OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Watts v. Seward School Board (391 U.S. 592)

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
391 U.S. 592
Watts et al. v. Seward School Board et al.
Certiorari to the Supreme Court of Alaska
No. 325. Argued: March 26, 1968 --- Decided: June 3, 1968
421 P. 2d 586, 423 P. 2d 678, vacated and remanded.
George Kaufmann argued the cause and filed briefs for petitioners.
Theodore M. Pease, Jr., argued the cause and filed a brief for respondents.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Watts v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, quotes, Wikidata item.

## Concurring Opinion

    Douglas

## Dissenting Opinion

    Fortas
United States Supreme Court
394 U.S. 705
Watts v. United States
Argued: April 21, 1969. ---
Joseph Forer, for petitioner.
Solicitor General Griswold, for the United States.
Ralph J. Temple, Melvin L. Wulf and Lawrence Speiser, for the American Civil Liberties Union and others, as amici curiae.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Watts v. United States/Dissent Fortas

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Per Curiam Opinion of the Court
* Concurring Opinion Douglas
* Dissenting Opinion Fortas
* Wikipedia article
United States Supreme Court
394 U.S. 705
Watts v. United States
Argued: April 21, 1969. ---
Mr. Justice FORTAS, with whom Mr. Justice HARLAN joins, dissenting.
The Court holds, without hearing, that this statute is constitutional and that it is here wrongly applied. Neither of these rulings should be made without hearing, even if we assume that they are correct.
Perhaps this is a trivial case because of its peculiar facts and because the petitioner was merely given a suspended sentence. That does not justify the Court's action. It should induce us to deny certiorari, not to decide the case on its merits and to adjudicate the difficult questions that it presents.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Watts v. Seward School Board (391 U.S. 592)/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Per Curiam Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
391 U.S. 592
Watts v. Seward School Board
Argued: March 26, 1968. ---
The judgment, 421 P.2d 586; 423 P.2d 678, is vacated and the case is remanded to the Supreme Court of Alaska for further consideration in light of Pickering v. Board of Education of Township High School District 205, Will County, Illinois, 391 U.S. 563, 88 S.Ct. 1731, 20 L.Ed.2d 811.
Mr. Justice DOUGLAS, with whom Mr. Justice BLACK joins, would reverse the judgment outright for the reasons stated by him in Pickering v. Board of Education, 391 U.S., p. 575, 88 S.Ct., p. 1738, 20 L.Ed. 811.
Mr. Justice WHITE dissents.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Wilmington Transportation Company v. Railroad Commission of California

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
236 U.S. 151
Wilmington Transportation Company v. Railroad Commission of California
Argued: December 15 and 16, 1914. --- Decided: February 1, 1915
Messrs. Edward E. Bacon and James A. Gibson for plaintiff in error.
Messrs. Max Thelen, Douglas Brookman, and Allan P. Matthew for defendant in error.
Mr. Justice Hughes delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Wilmington Star Mining Company v. Fulton

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
205 U.S. 60
Wilmington Star Mining Company v. Fulton
Argued: and submitted January 7, 1907. --- Decided: March 4, 1907
Messrs. William P. Sidley, Charles S. Holt, and Arthur D. Wheeler for plaintiff in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 60-62 intentionally omitted]
Messrs. Arthur J. Eddy, P. C. Haley, and E. C. Wetten for defendant in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 62-64 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice White delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Wilmette Park District v. Campbell

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
338 U.S. 411
Wilmette Park Dist v. Campbell
Argued: Nov. 15, 16, 1949. --- Decided: Dec 12, 1949
Mr. Henry J. Brandt, Chicago, Ill., for petitioner.
Mr. Lee A. Jackson, Washington, D.C., for respondent.
Mr. Justice CLARK delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Who's Who in the Far East/LEVECQUE, Ernest Fernand

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​ LEVECQUE, Ernest Fernand ( HANOI), Directeur Adjoint Administration des Douanes et Regies; b. Sept. 2, 1852. Entree 1'Administration, Feb., 10, 1900. Decoration: Chevalier de la Legion d'Honneur. Address: Hanoi, Tonkin, Indo-China.
# Who's Who in the Far East/LEWIS, Robert Ellsworth

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​ LEWIS, Robert Ellsworth (SHANHAI), M.A.; Sec. of International Committee of Y.M.C.A.; b. Sept. 29, 1869, at Berkshire, Vermont, U.S.A.; Educ.: Brigham Academy; State University, Vermont, M.A., 1899; College Secretary, Mass., R.I., and Boston, 1894-96; Travelling Secretary, S.V.M., Canada and U.S.A., 1896-97; Secretary, International Committee of Y.M.C.A., since 1898; Travelling Secretary, China, 1898-1900; attached to American Army, relief of Peking, 1900 (mentioned in despatches). Publications: " The Educational Conquest of the Far East". Address: 2, Barchet Road, Shanghai, China.
# Who's Who in the Far East/LE CAMUS, Lieut. -Colonel Michel M. V.

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​ LE CAMUS, Lieut.-Colonel Michel M. V. (HANOI), Commandant 4e Territoire Militaire et Cercles. Decoration: Chevalier de la Legion d'Honneur. Address: Hanoi, Tonkin, Indo-China.
# Who's Who in the Far East/LEVY, Georges

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​ LEVY, Georges (HANOI), Substitut de Procureur General; b. Nov. 15, 1861. Entree 1'Administration, Juin 30, 1886; substitut de Procureur General, Sept. 5, 1898. Decoration: Officier de 1'Instruction Publiqne. Address: Hanoi, Tonkin, Indo-China.
# Who's Who in the Far East/LEVERING, Martin Murrey

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​ LEVERING, Martin Murrey (CEBU), Attorney and Counsellor at law b. April 6, 1871; m. July 31, 1895, Nettie Davis. Educ.: Public and Normal Schools, Cal., U.S.A. First American lawyer to practise in Philippine Islands; organised American Chamber of Commerce, Manila; organised, and is Secretary of Cebu Chamber of Commerce; founder and principal owner, Cebn Telephone Co.; founder and principal owner, Visayan Electric Co. Club: United Service. Address: S, Calle Legaspi, Cebu, Philippine Islands.
# Who's Who in the Far East/LEWIS, Edward Cornewall Lynch

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​ LEWIS, Edward Cornewall Lynch (HONGKONG), Civil Service, Assistant Postmaster General; b. Jan. 24, 1863. Held Official appointments previous to coming to Hongkong in 1899 in the Islands of St. Vincent and Grenada. Address: 5 Victoria View, Kowloon, Hongkong.
# Who's Who in the Far East/LE ROY, Joseph Pierre Marie

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​ LE ROY, Joseph Pierre Marie (Cambodge), Resident; Administrator, 2nd class; b. Jan. 15, 1865; Joined Indo-China Civil Service, June 22, 1887; Administrator, 4th class, Aug. 12, 1895; Administrator. 3rd class, Mar. 1, 1899; Administrator, 2nd class,.Jan. 1, 1904; Address: Cambodge. Indo-China.
# Who's Who in the Far East/LEWIS, John E. A.

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​ LEWIS, John E. A. (SARAWAK), B.A.; Resident, 2nd class; Judge, Supreme Court; Member of General ​Council of Sarawak, etc.; b. March 22, 1862. Educ.: Privately, and at Caius College, Cambridge, took degree in 1883. Appointed extra officer. Sarawak Civil Service, in Oct., 188C; appointed Magistrate, Manager of Government Printing Office, and Editor," Sarawak Gazette," Aug., 1888; Acting Inspector of Police and Prisons, Nov., 1889, to May, 1890, and Sept., 1894, to Dec., 1895; Clerk to General Council, 1897; appointed Resident, 2nd class, 1898. Clubs: Oxford and Cambridge; "Pall Mall," and Sarawak. Address: Kuching, Sarawak, North Borneo.
# Who's Who in the Far East/LE FEVRE, Thomas

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​ LE FEVRE, Thomas (SEREMIBAN), Surveyor; b. Jan. 16, 1879. Settlement Officer, Seremban, 1898-1900; District Surveyor, do, 1902; 1st. grade Surveyor, do, 1903. Address: Seremban, Negri Sembilan, Federated Malay States.
# Who's Who in the Far East/LE VASSEUR, Alfred

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​ LE VASSEUR, Alfred (HAIPHONG) Publicist, Manager, Proprietor and Chief Editor of " Courrier d'Haiphong"; b. July 19, 1857. Educ.: Paris, Lyceum Louis-le-Grand. After finishing studies made stay of one year in Germany; went back to France to undergo military service; delegated in 1880-81 to ​Melbourne Exhibition; on return to France connected with " Le Globe "; gave numerous lectures under patronage of French League of Instruction; went to Tonkin as reserve officer (expeditionary corps of Tonkin); appointed in 1887, to civil service of Indo -China; resigned in 1889 to establish the "Inlependance Tonkinoise"; elected Municipal Councillor of Hanoi in 1391; elected delegate of Annain-Tonkin at Superior Council of the Colonies when he succeeded Jules Terry in 1893, and went to France to fulfil his mandate; on return to Indo-China in 1896, established the "Indo-Chine Francaise;" returned to France in 1897 on private business; was candidate in 1898, in 18th district of Paris, at elections for Chamber of Deputies, obtained 1652 votes; went to Algeria in 1899; editor (1899-1900) of "Depeche Algerienne"; attache in 1901 to Cabinet of Governor General, in charge of newspaper service; returned in 1904, to Tonkin, to assume position of Chief Editor of " Courrier d'Haiphong; became in Nov., same year, Manager; Proprietor in June, 1905 turned paper into daily. Publications: " Les Croquis Contemporains" (Paris, 1880). Numerous articles in Parisian newspapers. Decorations; Academy Officer; Tonkin medal; Knight of Annam Dragon; Officer of Royal Order of Cambodge. Address: 67, Boulevard Bonnal, Haiphong, Indo-China.
# White Paper on Indian States (1950)/Part 5/Provincially-merged States/States Merged in East Punjab

​106. States Merged in East Punjab.—Loharu, Dujana and Pataudi were tiny States within the boundaries of East Punjab. Geographically and for all administrative purposes these States formed part of East Punjab. The Rulers agreed to merge their States with East Punjab and signed the necessary agreements on 17th February, 3rd March and 18th March, 1948, respectively. The administration of these States was taken over soon after by the East Punjab Government. These three States together form an area of 370 square miles with a population of about 80,000.
# White Paper on Indian States (1950)/Part 6/Paramount Power's Negative Attitude

Paramount Power's Negative Attitude
150. For this state of political stagnancy in States, the negative attitude of the Paramount Power was greatly responsible. Secured against internal commotion under the protection guaranteed to them by the British Government, the Rulers had no incentive to part with power and to establish self-governing institutions in the States. The British Government's attitude towards constitutional advance in States, as officially stated in the House of Commons, was that while the British Government "should certainly not obstruct proposals for constitutional advance initiated by the Ruler", it had "no intention of bringing any form of pressure to bear upon them to initiate constitutional changes. It rests with the Rulers themselves to decide what form of Government they should adopt in the diverse conditions of Indian States".
151. The justification for this policy of laissez-faire was sought in the theory that the engagements of the Crown had been with the Rulers and not with the people. Proceeding on this basis, the Paramount Power ignored all popular movements and organisations States; the Butler Committee took no notice of the States Peoples' Conference; at the Round Table Conference only the Rulers and their representatives were invited. Finally the Act of 1935 conceded the demand of the Rulers that the States should be represented on the Federal Legislature by the nominees of the Rulers and not by elected representatives of the people. In the impressive array of the rights, privileges and prerogatives of the Rulers, witnessed during the negotiations relating to the scheme of 1935, the rights of the people were conspicuous by their absence.
The attitude of the Princes on such important political issues was derivative. No wonder, therefore that some of the Rulers openly advocated the untenable view that any scheme for the transfer of power to the people would be inconsistent with their treaty obligations. This background was not propitious for constitutional advance in States.
# White Paper on Indian States (1950)/Part 6

Part VI
DEMOCRATISATION OF STATES
* CONTENTS
* Pages
* Absolutist Regime under the former set-up••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••59
* Paramount Power's Negative Attitude••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••60
* Government of India's Approach; Transfer of Power to People••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••60
# White Paper on Indian States (1950)/Part 6/Absolutist Regime under the former set-up

Absolutist regime under the former set-up
148. The institution of Indian Rulership as it existed under British rule was essentially based on the personal autocracy of the Ruler. Unlike the official autocracy, by which British India was governed before the Montague-Chelmsford reforms, and which was exercised indirectly by the official agents of a distant authority, the Ruler was on the spot and his rule was direct and personal. Subject to the over-riding authority of the Paramount Power and, to a certain extent in a limited number of cases, to the prescriptive rights and privileges of the nobles of his class, the Ruler was virtually the State. He was the source of all authority in theory as well as in practice. In his discretion he sometimes chose to rule through Ministers or Advisers; at any time he was free to remove them and to take up the reins of the administration himself. Several Rulers administered their States directly, and some of them did so with ability and to the benefit of their people.
149. The growth of parliamentary institutions in the Provinces heightened the contrast between the form of their government and the Governments of States and stimulated, during the last phase of British rule in India, some activity in the direction of the establishment of representative institutions in the States. However, the approach of the Rulers to this vital problem was half-hearted and the advance in the direction of the constitutional reform of States was halting and tardy. Representative Assemblies and Councils were established only in certain progressive States. These bodies met rarely and for only short periods; they were consulted more as a matter of courtesy than of right, and their advice was not binding on the Ruler. These institutions served to create an illusion of democracy while retaining the autocratic set-up with the help of large blocks o£ members nominated by the executive. "The point of advance", writes Coupland, "reached by 1937—to speak only of the more progressive States—lay roughly between the points reached by the Provinces in 1909 and 1919". The period between 1937 and 1947 was one of political stalemate; the political conditions in States in 1947, therefore, showed no appreciable improvement on Coupland's assessment of the situation in 1937. The position on the eve of transfer of power to India was that in most cases autocracy continued unmasked and in a few States it was covered by a thin veneer of democratic facade On the whole, the Ruler's absolutism was the dominant note of the polity of States.
# Wessex Poems and Other Verses/Postponement

POSTPONEMENT
SNOW-BOUND in woodland, a mournful word, Dropt now and then from the bill of a bird, Reached me on wind-wafts; and thus I heard, Wearily waiting:—
“I planned her a nest in a leafless tree, But the passers eyed and twitted me, And said: 'How reckless a bird is he, Cheerily mating!'
"Fear-filled, I stayed me till summer-tide, In lewth of leaves to throne her bride; But alas! her love for me waned and died, Wearily waiting.
"Ah, had I been like some I see, Born to an evergreen nesting-tree, None had eyed and twitted me, Cheerily mating!"
1866.
# Wessex Poems and Other Verses/San Sebastian

SAN SEBASTIAN
(August 1813)
With Thoughts of Sergeant M——— (Pensioner), who died 185-
# Wessex Poems and Other Verses/Lines

LINES
BEFORE we part to alien thoughts and aims, Permit the one brief word the occasion claims; —When mumming and grave projects are allied, Perhaps an Epilogue is justified.
Our under-purpose has, in truth, to-day Commanded most our musings; least the play:
A purpose futile but for your good-will Swiftly responsive to the cry of ill: A purpose all too limited!—to aid Frail human flowerets, sicklied by the shade, In winning some short spell of upland breeze, Or strengthening sunlight on the level leas.
Who has not marked, where the full check should be, Incipient lines of lank flaccidity, Lymphatic pallor where the pink should glow, And where the throb of transport, pulses low?— Most tragical of shapes from Pole to Line, O wondering child, unwitting Time's design, Why should Art add to Nature's quandary, And worsen ill by thus immuring thee? —That races can do despite to their own, That Might supernal do indeed condone Wrongs individual for the general ease, Instance the proof in victims such as these.
Launched into thoroughfares too thronged before, Mothered by those whose protest is “No more!" Vitalized without option: who shall say That did Life hang on choosing—Yea or Nay— They had not scorned it with such penalty, And nothingness implored of Destiny?
And yet behind the horizon smile serene The down, the cornland, and the stretching green— Space—the child's heaven: scenes which at least ensure Some palliative for ill they cannot cure.
Dear friends—now moved by this poor show of ours To make your own long joy in buds and bowers
For one brief while the joy of infant eyes, Changing their urban murk to paradise— You have our thanks!—may your reward include More than our thanks, far more: their gratitude.
# Wessex Poems and Other Verses/Neutral Tones

NEUTRAL TONES
WE stood by a pond that winter day, And the sun was white, as though chidden of God, And a few leaves lay on the starving sod, —They had fallen from an ash, and were gray.
Your eyes on me were as eyes that rove Over tedious riddles solved years ago: And some words played between us to and fro— On which lost the more by our love.
The smile on your mouth was the deadest thing Alive enough to have strength to die; And a grin of bitterness swept thereby Like an ominous bird a-wing. . . .
Since then, keen lessons that love deceives, And wrings with wrong, have shaped to me Your face, and the God-curst sun, and a tree, And a pond edged with grayish leaves.
1867.
# Wessex Poems and Other Verses/Middle-Age Enthusiasms

MIDDLE-AGE ENTHUSIASMS
To M. H.
WE passed where flag and flower Signalled a jocund throng; We said: "Go to, the hour Is apt!"—and joined the song; And, kindling, laughed at life and care, Although we know no laugh lay there.
We walked where shy birds stood Watching us, wonder-dumb;
Their friendship met our mood; We cried: "We'll often come: We'll come morn, noon, eve, everywhen!" —We doubted we should come again.
We joyed to see strange sheens Leap from quaint leaves in shade; A secret light of greens They'd for their pleasure made. We said: “We'll set such sorts as these!" —We knew with night the wish would cease.
"So sweet the place," we said, "Its tacit tales so dear, Our thoughts, when breath has sped, Will meet and mingle here!" . . . "Words!" mused we. "Passed the mortal door, Our thoughts will reach this nook no more."
# Wessex Poems and Other Verses/Revulsion

REVULSION
THOUGH I waste watches framing words to fetter Some spirit to mine own in clasp and kiss, Out of the night there looms a sense 'twere better To fail obtaining whom one fails to miss.
For winning love we win the risk of losing, And losing love is as one's life were riven; It cuts like contumely and keen ill-using To cede what was superfluously given.
Let me then feel no more the fateful thrilling That devastates the love-worn wooer's frame, The hot ado of fevered hopes, the chilling That agonizes disappointed aim! So may I live no junctive law fulfilling, And my heart's table bear no woman's name.
1866.
# Wessex Poems and Other Verses/Nature's Questioning

NATURE'S QUESTIONING
WHEN I look forth at dawning, pool, Field, flock, and lonely tree, All seem to look at me Like chastened children sitting silent in a school;
Their faces dulled, constrained, and worn, As though the master's ways Through the long teaching days Their first terrestrial zest had chilled and overborne.
And on them stirs, in lippings mere (As if once clear in call, But now scarce breathed at all)— "We wonder, ever wonder, why we find us here!
"Has some Vast Imbecility, Mighty to build and blend, But impotent to tend, Framed us in jest, and left us now to hazardry?
"Or come we of an Automaton Unconscious of our pains? . . . Or are we live remains Of Godhead dying downwards, brain and eye now gone?
"Or is it that some high Plan betides, As yet not understood, Of Evil stormed by Good, We the Forlorn Hope over which Achievement strides?"
Thus things around. No answerer I. . . . Meanwhile the winds, and rains, And Earth's old glooms and pains Are still the same, and gladdest Life Death neighbors nigh.