OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Moore, Francis (1558-1621)

​MOORE, Sir FRANCIS (1558–1621), law reporter, born in 1558, was son of Edward Moore of East Tildesley, near Wantage, Berkshire, by Elizabeth' Hall of Tilehurst in the same county (Burke, Extinct Baronetage, p. 365). After attending Reading grammar school he entered St. John's College, Oxford, as a commoner in 1574, but did not graduate (Foster, Alumni Oxon. 1500-1714, iii. 1022). He subsequently became a member of New Inn, and entered himself of the Middle Temple on 6 Aug. 1580, being chosen autumn reader in 1607. One of the ablest lawyers of his day, Moore was appointed counsel and under-steward to Oxford University, of which he was created M.A. on 30 Oct. 1612. At Michaelmas 1614 he became serjeant-at-law, and on 17 March 1616 was knighted at Theobalds. He was M.P. for Boroughbridge, Yorkshire, in 1588-9, and for Reading in 1597-8, 1601, 1604-11, and 1614. In parliament he was a frequent speaker, and is supposed to have drawn the well-known statute of Charitable Uses which was passed in 1601. The ​conveyance known as lease and release was his invention.
Moore died on 20 Nov. 1621, and was buried at Great Fawley, Berkshire, where he resided. By his marriage to Anne, daughter of William Twitty of Boreham, Essex, he had three sons and four daughters. His eldest surviving son, Henry, was created a baronet on 21 May 1627.
Moore's reports, 'Cases collect & report … per Sir F. Moore,' fol. London, 1663 (2nd edit, with portrait, 1688), extend from 1512 to 1621, and have always enjoyed a reputation for accuracy. They had the advantage of being edited by Sir Geoffrey Palmer [q. v.], a son-in-law of Moore, and commended in a 'prefatory certificate' by Sir Matthew Hale [q. v.], who married one of Moore's granddaughters. There is an abridgment of them in English by William Hughes (8vo, London, 1665). Four manuscripts of these reports are in the British Museum, being Harleian MS. 4585, Lansdowne MS. 1059, and Additional MSS. 25191-2.
Besides his reports, Moore was the author of readings made before the Temple on the statute of charitable uses, which were abridged by himself, and printed by George Duke in his commentary on that statute in 1676, and again by R. W. Bridgman in 1805.
There are two engravings of Moore, one by Faithorne, the other by 'F. V. W.;' neither possesses much interest.
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. (Bliss), ii. 304; Cal. State Papers, Dora. 1610-20; Wallace's Reporters, 3rd edit. p. 85; Granger's Biog. Hist. of Engl., 2nd edit. i. 392; Addit. MS. 28676a, f. 245 (portrait); Will in P. C. C. 98, Dale.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Moore, Francis (1657-1715?)

​MOORE, FRANCIS (1657–1715?), astrologer and almanac-maker, born at Bridgnorth, Shropshire, on 29 Jan. 1656-7, is said to have acted for some time as assistant to John Partridge (1644-1715) [q. v.] (Gent. Mag. 1785, pt. i. p. 268), and to have then lived at the north corner of Calcot's Alley in Lambeth High Street. On obtaining a license to practise physic, he established himself in 1698 at the sign of 'Dr. Lilly's Head,' in Crown Court, near Cupid's Bridge, Lambeth, in the threefold capacity of physician, astrologer, and schoolmaster. To promote the sale of some wonderful pills of his own compounding, he published in 1699 an almanac entitled ' Kalendarium Ecclesiasticum: … a new Two-fold Kalendar,' 12mo, London. In this compilation the prophecies are confined to the weather. By 6 July 1700 Moore had completed the first of his famous 'Vox Stellarum; being an Almanack for … 1701,' 12mo, London, 1701, of which the 'Astrological Observations' form a prominent feature. Moore dedicated it to Sir Edward Acton, recorder of and M.P. for Bridgnorth. The almanac has been published ever since as 'Old Moore's Almanac,' and even now has a large sale. Its success gave rise to many imitations. In 1702 Moore was living 'near the Old Barge House,' in the parish of Christ-church, Southwark, where he probably died between July 1714 and July 1715; at any rate he was not responsible for the 'Vox Stellarum' issued in 1716. His almanac was continued respectively by Tycho Wing and Henry Andrews [q. v.] Moore's portrait was engraved 'ad vivum' by John Drapentier. It represents Moore as a fat-faced man, in a wig and large neck-cloth, and is now very rare.
[Notes and Queries, 1st ser. vols. iii. iv., 2nd ser. vols. iii. viii., 5th ser. vols. ix. x. xi., 6th ser. vol. i., 7th ser. vol. iii.; Noble's Continuation of Granger's Biog. Hist, of Engl. i. 235-6; Knight's London, iii. 246 (with an imaginary portrait); Bromley's Cat. of Engraved Portraits; Allen's Hist, of Lambeth, pp. 343, 345 n.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Moore, David

​MOORE, DAVID (1807–1879), botanist, born at Dundee in 1807, was brought up as a gardener. In 1828 he migrated to Ireland and became assistant to Dr. James Townsend Mackay [q. v.] in the Dublin University botanic garden. He thenceforward spelt his name Moore instead of Muir, thinking that his Scottish origin might thus be less noticed in Dublin, where Moore is a common native surname. All his publications appear under this name, and his original designation is only known from his own verbal statement. He worked hard at botany, and in 1838 was appointed director of the botanic garden at Glasnevin, co. Dublin, a post which he held till his death. He kept the garden in a high state of efficiency and gave all the help in his power to students. He published numerous papers in the 'Phytologist' (1845, 1852, 1854, 1857), in the 'Natural History Review' (vols. vi. and vii.), in the 'Dublin University Zoological and Botanical Proceedings' (1863), in 'Leeman's Journal of Botany' (1864, 1865), in the 'Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy,' and in other scientific periodical publications. He worked chiefly at mosses and hepaticæ, and published in 1873 a ' Synopsis of Mosses,' and in 1876 a 'Report on Hepaticæ' (Proceedings of Royal Irish Academy). In 1866 he published, with Mr. Alexander Goodman More, an English botanist settled in Ireland, 'Contributions towards a Cybele Hibernica, being Outlines of the Geographical Distribution of Plants in Ireland,' a laborious work of great value, which was begun in 1836, when he thoroughly investigated in the field the flora of the counties of Derry and Antrim for the ordnance survey. His last work was a description of a new species of Isoetes, which he called after his friend More (Journal of Botany, 1878, p. 353). He died at Glasnevin 9 June 1879.
[Memoir in Journal of Botany, 1879; Ordnance Survey of the County of Londonderry, vol. i. 1837; information supplied in 1867 by Mr. A. G. More; personal knowledge.]
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Moore, Francis (fl.1744)

​MOORE, FRANCIS (fl. 1744), traveller, born in Worcester, was appointed in 1730 by the Royal African Company of England a writer at James Fort on James Island in the river Gambia. In January 1732 he was promoted to be factor at Joar in conjunction with William Roberts. He had much trouble with his colleague, who was a slave to drink and whose jealousy was extreme. Roberts finally betook himself to a town called Cower, about three miles away, along with all the servants of the factory, except the cook. He incited the natives to molest and threaten Moore, and was at length cashiered. Soon afterwards Moore went up five hundred miles inland, making careful observations and drawings. He left Africa in May 1735. In the ensuing October he was engaged by the trustees for establishing the colony of Georgia in America as storekeeper, and accompanied James Oglethorpe thither, staying there until July 1736. He made another voyage to Georgia in 1738, and remained until 1743, having witnessed the siege of Saint Augustine in 1740 and the Spanish invasion of Georgia in 1742.
Moore kept journals of his.travels and published:
* 'Travels into the Inland Parts of Africa, containing a description of the several nations for the space of six hundred miles up the river Gambia … to which is added Capt. Stibbs's Voyage up the Gambia in … 1723 … also extracts from … ​authors concerning the Niger Nile, or Gambia,' &c., with map and plates after drawings by the author, 2 pts. 8vo, London, 1738; 2nd edit, about 1740, a valuable work, included in 'A New General Collection of Voyages and Travels,' 1745 (vol. ii.), in J. J. Schwabe's 'Allgemeine Historie der Reisen,' 1747 (vol. iii.), and in 'The World Displayed,' 1774 (vol. xvii.)
* ' A Voyage to Georgia begun in … 2735, containing an account of the settling the town of Frederica … also a description of … Savannah,' 8vo, London, 1744. He would have published his journal of his second visit to Georgia had he received sufficient encouragement.
[Moore's Works; Stevenson's Hist. Sketch, p. 600, in vol. xviii. of Kerr's Collection of Voyages and Travels, 1824.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Moore, Charles (1815-1881)

​MOORE, CHARLES (1815–1881), geologist, the second son, but third child, of John Moore, by his wife Sophia (née Eames), was born at Ilminster, Somerset, on 8 June 1815. He attended the commercial school of that town from an early age till 1827, when he was removed to the free grammar school for one year. He then assisted his father in carrying on the business of printer and bookseller, and his uncle, Samuel Moore, who conducted a like business at Castle Cary.
About 1837 Moore appears to have first gone to Bath, where he was connected with Mr. Meyler, bookseller, in the Abbey churchyard, adjoining the Grand Pump Room. On the death of his father in 1844 he returned to Ilminster, and continued the business, with his eldest sister for a partner, till 1853, when he went back to Bath, and relinquishing business, devoted himself to his favourite ​pursuit, geology, and to municipal affairs. He was elected a councillor for the Syncombe and Widcombe ward on 1 Sept. 1868, and alderman on 11 Nov. 1874. He died at Bath on 8 Dec. 1881. His wife Eliza, whom he married in 1853, was only daughter of Mr. Deare of Widcombe.
Moore's attention was first directed to geology by the accidental discovery, when a boy, of a fossil fish in a nodule; from that time he became an ardent collector, and before his second removal to Bath had laid the foundation of the collection which, arranged by his own hands, now forms the 'Geological Museum' of the Bath Royal Literary and Scientific Institute. He was elected a fellow of the Geological Society in 1854. In 1864 he announced at the meeting of the British Association in Bath his important discovery of the existence in England of the Rhætic Beds, which had previously been overlooked. From these beds Moore obtained at the same time twenty-nine teeth of one of the oldest known mammals (Microlestes Moorei, Owen).
Moore was the author of some thirty papers on geological subjects contributed to the 'Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society,' the 'Geological Magazine,' the 'Reports of the British Association,' the 'Transactions of the Bath Royal Literary and Scientific Association,' &c.
[Charles Moore, by the Rev. H. H. Winwood, in Proc. Bath Nat. Hist. Soc. (1892) vii. 232-269; information kindly supplied by the same authority; Geol. Mag. 1882, p. 94.]
B. B. W.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Maitland, William (1693?-1757)

​MAITLAND, WILLIAM (1693?–1757), topographer, born at Brechin about 1693, was originally occupied as a hair merchant, and in that capacity travelled in Sweden, Denmark, and Germany. He appears to have acquired some wealth. At length, settling in London, he turned his attention to the study of antiquities, and produced several ponderous compilations, which were well received at the time, but are now of small repute. On 12 April 1733 he was elected F.R.S. (Thomson, Hist. Roy. Soc., App. vol. iv. p. xxxix), and on 13 March 1736 F.S.A., but resigned the fellowship of the latter society in December 1740 on his return to Scotland ([Gough,] Chron. List of Soc. Antiq. 1798, pp. 5, 7 He died at Montrose on 16 July if 57. According to Gough, he was 'self-conceited, credulous, knew little, and wrote worse' (British Topography, ii. 572). In 1739 he published 'The History of London, from its Foundation by the Romans to the present time. … With the several accounts of Westminster, Middlesex, Southwark, and other parts within the Bill of Mortality. The whole illustrated with a variety of fine cuts,' fol., London, 1739 (another edit., brought down to 1756, 2 vols. 1756, 3rd edit. 1700, 4th edit. 1769). An edition, considerably enlarged and continued to 1772, by the Rev. John Entick, appeared in two folio volumes in 1775. His next publication was 'The History of Edinburgh, from its Foundation to the present time … with the several accounts of the Parishes. . . within the Suburbs, the antient and present state of Leith, and … a great variety of cuts of the principal buildings, fol., Edinburgh, 1753. About 1750 Maitland proposed to write a general description of Scotland, and sent with that object a printed letter and a lengthy list of queries to every minister in the country. The return fell so very short of his expectation that he abandoned the design in disgust; but several years after he made a tour over the whole kingdom himself, the result of which appeared in the first volume of his 'History and Antiquities of Scotland from the earliest account to the Death of James I … 1437; and from that period to the Accession of James VI to the Crown of England, 1603, by another hand,' 2 vols, fol., London, 1757, a posthumous work. What few returns came to his hands are mentioned by Gough in his 'British Topography' under the respective shires. A letter from Maitland to Dr. Thomas Birch, dated 1754, is in the British Museum, Additional MS. 4313.
[Nichols's Lit. Anecd. ii. 89, v. 382; Anderson's Scottish Nation, iii. 83.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Maitland, Richard (1653-1695)

​MAITLAND, RICHARD, fourth Earl of Lauderdale (1653–1695), Jacobite, eldest son of Charles, third earl of Lauderdale [q. v.], and brother of John, fifth earl [q. v.], by Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of Richard Lauder of Halton, was born 20 June 1653. He was styled of Over-Gogar, before his father succeeded to the Lauderdale title, after which he was known as Lord Maitland. On 9 Oct. 1678 he was sworn a privy councillor, and appointed joint general of the mint with his father. In 1681 he was made lord justice general, but in 1684 he was deprived of that office, on account of suspected communications with his father-in-law, Argyll, who had escaped in 1681 to Holland, and in 1683 had had some connection with the Scottish part of the Rye House plot [see Campbell, Archibald, ninth Earl of Argyll]. It would appear, however, that Maitland had really no sympathy with the schemes of Argyll, for so steadfast was he in his support of the Stuart dynasty, that he declined to agree to the revolution settlement, and became an exile. According to Nathaniel Hooke, he was present at the battle of the Boyne, 1 July 1690, after which he and Hooke retired together to Limerick (Hooke, Correspondence, i. 438). Subsequently he went to the court of St. Germains. As, however, he disapproved of the extreme catholic policy of James, he lost the royal favour, and while his wife, who shared the strong protestant sympathies of the Argyll family, was ordered to England, not to return any more, he himself was forbidden to appear at James's court, and his pension was reduced to one hundred pistoles a year. He succeeded to the earldom of Lauderdale on the death of his father, 9 June 1691, but was outlawed by the court of justiciary 23 July 1694. After his exclusion from St. Germains, he retired to Paris, where he died in 1695. By his wife, Lady Agnes Campbell (1658–1734), second daughter of Archibald, earl of Argyll, who married after his death Charles, fifth earl of Moray, he left no issue.
Lauderdale was the author of a verse translation of ‘Virgil,’ published in two volumes in 1737. Dryden states that Lauderdale sent him over a copy from Paris, while he was working at his own translation, and that he consulted it as often as he doubted of the author's sense (Works, ed. Scott, xiv. 223–4). Lauderdale also wrote a ‘Memorial on the Estate of Scotland’ (about 1690), printed in Hooke's ‘Correspondence’ (i. 438–52), and in the index wrongly attributed to his father, Charles, third earl of Lauderdale.
[Hooke's Correspondence (Roxburghe Club); Dryden's Works; Douglas's Scottish Peerage (Wood), ii. 72.]
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Maitland, William Fuller

​MAITLAND, WILLIAM FULLER (1813–1876), picture collector, born 10 March 1813, was the second, but eldest surviving, son and heir of Ebenezer Fuller Maitland, of Stansted, Essex, and Park Place, Henley-on-Thames. He was educated by private tutors until he went to Trinity College, Cambridge. He graduated B.A. in 1835, and M.A. in 1839. Although he never had ​regular or technical artistic training, he developed very early in life a remarkable love for pictures and an insight into merit in the case of artists whose excellence was at that time unrecognised. During several journeys to Italy he became acquainted with the works of the early Italian masters, and formed the basis of an important part of his collection, at a time when the work of Botticelli and others was wholly unappreciated by the artistic world. The finest schools of English landscape painting were largely represented in his collection. From the time of his first marriage, with Lydia, only daughter of Lieutenant-colonel Serjentson Prescott, which took place in Florence in 1842, until his death, he lived at Stansted. His literary taste, and his love of sport and everything connected with outdoor life were among his most prominent characteristics, and he was almost as great an authority on the merits of a dog as on those of a picture. He died suddenly at Stansted 15 Feb. 1876, and was buried there 19 Feb. Contrary to usual custom, a vote of condolence was passed by the Royal Academy to his widow, and it was acknowledged that he had largely contributed to the success of the Royal Academy Old Masters' Exhibitions, to which during many years he lent pictures. After his death the bulk of the collection was exhibited at the South Kensington Museum; and subsequently nine of the most important pictures were sold to the National Gallery.
Four children were the issue of his first marriage, and by his second wife, Charlotte Elizabeth Dick, daughter of James Munro Macnabb, whom he married in 1852, he had an only daughter.
J. A. F. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Maitland, Thomas (1803-1878)

​MAITLAND, THOMAS, eleventh Earl of Lauderdale (1803–1878), admiral of the fleet, born 3 Feb. 1803, was the only son of William Mordaunt Maitland, a general in the army, third son of James, seventh earl of Lauderdale. He entered the navy in 1816, and was promoted to be lieutenant of the Euryalus on 16 May 1823. In December 1825 he was appointed to the Superb, guardship at Portsmouth, and in March 1826 to the Ganges, flagship of Sir Robert Waller Otway [q. v.] on the South American station. On 30 April 1827 he was promoted to the rank of commander. In 1832–3 he commanded the Sparrowhawk on the West Indian station, and brought home a treasure freight of half a million dollars and forty-two bales of cochineal. In 1835–7 he commanded the Tweed on the north coast of Spain during the civil war, and received the cross of Charles III, which he was at the same time officially authorised to wear. He was advanced to post rank on 10 Jan. 1837, and in June was ap​pointed to the command of the Wellesley, flagship, on the East India station, of Sir Frederick Lewis Maitland [q. v.], and after Sir Frederick's death of Sir J. J. Gordon Bremer [q. v.]. He thus had an active share in the operations in the Persian Gulf in 1839, and during the first Chinese war in 1840-1. He was nominated a C.B. on 29 June 1841, knighted in 1843, and promoted to the rank of rear-admiral on 18 June 1857. In 1869 he was examined by the commission appointed 'to consider the Defences of the United Kingdom,' when he spoke strongly against the building of the proposed fortifications at an expenditure of money which 'might be more profitably laid out in building ships; because,' he said, 'if you can secure being masters of the Channel, I do not see any absolute necessity, as far as security goes, for fortifying Spithead.' From 1860 to 1863 he was commander-in-chief in the Pacific. On 22 March 1863, on the death of his cousin, the tenth Earl of Lauderdale, he succeeded to the title, and to the hereditary offices of standard-bearer of Scotland and marshal of the royal household. On 30 Nov. 1863 he was promoted to be vice-admiral. He was nominated a K.C.B., on 28 March 1866, and G.C.B. 24 May 1873. He became an admiral, 8 April 1868, and, by a special promotion, admiral of the fleet on the retired list, 27 Dec. 1877. He died on 1 Sept. 1878. He married in 1828 Amelia, daughter of William Young of Rio de Janeiro, but, leaving no male issue, the title passed to a distant cousin. Mary Jane, his only surviving daughter, married Reginald Brabazon, twelfth earl of Meath.
[O'Byrne's Nav. Biog. Dict.; Navy Lists; Times, Sept. 1878; Foster's Peerage.]
J. K. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hood, Charles

​HOOD, CHARLES (1826–1883), major-general, born in 1826, was educated at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, and obtained an ensigncy by purchase in the 3rd buffs, 26 June 1844. In 1846 he acted as secretary to the mission sent to the Argentine Republic to arrange certain differences between the combined powers of Great Britain and France and General Rosas, governor of Buenos Ayres. He became lieutenant in the buffs in 1846, and captain in 1851. He was senior officer of his regiment in the trenches before Sebastopol, and led the ladder party in the attack of the Redan on 8 Oct. 1855. In both engagements he was wounded. He was in command of the regiment from 13 Sept. to 27 Dec. 1855, and was at its head when it marched with colours flying into the Karabelnaia suburb after the fall of the city, these being the first British colours carried within Sebastopol. Hood was rewarded with a brevet of major, English and Turkish medals, and fifth class of Medjidie. After serving as major of the depôt battalion at Templemore, Hood became lieutenant-colonel 58th foot on 23 Nov. 1860, and for some years commanded that regiment in Bengal. He became a major-general in 1870, and honorary lieutenant-general (retired list) in 1877. He died on 8 Feb. 1883.
[Foreign Office Lists; Hart's Army Lists.]
H. M. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hood, John

​HOOD, JOHN (1720–1783?), surveyor and inventor, was born in 1720 at Moyle, co. Carlow. In 1772 was published in Dublin his 'Tables of Difference of Latitude and Departure for Navigators, Land Surveyors, &c.,' in which he recommends that in surveying the bearing of objects should be taken from the meridian of the place. The tables printed in the book are the natural sines of all the angles, in degrees and quarter degrees, to different radii, the latter ranging from 1 to 100, as being best adapted to Gunter's chain. Hood also gives an account of the diurnal variation of the magnetic needle and its correction, and a description of a new surveying instrument. This invention is elsewhere called Hood's compass theodolite, and is described as the basis of the theodolite now used in England and America. He is also said to have anticipated the invention of Hadley's quadrant, but took out no patents. He died about 1783.
A grandson, Samuel Hood (1800?–1875), legal writer, born in Moyle, co. Donegal, about 1800, emigrated to Philadelphia, U.S.A., in 1826, and joined the bar there. He published a treatise 'On the Law of Decedents,' Philadelphia, 1847; and wrote, among other works, 'A Brief Account of the Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick' (1844) for the Hibernian Society of Philadelphia. He died at Philadelphia in 1875. (Appleton's Cyclopædia of American Biography, iii. 248.)
[Webb's Compendium of Irish Biography; Allibone's Dict.; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
R. E. A.