OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/1998-10-07/Chapter 8

Chapter 8
Courts and Administration of Justice
Judicial authority
165.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Judicial system
166.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Constitutional Court
167.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
matter or whether an issue is connected with a decision on a constitutional matter.
(4)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(5)
(6)
(a)
(b)
(7)
Supreme Court of Appeal
168.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
High Courts
169.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
Magistrates’ Courts and other courts
170.
Court procedures
171.
Powers of courts in constitutional matters
172.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Inherent power
173.
to develop the common law, taking into account the interests of justice.
Appointment of judicial officers
174.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Acting judges
175.
(1)
(2)
Terms of office and remuneration
176.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Removal
177.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
(3)
Judicial Service Commission
178.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Prosecuting authority
179.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(4)
(5)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(6)
(7)
Other matters concerning administration of justice
180.
(a)
(b)
(c)
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/1998-10-07/Schedule 4

Schedule 4
Functional Areas of Concurrent National and Provincial Legislative Competence
Part A
Administration of indigenous forests
Agriculture
Airports other than international and national airports
Animal control and diseases
Casinos, racing, gambling and wagering, excluding lotteries and sports pools
Consumer protection
Cultural matters
Disaster management
Education at all levels, excluding tertiary education
Environment
Health services
Housing
Indigenous law and customary law, subject to Chapter 12 of the Constitution
Industrial promotion
Language policy and the regulation of official languages to the extent that the provisions of section 6 of the Constitution expressly confer upon the provincial legislatures legislative competence
Media services directly controlled or provided by the provincial government, subject to section 192
Nature conservation, excluding national parks, national botanical gardens and marine resources
Police to the extent that the provisions of Chapter 11 of the Constitution confer upon the provincial legislatures legislative competence
Pollution control
Population development
Property transfer fees
Provincial public enterprises in respect of the functional areas in this Schedule and Schedule 5
Public transport
Public works only in respect of the needs of provincial government departments in the discharge of their responsibilities to administer functions specifically assigned to them in terms of the Constitution or any other law
Regional planning and development
​Road traffic regulation
Soil conservation
Tourism
Trade
Traditional leadership, subject to Chapter 12 of the Constitution
Urban and rural development
Vehicle licensing
Welfare services
Part B
The following local government matters to the extent set out in section 155(6)(a) and (7):
Air pollution
Building regulations
Child care facilities
Electricity and gas reticulation
Firefighting services
Local tourism
Municipal airports
Municipal planning
Municipal health services
Municipal public transport
Municipal public works only in respect of the needs of municipalities in the discharge of their responsibilities to administer functions specifically assigned to them under this Constitution or any other law
Pontoons, ferries, jetties, piers and harbours, excluding the regulation of international and national shipping and matters related thereto
Stormwater management systems in built-up areas
Trading regulations
Water and sanitation services limited to potable water supply systems and domestic waste-water and sewage disposal systems
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/1998-10-07/Chapter 6

Chapter 6
Provinces
Provinces
103.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(2)
Provincial Legislatures
Legislative authority of provinces
104.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(c)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Composition and election of provincial legislatures
105.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(2)
Membership
106.
(1)
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(4)
Oath or affirmation
107.
Duration of provincial legislatures
108.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Dissolution of provincial legislatures before expiry of term
109.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
(a)
(b)
Sittings and recess periods
110.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Speakers and Deputy Speakers
111.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Decisions
112.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(2)
(a)
(b)
Permanent delegates’ rights in provincial legislatures
113.
Powers of provincial legislatures
114.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
Evidence or information before provincial legislatures
115.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Internal arrangements, proceedings and procedures of provincial legislatures
116.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Privilege
117.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(2)
(3)
Public access to and involvement in provincial legislatures
118.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(2)
Introduction of Bills
119.
​Money Bills
120.
(1)
(2)
Assent to Bills
121.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(3)
Application by members to Constitutional Court
122.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(4)
Publication of provincial Acts
123.
​Safekeeping of provincial Acts
124.
Provincial Executives
Executive authority of provinces
125.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(a)
(b)
​Assignment of functions
126.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Powers and functions of Premiers
127.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
Election of Premiers
128.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Assumption of office by Premiers
129.
Term of office and removal of Premiers
130.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(4)
Acting Premiers
131.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(2)
(3)
Executive Councils
132.
(1)
(2)
Accountability and responsibilities
133.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
Continuation of Executive Councils after elections
134.
Oath or affirmation
135.
Conduct of members of Executive Councils
136.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
Transfer of functions
137.
(a)
(b)
Temporary assignment of functions
138.
Provincial supervision of local government
139.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(3)
Executive decisions
140.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(a)
(b)
Motions of no confidence
141.
(1)
(2)
Provincial Constitutions
Adoption of provincial constitutions
142.
Contents of provincial constitutions
143.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
Certification of provincial constitutions
144.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
Signing, publication and safekeeping of provincial constitutions
145.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Conflicting Laws
Conflicts between national and provincial legislation
146.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(c)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Other conflicts
147.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(2)
Conflicts that cannot be resolved
148.
Status of legislation that does not prevail
149.
Interpretation of conflicts
150.
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/1998-10-07/Chapter 7

Chapter 7
Local Government
Status of municipalities
151.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Objects of local government
152.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(2)
Developmental duties of municipalities
153.
(a)
(b)
Municipalities in co-operative government
154.
(1)
capacity of municipalities to manage their own affairs, to exercise their powers and to perform their functions.
(2)
Establishment of municipalities
155.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(a)
(b)
(7)
Powers and functions of municipalities
156.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(a)
(b)
(5)
Composition and election of Municipal Councils
157.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
Membership of Municipal Councils
158.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(2)
Terms of Municipal Councils
159.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Internal procedures
160.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(4)
(a)
(b)
(5)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(6)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(7)
(8)
(a)
(b)
(c)
Privilege
161.
Publication of municipal by-laws
162.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Organised local government
163.
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Other matters
164.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Abwechselnd

Abwechselnd. (G.) Alternating; as, mit abwechselnden Manualen, alternately from the great to the choir organ.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Academia musicale

Academia musicale. (I.) Musical academy. A term long since applied by the Italians to certain musical meetings, held under a directing leader, for the purpose of amusement and practical improvement. The earliest Academia Musicale of which we have any account was instituted at Vincenzo about the year 1500, and called the Academia degli Filarmonici, (Academy of the Philharmonics, or lovers of harmony.)
# Cornell v. Weidner

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
127 U.S. 261
Cornell v. Weidner
J. W. Merriam, for appellant.
Geo. H. Lothrop, for appellee.
GRAY, J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Cornell v. Green/Dissent Brown

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Dissenting Opinion Brown
United States Supreme Court
163 U.S. 75
Cornell v. Green
Mr. Justice BROWN, dissenting.
Had Tucker not been made a party to the bill at all, and the court had attempted to dispose of his rights to the land in question upon the sale under the foreclosure proceedings, there could be no doubt that it would be treated as an attempt to deprive him of his property without due process of law, and that such sale would have been invalid, as against him, his heirs or vendees, under the fourteenth amendment.
This is, in substance, exactly what is claimed in his case. The bill averred broadly that he was not made a party at all; but the court, putting its own construction upon the foreclosure proceedings, which were made an exhibit to the original bill, decided that he was. Whether he was bound individually by the proceedings against him in his representative capacity,-in other words, whether he individually was a party defendant to the bill, is beside the question. It is sufficient that he is averred not to have been, that a construction of the constitution was necessarily involved, and that the position of the plaintiff, in that connection, is not a frivolous one, or wholly destitute of foundation. Insurance Co. v. Needles, 113 U.S. 574, 5 Sup. Ct. 681.
That it requires us to put a construction upon the pleadings in the foreclosure suit does not militate against this position, as we have repeatedly held in analogous cases, where a contract is claimed to have been impaired by state legislation, that we would put our own construction upon such contract, and then inquire whether it had been impaired. Bank v. Skelly, 1 Black, 436, 443; New Orleans Waterworks Co. v. Louisiana Sugar-Refining Co., 125 U.S. 18, 38, 8 Sup. Ct. 741; Railroad Co. v. Alsbrook, 146 U.S. 279, 293, 13 Sup. Ct. 72; Mobile & O. R. Co. v. Tennessee, 153 U.S. 486, 492, 14 Sup. Ct. 968.
It seems to me this case should have been determined upon its merits, and I therefore dissent from the opinion of the court.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Copper Sun (Cullen)/Advice to a Beauty

Advice to a Beauty
(To Sydonia)
# Copper Sun (Cullen)/An Old Story

An Old Story
# Copper Sun (Cullen)/Disenchantment

Disenchantment
# Copper Sun (Cullen)/Colored Blues Singer

Colored Blues Singer
# Copper Sun (Cullen)/Colors

Colors
(To Leland)
# Copper Sun (Cullen)/Confession

Confession
# Copper Sun (Cullen)/An Epitaph

An Epitaph
(For Amy Lowell)
# Copper Sun (Cullen)/At the Wailing Wall in Jerusalem

At the Wailing Wall in Jerusalem
# Copper Sun (Cullen)/And When I Think

And When I Think
(For one just dead)
# Copper Sun (Cullen)/Cor Cordium

Cor Cordium
# Cooper v. Aaron (358 U.S. 29)

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
358 U.S. 29
Cooper v. Aaron (358 U.S. 29)

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Cooper v. Aaron

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Cooper v. Aaron."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Cooper v. Aaron (358 U.S. 1)
* Cooper v. Aaron (358 U.S. 29)
See also Aaron v. Cooper.
# Cooper Executor v. Omohundro

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
86 U.S. 65
Cooper Executor v. Omohundro
ERROR to the Circuit Court for the Eastern District of Virginia; in which court Littleton Omohundro, a citizen of Ohio, sued Richard Cooper, a citizen of Virginia, executor of Silas Omohundro (which said Silas was in his lifetime a citizen of the same State), to recover certain advances which the plaintiff, the said Littleton, who was the son of the said Silas, the defendant's testator, had made (as the evidence tended to show, though this fact was not in any way shown by the pleadings), during the rebellion, and while funds could not be transmitted from Virginia to Ohio for the said Silas, his father.
The said Silas, the decedent, though living in Virginia, had been building a house in Ohio, for his wife (or reputed wife) and children, who resided there, and where he was in the habit of visiting them till the rebellion broke out. He died in 1864.
The court gave judgment for the plaintiff, and the defendant brought the case here on error.
Messrs. J. M. Carlisle and J. M. Lyons, for the plaintiff in error; Mr. J. M. Crump, contra.
Mr. Justice CLIFFORD stated the case, and delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Consolidated version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union/Title XI: The European Social Fund

Source: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2008:115:0001:01:EN:HTML

### Article 162

(ex Article 146 TEC)
In order to improve employment opportunities for workers in the internal market and to contribute thereby to raising the standard of living, a European Social Fund is hereby established in accordance with the provisions set out below; it shall aim to render the employment of workers easier and to increase their geographical and occupational mobility within the Union, and to facilitate their adaptation to industrial changes and to changes in production systems, in particular through vocational training and retraining.

### Article 163

(ex Article 147 TEC)
The Fund shall be administered by the Commission.
The Commission shall be assisted in this task by a Committee presided over by a Member of the Commission and composed of representatives of governments, trade unions and employers' organisations.

### Article 164

(ex Article 148 TEC)
The European Parliament and the Council, acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure and after consulting the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, shall adopt implementing regulations relating to the European Social Fund.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Braille, Louis

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
BRAILLE, LOUIS (brī'ē), a French teacher of the blind, born in 1809. He invented the Braille alphabet. It consists of a system of points printed on cardboard by indenting the reverse side. The writing is traced with the finger. He died in 1852. See Blind.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Brandenburg

Edition of 1921; disclaimer. See also Brandenburg an der Havel on Wikipedia.
BRANDENBURG, a province of Prussia, surrounded mainly by Mecklenburg and the provinces of Pomerania, Posen, Silesia, and Prussian Saxony. The soil consists in many parts of barren sands, heaths, and moors; yet the province produces much grain, as well as fruits, hemp, flax, tobacco, etc., and supports many sheep. The forests are very extensive. The principal streams are the Elbe, the Oder, the Havel, and the Spree. Berlin is located in Brandenburg. Area 15,400 square miles, population about 4,000,000, including the city of Berlin. The Old Mark of Brandenburg was bestowed by the Emperor Charles IV. on Frederick of Hohenzollem, and is the center round which the Kingdom of Prussia grew. The town of Brandenburg is on the Havel, 35 miles W. S. W. of Berlin. It is divided into three parts — an old town, a new town, and a cathedral town — by the river, and has considerable manufactures, including silk, woolens, leather, etc. Pop. about 55,000.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Brandeis, Louis Dembitz

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
BRANDEIS, LOUIS DEMBITZ, an American jurist; born in Louisville, Ky., in 1856. He studied in German schools abroad and also at Harvard University. He was admitted to the bar in 1878. From 1879 to 1916, he practiced law in Boston, where he built up a large clientage and achieved a reputation as a lawyer of remarkable learning and acumen. He was counsel in many cases of national interest, being usually on the side of the public where large corporate interests were concerned. In freight rate cases, eight-hour law controversies, and matters of wage dispute, he has been prominent and he has often been called on to act as arbitrator. He was nominated as a justice of the Supreme Court by President Wilson in 1916, and was confirmed in the face of considerable opposition. He was the first Hebrew to sit on the Supreme Court bench. He was active in the Zionist movement,
and in 1920 went to Europe to attend a conference on that question.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Brandes, Georg

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
BRANDES, GEORG (bran'des), a Danish literary critic of Jewish family, born in Copenhagen, Feb. 4, 1842, where he graduated at the university in 1864. Several books on athletic and philosophic subjects brought on him a charge of scepticism, which was not removed by an epoch-making series of lectures, published under the title, “The Great Tendencies of Nineteenth-Century Literature” (1872-1875). His “Danske Digtere,” a masterpiece of psychological analysis, appeared in 1877; but the hostility of his enemies induced him in the same year to leave Denmark, and settle in Berlin, where he published biographies of Lasalle (1877), and Lord Beaconsfield (1879). In 1882 he returned to Copenhagen, his countrymen having guaranteed him an income of 4,000 crowns, with the one stipulation that he should deliver public lectures on literature. His later works include “Den Romantiske Skole i Frankrig” (1882); a biography of Ludvig Holberg (1885), and a valuable study of Shakespeare, published in an English translation in 1899; “Main Currents of 19th Century Literature” (1906).
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Branding

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
BRANDING, an ancient mode of punishment by inflicting a mark on an offender with a hot iron. It is generally disused under the English civil law, but has been employed to punish deserters. It is not, however, now done by a hot iron, but with ink, gunpowder, or some other preparation, so as to be visible and permanent. The mark is the letter
“D,” affixed on the left side two inches below the armpit.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Boutwell, George Sewell

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
BOUTWELL, GEORGE SEWELL, an American statesman, born in Brookline, Mass., Jan. 23, 1818; was admitted to the bar in 1836; served in the State Legislature in 1842-1851; Governor of Massachusetts in 1851-1852; was an organizer of the Republican party in 1854; appointed the first commissioner of the newly established Department of Internal Revenue in 1862; a Representative in Congress in 1863-1869; one of the managers of the impeachment trial of President Johnson; Secretary of the Treasury in 1869-1873; and a United States Senator in 1873-1879. Besides numerous speeches he published “Educational Topics and Institutions” (1859); several works concerning taxation, and “The Constitution of the United States at the End of the First Century” (1895). He died Feb. 28, 1905.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Bovidæ

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
BOVIDÆ, a family of ruminating animals, containing not merely the oxen, but many other animals now placed in other families. It was subdivided into bovina, cervina, giraffina, moschina, and camelina; also, a family of ruminating animals, consisting of species with simply rounded horns, which are not twisted in a spiral manner. There are no lachrymal sinuses. It contains the genera bos, bison, bubalus, etc. Ovibos (musk ox), generally ranked under bovidæ, is by some placed with the ovidæ. The oldest known are various species of bos, hemibos, and amphibos in the Upper Miocene of India. The genera bos and bison are found in the Pliocene.
# Crawford v. Heysinger

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
123 U.S. 589
Crawford v. Heysinger
Hector T. Fenton, for appellant.
Joshua Pusey, for appellees.
BLATCHFORD, J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Crawford v. Haller/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
111 U.S. 796
Crawford v. Haller
This motion is granted on the authority of Ins. Co. v. Comstock, 16 Wall. 258, and Railroad Co. v. Wiswall, 23 Wall. 507. An order of the supreme court of Washington territory dismissing a writ of error to a district court, because of the failure of the plaintiff in error to file the transcript and have the cause docketed within the time required by law, is not a final judgment or a final decision within the meaning of those terms as used in sections 702 and 1911 of the Revised Statutes, regulating writs of error and appeals to this court from the supreme court of the territory. Section 702 provides for the review of final judgments and decrees by writ of error or appeal, and scetion 1911 regulates the mode and manner of taking the writ or procuring the allowance of the appeal. The use of the term 'final decisions' in section 1911 does not enlarge the scope of the jurisdiction of this court. It is only a substitute for the words 'final judgments and decrees' in section 702, and means the same thing. The dismissal of the writ was a refusal to hear and decide the cause. The remedy in such a case, if any, is by mandamus to compel the court to entertain the case and proceed to its determination, not by writ of error to review what has been done. Ex parte Bradstreet, 7 Pet. 647; Ex parte Newman, 14 Wall. 165.
Dismissed.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse