OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Henton, Simon

Simon of Hinton in the ODNB.
​HENTON or HEINTON, SIMON (fl. 1360), Dominican, born at Henton, near Winchester, became a Dominican friar, and eventually provincial of the order in England. He wrote commentaries on the books of Proverbs, Song of Songs, Wisdom, Ecclesiasticus, the four greater prophets, and Job, besides treatises on the Ten Commandments, the Articles of the Faith, and the Cross of Christ. All these works have perished. The treatise on the Articles of the Faith and the commentary on Job were once in the library at St. Paul's (Dugdale, Hist. of St. Paul's, pp. 277, 282). Henton's ‘Moralia’ or ‘Postillæ’ on the twelve minor prophets are preserved in New College MS. 45 (Coxe, Cat. MSS. Coll. Aul. Oxon. i. 12, 13). Bernard (Cat. MSS. Angl. et Hib. pt. iii. No. 736) mentions a manuscript which contains ‘excerpta ex summa Fratris Symonis de Heintun.’
[Bale, v. 99; Pits, p. 486; Tanner's Bibl. Brit.-Hib. p. 397; Quétif and Echard's Scriptt. Ord. Præd. i. 648.]
C. L. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hepburn, George Buchan

​HEPBURN, Sir GEORGE BUCHAN (1739–1819), baron in the Scottish exchequer, son of John Buchan of Letham, East Lothian, by Elizabeth, daughter of Patrick Hepburn of Smeaton, was born in March 1739. He was educated at the university of Edinburgh, where Henry Dundas [q. v.], afterwards Viscount Melville, was among his intimate friends. He succeeded to the barony of Smeaton-Hepburn in 1764, and thereupon assumed the name and arms of Hepburn of Smeaton. In January 1763 he had been admitted a member of the Faculty of Advocates, Edinburgh, and from 1767 he was solicitor to the lords of session till 1790, when he was appointed judge of the high court of admiralty in Scotland. On 31 Dec. of the following year he was made baron of the exchequer. He retired in 1814, and on 6 May 1815 was created a baronet. He was the author of ‘The General View of the Agriculture and Rural Economy of East Lothian, with ​Observations on the Means of their Improvement,’ 1796. He died 3 July 1819, having married (1) Jane, eldest daughter of Alexander Leith of Glenkindy and Freefield, and (2) Margaretta Henrietta, daughter of John Zacharias Beck, and widow of Brigadier-general Fraser. By his first wife he had an only son, who succeeded him in the baronetcy.
[Foster's Baronetage; Irving's Eminent Scotsmen; Gent. Mag. 1819, pt. ii. 91.]
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Henty, Edward

​HENTY, EDWARD (1809–1878), pioneer of Victoria, sixth son of Thomas Henty of West Tarring, Sussex, was born there on 10 March 1809. His father, a landowner, induced by the offer of a large grant of land, sent out three of Edward's elder brothers in 1829 to the Swan River in Western Australia. They removed thence to Launceston in Van Diemen's Land, where Edward, with the rest of the family, joined them; but they soon returned to the continent. Edward Henty touched at Portland Bay in July 1833, and settled there on 19 Nov. 1834 with stock and boats to form a whaling establishment, thus inaugurating the first permanent settlement in what is now Victoria. Several of his brothers followed him, and when Major (afterwards Sir Thomas) Mitchell the explorer came from Sydney down the valley of the Wannon and Glenelg in 1836, he found a small but prosperous colony at Portland. By Mitchell's advice Henty and his brothers pushed inland, and obtained possession of great sheep-runs. Besides managing a very large estate, Henty carried on business as a merchant. The whole family were careful to improve the breed of sheep. In 1856 Henty was elected to represent Normanby in the Legislative Assembly, but was defeated at the election of 1861. During the last years of his life he resided at Offington, St. Kilda Road, Melbourne, and died there on 14 Aug. 1878.
[Melbourne Argus, 15 Aug. 1878; Australiana, by Richmond Henty, nephew of Edward Henty; Heaton's Australian Dates and Men of the Time.]
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Henwood, William Jory

​HENWOOD, WILLIAM JORY (1805–1875), mineralogist, was born at Perron Wharf, Cornwall, 16 Jan. 1805. He came of an old Cornish family settled at Levalsa in St. Ewe; but his grandfather having lost considerably in the Huel Mexico, the first Cornish silver mine, Henwood's father, John Henwood, and, from 1822 to 1827, Henwood himself, acted as clerk to Messrs. Fox & Co. of Perron Wharf. While here he began the ​study of metalliferous deposits, his first paper being read before the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall in 1826. From 1832 to 1838 Henwood was assay-master and supervisor of tin for the duchy of Cornwall, and in 1837 he received the Telford medal of the Institution of Civil Engineers for a paper on pumping-engines. He became a fellow of the Geological Society in 1828, and of the Royal Society in 1840. In 1843 he took charge of the Gongo-Soco mines in Brazil, where he paid much attention to bettering the condition of the slaves. In 1855 Henwood proceeded to India to report on the metals of Kumson and Gurhwal for the Indian government; and in 1858, his health having been impaired, he retired from active work and settled at Penzance. In 1869 he was elected president of the Royal Institution of Cornwall, and in 1874 he was awarded the Murchison medal of the Geological Society. Henwood died unmarried at Penzance, 5 Aug. 1875.
In his earlier researches Henwood was assisted by a subscription raised by the gentry of Cornwall, his results being published by the local geological society. The fifth volume of their ‘Transactions,’ 1843, 512 pp., with 125 plates, is entirely devoted to his observations ‘On the Metalliferous Deposits of Cornwall and Devon, … Subterranean Temperature … Water … and Electric Currents,’ and the still larger eighth volume (1871) contained his account of foreign deposits. Fifty-five papers by him are enumerated in the Royal Society's ‘Catalogue’ (iii. 298–300), and some additional ones are mentioned in Boase and Courtney's ‘Bibliotheca Cornubiensis.’ The name ‘Henwoodite’ has been bestowed in his honour upon a hydrous phosphate of aluminium and copper.
[Geological Mag. 1875, p. 431; Proceedings of the Geological Soc. 1875–6, p. 82.]
G. S. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Maccarthy, Nicholas Tuite

​MACCARTHY, NICHOLAS TUITE, called the Abbé de Lévignac (1769–1833), divine, was the son of Justin MacCarthy, only surviving representative of the MacCarthy Reagh family, by Mary Winifred, daughter of Nicholas Tuite, chamberlain to the king of Denmark. Born at Dublin 19 May 1769, at four years of age he was taken to Toulouse, where his father was naturalised (1776) and made a French count. When seven years old he was sent to the college Du Plessis in Paris, and at fourteen he received the tonsure at St. Magloire seminary, being styled, from a property near Bordeaux, purchased by his father, the Abbé de Lévignac. His kinsman, Arthur Dillon, archbishop of Narbonne, would have at once given him a benefice in commendam, but MacCarthy could not conscientiously accept a sinecure. The revolution interrupted his studies at the Sorbonne, and drove him back to Toulouse, where he profited by his father's large library, and helped to educate his younger brothers. A weakness of the reins rendering it painful for him to kneel or to stand upright, he long hesitated to become a priest, but the death in childbed of a sister-in-law, wife of Viscount (afterwards Count) Robert MacCarthy, deputy for the Drome in 1815–20, put an end to his irresolution. Ordained in 1814, he soon became known as one of the most eloquent French preachers, and in 1817 he was offered the bishopric of Montauban, but he declined preferment, having determined on joining the jesuits. This he did in 1820, and as an Advent or Lent preacher he had a great reputation at court, in the principal French towns, and at Geneva. The revolution of 1830 led him to retire to Savoy, whence he was summoned to Rome, a preaching visit which undermined his health. Just after concluding Lent sermons at Annécy in 1833, he was attacked by a fatal illness, expired on 3 May in the bishop's palace, and was buried in the cathedral.
[Life prefixed to his Sermons by the Abbé Deplace, Lyons, 1834; Genealogy in Annuaire de la Pairie, 1845.]
J. G. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Macbride, John David

​MACBRIDE, JOHN DAVID (1778–1868), principal of Magdalen Hall, Oxford, born at Plympton in Devonshire, 28 June 1778, was only son of John Macbride, admiral (d. 1800) [q. v.] David Macbride, M.D. [q. v.], was his uncle. After being educated at Cheam school in Surrey, under William Gilpin (1757–1848), he was matriculated at Exeter College, Oxford, 28 March 1795. His habits were studious. He graduated B.A. 1799 and M.A. 1802, and on 9 July 1800 he was admitted a fellow of his college. On 21 and 22 Nov. 1811 he became B.C.L. and D.C.L., and in 1813 F.S.A. He interested himself in oriental literature, and in 1813 was appointed principal of Magdalen Hall, and lord almoner's reader in Arabic, succeeding in both offices Dr. Henry Ford. These two appointments he retained till his death; the latter was almost a sinecure. For some years he held several other university offices, viz. assessor of the chancellor's court, delegate of privileges, delegate of the university press, commissioner of the market. It was during his headship that the buildings of Magdalen Hall were moved (1822) from their former situation contiguous to Magdalen College to their present site. The Hall, which was in 1874 renamed Hertford College, was only comparatively successful under Macbride's administration. William Jacobson [q. v.], afterwards bishop of Chester, was for some years his vice-principal, and Macbride himself gave theological lectures to his undergraduates. He was a deeply religious layman of evangelical views. He was well off and extremely liberal, especially in helping poor members of his college. He was not a man of deep learning, but one of varied and extensive information, which he would bring out in a quaint and humorous fashion (Burgon, Lives of Twelve Good Men, ii. 297). In 1863 the jubilee of his headship was celebrated by a large gathering of members of his Hall, and by the foundation of a scholarship that bears his name. He died 24 Jan. 1868, aged 89. On 19 July 1805 he married Mary (1770–1862), second daughter of Sir Joseph Radcliffe, bart., and widow of Joseph Starkie, esq.; he and his wife are buried in Holywell cemetery, Oxford. His only child, a daughter, survived him.
Macbride's principal literary work was ‘The Mohammedan Religion explained; with an introductory Sketch of its Progress, and Suggestions for its Confutation,’ 8vo, London, 1857. It is a useful book, without any pretension to original research, but with perhaps a greater appearance of learning than it deserves, on account of its many Arabic quotations. He also published: 1. ‘Lectures explanatory of the Diatessaron,’ 8vo, Oxford, 1824; 4th edit. 1854. 2. ‘Lectures ​on the Thirty-nine Articles,’ 8vo, Oxford, 1853. 3. ‘Lectures on the Acts of the Apostles and on the Epistles,’ 8vo, Oxford, 1858.
[Times, 25 Jan. 1868; Guardian, 29 Jan. 1868; Gent. Mag. 1868, i. 393–4; Boase's Register of … Exeter College; private information; Foster's Alumni Oxon.]
W. A. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Maccall, William

​MACCALL, WILLIAM (1812–1888), author, born at Largs, Ayrshire, on 23 Feb. 1812, was eldest son of John Maccall, a tradesman of good position, by his wife, Elizabeth Murdoch. He was destined for the presbyterian ministry, and entered Glasgow University in 1837, graduating M.A. in 1833, He then passed two years in a theological academy at Geneva, but, becoming a unitarian, he joined the ministry of that church. He officiated at Bolton, Lancashire (1837–1840), and Crediton, Devonshire (1841–6). Coming to London in 1846, he lived first at 4 Carburton Street, and preached, lectured, and wrote for the press. John Stuart Mill gave him introductions to the 'Spectator' and the 'Critic;' he also wrote for the 'Gentleman's Magazine.' Afterwards he lived in various suburbs of London, and in 1861 settled at Bexley Heath, where he died on 19 Nov. 1888. He had married on 3 March 1842 Alice, daughter of John Haselden of Bolton. She died on 17 April 1878, and left one daughter, Elizabeth. Maccall, whose life was a long struggle with poverty, was a good linguist, and was of independent character. He knew Carlyle, and perhaps derived from his writings those principles of individualism, which were the basis of his system of ethics. He published
* 'The Agents of Civilization,' London, 1843, 12mo.
* 'The Education of Taste,' 1846, 8vo.
* 'The Elements of Individualism,' 1847, 8vo.
* 'National Missions,' 1855, 8vo.
* 'Foreign Biographies,' 2 vols. 1873, 8vo.
* 'The newest Materialism,' 1873, 8vo.
* 'Russian Hymns,' 1879, 8vo. A collection of anti-Russian ballads.
* 'Christian Legends,' 1881, 8vo.
* 'Moods and Memories,' 1885, 8vo. A volume of verses.
He also translated Letourneau's 'Biology,' London, 1877, 8vo, and pamphlets.
[Information kindly furnished by John Burbidge, esq.; Works; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Maccartain, William

Uilliam Mac Cairteáin in the ODNB.
​MACCARTAIN, WILLIAM (fl. 1703), Irish poet, was of an Ulster family, but was born in Munster at Doon, co. Cork. He was a fervent catholic and royalist. He wrote on 14 July 1700 a poetical address to Sir James FitzEdmond Cotter (Egerton MS. 154 in British Museum), which contains, as has been pointed out by Standish Hayes O'Grady, the true name of the slayer of John Lisle [q. v.] at Lausanne on 11 Aug. 1664. Thomas MacDonnell, the name given in the English accounts, was a pseudonym circulated to avoid discovery, and this Sir James FitzEdmond Cotter, in Irish Sémus mac Emoinn Mhic Choitir, who lived safely in Munster till after 1700, was well known in his own country to be the real man who killed Lisle. The address praises the valour and the generosity to literary men of this popular hero. On 29 Dec. 1701 MacCartain wrote a poetical epistle to John Baptist MacSlevin, the catholic bishop of Cork, Cloyne, and Ross, thanking him for the loan of a book of old Irish literature, beginning ‘A leabhair bhig trath do dhail dam sult ar fhiannaib’ (‘O little book that for a while hast afforded me amusement about the Fianna’). The bishop was afterwards banished on 27 Feb. 1703, under a provision in the penal laws then in full force, and went to Portugal. MacCartain composed two poems on his exile (all three in ​Egerton, 154). On 28 April 1703 he wrote a poem called ‘The Lion of the Province of Ulster,’ and on 29 May 1703 a song to the air of Grainne Mhaol, in which he deplores the ruined state of the native gentry, and again alludes to the bishop's expatriation. All his works are in Irish, and, excepting those printed by S. H. O'Grady in his ‘Silva Gadelica’ (1892), have circulated exclusively in manuscript.
[Egerton MS. 154, articles 41, 43, 45, 47, in Brit. Mus.; information kindly given by Standish Hayes O'Grady, who has for the first time printed and translated some of MacCartain's poems; S. H. O'Grady's Cat. of Irish MSS. in Brit. Mus.; E. O. Reilly's Trans. of Iberno-Celtic Soc. Dublin, 1820, p. 206.]
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Macbeth, Norman

​MACBETH, NORMAN (1821–1888), portrait-painter, was born in 1821 at Greenock, where his father, James Macbeth, was an official of the excise. He served a seven years' apprenticeship as an engraver in Glasgow, and then proceeded to London, where he studied in the schools of the Royal Academy, and copied in the National Gallery, passing afterwards to Paris, where he worked in the Louvre and under a master. In 1845 he established himself as a portrait-painter in Greenock, removing to Glasgow in 1848, and in 1856 we find him again practising in Greenock. Since 1845 he had been a regular contributor to the exhibitions of the Royal Scottish Academy, and in 1861 he came to Edinburgh, where he gained much employment as a portrait-painter, and was elected A.R.S.A. in 1870, and R.S.A. in 1880. His works, which include the portrait of Sir John Steell, R.S.A., in the possession of the Royal Scottish Academy, and that of the Rev. Dr. Lindsay Alexander, in the Scottish National Portrait Gallery, though too often poor in colour and mechanical in handling, have usually the merit of being unmistakable likenesses. About two years before his death he removed to London, where he represented the Royal Scottish Academy as trustee of the British Institution Scholarship Fund, and he died there on 27 Feb. 1888. His sons, R. W. Macbeth, R.A., James Macbeth, and H. Macbeth Raeburn, are also known as painters.
[Catalogues of Royal Scottish Acad.; Ann. Rep. of Royal Scottish Acad. for 1888, &c.]
J. M. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Macbrady, Philip

​MACBRADY, PHILIP (fl. 1710), Irish scholar, commonly called in Irish Pilip Ministeir, Philip the Minister, was born in co. Cavan. He was brought up in the protestant religion, and became vicar of the parish of Inishmagrath, in the diocese of Kilmore. He translated into Irish a sermon preached by Archbishop Tillotson before the king and queen at Hampton Court in April 1689, on St. Luke, x. 42, and this was printed in Irish type, but with a title-page in Roman letters, by Elinor Everingham, with five other sermons, London, 1711, entitled ‘Seanmora ar na priom Phoncibh na na Chreideamh.’ He was a friend of Carolan [q. v.], and wrote an Irish poem addressed to him. He was famous for his wit, and many of his epigrams were current among the country people in Cavan as long as Irish was spoken there. He wrote ‘Fuair me dram don mbrandi laidir’ (‘I got a strong dram of brandy’); the epitaph on Parson Pryx, ‘Ar an cuigeamh la fichet don mi abhra, se chaill teampul Chriost a bhall feabhra;’ his De Profundis over a dead man, ‘A Rois MicCaba an ait sean budhleat’ (‘O Rose MacCabe, the old place will be thine’); and a beautiful verse on seeing his daughter weep at the report of the death of a youth. He suspected it was her lover, and asked why she wept. ‘Some snuff I was taking,’ was her reply, but her father saw the true cause, recited this Irish verse, sent for the youth, and consented to the marriage. He was so popular with the native Irish for his wit and his literary accomplishments in their language, that his protestantism was sometimes suspected.
[Seanmora, London, 1711, often called from the author of the preface Richardson's Sermons; Irish verses, &c., in manuscript, 1824–7, copied from various older manuscripts, or from oral repetition by Peter Galegan, a schoolmaster, 1824–7, at Carnaross and other places on the borders of Meath and Cavan.]
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Macbeth (d.1057)

​MACBETH (d. 1057), king of Scotland, son of Finlay, was apparently one of the sub-kings who submitted to Canute in the reign of Malcolm II [q. v.] in 1032. He was a Mormaer, or district chief, in Moray, and became commander of the forces of Duncan, king of Scotland. But he rebelled against his master, slew him at Dunsinane in Perthshire, and took his kingdom on 14 Aug. 1040. His ally, the Norse Jarl Thorfin, became the chief power in the north-east, possessing, according to the probably exaggerated statement of the ‘Orkney Saga,’ ‘nine earldoms in Scotland, the Sudreys (or Hebrides), and a great kingdom in Ireland.’ Macbeth's wife, Gruach, was daughter of Boete, son of Kenneth, and grand-niece of another Boete, son of Kenneth, slain in 1037 by Malcolm II. Through his marriage Macbeth had thus perhaps acquired a claim to the Scottish throne. He seems to have represented the Celtic and northern element in the population as against Duncan and his family, who were gradually drawing south and connecting themselves by intermarriage and customs with the Saxons of England and Lothian.
In 1050 Macbeth went to Rome and distributed money broadcast (seminando) among the poor (Marianus Scotus), perhaps to obtain the pope's absolution, as Thorfin is said to have done in the same year (Orkney Saga). He also conferred on the Culdees of Lochleven the lands of Kirkness and Bolgyn. In 1054 Siward, earl of Northumbria, the maternal uncle or cousin of Malcolm Canmore [q. v.], son of Duncan, invaded Scotland, and defeated Macbeth on 27 July, the day of the seven sleepers. This victory, according to Florence of Worcester, enabled Siward to establish Malcolm as king of Cumbria. Siward advanced by land and sea (the Firth of Tay), and though he is said by the ‘Saxon Chronicle’ to have won a stoutly contested battle, did not effect his object of driving Macbeth from the throne. Macbeth still maintained his power north of the Mounth, but three years later, after the death of Siward, Malcolm himself succeeded in defeating and slaying Macbeth at Lumphanan in Mar on 15 Aug. 1057, and Earl Thorfin having died in the same year (Skene, Celtic Scotland, p. 412), Malcolm reacquired the whole of his father's kingdom. For this defeat and its result we have the independent evidence of Marianus Scotus, the Scottish monk of Cologne, and Tighernac, the Irish annalist, both contemporaries. Macbeth left a nephew, Lulach, son of Gilcomgain, called the Idiot (Fatuus), who was killed by Malcolm in the following year by ambuscade or treachery (per dolum) at Essie in Strathbogie. The Macbeth of Shakespeare was drawn from Holinshed's ‘Chronicle of Scotland.’ Holinshed followed the history of Hector Boece, who copied and enlarged the narrative in Wyntoun's ‘Chronicle.’
Æ. M.