OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Aviation Weather AC 00-6A/Introduction
## Introduction

Weather is perpetual in the state of the atmosphere. All flying takes place in the atmosphere, so flying and weather are inseparable. Therefore, we cannot treat aviation weather purely as an academic subject. Throughout the book, we discuss each aspect of weather as it relates to aircraft operation and flight safety. However, this book is in no way an aircraft operating manual. Each pilot must apply the knowledge gained here to his own aircraft and flight capabilities.
The authors have devoted much of the book to marginal, hazardous, and violent weather which becomes a vital concern. Do not let this disproportionate time devoted to hazardous weather discourage you from flying. By and large, weather is generally good and places little restriction on flying. Less frequently, it becomes a threat to the VFR pilot but is good for IFR flight. On some occasions it becomes too violent even for the IFR pilot.
It behooves every pilot to learn to appreciate good weather, to recognize and respect marginal or hazardous weather, and to avoid violent weather when the atmosphere is on its most cantankerous behavior. For your safety and the safety of those with you, learn to recognize potential trouble and make sound flight decisions before it is too late. This is the real purpose of this manual.
Aviation Weatheris in two parts. Part I explains weather facts every pilot should know. Part II contains topics of special interest discussing high altitude, Arctic, tropical, and soaring weather. A glossary defines terms for your reference while reading this or other weather writings. To get a complete operational study, you will need in addition to this manual a copy of Aviation Weather Services, AC 00-45, which is explained in the Preface.
We sincerely believe you will enjoy this book and at the same time increase your flying safety and economy and, above all, enhance the pleasure and satisfaction of using today's most modern transportation.
# Aviation Weather AC 00-6A/Preface
## Preface

Aviation Weather is published jointly by the FAA Flight Standards Service and the National Weather Service (NWS). The publication began in 1943 as CAA Bulletin No. 25, Meteorology for Pilots, which at the time contained weather knowledge considered essential for most pilots. But as aircraft flew farther, faster, and higher and as meteorological knowledge grew, the bulletin became obsolete. It was revised in 1954 as Pilots' Weather Handbook and again in 1965 under its present title.
All these former editions suffered from one common problem. They dealt in part with weather services which change continually in keeping with current techniques and service demands. Therefore, each edition became somewhat outdated almost as soon as published; and its obsolescence grew throughout the period it remained in print.
To alleviate this problem, the new authors have completely rewritten this edition streamlining it into a clear, concise, and· readable book and omitting all reference to specific weather services. Thus, the text will remain valid and adequate for many years. A companion manual, Aviation Weather Services, Advisory Circular 00-45, supplements Aviation Weather. This supplement (AC 00-45) periodically is updated to reflect changes brought about by latest techniques, capabilities, and service demands. It explains current weather services and the formats and uses of weather charts and printed weather messages. The two manuals are sold separately; so at a nominal cost, a pilot can purchase a copy of the supplement (AC 00-45) periodically and keep current in aviation weather services.
C. Hugh Snyder, National Weather Service Coordinator and Training Consultant at the FAA Academy, directed the preparation of Aviation Weather and Aviation Weather Services. He and his assistant, John W. Zimmerman, Jr., did much of the writing and edited the final manuscripts. Recognition is given to these meteorologists on the NWS Coordinator's staff who helped write the original manuscript, organize the contents, and plan illustrations: Milton Lee Harrison, Edward A. Jessup, Joe L. Kendall, and Richard A. Mitchem. Beatrice Emery deserves special recognition for her relentless effort in typing, retyping, proofing, correcting, and assembling page after page of manuscript. Many other offices and individuals have contributed to the preparation, editing, and publication of the two volumes.
# Aviation Weather AC 00-6A

An updated version of this Advisory Circular, 00-6B, is being drafted by the FAA and its publication is forthcoming in 2016.
Provides an up-to-date and expanded text for pilots and other flight operations personnel whose interest in meteorology is primarily in its application to flying.
This version is based on PDFs available from the FAA.gov Web site: AC 00-6A - Aviation Weather For Pilots and Flight Operations Personnel.
Published by:
* Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Flight Standards Service
* Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402
Editorial Note: Figures 137 through 139 and 142 on pages 160, 161, and 165 have been rearranged to align with their proper legends. Corresponding corrections have been made in the Contents, page XII.
Editorial Note (9/82): Figures 137 through 139 on pages 160 and 161 have been rearranged in order to flow in proper sequence with the text. Corresponding corrections have been made in the Contents, page XII.
Front Matter
* Preface
* Introduction
* List of Illustrations
Part One: What You Should Know About Weather
* The Earth's Atmosphere
* Temperature
* Atmospheric Pressure and Altimetry
* Wind
* Moisture, Cloud Formation, and Precipitation
* Stable and Unstable Air
* Clouds
* Air Masses and Fronts
* Turbulence
* Icing
* Thunderstorms
* Common IFR Producers
Part Two: Over and Beyond
* High Altitude Weather
* Arctic Weather
* Tropical Weather
* Soaring Weather
Back Matter
* Glossary of Weather Terms
* Index
# British Butterflies (Coleman)/PREFACE
## PREFACE.

A desire to extend the knowledge of, and by so doing to extend the love for, those sunny creatures called Butterflies, has prompted the author to undertake this little work, which, though making no pretence to a technically scientific character, will, it is hoped, be found sufficiently complete and accurate to supply all information needful to the young entomologist as to the names, appearance, habits, localities, &c. of all our British Butterflies, together with a general history of butterfly life—the mode of capture, preservation, and arrangement in cabinets—the apparatus required, &c. At the same time it is so inexpensive as to be accessible to every schoolboy.
The subject is one which has formed the delight and study of the author from early boyhood, and butterfly-hunting still preserves its fascinations, redoubling the pleasure of the country ramble in summer.
Should this volume be the means of inciting some to seek this source of healthful enjoyment, and to join in the peaceful study which may be so easily pursued by all dwellers in the country, it will have succeeded in its purpose.
The whole of the illustrative portraits of the butterflies have been drawn from nature by the author, and with one exception from specimens in his own collection. At least one figure of each species (of the natural size) is given; but in very many instances, where the sexes differ considerably from each other, both are figured, and the under sides are also frequently added.
The greater number of the caterpillars and chrysalides, however, being rarely met with, the figures on the first plate are nearly all borrowed from the splendid and accurate works of Continental authors—chiefly from Hübner and Duponchel.
With great pleasure, the author here acknowledges his obligations, for many biographical facts relating to butterflies, to those highly useful periodicals, the Zoologist and the Entomologist's Weekly Intelligencer, the former devoted to general natural history, the latter especially to entomology, and whose pages register a mass of interesting and original communications from correspondents who, living in wide-spread localities, and possessing varied opportunities of observation, have gradually brought together, under able editorship, a store of facts that could never have come within the personal experience of any one man, however industrious and observant.
The capture during the past year of a new and interesting butterfly for the first time in this country, is recorded in this volume, in which the insect is also figured and described.
* Bayswater, April 1860.
# British Columbia Mills Tug Barge Company v. Mylroie

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
259 U.S. 1
British Columbia Mills Tug Barge Company v. Mylroie
Argued: April 23, 24, 1922. --- Decided: May 15, 1922
Messrs. W. B. Stratton and Charles H. Farrell, both of Seattle, Wash., for petitioner.
Mr. Wm. H. Gorham, of Seattle, Wash., for respondent.
Mr. Chief Justice TAFT delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# British Cabinet Minutes of 16 December 1920

* related portals: Historical documents.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
British Cabinet Minutes of 16 December 1920 (Extracts concerning Ireland). Extract (4) is largely self-explanatory while extract (7) concerns negotiations in the Houses of Parliament relating to the Government of Ireland Bill and, in particular, the draft provision of what would become Section 72 of that the Government of Ireland Act.
(This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty’s Government.) -SECRET- CABINET 71(2). CONCLUSIUONS of a Meeting of the Cabinet, held at 10, Downing Street, S.W.1, on THURSDAY, DECEMBER 16, 1920, at 12 Noon.
PROVISIONS OF SHIPPING FOR MOVEMENT OF PRISONERS IN IRELAND.
(4) The Cabinet had before them a Memorandum by the Secretary of State for War on the provision of shipping for the movement of prisoners in Ireland (Paper C.P. -2266). The Cabinet were informed that over 1,000 leading members of the Sinn Fein organisation had been interned, with beneficent results on the state of order in Ireland. The Irish gaols were now full, and an internment camp had been arranged in Ulster. It was essential that large numbers should be moved thither by sea. There was a strong objection to use of merchant ships, owing to the risk of mutiny among the interned persons, and strikes among the crews. The Secretary of State for War and the Chief Secretary for Ireland pressed strongly that the Admiralty should allow men-of-war to be utilised. The Cabinet were then informed that the Admiralty had been approached on the subject on December 10th, and had at once given the necessary instructions concerned to render every possible assistance. Several warships were now available. The Cabinet took note of the intention of the admiralty to render every possible assistance.
Ireland [Part of Text of Heading Missing]
(7) With reference to Conclusion 1 of a Conference of Ministers held at 9 p.m. on December 15, 1920, the Cabinet further considered the situation which would arise if the Amendments of the House of Lords, dealing with the Suspensory Clause and the Appointed Day, were accepted, and were informed of the result of the negotiations which had taken place since the Conference held on the previous evening. A suggestion was put forward that in the event of the first election of the Southern Parliament [the Parliament of Southern Ireland] proving abortive and Crown Colony government being set up, there should not be held a second election without a Resolution of both Houses of the Imperial Parliament. The Cabinet agreed – That, in view of the Government’s willingness to make concessions in regard to – (a) The Senates, (b) (b) the Surtax, (c) (c) the bi-cameral Parliament (d) It was undesirable at this stage to make further concessions in regard to the Lords’ Amendments to the Suspensory Clause and the Appointed Day.
Whitehall Gardens, Sw.1 December 15, 1920.
# Bohemian Poems, Ancient and Modern/A Tale of Bristol

A TALE OF BRISTOL.
TO love and leave one’s love afar, Another lover near her, And know within the heart of hearts She loves that other dearer,
It is a woeful woeful lot, It is a fate of sorrow, Of wishing morn were eventide, And ev’ry day its morrow;
And bitter tears steal down amain, And sighs half choke the breath, And then a man would gladly feel The welcome hand of Death.
But evil is the wind that blows With nought of good below, And worthless is the heart, whose good Affliction cannot shew.
Far other tales by Avon’s bank An old man told to me, Far other tales of promis’d brides, That brides refus’d to be.
A promise broken broke a heart, Yet broke it to contain More love than that of one dear bride. And constant to remain.
In constancy and love he dwelt, A brideless bridegroom aye, Whose bride was false to plighted troth, And said her promise nay.
He gaz’d upon her issuing forth From the Cathedral door; Her arm was in another’s link’d, Another’s name she bore;
Her false lips wore a syren smile, Her false hand wore the ring; In sooth it was a woeful sight, That tears to eyes might bring.
Quoth he, as softly pacing on That fair deceiver smil’d, ‘Henceforth each widow is my wife, ‘Each orphan is my child.’
Thus was he wedded, yet unbound In wedlock’s mystic tie, And ever all his wedded life Was purest charity.
Yea, and her offspring came at length To woe and deep distress, And at his schools was freely taught The paths of righteousness.
‘And thus, Sir,’ said the agèd man, Who told to me the tale, ‘And thus it was that Christ look’d down ‘Upon the poor man’s wail.’
‘O wondrous is the Lord,’ I said, ‘And wondrous are his ways, ‘Who turneth present ill to good, ‘As penitence to praise.
‘The sorrow of the rich man’s soul ‘Hath help’d the poor man’s smart; ‘And blessèd be God’s discipline, ‘That thaws and melts the heart.’
# Bohemian Poems, Ancient and Modern/Arrival of the Czechs

ARRIVAL OF THE CZECHS.
WHERE Tatar mountains to the skies Above all pine-clad hills arise, Where Visla’s streams are roll’d; There finds the mountain-region place, The cradle of the Czeskish race, Thence came the Czechs of old.
They’ve cross’d three rivers on their road, An eagle shew’d the will of God, Up to the hills their guide; While he on high doth hovering go Leads Czech the people down below, Where the green plain is wide.
He westward with the sun doth go, When soft Šumawa’s breezes blow, To Labe’s streams they come; Amidst the land he stands and calls, He kneels, the tear in gladness falls, He kisses the new home.
Calls to his brethren “Woodlands clear, Make ploughs, and gardens soon appear,
Aids Radihost the while; Forth from the ground spring golden ears, With them a golden age appears, And Swantowit doth smile.”
Therefore with pious zeal that burns To sacred Rzip his steps he turns, To praise Perun on high; For prosperous times he prays and fair, For fame—the people gather’d there Doth “Long live Czechia!” cry.
* ↑ Visla, the Vistula.
* ↑ Šumawa, the mountain range to the west of Bohemia.
* ↑ Labe, the Elbe.
* ↑ Radihost, the Slavonic goddess of trade. Swantowit, the god of war. Rzip, the sacred mountain, where Perun the god of thunder, the supreme deity, was adored.
# Bohemian Poems, Ancient and Modern/Beneš Hermanow

This poem comes from the so called Queen's Court Manuscript, alleged mediaeval work whose real author was most probably Václav Hanka in the early 19th century.
HISTORICAL BALLADS.
BENEŠ HERMANOW.
OVERTHROW OF THE SAXONS.
O TELL me, Sun, thou gentle Sun, Why thou dost mourning go? And wherefore thou dost shine on us, A people full of woe?
Where, where’s our prince, our army? He To Otto’s court is gone;— Who from the foe our land shall free Thus orphan and alone?
In columns long the Germans march, The Germans Saxons are, Into our country from the hills, That wave with woods afar.
‘Give, give, ye wretches, silver, gold, And all that ye possess, Or else ye shall in flames behold Mansions and cottages’!’
And they have burn’d our all, have ta’en Our gold and silver too, Our cattle they have driv’n away, And now towards Trosky go.
O do not, peasant, do not mourn! The grass again will grow, Although it long has trodden been By footsteps of the foe.
Twine, twine a wreath of wild flowérs For your deliv’rer’s brow! The green corn glitters fresh again, And all a change doth know.
Yea quickly all a change did know, Lo! how the people all To council Benes Hermanow Against the foe doth call!
Now stream the peasants where the wood ’Neath Hrubá Skála grows, And each is weapon’d with a flail, That ’gainst the Saxons goes.
’Tis Benes leads the van, the folk Doth follow wrathful wise, And Vengeance, vengeance every man Against the plund’rers cries.
O anger fierce and savage wrath
Did fill both armies then, And in the inmost breasts did storm Of the enragéd men!
And fury in the foemen’s eyes Against each other glows, And club ’gainst club on high they raise, And spears to spears oppose.
On one another rush’d the hosts, As wood on wood were hurl’d, And like the lightning of the sky, So gleam’d the swords they whirl’d.
A fearful cry arising then The forest beasts doth fright, And scareth all the wingéd fowls To the third ridge’s height.
Spread from the rocky hills throughout The vales upon the breeze Here strokes of clubs, and here of swords, Like fall of ancient trees.
Thus motionless both armies stood Against each other there, On heels that firm implantéd stay, On legs that steadfast are.
But Benes wends himself on high. And towards the right doth swing His sword, the army thither hastes; Then towards the other wing
He points, towards the left they rush; Thence towards the rocky pass; And from the rocks upon the foe They hurl the stony mass.
Now to the plain the fight descends, The Germans they must fly, The Germans they must shriek aloud, The Germans they must die!
# Bohemian Poems, Ancient and Modern/Accompanying Home

ACCOMPANYING HOME.
AS I my own Ludmilla Conducted to her home, Upon the grass we sat us,— What’s that to any one?
But it was nothing naughty, That there we two were at, But only open-hearted Did we together chat.
I squeeze her little fingers, With faltering voice declare, ‘If but, my dear Ludmilla, A bit more grown you were!’
She cast her little eyes down, And at her cheeks so bright, (So red they glow’d with blushes,) You might a candle light.
I speak again, ‘Dear Maiden, What is it makes thy woe’? With that upon me streaming, Her scalding tears did flow.
‘O weep not, golden maiden! O what has come to thee? For thee has ever, ever, My heart beat loyally.’
Thereon with fond affection Her to my heart I press, And all intoxicated I swim in happiness.
The calm still moon forth issued, All wan and pale was she, And when I kiss’d my darling, She smil’d our bliss to see.
To meet again to-morrow We faithful promise made, But something rustled near us,— O how we were afraid!
Then I at length arising Accompanied her home, And still I gave her kisses— What’s that to any one?
⁂ This song is extremely popular with the “lower orders” in Bohemia, I have therefore employed extremely popular language in the translation.
# Bohemian Poems, Ancient and Modern/Blue Eyes

BLUE EYES.
O YE eyes, ye eyes, Eyes so clear and blue, All with me is whirling, If I think on you.
Where’s my cheerful humour? Where’s my comfort gone? It, so soon I saw you, Vanish’d thereupon.
As an arrow, swiftly Did it all depart, Leaving in my bosom Never-ending smart.
Wheresoe’er I turn me, Where my footsteps go, Ev’ry where I see you, Eyes so clear and blue.
O ye eyes, ye eyes, Eyes so blue and clear, Cease not to torment me, Long as I live here!
# Bohemian Poems, Ancient and Modern/Buchlow

BUCHLOW.
O SAY, Morava, why thy stream With turbid waves doth go? The sun on thee doth brightly beam, Then why not brightly flow?
‘O how can I be bright and clear, When troubled is my stream? When all my fate is dark and drear, How can I other seem?
‘A German to my fountain came, To cull a nosegay there, And said in scorn, that it was shame, My flow’rets were so fair.
‘And by the roots he tore them up, My hope, my joy, my pride! And ah! when he had torn them up, He flung them all aside.
‘He flung them all to float and die Upon my winding river; And shall I not flow mournfully For ever and for ever?
O say not that for evermore Thy stream must mourning flow! I hear a step upon thy shore, That softly there doth go.
It is a Lady pacing nigh; Not far her castle frowns, That with its turrets proud and high The mountain yonder crowns.
The blood that flow'd in Vaclaw’s veins, And in Ludmilla mild, Ludmilla’s life again sustains, Their true and worthy child.
O mourn, Morava, mourn no more! Thy stream must brighter flow; For One is pacing on thy shore, Who feeleth all thy woe.
And hark! O hark! what joy resounds, Where all was sad and drear! The music of Slavonic sounds From noble lips I hear!
And more true hearts will come in turn, And firmly all unite, And by Morava’s crystal urn Will blossom fair and bright.
O then, Morava, let thy stream No more despairing go! The sun on thee doth brightly beam, And thou must brightly flow.
⁂ The Morava is marked on ordinary English maps as the river March in Moravia.
* ↑ See note to p. xxiv of the Introductory Essay.
* ↑ The Countess Ludmilla Berchtold of Buchlow and Buchlowic, is descended lineally from St Ludmilla, and from the brother of St Vaclaw.
# Bohemian Poems, Ancient and Modern/A Little Birth-day Ode

A LITTLE BIRTH-DAY ODE.
MY little Sister, list to me, O list to me awhile, I pray, And I will tell what thoughts of thee Have come into my mind to day.
I’ve seen the seedlings springing gay, Nor flower nor fruit upon them found, But if they’re sickly or decay, Useless the culture of the ground.
Suppose the ground is Clara’s heart, Good thoughts and wishes growing there; Be diligent and do your part, For tend’rer plants need greater care.
And never think you’re useless all, Because your times to help are few, For, though her youthful sphere is small, Clara has more than she can do.
Good words, your flowers, must now around Their perfume sweet begin to throw, And fruit of blessed deeds be found Among the fig-tree’s leaves to grow.
# Bohemian Poems, Ancient and Modern/A Valentine

A VALENTINE.
THERE’S a sigh in the breeze as it softly steals by, And its burden a name that I know, And sweet to mine ear is that wind whisper’d sigh, Though it bears me the name of a foe.
Fair foe, thou art victor, be courteous and kind, And use thy poor prisoner well, Nor deep in Despair’s gloomy dungeon confin’d, Let him pining and languishing dwell.
As captives their captors low bending entreat, So I with meek hope entreat mine, That she condescending my tribute will greet, And deign to be my Valentine.
THE END.