# Dictionary of the Swatow dialect/kṳn
### kṳn

* 根kṳn317756
* The roots of plants; origin, beginning, cause, foundation; fundamental, radical.

#### chīu kṳn;

    the roots of trees.

#### cêk tîo kṳn chẁn kàu hn̆g-hn̆g kò̤ khṳ̀;

    a root has made its way to a long distance.

#### hó̤ kṳn tói;

    the bottom of a thing; the cause, or origin of a thing.

#### i kâi sĭm-mih kṳn-tí?

    What is at the bottom of it all?

#### i kâi kṳn-pún sĭ chông tī-kò̤ lâi kâi?

    Whence comes the original cause?

#### cí kâi ūe tàⁿ chut lâi bô̤ kṳn;

    there is no foundation for this story.

#### kui kṳn, sĭ cò̤-nî?

    To go back to its origin, what does it amount to?

#### sòi mn̄g i kâi kṳn-îu;

    carefully inquire into its origin.

#### bô̤ kṳn cúi-lâu-phîe;

    a rootless weed that floats on the surface of the water; a vagrant.

#### ŭ sĭm-mih kṳn-kṳ̆ mē?

    Is there any well based evidence of it?

#### kṳn chim, lih kù;

    roots deep and rootlets tough.

#### cám cháu, tṳ̂ kṳn;

    cut down the weeds and destroy their roots; utterly eradicate.

#### lṳ́ thóiⁿ cí kâi a-noⁿ-kíaⁿ ŭ kṳn-ki a bô̤?

    Do you think this child has much vigor?

#### à pit chêng-chīu kṳn;

    split a banyan root by argument.

#### ngŵn kṳn sĭ tī-tîang kâi?

    Whose was the original foundation?

#### cía phò úa sĭ kìo i bói tn̆g kṳn kâi;

    as to this shop, I have bought him out altogether.

#### i cē bô̤ cîⁿ, cū tó̤ hwn châng kṳn, chù kṳn;

    being out of money, he is selling off his fields and houses, without reservation.

#### tŏ̤ i chù sĭ tó̤ kă hun-kuah kṳn;

    in his house they live on sweet potatoes.

#### hṳ́ cho̤h nâng cū sĭ i kâi kṳn-mîoⁿ;

    those people are his offspring.

#### pàng kàu chin-chĭeⁿ seⁿ kṳn tùe tī hìeⁿ-seⁿ;

    if you set it down, it is as if it produced roots and adhered to the earth.
* 筋kṳn3971186
* The tendons; the sinews; applied also to the veins and nerves; sinewy, strong.

#### cêk sin tau kṳn, pâk kut;

    a sharp pain in the joints over the whole body.

#### cá-jît hut-jîen cū thiu kha kṳn;

    was taken suddenly with a cramp in the leg yesterday.

#### mīn-tèng tîo cheⁿ-kṳn phû-phû;

    a swollen vein on the face.

#### i kâi phûe khah pô̤h, hía kṳn cêk tîo cêk tîo, thóiⁿ hīn-hĭn;

    her complexion is too transparent, and the veins can be plainly seen.

#### hàm i lâi kio úa lîah pùe kṳn;

    t«ll him to come and knead my back for me, to ease the pain.

#### cí kò̤ sĭ cóng kṳn thâu;

    this is a nerve centre.

#### tōa kṳn;

    sinews.

#### âng kṳn;

    arteries.

#### jī sìa tōa kṳn;

    the letters are written with bold strokes.

#### kuah tīo i nŏ̤ tîo kha kṳn;

    to cut the tendons of the legs, (a terrible punishment).

#### mīⁿ kṳn;

    tough strings of dried dough.

#### hueh kṳn;

    blood vessels.

#### gû-nêk tîeh kuah màiⁿ seⁿ kûn kâi;

    you must get beef which has no tendons in it.

#### hía kṳn jūn căi, pō m̄ lô̤h;

    that tendon is very tough, I cannot chew it.

#### phû kṳn lò kut;

    become emaciated.

#### i kâi kha kṳn cē sek ngĕ, tōa nâng tàⁿ i cū m̄ thiaⁿ;

    as soon as he gets upon his own legs, he will give no heed to what his elders say to him.

#### i jíang kàu ăm kṳn phòng-phòng;

    he shrieked until his throat was ready to burst.

#### cí īeⁿ îeh ŏi càng kṳn kut;

    this medicine will impart muscular strength.
* 斤kṳn397690
* The Chinese pound; its weight differs in different localities: by treaty a catty is fixed at 1 ⅓ pounds averdupois.

#### cêk kṳn nŏ̤ kṳn ŭ;

    I have perhaps a catty or two.

#### pùaⁿ kṳn tùi poih níe;

    a half a catty is as good as eight onnces.

#### cêk tàⁿ cêk peh kṳn;

    a picul is a hundred catties,

#### ŭ kúi kṳn tăng?

    How many catties does it weigh?

#### taⁿ choiⁿ kṳn tàⁿ;

    carrying a burden of a thousand catties.

#### i kâi chìn kṳn-nìe síam;

    this steelyard gives short weight.

#### cí ki chìn, níe cìeⁿ tōa, kṳu cìeⁿ síam;

    on this steelyard, the ounces are over weight and the catties under weight.

#### cêk kṳn sĭ câp-lâk níe a sĭ câp-poih níe?

    Is the pound one of sixteen ounces, or one of eighteen ounces?

#### pha bô̤ kṳn táu;

    to turn somersaults.
* 跟kṳn3171576
* To follow at one's heels.

#### kṳn-sûi;

    to follow, as au attendant.

#### câp nâng kṳn, poih nâng sûi;

    a number of persons followed as attendants.

#### i sĭ tó̤ kṳn kuaⁿ kâi nâng;

    he is one who acts as attendant on a magisti-ate.

#### i pat kṳn kùe tău-thâi;

    he has been an attendant on the Prefect.

#### cí nŏ̤ kâi chiah-kha sĭ ciu-jît kṳu-sûi i kâi;

    these two large footed women attend upon her all day. ​
* 巾kṳn397500
* A napkin; a kerchief.

#### chíu kṳn; kūaⁿ kṳn;

    a handkerchief.

#### thâu kṳn;

    a head-cloth.

#### thâu-tèng tà cêk kò̤ o kṳn;

    wore a black head-cloth.

#### jìo-se tèng tùe kŭa cêk lîap o kṳn kho-hue;

    on the crape was fixed such an ornament as elderly women usually wear on a black head-cloth.

#### so kṳn;

    a plain herchief.

#### tang-îeⁿ kṳn;

    a foreign kerchief.
* 均kṳn418324
* To equalize; to adjust; even; level.

#### pun lâi m̄ kṳn-pêⁿ;

    they are not impartially distributed.

#### tăi-ke lâi kṳn hun;

    come all of you and take equal shares.

#### kṳn sĭ ŭ iah kâi sṳ̄;

    impartial adjustment is beneficial.
* 僅kṳ́n399911
* Nothing over; hardly enough; scarcely; little short only; nothing more.

#### i kṳ́n sĭ cìeⁿ-seⁿ tàⁿ tīaⁿ-tīaⁿ;

    he said just this and nothing more.

#### úa kṳ́n lâi cêk hûe;

    I came but once.

#### kṳ́n-kṳ́n kio i cò̤-pṳ̂ cîah cêk tńg tīaⁿ;

    ate with him only once.

#### put kùe kṳ́n-kṳ́n kàu ēng;

    have no more than barely enough.

#### kṳ́n sĭ i cai tīaⁿ, pât nâng m̄ cai;

    he only knows, no one else knows.
* 謹kṳ́n39914911
* Diligent; careful; vigilant; serious; attentive; respectful.

#### lṳ́ tîeh kṳ́n sim;

    you must give your whole mind to it.

#### cang lói-mûeh khṳ̀ kṳ́n kŭ i;

    take offerings and respectfully present them to him.

#### kṳ́n cun i kâi mĕng-lĕng;

    sedulously attend to his orders.
* 巹kṳ́n399266
* The nuptial wine cup.

#### kîaⁿ hâh-kṳ́n kâi lói;

    perform the rite of partaking of the nuptial wine.
* 饉kṳ̀n40018411
* A dearth of vegetables.

#### keⁿ-chài bô̤ siu-sêng kìe-cò̤ kṳ̀n;

    when vegetables do not come to perfection there is said to be a vegetable famine.

#### ki-kṳ̀n kâi sî-hāu;

    a time of dearth.
* 屭kṳ̀n1824421
* To exert all one's strength; to struggle on.

#### i kâi lâk sòi, sĭ khak-khó kṳ̀n kâi, m̄ sĭ cò̤ tit lâi;

    she has little strength, and it is done with great effort, it is not what she is really able to do.

#### úa thóiⁿ i ciu jît kṳ̀n kàu chám căi;

    I see that he exerts himself painfully all day.

#### tàⁿ li tăng, lâk li bô̤, khak-sí-khó tó̤ kṳ̀n;

    the burden is heavy, the strength gone, and he is struggling on as if for life.
* 艮kṳ̀n3171380
* The third of the eight diagrams.

#### pok tîeh kâi kṳ̀n khùe;

    cast the eighth diagram when divining.
* 凝kṳ̂n6371514
* To congeal; to coagulate; to curdle; to stiffen; to freeze.

#### cē lā chìn cū kṳ̂n;

    as soon as it cools it will stiffen.

#### íⁿ-keng kṳ̂n mīn;

    has already stiffened on the surface.

#### lâ kṳn kàu kò̤;

    the fat has stiffened and formed a single lump.

#### chìn kàu în kṳ̂n-tàng;

    so cold that the oil has become solid.

#### thiⁿ-sî jṳ̂ah, nêk-thng phû lío, bŏi kṳ̂n-tàng;

    when the weather is hot, the soup does not stiffen after being cooked.
* 胵kṳ̆n651306
* The gizzard.

#### koi kṳ̆n, ah kṳ̆n, gô̤ kṳ̆n;

    the gizzards of chickens, ducks, and geese.

#### chá kuaⁿ kṳ̆n;

    fried gibblets.
* 近kṳ̆n4011624
* Near in time or place; to draw close to; adjoining.

#### kṳ̆n-kṳ̆n nē;

    close at hand.

#### i kṳ̆n jît cìaⁿ lâi;

    he came not long since.

#### úa kṳ̆n sî cìaⁿ lâi;

    I came lately.

#### ciang kṳ̆n àiⁿ hó̤ lío;

    it will very soon be finished.

#### kṳ̆n hái kâi tī-hng;

    regions near the sea.

#### kṳ̆n-lâi ŭ sĭm-mih sin bŭn?

    What news is there of late?

#### cía sĭ tŏ̤ cí kṳ̆n nî cìaⁿ sin khí lī;

    these are the new regulations, established within the last few years.

#### tùi cí tîo lō ío kṳ̆n;

    it is nearer to go by this road.

#### cŏ̤ kṳ̆n i sin-piⁿ;

    sit close to him.

#### kîaⁿ kṳ̆n lō;

    go the nearest way.

#### i kâi mâk kṳ̆n-sĭ;

    she is near sighted.

#### cí kù ūe tàⁿ lâi ío kṳ̆n lí;

    this is nearer the truth.

#### hn̆g kṳ̆n thŵn mîaⁿ;

    spread its fame far and near.

#### lîn-kṳ̆n hieⁿ;

    neighboring villages.

#### àiⁿ kîaⁿ kṳ̆n, tin-tò̤ hn̆g;

    wanted to go by the nearest route, and went by the farthest instead.

#### hŭ-kṳ̆n kâi tī-hng;

    adjacent land.

#### kṳ̆n tō;

    the present generation.

#### i m̄ káⁿ kṳ̆n côiⁿ;

    he dare not approach.

#### cía kâi nâng, hó̤ kio i chin-kṳ̆n;

    this person is one we may affiliate with.

#### cí kĭaⁿ sṳ̄ i kâi sèⁿ ío kṳ̆n;

    this is something that he would learn more easily, having a natural bent toward it.

#### thóiⁿ-kìⁿ li kṳ̆n, kîaⁿ tîeh cìaⁿ cai hn̆g;

    it appeared to be close at hand, but on walking there we found it far off.

#### hn̆g chìo m̄ jû kṳ̆n phûh;

    a strong friend far away is not so good as a weak one near by.

#### íen cúi kìu put tit kṳ̆n húe;

    water that is distant cannot put out a fire close at hand.