# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Volume XI

See also the scan index; and the disclaimer.
| | Volume XI Gouda — Hippopotamus | Volume XI Gouda — Hippopotamus | |
| Go – Gr | Gu – Gy | H – Ha | He – Hi |
| Gouda, town, Holland. Goudimel, Claude, French musical composer. Gough, Viscount, British general. Gough, Richard, English antiquary. Goujet, Claude Pierre, French abbé and writer. Goujon, Jean, French sculptor. Gould, Augustus Addison, American conchologist. Gour (Gaur, q.v.), mediæval town, India. Gourd, plant. Gourgard, Gaspard, Baron, French general. Gout, disease. Gouvion Saint Cyr, Laurent, Marquis de, French marshal. Government. Forms of Government. Sphere of Government. Gower, John, English poet. Goya, town, Argentine Republic. Goyanna, town, Brazil. Goya y Lucientes, Francisco, Spanish painter and caricaturist. Goyaz, province and town, Brazil. Goyen, Jan Josephszoon van, Dutch painter. Gozlan, Léon, French novelist and dramatist. Gozo, island, Mediterranean Sea (See Malta). Gozzi, Carlo, Count, Italian dramatist. Gozzi, Gasparo, Count, Italian critic. Gozzoli, Benozzo, Italian painter. Graal (Grail, q.v.), The Holy, in mediæval legend. Grabe, Johann Ernst, Anglican divine. Grabow, town, Prussia. Gracchus, Roman family. Graces, in Greek mythology. Grackle, bird. Gracian, Baltazar, Spanish writer. Gradisca, town, Austria. Graduation, of mathematical instruments. Græcia, Magna, part of ancient Italy. Grævius, Johann Georg, German scholar. Gräfe, Albrecht von, German oculist. Gräfe, Heinrich, German educationist. Gräfe, Karl Ferdinand von, German surgeon. Gräfrath, town, Prussia. Gragnano, town, Italy. Graham, Sir James G. R., British statesman. Graham, Thomas, Scottish chemist. Grahame, James, Scottish poet. Graham’s Town, Cape Colony, Africa. Grail, The Holy, in mediæval legend. Grains of Paradise. Gram, leguminous plant. Grammar. Grammont, town, Belgium. Gramont, Philibert, Count de, French courtier. Grampus, cetacean mammal. Gran, town, Hungary. Granada, province, Spain. Granada, town, Spain. Granada, town, Nicaragua, Central America. Granada, Luis de, Spanish preacher. Granadilla, plant and fruit. Gran Chaco, district, South America. Grand’ Combe, town, France. Grand Haven, town, Michigan, U.S.A. Grandimontanes, religious order. Grand Rapids, town, Michigan, U.S.A. Grandson (Granson, q.v.), town, Switzerland. Grandville (Jean I. I. Gérard, q.v.), French caricaturist. Granet, François Marius, French painter. Granite, rock. Granmichele, town, Sicily. Granson, town, Switzerland. Grant, Anne, Scottish authoress. Grant, Sir Francis, English painter. Grant, Sir James Hope, British general. Grantham, town, England. Granvella, Spanish cardinal. Granville, town, France. Granville, Earl, British statesman. Grape (Vine, q.v.). Graphite, mineral (See Carbon and Furnace). Graphotype, process of engraving. Graslitz, town, Bohemia. Grasse, town, France. Grasses. Grasshopper, insect. Gratianus, Augustus, Roman emperor. Gratianus, Franciscus, Italian canonist. Gratius Faliscus, Roman poet. Grattan, Henry, Irish statesman and orator. Gratz, town, Austria. Graubünden (Grisons, q.v.), canton, Switzerland. Graudenz, town, Prussia. Graun, Carl Heinrich, German composer. Gravelines, town, France. Gravesend, town, England. Gravina, town, Italy. Gravina, Giovanni Vincenzo, Italian critic and jurisconsult. Gravitation. Gravitation at the Surface of the Earth. The Centre of Gravity. Universal Gravitation. Gravity, Specific, comparative density (See Hydrodynamics). Gray, town, France. Gray, David, Scottish poet. Gray, John Edward, English naturalist. Gray, Thomas, English poet. Grayling, fish. Grazalema, town, Spain. Grazzini, Antonfrancesco, Italian writer. Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom of. Greaves, John, English mathematician and antiquary. Grebe, bird. Greco, El. Greece. Geography and Statistics. Greek History. Greek Language. Greek Literature. Index. Greek Church. Greek Empire (See Greece). Greek Fire. Greeley, Horace, American writer and politician. Green Bay, town, Wisconsin, U.S.A. Greene, Maurice, English musical composer. Greene, Nathanael, American general. Greene, Robert, English dramatist and pastoral poet. Greenfinch, bird. Greenheart, timber tree. Greenland, Arctic country. Greenleaf, Simon, American jurist. Greenock, town, Scotland. Greenough, Horatio, American sculptor. Greenshank, bird. Greenwich, town, England. Grégoire, Henri, French bishop and Revolutionist. Gregorian Chant (Plainsong, q.v.). Gregoras, Nicephorus (See Byzantine Historians). Gregory, I., St, pope. Gregory II., St, pope. Gregory III., St, pope. Gregory IV., pope. Gregory V., pope. Gregory VI., pope. Gregory VII., St, pope. Gregory VIII., pope. Gregory IX., pope. Gregory X., pope. Gregory XI., pope. Gregory XII., pope. Gregory XIII., pope. Gregory XIV., pope. Gregory XV., pope. Gregory XVI., pope. Gregory, St, the Illuminator, founder of the Armenian church. Gregory, St, of Nazianzus. Gregory, St, of Nyssa. Gregory, St, Thaumaturgus. Gregory, St, of Tours, Frankish historian. Gregory, Scottish family of scientists and mathematicians. Gregory, Olinthus, English mathematician. Greifenberg, town, Prussia. Greifenhagen, town, Prussia. Greifswald, town, Prussia. Greiz, town, Germany. Grenada, island, West Indies. Grenoble, town, France. Grenville, George, English statesman. Grenville, Lord, English statesman. Gresham, Sir Thomas, London merchant. Gresset, Jean Baptiste, French poet. Grétry, André Ernest Modeste, French musical composer. Greuze, Jean Baptiste, French painter. Greville, Charles Cavendish Fulke, English writer. Grew, Nehemiah, English botanist and physiologist. Grey, Second Earl, English statesman. Grey, Lady Jane. Greyhound (See Dog and Coursing). Greytown, town, Nicaragua, Central America. Griboyedoff, Alexander Sergueevich, Russian dramatist. Griesbach, Johann Jakob, German Biblical critic. Griffin, legendary animal. Griffin, Gerald, Irish novelist and dramatist. Grillparzer, Franz, German dramatist. Grimaldi, Giovanni Francesco, Italian architect and painter. Grimm, Friedrich Melchior, Baron von, French writer. Grimm, Jacob Ludwig Carl, German philologist. Grimm, Wilhelm Carl, German philologist. Grimma, town, Saxony. Grimsby, Great, town, England. Grindal, Edmund, archbishop of Canterbury. Grindstone. Gringoire, Pierre, mediæval poet. Gros, Antoine Jean, Baron, French painter. Grosbeak, bird. Grose, Francis, English antiquary. Grossenhain, town, Saxony. Grosseteste, Robert, bishop of Lincoln. Grosseto, town, Italy. Grossi, Tommaso, Italian poet and novelist. Grosswardein, town, Hungary. Grote, George, English historian. Grotefend, Georg Friedrich, German philologist. Grotius, Hugo, Dutch scholar and jurist. Groton, town, Connecticut, U.S.A. Grottaglie, town, Italy. Ground Nut. Groundsel, plant. Grouse, bird. Grove, Sacred. Gruber, Johann Gottfried, German scholar. Grün, Anastasius, Austrian poet. Grün, Hans Baldung, German painter. Grünberg, town, Prussia. Grundtvig, Nikolai Frederik Severin, Danish poet and statesman. Grunewald, Mathias, German painter. Gruter, Jan, Dutch scholar and critic. Gruyère, district, Switzerland. Grynæus, Johann Jakob, German theologian. Grynæus, Simon, German theologian. Gryphius, Andreas, German poet and dramatist. | Guacharo, bird. Guaco, plant. Guadalajara, province & town, Spain. Guadalajara, town, Mexico. Guadeloupe, island, West Indies. Guadix, town, Spain. Guaduas, town, Colombia, South America. Guaiacum, tree. Gualdo Tadino, town, Italy. Gualeguay, town, Argentine Republic. Gualeguaychu, town, Argentine Republic. Guamanga (Huamanga, q.v.). Guan, bird. Guanaco, ungulate mammal. Guanajuato, town, Mexico. Guancabelica (Huancavelica, q.v.), town, Peru. Guano. Guarana, plant and fruit. Guarantee, or Guaranty, in English law. Guaratingueta, town, Brazil. Guardi, Francesco, Venetian painter. Guardian, in law (See Infant). Guariento, Italian painter. Guarini, Giovanni Battista, Italian dramatist. Guarino, or Guarinus, of Verona, Italian scholar. Guarino, or Guarinus, of Favora, Italian scholar. Guastalla, town, Italy. Guatemala, republic & town, Central America. Guava, fruit. Guayaquil, town, Ecuador, South America. Guayra, La, town, Venezuela, South America. Gubbio, town, Italy. Guben, town, Prussia. Gudgeon, fish. Guelderland, Gelderland, or Guelders, ancient duchy, Germany. Guelder Rose, shrub. Guelders, or Geldern, town, Rhenish Prussia. Guelfs and Ghibellines, Italian party. Guelph, town, Ontario, Canada. Guercino, Barbieri (See Barbieri), Italian painter. Guéret, town, France. Guericke, Otto von, German scientist. Guérin, Georges Maurice de, French poet. Guérin, Jean Baptiste Paulin, French painter. Guérin, Pierre Narcisse, French painter. Guernsey, Channel Islands, England. Guerrazzi, Francesco Domenico, Italian writer and politician. Guerrero, or Tixtla, town, Mexico. Guesclin, Bertrand du (See Du Guesclin), constable of France. Guevara, Antonio de, Spanish moralist. Guglielmi, Pietro, Italian musician. Guiana, Guyana, or Guayana, territory, South America. British Guiana. Dutch Guiana. French Guiana. Guibert of Nogent, French theologian. Guibert, or Wibert, of Ravenna (Clement III.), antipope. Guicciardini, Francesco, Italian historian and statesman. Guidi, Carlo Alessandro, Italian poet. Guidiccioni, Giovanni, Italian poet. Guido of Arezzo, Italian musician. Guido Reni (Reni, q.v.), Italian painter. Guido of Siena, Italian painter. Guienne, Old French province. Guignes, Joseph de, French Orientalist. Guild, Guilds. Guildford, town, England. Guillemot, bird. Guillotine, Revolutionist & for decapitation. Guimarães, town, Portugal. Guinea, region, West Coast of Africa. Guinea Fowl, bird. Guinea-Pig (Cavy, q.v.), rodent mammal. Guingamp, town, France. Guipuzcoa, province, Spain. Guisborough, or Gisborough, town, England. Guiscard, Robert (Robert Guiscard, q.v.), duke of Apulia, crusader. Guise, town, France. Guise, House of, French noble family. Guitar, musical instrument. Guizot, François Pierre Guillaume, French historian and statesman. Gujarat, or Guzerat (q.v.), district, India. Gujranwala, district & town, India. Gujrat, or Goojrat, district & town, India. Gulf Stream, Atlantic current (See Atlantic). Gull, bird. Gum. Gumbinnen, town, Prussia. Gumbo, or Okra, plant. Gumri, or Alexandropol, town, Russian Armenia. Gum-Trees (Eucalyptus, q.v.). Gun-Cotton. Gundulitsch, or Gundulic, Ivan, Dalmatian poet. Gundwana (Gondwana, q.v.). Gunmaking. Small Arms. Ordnance. Gunnery. Gunny, cloth. Gunpowder. The Ingredients and their Action. Fired Gunpowder. Preparation and Purification of the Ingredients. Manufacture of Gunpowder. Proof of Gunpowder. Gunpowder Plot (1605), England (See Fawkes). Güns, town, Hungary. Gunter, Edmund, English mathematician. Günther, Johann Christian, German poet. Guntoor, town, India. Gurdaspur, district, India. Gurgaon, district, India. Gurnall, William, English divine. Gurnard, fish. Gurwall (Garwhal, q.v.). Gustavus I., Vasa, king of Sweden. Gustavus II., Adolphus, of Sweden. Gustavus III., of Sweden. Gustavus IV., of Sweden. Gustavus Adolphus Union, German Protestant society. Güstrow, town, Germany. Gutenberg, John, early printer. Guthrie, Thomas, Scottish divine and philanthropist. Guts-Muths, Johann Christoph Friedrich, German teacher. Gutta Percha. Gutzkow, Karl, German novelist and dramatist. Gützlaff, Karl Friedrich August, German missionary to China. Guy, Thomas, founder of Guy’s Hospital, London. Guy of Warwick, old English romance. Guyon, Madame, French mystic. Guyton de Morveau, Louis Bernard, Baron, French chemist. Guzerat, or Gujarat, district, India. Guzmics, Isidor, Hungarian theologian. Gwalior, state & town, India. Gwilt, Joseph, English architect. Gwyniad, fish. Gyarmat, towns, Hungary. Gyarmatha, town, Hungary. Gyergyo-Szent-Miklos, town, Hungary. Gyges, Lydian king. Gyllembourg-Ehrensvärd, Baroness, Danish writer. Gymnasium. Gymnastics. Gymnotus, genus of fishes (See Eel and Electricity). Gynæcology, branch of medicine. Gyoma, town, Hungary. Gyöngyös, town, Hungary. Gyöngyösi, István, Hungarian poet. Gypsum, mineral. Gyroscope, or Gyrostat, scientific instrument. Gythium, ancient town, Greece. Gyula, town, Hungary. | H, the eighth letter of the alphabet. Haarlem, town, Holland. Habakkuk, Old Testament prophet. Habeas Corpus, in English law. Habington, William, English poet. Hachette, Jean Nicolas Pierre, French mathematician. Hachette, Louis Christophe François, French publisher. Hackberry, tree. Haco, or Hakon, king of Norway. Haco V., king of Norway. Hadad, Syrian god. Haddington, or East Lothian, county, Scotland. Haddock, fish. Hadersleben, town, Prussia. Hades, in Christian escatology (q.v.) and Greek mythology (See Pluto). Hadji Khalfa (Hajji Khalfa, q.v.), Arabic writer. Hadramaut, district, Arabia (q.v.). Hadrian, Roman emperor. Hadrian, Wall of. Hadrumetum, or Adrumetum, ancient town, Tunis. Hæmorrhoids, or Piles, disease. Hafiz, Persian poet. Hagedorn, Friedrich von, German poet. Hagen, town, Prussia. Hagen, Friedrich Heinrich von der, German writer. Hagenau, town, Alsace, Germany. Hagenbach, Karl Rudolf, German church historian. Hagerstown, town, Maryland, U.S.A. Hag-Fish, Glutenous Hag, or Borez. Haggai, Old Testament prophet. Hague, The, town, Holland. Hahn, August, German theologian. Hahn, Johann Georg von, Austrian traveller. Hahnemann, Samuel Christian Friedrich, founder of homœopathy. Haidarabad, or Hyderabad (q.v.), district & territory, India. Haidinger, Wilhelm von, Austrian mineralogist. Hail (See Meteorology). Hailes, Sir David Dalrymple, Lord, Scottish judge and historian. Hainan, island, China. Hainau, town, Prussia. Hainault, province, Belgium. Hainburg, or Haimburg, town, Austria. Hainichen, town, Saxony. Hair. Hairbell, or Harebell (q.v.), plant. Hair-Tail, fish. Haiti, or Hayti (q.v.), island, West Indies. Hajdúk, or Hayduke, district, Hungary. Hajipur, or Hajeepoor, town, India. Hajji Khalfa, Arabic writer. Hake, fish. Hakim, Fatimite caliph. Hakluyt, Richard, English geographer. Hakodadi, or Hakodate, town, Japan. Hal, town, Belgium. Hala, or Halla, town, India. Halas, town, Hungary. Halberstadt, town, Prussia. Halbert, or Halbard, weapon. Haldane, James Alexander, Scottish evangelist. Haldane, Robert, Scottish evangelist. Hale, Sir Matthew, English lord chief-justice. Hales, Stephen, English physiologist and inventor. Halévy, Jacques François Fromental, French musician. Haliburton, Thomas Chandler (Sam Slick), Nova-Scotian satirist. Halibut, or Holibut (q.v.), fish. Halicarnassus, ancient town, Asia Minor. Halifax, town, England. Halifax, town, Nova Scotia. Halifax, Earl of (Charles Montagu), English statesman and poet. Halifax, Marquis of (George Savile), English statesman and writer. Hall, town, Austria. Hall, town, Würtemberg. Hall, Basil, English traveller and writer. Hall, Charles Francis, American Arctic explorer. Hall, or Halle, Edward, English lawyer and chronicler. Hall, James, American judge and writer. Hall, Joseph, bishop of Exeter and Norwich. Hall, Marshall, English physician. Hall, Robert, English pulpit orator. Halla, or Hala (q.v.), town, India. Hallam, Henry, English historian. Halle, town, Prussia. Halleck, Fitzgreene, American poet. Halleck, Henry Wager, American general. Haller, Albrecht von, Swiss anatomist and physiologist. Halley, Edmund, English astronomer. Halloweven, or Hallowe’en, vigil of All Saints day. Halluin, town, France. Halmstad, town, Sweden. Halo, luminous ring. Hals, Frans, Dutch painters. Halstead, town, England. Halyburton, Thomas, Scottish divine. Ham, of Scripture. Ham, town, France. Hamadan, town, Persia. Hamah, town, Syria. Hamann, Johann Georg, German philosopher and theologian. Hamasah, or Hamasa, collection of Arabic poems. Hambato, or Ambato (q.v.), town, Ecuador. Hamburg, state, Germany. Hamburg, free city, Germany. Hameln, town, Hanover, Germany. Hami, town, Central Asia. Hamilcar Barca, Carthaginian general. Hamilton, town, Scotland. Hamilton, town, Ontario, Canada. Hamilton, town, New York, U.S.A. Hamilton, town, Ohio, U.S.A. Hamilton, town, Victoria. Hamilton, Alexander, American jurist and statesman. Hamilton, Anthony or Antoine, French courtier and writer. Hamilton, Elizabeth, Scottish authoress. Hamilton, James, teacher of languages. Hamilton, Patrick, Scottish Reformer and martyr. Hamilton, Robert, Scottish political economist. Hamilton, Thomas, Scottish novelist and critic. Hamilton, Sir William, Scottish metaphysician. Hamilton, Sir William, antiquary and art collector. Hamilton, William, Scottish poet. Hamilton, Sir William Rowan, mathematician. Hamirpur, district and town, India. Hamlet, or Amleth, prince of Denmark. Hamm, town, Prussia. Hammarsköld, Lorenzo, Swedish author. Hamme, town, Belgium. Hammer. Hammerfest, town, Norway. Hammerhead Shark, fish (see Shark). Hammer-Purgstall, Joseph von, Austrian Orientalist. Hammersmith, suburb of London. Hammond, Henry, English Royalist divine. Hamon, Jean Louis, French painter. Hampden, John, English Parliamentarian. Hampden, Renn Dickson, bishop of Hereford. Hampshire, Hants, or Southampton, county, England. Hampstead, suburb of London. Hampton, town, England. Hamster, rodent mammal. Hanau, town, Prussia. Hancock, John, American statesman. Handel, George Frederick, German musical composer. Hand Tools. Hang-Chow-Foo, or Hang-Chow, town, China. Hanka, Wenceslaus, Bohemian philologist. Hankow, town, China. Hanley, town, England. Hannay, James, Scottish critic and novelist. Hannibal, Carthaginian general. Hannibal, town, Missouri, U.S.A. Hanno, king of Carthage. Hanno, Carthaginian general. Hanover, province & town, Germany. Hansard, Luke, English printer. Hanseatic League, or Hansa, Germany. Hansen, Peter Andreas, Danish astronomer. Hansteen, Christopher, Norwegian astronomer and physicist. Hanusch, Ignaz Johann, Bohemian philosopher. Hanway, Jonas, English traveller and philanthropist. Haparanda, town, Sweden. Hapsburg, or Habsburg, German family and Austrian dynasty. Hapur, or Hapoor, town, India. Haran, or Charrax, district, Mesopotamia. Harar, Herer, Hurrur, Harrar-Gay, or Ararge, town, North-East Africa. Harbours and Docks. Harbours. ... Harburg, town, Hanover, Germany. Hardenberg, Friedrich von (Novalis), German poet and philosopher. Hardenberg, Karl August, Prussian statesman. Harderwijk, town, Holland. Hardicanute, Harthacnut, or Hardiknut, Danish king of England. Harding, James Duffield, English painter. Harding, or Hardyng (q.v.), John. Hardinge, Viscount, English general. Hardoi, district, India. Hardouin, Jean, French scholar. Hardt, Hermann von der, German Orientalist. Hardwar, or Hurdwar, town, India. Hardy, Alexandre, French dramatist. Hardyng, or Harding, John, early English chronicler. Hare, rodent mammal. Hare, Julius Charles, English theological writer. Harebell, or Hairbell, plant. Harem, or Seraglio. Harfleur, town, France. Hargreaves, James, inventor of spinning jenny (See Cotton). Hariana, or Hurreeanah, district, India. Häring, Wilhelm, German novelist. Harington, Sir John, English writer. Hariri, Arabic writer. Harlequin, of the pantomime (q.v.). Harley, Robert, first earl of Oxford (q.v.). Harlingen, or Haalingen, town, Holland. Harmodius, Athenian popular hero. Harmonia, in Greek legend. Harmonica, musical instrument. Harmonic Analysis, in physics. Harmonium, musical instrument. Harmony, Musical (See Acoustics and Music). Haro, town, Spain. Harold I., Fairhair, king of Norway. Harold II., Greyfell, of Norway. Harold III., Hardrada, of Norway. Harold IV., Gilchrist, of Norway. Harold I., king of England. Harold II., of England. Haroun al Raschid, caliph of Baghdad. Harp, musical instrument. Harper’s Ferry, town, Virginia, U.S.A. Harpies, or Harpylæ, in Greek mythology. Harpocrates, Greek deity. Harpy, bird. Harrier, dog (q.v.). Harrier, or Hen-Harrier, bird. Harrington, James, English political writer. Harrington, or Harington (q.v.), John, English writer. Harriot, Thomas, English mathematician. Harris, James, English grammarian. Harris, John, English writer. Harris, John, English divine and writer. Harris, Sir William Snow, English electrician. Harrisburg, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Harrison, John, English mechanician. Harrison, William Henry, president of the United States. Harrogate, town, England. Harrow-on-the-Hill, town, England. Harry, Blind, Scottish minstrel. Harte-Beest, antelope. Hartford, town, Connecticut, U.S.A. Hartig, Georg Ludwig, German writer on forestry. Hartlepool, town, England. Hartley, David, English philosopher. Hartlib, Samuel, educationist and agriculturist. Hartmann, Moritz, German poet and novelist. Hartmann von Aue, German poet. Hartshorn, Spirits of. Harun er Rashid, or Haroun al Raschid (q.v.), caliph of Baghdad. Haruspices, Roman soothsayers. Harvard College, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Harvest-Bug, arachnid. Harvey, Gabriel, English writer. Harvey, Sir George, Scottish painter. Harvey, William, discoverer of circulation of the blood. Harwich, town, England. Harz Mountains, or Harzgebirge, Germany. Harzburg, or Neustadt-Harzburg, town, Prussia. Hasan and Husein, heroes of a Moslem passion play. Hasbeya, or Hasbeiya, town, Syria. Hasdrubal, Carthaginian generals. Haslingden, town, England. Haspe, town, Prussia. Hassan, district, India. Hassan b. Sabbah, founder of the Assassins (q.v.). Hasse, Johann Adolph, musical composer. Hasselquist, Frederick, Swedish naturalist. Hasselt, town, Belgium. Hassenpflug, Hans Daniel Ludwig Friedrich, German politician. Hastinapur, town, India. Hastings, town, England. Hastings, Warren, governor-general of India. Hastings, First Marquis of, governor-general of India. Hat, Hats. Hatfield, or Bishop’s Hatfield, town, England. Hathras, or Hatras, town, India. Hattingen, town, Prussia. Hatto I., bishop of Mainz Hatvan, town, Hungary. Hatzfeld, town, Hungary. Hauch, Johannes Carsten, Danish poet. Hauff, Wilhelm, German novelist. Haug, Johann Christoph Friedrich, German epigrammatist. Haug, Martin, German Orientalist. Hauge, Hans Nielsen, founder of a Norwegian sect. Haupt, Moritz, Germman musical composer. Hauptmann, Moritz, German musical composer. Hauran, or Bashan (q.v.), district, Syria. Hauser, Kaspar, mysterious German youth. Haüy, René Just, French mineralogist. Havana, Havannah, or Habana, town, Cuba, West Indies. Havelberg, town, Prussia. Havelock, Sir Henry, British general. Havercamp, Sigebert, Dutch scholar and numismatist. Haverfordwest, town, Wales. Haverhill, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Havre, Le, town, France. Hawaiian Islands (Sandwich Islands), North Pacific. Hawarden, town, Wales. Hawes, Stephen, English poet. Hawes, William, English musician. Hawfinch, bird. Hawick, town, Scotland. Hawk, bird. Hawke, Lord, English admiral. Hawkesworth, John, English writer. Hawkins, Sir John, English navigator. Hawkins, Sir John, English writer on music. Hawkwood, Sir John, English adventurer. Hawthorn, plant. Hawthorne, Nathaniel, American writer. Haxthausen, Baron von, German political writer. Haydn, Joseph, Austrian musical composer. Haydon, Benjamin Robert, English painter and critic. Hay-Fever, or Summer Catarrh, disease. Hayley, William, English poet and critic. Hayne, Robert Young, American statesman. Hayter, Sir George, English painter. Hayti, island, West Indies. Hayward, Sir John, early English historian. Hazara, or Huzara, district, India. Hazaras, tribe, Afghanistan (q.v.). Hazard, game played with dice. Hazaribagh, district & town, India. Hazebrouck, town, France. Hazel, tree. Hazel-Hen, or Grouse (q.v.), bird. Hazleton, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Hazlitt, William, English critic. | Head, Sir Edmund Walker, English art critic. Head, Sir Francis Bond, English traveller and author. Head, Sir George, English writer. Hearne, Samuel, English Arctic explorer. Hearne, Thomas, English antiquary. Heart, Diseases of the. ... Angina Pectoris. Heat. Calorimetry. Thermometry. Thermoscopes Differential and Intrinsic. Transference of Heat. Mathematical Appendix. Heath, plant. Heathcoat, John, inventor of lace-making machines. Heating, Apparatus for. Heaven, in eschatology (q.v.). Hebbel, Friedrich, German poet and dramatist. Hebe, of Greek mythology. Heber, Reginald, bishop of Calcutta. Heberden, William, English physician. Hébert, Jacques René, French Revolutionist. Hebrew Language and Literature. Hebrews, Epistle to the. Hebrides, or Western Isles, islands, Scotland. Hebron, of Scripture. Hecatæus of Miletus, Greek geographer. Hecatæus of Abdera, Greek historian and philosopher. Hecate, Greek goddess. Heckmondwyke, town, England. Hecla, volcano, Iceland (q.v.). Hector, Trojan hero. Hecuba, wife of Priam of Troy. Heda, Willem Claasz, Dutch painter. Hedgehog, insectivorous mammal. Hedge-Sparrow, bird (See Sparrow). Heem, Cornelius, David, and Johannes, Dutch painters. Heemskerk, Johan van, Dutch poet. Heemskerk, Martin Jacobsz, Dutch painter. Heeren, Arnold Hermann Ludwig, German historian. Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, German philosopher. Hegel’s Philosophy. Heiberg, Johan Ludvig, Danish poet. Heide, town, Prussia. Heidegger, John Henry, Swiss theologian. Heidelberg, town, Germany. Heideloff, Karl Alexander von, German architect. Heilbronn, town, Würtemberg, Germany. Heiligenstadt, town, Prussia. Heilsberg, town, Prussia. Heilsbronn, or Kloster-Heilsbronn, town, Bavaria. Heim, François Joseph, French painter. Heine, Heinrich, German poet and journalist. Heineccius, Johann Gottlieb, German jurist. Heinecken, Christian Heinrich, precocious German child. Heinse, Johann Jacob Wilhelm, German romancist. Heinsius, or Heins, Daniel, Dutch scholar. Heinsius, Nikolaes, Dutch scholar. Heinsius, Nikolaes, Dutch romancist. Heir-at-Law (See Inheritance). Helder, township, Holland. Helena, or Helen, of Greek legend. Helena, St, mother of Constantine the Great. Helensburgh, town, Scotland. Hêliand, or Heiland, old Saxon poem. Helicon, mountain, Greece. Heligoland, island, North Sea. Heliodorus, Greek romance-writer. Heliogabalus, Roman emperor. Heliography, signalling by mirrors. Heliopolis, ancient towns in Syria (See Baalbec) & Egypt (q.v.). Heliotrope, plant. Heliotrope, or Bloodstone, mineral. Hell, in eschatology (q.v.). Hellanicus, Greek logographer and historian. Hellebore, plant. Hellenists, Greek-speaking people. Hellespont, strait, Turkey. Hellin, town, Spain. Helmers, Jan Frederik, Dutch poet. Helmet, or Helm, headpiece. Helmond, town, Holland. Helmont, Jean Baptiste van, mystic and alchemist. Helmstädt, or Helmstedt, town, Germany. Héloise, Abelard (q.v.)’s wife. Helots, Spartan bondmen. Helps, Sir Arthur, English writer. Helsingborg, town, Sweden. Helsingfors, town, Finland, Russia. Helst, Bartholomæus van der, Dutch painter. Helston, town, England. Helvetii (See Switzerland). Helvétius, Claude Adrien, French philosopher. Helvidius Priscus, Roman senator. Helvoetsluys, town, Holland. Helyot, Pierre, French monastic historian. Hemans, Felicia Dorothea, English poetess. Hemel-Hempstead, town, England. Hemerobaptists, ancient Jewish sect. Hemingford, or Hemmingford, Walter, English chronicler. Hemiptera, order of insects. Hemling (Memling, q.v.). Hemlock, plant. Hemp. Hems, Homs, or Hums, town, Syria. Hemsterhuis, François, Dutch philosopher. Hemsterhuis, Tiberius, Dutch philologist. Hénault, Charles Jean François, French historian. Henbane, plant. Henderson, Alexander, Scottish ecclesiastic. Henderson, Ebenezer, Scottish missionary and writer. Hengstenberg, Ernst Wilhelm, German theologian. Henke, Heinrich Philipp Konrad, German theologian. Henley, John (Orator Henley), English writer. Henley-on-Thames, town, England. Henna, plant. Hennebont, town, France. Hennequin, Philippe Auguste, French painter. Hennersdorf, or Seifhennersdorf, town, Saxony. Henrietta Maria, wife of Charles I. of England. Henry I., king of England. Henry II., of England. Henry III., of England. Henry IV., of England. Henry V., of England. Henry VI., of England. Henry VII., of England. Henry VIII., of England. Henry I., German king. Henry II., emperor. Henry III., emperor. Henry IV., emperor. Henry V., emperor. Henry VI., emperor. Henry VII., emperor. Henry I., king of France. Henry II., of France. Henry III., of France. Henry IV., of France (III. of Navarre). Henry I., king of Portugal. Henry I., king of Castile. Henry II., of Castile. Henry III., of Castile. Henry IV., of Castile. Henry I., king of Navarre. Henry II., king of Navarre. Henry III., of Navarre (Henry IV. of France, q.v.). Henry, Prince, the Navigator, of Portugal. Henry, the Lion, duke of Saxony and Bavaria. Henry, the Deacon, monk of Cluny. Henry of Ghent, scholastic writer. Henry of Huntingdon, English chronicler. Henry, Joseph, American physicist. Henry, Matthew, English Biblical commentator. Henry, Patrick, American statesman. Henry, Robert, Scottish historian. Henry, William, English chemist. Henryson, Robert, early Scottish poet. Henslowe, Philip, English dramatist. Henzada, district, British Burmah. Hepatica, garden perennial (See Liverwort), Hephæstion, friend of Alexander the Great. Hephæstion, grammarian of Alexandria. Hephæstus, Greek god (the Latin Vulcan). Hera, Greek goddess (the Latin Juno). Heraclea, or Heracleia, ancient towns. Heracleon, Italian gnostic. Heracles, or Hercules (q.v.), of Greek legend. Heraclides Ponticus, Greek miscellaneous writer. Heraclitus of Ephesus, Greek metaphysician. Heraclius, emperor of the East. Heraldry. Herat, town, Afghanistan. Hérault, department, France. Herbarium, or Hortus Siccus. Herbart, Johann Friedrich, German philosopher. Herbelot, Barthélemy d’, French Orientalist. Herbert, George, English religious poet. Herbert, Henry William, English novelist and writer on sports. Herbert, Sir Thomas, English traveller and writer. Herbert, Lord, of Cherbury, English philosopher. Herculaneum, ancient town, Italy. Hercules, of Greek mythology. Herder, Johann Gottfried von, German writer. Hereford, county & town, England. Herencia, town, Spain. Hereroland, or Damaraland, district, South-West Africa. Heresy. Herford, town, Prussia. Heriot, obligation attaching to copyhold tenure (q.v.). Heriot, George, founder of Heriot’s Hospital, Edinburgh. Herisau, town, Switzerland. Heristal, or Herstal (q.v.), town, Belgium. Heritable Jurisdictions, in Scots law. Herlen, Fritz, German painter. Hermann, German hero (See Germany). Hermann, German chronicler. Hermann, Friedrich Benedict Wilhelm von, German political economist. Hermann, Johann Gottfried Jakob, German philologist. Hermann, Karl Friedrich, German scholar. Hermannstadt, town, Hungary. Hermas, Pastor or Shepherd of, early Christian work (See Apostolic Fathers). Hermeneutics, Biblical. Hermes, Greek god (the Roman Mercury). Hermes, Georg, German Catholic theologian. Hermes Trismegistus, of Egyptian mythology. Hermesianax, Greek poet. Hermogenes, of Tarsus, Greek rhetorician. Hermon, mountain, Syria. Hermosillo, town, Mexico. Hermsdorf, town, Prussia. Hermupolis, or Hermopolis, town, Syra (q.v.), Greece. Hernia, disease. Hernösand, town, Sweden. Hero and Leander, of Greek legend. Herod, the Great, king of the Jews. Herod Antipas, tetrarch of Galilee. Herod Philip, tetrarch of Galilee. Herodians, Jewish sect. Herodianus, Greek historian. Herodianus, Ælius, Roman grammarian. Herodotus, Greek historian. Hérold, Louis Joseph Ferdinand, French musician. Heron, or Hero, mathematician of Alexandria. Heron, the Younger, Byzantine scientist. Heron, bird. Herophilus, Alexandrian physician (See Anatomy). Herrera, Fernando de, Spanish poet. Herrera, Francisco, the Elder, Spanish painter. Herrera, Francisco, the Younger, Spanish painter. Herrera y Tordesillas, Antonio de, Spanish historian. Herrick, Robert, English poet. Herring, fish. Herrnhut, town, Saxony, seat of the Moravian Brethren. Herschel, Caroline Lucretia, astronomer. Herschel, Sir Frederick William, astronomer. Herschel, Sir John F. W., astronomer. Hersent, Louis, French painter. Hersfeld, town, Prussia. Herstal, or Heristal, town, Belgium. Hertford, county & town, England. Hertz, Henrik, Danish poet. Hertzen, Alexander, Russian writer. Heruli, or Herulians, ancient Germanic tribe. Hervey, James, English religious writer. Hervey, Lord, English politician and writer. Herzegovina, province, Austria-Hungary. Herzogenbusch, or ’s Hertogenbosch (Bois-le-Duc, q.v.). Hesekiel, George Louis, German author. Hesiod, Greek poet. Hesperides, of Greek legend. Hess, family of German painters. Hesse, or Hessia, old country of Germany. Hesse-Cassel, or Kurhessen, state, Germany. Hesse-Darmstadt, grand-duchy, Germany. Hesse-Homburg, province, Germany. Hessian Fly, insect. Hessus, Helius Eobanus, German Humanist. Hestia, Greek goddess (the Roman Vesta). Hesychasts, sect, Greek Church. Hesychius, Alexandrian grammarian. Hettstädt, town, Prussia. Heuglin, Theodor von, German traveller. Heusch, Willem, Dutch painter. Hèvelius or Hövelke, Johann, German astronomer. Hexham, town, England. Heyden, Jan van der, Dutch painter. Heyduke, or Hajduk (q.v.), district, Hungary. Heylin, Peter, English writer. Heyne, Christian Gottlob, German critic and archæologist. Heywood, town, England. Heywood, John, English epigrammist. Heywood, Thomas, English dramatist. Hezekiah, king of Judah. Hibernation, of animals. Hickes, George, non-juring divine. Hickory, tree. Hicks, Elias, founder of a Quaker sect. Hierapolis, ancient towns, Syria & Phrygia, Asia Minor. Hierarchy. Hierax, or Hieracas, Greek ascetic. Hiero, tyrants of Syracuse. Hierocles, Roman proconsul. Hierocles, Neoplatonic writer. Hieroglyphics. Introduction. The Systems of Writing. Characters in Relation to their Use in Writing. Secret Writing. The Use of Hieroglyphics in Grammar. The Supposed Derivation of the Phœnician from the Egyptian Alphabet. Bibliography. Hieronymites, or Sancti Hieronymi Eremitæ, order of monks. Higdon or Higden, Ranulf, English chronicler. Highgate, suburb of London. High Places, of Scripture. Highways, Law of. Hilarion, St, Palestinian ascetic. Hilarius, Hilarus, or Hilary, bishop of Rome. Hilarius, or Hilary, St, bishop of Arles. Hilarius, St, bishop of Poitiers. Hilda, St, abbess of Hartlepool and Whitby, England. Hildburghausen, town, Germany. Hildebert, Hydalbert, Gildebert, or Aldebert, bishop of Tours. Hildebrand (Pope Gregory VII., q.v.). Hildebrandslied, old German poem. Hildebrandt, Eduard, German painter. Hildebrandt, Theodor, German painter. Hildegard, German abbess and mystic. Hilden, town, Prussia. Hildesheim, town, Hanover, Prussia. Hildreth, Richard, American writer. Hill, Aaron, English poet and dramatist. Hill, Matthew Davenport, English criminal law reformer. Hill, Rowland, English preacher. Hill, Sir Rowland, originator of penny postal system. Hill, Viscount, English general. Hillah, town, Asiatic Turkey. Hillard, George Stillman, American writer. Hillel, Jewish rabbi. Hiller, John Adam, German musical composer. Hill Tipperah, state, India. Hilton, William, English painter. Hilversum, town, Holland. Himalaya, mountains, India. Himera, town, Sicily. Himmel, Frederick Henry, German musical composer. Hinckley, town, England. Hincmar, archbishop of Rheims, theologian. Hindley, town, England. Hindol, state, India. Hindu Kush, mountains, Afghanistan. Hindur, or Nalagarh, hill state, India. Hindustan, or India (q.v.). Hindustani Language and Literature. Hinganghat, town, India. Hinojosa del Duque, town, Spain. Hinton, James, English surgeon and writer. Hiogo, or Fiogo, town, Japan. Hipparchus, Greek astronomer. Hippel, Theodor Gottlieb von, German humorist. Hippo, or Hippo Regius, ancient town, Numidia (See Bône). Hippocampus, or Sea-Horse, genus of fishes. Hippocrates, the so-called Father of Medicine. Hippolytus, ecclesiastical writer. Hippolytus, St, martyr. Hipponax of Ephesus, Greek poet. Hippopotamus, ungulate animal. |