OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Castle, Edmund

1904 Errata appended.
​CASTLE, EDMUND (1698–1750), master of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, and dean of Hereford, was a native of Kent, and was born on 14 Sept. 1698 near Canterbury, where he received the greater part of his education. He was admitted into Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, in 1716, being appointed ‘puer cubiculi’ by the master, Bishop Greene, and to a Kentish scholarship on Archbishop Parker's foundation. He received the degree of B.A. in 1719, and was made fellow in 1722. He was appointed public orator in 1726–7, but vacated the office in 1729, on being appointed to the vicarages of Elm and Emneth in the Isle of Ely, whence he was removed to Barley, Hertfordshire. In 1744 he was made rector of St. Paul's School, in 1744–5 master of Corpus Christi College, and in 1746 vice-chancellor. In 1747 he was promoted to a prebend at Lincoln, and in 1748–9 to the deanery of Hereford. He died at Bath on 6 June 1750. He was buried at Barley, Hertfordshire, where there is a Latin inscription to his memory. He was stated to have been a man of considerable learning and of great simplicity of manners.
[Nichols's Lit. Anecd. vi. 78; Masters's History of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, pp. 235–9; Le Neve's Fasti.]
T. F. H.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.57 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 274 | i | 21 | Castle, Edmund: for the same year read in 1744-5 |
| | | 22 | after College insert In 1746 he was vice-chancellor |
| | | 23 | for the following year read 1748-9 |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cradock, Walter

​CRADOCK, WALTER (1606?–1659), puritan divine, was born of a gentleman's family at Trevela, in the parish of Llangwmucha, Monmouthshire, where, from his ancestors, he derived an estate of 60l. a year. He was educated at Oxford, and became curate first at Peterston-upon-Ely, Glamorganshire, and afterwards to William Erbury, vicar of St. Mary's, Cardiff. In consequence, however, of his puritanical opinions, he was deprived of his curacy by the Bishop of Llandaff, who described him as ‘a bold, ignorant young fellow.’ He then went to Wrexham, where he officiated as curate for nearly a year. Afterwards he appears to have resided at Llanvair Waterdine, Herefordshire, under the patronage of Sir Robert Harley of Brampton Bryan. Thence he made excursions into the neighbouring counties, establishing in some of them settled congregations. Subsequently he succeeded the Rev. William Wroth as pastor of the congregational church at Llanvaches, Monmouthshire, and about 1646 he was appointed preacher at Allhallows-the-Great, London. He was one of the commissioners or triers appointed on 20 March 1653–4 for the approbation of public preachers. He died at Trevela on 24 Dec. 1659, and was buried in the chancel of the church of Llangwmucha.
He was the author of: 1. ‘The Saints Fulnesse of Joy in their fellowship with God,’ a sermon preached before the House of Commons ‘in Margarets Westminster,’ 21 July 1646, being the day appointed for thanks-giving for the surrender of Oxford, London, 1646, 4to. 2. ‘Gospel-Libertie,’ a collection of twelve sermons, Lond. 1648, 4to. 3. ‘Divine Drops distilled from the Fountain of Holy Scriptures,’ Lond. 1650, 4to. 4. ‘Gospel-Holinesse, or, the saving sight of God,’ Lond. 1651, 4to.
His collected ‘Works’ were published at Chester, 1800, 8vo, by the Rev. T. Charles of Bala and the Rev. P. Oliver of Chester.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cradock, Zachary

​CRADOCK, ZACHARY (1633–1695), provost of Eton, was brother of Samuel Cradock [q. v.] His father was settled in Rutlandshire. He was educated at Emanuel, and Queens' College, Cambridge, and elected fellow of the latter 2 Aug. 1654. In 1656 Ralph Cudworth recommended him to secretary Thurloe as resident chaplain at Lisbon, and he held the post for several years (Thurloe, Papers v. 522; Cal. State Papers, 1657, p. 466). He became canon of Chichester 11 Feb. 1669–70, and fellow of Eton College in December 1671. He was also chaplain in ordinary to Charles II. On 24 Feb. 1680–1 he was elected provost of Eton, in succession to Richard Allestree [q. v.], and in opposition to Edmund Waller the poet, who, according to Wood, ‘had tugged hard for it.’ In June 1695 it was reported that the deanery of Lincoln was offered him. He died in September 1695, and was buried in Eton college chapel. He was very celebrated as a preacher. Evelyn the diarist was acquainted with him and frequently visited him at Eton. A sermon by him was preached before the king, 10 Feb. 1677–8, was published in 1678, and went through five editions before 1695. It was reissued in 1740 and in 1742. Another sermon was issued posthumously in 1706.
S. L. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Craig, Alexander

​CRAIG, ALEXANDER (1567?–1627), poet, born at Banff about 1567, was educated in the university of St. Andrews, where he took his degree of master of arts in 1586. At the accession of James he came to London in the hope of obtaining preferment, and in 1604 published ‘The Poetical Essayes of Alexander Craige, Scots-Britane,’ 4to, in which he pays many fulsome compliments to the king and queen. There is a sonnet by Sir Robert Aytoun, in the author's praise, at the end of the book. Craig's flattery was not applied in vain, for on 9 Dec. 1605 he received from James a pension of 600 merks, or 400l. Scots money. At the next meeting of the Scottish parliament an act of ratification of the pension was passed, on 11 Aug. 1607. Having been successful in his pilgrimage, he returned to Scotland and settled at a spot that he calls Rose-Craig, probably situated in the neighbourhood of Banff. In 1606 appeared ‘The Amorose Songes, Sonets, and Elegies of Mr. Alexander Craige, Scots Britane,’ 8vo, dedicated to Queen Anne. The best things in this dull collection are some verses in imitation of Marlowe's ‘Come live with me and be my love,’ and of Sir Walter Raleigh's ‘If all the world and love were young.’ It was followed in 1609 by ‘The Poetical Recreations of Mr. Alexander Craige of Rosecraig,’ Edinburgh, 4to, dedicated to the Earl of Dunbar. One of the pieces is a ‘Complaint to his Majestie,’ in which the poet deplores his poverty. In 1623 Craig published at Aberdeen another volume of ‘Poeticall Recreations,’ 4to, consisting chiefly of epigrams. From some copies of verses in this collection (addressed to the Earl of Mar) it appears that the poet had some difficulty in getting his pension regularly paid. Craig died in 1627. A posthumous poem entitled ‘The Pilgrime and Heremite, in forme of a Dialogue’ (of which a unique copy, wanting sig. B, four leaves, is preserved at Britwell), was published by William Skene in 1631 at Aberdeen, 4to. Some verses in Alexander ​Gardyne's ‘Garden of Grave and Godlie Floures,’ 1609, are addressed to Craig, who perhaps wrote the first of ‘Certaine Encomiastick Poesies to the Author,’ prefixed to that work. Among the complimentary verses (not found in ed. 1709, but preserved in the author's manuscript) prefixed to Gardyne's ‘The Theatre of the Scotish Kings,’ is a copy of verses by Craig, who also contributed some prefatory verses to ‘The Famous Historie of the Renowned and Valiant Prince Robert, surnamed the Bruce, King of Scotland,’ Dort, 1615. Some verses of Craig are in John Adamson's ‘The Muses' Welcome,’ 1618, and he wrote some commendatory verses to ‘The Staggering State of Scots Statesmen,’ by Sir John Scot of Scotstarvet, first printed in 1754. Dr. William Barclay, in ‘Nepenthes, or the Vertues of Tobacco,’ 1614, addresses a short poem to Craig. In 1873–4 a collective edition of Craig's poems, which are very rare and very worthless, was issued by the Hunterian Society, with an introduction by David Laing.
A. H. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Craig, James (d.1795)

​CRAIG, JAMES (d. 1795), architect, was the son of William Craig, merchant in Edinburgh, and Mary, youngest daughter of the Rev. Thomas Thomson of Ednam, Roxburghshire, and sister of James Thomson the poet [q. v.] Craig was a pupil of Sir Robert Taylor [q. v.], and in 1767 sent in a ‘plan of the new streets and squares intended for the city of Edinburgh’ for a competition instituted by the authorities of that city, who were desirous of extending it by buildings laid out in a more modern style. Craig adopted as the keynote of his design some lines from his uncle's poem on ‘Liberty:’—
August, around, what public works I see! Lo! stately streets! lo! squares that court the breeze! See! long canals and deepened rivers join Each part with each, and with the circling main The whole enlivened isle——;
and therefore planned a series of exact squares and parallelograms, in which the North Loch was preserved as a long canal with formal buildings on each side. This plan, though utterly destitute of inventive ingenuity or any regard for the natural features of the ground, was accepted with acclamation by the magistracy of Edinburgh; they presented Craig with a gold medal bearing the city arms and the freedom of the city in a silver box, and his plan was engraved by P. Begbie and published in 1768 with a dedication to George III. Hence arose that portion of Edinburgh known as the New Town. One of the principal buildings erected by Craig, as part of this design, was the Physicians' Hall, ‘a chaste Grecian edifice,’ the foundation-stone of which was laid by Dr. Cullen [q. v.] in 1774, and which was destined to be an enduring monument of Craig's architectural genius. It has been since pulled down to make way for the Commercial Bank of Scotland. Craig subsequently modified his original design by introducing a circus in the centre of George Street, and in 1786 issued a quarto pamphlet with engravings, containing a scheme for a further remodelling of the Old Town. Fortunately the mania for improvement died out before this could be carried into execution. Craig died in Edinburgh 23 June 1795. There is a portrait of him seated among his architectural designs in the Scottish National Portrait Gallery.
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Craft, William H.

​CRAFT, WILLIAM H. (d. 1805?), enamel-painter, a prolific artist, was employed at the Battersea enamel works. He was probably a relation, perhaps a son, of Thomas Craft, who was employed at the porcelain works at Bow, and executed the bowl now in the British Museum, to which he affixed an account of its production, rendering it one of the few pieces of Bow china that have been authenticated. William Craft exhibited numerous enamels at the Royal Academy in the years 1774–1795. They were mostly decorative subjects, but there were some portraits, including one of Major André. Enamels by him on copper signed ‘W. H. Craft’ are sometimes met with, but are not common. Lady Charlotte Schreiber notes some vases dated 1787–8, and snuff-boxes with heads of Nelson and others; also a memorial piece of Britannia between Howe, Nelson, Duncan, and St. Vincent. In 1862, at the Archæological Institute, an enamel on gold by Craft was exhibited by Mr. J. P. Fischer, and a large enamel on copper, representing a rural scene, by Mr. Wilson; the latter is now in the possession of Mr. Octavius Morgan, F.S.A. A portrait of Sir William Hamilton, dated 1802, is in the possession of Mr. A. W. Franks, F.S.A.; ​it is hard, but clever in execution. Earl Spencer has a miniature of Lavinia, countess Spencer, after Reynolds, signed and dated 1787, which was exhibited at the Exhibition of Miniatures in 1865. Craft is stated to have died in 1805.
L. C.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Curwen, Henry

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​CURWEN, HENRY (1845–1892)
Journalist and writer : born in 1845 : son of Henry Curwen : educated at Rossall : followed a literary career in London until he went to India in 1876, as Assistant-Editor of the Times of India, Bombay, of which he became Editor in 1880 and joint-proprietor in 1889 : died on board ship, Feb. 22, 1892, on his way homewards : wrote several novels, and translations of French poetry, and contributed articles to periodical literature : described his tour in the famine districts of 1876–7 : under his editorship the Times of India was well conducted and favourably regarded.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Cust, Robert Needham

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​CUST, ROBERT NEEDHAM (1821– )
I.C.S. : son of Hon. and Rev. H. C. Cust, brother of Earl Brownlow : born Feb. 24, 1821 : educated at Eton and Haileybury : entered the Bengal Civil Service, 1843, and retired in 1867 : served in the N.W.P. and Panjab : present at the battles of Mudki and Firozshahr, 1845, and Sobraon, 1846 : called to the bar from Lincoln's Inn, 1855 : took part in the settlement of the Panjab after the mutiny, 1858 : Home Secretary to the Government of India, 1864–5 : is now Hon. Secretary of the Royal Asiatic Society, and has published many books on the religions and languages of the world, the two last being Five Essays on Religious Conceptions, 1897, and Life Memoir, 1899: LL.D. of ' Edinburgh, 1885.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/D'Ache, Comte

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​D'ACHE, COMTE (1700? or 1716?–1775)
Vice- Admiral : served with distinction, but without important command, up to 1757. when he was made Commander of the French Naval forces in Indian seas : reached the Coromandel coast, April, 1758, commanding the squadron which took Lally's expedition to India : beaten, off Negapatam., by the English Fleet under Admiral Pocock : declined to co-operate with Lally against Madras : again defeated off Tranquebar, Aug. 1, 1758 : sailed for the Isle of France : took for his fleet a million francs, intended for Pondicherry : returned after a year from Isle of France : defeated off Fort St. David, Sep. 10, 1759, by Pocock : went to Pondicherry, but abandoned it Sep. 17, and never returned, staying at the Isle of France : thus, inefficient and constantly defeated, he lost in a few months the French cause in South India : the commerce of the Compagnie des Indes was irretrievably destroyed : on his return to France, he received promotion in the Navy and honours, without restoring his reputation by any distinguished action : became an accuser of Lally : died, 1775.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/D'Aguilar, Sir Charles Lawrence

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​D'AGUILAR, SIR CHARLES LAWRENCE (1821–)
Born 1821 : son of Lt-General Sir George D'Aguilar, K.C.B. : educated at R.M.A., Woolwich : entered the Royal Artillery, 1838 : Military Secretary to the Commander of the China Forces, 1843–8 : served in the Crimea and in the Indian mutiny : General commanding Woolwich District, 1874–9 : Lt-General, 1877 : Col. Commandant R.H.A. : G.C.B., 1887.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/D'Oldenburg, Serge

* related authors: Sergey Oldenburg.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
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​D'OLDENBURG, SERGE (1863–)
Born Sep. 14, 1863 : son of Theodore d' Oldenburg, General in the Russian Army : educated at the Warsaw Gymnasium, and at the Faculty of Oriental Languages, ​St. Petersburg ; where he was Private Docent of Sanskrit from 1889, and afterwards Professor till 1899 : Member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, 1900 Perpetual Secretary of the Academy, 1904 Cand. Faculty Oriental Languages, 1885 Mag. Sanskrit Literature, 1894 : since 1898 Hon. Secy, of the Oriental Section of the Russian Imperial Archaeological Society : Member of Council of the R.I. Geographical Society : Member of the Russian Committee for the Exploration of Central Asia : has written on Buddhism, Indian Art, Comparative Literature : edits the Bibliotheca Buddhica for the Imperial Academy.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Da Cunha, J. Gerson

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​DA CUNHA, J. GERSON (1842–1900)
Doctor : born in Arpora, Goa : claimed to belong to a family of Brahman converts to Christianity: educated at Goa, Bombay, and in Europe : returned to Bombay as a medical practitioner : a man of letters and antiquarian research : Vice-President of the R.A.S., Bombay, 1892 : Knight of several foreign orders : read many valuable papers on history, archaeology, languages, numismatics before the R.A.S. : also wrote largely : a history of Chaul and Bassein, and the Origin of Bombay, 1900 : on the subject of Buddha's Tooth : a man of great culture and a keen numismatist : his collection of Indian coins, said to number 15,000, was considered one of the finest in the world, and was valued at several lakhs of rupees : he died July 3, 1900.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Dalgleish, Andrew

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​DALGLEISH, ANDREW ( ? –1888)
An energetic pioneer of trade : for years he journeyed for commercial pur- poses between Kashmir and Yarkand : joined a Central Asian Trading Company : went with a party to Yarkand, and afterwards made frequent journeys to Kashgar : in 1883 he had a free passport from the Chinese to enter Chinese Turkistan : went as Turkish interpreter with A. D. Carey (q.v.) in 1885 from Kashmir round Chinese Turkistan and along the frontier of Tibet : was killed near the Karakoram, en route to Yarkand, by a Kakar Pathan in 1888 : his map specially acknowledged by the Geographical Society.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Curzon of Kedleston, George Nathaniel, first Baron

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​CURZON OF KEDLESTON, GEORGE NATHANIEL, FIRST BARON (1859–)
Viceroy and Governor-General : born Jan. II, 1859, son of Rev. fourth Baron Scarsdale : educated at Eton and Balliol College, Oxford : President of the Union Society, 1880 : Fellow of All Souls' College, 1883 : gained the Arnold Essay Prize, 1884 : Assistant Private Secretary to the Marquis of Salisbury, 1885 : Under Secretary of State for India, 1891–2 : for Foreign Affairs, 1895–8 : travelled in Central Asia, Persia, Afghanistan, the Pamirs, Siam, Indo-China, the Korea : M.P. for Southport Division, 1886–98 : published Russia in Central Asia, 1889 : Persia and the Persian Question, 1892 : Problems of the Far East, 1894 : Viceroy and Governor-General of India from Jan. 6, 1899, to April, 1904 : paid much attention to the control and defence of the frontiers of India, changing the policy on the N.W. frontier : created a Chief Commissionership of the Trans-Indus districts : enforced the blockade of Waziristan : showed distrust of Russian objects and Russian methods : visited the Persian gulf, with a view to prevention of any enroachment on British interest, to increase trade and maintain sphere of influence in Persia : despatched Tibet mission to carry out Anglo-Chinese convention of 1890 and trade regulations of 1893, and check Russian influence in Tibet : the mission leading to war with Tibet and the treaty of Lhasa, Sep. 1904 : examined into every branch of the administration, to introduce improvements : "it has not always been a popular policy" : appointed several Commissions, on the Universities, to reform Higher Education, on Irrigation, on the Police : had to deal with a famine in Bombay : aimed at improving relations with the native Chiefs, and the character of their rule : reformed the four Chiefs' colleges : founded the Imperial Cadet Corps : settled the question of the Berars : set on foot the Victoria Memorial Hall, obtaining large subscriptions from wealthy natives : held the Delhi Coronation Darbar of Dec. 1902– Jan. 1903 : reduced Lower Bengal by three Divisions, adding them to Assam to make a new Lieutenant-Governorship : had large financial surpluses, twice reduced the Salt Tax, and removed the Income Tax on the lowest incomes : passed some important legislative measures, such as the Universities Act, the Oflicial Secrets Act, the Indian Mines Act, the Ancient Monuments Preservation Act, the Co-operative Credit Societies' Act : G.M.S.I., G.M.I.E., P.C, F.R.S., J.P., D.C.L. : re-appointed Viceroy and Governor-General in 1904 : returned to India, Dec. 1904 : Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, 1903–4 : in Aug., 1905, resigned the Viceroyalty on a point arising out of an adverse decision of the Cabinet on a difference of opinion between the C. in C. (Lord Kitchener) and the rest of the Government of India regarding military affairs in India.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/D'Aguilar, Sir George Charles

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​D'AGUILAR, SIR GEORGE CHARLES (1784–1855)
Son of Capt. Joseph D'Aguilar : born Jan. 1784 : joined the 86th regt. in India, 1799 : served in the Mahratta war of 1803–5 : at Bhartpur in 1806 under Lord Lake : to England in 1809 : in the Walcheren expedition : in Sicily : on a special mission to Constantinople : in Spain : in Flanders : C.B. in 1834 : commanded in China, and in 1847 Canton submitted to him : K.C.B. in 1851 : Lt-General : died May 21, 1855 : wrote military manuals and treatises.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Adams, Andrew Leith

​ADAMS, ANDREW LEITH (d. 1882), zoologist, became an army surgeon in 1848, and surgeon-major in 1861. He reported on the Maltese cholera epidemic in 1865, and, having retired from the army in 1873, was appointed professor of zoology in the College of Science, Dublin, and in 1878 became professor of natural history in Queen's College, Cork. His principal works are: ‘Wanderings of a Naturalist in India,’ ‘The Western Himalayas and Cashmere’ (1867), ‘Notes of a Naturalist in the Nile Valley and Malta’ (1870), ‘Field and Forest Rambles, with Notes and Observations on the Natural History of Eastern Canada’ (1873), and his ‘Monograph on the British Fossil Elephants’ (1877). He was elected F.G.S. in 1870, and F.R.S. in 1872.
G. T. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Adam of Evesham

​ADAM of Evesham (d. 1191), was a monk of Notre Dame de la Charité-sur-Loire, Nièvre, afterwards joined to Cluny, and became prior of Bermondsey in 1157, and for that monastery he obtained important privileges in 1160 from Henry II. In 1161 he was made abbot of Evesham, where he completed the cloister, finished St. Egwine's shrine, glazed many of the windows, and made an aqueduct. He obtained the right to use episcopal ornaments in 1163, Evesham being the first abbey which obtained the use of the mitre for its abbot. In 1162 he was one of the papal commissioners for delivering the pall to Archbishop Thomas. He died 12 Nov. 1191. According to Leland he was the author of: 1. ‘Exhortatio ad Sacras Virgines Godestovensis Cœnobii.’ 2. ‘De miraculo Eucharistiæ ad Rainaldum.’ 3. ‘Epistolæ.’
H. R. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Adam the Carthusian

Confusion with Adam Anglicus, according to the ODNB.
​ADAM the Carthusian (fl. 1340) is described as a Carthusian monk and a doctor of theology. A list of his works is given in Tanners's ‘Bibliotheca,’ p. 7; but he is confused with Adam of Eynsham, the author of ‘Life of St. Hugh of Lincoln;’ and another of the works mentioned, the ‘Scala Cæli,’ is attributed to Guigo Carthusianus in the printed editions.
H. R. L.