OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# American Medical Biographies/Althof, Hermann

​Althof, Hermann (1835–1877)
Hermann Althof was born the eighth of August, 1835, at Horn, in Lippe-Detmold, Germany, and died in New York January 14, 1877, of erysipelas. He was the youngest son of a school teacher in his native town.
In 1847 he accompanied his father on a visit to his elder brother, who had settled in New York City. After his return he began to study medicine, first in Wurzburg, later in Zurich, Vienna, Prague, and Berlin, where he received his diploma in the year 1857. Here Prof. A. von Graefe began to interest himself in the progress of his gifted pupil, with whom he tried to form a closer alliance by offering him a position as one of his assistants. Dr. Althof, however, left Berlin to continue his studies in Paris, where he studied ophthalmology under Desmarres, and afterwards practised in New York in 1858. Two years later he left the city again for Europe, spending part of a year in Wurzburg, with Prof. Muller, devoting himself to the study of pathological and microscopical anatomy, and part in Berlin with Graefe. After his return he devoted a large portion of his time to those public institutions to which he had become attached, the German Hospital and Dispensary, as well as the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary; in the latter he filled the place of executive surgeon for about eighteen months before his death. He was one of the founders of the Ophthalmological Society of New York and of the American Ophthalmological Society.
His contributions to Ophthalmological literature are all of importance. He published ​in "Graefe's Archiv," Bd. viii. Abthl. 1, Klinische Notizen on—
1. "Intraoculäre Blutungen."
2. "Auflagerungen auf die Lamina elastica anterior."
3. "Cancroid der Conjunctiva bulbi."
Further, a paper on "Canthoplasty: a Clinical Study," in the "Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society," vol. ii., part 2. Besides these, the transactions of the above-named societies contain a number of valuable communications relating to diseases of the eye. Among these a report of "Eight Cases of Subretinal Effusion," in all of which a spontaneous cure was observed.
Dr. Althof was esteemed by his colleagues for his extensive and well digested information; for his extraordinary powers of diagnosis, wonderful manual dexterity, and sound judgment; for his great, unselfish devotion to the duties of his profession.
# American Medical Biographies/Almon, William Johnston

​Almon, William Johnston (1816–1901)
William J. Almon was the son of Dr. William Bruce Almon. He was born at Halifax in 1816 and died there January 18, 1901.
At King's College, Windsor, Nova Scotia, he took his arts course, as his father had done before him, and after graduating as B. A. at King's, took his professional course at Edinburgh and Glasgow, graduating from the latter as M. D. in 1838.
He was a member of the Medical Society of Nova Scotia, and its president in 1855, 1856, and 1865. He began practice in Halifax about 1837 and succeeded his father as surgeon of the Provincial Poors' Asylum in 1840. He was elected one of the members to represent Halifax in the Dominion House of Commons in 1872, and was a member of the Dominion Senate from 1879 till his death.
Succeeding his father in 1840, he soon secured a large practice and high social standing. He was a strikingly handsome man, of commanding presence, of great vigor, much of which he retained even beyond his fourscore years, along with his head of abundant dark curly hair, even then but little streaked with gray. Antiquarian research and relics connected with notable persons and places always greatly interested him, and his home, "Rosebank," on the North West Arm, was a veritable museum of curios. Just a few specimens may be mentioned: a brass mortar captured from the Russians at the Redan the day after the death of the Nova Scotia heroes, Parker and Welsford; a St. Helena medal, such as were given to the survivors of the Napoleonic wars; a Louis XIV chair which had belonged to Governor Wentworth the last of the Royalist governors of New Hampshire; and a vast collection of old walking sticks, including one that had belonged to Major Andre whom Washington hanged as a British spy; and another, a malacca with gold head owned by Dr. Benjamin Rush. He had also quite a collection of original letters and autographs of distinguished people, such as letters of the poet Pope, Benedict Arnold, Isaac Watts, Benjamin Franklin, the Duke of Wellington, and autographs of Queen Anne, George II, and Lord North.
In 1840, Dr. Almon married Elizabeth, a daughter of Judge Ritchie, sister of Sir William Ritchie, chief justice of Canada. He had a family of six sons and five daughters.
His eldest son, Dr. William Almon, a graduate of Harvard, became a surgeon in the Confederate Army and died of fever in Virginia in 1862.
Another son, Dr. Thomas R. Almon, educated at King's College, Windsor, and at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, was associated in practice with his father, but died April 20, 1901, three months after him.
# American Steel Foundries v. Whitehead

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
256 U.S. 40
American Steel Foundries v. Whitehead
Argued: Jan. 12 and 13, 1921. ---
Mr. George L. Wilkinson, of Chicago, Ill., for petitioner.
Mr. Nathan Heard, of Boston, Mass., for Simplex Electric Heating Co.
Mr. Justice DAY delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# American Steel Wire Company v. Speed

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
192 U.S. 500
American Steel Wire Company v. Speed
Argued: January 11, 1904. --- Decided: February 23, 1904
Mr. Josiah Patterson and Messrs. Paterson, Neely, & Henderson, and Pam, Calhoun, & Glennon for plaintiff in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 501-505 intentionally omitted]
Messrs. Charles T. Cates, Jr., W. H. Carroll, and James M. Greer for defendant in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 505-508 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice White delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# American Sugar Refining Company of New York v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
211 U.S. 155
American Sugar Refining Company of New York v. United States
Argued: November 11, 1908. --- Decided: November 30, 1908
Messrs. John G. Johnson, Henry B. Closson, and John E. Parsons for appellant.
Mr. J. C. McReynolds for appellee.
[Argument of Counsel from page 156 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Chief Justice Fuller delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# American Steel Foundries v. Whitehead/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
256 U.S. 40
American Steel Foundries v. Whitehead
Argued: Jan. 12 and 13, 1921. ---
In this case a writ of certiorari was granted by this court on October 13, 1919, 250 U.S. 655, 40 Sup. Ct. 10, 63 L. Ed. 1192. The case involves an application for the registration of a trade-mark, which was refused by the Examiner in the Patent Office, which decision was affirmed by the Commissioner of Patents and his decision was affirmed by the Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia. 49 App. D. C. 16, 258 Fed. 160. This case is ruled by Nos. 139 and 113, just decided. Baldwin Co. v. Howard Co., 256 U.S. 35, 41 Sup. Ct. 405, 65 L. Ed. --. As the writ of certiorari in this case, for the reasons stated in the opinion in No. 139, was improvidently granted, it follows that the cause must be dismissed for want of jurisdiction; and it is
So ordered.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# American Stevedores v. Porello

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.

## Dissenting Opinion

    Frankfurter
United States Supreme Court
330 U.S. 446
American Stevedores v. Porello
Argued: Dec. 11, 12, 1946. --- Decided: March 10, 1947
Answer to Certified Question Conformed to May 22, 1947.
See 162 F.2d 32.
[Syllabus from pages 446-448 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Edward Ash, of New York City, for petitioner American stevedores.
Mr. Jacob Rassner, of New York City, for respondents Rosario Porello and Lauro.
Mr. J. Frank Staley, of Washington, D.C., for respondent the United states.
Mr. Justice REED delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Jux

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Jux. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Jux, masculine, ‘jest,’ Modern High German only; probably from Latin-Romance jocus (compare Italian giuoco), whence also English joke, Dutch jok.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Joch

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Joch. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Joch, neuter, ‘yoke, ridge of mountains,’ from the equivalent Middle High German joch. Old High German joh(hh), neuter, ‘yoke, ridge of mountains, acre’; corresponding to Gothic juk, neuter, ‘yoke of oxen,’ Old Icelandic ok, Anglo-Saxon geoc, English yoke, Dutch juk; a common Aryan word formed from the Aryan root yug, ‘to fasten’; compare Sanscrit yugá, ‘yoke, team’ (allied to the root yuj, ‘to put to’), Greek ζυγόν from ξεύγνυμ, Latin jugum, from jungere, Lithuanian jùngus, Old Slovenian igo (from *jŭgo); compare Jauchert. The strong root verb (Teutonic root juk) has become obsolete in the whole Teutonic root.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Joppe

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Joppe. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Joppe, feminine, ‘boddice,’ from Middle High German joppe (jope, juppe), feminine, ‘jacket’; borrowed, like Jacke, from Romance; compare French jupe, jupon, ‘skirt,’ Italian giuppa, giubba, ‘jacket, jerkin.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Juchert

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Juchert. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Juchert, see Jauchert. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Juks

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Juks. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Juks, see Jur.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Jauche

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Jauche. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Jauche, feminine, ‘filthy liquid, first occurs in early Modern High German, introduced into High German from a Middle German and Low German variant, jûche. It is based on a Slavonic word for ‘broth, soup,’ which deteriorated in sense when borrowed; e.g. Polish jucha, ‘broth’ (cognate with Latin jûs, Sanscrit yûšan, ‘broth’).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Jugend

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Jugend. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Jugend, ‘period of youth, young people,’ from the equivalent Middle High German jugent(d), Old High German jugund, feminine; corresponding to Old Saxon juguð, Dutch jeugd, Anglo-Saxon geogoð, feminine, ‘youth, young troop,’ English youth (see Bursche, Frauenzimmer, and Imme); the common Teutonic ​abstract of jung (in Gothic jenda, ‘youth); Teutonic jugunþi- represents pre-Teutonic yuwenti- (compare Brücke).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Jäger

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Jäger. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Jäger, ‘huntsman, sportsman,’ is the equivalent Middle High German jęger, jęgere, Old High German *jageri (jagâri).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Jauchert

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Jauchert. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Jauchert, Juchert, masculine, from the equivalent Middle High German jûchert, late Old High German juhhart (û?), neuter, ‘acre’; the Bavarian and Alemannian word for the Franconian and Middle German Morgen. The usual derivation from Latin jûgerum, ‘acre of land’ ​(properly 5/8 acre), does not offer a satisfactory explanation of the Old High German word, for the equivalent Middle High German jiuch, neuter and feminine, ‘acre of land,’ can only be cognate with Latin jûgernum, and not a mutilated form of the Latin original. Hence Middle High German jiuch, like Latin jûgerum, is doubtlessly connected with Modern High German Joch and Latin jugum; consequently Juchert is literally ‘as much land as can be ploughed by a yoke of oxen in a day’; the suffix of Old High German juhhart suggests that of Middle High German egerte, ‘fallow land.’ See Joch.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Jungfer

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Jungfer. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Modern High German Jungfer, feminine, ‘young girl, virgin, maid, maiden,’ is developed from Middle High German juncwrouwe, ‘noble maiden, young lady’ (thus, even in Middle High German, ver appears for the unaccented proclitic Frau). To this is allied Junker, masculine, ‘young nobleman, squire’ (properly ‘son of a duke or count’), from Middle High German junc-hē̆rre, ‘young lord, noble youth’; corresponding to Dutch jonker, jonkheer, whence English younker is borrowed.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/blach

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry blach. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ blach, adjective, ‘flat,’ from Middle High German blach; it is, like Swiss blacke, ‘a large board,’ related to flach.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/binden

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry binden. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ binden, verb, ‘to tie, bind,’ from Middle High German binden, Old High German bintan, corresponds to Old Saxon and Anglo-Saxon bindan, English to bind, Gothic bindan; the meaning does not change, hence it was the same in primitively Teutonic as in Modern High German and English. The pre-Teutonic form of the root must have been bhendh; compare the corresponding Sanscrit root bandh, ‘to chain, fasten’; Latin (with f for bh initially) offendimentum, ‘bond, cable’; Greek πεῖσμα for *πένθσμα, ‘bond,’ also ‘father-in-law,’ as well as Sanscrit bándhu, ‘a relative.’ In Teutonic numerous forms are derived by gradation from the same root (e.g. Band, English bond, bend). Italian benda, ‘bandage,’ bendare, ‘to bind up,’ are borrowed.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/binnen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry binnen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ binnen, preposition, ‘within,’ from Middle High German (Middle Low German and Middle Dutch) binnen; compare the corresponding Anglo-Saxon binnan, ‘within,’ from biinnan, with suppression of the i of bi, as in bange, barmherzig. See innen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/bis

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry bis. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ bis, conjunction, adverb, ‘until, as far as,’ from Middle High German biȥ (for which unze, unz most frequently occur); in Old High German it was perhaps biaȥ, i.e. bis is a compound of bĭ (see bei, Gothic bĭ) and aȥ (Old High German aȥ, ‘to,’ Gothic at, Latin ad); biaȥ became biȥ, ‘until’ Earlier Modern High German has a variant bitze, bitz, which likewise arose from an older bi and ze, ‘to.’ Similarly Modern High German unz is composed of unt (Gothic und) and ze. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/bin

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry bin. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ bin, see sein, verb.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/bislang

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry bislang. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ bislang, from the equivalent Middle High German bissolange, ‘so long, hitherto,’ for biȥ sô lange, ‘until so long.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/blank

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry blank. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ blank, adjective, ‘bright, drawn (of a sword),’ from the Middle High German blanc, Old High German blanch, ‘gleaming, white, resplendently beautiful.’ Compare English blank (‘white’), (Anglo-Saxon blanca, blonca, Old Icelandic blakkr, ‘white or grey horse’); related to Old Icelandic blakra, ‘to gleam’; formed by gradation from the root blek in Blitz (compare also blecken). The adjective made its way into Romance (Italian bianco, French blanc), whence Blankett with a Romance suffix; compare also blasen. The less frequent blink — a recent formation from the verb — is found as a parallel form to blank in Modern High German.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/birschen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry birschen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ birschen, verb, from the equivalent Middle High German birsen, ‘to chase with hounds, to shoot deer’; s after r became sch, as in Arsch, barsch, Dorsche, herrschen, Hirsch, Kirsche, Kürschner, wirsch; from Old French berser (Middle Latin bersare), ‘to pierce with an arrow.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/bitten

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry bitten. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ bitten, verb, ‘to beg, entreat, invite,’ from the equivalent Middle High German and Old High German bitten (from bitjan, bidjan); it is a strong verb of the class e—a—â—e. Compare Gothic bidjan, baþ, bêdum, bidans; Anglo-Saxon biddan; in English to bid, both bieten and bitten appear; English to beg, from Anglo-Saxon bedecian (Gothic *bidaqôn? compare Teutonic and Gothic *bidaqa, ‘beggar’). The strong verb belonged originally to the i class (Gothic bidja, *baiþ, *bidum, bidans might therefore be conjectured); a trace of this gradation is shown further by the factitive Gothic baidjan, Anglo-Saxon bœ̂dan, Old High German beiten, with the meaning ‘to order, demand, compel.’ The root bheidh, bhidh, accords with Greek πιθ (for φιθ, according to the well-known rule), πείθω, ‘to induce by entreaties, get by asking, persuade, convince’; to this belongs also Latin fîdo (equivalent to the Greek Mid. Voice πείθομαι), ‘to rely on a person.’ With this meaning an Old Teutonic bîdan, ‘to await, wait with full confidence’ (Gothic beidan, Old High German bîtan, Anglo-Saxon bîdan, English to bide), has been connected. The German noun Bitte is Old High German bita, most frequently bëta, Gothic bida. See beten, Gebet.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/bitter

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry bitter. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ bitter, adjective, ‘bitter,’ from the equivalent Middle High German bitter, Old High German bittar. This t, since it comes before r, represents the t common to the Teutonic cognates; before r the permutation of t to ȥ, tz does not take place (compare Eiter, lauter, zittern); Old Low German bittar, Anglo-Saxon bittor, biter, English and Dutch bitter; hence we should have expected Gothic *bĭtrs, for which a form with a remarkable ái, baitrs, ‘bitter,’ occurs. The word is undoubtedly cognate with beißen (root bit, infinitive bîtan); the adjective properly signifies ‘pricking, sharp,’ being now, like beißen, restricted to the taste. For other cognates compare beißen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Wimpel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Wimpel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Wimpel, m. and f., ‘pennon, flag, streamer,’ from MidHG. wimpel, f. and m., ‘banner, flag, naval ensign, kerchief,’ OHG. wimpal, ‘frontlet, veil.’ Allied to Fr. guimpe (OFr. guimple), ‘wimple, stomacher,’ Du. wimpel, AS. winpel, wimpel, E. wimple. The exact relation of these apparently compound words to one another is obscure, since the LG. dialects have mp coinciding with HG. (we should have expected mf in HG.). Since it is not yet known in which group it was borrowed, nothing definite can be said concerning its early history. The evolution in meaning is similar to that of Fahne.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Winde

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Winde | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Winde, f., ‘windlass, winch,’ from the equiv. MidHG. winde, OHG. winta, f. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Windhund

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Windhund | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Windhund, m., Windspiel, n., ‘greyhound, harrier,’ from the equiv. MidHG. wintbracke, wintspil; these compounds are tautological forms for MidHG. and OHG. wint, ‘greyhound.’ It is probably not connected with Wind, though the two words are instinctively associated. On account of the limited area of its diffusion, the prehistoric form cannot be discovered. Its kinship with Hund (Teut. hundo-, from hwundo-) is perhaps possible (Wind-, from hwindo-?); in that case the assonance with Wind must have caused the differentiation.