OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Bowie, James

Edition of 1900.
​BOWIE, James, soldier, b. in Burke co., Ga., about 1790; d. in Alamo, Texas, 6 March, 1836. He settled in 1802 in Chatahoula parish, Louisiana, with his parents, and became notorious from his participation in a severe contest that took place opposite Natchez, on the Mississippi, in August, 1827. A duel having been arranged between Dr. Maddox and Samuel Wells, they met on a low sand-bar near the city, outside the state limits. After the difficulty had been adjusted by the exchange of two shots without effect, the principals were joined by parties of friends, and a general melée took place, in which fifteen of the number were wounded and six killed. Bowie, who had been shot early in the engagement, drew his knife, which had been made from a blacksmith's rasp or large file, and killed Maj. Norris Wright with it. After the conflict, the weapon was sent to Philadelphia, where it was fashioned by a cutler into the form of a knife, which style of weapon has since become famous as the “Bowie knife.” When the original was received by Bowie, he was told: “It is more trustworthy in the hands of a strong man than a pistol, for it will not snap.” Later he emigrated to Texas with his brother, and took a prominent part in the Texan revolution. He fought in the engagement near San Saba, 2 Nov., 1831, and in the battles with the Mexicans near Nacogdoches and at Concepcion during 1835. He attained the grade of colonel and commanded at Grass Fight, 25 Oct., 1835. In January, 1836, he was ordered to Bexar; later he joined Cols. Travis and Crockett, and was killed with them at the taking of the Alamo.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Heilprin, Phineas Mendel

Edition of 1892.
​HEILPRIN, Phineas Mendel, scholar, b. in Lublin, Russian Poland, in November, 1801; d. in Washington, D. C., 30 Jan., 1863. He early settled in Piotrkow and subsequently in Tomaszow, where he became a manufacturer and merchant, but, in consequence of oppression by the Russian government, he removed in 1842 to Hungary. His sympathy was with the people in 1848, and after the failure of the revolutionary movement he determined to leave the country. In 1859 he came to the United States, where he remained until his death.He was a close student of the Talmud, and also of the Greek and later German philosophers, acquiring a high reputation among Jewish scholars as a conservative reformer. His works, written in Hebrew, include several controversial writings, dealing with the reform movement among the Jews. — His son, Michael, b. in Piotrkow, Poland, in 1823; d. in Summit, N. J., 10 May, 1888. He joined the Hungarians in 1848, and was attached in 1849 to the literary bureau of the department of the interior during Kossuth's brief sway. In 1856 he came to the United States, and soon acquired a reputation for scholarship, both in the oriental and modern languages. He was a frequent contributor to literary journals, and his work in connection with the “American Cyclopædia” shows his industry, breadth of view, and exact scholarly attainments. Mr. Heilprin felt a special interest in the ​Russian-Jewish emigrants to the United States since 1882, and his intelligent direction and ardent personal sympathy led to the establishment of several successful agricultural colonies in this country. He published “The Historical Poetry of the Ancient Hebrews” (vols. i. and ii., New York, 1879-'80). — Michael's son, Louis, writer, b. in Miskolcz, Hungary, 2 July, 1851, came with his father to the United States in 1856. His education was received from private sources, and he has been associated with his father in literary work. He has published “The Historical Reference-Book” (New York, 1885). — Another son of Michael, Angelo, naturalist, b. in Satoralja-Ujhely, Hungary, 31 March, 1853, came to this country in 1856, but afterward returned to Europe for his education, and studied natural history in London, Geneva, Florence, and Vienna. In 1880 he was appointed professor of invertebrate paleontology at the Academy of natural sciences in Philadelphia, in 1883 was made curator in charge of the museum, and in 1885 became professor of geology at the Wagner free institute of science in Philadelphia. Prof. Heilprin is also an artist of ability, and has exhibited “Autumn's First Whisper” (1880) at the Pennsylvania academy of fine arts, and “Forest Exiles” (1883) at the Boston museum of fine arts. His scientific publications include “Contributions to the Tertiary Geology and Paleontology of the United States” (Philadelphia, 1884); “Town Geology: The Lesson of the Philadelphia Rocks” (1885); “The Geographical and Geological Distribution of Animals” (New York, 1887); and “Explorations on the West Coast of Florida and in the Okeechobee Wilderness” (Philadelphia, 1887).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Heiss, Michael

Edition of 1892.
​HEISS, Michael, archbishop, b. in Pfahldorf, Bavaria, 12 April, 1818; d. in La Crosse, Wis., 26 March, 1890. He was a student in the University of Munich from 1835 till 1839, in the law and afterward in theology. He then entered the theological seminary in Eichstadt and was ordained priest by Cardinal Reisach, 18 Oct., 1840, although he had not yet attained the canonical age. A visit of Archbishop Purcell, of Cincinnati, first suggested to him the idea of laboring in the United States. He arrived in New York, 17 Dec., 1842, and in 1843 became pastor of the Church of the Mother of God, in Covington, Ky. In 1844 his friend, Dr. Henni, was appointed bishop of Milwaukee, and on the invitation of this prelate he went to Wisconsin, where, besides acting as secretary to the bishop, he engaged in missionary work. In 1846 he founded the Church of St. Mary in Milwaukee, the first Roman Catholic parochial church and the first church built of brick in that city. He was in Europe for his health in 1850-'2, and on his return opened an ecclesiastical school in his own house. Afterward the Seminary of St. Francis de Sales was founded on the shores of Lake Michigan, and Father Heiss was appointed its first rector. About this time he became noted as a theological writer. When the diocese of La Crosse, on the Mississippi, was founded, he was named for the new see, and was consecrated bishop, 6 Sept., 1868. The diocese of Bishop Heiss extended over that part of Wisconsin north and west of Wisconsin river as far as the Mississippi. Under his administration several Roman Catholic churches were erected, the new cathedral was built, the Sisters of St. Francis were established in La Crosse, and an episcopal residence was built at his own expense. Twenty-five parochial schools and two asylums were opened. St. John's college was founded at Prairie du Chien, and other schools were built. During the twelve years when he had charge of the diocese, the number of churches had increased from forty to eighty-six. In 1880 he was nominated coadjutor to Archbishop Henni, of Milwaukee, with right of succession, and he was created Archbishop of Adrianople in partibus infidelium, 14 March of that year. He became metropolitan of Milwaukee in September, 1881. Archbishop Heiss took an active part as theologian in the Baltimore council of 1849, in that of St. Louis in 1855, and in the plenary council of Baltimore of 1866. He was one of the chief members of the Vatican council of 1869-'70, and also a member of one of the four great commissions, each of which consisted of twelve bishops, who represented all parts of the world. His theological works, which include “Ueber die vier Evangelien,” and “Ueber die Ehe,” were published in Milwaukee.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Heitzman, Charles

Edition of 1892.
​HEITZMAN, Charles, physician, b. in Vinkovcze, Hungary, 2 Oct., 1836. His father, Martin Heitzman, was a surgeon in the Austrian army. The son was educated in the University of Pesth and in that of Vienna, where he was graduated in 1859. He then lectured on morbid anatomy in the Vienna university, and in 1874 came to New York, where he established a laboratory for microscopical research. His specialty is dermatology, and he was vice-president of the American dermatological society, besides being a member of other medical associations. His publications include “Chirurgische, Pathologie und Therapie” (2 vols., 1864-'8); “Descriptive and Topographical Anatomy of Man in 600 Illustrations” (2 vols., 3d ed., 1886); and papers on “Kenntniss der Dünndarmzotten” and “Untersuchungen über das Protoplasma,” in the “Transactions of the Imperial Academy of Sciences” (Vienna, 1867-73). His chief work is “Microscopic Morphology of the Animal Body” (1873).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Helias d'Humonde, Ferdinand Mary

Edition of 1892.
​HELIAS D'HUMONDE, Ferdinand Mary, clergyman, b. in Ghent, Belgium, 3 Aug., 1796; d. in Toas, Cole co., Mo., 11 Aug., 1874. He belonged to a noble Belgian family, and his brother was prime-minister of that kingdom for several years. Ferdinand entered the Society of Jesus in 1817, and at the close of his novitiate was appointed professor and prefect of studies in the high-school of Brieg, Switzerland. After several years he was summoned to Rome to act as assistant secretary to the father-general of the order, and subsequently was assigned to the American mission. He arrived in the United States, 19 May, 1833, and was immediately appointed master of novices in the Jesuit college, Frederick, Md. Shortly afterward he organized at St. Louis a German congregation, which, through his labors, became one of the largest in the country. He also built St. Joseph's church for the use of the German Catholics. In ​1838 he organized the first German congregation outside of St. Louis at Washington, Franklin co., Mo., and founded a church. From Washington he made his way through the wilderness, with compass in hand, to Westphalia, Osage co., where he organized a church and founded a mission. In course of time he organized congregations and built churches in Rich Fountain in the same county, in Saint Thomas and Jefferson City, in Toas, Cole co., in Booneville, Cooper co., and in several other places. His missionary labors extended to Westport and Independence, the extreme western settlements of the state. For the last twenty-four years of his life he was principally stationed at Toas, near Jefferson City. Notwithstanding his advanced age, he continued to perform his functions until the day before his death.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Heister, Leopold Philip de

Edition of 1892.
​HEISTER, Leopold Philip de, soldier, b. in 1707; d. in Hesse-Cassel, 19 Nov., 1777. He was a crippled veteran of many campaigns when he was selected to command the Hessian troops that were hired by the British government for service against the American colonies. He landed on Long Island near New Utrecht with two full Hessian brigades on 25 Aug., 1776, three days after the arrival of Gen. William Howe with the British troops. The tedious passage of thirteen weeks from Spithead had tried him sorely; “his patience and tobacco had become exhausted. He called for hock, and swallowed large potations to the health of his friends.” Soon after debarking, the invading army prepared for marching, the Hessians under De Heister forming the centre, or main body. They cannonaded the works at Flatbush pass, and De Heister ordered Count Donop to storm the redoubt, while he pressed forward with his troops. “Our Hessians and our brave Highlanders gave no quarter,” wrote a British officer, “and it was a fine sight to see with what alacrity they despatched the rebels with their bayonets, after we surrounded them so they could not resist.” Heister also commanded the Hessians at White Plains, 28 Oct., 1776.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Hehl, Matthew

Edition of 1892.
​HEHL, Matthew, Moravian bishop, b. in Ebersbach, Würtemberg, 30 April, 1705; d. in Lititz, Pa., 4 Dec., 1787. He was graduated at the University of Tübingen, and after being consecrated to the episcopacy, 24 Sept., 1751, in London, came to this country as assistant of Bishop Spangenberg (q. v.). His first seat was at Bethlehem, Pa., where he superintended the neighboring country churches and the educational institutions of the Moravians. In 1756 he transferred his residence to Lititz, Lancaster co., Pa., and for twenty-eight years had the oversight of the churches of that vicinity, as also of those in Maryland, retaining his seat in the governing board at Bethlehem. Hehl was a learned divine, an eloquent preacher, and wrote numerous hymns.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Heilprin, Phineas Michael

Edition of 1892.
​HEILPRIN, Phineas Mendel, scholar, b. in Lublin, Russian Poland, in November, 1801; d. in Washington, D. C., 30 Jan., 1863. He early settled in Piotrkow and subsequently in Tomaszow, where he became a manufacturer and merchant, but, in consequence of oppression by the Russian government, he removed in 1842 to Hungary. His sympathy was with the people in 1848, and after the failure of the revolutionary movement he determined to leave the country. In 1859 he came to the United States, where he remained until his death.He was a close student of the Talmud, and also of the Greek and later German philosophers, acquiring a high reputation among Jewish scholars as a conservative reformer. His works, written in Hebrew, include several controversial writings, dealing with the reform movement among the Jews. — His son, Michael, b. in Piotrkow, Poland, in 1823; d. in Summit, N. J., 10 May, 1888. He joined the Hungarians in 1848, and was attached in 1849 to the literary bureau of the department of the interior during Kossuth's brief sway. In 1856 he came to the United States, and soon acquired a reputation for scholarship, both in the oriental and modern languages. He was a frequent contributor to literary journals, and his work in connection with the “American Cyclopædia” shows his industry, breadth of view, and exact scholarly attainments. Mr. Heilprin felt a special interest in the ​Russian-Jewish emigrants to the United States since 1882, and his intelligent direction and ardent personal sympathy led to the establishment of several successful agricultural colonies in this country. He published “The Historical Poetry of the Ancient Hebrews” (vols. i. and ii., New York, 1879-'80). — Michael's son, Louis, writer, b. in Miskolcz, Hungary, 2 July, 1851, came with his father to the United States in 1856. His education was received from private sources, and he has been associated with his father in literary work. He has published “The Historical Reference-Book” (New York, 1885). — Another son of Michael, Angelo, naturalist, b. in Satoralja-Ujhely, Hungary, 31 March, 1853, came to this country in 1856, but afterward returned to Europe for his education, and studied natural history in London, Geneva, Florence, and Vienna. In 1880 he was appointed professor of invertebrate paleontology at the Academy of natural sciences in Philadelphia, in 1883 was made curator in charge of the museum, and in 1885 became professor of geology at the Wagner free institute of science in Philadelphia. Prof. Heilprin is also an artist of ability, and has exhibited “Autumn's First Whisper” (1880) at the Pennsylvania academy of fine arts, and “Forest Exiles” (1883) at the Boston museum of fine arts. His scientific publications include “Contributions to the Tertiary Geology and Paleontology of the United States” (Philadelphia, 1884); “Town Geology: The Lesson of the Philadelphia Rocks” (1885); “The Geographical and Geological Distribution of Animals” (New York, 1887); and “Explorations on the West Coast of Florida and in the Okeechobee Wilderness” (Philadelphia, 1887).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Hein, Piet

Edition of 1892.
​HEIN, Piet, Dutch naval officer, b. in Delftshaven in 1570 ; d. at sea, 20 Aug., 1629. His father was a sailor on a man-of-war, and when scarcely fifteen years old the son became an apprentice under him. Both were captured by the Spaniards, and remained four years in the galleys, suffering so much that young Piet swore to revenge himself. He rose, by gallantry, to be vice-admiral of the East India company in 1616, and directed the armament of the fleet that was sent in 1624 against the Spanish colonies of South America. Jacob Willekens was appointed admiral, and Hein his chief-of-staff. The fleet arrived at Morro de Sao Paulo, thirty-six miles from Bahia, on 9 May. 1625, and the admirals immediately began operations. Diego de Mendoca, governor-general of Brazil, together with Marcos Texeira, bishop of Bahia, defended the place valiantly, but. on 10 June, Hein, after a hot engagement, crossed the bar of the harbor of San Salvador, and, by threatening the city with bombardment, obliged the governor to capitulate. Willekens returned to Holland on 2 Aug.,1625, leaving Hein with the marines and twelve men-of-war. During his absence on an expedition against Espiritu Santo, a strong Portuguese and Spanish fleet recaptured Bahia, and Hein sailed for Amsterdam, where he arrived in October, 1625, bringing enormous spoils. In the following year the East India company appointed him admiral, and gave him the command of a fleet of thirteen vessels, with orders to attack the coast of Brazil again. On 3 May, 1626, he attacked Todos os Santos, Bahia, and captured twenty-one merchant vessels that were anchored in the" harbor, losing only three of his own ships. After a successful ex- pedition against Rio Janeiro, where he also captured many prizes, he returned to the Texel, 26 Oct., 1626. Two years later the company sent Hein to capture the treasure-fleet that every year brought to Spain the tribute of the American colonies. With a fleet of twenty-four vessels he sailed from the Texel, 20 May, 1628, and, lying in wait at Havana, he met, on 9 Sept., near the coast of Cuba, the Spanish fleet of twenty well-armed vessels, and captured it after a desperate battle. The value of the booty was estimated at 18,000,000 piastres, and Hein was rewarded by the appointment of grand admiral of Holland. In the spring of 1629 he set out with a powerful fleet against the corsairs of Dunkerque, and, meeting a Spanish squadron on his way, defeated it, but received in the action a mortal wound. His country erected for him a mausoleum at Delft.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Heintzelman, Samuel Peter

Edition of 1892.
HEINTZELMAN, Samuel Peter, soldier, b. in Manheim, Lancaster co., Pa., 30 Sept., 1805: d. in Washington, D. C., 1 May, 1880. He was graduated at the U. S. military academy in 1826, and entered the army as 2d lieutenant of infantry. He spent several years in border service and had his first experience of war in Florida, against the Indians. He served during the Mexican war with the rank of captain. At Huamantla he won distinction for bravery, and on 9 Oct., 1847, he was brevetted major. He organized a battalion of recruits and convalescent soldiers at Vera Cruz, and marched them to the city of Mexico. From 1849 till 1855 he served in California, where he had some rough experience with the Coyote and Yuma Indians, and established Fort Yuma on the Colorado river. In 1859-'60 he was in command of the troops on the Rio Grande against Mexican marauders. In May, 1861, he was brevetted lieutenant-colonel for meritorious services against the Indians in California, and ordered to Washington to take the office of inspector-general of the forces. In May of the same year he was commissioned colonel of the 17th regular infantry. On 17 May he was appointed brigadier-general of volunteers, and ordered to the command of a brigade at Alexandria. He commanded a division of McDowell's army at Bull Run, and was wounded. During the organization of the army under Gen. McClellan, in the winter of 1861-'2, he retained command of his division. When the Army of the Potomac began to move, in March, 1862, Heintzelman was in command of the 3d army corps, was in the battle of Williamsburg on 5 May, was made major-general of volunteers on the same day, took an active part in the battle of Fair Oaks, where he commanded the 3d and 4th corps, and for his gallantry in both the first and second day's fighting was brevetted brigadier-general in the regular army. At the head of his command he took part in the seven days' fighting around Richmond, afterward joined Pope in his Virginia campaign, and at the second battle of Bull Run his corps formed the right wing of Pope's army. During the Maryland campaign he was in command of the defences at Washington, and later he was appointed to the command of the Department of Washington, and of the 22d army corps, which appointment he held during the battles of ​Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. He was relieved in October, 1863, and in January of the following year was put in command of the Northern Department, embracing Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, and Illinois. For some time before August, 1865, he was on court-martial duty. In March of that year he was brevetted major-general in the regular army, and in September resumed command of the 17th infantry, in New York harbor and in Texas. On 22 Feb., 1869, he was retired with the rank of colonel, and on 29 April, by special act of congress, was placed on the retired list, with the rank of major-general, to date from 22 Feb. His public career ended with his retirement from the army.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Helfenstein, John Conrad Albert

Edition of 1892.
​HELFENSTEIN, John Conrad Albert, clergyman, b. in Moszbach, Germany, 16 Feb., 1748; d. in Germantown, Pa., 17 May, 1790. He studied theology at Heidelberg, and was appointed by the synod of Holland missionary to America, with Rev. John H. Helffrich and Rev. John G. Gebhard. Soon after his arrival in New York, 14 Jan., 1772, he took charge of a congregation in Germantown, and was one of the fathers of the German Reformed church in this country. In 1775 he accepted a call to Lancaster, Pa., where he frequently preached to the Hessian prisoners. He returned to Germantown in 1779, and remained there till his death. Several small volumes of his sermons have been published.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Thayer, Thomas Baldwin

Edition of 1889.
​THAYER, Thomas Baldwin, clergyman, b. in Boston, Mass., 10 Sept., 1812; d. in Roxbury, Mass., 12 Feb., 1886. He entered Harvard at an early ​age, but left after the first year and began to teach, at the same time studying divinity. He was ordained in 1832, and in 1833-'45 was pastor of the 1st Universalist society in Lowell, where his ministry was important in the history of Universalism in New England. During the crusade against Universalism, in 1840-'2, he established and edited in its defence the “Star of Bethlehem,” and with his co-worker, Rev. Abel C. Thomas, wrote the “Lowell Tracts” in the same interest. Mr. Thayer was called to a pastorate in Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1845, where he edited the “Golden Rule” in the interest of the fraternity of Odd-Fellows. After six years he returned to his old parish in Lowell. In 1859 he became pastor of the Shawmut avenue church, Boston, which charge he resigned in 1867. In 1862 Dr. Thayer assumed the editorship of the “Universalist Quarterly,” which contains some of his most important literary work. He continued these labors, with an interval of travel in Europe and the East, until his last illness. He received the degree of D. D. from Tufts college in 1865, and he was for many years on the board of overseers of Harvard. Dr. Thayer was a biblical scholar of rare breadth, and a pioneer in Universalist literature. He wrote much verse that has never been collected, and published “Christianity against Infidelity” (Boston, 1833; enlarged, Cincinnati, 1849); “Bible Class Assistant” (Boston, 1840); “History of the Origin of Endless Punishment” (1855); “Theology of Universalism” (1862); and “Over the River” (1864).