OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VII/Lactantius/On the Workmanship of God, or the Formation of Man/Chap. XV

Chap. XV.—Of the Voice.
But what account can we give of the voice? Grammarians, indeed, and philosophers, define the voice to be air struck by the breath; from which words derive their name: which is plainly false. For the voice is not produced outside of the mouth, but within, and therefore that opinion is more probable, that the breath, being compressed, when it has struck against the obstacle presented by the throat, forces out the sound of the voice: as when we send down the breath into an open hemlock stalk, having applied it to the lips, and the breath, reverberating from the hollow of the stalk, and rolled back from the bottom, while it returns to that descending through meeting with itself, striving for an outlet, produces a sound; and the wind, rebounding by itself, is animated into vocal breath. Now, whether this is true, God, who is the designer, may see. For the voice appears to arise not from the mouth, but from the innermost breast. In fine, even when the mouth is closed, a sound such as is possible is emitted from the nostrils. Moreover, also, the voice is not affected by that greatest breath with which we gasp, but with a light and not compressed breath, as often as we wish. It has not therefore been comprehended in what manner it takes place, or what it is altogether. And do not imagine that I am now falling into the opinion of the Academy, for all things are not incomprehensible. For as it must be confessed that many things are unknown, since God has willed that they should exceed the understanding of man; so, however, it must be acknowledged that there are many which may both be perceived by the senses and comprehended by the reason. But we shall devote an entire treatise to the refutation of the philosophers. Let us therefore finish the course over which we are now running.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Verba: as though derived from “verbero,” to strike.
* ↑ Dum ad descendentem occursu suo redit. Others read, “Dum descendentem reddit.”
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VII/Lactantius/On the Workmanship of God, or the Formation of Man/Chap. XIII

Chap. XIII.—Of the Lower Members.
Poteram nunc ego ipsorum quoque genitalium membrorum mirificam rationem tibi exponere, nisi me pudor ab hujusmodi sermone revocaret: itaque a nobis indumento verecundiæ, quæ sunt pudenda velentur. Quod ad hanc rem attinet, queri satis est, homines impios ac profanos summum nefas admittere, qui divinum et admirabile Dei opus, ad propagandam successionem inexcogitabili ratione provisum et effectum, vel ad turpissimos quæ stus, vel ad obscœnæ libidinis pudenda opera convertunt, ut jam nihil aliud ex re sanctissima petant, quam inanem et sterilem voluptatem.
How is it with respect to the other parts of the body? Are they without order and beauty? The flesh rounded off into the nates, how adapted to the office of sitting! and this also more firm than in the other limbs, lest by the pressure of the bulk of the body it should give way to the bones. Also the length of the thighs drawn out, and strengthened by broader muscles, in order that it might more easily sustain the weight of the body; and as this is gradually contracted, it is bounded by the knees, the comely joints of which supply a bend which is most adapted for walking and sitting. Also the legs not drawn out in an equal manner, lest an unbecoming figure should deform the feet; but they are at once strengthened and adorned by well-turned calves gently standing out and gradually diminishing.
But in the soles of the feet there is the same plan as in the hands, but yet very different: for since these are, as it were, the foundations of the whole body, the admirable Artificer has not made them of a round appearance, lest man should be unable to stand, or should need other feet for standing, as is the case with quadrupeds; but He has formed them of a longer and more extended shape, that they might make the body firm by their flatness, from which circumstance their name was given to them. The toes are of the same number with the fingers, for the sake of appearance rather than utility; and on this account they are both joined together, and short, and put together by gradations; and that which is the greatest of these, since it was not befitting that it should be separated from the others, as in the hand, has been so arranged in order, that it appears to differ from the others in magnitude and the small space which intervenes. This beautiful union of them strengthens the pressure of the feet with no slight aid; for we cannot be excited to running, unless, our toes being pressed against the ground, and resting upon the soil, we take an impetus and a spring. I appear to have explained all things of which the plan is capable of being understood. I now come to those things which are either doubtful or obscure.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Genua determinant.
* ↑ Nodi.
* ↑ Teretes.
* ↑ Corporis. Other editions have “operis,” i.e., of the whole work.
* ↑ Planitie, hence “planta.”
* ↑ Germanitas, “a brotherhood, or close connection.”
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VII/Lactantius/On the Workmanship of God, or the Formation of Man/Chap. XIV

Chap. XIV.—Of the Unknown Purpose of Some of the Intestines.
It is evident that there are many things in the body, the force and purpose of which no one can perceive but He who made them. Can any one suppose that he is able to relate what is the advantage, and what the effect, of that slight transparent membrane by which the stomach is netted over and covered? What the twofold resemblance of the kidneys? which Varro says are so named because streams of foul moisture arise from these; which is far from being the case, because, rising on either side of the spine, they are united, and are separated from the intestines. What is the use of the spleen? What of the liver? Organs which appear as it were to be made up of disordered blood. What of the very bitter moisture of the gall? What of the heart? unless we shall happen to think that they ought to be believed, who think that the affection of anger is placed in the gall, that of fear in the heart, of joy in the spleen. But they will have it that the office of the liver is, by its embrace and heat, to digest the food in the stomach; some think that the desires of the amorous passions are contained in the liver.
First of all, the acuteness of the human sense is unable to perceive these things, because their offices lie concealed; nor, when laid open, do they show their uses. For, if it were so, perhaps the more gentle animals would either have no gall at all, or less than the wild beasts; the more timid ones would have more heart, the more lustful would have more liver, the more playful more spleen. As, therefore, we perceive that we hear with our ears, that we see with our eyes, that we smell with our nostrils; so assuredly we should perceive that we are angry with the gall, that we desire with the liver, that we rejoice with the spleen. Since, therefore, we do not at all perceive from what part those affections come, it is possible that they may come from another source, and that those organs may have a different effect to that which we suppose. We cannot prove, however, that they who discuss these things speak falsely. But I think that all things which relate to the motions of the mind and soul, are of so obscure and profound a nature, that it is beyond the power of man to see through them clearly. This, however, ought to be sure and undoubted, that so many objects and so many organs have one and the same office—to retain the soul in the body. But what office is particularly assigned to each, who can know, except the Designer, to whom alone His own work is known?

## Footnotes

* ↑ Concreta esse. [See p. 180, note 1, supra.]
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/rächen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/rächen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ rächen, vb., ‘to revenge, avenge,’ from MidHG. rëcken, OHG. rëhhan, older *wrëhhan, ‘to revenge, obtain satisfaction for some one’; corresponding to Goth. wrikan, ‘to persecute,’ gawrikan, ‘to avenge,’ AS. wrëcan, ‘to drive out, revenge, chastisise’ E. to wreak, to which wreak is akin, Du. wreken, ‘to revenge,’ and wraak, wrake, f., ‘revenge,’ OSax. wrekan, ‘to chastise.’ The Teut. root wrek (comp. also Rache, Recke, Wrak) with the prim. meaning ‘to pursue, or rather expel, especially with the idea of punishment,’ is derived from a pre-Teut. wreg, werg. It is usually compared with Lat. urgeo, ‘I oppress,’ Sans. root vṛj, ‘to turn away,’ Gr. εἴργω, ‘enemy,’ Lith. rárgas, ‘distress’ (vàrgti, ‘to be in want’), which imply an Aryan root werg, wreg.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/rösten

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/rösten | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ rösten (1.), see under Rost (1).
rosten (2.), vb., ‘to steep, water-rot flax or hemp,’ from MidHG. rœȥen, rœtzen, ‘to rot, cause to rot,’ implying a connection with rösten (1); allied to rôȥ, adj., ‘mellow, soft,’ rôȥȥen, ‘to rot,’ and OHG. rôȥȥên, ‘to rot.’ From a Teut. root raut, ‘to rot’; comp. Du. rot, ‘rotten, decayed,’ OSax. rôtôn, ‘to rot,’ AS. rotian, E. to rot, to ret (from AS. *reátian?), ‘to steep, water-rot,’ OIc. rotenn, ‘putrefied’; see rotten (2).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/rügen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/rügen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ rügen, vb., ‘to denounce, censure, reprove,’ from MidHG. rüegen, OHG. ruogen, ‘to accuse, charge with, blame,’ for an earlier wrogjan; comp. Goth. wrôhjan, OSax. wrôgjan, AS. wrêgan, ‘to accuse, charge with.’ Allied to ModHG. Rüge, ‘censure, blame, crime,’ MidHG. rüege, Goth. wrôhs, ‘accusation,’ OSax. wrôht, ‘strife,’ AS. wrôht, ‘accusation, strife, crime.’ The Goth. forms with h compared with the g in the other terms point to Aryan k, which was the cause of the grammatical change of h to g. An Aryan root wrôk, wrâk, has not yet been discovered.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/räuspern

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/räuspern | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ räuspern, vb., ‘to hawk, clear the throat,’ from the equiv. MidHG. riuspern (riustern). This verb, which is not recorded prior to MidHG., belongs to a root frequently occurring in Teut., rū̆k (Aryan ​rū̆g), ‘to belch, eructate,’ the k disappearing before the suffix sp, st; comp. AS. roccettan, ‘to belch,’ OHG. itarucchen, MidHG. itrücken, AS. edorcan (eodorcan), ‘to chew the cud.’ Comp. Lat. ê-rûgere, ‘to spit out,’ rûminare (for *rûgminare), ‘to chew the cud,’ and ructare, ‘to belch,’ Gr. ἐρεύγεν, ‘to spit out,’ ἐρυγή, f., ‘vomiting,’ OSlov. rygati sę ‘to belch,’ Lith. atrūgas, f. pl., ‘rising of the stomach.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/röcheln

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/röcheln | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ röcheln, vb., ‘to rattle,’ from MidHG. rücheln, rüheln, ‘to neigh, roar, rattle’; allied to OHG. rohôn, MidHG. rohen, ‘to grunt, roar’; comp. Du. rogchelen, ‘to spit out.’ The Teut. root ruh, ruhh, preserved in these words, has been connected with the Slav. root ryk (from rûk); comp. OSlov. rykati, ryknąti, ‘to roar’ (Lett. ŕūkt), to which has to be added perhaps the Gr.-Lat. root rug in rugire, ‘to roar,’ ὀρυγμός, ‘roaring.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/rösche

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/rösche | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ rösche, adj., ‘prompt, lively, alert, fresh,’ an UpG. word (Bav. and Swiss rœ̂š, ‘lively, precipitons, harsh’), from MidHG. rôsch, rœsche, OHG. rôsc, rôsci, ‘nimble, hasty, fresh’; cognate terms from which we may infer the prim. form (Goth. rausqa-?) are entirely wanting. The connection of the word with rasch is uncertain.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/rücken

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/rücken | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ rücken, vb., ‘to jerk,’ from MidHG. rücken, OHG. rucchen, ‘to push along’; Goth. *rukki, m., ‘jolt,’ and *rukkjan, ‘to jerk,’ are wanting; comp. OIc. rykkja, ‘to jerk,’ and rykkr, m., ‘jolt,’ AS. roccian, ‘to jerk,’ E. to rock.
rücken, vb.; see Ruck.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/rühren

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/rühren | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ rühren, vb., ‘to stir, move (the feelings); touch,’ from MidHG. ruërn, OHG. ruorern, ‘to put in motion, incite, stir up, bestir oneself, mix, touch’; comp. OSax. hrôrian, ‘to move, stir, Du. roeren, AS. hrêran (to which AS. hrêremûs, E. reremouse, is allied), OIc. hrœ́ra. We have probably to assume Goth. *hrôzjan, to which hrisjan, ‘to shake,’ and OIc. hress, ‘quick,’ are perhaps allied. See Ruhr. The Teut. root hrôs (Aryan krâs) has no cognate terms in the other groups.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/räudig

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/räudig | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ räudig, ‘scabby, mangy,’ from MidHG. riudec, OHG. riudig, older rûdîg, ‘scabiosus.’ Perhaps OHG. rû-da (from the Teut. root hrû) is connected with Lat. cruor, ‘gore,’ crû-dus, ‘bloody, raw,’ to which AS. hrûm, ‘soot,’ is probably akin.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/röhren

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/röhren | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ röhren, vb., ‘to bellow,’ from MidHG. rêren, OHG. rêrên, ‘to bleat, roar’; corresponding to AS. rârian, E. to roar.
# An investigation of the laws of thought/Errata

(Published Errata; is not listed in published Contents.)
Page  57, line 11 from bottom, for $\scriptstyle {y}$ read $\scriptstyle {z}$.
Page—  93, line—  5, for is read be.
Page— 119, line—  6, the letter $\scriptstyle {w}$ imperfect, like $\scriptstyle {v}$.
Page— 000,„ line— 10, for $\scriptstyle {{\bar {w}}{\bar {x}}}$ read $\scriptstyle {{\bar {w}}{\bar {z}}}$.
Page— 120, line—  1, last term, for $\scriptstyle {z}$ read $\scriptstyle {\bar {z}}$.
Page— 128, line—  4 from bottom, for $\scriptstyle {\bar {w}}$ read $\scriptstyle {\bar {x}}$.
Page— 000,„ line—  6 from bottom, for $\scriptstyle {x{\bar {w}}+x}$ read $\scriptstyle {x{\bar {w}}+{\bar {x}}w}$.
Page— 000,„ line—  8 from bottom, the letter $\scriptstyle {w}$ imperfect, like $\scriptstyle {v}$.
Page— 129, line—  2, for $\scriptstyle {x{\bar {y}}z}$ read $\scriptstyle {{\bar {x}}{\bar {y}}z}$.
Page— 221, line— 18, for $\scriptstyle {vy}$ read $\scriptstyle {{\bar {v}}y}$.
Page— 231, line— 10 from bottom, for $\scriptstyle {vz}$ read $\scriptstyle {v'z}$.
Page— 261, line—  2 from bottom, for $\scriptstyle {p,~q,~r}$, read $\scriptstyle {p',~q',~r'}$.
Page— 262, line— 22, for $\scriptstyle {p'}$ and $\scriptstyle {q'}$ read $\scriptstyle {p}$ and $\scriptstyle {q}$.
Page— 270, line—  6 from bottom, for $\scriptstyle {Xy}$ read $\scriptstyle {XY}$.
Page— 274, line— 11, for $\scriptstyle {t_{2}t_{2}}$ read $\scriptstyle {t_{1}t_{2}}$.
Page— 282, line— 10, dele (1) gives.
Page— 291, line—  1, for $\scriptstyle {y+{\bar {y}}{\bar {z}}}$ read $\scriptstyle {y+{\bar {y}}z}$.
Page— 297, line— 10 from bottom, prefix $\scriptstyle {=}$
Page— 308, line—  4, for limit read limits.
Page— 309, line—  7, for $\scriptstyle {sq(1-t)}$ read $\scriptstyle {sy(1-t)}$.
Page— 313, line— 13 from bottom, for $\scriptstyle {s_{1}=0}$ read $\scriptstyle {{\bar {s}}_{1}=0}$.
Page— 314, line—  9 from bottom, omit the comma.
Page— 315, line—  4 from bottom, for $\scriptstyle {{\bar {s}}_{1}s_{2}..s_{n}}$ read $\scriptstyle {{\bar {s}}_{1}{\bar {s}}_{2}..{\bar {s}}_{n}}$.
Page— 322, bottom line, read the second term as $\scriptstyle {{\bar {s}}{\bar {t}}x{\bar {y}}}$.
Page— 330, line  6, for $\scriptstyle {\nu '}$ read $\scriptstyle {n'}$.
Page— 331, line—  5 from bottom, for $\scriptstyle {p'm}$ read $\scriptstyle {h'm}$.
Page— 334, line— 16, supply the letter $\scriptstyle {s}$.
Page— 351, line— 10 from bottom, for $\scriptstyle {v_{1}}$ read $\scriptstyle {x_{1}}$.
Page— 364, line— 21, for 91° 4187 read 91°·4187.
Page— 373, line—  7, for $\scriptstyle {p=r}$ read $\scriptstyle {p-r}$.
Page— 000,„ line— 3, 5, and 6 from bottom, for $\scriptstyle {1}$ read $\scriptstyle {0^{m}}$.
Page— 385, line—  6, for $\scriptstyle {x_{m}}$ read $\scriptstyle {x_{n}}$.
Page— 386, line— 13, $\scriptstyle {w}$ imperfect, like $\scriptstyle {v}$.
Page— 388, line— 16, for $\scriptstyle {t_{m-1}}$ read $\scriptstyle {{\bar {t}}_{m-1}}$.
Page— 389, line—  7 from bottom, for $\scriptstyle {t_{1}..t_{m}}$ read $\scriptstyle {{\bar {t}}_{1}..{\bar {t}}_{m-1}}$.
Page— 391, line—  5, omit namely.
# An introduction to physiological and systematical botany/Works lately published by the same author

WORKS LATELY PUBLISHED BY THE SAME AUTHOR; Sold by Longman and Co. Patemoster-row; White, Fleet-street; and James Sowerby, No. 2, Mead-place, Lambeth.
1. Flora Britannica, Vol. 1, 2, and 3, 8vo. 1800, &c. Price ll. 6s. 6d. The concluding volume of this work will be published as speedily as possible.
2. Compendium Floræ Britannicæ, Pars 1, crown 8vo. 1800. Price 3s. The conclusion of this work will appear with that of the preceding.
3. Tracts relating to Natural History, with coloured plates, 8vo. 1798. Price 7s.
4. English Botany, with coloured plates, by Mr. Sowerby, 8vo. Vol. 1—25, &c. Published in 5s. numbers, 12 plates and descriptions in each. A very few volumes more will complete this work, which will then contain all the known plants of Great Britain and Ireland, Fungi excepted; the latter being published, in a separate work in folio, of 400 plates, by Mr. Sowerby.
5. Exotic Botany, with coloured Plates also by Mr. Sowerby. No. 1—23, at 2s. 6d. each in 8vo. or 5s. 4to. The 24th No. which is intended to be published in the present year, will finish the 2d volume. This has hitherto, from accidental circumstances, been delayed. It will depend on the encouragement of the public whether the work should be prosecuted or not, and Mr. Sowerby will thankfully receive any directions on the subject. The plan of this work, hitherto unique, is to give original coloured figures and descriptions of ​such exotic plants as are worthy of cultivation in the gardens of Britain, and which are not figured elsewhere, except, possibly, now and then in some rare or expensive foreign books. Its author will never therefore intentionally burthen the public with a fourth figure in addition to the three which sometimes appear of the same plant in our monthly writers. This he is the more desirous of attending to, as his work is not limited to plants already in cultivation in England, being occasionally enriched with drawings and specimens of totally new productions, from India more particularly, which may, when known, be procured from abroad.
6. A Sketch of a Tour on the Continent, in 3 Vols. 8vo. 2d edition, 1807. Price 1l. 4s.——With several other botanical works.
Speedily will be published, A TOUR TO LAPLAND, Translated from the original unpublished manuscript Itinerary of the celebrated Linnæus, By Dr. Smith, With above 60 wooden cuts from extemporaneous sketches of the illustrious author.
# An introduction to physiological and systematical botany/Works published by James Sowerby

WORKS published by JAMES SOWERBY.
1. British Mineralogy, in coloured figures with descriptions from the primitive crystals to their amorphous states, No. 1 to 45. Price 7l. 10s. to be continued in numbers published every two months, at 5s. each.
2. The British Miscellany, or coloured figures of new, rare, or little known animal subjects, many not before ascertained to be inhabitants of the British Isles, and chiefly in the possession of the author, 12 numbers, price 2l. 7s. 6d.
3. Crystallography, Part 1, with models 10s. 6d. without models 1s. intended to explain the nature of crystallization of different mineral substances. The first part being on coals, the second is intended to explain the formation of that curious combustible the diamond, or pure carbon.
4. English Fungi; or coloured figures of English fungi or mushrooms, 27 numbers, 10l. 3s. 6d.
5. A new edition of the Botanical Drawing-Book, with great additions, corrections, and improvements, price 10s. 6d. coloured, or 7s. 6d. uncoloured.
Shortly will be published,
6. A concise Prodromus of the British Minerals in Mr. Sowerby's Cabinet, as a sort of essay towards a new, natural, and easy arrangement, with references to his British Mineralogy.
7. Also an Essay, for a new, useful, and universal Chromatic Scale or List of Colours. It being a great desideratum, in the present state of our knowledge to find a means of universal agreement on this head, the author was induced to offer this as likely to answer that end.
Richard Taylor and Co. Printers, Shoe-lane,
# An old maid early eer I knew

* information about this edition.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
From Notebook, p. 100, reversed. See also: Songs and Ballads.

#### 1st reading:

2 O, I cannot, cannot find
 The undaunted courage of a Virgin Mind,
 For Early I in love was crost,
 Before my flower of love was lost.
1 An old maid early—e'er I knew
 Ought but the love that on me grew;
 And now I'm cover'd o'er & o'er
 And wish that I had been a Whore
________________________________________

#### 2nd reading:

An old maid early eer I knew
Ought but the love that on me grew
And now Im coverd oer & oer
And wish that I had been a Whore
O I cannot cannot find
The undaunted courage of a Virgin Mind
For Early I in love was crost
Before my flower of love was lost
________________________________________
* ↑ "Blake Complete Writings", ed. Geoffrey Keynes, pub. OUP 1966/85, p. 184.
* ↑ "The Complete Poetry & Prose of William Blake", ed. by David V. Erdman, Anchor Books, 1988, p. 465.
* ↑ An old maid early eer I knew N 100 rev The two stanzas were written in reverse order but then numbered 2, 1.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/McGill, James

Edition of 1900.
​McGILL, James, Canadian philanthropist, b. in Glasgow, Scotland, 6 Oct., 1744; d. in Montreal, Canada, 19 Dec., 1813. He received his early education in his native place, and came to Canada before the American Revolution. For some time after his arrival he engaged in the northwest fur-trade, but afterward settled in Montreal, and, in partnership with his brother, Andrew McGill, became one of the chief merchants in that town. He was for many years a member of the Lower Canadian parliament for West Montreal, and afterward a member of the legislative and executive councils. He was lieutenant-colonel and subsequently colonel of the Montreal city militia, and at the beginning of the war of 1812 became brigadier-general, and was prepared in that capacity to take the field. In addition to many other benefits that he conferred upon Montreal, he was mainly instrumental in founding the university that bears his name, and bequeathed to it property that was valued at £30,000 and £10,000 in cash. Owing to the growth of the city, the land has increased greatly in value, and, in consequence of this fact and other bequests and donations that have been received, it is now the most richly endowed university of the Dominion.