OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Renwick, Hon. Arthur

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​Renwick, Hon. Arthur, M.L.C., B.A., M.D., F.R.C.S., was born in Sydney, and educated at the University of that city, where he graduated B.A. in 1857, being one of the first three on whom the degree was conferred. Having embraced the medical profession, he studied at Edinburgh, and was admitted L.R.C.S. in 1860, and F.R.C.S. in 1861, in which year he received the degree of M.D. from Edinburgh University. He was for some time member for East Sydney and Redfern in the Legislative Assembly of New South Wales; but was defeated for the former constituency in 1882, and for the latter in 1887, in December of which year he was called to the Legislative Council. Dr. Renwick was Secretary for Mines in the Parkes Government from Oct. 1881 to Jan. 1883; and Minister of Public Instruction in that of Sir Patrick Jennings from Feb. 1886 to Jan. 1887. He was Executive Commissioner for New South Wales at the Melbourne International Exhibition of 1880, Vice-President of the New South Wales Commission for the Amsterdam Exhibition in 1883, President of that for the Adelaide Jubilee Exhibition of 1887, and in 1892 was appointed Executive Commissioner for New South Wales at Chicago. Dr. Renwick was appointed a Fellow of the Senate of Sydney University in 1872, and Vice-Chancellor in 1889; a member of the Medical Board of New South Wales in 1873; and President of the State Children's Belief Department in 1881. He is President of the Benevolent Society of New South Wales, and President and Honorary Consulting Physician to the Sydney Hospital, and to the Institution for the Deaf, Dumb and Blind. In 1877 Dr. Renwick made a donation of £1000 to the University of Sydney, "to found a Scholarship for Natural Science with especial reference to Comparative Anatomy when a School of Medicine shall have been established." He also gave £100 for the purchase of Leipeius' "Antiquities of Egypt and Æthiopia."
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Reville, Right Rev. Stephen

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​Reville, Right Rev. Stephen, D.D., O.S.A. Coadjutor-Bishop of Sandhurst, Vict., was born in Wexford on May 9th, 1844. He entered the Augustinian order at Callan, Kilkenny, and studied on the Continent, taking the degree of Master in Philosophy and Sacred Theology at Ghent. Soon after his ordination in 1867 he was appointed President of St. Laurence's Seminary, Usher's Quay, Dublin, and he held the office for seven years. He accompanied the first Bishop of Sandhurst (Dr. Crane) to Australia in 1875, and on the failure of that prelate's eyesight, he was appointed Coadjutor-Bishop, having previously held the office of Vicar-General and acted as administrator of the diocese from 1882 during Dr. Crane's absence. He was consecrated on March 29th, 1885.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Reibey, Hon. Thomas

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​Reibey, Hon. Thomas, M.H.A., M.A., eldest son of Thomas Reibey and Richenda his wife, daughter of Richard Allen, M.D., and sister of the late Sir George Wigram Allen, was born on Sept. 24th, 1821. He matriculated at Trinity College, Oxford, in May 1840, but did not proceed to a degree. Mr. Reibey (whose father changed the spelling of the family name from Raby) married in Oct. 1842 Catherine McDonall, daughter of James Kyle, of Inverness, Scotland. He has represented Westbury in the Tasmanian Assembly since May 1874. Having acted as leader of the Opposition from March 1875 to July 1876, he acceded to office as Premier and Colonial Secretary in the latter month. He only, however, held power till August of the next year. He then acted as leader of the Opposition till Dec. 1878, when he became Colonial Secretary in Dr. Crowther's Ministry, which lasted till Oct. 1879. In July 1887 Mr. Reibey was elected Speaker of the Assembly, which office he held until 1890, when he was succeeded by Mr. N. J. Brown. Mr. Reibey was formerly in holy orders, and was preferred to be archdeacon.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Reid, George Houston

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​Reid, George Houston, M.L.A., son of the Rev. John Reid, a Presbyterian minister, was born at Johnstone, Renfrewshire, Scotland, in 1845, and went out with his parents to Melbourne in 1852. Having removed with the latter to New South Wales five years later, he entered the Civil Service of that colony in 1864, and was appointed Clerk of Correspondence in the Treasury in Sept. 1869, and Secretary to the Attorney-General in 1878. He published "Five Free Trade Essays," which caused his election to the honorary membership of the Cobden Club, and a work entitled "New South Wales, the Mother-Colony of the Australias." He was elected to the Legislative Assembly for East Sydney in 1880, and still retains his seat. Mr. Reid was Minister of Public Instruction to the Stuart Ministry from Jan. 1883 to March 1884, when he resigned. He was admitted to the New South Wales bar in Sept. 1879. At the end of 1891 he was elected leader of the opposition to the Dibbs Government, in succession to Sir Henry Parkes, with whose views in regard to intercolonial federation, as embodied in the Commonwealth Bill, he is by no means in accord either on constitutional or fiscal grounds.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Reid, Hon. Robert Dyce

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​Reid, Hon. Robert Dyce, is the third son of the late David Reid, surgeon R.N., and was born on August 3rd, 1829, at Inverary Park, New South Wales. He went to Victoria at seventeen years of age, and settled in the Ovens district, at Reid's Creek, immediately after the opening up of the Mount Alexander goldfield. He was engaged for thirty years in squatting pursuits, and subsequently visited England. On his return to Victoria he was returned to the Legislative Council for the Eastern province unopposed, and in August 1880 accepted a seat in the third Berry Administration, without portfolio. After the defeat of the Government in July 1881, he resigned his seat in the Upper House, and unsuccessfully contested West Bourke against the then Premier (Sir Bryan O'Loghlen). After another unsuccessful contest for Fitzroy, he was returned for that constituency at the general election In 1883, and held the seat till 1889, when he was again defeated, as also in 1892. Mr. Reid married Caroline Esther Shadforth, second ​surviving daughter of the late Colonel Shadforth, of the 57th Regiment.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Rentoul, Rev. J. Laurence

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​Rentoul, Rev. J. Laurence, M.A., D.D., is the fourth son of the Rev. James B. Rentoul, D.D., and was born in 1846 at Garvagh, Londonderry, Ireland. He graduated in 1868, and was ordained in 1872 as Minister of St. George's Presbyterian Church, Southport, Lancashire. In 1879 he went to Victoria as pastor of St. George's, East St. Kilda. In 1888 he was appointed to the Professorship of Sacred Languages and Christian Philosophy in the Theological Hall in connection with Ormond College. At an early age Professor Rentoul received the honorary degree of D.D. from the Theological Faculty of Ireland. In 1878 he was married to a daughter of the late D. T. Rattray of Chili, South America, and Southport, Lancashire.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Reeves, Hon. William Pember

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​Reeves, Hon. William Pember, M.H.R., Labour Minister, New Zealand, is the eldest son of the late Hon. William Reeves (q.v.), and was born in 1857 in Canterbury, N.Z. Mr. Reeves began school life at Christ College Grammar School at ten years of age by winning the Canterbury Provincial Government scholarship of £40 a year. He won it a second time, thus holding it seven years in all. In 1873 he gained the Somes scholarship (£40 for three years), and in 1874 he took two university scholarships, being first in classics and first in English. After this brilliant opening he was sent home to graduate at Oxford and read for the Bar, but ill-health, caused by the strain of his educational course, forced him back to the colony without the achievement of either object. After an interval of country life he was admitted to the New Zealand Bar. But beyond reporting for the Canterbury Law Society, he did not devote much attention to his profession. He preferred journalism, to which profession he soon devoted himself entirely, first as contributor and leader-writer to the Lyttelton Times. Then he became ​editor of the Canterbury Times, and in 1889 he succeeded to the editorial chair of the Lyttelton Times. In 1887 Mr. Reeves was elected to the House of Representatives for St. Albans, beating Mr. Garrick by a substantial majority, and he was returned for Christchurch at the general election in 1890, being in Jan. 1891 appointed to a seat in the Ballance Government as Minister of Justice and Education. Mr. Reeves married in Feb. 1885 Miss Magdalen Stuart Robison. On the Government deciding to constitute a department of labour, Mr. Reeves was appointed the first Minister. He has written a short history of Communism and Socialism.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Revans, Samuel

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​Revans, Samuel, father of the New Zealand press, was a native of England. and was brought up to the printing trade. In 1833 he went out to Montreal, Canada, to assist the late Mr. Henry Samuel Chapman (q.v.) in starting the first daily newspaper, the Daily Advertiser, published in British North America. He subsequently became Mr. Chapman's partner, and it was probably at his instigation that he identified himself with the Edward Gibbon Wakefield schemes for the colonisation of New Zealand. At any rate when in Sept. 1839 a provincial constitution was drawn up in London for the Port Nicholson (Wellington) settlement, which the New Zealand Company were founding under Colonel Wakefield, Mr. Revans was appointed secretary to the executive committee nominated to control the inception of the settlement. At Port Nicholson he arrived by the Adelaide in Jan. 1840, and his signature is appended to all the official documents issued by the committee before its dissolution after the arrival of Governor ​Hobson and the annexation of New Zealand by England. Very shortly, however, Mr. Revans reverted to his original calling, and issued the first newspaper published in New Zealand. It was called The New Zealand Gazette, and had been issued in London in Sept. 1839. Under Mr. Revans' auspices it was published in New Zealand in April 1840. The plant had been bought in England by subscription amongst the intending colonists, and Mr. Revans occupied the triple position of manager, printer, and editor. He also assisted with his own hands in building the office for the carrying on of the paper and in setting up the press. In No. 20 (August 22nd, 1840) the name of the paper was changed to the New Zealand Gazette and Britannia Spectator, the latter being the name then contemplated for the new settlement. Mr. Revans died in the Wairarapa Valley, N.Z., on July 15th, 1888.
# The Female Prose Writers of America/Clara Moore

CLARA MOORE.
Mrs. Clara Moore is a native of Westfield, Massachusetts, but has resided in Philadelphia since her marriage. Her maiden name was Jessup. She has distinguished herself as a writer both of prose and of poetry, but principally of the former. Her stories are natural in their incidents, gracefully written, and full of fine delineation of character. A vein of sentiment, which pervades most of her writings, renders them especial favourites with her sex. In describing the struggles of woman’s heart, when actuated by the passion of love, she is peculiarly happy: indeed, few female authors in the United States excel her in this respect. Her story entitled “Emma Dudley’s Secret” is an instance in point. This powerful tale has been republished in London with much success. “The Mother-in-Law” and “The Estranged Hearts,” both prize tales, may be quoted as happy illustrations of her style.
It is a high merit with Mrs. Moore, that she seeks her subjects in everyday life, instead of dealing in the visionary regions of inflated romance. The calamities which oppress her heroines are such as might happen to any woman. Another merit in this author is, that instead of confining herself to the passion of love, as it exists in the female heart before marriage, she depicts it in the varied trials to which it is subjected after marriage; and this opens a mine which has been but little worked by novelists. Mrs. Moore understands her own sex thoroughly. It would be difficult, perhaps impossible, for a man to anatomize the female heart as she has done. Her plots are generally well managed, though she has as yet published no fiction of sufficient length to test her powers in this respect fully. As a magazinist, she enjoys an enviable reputation. Her success, indeed, is the more distinguished because authorship with her is an amusement rather than a profession. She wisely considers, that the duties of a wife and mother are paramount, and hence it is only her leisure that she surrenders to literature. Her pride is to be a woman first, an ​author afterwards; yet we trust that she will eventually find time for the composition of some more elaborate fiction than the short, fugitive stories with which she has hitherto graced our literature; and with her wide observation of the female heart, and her skill in managing incidents, she cannot but succeed brilliantly if she makes the attempt.
Most of her writings have been published under the nom de plume of “Clara Moreton.”
# The Female Prose Writers of America/E. W. Barnes

E. W. BARNES.
Miss Barnes is a native, and has been all her life a resident, of Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Her father is by birth a Swede, the only son of an officer in the Swedish army. On his arrival in this country in early youth, he was persuaded by a clergyman of Salem to change his name from Ludwig Baärnhielm to Lewis Barnes, for greater convenience of pronunciation. Miss Barnes has published, in Annuals and Magazines, a considerable amount of prose and verse, all of a very creditable character. From a prose tale published in 1850, the following sketch has been selected as a fair specimen of her style.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Koberstein, Karl August

Edition of 1920. See also August Koberstein on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
KOBERSTEIN, Karl August, German writer on literature and history: b. Rügenwalde, 10 Jan. 1797; d. Pforta, 8 March 1870. He studied at Stolpe and Potsdam, then (1812) at Berlin. He was appointed professor at the great royal school at Pforta, where he was actively engaged till his death. His literary career commenced with his work entitled ‘Ueber das Wahrscheinlicher Alter und die Bedeutung des gedichts vom Wartburgkrieg’ (1823). He wrote, notably, ‘Grundriss der
geschichte der deutschen National-literatur’ (1827), which, in its fourth revision (1847-66), became a comprehensive history of German national literature. This work was extended, after his death, in a fifth edition by Bartsch (Leipzig 1872-75). His other works include ‘Vermischte Aufsätze zur Literaturgeschichte und Äesthetik’ (ib. 1858); ‘Heinrich von Kleists Briefe an seine Schwester Ulrike’ (Berlin 1860). He contributed to Löbell's ‘Entwicklung der deutschen Poesie,’ the volume on ‘Lessing’ (1865).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Kobell, Ferdinand

Edition of 1920. See also Ferdinand Kobell on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
KOBELL, Ferdinand, German painter and engraver: b. Mannheim, 7 June 1740; d. Munich, 1 Feb. 1799. He studied first at Heidelberg when the Elector of Bavaria, admiring a landscape, aided him to devote his entire time to painting. He next studied art in Paris and became on his return, painter to the Cabinet and was appointed director of the Mannheim Gallery (1798) but died before entering on his duties. He specialized on landscapes, following the style of Berchem, and his work shows a jealous study of natural effects. His oil painting are in a number of German galleries, but his work as an engraver has more importance. His etchings (about 300) were published by Frauenholz, in Munich (1809), as ‘Œuvres complètes de F. K.,’ another of 179 pages were published by Kugler (Stuttgart 1842). Consult Von Stengel, Baron S., (Nuremberg 1822), for his biography.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Kobell, Jan (engraver)

Edition of 1920. See also Jan Kobell on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
KOBELL, Jan, Dutch engraver: b. Rotterdam, 1756; d. 1833. His only well-known work was a series of historical portraits (1787).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Kobell, Jan (painter)

Edition of 1920. See also Jan Kobell on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
KOBELL, Jan, Dutch animal painter: b. Delfshagen, 1779; d. Amsterdam, 14 Sept. 1814. He was a pupil of Van der Wall, but studied later under Paul Potter, acquiring his talent for animal as well as landscape work. He is called often “Jan the Elder,” in distinction from his uncle Jan Kobell (q.v.).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Kobell, Wilhelm von

Edition of 1920. See also Wilhelm von Kobell on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
KOBELL, Wilhelm von, German painter and etcher: b. Mannheim, 6 April 1766; d.
Munich, 15 July 1855. He worked under his father, Ferdinand (q.v.), then studied the works in the galleries of Mannheim and Düsseldorf, especially those of Wouvermann, which he copied. He gained a reputation through clever work on battle scenes and horses, as well as very fine etchings and aquatints, the latter especially. His favorite subjects were landscapes and life studies of the Dutch. His works are displayed in the Pinakothek at Munich and in the galleries of Frankfort, Schliessheim, Darmstadt, Stuttgart, etc. In the banquet hall of the Munich Festsaalhau is his cycle of battle scenes. Consult Kobell, Luise von, ‘Unter den vier Königen Bayerns’ (Munich 1894).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Kobo

Edition of 1920. See also Kūkai on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
KOBO, kō-bō, the Cadmus, Philo and Euhemenis of Japan, all in one. The posthumous title of the Buddhist priest Kukai (koo-kigh), to whom is attributed the invention of the Japanese syllabary i ro ha, of 47 letters. He proposed and carried out the scheme, by which Shintoism (q.v.) was occulted and swallowed up in Buddhism. In 804 he went to China to study under the most renowned masters. On his return in 806 he excelled all by his erudition and eloquence, and founded the Shingun, or Sect of the True Word, which makes use of verbal formula to a remarkable extent. According to its tenets, a believer can attain to the state of the Enlightened, or Buddhahood, while in the body of flesh and blood. After a revelation from the gods at Isé, the most sacred of the Shinto shrines, he came forth to baptize all the native gods as avatärs, or manifestations of Buddha, giving them new Buddhistic names, while for every Shinto festival he arranged a corresponding Buddhist saint's or gala day. He thus provided both for the scholars and the common people. He sent forth his pupils to preach the new theology, which soon captured the whole nation, thus establishing for a thousand years Ryobu, or mixed Shinto. In 816 he built on Mount Koya one of the most splendid temples in the empire. In 921 Kukai was canonized by the emperor, under the name of Kobo Daishi (the Great Teacher, who promulgates the law). The popular legends concerning Kobo's amazing powers of learning, writing, literary accomplishments and painting from the favorite subjects of the art of Hokusai (q.v.) and other artists. Consult Reischauer, ‘Studies in Japanese Buddhism’ (1918), and Griffis, ‘The Religions of Japan’ (1895).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Kobell

Edition of 1920. See also Kobell on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
KOBELL, kō'bĕl, German family of artists, descendants of Johann Heinrich Kobell, who came to Mannheim from Frankfort in 1720. The most noted are Ferdinand, Franz, Hendrik and Wilhelm (q.v.).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Kobell, Franz

Edition of 1920. See also Franz Kobell on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
KOBELL, Franz, German painter and etcher: b. Mannheim, 23 Nov. 1749; d. Munich, 14 Jan. 1822. The Elector Karl Theodor of Bavaria sent him to Italy (1776) to study art and he remained there till 1785, working from nature and monumental buildings. He next lived at Munich, where he became painter to the court. He produced only a few oil paintings but left 20,000 landscape and architecture pen drawings and etchings.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Kobell, Hendrik

Edition of 1920. See also Hendrik Kobell on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
KOBELL, Hendrik, German painter: b. Rotterdam 13 Sept. 1751; d. there, 3 Aug. 1799. He painted, in oils and water colors, landscapes and marines. He studied art in his home town, then for some time in England, next in Amsterdam and France, when he settled in Rotterdam. His work is distinguished by skilful manipulation and life-like depiction. He did good work in etching as well as painting.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Koberstein, Karl

Edition of 1920. See also Karl Koberstein on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
KOBERSTEIN, kō'bėr-stīn, Karl, German dramatist: b. Schulpforta, 15 Feb. 1836; d. Wilmersdorf, 15 Sept. 1899. He was son of Karl August K. (q.v.). He studied at the Stettin Gymnasium, then dedicated his life to the stage (1856). He was a member of the Dresden Court Theatre from 1862 till his retirement (1883). He gained renown through his tragedies ‘Florian Geyer’ (Dresden 1863) and ‘König Erich XIV’ (ib. 1869), and the comedy ‘Was Gott zuzammenfügt, das soll der Mensch nicht scheiden’ (ib. 1872). He published the ‘Preussisches Bilderbuckh’ (Leipzig 1887).