OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/dannen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/dannen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ dannen, adv., only preserved in the phrase von dannen, ‘thence, from thence’; MidHG. dannen, OHG. dannana, dannân, and danân, ‘inde, illinc’; AS. þanon, E. thence. For Goth. *þanana the word þaþrô, formed from the same root, was used.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/dar

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/dar | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ dar, adv., ‘there,’ etymologically identical with da (whence the compounds daran, darin, darum, &c.), and with OHG. dara, ‘thither.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/dahlen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/dahlen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ dahlen, vb., ‘to talk nonsense,’ from the LG.; comp. E. to dally (the initial d indicates that the word was borrowed), which is traced back to OIc. þylja, ‘to chatter.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/decken

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/decken | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ decken, vb., ‘to cover, screen,’ from the equiv. ModHG. dęcken, OHG. dęcchan; the latter (with cch- from kj) from *þakjan, which was most likely the Goth. form; comp. AS. þęccan (obsolete in E.); OIc. þekja, ‘to cover.’ þakjan is a deriv. of the Aryan root teg (discussed under Dach), which appears with the same meaning in Lat. tegere, Gr. σ-τέγεω, Sans. sthagâmi. A str. vb. þekan corresponding to tego, στέγω, is is nowhere recorded within the Teut. group; the wk. vb. has assumed its function.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Brücke

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Brücke. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Brücke, feminine, ‘bridge,’ from the equivalent Middle High German brücke, Old High German brucka, feminine, which points to Gothic *brugjô, feminine; compare Dutch brug, Anglo-Saxon brycg, English bridge. Besides the meaning ‘bridge,’ common to West Teutonic, the Old Icelandic bryggja (likewise Low German brügge) is used in the sense of ‘landing-place, pier,’ while brú (equal to Modern High German Braue) is the proper Scandinavian word for ‘bridge.’ Brücke (from *brugjô-) is undoubtedly allied to Old Icelandic brú; no common Aryan term for bridge can be found. Old Slovenian brŭvĭ also means both ‘eyebrow’ and ‘bridge,’ and Old High German brâwa (see under Braue) is identical with Old Gallic brîva, ‘bridge,’ both of which point to Aryan bhrêwâ. With regard to the transition of *brawî to *brugî, see Jugend.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Bube

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Bube. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Bube, masculine, ‘box, lad, rogue, knave (at cards),’ from Middle High German buobe (Middle Low German bóve), masculine, ‘boy, servant, disorderly person’ (Old High German *buobo and Gothic *bôba are wanting); a primitive German word, undoubtedly of great antiquity, though unrecorded in the various Old Teutonic periods (yet note the proper names identical with it, Old High German Buobo, Anglo-Saxon Bôfa). Compare Middle Dutch boeve, Dutch boef (English boy is probably based upon a diminutive *bôfig, *bôfing). ‘Young man, youth,’ is manifestly the original sense of the word; compare Bavarian bua, ‘lover,’ Swiss bua, ‘unmarried man.’ To this word Middle English babe, English baby are related by gradation; also Swiss, bâbi, bœ̂bi (most frequently tokχebâbi, tittibâbi), ‘childish person’ (Zwingli — “Baben are effeminate, foolish youths”); akin to this is Old High German Babo, a proper name. The Old Teutonic words babo-bôbo are probably terms expressing endearment (compare Ätti, Base, Muhme), since the same phonetic forms are also used similarly in other cases; compare Old Slovenian baba, ‘grandmother’; further, Italian babbéo, ‘ninny,’ Provençal babau, ‘fop’ (late Latin baburrus, ‘foolish’), Italian babbole, ‘childish tricks.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Buche

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Buche. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Buche, feminine, ‘beech, beech-tree,’ from the equivalent Middle High German buoche, Old High German buohha; Anglo-Saxon bôc-treów, with the collateral form bêce (from boeciae), English beech. The form bôc has been preserved in English buckmast, buckwheat; compare Old Icelandic bók, Gothic *bôka, ‘beech.’ The name of the tree is derived from pre-Teutonic; according to Latin fâgus, ‘beech,’ and Greek φᾶγός, φηγός, its European form would be bhâgos. The Greek word signifies ‘edible oak.’ This difference between the Greek word on the one hand and the Teutonic-Latin on the other has been explained “by the change of vegetation, the succession of an oak and a beech period”; “the Teutons and the Italians witnessed the transition of the oak period to the beech period, and while the Greeks retained φηγός in its originally signification, the former transferred the name as a general term to the new forests which grew in their native wastes.” Compare Eiche. Buche is properly ‘the tree with edible fruit’ (compare Greek φαγεῖν, ‘to eat,’ and φηγός), and hence perhaps the difference of meaning in Greek may be explained from this general signification, so that the above hypothesis was not necessary.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Buchs

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Buchs. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Buchs, masculine, Buchsbaum, ‘box, box-tree,’ from the equivalent Middle High German and Old High German buhsboum; formed from Latin buxus, Greek πύξος; compare Italian bosso, French buis, English box.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Buckel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Buckel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Buckel (1.), masculine, ‘boss, stud,’ from Middle High German buckel, masculine, feminine, ‘boss of a shield’; from Old French bocle (whence French boucle, ‘buckle’), which is based on Latin buccula, ‘beaver of a helmet, boss.’
Buckel (2.), Puckel, masculine, ‘back, hump,’ from Middle High German buckel. The Swiss bukel (not *buχel) points to a primary form bugg- (see biegen, Bühel, Bügel), not directly to bücken, from biegen (root bug). Buckel is literally ‘a curve, bend.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Brühe

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Brühe. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Brühe, feminine, from the equivalent Middle High German brüeje, ‘broth, sauce.’ The root of the word must not he sought in brauen, which is based upon bru-; brü-je would be in Gothic brôja, Teutonic root brô, in Middle English brêie, Middle Dutch broeye. From the same stem Middle High German Brut has been formed, with a dental suffix. The weak verb is brühen, Middle High German ​brüejen, brüen, ‘to scald, singe, burn’; compare Dutch broeijen, ‘to warm, brood’; in earlier Modern High German, too, brühen signifies ‘to brood,’ In spite of the meaning, the connection with Bruch is, on phonetic grounds, improbable.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Brünne

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Brünne. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Brünne, feminine, recently borrowed from the equivalent Middle High German brünne (Old High German brunna), feminine, ‘breastplate’; compare Gothic brunjô (whence Old French brunie), Old Icelandic brynja, Anglo-Saxon byrne; not from brennen; the appellations ‘glowing, shining,’ scarcely suit the earlier leather breastplates. Old Irish bruinne, ‘breast,’ is more probably allied. From Teutonic are borrowed Old French broigne and Old Slovenian brŭnja, ‘coat of mail.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Bucht

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Bucht. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Bucht, feminine, ‘bay,’ first occurs in Modern High German, from Low German bucht; compare Dutch bogt, English bought (from Middle English boght), ‘a twist, bend,’ and English bight (from Anglo-Saxon byht); properly a verbal abstract from biegen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Brühl

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Brühl. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Brühl, masculine, ‘marshy copse,’ from Middle High German brüel, masculine, ‘low-land, marshy copse,’ Old High German bruil; from French breuil, Provençal bruelh, ‘thicket’; of Keltic origin (brogil).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Buch

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Buch. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Buch, neuter, ‘book, quire,’ from the equivalent Middle High German buoch, Old High German buoh, neuter. It differs in gender and declension in the various Old Teutonic dialects; Gothic bôka, feminine, and bôk, neuter, feminine, signify ‘letter (of the alphabet)’ in the singular, but ‘book, letter (epistle), document’ in the plural; akin to Old Saxon bôk, ‘book,’ Dutch boek, Anglo-Saxon bôk, feminine, equivalent to English book. The singular denoted originally, as in Gothic, the single character, the plural a combination of characters, ‘writing, type, book, letter’; compare Gothic afstassais bôkôs, ‘writing of divorcement’; wadjabôkôs, ‘bond, handwriting’; frabauhta bôka, ‘deed of sale.’ The plural was probably made into a singular at a later period, so that Modern High German Buch signified literally ‘letters (of the alphabet).’ The Old Teutonic word, which even on the adoption of Roman characters was not supplanted by a borrowed word (see Brief, made its way, like the word Buche, into Slavonic at an early period; compare Old Slovenian buky, ‘beech, written character’ (plural bukŭve, ‘book, epistle’). Buch was used in the earliest times for the runes scratched on the twigs of a fruit-tree (see reißen); hence it results from Tacitus (Germania, 10) that Buch (literally ‘letter’) is connected with Old High German buohha, ‘beech.’ The same conclusion follows from the German compound Buchstabe, which is based on an Old Teutonic word — Old High German buohstab, Old Saxon bôcstaf, Anglo-Saxon bôcstœf (but English and Dutch letter), Old Icelandic bókstafr. Undoubtedly the Germans instinctively connect Buchstabe with Buch and not with Buche. As far as the form is concerned, we are not compelled to accept either as the only correct and primitively Teutonic word; both are possible. Historical facts, however, lead us to regard Buchstabe as Buchenstab. With the term Buchenstab the early Germans intimately combined the idea of the rune scratched upon it, and constituting its chief value. Compare the following word and Rune.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/stet

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/stet | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ stet, adj., ‘fixed, stable, constant,’ from the equiv. MidHG. stæte, OHG. stâti, adj. (see the following word); a verbal adj. from the root sta in stehen (lit. ‘that which can stand'). To this is allied stets, adv., ‘steadily, constantly, always,’ from the equiv. MidHG. stætes, properly a gen. of the adj.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/sticken

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/sticken | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ sticken, vb., ‘to stitch, embroider,’ from MidHG. sticken, OHG. sticchen (from Teut. *stikjan), wk. vb., ‘to pierce, thrust, stitch, embroider.’ Originally a variant of stikan, ‘to pierce,’ from the root stik (see stechen, Stich); comp. E. to stitch, from AS. *sticcan, Du. stikken. — To this ersticken, ‘to choke, suffocate,’ from the equiv. MidHG. ersticken, OHG. irsticchen, is allied.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/stier

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/stier | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ stier, adj., ‘staring,’ ModHG. only; allied to starr.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/steil

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/steil | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ steil, adj., ‘steep,’ from the equiv. late the variants of which, steigel, OHG. steigal, prove the origin of steil (lit. ‘mounting’) from the cognates discussed under Steig. Comp. Du. steil, AS. stœ̂gl, stœ̂ger, ‘steep’; to these are allied OHG. stëcchal, stëhhal, MidHG. stëckel (stëchel), ‘steep,’ Bav., Alsat., MidHG., and LG. štickel, ‘steep’ (in the UpG. dialects steil seems to be entirely unknown).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/sterben

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/sterben | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ sterben, vb., ‘to die,’ from the equiv. MidHG. stërben, OHG. stërban, str. vb., corresponding to OSax. stërƀan, Du. sterven, AS. steorfan, ‘to die,’ E. to starve. In East Teut. this term is wanting (comp. the root discussed under tot). OIc., however, preserves a corresponding starf, n., ‘work, trouble, effort,’ to which starfa, ‘to take pains,’ and stjarfe, ‘tetanus, locked jaw,’ are allied. The parallel development of Gr. οἱ καμόντες, ‘the dead,’ from κάμνω, ‘to take pains,’ shows that we may assign, on the basis of the Scand. words, the primary meaning ‘to torment oneself’ to the West Teut. stërban. Unfortunately the early history of the Teut. root sterb is obscure. For the primit. Aryan root for ‘to die’ see under Mord.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/stetig

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/stetig | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ stetig, adj., ‘constant, continual,’ from MidHG. stætec (g), with the variant stæte (OHG. stâti), adj., ‘firm, constant, stable'; properly a verbal adj. of stehen. Comp. the preceding word.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/stemmen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/stemmen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ stemmen, vb., ‘to stem, check, oppose,’ from MidHG. and OHG. stęmmen (stęmen), ‘to check, restrain, cause to stand.’ For the root stam, see under stammeln, stumm, ungestüm.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/steppen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/steppen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ steppen, vb. ‘to quilt, stitch,’ from MidHG. stëppen, ‘to prick here and there, sew in rows, stitch’; an intensive form from the root of Stift.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/stieben

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/stieben | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ stieben, vb., ‘to fly as dust, scatter, disperse,’ from the equiv. MidHG. stieben, OHG. stiuban, str. vb. Allied to Du. stuiven, and the cognates of Staub; see the latter and stöbern.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/sticheln

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/sticheln | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ sticheln, vb., ‘to prick, stitch,’ is an intensive of stechen by association with Stich.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Inzicht

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Inzicht. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Inzicht, feminine, ‘accusation,’ from the equivalent Middle High German and Old High German inziht, feminine; an abstract of ziehen; compare also bezichtigen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Innung

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Innung. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Innung, feminine, ‘association,’ from late Middle High German innunge, feminine, ‘connection (with a corporate body), association, guild’; allied to Old High German innôn, ‘to receive (into an alliance), combine’; connected with inne.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Inschlitt

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Inschlitt. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Inschlitt, see Unschlitt.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Insel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Insel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Insel, feminine, ‘island,’ from the equivalent Middle High German insel, insele, feminine; formed from Latin and Romance insula (French île, Italian isola); even in Old High German a divergent form of the word, îsila, was borrowed. The Old Teutonic words for ‘island’ are Aue and Wert.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Irre

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Irre. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Irre, feminine, ‘mistaken course,’ from Middle High German irre, feminine (compare Gothic airzei, ‘mistaken course, ​leading astray’).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Infel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Infel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Infel, Inful, feminine, from the equivalent Middle High German infel, infele, feminine, ‘mitre of a bishop or abbot’; formed from Latin infula.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Ingwer

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Ingwer. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Ingwer, masculine, ‘ginger,’ from the equivalent Middle High German ingewër, also gingebere, masculine, derived, like Dutch gember, English ginger, French gingembre, Italian zenzovero, zenzero, ‘ginger,’ from the equivalent late Greek ἑιγγίβερις, which comes from the East; compare Arabic zendjebîl, from Prakrit singabêra (Sanscrit çṛñgavêra).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Insiegel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Insiegel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Insiegel, neuter, ‘seal,’ from the equivalent Middle High German insigel, insigele, Old High German insigili, neuter; corresponding to Anglo-Saxon insegele, Old Icelandic innsigle, with the same sense. See Siegel for the curious history of the cognates.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Imbiß

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Imbiß. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Imbiß, masculine, ‘lunch,’ from Middle High German and Old High German imbī̆ȥ, inbī̆ȥ, masculine and neuter, ‘food, meal,’ allied to Middle High German enbîȥen, Old High German inbîȥan, ‘to partake of food or drink, eat,’ allied to beißen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Imme

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Imme. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Imme, feminine, ‘bee,’ from Middle High German imbe (later imme), masculine, Old High German imbi, ‘swarm of bees’ (hence a collective term; the meaning ‘bee’ first occurs in late Middle High German). In Old High German records imbi bîanô denotes ‘swarm of bees’; compare Anglo-Saxon geogoð, ‘a youthful band,’ with English youth (see Bursche, Frauenzimmer, Stute), Yet it is questionable whether imbi has ever signified ‘swarm, herd’ (generally). Its direct connection with Biene (root bī̆) is certainly dubious; it is more probably related to Greek ἐμπίς, ‘mosquito, gnat.’