OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New International Encyclopædia/Verne, Jules

Edition of 1905. See also Jules Verne on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​VERNE, vârn, Jules (1828-1905). A French novelist. He was born at Nantes February 8, 1828, studied law, attempted the stage in 1850 with a comedy in verse, Les pailles rompues, and only after repeated dramatic failures struck, in 1863, with his Cinq semaines en ballon, a rich but not unexplored vein of scientific adventure. Of his very numerous works, most of which are available in fair translations, the more readable are Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea (1870); The Mysterious Island (1870); Around the World in Eighty Days (1872); Michael Strogoff (1876); The Green Ray (1882); Christopher Columbus (1883); The Southern Star (1884); The Carpathian Château (1892). Several of his tales have been dramatized, and Le docteur Ox (1874) has been turned into an opera. The interest of his stories depends solely on incident; character drawing there is none.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Vernation

Edition of 1905. See also Vernation on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​VERNATION. A fanciful name for the arrangement of leaves in the bud (q.v.).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Vernal Grass

Edition of 1905. See also Anthoxanthum on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​VERNAL GRASS (Lat. vernalis, relating to the spring, from ver, Gk. ἔαρ, ear, ἦρ, ēr, spring), Sweet (Anthoxanthum odoratum). A sweet-scented grass common in meadows, woods, and pastures throughout Europe and the Western Hemisphere. It is about a foot high, with a spiked oblong panicle. It has little value, as stock do not eat it readily, and in some countries it has become a pest. See Plate of Grasses.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Vermilion Flycatcher

Edition of 1905. See also Vermilion flycatcher on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ VERMILION FLYCATCHER. A very beautiful flycatcher (Cardellina rubra) of Northern Mexico, carmine red all over, except the silvery white ear-tufts. It places a nest of delicate materials in a low tree, and lays eggs marked as shown on the Plate of Eggs of Songbirds.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Verner, Karl Adolph

Edition of 1905. See also Karl Verner on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​VERNER, vĕr′nẽr, Karl Adolph (1840-90). A Danish philologist. He was born at Aarhus, and studied at the University of Copenhagen. He directed his attention mainly to the Slavic languages, visiting Russia in 1871-72. The succeeding years were spent at his old home, where he developed the law of Indo-Germanic accent that bears his name. In 1876 he was appointed an assistant in the university library at Halle, where he remained until 1883, when he became docent in Slavic languages at the University of Copenhagen, being made professor in 1888. He published little besides his famous article on his law.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Sitka

See also Sitka, Alaska on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Sit′ka, the former capital of Alaska, on the west coast of Baranof Island. It has a deep harbor, dotted with islands, with snowy peaks rising behind the town. There are a fine green-spired Greek church and an old Russian palace. The climate is cold, with a large rainfall. Population 1,395. See Alaska.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Skylark

See also Eurasian skylark on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Sky′lark, an European bird that mounts high in the sky and sings on the wing. It is the lark of the poets. The larks of America belong to a different family. See Lark.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Skye

See also Skye on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Skye (skī), the largest island of the Hebrides, off the west coast of Scotland. It is 49 miles long and from seven to 25 broad. It is mountainous, with a few tracts of pasture and one large plain. The highest peak of the mountains, called Coolin Hills, is 3,234 feef "high. Lake Coruisk, the “dread lake” of Scott's Lord of the Isles, and Glen Sligachan, thought to be the grandest glen in Scotland, with columns and cliffs over 1,000 feet high, with waterfalls leaping over them and deep caves at their foot, are among the interesting scenery. Fish abound, and with potatoes form the main diet of the people and also furnish the principal industry. The inhabitants (who chiefly are crofters) are principally Celtic, speak Gaelic, and number 14,608. The principal proprietors are Lord Macdonald and MacLeod of MacLeod. Consult Smith's A Summer in Skye.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Slate

See also the disclaimer.
​Slate. See Shale.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Slater, Samuel

See also Samuel Slater on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Sla′ter, Samuel, an Englishman who introduced the manufacture of cotton into the United States, was born at Belper, Derbyshire, in 1768, and died at Webster, Mass., in 1835. Slater was an apprentice under Strutt, the partner of Arkwright. When he quitted England (1789), he did so secretly for fear that efforts might be made to prevent him from introducing Arkwright's machinery abroad. Relying wholly upon his memory, however, he did so; and in 1790 he succeeded in founding the first American cotton-factory at Pawtucket, Rhode Island. He afterwards built mills at Webster, Mass. The town of Slaterville grew up from the homes of his workmen. In 1816 Slater also built woolen-mills at Webster, Mass. He was a liberal and philanthropic employer and the founder of schools for the children of his workmen.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Slavs

See also Slavic peoples on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Slavs (slävz) or Slavonians (slȧ-vō′nĭ-anz), the name of a group of nations belonging to the Aryan family, living in the eastern parts of Europe and northern Asia. The earliest history represents them as living around the Carpathian Mountains and spreading to the Baltic, the Elbe and over the whole peninsula between the Adriatic and the Black Sea. Since the 7th century they have become settled and gradually formed into independent states. There are two divisions, the southeastern and the western. The Russians, Bulgarians and Illyrians belong to the first division; the Poles, Silesians and Pomeranians, called Lechs, the Czechs or Bohemians and the Slavonic tribes of north Germany make up the western division. The only people that have preserved their language are the Wends or Serbs of Saxony and Prussia. The whole Slavonic population is about 100,000,000. They are represented by ancient writers as an industrious race, living by agriculture and having flocks and herds. The government, at first patriarchal, was gradually usurped by the chiefs and the people were reduced to serfs. There was no middle class between the nobility and the peasants. See Languages and Literature.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Sisyphus

See also Sisyphus on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Sisyphus (sĭs′ĭ-fŭs), in Greek mythology, the son of Æolus, the founder and king of Corinth, and noted for his wickedness, for which, according to Homer, he was condemned to roll a large stone up a hill, which, when it reached the top, fell back again, so that his task was never ended.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Sitting Bull

See also Sitting Bull on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
* SITTING BULL
Sit′ting Bull, an Indian warror of the Sioux (q. v.) was born in 1837. When gold was found in the Black Hills, an effort was made by the United States to purchase the land of the Sioux, to whom it belonged. They were very unwilling to give it up, and Sitting Bull, Red Cloud and Spotted Tail, with other chiefs, visited Washington in May, 1875, but would not sign the treaty. The failure of the government to keep its promises and the actions of the settlers in pushing on to the lands kept up a feeling of hostility, and the young braves gathered around Sitting Bull in northern Dakota. General Custer, with a small force, was sent against them, and he and his followers were all killed; but the Sioux were at last conquered and Sitting Bull escaped to Canada, but on promise of a pardon surrendered. In the rising of the Indians of the northwest in 1890 Sitting Bull was killed.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Sladen, Douglas

See also Douglas Sladen on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Sladen, Douglas (Brooke Wheelton), was born in London, England, on Feb. 5, 1856, and educated at Trinity College, Oxford, becoming first professor of history in the University of Sydney, N. S. W., spending four years in that colony. He has travelled extensively and published much about the countries he has seen, being an extensive contributor to Australian literature. In this connection may be mentioned Australian Lyrics, Poetry of Exiles, A Summer Christmas, Australian Ballads, A Century of Australian Song and Australian Poets.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Yancey, William Lowndes

See also William Lowndes Yancey on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Yan'cey, William Lowndes, a highly distinguished southern orator, was born at Ogeechee Falls, Ga., Aug. 10, 1815. After receiving a collegiate education he was admitted to the bar in Abbeville, S. C., but in 1836 moved to Alabama, where he successively edited The Catawba Democrat and The Wetumka Argus. He was a member of Congress in 1844-47, and in all the events leading to the secession of the southern states was one of the most prominent and perhaps the most eloquent leader of the proslayery party — the extent of his influence in "firing the southern heart" and inducing the effort to secede being hard to overestimate. When war broke out, he was sent (1861) to Europe as the agent of the Confederate government, but failed to secure recognition by any of the European powers. On his return home he became a member of the Confederate congress, and died near Montgomery, Ala., July 28, 1863.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Yale, District of

See also Yale (electoral district) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Yale, District of, west of the Kootenays, is rich in minerals and timber and possesses the largest area of agricultural land in southern British Columbia. It includes the rich valleys of Okanagan, Nicola, Similkameen and Kettle Rivers and North and South Thompson and the Boundary, and has been named The Garden of British Columbia. The main line of the Canadian Pacific passes nearly through the center of Yale from east to west, while its Okanagan branch and steamers on the lake give access to the southern portions. New branch-lines are projected and some are in course of construction, which will open a large mining and agricultural area. Cattle-raising on a large scale has been one of the chief industries, but many of the ranges are divided into small parcels which are eagerly bought by fruit-growers and small farmers. This district is rich in minerals and coal, but development has been delayed by lack of facilities for transportation.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Yale University

See also Yale University on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Yale U'niver'sity, at New Haven, Conn., is one of the oldest and most famous of educational institutions in the United States. It was founded in 1701 as the Collegiate School of Connecticut, and was at Saybrook until 1716, when it was removed to New Haven. In 1718 the name was changed to Yale College, in recognition of large gifts from Elihu Yale of London. This name was changed by statute to Yale University in 1887. Besides the academical department, still designated as Yale College, it has Sheffield Scientific School, a graduate school, a divinity school, a medical school, a law school, a school of art and a school of music. In all its departments it is thoroughly equipped and amply endowed. Its libraries contain 500,000 volumes. The faculty numbers 390, with an attendance of 3,282 students in 1910.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Yam

See also Yam on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Yam, the tuberous root of a species of Dioscorea, a genus of climbing vines chiefly displayed in the tropics, where they are extensively cultivated for food. The name has also but wrongly been applied to forms of the sweet potato.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Yang-tse-Kiang

See also Yangtze River on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Yang-tse-Kiang ( yăng′ tsē-kǐ-äng′), the principal river of Asia, the “girdle of China,” connecting all its central provinces between Tibet and Koko-Nor and the Pacific. Its entire length through all its numerous windings under various names cannot be less than 3,000 miles. To name the cities on the banks and tributaries of this rival of the Mississippi would be to enumerate a large portion of the cities of the empire. It is navigable by the largest vessels for 900 miles from its mouth and by smaller ones for a much greater distance.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Y

See also Y on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Y (wī), the twenty-fifth letter, sometimes is a voiced consonant, sometimes a semivowel. The consonant is a palatal, as in beyond, year. The semivowel is closely akin to long e and short i as in happy, Y occurs as a consonant at the beginning of syllables or words, but y the vowel at the middle or end. The vowel is a superfluous letter. Y$^e$ and Y$^t$ are mistakes for the and that, Y resembling an Old English letter for th.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Yak

See also Yak on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Yak, an ox-like animal found in Tibet and central Asia. It is related both to the bison and the true oxen. In a wild state it is found on the high plateaus of Tibet between the Altai and Himalaya Mountains. It can at once be distinguished by the long hair, which hangs from each side like a curtain, in some cases touching the ground. The hair is longer in the domesticated than in the wild forms. The tail also is very hairy, and the white tips are cut off by the Chinese, who dye them red and use them as tassels. There is a hump over the forelegs, and this is exaggerated by the hairy mane. The yak has been domesticated for centuries in Tibet, and is extensively used as a beast of burden. It feeds on grass, and one peculiarity of its feeding is that it refuses to eat corn. These animals are about the height of a small ox. The cows yield milk, and the skins both of cows and bulls are used for clothing.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Yakutsk

See also Yakutsk on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Yakutsk (yȧ-ko͝otsk′), the chief town of the government of that name in eastern Siberia. It is situated on the left bank of Lena River, 5,000 miles from St. Petersburg. The whole industry of the town consists of candle-works; but it is the principal market of eastern Siberia for traffic with the native tribes of Yakuts and Buriats. Population 6,534.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Yale, Elihu

See also Elihu Yale on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Yale, Eli'hu, after whom Yale College (now Yale University) was named, was born at New Haven, Conn., April 5, 1648. When he was ten, his parents returned to England, and he never returned to America. In 1678 he went to the East Indies, where he remained several years and accumulated a large fortune. On his return to England he became governor of the East India Company and a fellow of the Royal Society. His gifts to the new institution in books and money amounted to about $4,000, in consequence of which it was named Yale College. He died at London, July 8, 1721.
# The New York Times/1877/11/15/American Acclimatization Society

AMERICAN ACCLIMATIZATION SOCIETY.
Tho regular meeting of the American Acclimatization Society was held last evening in the reading-room of the Aquarium, the use of which had been given for the purpose. Mr. Eugene Schiefflin occupied the chair, and Dr. J. W. Greene acted as Secretary. Among the gentlemen present were Messrs. Robert B. Roosevelt, of the Fish Commission; John C. Pennington, of New Jersey; Eugene Keteltas, John G. Milis, Edward Schell, S. R. Bunce, Edgar De Puyster, Wilson De Puyster, Mr. Conklin, of the Central Park Museum, and others. Mr. Conklin read a paper on acclimatization, with special reference to birds. He detailed the efforts made this country to introduce foreign birds. In 1864, he said, the Commissioners of Central Park set free 50 pairs of English sparrows, and they had multiplied amazingly; Mr. Joshua Jones had freed English chaffinches, blackbirds, and Java sparrows in the Park, but unfortunately their numbers were so small the birds were lost sight of; in 1874, Mr. Henry Reiche set loose 50 pairs of English skylarks, but they all crossed the East River, and settled near Newtown and Canarsie. The Cincinnati Acclimatization Society had successfully introduced the skylark there, and it was now becoming abundant in the neighborhood of the city. Last July the Acclimatization Society freed in the Park some starlings and Japanese finches; Mr. John Sutherland had done the same with some English pheasants. It was expected that they would all prosper. Mr. Conklin suggested that renewed and organized efforts should be made to acclimatize the English titmouse, chaffinch, blackbird, robin redbreast, and the skylark—birds which were useful to the farmer and contributed to the beauty of the groves and fields. Mr. Robert Roosevelt read an interesting paper on the acclimatization of fish, in which he pointed out that we had little to do in the way of importing fishes from foreign countries, because there were scarcely any kinds useful as food or otherwise which we had not here in equal if not greater perfection. He showed that our efforts should be mainly directed to distributing the best of our own fishes through all the waters of the continent, and spoke of what had been done in this way with shad and salmon. The Oswego bass, he thought, was deserving of extensive propagation; but particularly spoke of the landlocked salmon of Maine and Canada, and the California brook trout. The latter fish he considered one of the best which swam in American waters, and was convinced that it would well repay the trouble of propagation here.
# The New York Times/1880/10/02/The Federal Reporter

Review essay published in the New York Times, Oct. 2, 1880, p. 8.
THE FEDERAL REPORTER.
Several times in past years we have spoken of the lack of any satisfactory system for reporting the subordinate Federal courts. Until now this matter has been, taking the country at large, in entire confusion. No attention has been paid to the subject by Government, and private enterprise has hitherto cared for it only in the more populous circuits and districts. The Federal Reporter undertakes to fill this chasm in the judicial system. Its engagement is to give immediate publication of all the current decisions of the Circuit and District Courts, issued every week, in the ordinary size and form of State reports. The number of pages in each issue varies in accordance with the quantity of matter received, the object being to give every opinion promptly, which makes some issues large and some small. The copies of the opinions published are in most instances supplied by the Clerks of the courts. The head-notes are prepared by the editor. The present volume is well edited and printed. The enterprise deserves the approval and support which we bespoke for it when it was first announced, and from acknowledgments in the preface of the “encouraging reception” which the first volume has received. and from the further facts that the second volume is completed in numbers and the publishers are even under way with the third, we infer that a satisfactory support is assured, and that the publication may be deemed permanent. It well deserves some appropriation by Congress to place the volumes in those public offices where early knowledge of the course of decisions in the national courts is peculiarly important.
The more notable contents of the first volume are about 30 decisions in the various branches of admiralty, covering the most recent questions as to carriage of goods, seamen’s wages, collisions, salvage, pilotage, &c.; about 20 cases on bankruptcy and debtors’ assignments, several of which discuss the effect of the repeal of the Bankrupt law and revival of State assignment laws; a case on the liability of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company for goods destroyed in the Pittsburg riots; the noted Parrott case, sustaining the right of the Chinese to have work and wages, notwithstanding the prohibitory regulations of the Pacific States; a decision expounding the Delaware registration system, which may well win attention from those who are preparing for the election this Fall; 10 or 12 decisions upon rights and liabilities of corporations, especially upon negotiable bonds; the noted Gommerford case on the delivery of lottery correspondence, with an elaborate charge to the jury in another case, explaining the same subject, and about two dozen decisions upon patents and trade-marks.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The New York Times/1876

Content exists for this periodical, though at this stage it is not specifically organised beyond a basic hierarchy.
The pages listed below are an automatically generated listing.
Special:PrefixIndex/The New York Times/1876/
# The New York Times/1877

Content exists for this periodical, though at this stage it is not specifically organised beyond a basic hierarchy.
The pages listed below are an automatically generated listing.
Special:PrefixIndex/The New York Times/1877/
# The New York Times/1880

Content exists for this periodical, though at this stage it is not specifically organised beyond a basic hierarchy.
The pages listed below are an automatically generated listing.
Special:PrefixIndex/The New York Times/1880/
# The New York Times/1878

Content exists for this periodical, though at this stage it is not specifically organised beyond a basic hierarchy.
The pages listed below are an automatically generated listing.
Special:PrefixIndex/The New York Times/1878/
# The North Star (Rochester)/1848/01/14/Liberian Declaration of Independence

​☞ On the outside of this week's paper will be found a declaration proclaiming the republic of Liberia independent of the American Colonization Society. The document shows the determination of the colonists to occupy a highly commendable position among the nations of the earth. We have no sympathy with the motives which induced the purchase of the colony; and we have little with the despondency that drove our brethren from our shores. The bitter fruits of their yielding to the infernal spirit of expatriation in the first place is now in full bloom with us. Fifty thousand of our fellow courtrymen, now nominally free, in the State of Virginia, are on the point of being driven from their hearths and homes before the bayonets of these same American Christians; which, had we resisted in the first instance, might have forever prevented anything like this last effort to colonize us.
We must feel this land to be our home, and make our white fellow countrymen feel the same. If we fail in this, our case is hopeless; but in this we cannot fail.