OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Steiger, Ernst

Edition of 1900.
​STEIGER, Ernst, German-American bibliographer, b. in Gastewitz, Saxony, 4 Oct., 1832. He was trained as a book-seller, emigrated in 1855 to New York city, and in 1863 opened an independent business. He became the publisher of important works of German-Americans and of language text-books, and also a manufacturer and importer of all that belongs to the Kindergarten system. Mr. Steiger is the author of “Der Nachdruck in Nordamerika” (New York, 1860); “Das Copyright-Law in den Vereinigten Staaten” (1869); and “Periodical Literature,” a bibliography (1873).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Stein, Conrad

Edition of 1900.
​STEIN, Conrad (stine), German historian, b. in Heidelberg in 1701: d. in Breslau in 1762. He was for many years professor of history in the University of Breslau, and afterward made researches in the state and private libraries of Europe and America upon the ancient history of the latter continent. His works include “Abhandlung über die Atlantida der Alten, und ihren Zusammenhang mit Amerika” (Breslau, 1750); “Geschichte der Entdeckungen durch Scandinavische Seeleute vom 12ten zum 15ten Jahrhunderte” (1754); “Geschichte der deutschen Ansiedelungen in Nord-Amerika ” (1755); “Abhandlung über die Spanischen Eroberer Cortes, Pizarro, und Almagro” (1757); “Historische Notizen über die Eroberung von Venezuela durch die Welser” (1758); “Kurze Beschreibung von Amerika” (1759); and “Abhandlung über die Indianer-Rasse oder Rothhaute, deren Geschichte und Zusammenhang mit der germanischen Rasse” (1760).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Stearns, Joseph Barker

Edition of 1900.
STEARNS, Joseph Barker, electrical engineer, b. in Weld, Me., 28 Feb., 1831. As a youth he worked on a farm, but became a telegraph operator, and in 1855-'67 was superintendent of the Boston fire-alarm telegraph company. During this time he made many inventions that were of value in developing the fire-alarm telegraph as it is now used in the United States. In 1868 he invented and patented the duplex system of telegraphy, which is now used throughout the world, and for which he obtained royalties from the British, French, Italian, Russian, Spanish, and Indian governments, and from the several submarine cable companies. In 1879-'80 he was employed as engineer by the Mexican telegraph company in making, laying, and putting into operation the cables of that company between Galveston, Tex., and Vera Cruz, Mexico, and in 1881 he performed a similar service for the Central and South American telegraph company, whose cables extend from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in Mexico to Callao, Peru, in all between 4,000 and 5,000 miles. This work he completed in 1882; and he has for some years resided in Camden, Me., where his residence contains a library of 10,000 volumes, and his collection of Chiriqui pottery, which has been exhibited at the Smithsonian institution in Washington; and his collection of carved ivories at the Metropolitan museum of art in New York. The latter is among the largest collections of the kind ever made.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Stebbins, Rufus Phineas

Edition of 1900.
STEBBINS, Rufus Phineas, clergyman, b. at South Wilbraham, Mass., 8 March, 1810; d. at Cambridge, Mass., 13 Aug., 1885. After graduating from Amherst in the class of 1834, he studied theology at the Harvard divinity school. He was ordained as pastor of a Unitarian church at Leominster, Mass., 20 Sept., 1837, where he remained until 1844. He held a pastorate at Meadville, Pa., from 1844-'9, and was president of the theological seminary there from 1844-'56. He then held various pastorates, and at the First Unitarian church, Newton, Mass., from 1877 till his death. He was the author of a history of Wilbraham, Mass. (Boston, 1864); “Study of the Pentateuch” (1881); “Common-Sense View of the Books of the Old Testament” (1885); and numerous addresses. Harvard university gave him the degree of D. D.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Steendam, Jacob

Edition of 1900.
​STEENDAM, Jacob, Dutch poet, b.in Holland in 1616. It is uncertain when or where he died. He came to the colony of New Amsterdam about 1632, and stayed there till 1662, when he returned to Holland. During his residence in the Dutch settlement he owned farms at Amersfort and Mespath, a house and lot on what is now Pearl street, and another on Broadway. He left Holland several years after his return, and made a voyage to Batavia, where he may possibly have died. The little that is known of him is due to the researches of Henry C. Murphy, who, when he was U. S. minister to the Hague, discovered some poems written by Steendam on New Amsterdam, and had them printed with an English version in the same metre. The work is entitled “Jacob Steendam noch vaster. A Memoir of the First Poet in New Netherlands, with his Poems descriptive of the Colony” (The Hague, 1861). The poems are “Complaint of New Amsterdam, in New Netherlands, to her Mother, of her Beginning, Growth, and Present Condition,” and “The Praise of New Netherlands: Spurring Verses to the Lovers of the Colony and Brothership to be established on the South River of New Netherland. Peter Cornelison Plockhoy, of Ziereckzee.”
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Steckel, Louis Joseph Réné

Edition of 1900.
​STECKEL, Louis Joseph Réné, Canadian civil engineer, b. in Wintzenheim, Alsace, 6 Sept., 1844. He was educated at Benfeld, Alsace, and at Laval university, Quebec. He came to Quebec in 1807, and in the following year went to the western part of the United States, remaining till 1860, when he returned to Quebec. After studying civil engineering in Laval university, he practised his profession successfully, and has been chief clerk of the engineering branch of the department of public works, Canada, since July, 1880. In addition to other important work, he carried on extensive hydrographic surveys in 1881-'2 of St. Lawrence ship-channel between Quebec and Cap à la Roche, and from 1884 till 1887 extensive geodetic levelling operations along Richelieu and St. Lawrence rivers, from Lake Champlain to tide-water in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. He invented in 1868 a perfected flute, called the “Harmonic flute,” and exhibited at the Indian and colonial exhibition, in London in 1886, a piccolo constructed on his system, and geodetic rods as perfected by him. He has published “Treatise on Geometry and Trigonometry” (Quebec, 1866), and “Essay on the Contracted Liquid Vein affecting the Present Theory of the Science of Hydraulics” (Ottawa, 1884).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Steinbel, Roger Nelson

Edition of 1900.
​STEINBEL, Roger Nelson, naval officer, b. in Middleton, Md., 27 Dec., 1810. He entered the navy as a midshipman, 27 March, 1832, and cruised in the schooner “Porpoise” when she was wrecked near Vera Cruz in 1833. He was on duty in New York at the naval school in 1834-'8, and became a passed midshipman, 23 June, 1838. He was commissioned lieutenant, 23 Oct., 1843, served in the coast survey until 1847, and then was on the Brazil station, on special duty in Washington, and in the steamer “Mississippi,” on the East India station, in 1857-'9. When the civil war began he went to Cincinnati to fit out river gun-boats, and then rendered good service in the Mississippi river flotilla. He commanded the river gun-boat “Lexington” at Belmont when Gen. Grant's force was defeated and saved by the gun-boats in November, 1861. From August, 1861, until May, 1862, he participated in several engagements, and contributed greatly to the successes and victories at Lucas Bend, 9 Sept., 1861, Fort Henry, 6 Feb., 1862, Island No. 10 from 16 March until its capture on 7 April, 1862, and in the action with the rams at Fort Pillow in May, 1862. In this last engagement his vessel, the “Cincinnati,” was sunk, and he was seriously wounded. He then had special duty at Philadelphia and Pittsburg until 1865. He was commissioned captain, 25 July, 1866, and commanded the “Canandaigua” in the Mediterranean in 1866-'7. He next served at the rendezvous in Boston, and was commissioned commodore, 13 July, 1870, and appointed commander-in-chief of the Pacific squadron in 1872. He was retired on 27 Dec., 1872, and subsequently promoted to rear-admiral on the retired list, 5 June, 1874.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Starling, Lyne

Edition of 1900.
STARLING, Lyne, philanthropist, b. in Mecklenburg county, Va., 27 Dec., 1784; d. in Columbus, Ohio, 21 Nov., 1848. He removed to Ohio in early life, was a founder of Columbus, capital of the state, and, acquiring large wealth, devoted much of it to benevolent objects. He left a large sum to establish in Columbus the Starling medical college and hospital. It is a Gothic edifice of whitish limestone, and is among the most ornamental buildings in the city.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Steenstra, Peter Henry

Edition of 1900.
​STEENSTRA, Peter Henry, clergyman, b. near Francker, Friesland, Netherlands, 24 Jan., 1833. He emigrated to the United States and entered Shurtleff college, Ill., where he was graduated in 1858. He then became a minister in the Baptist church, but afterward united with the Episcopalians, and was appointed rector of Grace church, Newton, Mass., in 1864. He became professor of Hebrew and Old and New Testament exegesis in the Episcopal theological school of Cambridge. Mass., in 1868. He translated and edited “Judges” and “Ruth” in the American edition of Lange's “Commentary” (New York, 1872). The degree of D. D. was conferred on him by Shurtleff college in 1882.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Sumner, Charles Allen

Edition of 1900.
​SUMNER, Charles Allen, stenographer, b. in Great Barrington, Mass., 2 Aug., 1835. His father, Judge Increase Sumner, was a distant relative of the Increase that is noted elsewhere. The son studied at Trinity, but was not graduated. He subsequently studied law, and was admitted to the bar, but his chief attention was given to the practice of stenography. In 1856 he sailed for California, and reported for the legislature in 1857-'61. He settled at San Francisco, and between the legislative sessions he was engaged in the state and county courts, in law-reporting, and general editorial duties till 1860, when he entered the Republican canvass. The following year he edited the “Herald and Mirror,” in which his opposition to the “Shafter” land bill succeeded in defeating it. Removing to Virginia City, Nev., Mr. Sumner was made assistant-quartermaster in the U. S. forces in 1862, became colonel in 1864, and served as state senator in 1865-'8, being president pro tempore during one session. Meanwhile he had been twice an unsuccessful Republican candidate for congress. He returned to San Francisco in 1868, and began to advocate a government postal telegraph in the “Herald,” of which he was editor. After this he was appointed official note-taker of the city, and in 1875 and 1880 official reporter of the supreme court. In 1878 he was defeated as a Democratic candidate for congress, but he was elected in 1882. There he opposed the Pacific railroads, and introduced a postal telegraph bill. Trinity gave him the degree of A. M. in 1887. He has published “Shorthand and Reporting” (New York, 1882); “Golden Gate Sketches” (1884); “Travel in Southern Europe” (1885); and “Sumners' Poems,” with his brother, Samuel B. Summer (1887).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Stryker, William Scudder

Edition of 1900.
​STRYKER, William Scudder, soldier, b. in Trenton, N. J., 6 June, 1838, was graduated at Princeton in 1858, and began the study of law. In the beginning of the civil war he assisted in organizing the 14th New Jersey volunteers, and in February, 1863, was ordered to Hilton Head, S. C., where he served as aide to Gen. Quincy A. Gillmore, with the rank of major, participating in the capture of Morris Island and in the night attack on Fort Wagner. Returning to the north on account of illness, he became senior paymaster in charge of all disbursements in the district of Columbus, Ohio, was brevetted lieutenant-colonel for meritorious services, and resigned on 30 June, 1866. Soon afterward he was placed on the military staff of the governor of New Jersey, and since 12 April, 1867, he has filled the office of adjutant-general of the state. He was admitted to the bar in 1866, and for some time was president of the Trenton banking company. Gen. Stryker has compiled a “Roster of Jerseymen in the Revolutionary War” (Trenton, 1872) and a “Roster of New Jersey Volunteers in the Civil War” (1876). He has also published many monographs relating to the history of New Jersey, among these being “The Reed Controversy” (Trenton, 1876); “New Jersey Continental Line in the Virginia Campaign of 1781” (1882); “New Jersey Continental Line in the Indian Campaign of 1779” (1885); and “The New Jersey Volunteers (Loyalists) in the Revolutionary War” (1887).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Stryker, John

Edition of 1900.
​STRYKER, John, soldier, b. 2 March, 1740; d. near Millstone, N. J., 25 March, 1776. At the beginning of the Revolutionary war he was commissioned a captain of a troop of light horse in the Somerset county, N. J., militia, and afterward attached to the state troops. He was a zealous patriot during the entire war and performed conspicuous service whenever the British foraging parties attempted to raid into the Jerseys. He had the confidence of the public to an unusual degree, especially in that portion of New Jersey around Millstone, Somerset co., where he owned a large inherited estate. His family mansion still remains to this day. — His son, Peter I., practised as a physician in Millstone and Somerville, was afterward a judge, and during three sessions was president of the New Jersey senate, and by virtue of this office acted for several months as governor of the state. — His grand-nephew, James, jurist, b. at Staten island, N. Y., 2 Jan., 1792; d. in Sharon Conn., 3 June, 1864. He was graduated at Columbia in 1809, studied law with De Witt Clinton, and began practice in New York city at the age of twenty-one. During the war with Great Britain in 1812-'15 he served as a captain. He removed to Buffalo in 1830, having been appointed judge of the court of Erie county, and retained that post for ten years. He edited for several years the Buffalo “Republic,” and he also founded and conducted the “American Quarterly Register and Magazine” (6 vols., Philadelphia, 1848-'51).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Supplement

Pen-names, nicknames, and sobriquets. List of deaths in volumes I to VI of the original edition. Analytical index. The index is omitted here. In the 1889 edition, the supplement is part of Volume VI; in the 1900 edition, it is a separate Volume VII.
* D. Appleton & Company
| | Supplement | Supplement | |
| A - G | H - O | P - T | U - Z |
| Preface (supplement) Altgeld, John Peter Astor, John Jacob (capitalist) Atherton, Gertrude Franklin Atkinson, Edward Austin, Jane Goodwin Avery, Elroy McKendree Bellamy, Edward Belmont, August (banker) Berendt, Karl Hermann Bierce, Ambrose Bigelow, Frank Hagar Bingham, Edmund Franklin Bishop, Richard Moore Boott, Kirk Brice, Calvin Stewart Burrage, Henry Sweetzer Cornstalk Cortés, Madariaga José Crawford, Thomas Hartley Darwin, Charles Robert Davenport, Charles Davis, Charles Wilder Dewey, George Este, George Peabody Fletcher, Alice Cunningham Flickinger, Daniel Kumler Floersheim, Otto French, Alice Frevet, William Alfred Frick, Henry Clay Fuller, Melville Weston Gallinger, Jacob Harold Garibaldi, Giuseppe Gerhardt, Karl Gorham, Shubael | Harmon, Judson Hillebrand, William Francis Hillern, Bertha von Humboldt, Friedrich Heinrich Alexander von Kipling, Rudyard Kobbé, William August Kohut, Alexander Krekel, Arnold Le Flore, Basil Leger, Jacques Nicolas Lehmann, Lilli Leiter, Levi Zeigler Lippe, Adolph Loewenstern, Isidore Lowell, Percival Lybrand, Archibald McEnery, Samuel Douglas McFarland, Asa Macmonnies, Frederick Martí, José Julián Mills, Roger Quarles Mills, Sebastian Bach Molly, Captain Moss, Frank Mott, Richard Mowbray, Harry Siddons Muir, John Mundy, Johnson Marchant Nash, George Kilbon Ordway, Alfred Oronhyatekha Ouasakeurat | Parker, Alton Brooks Parker, Horatio Gilbert Parker, Quanah Peabody, Charles Augustus Pool, Maria Louise Potts, Benjamin Franklin Price, John Charles Proctor, John Robert Putnam, Herbert Putnam, Samuel Porter Reed, Caroline Gallup Reich, Jacques Sanger, William Wallace Schley, Winfield Scott (supplement) Schmidt, Gustavus Schweinitz, Emil Alexander de Seattle Seawell, Molly Elliot Seidl, Anton Seligman, Edwin Robert Anderson Snow, Lorenzo Snyder, Simon (soldier) Sobieski, Eugene Thaddeus Standalus John Sousa, John Philip Starling, Lyne Stearns, Joseph Barker Stebbins, Rufus Phineas Steinway, William Storer, Bellamy (diplomat) Taft, William Howard Tesla, Nikola Thanet, Octave | Ulke, Henry Ulrich, Edward Oscar Ulshoeffer, Michael Underwood, Benjamin Franklin Underwood, Lucien Marcus Unnever, John Gerhard Upton, Winslow Vanderbilt, Cornelius (capitalist) Van der Stucken, Frank Wagner, Madge Morris Wainwright, Richard (junior) Waite, Stand Weik, Jesse William Welsh, Herbert Wiley, John |
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Sumner, Edwin Vose

Edition of 1900.
SUMNER, Edwin Vose, soldier, b. in Boston, Mass., 30 Jan., 1797; d. in Syracuse, N. Y., 21 March, 1863. Young Sumner was educated at Milton (Mass.) academy, and entered the army in 1819 as 2d lieutenant of infantry. He served in the Black Hawk war, became captain of the 2d dragoons in 1833, and was employed on the western frontier, where he distinguished himself as an Indian fighter. In 1838 he was placed in command of the School of cavalry practice at Carlisle, Pa. He was promoted major in 1846, and in the Mexican war led the cavalry charge at Cerro Gordo in April, 1847, commanded the reserves at Contreras and Churubusco, and at the head of the cavalry at Molino del Rey checked the advance of 5,000 Mexican lancers. He was governor of New Mexico in 1851-'3, when he visited Europe to report on improvements in cavalry. In 1855 he was promoted colonel of the 1st cavalry, and made a successful expedition against the Cheyennes. In command of the Department of the West in 1858 he rendered efficient service during the Kansas troubles. In March, 1861, he was appointed brigadier-general in the regular army, and sent to relieve Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston, in command of the Department of the Pacific, but was recalled in the following year to the command of the 1st corps of the Army of the Potomac. He commanded the left wing at the siege of Yorktown. At Fair Oaks, where McClellan's army was divided by the Chickahominy and the left wing was heavily attacked, the orders to Sumner to cross the river and re-enforce that wing found him with his corps drawn out and ready to move instantly. In the seven days' battles he was twice wounded. In 1862 he was appointed major-general of volunteers, led the 2d corps at the battle of Antietam, where he was wounded, and commanded one of the three grand divisions of Burnside's army at Fredericksburg, his division being the first to cross the Rappahannock. At his own request he was relieved in 1863, and, being appointed to the Department of the Missouri, he was on his way thither when he died. He was brevetted lieutenant-colonel for Cerro Gordo, colonel for Molino del Rey, and major-general in the regular army for services before Richmond. Gen. Sumner's last words, as he with great effort waved a glass of wine above his head, were: “God save my country, the United of America.” — His son, Edwin Vose, served with merit through the civil war, and was appointed major of the 5th cavalry in 1879 and inspector of rifle practice. In 1898 he was made brigadier-general of volunteers and ordered to the front.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Suspicious Entries

These are entries for which no confirmation of their existence outside of Appletons' and derived sources (e.g. http://famousamericans.net) has as yet been located, and for which no source has been found which describes them as fictitious.
| | Suspicious Entries | Suspicious Entries | |
| Chel-Ab-Ku-Kil Chignavitcelut, Oxiquieb Chiguaihue Davila, Nepomueno$^d$ Higuaihué Huebner, John Andrew Huehuetemixcatl Huelen Ibercourt, Henry Louis Ietersdorf-Klasten, Gustav von Ihering, Mauritius van Imfreville-Baudry, Louis, Comte d' Ingrande, Jose Domingo Isambert, Henry Iwert, Sebold Jacintha do San José Jacobsen, Simon Jacobson, Christian Juels, Niels Apparently not the admiral. Jügler, Lorenz Jungmann, Bernhardt Kannegieser, Sigismund Keisar, Mauritius van Knapp, Mathias Las Casas, Gonzalo van Loot, Gerard Martin de Moyville, Edouard Nicolas Henry Michel, Dieudonné Gabriel Lucien Michel, Jacques Léonard Mondésir, Charles Stanislas Montaigne de Nogaret, Charles Stanislas Montrueil, Desire Amahle Ferdinand | Chel-Ab-Ku-Kil Chignavitcelut, Oxiquieb Chiguaihue Davila, Nepomueno$^d$ Higuaihué Huebner, John Andrew Huehuetemixcatl Huelen Ibercourt, Henry Louis Ietersdorf-Klasten, Gustav von Ihering, Mauritius van Imfreville-Baudry, Louis, Comte d' Ingrande, Jose Domingo Isambert, Henry Iwert, Sebold Jacintha do San José Jacobsen, Simon Jacobson, Christian Juels, Niels Apparently not the admiral. Jügler, Lorenz Jungmann, Bernhardt Kannegieser, Sigismund Keisar, Mauritius van Knapp, Mathias Las Casas, Gonzalo van Loot, Gerard Martin de Moyville, Edouard Nicolas Henry Michel, Dieudonné Gabriel Lucien Michel, Jacques Léonard Mondésir, Charles Stanislas Montaigne de Nogaret, Charles Stanislas Montrueil, Desire Amahle Ferdinand | Navailles, Charles Niebuhr, Sigismund Niel, Frédéric Guillaume Amédée Ferdinand Nina, João Estevam Miguel da Silva Nores, Simon de Otto, Charles Quesnel, Dieudonné-Gabriel Louis Steinhefer, Juan Struensee, Karl Teste, Lucien Auguste Tlaxpanquizqui Toussaint, Dieudonné Gabriel Ulphilas, Herman Viana, Francisco Wagner, Daniel Christian Wernicke, Gottlieb Westerman, Hans Wouwerman, Simon van Xuárez, Pedro | Navailles, Charles Niebuhr, Sigismund Niel, Frédéric Guillaume Amédée Ferdinand Nina, João Estevam Miguel da Silva Nores, Simon de Otto, Charles Quesnel, Dieudonné-Gabriel Louis Steinhefer, Juan Struensee, Karl Teste, Lucien Auguste Tlaxpanquizqui Toussaint, Dieudonné Gabriel Ulphilas, Herman Viana, Francisco Wagner, Daniel Christian Wernicke, Gottlieb Westerman, Hans Wouwerman, Simon van Xuárez, Pedro |