OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Thienpont, Émanuel

Edition of 1889.
​THIENPONT, Émanuel, clergyman, b. in Belgium in 1803; d. in Logan, Hocking co., Ohio, 19 Oct., 1873. He came to the United States at an early age, studied for the priesthood, and was ordained in Cincinnati on 20 Jan., 1833. He spent the following year in preparing candidates for the priesthood, was then sent to take charge of the missions along the Miami canal, and for some time had entire charge of all the Roman Catholics in the state of Ohio. He was appointed pastor of St. Mary's, Tiffin, in 1835, and afterward of the German Catholics of Dayton, and then had charge of congregations at Portsmouth, Steubenville, and other places. He was afterward sent to Logan, and formed a new congregation in the neighborhood at Straitville. Father Thienpont was the pioneer secular priest of Ohio, and was the first to build Roman Catholic churches in Dayton, Portsmouth, Steubenville, and other places in the state.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Thayer, Simeon

Edition of 1889.
​THAYER, Simeon, soldier, b. in Mendon, Mass., 30 April, 1737; d. in Cumberland, R. I., 14 Oct., 1800. He removed to Rhode Island in his youth, became an apprentice, served in the French war in 1756 with the Rhode Island troops and with Maj. Robert Rogers's rangers, and in 1757 was taken prisoner at Fort William Henry. In May, 1775, he was appointed captain by the Rhode Island assembly, and accompanied Benedict Arnold's expedition against Quebec, where he was made prisoner. He was promoted major, 1 Jan., 1777, and served with great credit in the defence of Red Bank and at Fort Mifflin, receiving for the latter a sword from the Rhode Island assembly in July. He was wounded in the battle of Monmouth, and retired from the service, 1 Jan., 1781. His "Journal of the Invasion of Canada in 1775" has been edited by Edwin M. Stone (Providence, 1867).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Thiéry de Ménonville, Nicolas Joseph

Edition of 1889.
​THIÉRY DE MÉNONVILLE, Nicolas Joseph, French botanist, b. in Saint-Mihiel, France, 18 June, 1739; d. in Port au Prince, Santo Domingo, in 1780. He studied law, and for some time practised his profession in his native city, but he soon abandoned the bar for botany, of which he was passionately fond. He formed a plan to naturalize the cochineal insect in the Franco-American colonies, and after landing in Santo Domingo in 1776, in order to learn how to cultivate it, he penetrated to Mexico in the disguise of a Catalonian physician, at great personal risk, as the Spaniards kept the knowledge of this branch of commerce jealously from strangers. With great difficulty he reached Oaxaca, which, he had learned, produced a finer specimen of cochineal than could be found elsewhere, learned the art of planting and raising the nopal on which the insect feeds, bought a large quantity of branches and insects, filling eight chests with them, and succeeded in forwarding them by different routes to Santo Domingo. He sent a part of his cochineals to France, and was successful in rearing and multiplying those that he retained, in the Jardin du roi, which he founded at Port au Prince. He received the title of botanist of the king soon after his return to Mexico. Shortly after his death the cochineal insect disappeared from Santo Domingo. The club of “The Philadelphes” at Cape Français published a manuscript that he left, entitled “Traité de la culture du nopal et de l'éducation de la cochenille dans les colonies françaises de l'Amérique, précédé d'un voyage à Oaxaca” (Cape Français, 1786).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Thaxter, Adam Wallace

Edition of 1889.
​THAXTER, Adam Wallace, journalist, b. in Boston, Mass., 16 Jan., 1832; d. there, 8 June, 1864. He was graduated at Harvard in 1852, and at the law-school in 1854. Devoting himself to literature, he was for seven years dramatic and literary critic of the “Boston Evening Gazette,” from which his health finally compelled him to withdraw, and he contributed to many periodicals. He was the author of a poem that he read before a Harvard society (Cambridge, 1850) and “The Grotto Nymph” (Boston, 1859), and produced some successful plays, among which are “Olympia,” “The Sculptor,” “The Painter of Naples,” “The Regicide,” “Mary Tudor,” and “Birds of a Feather.”
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Thayer, Nathaniel

Edition of 1889.
​THAYER, Nathaniel, clergyman, b. in Hampton, N. H., 11 July, 1769; d. in Rochester, N. Y., 23 June, 1840. His father, Rev. Ebenezer Thayer, was pastor in Hampton for many years. The son was graduated at Harvard in 1789, studied theology, and became a pastor at Wilkesbarre, Pa. In 1795 he was installed over the Unitarian society at Lancaster, Mass., where he remained for nearly fifty years. He received the degree of D. D. from Harvard in 1817. On account of Dr. Thayer's tact and sagacity he was, perhaps more than any other man of his day, selected for the settlement of ecclesiastical difficulties, and he frequently drew up the decisions of church councils. He died while on a journey for the benefit of his health. He published twenty-three occasional sermons in 1795-1831.—His son, Nathaniel, capitalist, b. in Lancaster, Mass., 11 Sept., 1808; d. in Boston, Mass., 7 March, 1883, for many years constituted, with his deceased brother, the firm of John E. Thayer and Brother, in Boston, which was active in the development of railroads in the west, of several of which he was a director. He was a fellow of Harvard in 1868-'75, and one of its largest benefactors. He contributed to a Commons hall, erected Thayer hall in 1870 as a memorial of his father and brother, bore the expenses of Prof. Louis Agassiz's expedition to South America, which was known as the Thayer expedition, built a fire-proof herbarium at the Botanic garden, and gave much in aid of poor students of the college, and was one of the most generous citizens of Boston.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Thaxter, Celia

Edition of 1889. In the supplement, it is reported that she died at the Isles of Shoals, New Hampshire, 26 Aug. 1894.
​THAXTER, Celia, poet, b. in Portsmouth, N. H., 29 June, 1836. Her father, Thomas B. Laighton, took her when she was a child to the Isles of Shoals, where she has spent most of her life at Appledore. She married there Levi Lincoln Thaxter, of Watertown, Mass., in 1851. She has published “Among the Isles of Shoals” (Boston, 1873); “Poems” (1871); “Driftweed” (1878); “Poems for Children” (1884); and “The Cruise of the Mystery, and other Poems” (1886). Among the finest of her single poems are “Courage,” “Kittery Church-Yard,” “The Spaniards' Graves,” “The Watch of Boon Island,” and “The Sandpiper.”
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Theaker, Thomas Clarke

Edition of 1889.
​THEAKER, Thomas Clarke, commissioner of patents, b. in York County, Pa., 1 Feb., 1812; d. in Oakland, Md., 16 July, 1883. He received a good English education, removed to Bridgeport, Ohio, in 1830, and was principally occupied as a machinist and millwright. He served in congress as a Republican in 1859-'61, and was an unsuccessful candidate for the ensuing congress. He was made a member of a board of commissioners who were appointed to investigate the workings of the patent-office, and was afterward made by President Johnson commissioner of patents, serving from 17 Aug., 1865 till 6 June, 1868.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Thoburn, James Mills

Edition of 1889.
​THOBURN, James Mills, M. E. bishop, b. in St. Clairsville, Ohio, 7 March, 1836. He was graduated at Alleghany college. Pa., in 1857, and began preaching in Ohio as a Methodist minister in the same year. In 1859 he went to India as a missionary, where he was stationed successively at Nynee Tal, Moradabad, Lucknow, and Calcutta.
He preached in both the native and European languages, and built the largest church in India. He was presiding elder of the Indian conference, preached for some time at Simla, the summer capital of India, and was for five years editor of the “Indian Witness.” In consequence of an injury that resulted from an accident, he returned to this country in 1886. At the general conference of the Methodist Episcopal church in New York city in 1888 he was elected missionary bishop of India and Malaysia. He has published “My Missionary Apprenticeship,” being a history of twenty-five years' experience in India (New York, 1884), and “Missionary Sermons” (1888).
# Bachrack v. Norton

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United States Supreme Court
132 U.S. 337
Bachrack v. Norton
Sawnie Robertson, for plaintiff in error.
John Johns and D. A. McKnight, for defendants in error.
BRADLEY, J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Bachellar v. Maryland

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United States Supreme Court
397 U.S. 564
Bachellar v. Maryland
Argued: March 2, 1970. --- Decided: April 20, 1970
Anthony G. Amsterdam, Stanford, Cal., for petitioners.
H. Edgar Lentz, Baltimore, Md., for respondent.
Mr. Justice BRENNAN delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Bachtel v. Wilson

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Bachtel v. Wilson."
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This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Bachtel v. Wilson (204 U.S. 36)
* Bachtel v. Wilson (204 U.S. 42)
# Bachtel v. Wilson (204 U.S. 36)

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United States Supreme Court
204 U.S. 36
Bachtel v. Wilson
Argued: November 14, 15, 1906. --- Decided: January 7, 1907
The sole question in this case, as stated by counsel for plaintiff in error, is whether the following section of the statutes of Ohio contravenes § 1 of the 14th Amendment of the Constitution of the United States:
'Every president, director, cashier, teller, clerk, or agent of any banking company who shall embezzle, abstract, or wilfully misapply any of the moneys, funds, or credits of such company, or shall, without authority from the directors, issue or put forth any certificate of deposit, draw any order or bill of exchange, make any acceptance, assign any notes, bonds, drafts, or bills of exchange, mortgage, judgment, or decree, or shall make any false entry in any book, report, or statement of the company, with intent in either case to injure or defraud the company, or any other company, body politic or corporate, or any individual person, or to deceive any officer of the company, or any agent appointed to inspect the affairs of any banking company in this state, shall be guilty of an offense, and, upon conviction thereof, shall be confined in the penitentiary, at hard labor, not less than one year nor more than ten years.' Section 30, act of March 21, 1851, entitled, 'An Act to Authorize Free Banking,' as amended April 24, 1879, 76 Ohio Laws, 74; 2 Bates's Anno. Stat. (Ohio) 6th ed. §§ 3821-3885.
Plaintiff in error, who was cashier of the Canton State Bank, a bank incorporated under the above 'free banking' act, was indicted in the court of common pleas of Stark county for a violation of this section. A demurrer to the indictment having been overruled, he, before arraignment, sued out a writ of habeas corpus in the circuit court of that county. Thereafter, the final judgment of the supreme court of the state in that proceeding having been adverse, he brought the case here on this writ of error.
Mr. William A. Lynch for plaintiff in error.
Messrs. Charles C. Upham and John W. Craine for defendant in error.
Statement by Mr. Justice Brewer:
Mr. Justice Brewer delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Bache v. Hunt

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United States Supreme Court
193 U.S. 523
Bache v. Hunt
Argued: March 11, 14, 15, 1904. --- Decided: April 4, 1904
Mr. F. Spiegelberg for appellant.
Messrs. Adrian H. Joline and Clarence Brown for appellee.
Mr. Chief Justice Fuller delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Olney, Edward

Edition of 1900.
​OLNEY, Edward, educator, b. in Moreau, Saratoga co., N. Y., 24 July, 1827; d. in Ann Arbor, Mich., 16 Jan., 1887. With slender opportunities of early education, he achieved by his own energy distinction as a scholar and teacher. From 1853 till 1863 he was professor of mathematics in Kalamazoo college, Mich., whence in the latter year he was transferred to a similar chair in the state university at Ann Arbor. In this post he continued until his death. He was the author of a complete set of mathematical text-books, which have had a wide circulation. He received the honorary degree of LL. D. Prof. Olney was an active promoter of various humanitarian enterprises, and was much interested in the educational work of the Baptist denomination, of which he was a member.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Olney, Jeremiah

Edition of 1900.
​OLNEY, Jeremiah, soldier, b. in Providence, R. I., in 1750; d. there, 10 Nov., 1812. His ancestor, the Rev. Thomas Olney, was a founder of the Baptist church in this country. He joined the patriot army at the beginning of the Revolution as lieutenant-colonel of the 1st Rhode Island regiment, and was subsequently colonel and frequently chief officer of the state forces. He also participated in the battles of Red Bank, Springfield, Monmouth, and Yorktown. After the war he was collector of customs at Providence for many years, and was president of the Rhode Island Society of the Cincinnati. — His brother, Stephen, soldier, b. in North Providence, R. I., in October, 1755; d. there, 23 Nov., 1832, entered the Revolutionary army in 1775 as a lieutenant, participated in the battles of Long Island, White Plains, Brandywine, Germantown, and Monmouth, was in the Jersey retreat, wounded at Springfield, and promoted captain for his gallant defence of Red Bank. He was then detached to join Lafayette, and served with him at Yorktown, where he was active in the capture of a British redoubt, and received several bayonet wounds. He subsequently represented North Providence in the legislature for twenty years, besides holding town offices. See “Lives of Barton and Olney,” by Catherine Williams (Providence, R. I., 1839).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Olssen, William Whittingham

Edition of 1900.
​OLSSEN, William Whittingham, clergyman, b. in New York city, 11 May, 1827. He was graduated at Columbia in 1846, and at the Episcopal general theological seminary in New York in 1849. He was then ordained deacon in Holy Trinity church, Brooklyn, N. Y., 1 July, 1849, by Bishop Whittingham, and priest in Grace church, Brooklyn, 29 June, 1851, by Bishop De Lancey, of western New York. For two years, in 1849-'50, he served as missionary at Prattsville, N. Y. He accepted the rectorship of the Church of St. James the Less, Scarsdale, N. Y., in 1851, and held that post for twenty years. In 1871 he was appointed professor of mathematics in St. Stephen's college, Annandale, N. Y., and he was transferred to the chair of Greek and Hebrew literature in 1873. He received the degree of S. T. D. from Columbia in 1876. Dr. Olssen has published “Personality, Human and Divine” (New York, 1882); “Revelation, Universal and Special” (1885); and various sermons and essays on special occasions. He has also contributed freely to church literature.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Olotoraca

Edition of 1900.
​OLOTORACA, Indian cacique, b. in 1548; d. near Fort San Mateo, Florida, in 1573. He was the nephew of Satouriona, one of the three caciques among whom Florida was divided, and at the time of Pedro Menendez's first expedition, in 1565, served as guide to the Spaniards, as the French had refused to lend assistance to Satouriona against his enemies Outina and Potanou. But the cruelties of the Spaniards soon estranged the Indians, and when Dominique de Gourgues (q. v.) came to revenge Jean Ribaut they were willing to assist him. Olotoraca was instrumental in forming the alliance, and led Satouriona's 300 warriors against the Spanish. But for him Gourgues's expedition would have failed. He guided the French, went to reconnoitre the position of the enemy, and in the assault on the first fort was also the first to mount the glacis, driving his pike through the breast of a Spanish cannoneer. Menendez returned a few months later, and, after rebuilding Fort San Mateo, re-established Spanish dominion in Florida. Olotoraca, who had succeeded Satouriona, fought to the end, murdered the Spanish missionaries, and several times burned and ruined the Spanish establishments. He was at last captured and hanged.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Oiouhaton, Teresa

Edition of 1900.
​OIOUHATON, Teresa, Indian convert, b. in 1627. She was the daughter of Chiouatenhoua, a Huron chief, the principal support of the Mission of the Conception, who was slain by the Iroquois in 1640. In compliance with the dying wishes of her father, her uncle, Teondechoren, took her to the Ursuline convent in Quebec, where she learned to speak and write French, and acted as interpreter for the Indians that came to the town. When, in 1642, her uncle went to Quebec to take her away in order to marry her to a Huron chief, she refused to leave the sisters; but the influence of Father Jogues was invoked, and she finally consented. Having been provided by the Ursulines with all she required for her marriage, she set out with Father Jogues and her uncle in August, 1642. The party were captured by the Iroquois, and she fell to the lot of a young warrior, who married her. A large ransom was offered for her release by the French governor, but without effect. She continued a Christian to the end of her life, and instructed others in the faith. She received the missionary Le Moyne into her house in 1654.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Olney, Jesse

Edition of 1900.
​OLNEY, Jesse, geographer, b. in Union, Tolland co., Conn., 12 Oct., 1798; d. in Stratford, Conn., 31 July, 1872. He was educated at Whitesborough, ​N. Y., became a teacher at Whitesborough and Binghamton, and was for twelve years principal of the Stone school, Hartford, Conn., resigning in 1831. In 1828, when he was in his thirtieth year, he brought out “A Geography and Atlas,” which was at once accepted as a standard work, and for thirty years was used in almost every public and private school of the United States. It was many times enlarged and revised, and ran through ninety-eight editions, some of the editions numbering 80,000 copies. Millions of copies were sold, and the popularity of “Olney's Geography” has been surpassed only by that of “Webster's Spelling-Book.” This work has the distinction of having caused a complete revolution in the methods of teaching geography. Mr. Olney was a practical instructor, and was dissatisfied with the existing class-books and treatises, which began with an exposition of the science of astronomy, and, making the centre of the solar system the initial point, developed the scheme until it finally included the earth. Mr. Olney reversed this method. He began with the scholar's own continent — in fact, in the very city, town, or village in which he lived, and made clear by lucid definitions the natural divisions of land and water, illustrating each instance by the use of maps. His plan was to familiarize the child with the surface of the earth by going from the near to the distant, and from the concrete to the abstract, and this system at once overthrew theoretic geography, and initiated the modern practical and descriptive science. The immediate success of the work led Mr. Olney to give up teaching and devote himself to authorship. Leaving Hartford in 1833, he settled in Southington, Conn., until 1854, when he removed to Stratford. After discontinuing to teach, he devoted himself to the cause of popular education. He was for many years a member of the legislature, afterward comptroller of the state for two terms, and used largely his legislative and official powers to build up the system of Connecticut common schools. In 1840 he had become a Unitarian, and for the next fourteen years he gave sympathy and much practical aid to the liberal religious movement that was then agitating New England. His text-books (1831-'52) include other geographies, a series of readers, a “Common-School Arithmetic,” and a “History of the United States.” He also compiled “A Family Book of History”; “Psalms of Life,” poems; and other works.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Oertel, Johannes Adam

Edition of 1900.
​OERTEL, Johannes Adam, artist, b. in Fürth, near Nuremberg, Bavaria, 3 Nov., 1823. He studied art in Nuremberg and Munich, but devoted himself chiefly to engraving until 1848, when he came to the United States and taught for a time in Newark, N. J. In 1857 he removed to Madison, N. J., where he painted the “Lament of the Fallen Spirits” and “Redemption.” About this time he was invited to assist in preparing new decorations for the National capitol. In 1861 he transferred his studio to Westerly, R. I., where he painted “Father Time and his Family” and “The Final Harvest” (1862); “The Dispensation of the Promise and the Law,” containing 150 figures (1863); “Walk to Emmaus,” “The Walk to Gethsemane,” “Easter Morning,” “Magdalen at the Sepulchre,” “The Rock of Ages,” and others (1868). The last-named picture was reproduced by chromo-lithography, and sold extensively both in this country and in England. During the civil war Mr. Oertel accompanied the Army of Virginia under Gen. Burnside. His “Virginia Turnpike” and other landscapes were the fruit of his military experience. Besides his paintings he has produced several carved-wood altar-pieces, among them an elaborate altar and reredos for the Church of the Incarnation, Washington, D. C. While residing at Westerly he prepared himself for orders in the Protestant Episcopal church, and he was made deacon in 1865, and subsequently presbyter. He has since confined himself almost entirely to the domain of Christian art, and painted pictures that he presented to churches in Glen Cove, N. Y., New York city, Washington, D. C., North Carolina, and elsewhere. After having charge of two parishes in the latter state and spending a year in Florida, Mr. Oertel was invited to fill the chair of Christian art at the University of the South, Sewanee, Tenn., which he now (1898) occupies.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Stebbins, Emma

Edition of 1900.
​STEBBINS, Emma, artist, b. in New York city, 1 Sept., 1815; d. there, 25 Oct., 1882. For several years she devoted herself to painting in oil and water-colors, working also in crayon and pastels. She subsequently turned her attention to sculpture. In 1857 she went to Rome, where she studied under an Italian master, and also with Paul Akers. She executed a large fountain representing “The Angel of the Waters” (1860-'2) in Central park, New York; a statue of Horace Mann in Boston (1860); “Joseph,” “The Angel of Prayer,” and a bust of Charlotte Cushman (1859); a bust of John W. Stebbins in the Mercantile library, New York; and other works. While in Rome she won the friendship of Charlotte Cushman, with whom she returned to the United States in 1870. She prepared a memoir of Miss Cushman, at her request, after the actress's death (Boston, 1878).