women gave 3,000,000 unfathered children to the state," said the kaiser.)
# Pocahontas

A poem
* Pocahontas, New York edition.
* Pocahontas, London edition.
# Plutus (Aristophanes)

* related portals: Ancient Greek drama.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Commons category, Wikidata item.
"Plutus" (Πλοῦτος Ploutos), or "Wealth", is a comedy by Aristophanes. First produced in 408 BCE, it was revised and performed again in c. 388 BCE. A political satire on contemporary Athens, it features the personified god of wealth Plutus. Warning: template has been deprecated. As with all ancient Greek dramas, the interpretation may vary, given the condition of available manuscripts, the current study of ancient Greek language, and changes in the English language. As a result, varying English translations exist.
English-language translations of Πλοῦτος include:
* Plutus, the God of Riches, translated by Henry Fielding and Wm. Young (1742)
* Plutus, translated by C. A. Wheelwright (1837)
* Plutus, translated by William James Hickie (1853)
* Plutus, translated by Leonard-Hampson Rudd (1867)
* The Plutus, translated by Benjamin Bickley Rogers (1907)
* Plutus, published by The Athenian Society (1912), anonymous translator presumed to be Oscar Wilde
* The Plutus of Aristophanes, translated into English verse, translated by William Rann Kennedy (1912)
This work is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago. Translations of this work may be copyrighted.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Plymouth Consolidated Gold Mining Company v. Amador & Sacramento Canal Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
118 U.S. 264
Plymouth Consolidated Gold Mining Company v. Amador & Sacramento Canal Company
SAME
v.
SAME. (In Error to the Circuit Court of the United States for the District of California.)
Filed May 10, 1886.
J. H. Boaet, for appellants, Plymouth Consolidated Gold Min. Co. and others. J. H. McKune, for appellee, Amador & S.C.anal Co.
WAITE, C. J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Plymouth Cordage Company v. Smith

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
194 U.S. 311
Plymouth Cordage Company v. Smith
Argued: April 5, 1904. --- Decided: May 16, 1904
This was a petition to the circuit court of appeals for the eighth circuit to superintend and revise, in matter of law, certain proceedings in bankruptcy had in the district court of Kingfisher county, Oklahoma, on which a question or proposition of law arose concerning which that court desired the instruction of this court, and accordingly granted a certificate setting forth: (1) Section 24 a, b, of the bankruptcy law [30 Stat. at L. 553, chap. 541, U.S.C.omp. Stat. 1901, p. 3431]; (2) the order of this court of May 11, 1891, assigning the territory of Oklahoma to the eighth judicial circuit, pursuant to § 15 of the judiciary act of March 3, 1891 [26 Stat. at L. 830, chap. 517, U.S.C.omp. Stat. 1901, p. 554]; (3) the filing of the petition to superintend and revise in matter of law the proceedings of the district court of Kingfisher county, Oklahoma, in the following particulars:
'(a) On March 23, 1903, a petition was pending in said court to adjudge J. A. Smith an involuntary bakrupt. The district court on that date permitted three creditors to withdraw from said petition.
'(b) On April 6, 1903, the district court of Kingfisher county, Oklahoma, sustained a motion to dismiss a petition in involuntary bankruptcy theretofore filed against J. A. Smith.
'(c) On April 6, 1903, the district court of Kingfisher county, Oklahoma, denied the prayer of certain creditors of J. A. Smith, asking leave to join in the petition in involuntary bankruptcy against J. A. Smith.
'(d) On April 14, 1903, the district court of Kingfisher county, Oklahoma, refused to permit certain creditors of J. A. Smith to file a motion asking the court to set aside the order of April 6, 1903, dismissing the petition in involuntary bankruptcy against J. A. Smith.'
(4) That petitioners prayed the court 'to set aside each and all of the foregoing orders so entered by the district court of Kingfisher county, Oklahoma.'
And propounding the following question or proposition of law:
'Does the United States circuit court of appeals for the eighth circuit have the jurisdiction to superintend and revise, in matter of law, the proceedings of the district court of Kingfisher county, Oklahoma, in bankruptcy?'
Messrs. E. C. Brandenburg, Edwin A. Krauthoff, Patrick S. Nagle, W. A. McCarteney, and Messrs. Brandenburg & Brandenburg and Karnes, New, & Kranuthoff for Plymouth Cordage Company et al.
No brief was filed for Smith et al.
Mr. Chief Justice Fuller delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Philadelphia Company v. Smith

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
250 U.S. 101
Philadelphia Company v. Smith
Argued: April 15, 1919. --- Decided: May 19, 1919
Messrs. Frederic D. McKenney and John Spalding Flannery, both of Washington, D. C., for petitioner.
Mr. T. Alan Goldsborough, of Denton, Md., for respondent.
Mr. Justice PITNEY delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Philadelphia Railway Company v. Di Donato

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
256 U.S. 327
Philadelphia Railway Company v. Di Donato
Argued: April 28, 1921. --- Decided: May 16, 1921
Mr. George Gowen Parry, of Philadelphia, Pa., for petitioner.
Mr. Francis H. Bohlen, of Philadelphia, Pa., for respondent.
Mr. Justice McKENNA delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Philadelphia Company v. Dipple

United States Supreme Court
312 U.S. 656
PHILADELPHIA CO. et al. v. DIPPLE et al.
Argued: Jan. 8, 9, 1941. --- Decided: Feb 3, 1941
Messrs. W. A. Seifert and Lee C. Beatty, both of Pittsburgh, Pa., for petitioner.
Miss Anne X. Alpern and Mr. A. E. Kountz, both of Pittsburgh, Pa., for respondents.
Mr. Justice ROBERTS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Philadelphia Company v. Stimson

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
223 U.S. 605
Philadelphia Company v. Stimson
Argued: November 16, 1911. --- Decided: March 4, 1912
[Argument of Counsel from pages 605-607 intentionally omitted]
Messrs. William L. Marbury, Morgan H. Beach, W. Graham Bowdoin, and Samuel McClay for appellant.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 607-611 intentionally omitted]
Assistant Attorney General Knaebel for appellee.
[Argument of Counsel from page 611 intentionally omitted]
[Argument of Counsel from pages 611-613 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice Hughes delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Phosphor/Preface

PREFACE.
One evening about three months ago—at a card party given, by a Bohemian acquaintance of mine—I met a man who interested me strangely. We seemed instinctively to take a fancy to each other, and, when we left, exchanged addresses—he promising to call at my hotel the following evening.
He did so, and we sat talking and smoking until past midnight.
Occasionally he would stop in the middle of a sentence and tail into a reverie, then would rouse himself with an effort and continue what he was saying. This is the only peculiarity I noticed about him.
During our conversation he casually mentioned that he was thirty years old. This I rather doubted, as he looked at least over forty. He did not seem at all well, and I told him he should take care of himself.
He laughed, and said that he had consumption, and that the pleasure he would lose by taking care of himself would hardly compensate for the extra few weeks he might live.
After this we visited each other constantly, until one day, calling on him, I was told he had left. At the end of a week I received a letter asking me to come and see him at Queenscliff; he added that he wished to see me particularly.
I went and found him very ill. He told me he did not expect to live more than a few days. I insisted on his obtaining medical advice.
To avoid an inquest he consented. The doctor confirmed his prognosis, adding that he might die at any moment.
He look it very quietly, and said he was not very sorry.
He died a week after my arrival; the day before, he gave me a packet of papers, with instructions to read them after he was dead.
He assured me what I would read in them was perfectly true and had occurred to himself. He also gave me permission to publish them if I cared to. He gave me his solicitors' address, and asked me to forward his will and a few other papers to them. He died on the 28th of July last. After his death I did as he had requested.
I read the papers be had given me, and determined to have them published. If they are true they are wonderful.
He showed me the lock of hair alluded to in the following pages, but would not give it me.
That was all he had to vouch for the truth of what he had written. On the other hand, he may have thought he passed through it all in the delirium caused by the snake-bite and earthquake combined. I will not make any comments, but leave it for all who read his story to decide. I copy it verbatim from his papers.
# Phosphor/Chapter 12

CHAPTER XII.
The next thing I was conscious of was a feeling of drowsy contentment.
Opening my eyes I saw I was in bed in a small room. The sound that had awakened me came from the next room, and was caused by several voices. From the conversation, I gathered they were telling someone about finding a man on the side of Monte Epomeo, and how, seeing he was not dead, they had brought him home.
​It suddenly dawned upon me that I was the subject under discussion.
Presently a man entered the room, by his dress evidently a shepherd. I asked where I was. He told me to "Keep quiet, as I was perfectly safe."
"How long have I been here?"
"Three weeks."
"What has been the matter?"
"Brain fever. The doctor will be here shortly, do not talk until he comes."
When the doctor came he told me I had had a very narrow escape.
The shepherds had found me, brought me here, and I had been insensible and delirious in turns for weeks; raving about being buried alive, large serpents, phosphorescent bodies, baboons, and caves.
I found this place was on the opposite side of Mount Epomeo from Casamicciola. There had been a great earthquake, only one house in the whole town of Casamicciola had been left standing.
Thousands of lives had been lost, how many was not yet known.
The doctor asked me how I came to have on my pyjamas. And when I told him how I had been buried alive, he smiled and left the room.
He returned soon, carrying a glass in his hand. I drank the contents, and, soon feeling drowsy, sank into a refreshing sleep.
​It was about a month after my return to consciousness before I was able to leave my kind nurses.
When I did so I went to Casamicciola.
I searched amongst the ruins of my house and found my bureau. Of course, all my money was gone, but in one of the drawers was the certificate of my death and burial.
My valet, not knowing where to send it, had evidently put it there.
I engaged a man, and together we searched for the vault.
But having a very faint idea of where it was, and the earthquake having torn the ground about, we were unable to find it.
He (the man) evidently looked upon me as a harmless lunatic.
I wrote to my bankers, and having received some money, made my kind nurses a substantial present, and soon after left the land of so many unpleasant memories.
Often I dream I am again in the caves, and wake, wet with perspiration, and with a prayer of thankfulness on my lips, to find it is only a dream.
There is little more to be told, I must have passed about twelve days in the cave, from the 15th to the 28th or 29th of July.
I have given a truthful and unembellished ​account of my horrible experience; whether it is believed or not, as I said at the beginning, is a matter of complete indifference to me. I write this in London, and, in a few days, leave for Australia. I have inherited consumption from my mother, and the doctors only give me a few years to live. There I mean to pass as far away as possible from the scenes of my misery.
There is only one proof I can give of having passed through these experiences, and that is—"When the shepherds found me, in my hand I held a long lock of bluish-white hair."
Finis.
# Poems of Patriotism/The Discovery of a Soul

The Discovery of a Soul
The proof of a man is the danger test, That shows him up at his worst or best.
He didn’t seem to care for work, he wasn’t much at school. His speech was slow and commonplace—you wouldn’t call him fool, And yet until the war broke out you’d calmly pass him by, For nothing in his makeup or his way would catch your eye. He seemed indifferent to the world, the kind that doesn’t care— That’s satisfied with just enough to eat and drink and wear; That doesn’t laugh when others do or cry when others weep, But seems to walk the wakeful world half dormant and asleep; Then came the war, the soldiers marched and drums began to roll, And suddenly we realized his body held a soul.
We little dreamed how much he loved his country and her flag; About the glorious Stars and Stripes we’d never heard him brag. But he was first to volunteer, while brilliant men demurred, He took the oath of loyalty without a faltering word, And then we found that he could talk, for one remembered night, There came a preaching pacifist denouncing men who fight, And he got up in uniform and looked at him and said: “I wonder if you ever think about our soldiers dead. All that you are today you owe some soldier in his grave; If he had been afraid to fight, you still would be a slave.”
If he had died a year ago beneath a peaceful sky, Unjust our memory would have been; of him our tongues would lie.
We should have missed his splendid worth, we should have called him frail And listed him among the weak and sorry men who fail. But few regrets had marked his end; he would have passed unmourned— Perhaps by those who knew him best, indifferently scorned. But now he stands among us all, eyes bright and shoulders true, A strong defender of the faith; a man with work to do; And if he dies, his name shall find its place on history’s scroll; The great chance has revealed to men the splendor of his soul.