OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Bernard, Thomas Dehany

​BERNARD, THOMAS DEHANY (1815–1904), divine, second son of Charles Bernard of Eden Estate, Jamaica, the descendant of a Huguenot family, by Margaret, daughter of John Baker of Waresley House, Worcestershire, was born at Clifton on 11 Nov. 1815. Mountague Bernard [q. v.] was his brother. After private education he matriculated in December 1833 from Exeter College, Oxford, and in 1837 was placed in the second class of the final classical school. He graduated B.A. in 1838, when he won the Ellerton theological prize with an essay 'On the Conduct and Character of St. Peter.' In 1839 he was awarded the chancellor's prize for an English essay on 'The Classical Taste and Character compared with the Romantic.' In 1840 he was ordained deacon and licensed to the curacy of Great Baddow, Essex. Ordained priest in 1841, he succeeded to the vicarage of Great Baddow, where he remained until 1846. After working for a short time as curate of Harrow-on-the-Hill, he became in 1848 vicar of Terling, Essex. He showed a keener interest in the cause of foreign missions than was usual at that time. He was thrice select preacher at Oxford in 1858, 1862, and 1882. In 1864 he delivered the Bampton lectures on 'The Progress of Doctrine in the New Testament' (5th edit. 1900).
Of strong evangelical sympathies, Bernard was appointed by Simeon's trustees to the rectory of Walcot, Bath, in 1864. There Bernard's gifts of organisation were called into play. He increased the church accommodation and built St. Andrew's church and schools. In 1867 the bishop of Bath and Wells collated him to a prebendal stall in Wells Cathedral; and next year the dean and chapter elected him ​to a residentiary canonry. He succeeded to the chancellorship of the cathedral in 1879, and from 1880 to 1895 represented the chapter in convocation.
Bernard was as zealous a cathedral dignitary as he was an energetic town rector. He revived the cathedral grammar school, at his own cost provided buildings for it, established a high school for girls, and interested himself in the general parochial life of Wells. An evangelical whom all trusted, though unfettered by party conventions, Bernard was a frequent speaker at the Islington clerical meeting, He resigned Walcot in 1886, and went to live at Wimborne. In 1901 he retired from his canonry, retaining only the unpaid office of chancellor. He died at High Hall, Wimborne, on 7 Dec. 1904. Bernard combined the qualities of the student and the man of affairs, of the wise counsellor in private and the clear, cogent teacher in public. He married in 1841 Caroline, daughter of Benjamin Linthorne, of High Hall, Wimborne; she died in 1881, leaving two sons and seven daughters.
Besides the works noticed, Bernard published: 1. 'Before His Presence with a Song,' 1885; 2nd edit. 1887. 2. 'The Central Teaching of Jesus Christ,' 1892. 3. 'Songs of the Holy Nativity,' 1895. 4. 'The Word and Sacraments,' 1904.
[Guardian, 14 Dec. 1904; Record, 9 Dec. 1904; The Times, 8 Dec. 1904; Foster's Alumni Oxon.; E. Stock, History of the C.M.S., 1899, ii. 359, 387 and iii. 10; private information.]
A. R. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Bewley, Edmund Thomas

​BEWLEY, Sir EDMUND THOMAS (1837–1908), Irish lawyer and genealogist, born in Dublin on 11 Jan. 1837, was son of Edward Bewley (1806–1876), licentiate of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons and Physicians, Ireland, by his wife Mary, daughter of Thomas Mulock of Kilnagarna, King's County (1791-1857). Entering Trinity College, Dublin, in 1855, he obtained ​a classical scholarship in 1857, and a first senior moderatorship and gold medal in experimental science in 1859. In 1860 he graduated B.A. and in 1863 M.A. Subsequently (1885) he proceeded LL.D. In 1861 he obtained the degree of B.A., ad eundem, and also that of M.A., with honours and first gold medal in experimental science, in the Queen's (afterwards Royal) University of Ireland. Called to the Irish bar in 1862, he practised successfully for some years, and in 1882 took silk. From 1884 to 1890 he was regius professor of feudal and English law in Dublin University, and in 1890 became a judge of the supreme court of judicature of Ireland, and judicial commissioner of the Irish Land Commission. Owing to declining health he retired in 1898, when he was knighted. He was elected F.S.A. 10 Jan. 1908, and died at Dublin on 27 June following.
Bewley married in 1866 Anna Sophie Stewart, daughter of Henry Colles, a member of the Irish bar, and by her had two sons and one daughter.
Bewley spent his leisure in genealogical pursuits. He was a frequent contributor to the 'Genealogist,' 'Ancestor,' and other genealogical periodicals. His most important researches were privately printed. His three books, 'The Bewleys of Cumberland' (1902); 'The Family of Mulock' (1905); and 'The Family of Poe' (1906), are sound and patient investigations into family history; in the monograph on the Poe family he proved that Edgar Allan Poe was descended from a family of Powell, for generations tenant-farmers in co. Cavan. Bewley was also author of 'The Law and Practice of Taxation of Costs' (1867); 'A Treatise on the Common Law Procedure Acts' (1871); and joint-author of 'A Treatise on the Chancery (Ireland) Act, 1867' (1868).
[The Bewleys of Cumberland, 1902; The Times, 29 June 1908; Dublin Nat. Libr. Cat.; Irish Times, 28 June 1908.]
D. J. O'D.
# Dutton v. Plairet

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
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United States Supreme Court
154 U.S. 563
Dutton v. Plairet
Mr. Chief Justice CHASE delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dutton v. Plairet/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
154 U.S. 563
Dutton v. Plairet
The same questions substantially are presented in this case as in the case of Bronson v. Rhodes (heretofore decided at this term) 7 Wall. 229. The principles settled by that judgment require that the judgment of the supreme court of Pennsylvania be affirmed, and it is so ordered.
David W. Sellers, for plaintiff in error.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Doubloons

* information about this edition.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
Accompanying title illustration omitted.
Doubloons
By Ralph D. Paine
Since the days of Sir Henry Morgan, the most celebrated of the buccaneers, who died in 1688, the legend of treasure buried by pirates and a chart to mark the spot has been a deep-rooted belief in the romantic faith of deep-sea sailormen. The legend reached high tide about eighty years ago when Edgar Allan Poe wrote his famous tale “The Gold Bug.” Slowly the belief in buried pirate treasure has receded, yet even to-day there are thousands who constantly seek for such treasure, and there are few of the older deep-sea men who have not seen, at some time, a “chart” directing the searcher where to find buried treasure, usually upon some lonely island, or some deserted mainland beach. Mr. Paine, in this story, has told the tale of a pirate chart in his clear, convincing style. It reads, to the editors, like a true story with extraordinary happenings.
A COMPLETE NOVEL (By Request)
* Chapter I
* Chapter II
* Chapter III
* Chapter IV
* Chapter V
* Chapter VI
* Chapter VII
* Chapter VIII
* Chapter IX
* Chapter X
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1925, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 98 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Duty and Inclination/Volume 2

DUTY AND INCLINATION:
A NOVEL.
EDITED BY
MISS LANDON.
AUTHOR OF "THE IMPROVISATRICE,"
"ETHEL CHURCHILL," ETC.
"Thought contending with thought;
Reason and the affections at variance with each other."
IN THREE VOLUMES.
VOL. II.
LONDON:
HENRY COLBURN, PUBLISHER,
GREAT MARLBOROUGH STREET.
1838.
PRINTED BY RICHARD AND JOHN E. TAYLOR, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

## Volume 2

* Chapter 1
* Chapter 2
* Chapter 3
* Chapter 4
* Chapter 5
* Chapter 6
* Chapter 7
* Chapter 8
* Chapter 9
* Chapter 10
* Chapter 11
* Chapter 12
* Chapter 13
* Chapter 14
* Chapter 15
* Chapter 16
* Chapter 17
* Chapter 18
* Chapter 19
* Chapter 20
* Chapter 21
* Chapter 22
# Duty and Inclination/Volume 3

DUTY AND INCLINATION:
A NOVEL.
EDITED BY
MISS LANDON.
AUTHOR OF "THE IMPROVISATRICE,"
"ETHEL CHURCHILL," ETC.
"Thought contending with thought;
Reason and the affections at variance with each other."
IN THREE VOLUMES.
VOL. III.
LONDON:
HENRY COLBURN, PUBLISHER,
GREAT MARLBOROUGH STREET.
1838.
PRINTED BY RICHARD AND JOHN E. TAYLOR, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.
# Duty surviving Self-Love

Unchanged within, to see all changed without, Is a blank lot and hard to bear, no doubt. Yet why at others` Wanings should`st thou fret ? Then only might`st thou feel a just regret, Hadst thou withheld thy love or hid thy light In selfish forethought of neglect and slight. O wiselier then, from feeble yearnings freed, While, and on whom, thou may`st--shine on ! nor heed Whether the object by reflected light Return thy radiance or absorb it quite : And tho` thou notest from thy safe recess Old Friends burn dim, like lamps in noisome air, Love them for what they are ; nor love them less, Because to thee they are not what they were.
# Duus v. Brown

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
245 U.S. 176
Duus v. Brown
Argued: Nov. 23, 1917. --- Decided: Dec 10, 1917
Mr. Nelson Miller, of Le Mars, Iowa, for plaintiff in error.
Mr. Freeman C. Davidson, of Emmetsburg, Iowa, for defendant in error.
Mr. Chief Justice WHITE delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Breeding of Cattle

Edition of 1802.
​BREEDING of Cattle: As the different circumstances to be attended to in the management of cattle, will be stated when treating of the various kinds of useful animals, we shall here only observe, that the first thing to be considered is beauty of form; the next is proportion of parts, or what may be called utility of form; the third, which has engaged the attention of midland breeders, is the texture of the muscular parts, or what is called flesh; a quality which, however familiar it may have been to the butcher and consumer, has not in general been attended to by breeders. In short, it is a rule applicable to all sorts of live-stock, to breed from straight backed, round bodied, clean, small boned, healthy animals; carefully rejecting such as have roach backs and heavy legs, with much external appearance of offal, &c.
To the late Mr. Bakewell, of Dishley, who was undoubtedly the most scientific breeder of his time, we are indebted for many new and important improvements in the art breeding cattle. His principle was, to procure the best beast, that would weigh most in the valuable joints; and thus, while he gained in point of shape, he also acquired a breed much hardier, and easier fed, than any other.
With respect to the breed of ​oxen, Mr. Bakewell asserts, that the smaller the bones, the more perfect will be the make of the beast, and the quicker it will fatten. The breed preferred, and considered by him as the best in England, is that of Lancashire. The shape which should be the criterion of a cow or bull, an ox, or a sheep, is that of a hogshead, or a firkin, with legs as small and short as possible. He found from various experiments in different parts of the kingdom, that no land is too bad for a good breed of cattle, and particularly of sheep. The great advantage arising from his breed is, that the same quantity of food will suffice them, much longer than it will any other kind; besides which, the wool is of the finest quality, and the sheep stand the fold perfectly well.
The wintering of cattle, also received particular attention from this professional breeder: his horned beasts were tied up during the winter, in sheds, and fed with straw, turnips, or hay; all the lean beasts were fed with straw alone, and lay without litter. Young cattle, that require to be kept in a thriving state, are fed upon turnips; and as the spring advances, and this vegetable becomes scarce, hay is their only food.
The floors, on which the cattle stand, are paved, and raised six or eight inches above the level of the yard; and each crib being only broad enough for a beast to stand on, its dung falls on the lower pavement; by which contrivance it is kept perfectly clean without litter.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Briar

Edition of 1802.
​BRIAR, the Sweet, or Rosa rubiginosa, L.; by Hudson and Duroi called Rosa eglanteria, is a well known indigenous plant, found in hedges and on heaths. It grows to the height of five or six feet, having green branches, armed with prickles. See With. 466.—The varieties of this species are the common single-flowered, semi-double-flowered, double-flowered, blush double-flowered, and yellow-flowered. This shrub deserves to be cultivated in every garden, on account of the odoriferous property of its leaves. The best places for planting it, are the borders contiguous to walks, where it will profusely emit its refreshing fragrance. The young branches of the sweet-briar are a rich addition to the odour of nose-gays and bough-pots. The blossoms of this shrub are constantly visited by bees, and the leaves are used on the Continent, in tanning soft leather.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Brine

Edition of 1802.
​BRINE, or Pickle, is water saturated with saline particles. It is either native, as the sea-water; or factitious, when formed by a solution of salt in water.
Pickle made according to the common rule, that it should bear an egg, may be sufficiently strong to preserve substances intended for early use. A true pickle, however, for preserving meat, fish, and butter, during a long voyage, ought to be boiled down till the salt begins to crystallize, which is discoverable by a thin scum on the surface of the liquid while it continues over the fire. The water being then completely saturated with salt, the pickle is perfect.
In the salt-works at Upwick, in Worcestershire, a pit yields at the same time three sorts of brine, of different degrees of strength. This pit is worked by a pump, and the strongest salt first brought up from the bottom, is called first man; the next, which is of an inferior quality, is denominated middle man; and the third, or weakest, last man.
Leach brine is what drops from the granulated salt in drying: it is preserved and boiled a second time, being stronger than the brine of the pit. The species of sand found in the Staffordshire brines, after coction, is supposed by naturalists to be produced by that operation, as it was not previously found in the water.
Brine-pan, a place where salt-water is confined and exposed to the heat of the sun, by which salt is obtained by evaporation.
Brine-springs, those saline fountains which yield water for the manufacture of salt. It is supposed that the saline spring at Namptwich, in Cheshire, would be sufficient to yield salt for the consumption of the whole kingdom.
Besides this, there are several other remarkable brine-springs in England, particularly that of East-Chennock, in Somersetshire, which rises twenty miles from the sea; and another at Barrowdale, near Keswick, in Cumberland. The ​latter rises in a plain near a bog, and sixteen gallons of the water yield one of pure salt, which is the more remarkable, as an equal quantity cannot be obtained from less than twenty-two gallons of the waters of the German ocean.
There are several other salt-springs beside those above mentioned, particularly at a place in Durham, called Salt-water Haugh, where a multitude of saline springs rise in the river Wear, to the extent of about forty yards in length, and ten in breadth. One of these, which issues from a rock, is so strong, that in the space of a hot summer's day the surface is covered with pure crystallized salt. In these springs the water is strongest at the bottom, and richer in dry than in wet weather. They generally yield four ounces of salt from a pound of brine. It is probable that there is an immense mass of fossil salt in the bowels of the earth in the counties where these springs arise. There are several other substances dissolved in their water beside salt, particularly sulphureous matter, an impure ochre which discolours the brine, but speedily subsides; and in most, a selenitic earth is found deposited at the bottom of the salt-pans.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Brining of Corn

Edition of 1802.
​Brining of Corn. See Smut.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/British Wines

Edition of 1802.
​British Wines.—See Wine.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Breeding, Good

Edition of 1802.
​Breeding, Good; an expression which is used to denote the proper deportment of persons in the external offices and decorum of social intercourse.
Good breeding necessarily implies civility; though a person, without being well bred, may be civil: the one is the result of good-nature; the other, of good sense joined to experience, observation, and attention.
The most perfect degree of good breeding is only to be acquired by great knowledge of the world, and keeping the best company. To attain this desirable object, we would advise parents not to suffer their children, after a certain age, to ​spend the greatest part of their time among servants, or menial dependents; from whom neither good language nor proper manners can be expected; and who seldom fail to instruct the susceptible young mind in all the low cunning, and artifices of the vulgar. Good-breeding adorns and enforces virtue and truth; it connects, it endears, and while it indulges the just liberty, restrains that indecent licentiousness of conversation, which alienates and provokes. Great talents render a man famous; great merit procures respect; great learning, esteem: but good-breeding alone can ensure love and affection. Hence it deserves to be peculiarly recommended to women, as the greatest ornament to such as possess beauty, and the safest refuge for those of a contrary description. It facilitates the conquests, and decorates the triumphs of beauty; while, on the other hand, it atones, in some degree, for the want of that quality. On the whole, good-breeding is attended with so many advantageous effects, that, though it cannot be called a virtue in itself, it may be jusly considered as one of the most pleasing and useful accomplishments; inasmuch as it has a direct tendency to check the violence of all the turbulent passions, and to render the path through life more comfortable and easy.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Breeding of Fish

Edition of 1802.
​Breeding of Fish. The necessary qualities of a pond for breeding fish, are very different from those which are requisite to make it serve for their nourishment. A good breeding pond is more rare to be met with than a good feeding one. The best indications of the former, are plenty of rushes and grass about its sides, with gravelly shoals like those of horse-ponds. The quantity of the spawn of hsh is prodigious; and where it succeeds, one fish may sometimes produce millions. Hence two or three melters, and as many spawners, placed in such a pond, will, in a short time, stock a whole country. If it be not intended to keep these ponds entirely for breeding, but to let the fish grow to a considerable size, their numbers should be thinned, or they will otherwise starve each other. Different kinds of fish may also be added, which will prey upon the young, and prevent their increasing in number. For this purpose, eels and perch are most useful, because they not only feed upon the spawn itself, but also upon the young fry. Some fish will breed abundantly in all kinds of waters; of this nature are the roach, pike, perch, &c.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Roger of St. Albans

Roger Alban in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
​ROGER of St. Albans (fl. 1450), genealogist, was born at St. Albans, and became a friar of the Carmelite house in London. He wrote a genealogy and chronological tables, tracing the descent of Henry VI from Adam, beginning ‘Considerans historie sacre prolixitatem,’ of which there are copies, both in fifteenth-century hands, at St. John's College, Oxford, Nos. xxiii. and lviii. (the last containing the biblical part only). A copy in Queen's College, Oxford (No. clxviii.), is said to be the very roll which the author presented to Henry VI (Tanner, Bibl. Brit.), but it is in a sixteenth-century hand (Coxe, Cat.) The biblical part of the same work is in the Cambridge University Library, ed. iii. 55, 56. The Cottonian copy (Otho D. 1) was destroyed by fire. A closely similar work in Jesus College, Oxford (cxiv.), begins ‘Cuilibet principi congruum,’ and carries the chronological table to 1473.
M. B.