OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Evans, Edward (1716-1798)

​EVANS, EDWARD (1716–1798), Welsh poet, was a ‘bard according to the rites and ceremonies of the bards of Britain,’ and his pedigree is traced in one unbroken line to the ancient Druids (Jones, Hist. of Wales, pp. 224–6). He was pastor at the Old Meeting House, Aberdare, from 1772 to 1798, and is said to have ‘devoted his time faithfully to his religious duties, to the satisfaction of a large number of people, who attended from the country from a distance of many miles.’ He published:
* A Welsh translation of S. Bourne's ‘Catechism,’ 1757.
* ‘Book of Ecclesiastes done into Verse by E. E. and Lewis Hopkin,’ Bristol, 1767.
* ‘An Address delivered before the Association of Ministers at Dref Wen, near Newcastle Emlyn, with two Hymns,’ 1775.
His poetical works were collected and edited by his son, Rees Evans (1778–1869), 1st edition, Merthyr, 1804; 2nd, Merthyr, 1816; 3rd, Merthyr, 1837; 4th, Aberdare, 1875. He died 21 June 1798, the day on which he had arranged to meet the other bards of the Chair of Glamorgan.
[Church Records of the Meeting House, Aberdare; Jones's Geiriadur Bywgraffyddol, i. 340; Yr Ymofynydd, 1854, p. 58.]
R. J. J.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Halliday, Andrew (1781-1839)

​HALLIDAY, Sir ANDREW, M.D. (1781–1839), physician, was born at Dumfries, Scotland, in 1781. He was at first educated for the presbyterian ministry, but preferred medicine and graduated M.D. at Edinburgh on 24 June 1806. He travelled for a time in Russia, and on his return settled in practice at Halesowen, Worcestershire, but soon joined the army as a surgeon. He served in the Peninsula with the Portuguese army, and in 1811 was contemplating a history of the war (Gurwood, Wellington Despatches, iv. 524, 532). He afterwards entered the British service, and was present at the assault of Bergen-op-Zoom and at Waterloo. He became domestic physician to the Duke of Clarence (afterwards William IV), and travelled on ​the continent with him. He became a licentiate of the College of Physicians on 22 Dec. 1819, and was knighted by George IV in 1821, He was given the post of inspector of hospitals in the West Indies in 1883, but his health broke down, and he retired to his native town in 1837, where he died at Huntingdon Lodge on 7 Sept. 1839.
His thesis for the degree of M.D., printed at Edinburgh in 1800, was 'De Paeumstosi,' a term invented by Cullen to express what is now called surgical emphysema, an extravacation of air into tissues, generally due to injury of the lung, and he published a. translation of this Latin essay into English in London in 1807, with some additions, as 'Observations on Emphysema.' It is an almost valueless contribution, but contains a single valuable original observation describing a case in which air was found under the skin all over the body after the rupture into the chest of a phthisical cavity in one lung. His other medical writings contain very little information of value. They are:
* 'Remarks on the Present State of the Lunatic Asylums in Ireland,"' London, 1808.
* 'Observations on the Fifth Report of the Commissioners of Military Enquiry,' 1809.
* 'Observations on the Present State of the Portuguese Army,' 1811; 2nd edit., with additions, 1812.
* Translation of Franck's 'Exposition of the Causes of Disease,' 1815.
* 'Letter to Lord Binning … on the State of Lunatic Asylums and on the Insane Poor in Scotland,' 1816.
* 'A General View of the Present State of Lunatics and Lunatic Asylums in Great Britain and Ireland and in some other Kingdoms,' 1828.
* ' A Letter to Lord R. Seymour with reference to the Number of Lunatics and Idiots in England and Wales,' 1829.
* 'A Letter to the Right Hon. the Secretary at War on Sickness and Mortality in the West Indies,' 1839.
He also wrote 'A Memoir of the Campaign of 1815,' 1810; and 'The West Indies; the Nature and Physical History of the Windward and Leeward Colonies,' 1837; and edited 'A General History of the House of Guelph,' 1821; and 'Annalsof the House of Hanover,' 2 vols., 1826.
[Gent. Mag. 1840. pt. i. 63; Munk's Coll. of Phys. iii. 212; Works; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Halliday, Michael Frederick

1904 Errata appended.
​HALLIDAY, MICHAEL FREDERICK (1822–1869), amateur artist, son of a captain in the navy, was from 1839 until his death clerk in the parliament office, House of Lords. He cultivated a taste for painting in later years with much energy and fair success. He exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1853 a view of ‘Moel Shabod from the Capel Curig Road.’ In 1856 he exhibited ‘The Measure for the Wedding Ring,’ and two scenes from the Crimean war; the former attracted much notice and was engraved. He exhibited in 1857 ‘The Sale of a Heart,’ in 1858 ‘The Blind Basket-maker with his First Child,’ in 1864 ‘A Bird in the Hand,’ and in 1866 ‘Roma vivente e Roma morta.’ He contributed an etching of ‘The Plea of the Midsummer Fairies’ to the edition of Hood's ‘Poems’ published by the Junior Etching Club in 1858. Halliday was one of the earliest members of the pre-Raphaelite school of painting. He was also an enthusiastic volunteer, a first-rate rifle-shot, and one of the first English eight who competed for the Elcho Shield at Wimbledon. He died after a short illness at Thurloe Place, South Kensington, on 1 June, 1869, and was buried at Brompton cemetery.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Art Journal, 1869; Athenæum, 12 June 1869; Royal Academy Catalogues.]
L. C.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.145 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Halliday

​HALLIDAY. [See also Haliday.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Maxwell, John Hall

​MAXWELL, JOHN HALL (1812–1866), agriculturist, eldest son of William Maxwell of Dargavel, Renfrewshire, who died in 1847, by Mary, eldest daughter of John Campbell of Possil, near Glasgow, was born in Queen Street, Glasgow, in February 1812, and called to the Scottish bar in 1835. He practised his profession until 1845, when he succeeded Sir Charles Gordon of Grimkin as secretary to the Highland Agricultural Society. At this time the number of members was 2,620, and the funds of the society amounted to 34,000l.; when he retired there were 4,200 members, and the finances had risen to 50,000l. The annual shows under his management displayed great improvements in the quantity and quality of stock, and in the workmanship of agricultural implements. He paid great attention to the collection of agricultural statistics respecting stock and crops, and for this and other services was, on 5 Feb. 1856, created a C.B. On his own estate at Dargavel he effected, at great expense, many improvements, especially in the reclamation of waste land. On 17 Jan. 1866 he was presented with one thousand guineas and a service of plate. He died at his residence, Torr Hall, near Paisley, on 25 Aug. 1866. He married, 3 Aug. 1843, Eliza Anne Margaret, eldest daughter of Thomas Williams of Southwick Crescent, Hyde Park, London.
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Latter, Thomas

​LATTER, THOMAS (1816–1853), soldier and Burmese scholar, son of Major Barré Latter, an officer who distinguished himself in the Gorkha war of 1814 (see Mill, British India, ed. Wilson, viii. 22, 52), was born in India in 1816. He obtained a commission in 1836 from the East India Company in the 67th Bengal infantry, then stationed in Arracan. There he devoted his leisure to the study of the Burmese language, and in 1845 published a Burmese grammar, which although subsequent to the primers of Adoniram Judson, the American missionary, was the first scholarly treatise on the subject. At the commencement of the negotiations respecting breaches of the treaty of Yandaboo (1826), Latter left his regiment to serve as chief interpreter to Commodore Lambert's expedition, and on the outbreak of the second Burmese war he served Sir Henry Thomas Godwin [q. v.] in the same capacity. On 14 April 1852 he led the storming party despatched by Godwin against the eastern entrance of the Shwé Dagon pagoda, and acted so gallantly that Laurie, the historian of the war, called him the 'Chevalier Bayard of the expedition.' He took part in the capture of Pegu in June 1852, and when shortly afterwards the town of Prome, which was one of the chief rallying-places of the enemy, was occupied, Latter was on 30 Dec. 1852 appointed resident deputy commissioner. The ​post was rendered a particularly difficult one by the fact that, although open warfare had ceased, the Burmese were still avowedly hostile to British influence—an anomalous state of things which lasted until the definitive treaty of 1862. The vigilance and activity which Latter exhibited in repressing disaffection in the neighbourhood of Prome during the following year rendered him specially obnoxious to the court of Ava, and at two o'clock on the morning of 8 Dec. 1853 he was murdered in his bed. He was buried at Prome with military honours on the following day.
[Laurie's Burmese Wars and Pegu, passim; East India Registers, 1853 and 1854; Men of the Reign, 1885, p. 520; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
T. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Latrobe, John Antes

​LATROBE, JOHN ANTES (1799–1878), writer on music, son of Christian Ignatius Latrobe [q. v.], was born in London in 1799. He received his education at St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, graduated B.A. 1826, M.A. 1829, took orders in the church of England, served as curate at Melton Mowbray, Tintern (Monmouthshire), and other places, and finally became incumbent of St. Thomas's, ​Kendal, a post which he held from 1840 to 1865. In 1858 he was made an honorary canon of Carlisle Cathedral. He died, unmarried, at Gloucester, where he had been living in retirement, on 19 Nov. 1878. Latrobe was the author of 'The Music of the Church considered in its various branches, Congregational and Choral,' London, 1831, a book which was much valued in its day, but which, owing to its obsolete views, is now seldom quoted. His other publications include: 'Instructions of Chenaniah: Plain Directions for accompanying the Chant or Psalm Tune,' London, 1832; 'Scripture Illustrations,' London, 1838; and two volumes of original poetry, 'The Solace of Song,' 1837, and 'Sacred Lays and Lyrics,' 1850. He compiled the Hymn Book used in his church at Kendal, and several of his own hymns were included in it.
His brother, Peter Latrobe (1795–1863), took orders in the Moravian church, and succeeded his father as secretary of the Moravian mission. He too had musical talent, both as an organist and composer; he wrote for an edition of the 'Moravian Hymn Tunes' an 'Introduction on the Progress of the Church Psalmody,' which shows a wide knowledge of the subject.
[Brief Notices of the Latrobe Family, as cited under Christian Ignatius Latrobe; private information which shows that the statement in Grove's Dict. of Music (ii. 102) that J. A. Latrobe was an organist in Liverpool is incorrect.]
J. C. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Latter, Mary

​LATTER, MARY (1725–1777), authoress, daughter of a country attorney, was born at Henley-upon-Thames in 1725. She settled at Reading, where her mother died in 1748. Her income was small, and she indulged a propensity for versification. Among her early attempts were some verses 'descriptive of the persons and characters of several ladies in Reading,' which she thought proper to disown in a rhymed advertisement inserted in the 'Reading Mercury,' 17 Nov. 1740. In 1759 appeared at Reading 'The Miscellaneous Works, in Prose and Verse, of Mrs. Mary Latter,' in three parts, consisting respectively of epistolary correspondence, poems, and soliloquies, and (part iii.) a sort of prose poem, prompted by a perusal of Young's 'Night Thoughts,' and entitled 'A Retrospective View of Indigence, or the Danger of Spiritual Poverty.' A short appendix treats of temporal poverty, and describes the writer as resident 'not very far from the market-place, immersed in business and in debt; sometimes madly hoping to gain a competency; sometimes justly fearing dungeons and distress.' The work is inscribed to Mrs. Loveday, wife of John Loveday [q. v.] of Caversham. In 1763 she published a tragedy entitled 'The Siege of Jerusalem by Titus Vespasian,' to which was prefixed 'An Essay on the Mystery and Mischiefs of Stagecraft.' The play had previously been accepted by Rich, the patentee of Covent Garden, who took the authoress under his protection, desiring her 'to remain in his house in order, as he kindly said, that by frequenting the theatre she might improve in the knowledge of it.' Rich died before the play could be produced, but it was subsequently performed at Reading (1768) and proved a failure. In addition to the above, Mrs. Latter wrote:
* 'A Miscellaneous Poetical Essay in three parts,' 1761, 8vo.
* 'A Lyric Ode on the Birth of the Prince of Wales' (George IV), 1763, 8vo.
* 'Liberty and Interest: a Burlesque Poem on the Present Times,' London, 1764, 4to (see Gent. Mag. 1764, p. 91).
* 'Pro and Con, or the Opinionists, an ancient fragment,' 1771, 8vo.
She died at Reading on 28 March 1777, and was buried in the churchyard of St. Lawrence in that town.
[Baker's Biog. Dram. i. 439, iii. 272; Coates's Hist. of Reading, p. 447; Doran's Hist. of Reading, p. 273; Watt's Bibl. Brit. ii. 589; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
T. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Latrobe, Charles Joseph

​LATROBE, CHARLES JOSEPH (1801–1875), Australian governor and traveller, born in London on 20 March 1801, was son of Christian Ignatius Latrobe [q. v.]. He received the usual Moravian education, with a view to entering the Moravian ministry, to which his father belonged, but abandoned this design in order to travel. He began by wandering in Switzerland, 1824–6, where he proved himself a worthy pioneer of the Alpine Club, and, unaccompanied by guide or porters, ascended mountains and passes hitherto unexplored by Englishmen. In 1830 he made a long walking tour in the Tyrol, and in 1832 went to America with his friend Count Albert Pourtales, and, after visiting the chief cities in the States, sailed down the Mississippi to New Orleans, whence in 1834 he struck across the prairies, in company with ​Washington Irving, into Mexico. In 1837 he was commissioned by government to report on the working of the funds voted for the education of the West Indian negroes, and made a tour of the islands; and in 1839 he was appointed (30 Sept.) superintendent of the Port Phillip district of New South Wales, a post which was converted (27 Jan. 1851) into the lieutenant-governorship of Victoria, on the separation of that district from the parent colony. This was the time of the gold fever, when the population of Victoria rose in six months from fifteen thousand to eighty thousand, and the governor's position was no sinecure. Latrobe's upright and honest character, however, made him generally popular. He retired on 5 May 1854, was made C.B. 30 Nov. 1858, and died in London on 2 Dec. 1875. He was buried at the Sussex village of Littlington, near Eastbourne, where he spent the last years of his life. He was twice married, and left a son and four daughters.
Latrobe published many pleasantly written descriptions of his travels. His books are entitled: 1. 'The Alpenstock, or Sketches of Swiss Scenery and Manners,' 1825–6, London, 1829. 2. 'The Pedestrian: a Summer's Ramble in the Tyrol,' London, 1832. 3. 'The Rambler in North America,' 1832–3, 2 vols., London, 1835; reprinted at New York. 4. 'The Rambler in Mexico in 1834,' London, 1836. These last two are in the form of letters. 5. 'The Solace of Song,' poems suggested by travels in Italy, London, 1837. He also translated Hallbeck's 'Narrative of a Visit ... to the New Missionary Settlement of the United Brethren.'
[Heaton's Australian Dictionary of Dates; Athenæum, No. 2512, 18 Dec. 1875; Gent. Mag. 1859, i. 86; private information.]
S. L. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Latimer, William (1460?-1545)

​LATIMER, WILLIAM (1460?–1545), classical scholar, born about 1460, was elected in 1489 a fellow of All Souls' College, Oxford, where he spent several years in studying logic and philosophy, and graduated B.A. Afterwards he travelled in Italy with Grocyn and Linacre, continuing his studies in the university of Padua, and acquiring a knowledge of Greek. During his residence abroad he graduated M.A., and it appears that after his return to Oxford he was incorporated in that ​degree in 1513 (Oxf. Univ. Reg., Oxf. Hist. Soc., ed. Boase, i. 89). He 'became most eminent, and was worthily numbered among the lights of learning in his time by John Leland' (Leland, Encomia, pp. 18, 74). About the beginning of the reign of Henry VIII he was tutor to Reginald Pole, afterwards cardinal and archbishop of Canterbury, by whose influence he subsequently obtained preferment in the church. He was a prebendary of the cathedral church of Salisbury and rector of Wotton-under-Edge, and also of Saintbury, Gloucestershire, where he died at a very advanced age, about September 1545.
He was a great friend of Sir Thomas More and Richard Pace (Paceus, De Fructu, p. 54; cf. Hist. MSS. Comm. 1st Rep. p. 25); was learned in sacred and profane letters; and, as Erasmus remarks, was 'vere theologus integritate vitæ conspicuus.' Of his writings none are known to be extant except some 'Epistolæ ad Erasmum.' Erasmus reproached him with his unwillingness to appear in print. In conjunction with Linacre and Grocyn he was engaged in translating Aristotle's works into Latin, but after their death he abandoned the undertaking.
[Bale's Scriptt. Brit. Cat. ix. 8; Collectanea (Oxf. Hist. Soc.), ii. 346, 354, 366, 372; Erasmi Epistolæ, 1519, pp. 318, 321; Johnson's Life of Linacre, pp. 18, 159, 204, 263–5; Kennett MS. 46, f. 47 b; Lilii Elogia de Viris Illustribus; More's Life of Sir Thomas More (Hunter), p. 38; Pits, De Angliæ Scriptoribus, p. 695; Tanner's Bibl. Brit. p. 469; Wood's Annals (Gutch), i. 657, ii. 24; Wood's Athenæ Oxon. (Bliss), i. 147.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Latrobe, Christian Ignatius

​LATROBE, CHRISTIAN IGNATIUS (1758–1836), musical composer, eldest son of the Rev. Benjamin Latrobe, a prominent Moravian minister, was born at Fulneck, near Leeds, 12 Feb. 1758. The family is said to have been of Huguenot extraction, and to have originally settled in Ireland, coming over there with William of Orange. In 1771 Christian went to Niesky, Upper Lusatia, for study at the Moravian college there, and after completing his course was appointed teacher in the pedagogium or high school. He returned to England in 1784, was ordained, and in 1787 became secretary to the Society for the Furtherance of the Gospel. In 1795 he succeeded James Hutton [q. v.] as secretary of the Unity of the Brethren in England, and at the Herrnhut synod of 1801 was appointed a 'senior civilis,' an office of the ancient brethren's church which he was the last to hold. As an advocate of the missions of his church he laboured at home with great zeal, and in 1815–16 undertook a visitation in South Africa, an account of which he published under the title of 'Journal of a Voyage to South Africa' (London, 1818). Besides this work and a translation of Loskiel's 'History of the Missions among the Indians in North America,' Latrobe wrote an account of the voyage of the brethren Kohlmeister and Kmoch to Ungava Bay, and published 'Letters on the Nicobar Islands' (London, 1812). 'Letters to my Children,' a pleasant little volume, was issued in 1851 by his son, John Antes Latrobe.
Latrobe possessed some musical talent and composed a large number of anthems, chorales, &c., of no little excellence. His first works were chiefly instrumental; three sonatas for pianoforte which Haydn had commended were published and dedicated to him. His other printed compositions include a setting for four voices of Lord Roscommon's version of the 'Dies Iræ' (1799); 'Anthem for the Jubilee of George III' (1809); 'Original Anthems for 1, 2, or more voices' (1823); 'Te Deum performed in York Cathedral;' 'Miserere, Ps. 51;' and 'Six Airs on Serious Subjects, words by Cowper and Hannah More.' He was editor of the first English edition of the 'Moravian Hymn Tune Book.' The work for which he is chiefly remembered is a 'Selection of Sacred Music from the Works of the most eminent Composers of Germany and Italy' (6 vols. 1806–25). By means of this publication, the detailed contents of which are printed in Grove's 'Dictionary of Music,' Latrobe first introduced a large number of the best modern compositions to the notice of the British public. He died at Fairfield, near Liverpool, 6 May 1836. His sons, John Antes and Charles Joseph, are separately noticed.
[Brief Notices of the Latrobe Family, London, privately printed, 1864 (a translation of article, ‘revised by members of the family,’ in the Brueder-Bote, November 1864, a periodical published in the German province of the brethren's church); Grove's Dict. of Music, ii. 102; Musical Times, September 1851; private information; Holmes's Hist. of Protestant Church of United Brethren, 2 vols. London, 1825.]
J. C. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hulse, Edward (1682-1759)

​HULSE, Sir EDWARD, M.D. (1682–1759), physician, was the eldest son of Dr. Edward Hulse [q. v.] He graduated M.B. at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, in 1704, and M.D. in 1717. He joined the College of Physicians of London in 1717, became censor for a first time in 1720, and councillor in 1750, 1751, and 1753. He was in leading physician's practice in London along with Freind, Mead, Sloane, and others. He was one of Freind's sureties before the latter was committed to the Tower. He is described as one of the `whig doctors,' and is said to have differed so seriously with Freind over the case of Lord Townshend that he withdrew, declaring that his lordship must die if Freind had his way (Townshend recovered, having declared he would live or die by the hands of Freind). He was first physician to George II, and was made a baronet on 7 Feb. 1738-9. In 1745 he was attacked with others in several pamphlets, on their treatment of the Earl of Orford. He retired from practice some years before his death, and lived at his house on Dartford Heath, Kent. In 1738 he purchased the estate of Breamore, Hampshire, which is held by his successors in the title. In his old age he was possessed by the idea that he would die of want, a fear which his attendants overcame by putting guineas regularly into the pocket where he used to deposit his fees. He died on 10 April 1759, and was buried in the churchyard of Wilmington, Kent. A portrait by F. Cotes has been engraved by J. Watson. He married, in 1713, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Richard Levett, knt., who had been lord mayor in 1700, and had issue by her. His son Edward, who succeeded to the title, was father of Sir Samuel Hulse [q.v.] Another son, Richard, inherited his house and manor at Dartford.
C. C.