# Presidential Decree No. 1596 (Ferdinand Marcos)

* related portals: Philippines.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article.
Source: Official Gazette. Vol. 75, No. 8. Government Printing Office. 1979. pp. 1556–1557.
Layout 2
MALACAÑANG RESIDENCE OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES MANILA
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 1596
Whereas, by reason of their proximity the cluster of islands and islets in the South China Sea situated within the following:
KALAYAAN ISLAND GROUP
    From a point [on the Philippine Treaty Limits] at latitude 7°40′ North and longitude 116°00 East of Greenwich, thence due West along the parallel of 7°40′ N to its intersection with the meridian of longitude 112°10′ E, thence, due north along the meridian of 112°10′ E to its intersection with the parallel of 9°00′ N, thence northeast ward to the intersection of the parallel of 12°00′ N with the meridian of longitude 114°30′ E, thence, due East along the parallel of 12°00 N to its intersection with meridian of 118°00′ E, thence, due South along the meridian of longitude 118°00′E to its intersection with the parallel of 10°00′ N, thence Southwestwards to the point at beginning at 7°40′ N, latitude and 116°00′ E longitude.
are vital to the security and economic survival of the Philippines;
Whereas, much of the above area is part of the continental margin of the Philippine archipelago;
Whereas, these areas do not legally belong to any state or nation but, by reason of history, indispensable need, and effective occupation and control established in accordance with international law, such areas must now be deemed to belong and subject to the sovereignty of the Philippines;
Whereas, while other states have laid claims to some of these areas, their claims have lapsed by abandonment and can not prevail over that of the Philippines on legal, historical, and equitable grounds.
Now, therefore, I, Ferdinand E. Marcos, President of the Philippines, by virtue of the powers in me vested by the Constitution, do hereby decree as follows:
Section 1. The area within the following boundaries:
KALAYAAN, ISLAND GROUP
    From a point [on the Philippine Treaty Limits] at latitude 7°40′ North and longitude 116°00' East of Greenwich, thence due West along the parallel of 7°40′ N to its intersection with the meridian of longitude 112°10′ E, thence, due north along the meridian of 112°10′ E to its intersection with the parallel of 9°00′ N, thence northeastward to the intersection of the parallel of 12°00′ N with the meridian of longitude 114°30′ E, thence, due East along the parallel of 12°00' N to its intersection with meridian of 118°00′ E, thence, due South along the meridian of longitude 118°00′E to its intersection with the parallel of 10°00′ N, thence Southwestwards to the point at beginning at 7°40′ N, latitude and 116°00′ E longitude;
including the sea-bed, sub-soil, continental margin and air space shall belong and be subject to the sovereignty of the Philippines. Such area is hereby constituted as a distinct and separate municipality of the Province of Palawan and shall be known as "Kalayaan."
Sec. 2. Pending the election of its regular officials and during the period of emergency declared in Proclamation No. 1081, and unless earlier provided by law, the administration and government of the area shall be vested in the Secretary of National Defense or in such officers of the Civil government or the Armed Forces of the Philippines as the President may designate.
Sec. 3. This Decree shall take effect immediately.
{{gap}]Done in the City of Manila, this 11th day of June, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and seventy-eight.
(Sgd.) Ferdinand E. Marcos President of the Philippines
By the President:
(Sgd.) Jacobo C. Clave Presidential Executive Assistant
This work is in the public domain because it is a work of the Philippine government (see Republic Act No. 8293 Sec. 176).
All official Philippine texts of a legislative, administrative, or judicial nature, or any official translation thereof, are ineligible for copyright.
An additional license tag is required in order to demonstrate why this work is freely licensed or in the public domain in the United States.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse