OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# On the Sublime/Chapter 27

XXVII
Sometimes, again, a writer in the midst of a narrative in the third person suddenly steps aside and makes a transition to the first. It is a kind of figure which strikes like a sudden outburst of passion. Thus Hector in the Iliad
"With mighty voice called to the men of Troy To storm the ships, and leave the bloody spoils: If any I behold with willing foot Shunning the ships, and lingering on the plain, That hour I will contrive his death."
The poet then takes upon himself the narrative part, as being his proper business; but this abrupt threat he attributes, without a word of warning, to the enraged Trojan chief. To have interposed any such words as "Hector said so and so" would have had a frigid effect. As the lines stand the writer is left behind by his own words, and the transition is ​effected while he is preparing for it.2 Accordingly the proper use of this figure is in dealing with some urgent crisis which will not allow the writer to linger, but compels him to make a rapid change from one person to another. So in Hecataeus: "Now Ceyx took this in dudgeon, and straightway bade the children of Heracles to depart. 'Behold, I can give you no help; lest, therefore, ye perish yourselves and bring hurt upon me also, get ye forth into some other land.'"3 There is a different use of the change of persons in the speech of Demosthenes against Aristogeiton, which places before us the quick turns of violent emotion. "Is there none to be found among you," he asks, "who even feels indignation at the outrageous conduct of a loathsome and shameless wretch who,—vilest of men, when you were debarred from freedom of speech, not by barriers or by doors, which might indeed be opened," etc. Thus in the midst of a half-expressed thought he makes a quick change of front, and having almost in his anger torn one word into two persons, "who, vilest of men," etc., he then breaks off his address to Aristogeiton, and seems to leave him, nevertheless, by the passion of his utterance, rousing all the more the attention of the court.4 The same feature may be observed in a speech of Penelope's—
"Why com'st thou, Medon, from the wooers proud? Com'st thou to bid the handmaids of my lord To cease their tasks, and make for them good cheer? Ill fare their wooing, and their gathering here! Would God that here this hour they all might take Their last, their latest meal! Who day by day Make here your muster, to devour and waste The substance of my son: have ye not heard When children at your fathers' knee the deeds And prowess of your king?"
* ↑ Il. xv. 346.
* ↑ c. Aristog. i. 27.
* ↑ Od. iv. 681.
# On the Sublime/Chapter 28

XXVIII
None, I suppose, would dispute the fact that periphrasis tends much to sublimity. For, as in music the simple air is rendered more pleasing by the addition of harmony, so in language periphrasis often sounds in concord with a literal expression, adding much to the beauty of its tone,–provided always that it is not inflated and harsh, but agreeably blended.2 To confirm this one passage from Plato will suffice–the opening words of his Funeral Oration: "In deed these men have now received from us their due, and that tribute paid they are now passing on their destined journey, with the State speeding them all and his own friends speeding each one of them on his way." Death, you see, he calls the "destined journey"; to receive the ​rites of burial is to be publicly "sped on your way" by the State. And these turns of language lend dignity in no common measure to the thought. He takes the words in their naked simplicity and handles them as a musician, investing them with melody,–harmonising them, as it were,–by the use of periphrasis.3 So Xenophon: "Labour you regard as the guide to a pleasant life, and you have laid up in your souls the fairest and most soldier-like of all gifts: in praise is your delight, more than in anything else." By saying, instead of "you are ready to labour," "you regard labour as the guide to a pleasant life," and by similarly expanding the rest of that passage, he gives to his eulogy a much wider and loftier range of sentiment. Let us add that inimitable phrase in Herodotus: "Those Scythians who pillaged the temple were smitten from heaven by a female malady."
* ↑ Menex. 236, D.
* ↑ Cyrop. i. 5. 12.
# On the Sublime/Chapter 29

XXIX
But this figure, more than any other, is very liable to abuse, and great restraint is required in employing it. It soon begins to carry an impression of feebleness, savours of vapid trifling, and arouses disgust. Hence Plato, who is very bold and not always happy in his use of figures, is much ridiculed ​for saying in his Laws that "neither gold nor silver wealth must be allowed to establish itself in our State," suggesting, it is said, that if he had forbidden property in oxen or sheep he would certainly have spoken of it as "bovine and ovine wealth."
2Here we must quit this part of our subject, hoping, my dear friend Terentian, that your learned curiosity will be satisfied with this short excursion on the use of figures in their relation to the Sublime. All those which I have mentioned help to render a style more energetic and impassioned; and passion contributes as largely to sublimity as the delineation of character to amusement.
# On the Sublime/Chapter 25

XXV
When past events are introduced as happening in present time the narrative form is changed into ​a dramatic action. Such is that description in Xenophon: "A man who has fallen and is being trampled under foot by Cyrus's horse, strikes the belly of the animal with his scimitar; the horse starts aside and unseats Cyrus, and he falls." Similarly in many passages of Thucydides.
# On the Sublime/Chapter 3

III
… "And let them check the stove's long tongues of fire: For if I see one tenant of the hearth, I'll thrust within one curling torrent flame, And bring that roof in ashes to the ground: But now not yet is sung my noble lay."
Such phrases cease to be tragic, and become burlesque,—I mean phrases like "curling torrent flames" and "vomiting to heaven," and representing Ḃoreas as a piper, and so on. Such expressions, and such images, produce an effect of confusion and obscurity, not of energy; and if each separately be examined under the light of criticism, what seemed terrible gradually sinks into absurdity. Since then, even in tragedy, where the natural dignity of the subject makes a swelling diction allowable, we cannot pardon a tasteless grandiloquence, how much more incongruous must it seem in sober prose! Hence2 we laugh at those fine words of Gorgias of Leontini, such as "Xerxes the Persian Zeus" and "vultures, those living tombs," and at certain conceits of Callisthenes which are high-flown rather than sublime, and at some in Cleitarchus more ludicrous still—a writer whose frothy style tempts us to travesty Sophocles and say, "He blows a little pipe, ​and blows it ill." The same faults may be observed in Amphicrates and Hegesias and Matris, who in their frequent moments (as they think) of inspiration, instead of playing the genius are simply playing the fool.
3Speaking generally, it would seem that bombast is one of the hardest things to avoid in writing. For all those writers who are ambitious of a lofty style, through dread of being convicted of feebleness and poverty of language, slide by a natural gradation into the opposite extreme. "Who fails in great endeavour, nobly fails," is their creed. 4Now bulk, when hollow and affected, is always objectionable, whether in material bodies or in writings, and in danger of producing on us an impression of littleness: "nothing," it is said, "is drier than a man with the dropsy."
The characteristic, then, of bombast is that it transcends the Sublime: but there is another fault diametrically opposed to grandeur: this is called uerility, and it is the failing of feeble and narrow minds,—indeed, the most ignoble of all vices in writing. By puerility we mean a pedantic habit of mind, which by over-elaboration ends in frigidity. Slips of this sort are made by those who, aiming at brilliancy, polish, and especially attractiveness, are landed in paltriness and silly affectation. 5 Closely associated with this is a third sort of vice, in ​dealing with the passions, which Theodorus used to call false sentiment, meaning by that an ill-timed and empty display of emotion, where no emotion is called for, or of greater emotion than the situation warrants. Thus we often see an author hurried by the tumult of his mind into tedious displays of mere personal feeling which has no connection with the subject. Yet how justly ridiculous must an author appear, whose most violent transports leave his readers quite cold! However, I will dismiss this subject, as I intend to devote a separate work to the treatment of the pathetic in writing.
# On the Sublime/Chapter 31

XXXI
… There is a genuine ring in that line of Anacreon's—
"The Thracian filly I no longer heed."
The same merit belongs to that original phrase in Theophrastus; to me, at least, from the closeness of its analogy, it seems to have a peculiar expressiveness, though Caecilius censures it, without telling us why. "Philip," says the historian, "showed a marvellous alacrity in taking doses of trouble." We see from this that the most homely language is sometimes far more vivid than the most ornamental, being recognised at once as the language of common life, and gaining immediate currency by its ​familiarity. In speaking, then, of Philip as "taking doses of trouble," Theopompus has laid hold on a phrase which describes with peculiar vividness one who for the sake of advantage endured what was base and sordid with patience and cheerfulness.2 The same may be observed of two passages in Herodotus: "Cleomenes having lost his wits, cut his own flesh into pieces with a short sword, until by gradually mincing his whole body he destroyed himself"; and "Pythes continued fighting on his ship until he was entirely hacked to pieces. Such terms come home at once to the vulgar reader, but their own vulgarity is redeemed by their expressiveness.
* ↑ See Note.
* ↑ vi. 75.
* ↑ vii. 181
# On the Sublime/Chapter 24

XXIV
On the other hand, the contraction of plurals into singulars sometimes creates an appearance of great dignity; as in that phrase of Demosthenes: "Thereupon all Peloponnesus was divided." There is another in Herodotus: "When Phrynichus brought a drama on the stage entitled The Taking of Miletus, the whole theatre fell a weeping"—instead of "all the spectators." This knitting together of a number of scattered particulars into one whole gives them an aspect of corporate life. And the beauty of both uses lies, I think, in their betokening emotion, by giving a sudden change of complexion to the circumstances,—whether a word which is strictly singular is unexpectedly changed into a plural,—or whether a number of isolated units are combined by the use of a single sonorous word under one head.
# On the Sublime/Chapter 26

XXVI
Equally dramatic is the interchange of persons, often making a reader fancy himself to be moving in the midst of the perils described—
"Unwearied, thou would st deem, with toil unspent, They met in war; so furiously they fought."
and that line in Aratus—
"Beware that month to tempt the surging sea."
2In the same way Herodotus: "Passing from the city of Elephantine you will sail upwards until you reach a level plain. You cross this region, and there entering another ship you will sail on for two days, and so reach a great city, whose name is Meroe." Observe how he takes us, as it were, by the hand, and leads us in spirit through these places, making us no longer readers, but spectators. Such a direct personal address always has the effect of placing the reader in the midst of the scene of ​action.3 And by pointing your words to the individual reader, instead of to the readers generally, as in the line
"Thou had'st not known for whom Tydides fought,"
and thus exciting him by an appeal to himself, you will rouse interest, and fix attention, and make him a partaker in the action of the book.
* ↑ Il. xv. 697.
* ↑ Phaen. 287.
* ↑ ii. 29.
* ↑ Il. v. 85.
# On the Sublime/Chapter 30

XXX
But since the thoughts conveyed by words and the expression of those thoughts are for the most part interwoven with one another, we will now add some considerations which have hitherto been overlooked on the subject of expression. To say that the choice of appropriate and striking words has a marvellous power and an enthralling charm for the reader, that this is the main object of pursuit with all orators and writers, that it is this, and this alone, which causes the works of literature to exhibit the glowing perfections of the finest statues, their ​grandeur, their beauty, their mellowness, their dignity, their energy, their power, and all their other graces, and that it is this which endows the facts with a vocal soul; to say all this would, I fear, be, to the initiated, an impertinence. Indeed, we may say with strict truth that beautiful words are the very light of thought.2 I do not mean to say that imposing language is appropriate to every occasion. A trifling subject tricked out in grand and stately words would have the same effect as a huge tragic mask placed on the head of a little child. Only in poetry and …
# Once a Week (magazine)/Series 1/Volume 4/A northern Crystal Palace

Contributor unknown.
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# Once a Week (magazine)/Series 1/Volume 4/Alnwick Castle

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# Once a Week (magazine)/Series 1/Volume 4/An experience of Jersey law

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# Once a Week (magazine)/Series 1/Volume 4/Ana (April 13, 1861)

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# Once a Week (magazine)/Series 1/Volume 4/Ana (May 25, 1861)

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# Pennsylvania Company v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
236 U.S. 351
Pennsylvania Company v. United States
Argued: December 14 and 15, 1914. --- Decided: February 23, 1915
Messrs. Frederic D. McKenney, Gordon Fisher, and A. P. Burgwin for appellant.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 352-355 intentionally omitted]
Mr. William A. Glasgow, Jr., for the Buffalo, Rochester, & Pittsburgh Railway Company.
Solicitor General Davis and Mr. Blackburn Esterline, Special Assistant to the Attorney General, for the United States.
Messrs. Charles W. Needham and Joseph W. Folk for the Interstate Commerce Commission.
Mr. Justice Day delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Pennsylvania Company v. Weber

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
257 U.S. 85
Pennsylvania Company v. Weber
Argued: Oct. 13, 1921. --- Decided: Nov 7, 1921
Messrs. Henry Wolf Bikle and Francis I. Gowen, both of Philadelphia, Pa., and Frederic D. McKenney, of Washington, D. C., for plaintiff in error.
Mr. Wm. A. Glasgow, Jr., of Philadelphia, Pa., for defendant in error.
Mr. Justice DAY delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Pennsylvania Company v. Wabash, St. Louis & P. Railway Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
157 U.S. 225
Pennsylvania Company v. Wabash, St. Louis & P. Railway Company
George Willard and George Hoadly, for appellant.
Wells H. Blodgett, for appellees.
Mr. Justice HARLAN delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Once a Week (magazine)/Series 1/Volume 5/The Steelyard (Postscript)

Addendum to an article of the same title.
The Steelyard.—Since our article on the “Steelyard” was written, the writer has exexamined, with a light, part of a range of warehouses where previously he had only groped in darkness. Here a remarkable mass of wall, about forty feet in length by about fourteen high, was observed. The masonry is composed of small, well dressed cubes of stone, of excellent masonry, apparently inserted endwise, and every third course of stones is topped with a binding course of squared flints, as is often noticed in buildings of Roman construction. In this wall there are three buttresses, stepped at the tops, and faced with squared flints alternately with the courses of stone. Between the buttresses are plain corbels. This remarkable vestige of the ancient Steelyard is situated on the western side of the premises, and in a line with the building of the thirteenth century, conceived to have been the chapel, running southward towards the Thames.
# Once a Week (magazine)/Series 1/Volume 5/The cockhorse regiment

THE COCKHORSE REGIMENT.
When the Thirty Years War was finally brought to a termination by the treaty of peace of Westphalia, which was concluded at Nüremburg in 1560, the civic authorities of that place ordered in commemoration public rejoicings of various kinds,—banquets, balls, fireworks, &c. But among all these public diversions, none was more distinguished for singularity and originality, and perhaps childish simplicity, than the procession of lads and boys on sticks or cockhorses. Thus mounted they rode, regularly divided into companies, through the streets, and halted before the hotel of the Red-Horse, where was staying the Imperial Commissioner Octavius Piccolomini, Duc d’Amali. The duke was so pleased with the novel cavalcade that he requested a repetition of the same procession at an early day of the following week, which they performed in much larger numbers. On arriving before his hotel, the duke distributed amongst them small square silver medals (of the value of about 5d. each) which he had in the interval caused to be struck. The coin represented on the obverse, a boy on a hobbyhorse with whip in hand, and the year 1560 was inscribed in the centre, while the reverse represented the double eagle and armorial bearings of Austria, with the inscription: “Vivat Ferdinandus III. Rom. Imp. vivat!”
M.
# Once a Week (magazine)/Series 1/Volume 5/The congress at Rhinocorura

The Congress at Rhinocorura.—Epiphanius, the Greek father of the church, the same who forbade the reading of the writings of the far-famed Origenes, states (in his “Panarion Hæresium, 83”), that the first congress held about the division of the world was at Rhinocorura, where the three sons of Noah met, and divided amongst themselves all the countries of the globe, and which political act Noah afterwards confirmed in his will. The pious Philastrius (a contemporary of Epiphanius) goes still further, and counts the disbelief in the above division, and in its legitimacy, amongst the number of heresies: it is the 118th in his nomenclature.
# Oregon Historical Quarterly/Volume 35/Review: A Day with the Cow Column in 1843

A Day with the Cow Column in 1843, by JESSE APPLEGATE; Recollections of My Boyhood, by JESSE A. APPLEGATE, with introduction and notes by JOSEPH SCHAFER, printed for the Caxton Club, Chicago, 1934, 201 pages.
By Philip H. PARRISH
THOSE COLLECTORS of Oregoniana who have the good fortune to se cure one of the three hundred copies of this book will find it worth cherishing. "A Day with the Cow Column" and "Recollections of My Boyhood" have appeared together in book form before, but in this case the scrupulously perfect printing, the highly permanent binding, and the introduction by Dr. Schafer, made it something the collector cannot overlook.
As for the works of the two Applegates, they need no advocacy at this late date. Jesse's description of the cow column is without question the best bit of literature left to us by any participant in the pioneer movement, and dealing with that movement. On the other hand, Jesse A.'s recollections recount the adventure from the stand point of a child, and in literary merit they approach the work of the uncle. Dr. Schafer's introduction dissects the two Applegates briefly but with satisfying completeness, and included is considerable valuable biographical material secured from members of the Applegate family still residing in Oregon. The book will be desired by those who want the final and complete record in a form to be kept for all time.
# Oregon Historical Quarterly/Volume 35/Review: The Heart of the Skyloo

By Irene Upson
It has been Mr. Sperlin's aim, in writing The Heart of the Skyloo, to produce a true picture of the Indians who lived in the Okanogan country during the fur trading era. He has gathered his materials from many sources. Alexander Ross, David Thompson, Ross Cox, and many other writers of the early days have furnished an historical back ground for his narrative and he has made good use of many of their incidents and much information relative to the customs and conditions of the Indians. To this he has added color and first hand information about Indian lore and traditions which he has gathered by means of personal interviews with Indians and descendants of some of the characters who appear in the book.
The tale of the Indians is fictionized, as tales of Indians must need's be, from the lack of any record of their lives, but many of the native characters have been introduced in the pages of Cox, Ross, and others. In tracing their lives he has made some assumptions unwarrantable in the eyes of an historian, such as the merging of the character of Kokome Nepeeka, one of the Indian women who preceded Thompson to Astoria, into that of Bundosh or Boudash the Kootenai woman, and the invention of the subsequent career of Ross's priest, but these devices are acceptable as fiction or conjecture. Although his native heroine might be thought somewhat too full of simple goodness and civilized understanding, Mr. Sperlin has followed his sources closely in his representation of the lives of the Indians in general.
For the purpose of representing in English the native speech and, mode of thought, Mr. Sperlin has adopted a style of writing which combines native words and jargon with complicated English. This mixture forms a sizeable barrier between the reader and the meaning to be conveyed, and the result of the whole is not altogether a happy one, in the mind of this reviewer.
The vocabulary of Indian words at the end of the book is helpful (indeed, necessary to the understanding of the text) and, of large enough scope to be generally useful for reference. The materials gathered at first hand from the natives, and the identifications made by Francois Saxa, mentioned by Mr. Sperlin in his acknowledgments, might have been made more useful to students by means of an introduction or the use of footnotes. The book is attractively printed and bound by the Metropolitan Press.