# Open access and the humanities/Index

Index
academic freedom, 32, 37–8, 60–1, 127
    Ad Hoc Committee on Fair Use and Academic Freedom, 94
    Education Reform Act of 1988, 60
    history of, 60–1
    international variance of, 60
    Statement of Principles on Academic Freedom and Tenure, 60
academics
    as brands, 52, 150
    as editors, 49, 52, 151
    as reviewers, 49, 148
    awareness of open access, 126
    copyright, relationship to, 18, 20
    freedom of. See academic freedom
    labour of, 48–9, 55, 63–4, 66, 115
    objections to open access, 30–4
    payments for publishing. See article processing charge (APC)
    remuneration of, 2, 18, 56–8, 62, 133
    support for open access, 24–5, 30
Ad Hoc Committee on Fair Use and Academic Freedom, 94
Adema, Janneke, 114, 122
agency theory, 64–5
Alonso, Carlos, 138 alternative metrics (altmetrics), 51
Amazon, 119, 126
American Association of University Professors, 60
Amherst, 39
ampliﬁcation, 19, 47, 52–3, 151
Amsterdam University Press, 40, 123, 134
Analysis of Variance between groups (ANOVA), 123
Arden Shakespeare. See Bloomsbury Academic
Arendt, Hannah, 26
art history, 97
article processing charge (APC), 9, 32, 38, 41–2, 58–61, 70–3, 76, 80–2, 84, 179–81
    academic freedom, relationship to, 60
    as transfer of ﬁnancial risk, 59
    for monographs, 130
    for Palgrave Macmillan, 59
    for Taylor & Francis, 59
    for Ubiquity Press, 60
    range, 59
    waivers, 59
Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC), 77
Arts and Humanities User Group, 108
arXiv, 61, 73–6, 83, 146
assembly (programming language), 92
Association of American Universities, 132
    ﬁrst-book subvention, 132
Association of Learned and Professional Society Publishers, 68
Association of Research Libraries, 13, 132
    ﬁrst-book subvention, 132
Athabasca University Press, 133
Australia, 81, 131
Australian National University, 39
Australian Research Council, 81, 102
AVA. See Bloomsbury Academic
Baraniuk, Richard, 133
Barnes and Noble, 119
Bauin, Serge, 81
Beall, Jeffrey, 41–2, 62
    Beall’s List, 41
Berg Publishers, 124, See Bloomsbury Academic
Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and the Humanities, 21, 80
​Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, 87
Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing, 21, 24
Bhaskar, Michael, 19
bibliometrics, 27
biomedical sciences, 100
Bird, Rebecca Bliege, 75
BIS Select Committee Inquiry into Open Access, 5, 32, 68
Bloomsbury Academic, 36, 134
    and open licensing, 36
    proﬁts of, 36
book processing charge. See article processing charge (APC)
books. See monographs
Bourdieu, Pierre, 45, 161
    Outline of a Theory of Practice, 45, 161
BPC. See article processing charge (APC)
Brazil, 81
Brill, 123, 134
Bristol Classical Press. See Bloomsbury Academic
British Academy, 7, 31, 69
British Medical Journal, 44
Budapest Open Access Initiative, 21, 24
business models
    article processing charge (APC). See article processing charge (APC)
    consortial, 61, 75, 134–5
    ﬁrst-book subvention, 132
    for open-access monographs, 130–7
    freemium, 39, 70, 82, 130, 133–4
    institutional subsidy, 132–3
    learned societies, 39
    print subsidy, 131–2
    subscriptions, 3, 14, 18–20, 25, 38, 41, 52, 67, 70
Cambridge University, 32, 132
Cambridge University Press, 37, 112, 134
Canada, 81, 133
Caribbean, 80
Cassell. See Bloomsbury Academic
Centre National de la Recherche Scientiﬁque, 81
charities, 23, 108
Chen, Yiyu, 80
China, 78–80
Chinese Academy of Sciences, 80
Churchill, Winston, 146
citation, 10, 21, 26, 28, 69, 93, 104, 123–4, 141, 149
    as derivative, 93
    half-lives, 69
classics (discipline), 125
codex, 114, 131, 146
Collins, Ellen, 113, 115
CommentPress, 145
commissioning editors, 36
Committee of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, 80
Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), 65, 150
commodity form, 4, 43, 62–3, 66–7, 84, 111, 119
communication studies, 94
comparative literature, 24
compiler (computer science), 92
computer science, 92, 94
contingent faculty, 56–7, 60
Continuum. See Bloomsbury Academic
Controlled Lots of Copies Keeps Stuff Safe (CLOCKSS), 126, 179
copyediting, 10, 65, 120
CopyLeft, 17, 34, 109
copyright, 2, 4, 12, 16–21, 33, 78, 86–97, 100, 103–6, 111, 119, 179
    Copyright Act of 1911, 86
    copyright assignment, 88
    Copyright, Designs and Patents Act of 1988, 87
    critique of natural rights stance, 103
    economic rights, 87–8
    history of, 18
    image licensing, 94
    moral rights, 87
    non-exclusive license to publish, 89
    Statute of Anne, 86
    term, 87
    transfer, 87
Copyright Clearance Center, 95
Copyright Licensing Agency (CLA), 95
Cornell University, 74
COUNTER, 65
Creative Commons licenses, 4, 12, 20, 36, 89–111, 179
    attribution (CC BY), 32–3, 89–90, 102, 105–6, 108, 110, 130
    attribution no-derivatives (CC BY-ND), 90, 95
    attribution non-commercial (CC BY-NC), 90, 108, 110
    attribution non-commercial no-derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND), 90
    attribution non-commercial share-alike (CC BY-NC-SA), 90
    attribution share-alike (CC BY-SA), 34, 89–90, 109
    BY clause, 90
    CC0, 90
    deﬁnitions of, 90–2
    incompatible modiﬁers, 90
    irrevocability, 92
    legal rulings on non-commercial clause, 108
    marketisation of higher education, 109–10
    plagiarism, 105
Crewe, Jennifer, 117
critical editions, 103
critical theory, 57
critical thinking, 99
critique, 23, 137–8
Crossick, Geoffrey, 129
cultural capital. See prestige
Culture Machine, 24
Darley, Rebecca, 69
data, 26, 33, 72, 77, 83, 94, 101, 119, 123, 129
database, 31, 90, 96
Davidson, Cathy N., 138
de Gruyter, 130, 134
Denmark, 82
Department of Health and Human Sciences, 83
di Lauro, Roberto, 82
digital humanities, 96, 101, 109
Digital Humanities Quarterly, 24
digital preservation, 11, 41, 65, 72, 126, 179
    CLOCKSS. See Controlled Lots of Copies Keeps Stuff Safe (CLOCKSS)
    LOCKSS. See Lots of Copies Keeps Stuff Safe (LOCKSS)
    Portico. See Portico
Digital Public Library of America (DPLA), 83
digital rights management (DRM), 65
Dingwall, Robert, 107
Directory of Open Access Journals, 9, 80–1
disciplinarity, 54
discoverability, 47, 51–2, 68, 101, 118–19, 123–4
    list as form of, 118–19
distribution, 11, 65, 69, 85, 88, 109, 111, 120, 132
Docherty, Thomas, 54
double dipping, 70–1, 77, 180
    mitigation by Taylor & Francis, 71
Duguid, Paul, 94
Duke University Press, 115, 134
early career researchers, 126, 140
economics, 4, 9, 11, 14, 16, 43–85, 130–7, 151
    article processing charge (APC). See article processing charge (APC)
    differentiated pricing for open access, 72
    free rider problem, 75
    monographs, 130–7
    peer review, 139–40
    zero price point. See zero price point
Edinburgh University Press, 134
edited collections, 41, 51, 113, 129, 148, 150
editing, as curation, 151
eLife, 101
Elsevier. See Reed Elsevier
embargo, 10, 68–9, 77, 81–3, 133, 180
Engelen, Jos, 82
epigraphs, 97
ePub (ﬁle format), 130, 132–3
European Research Council, 77
European Union (EU), 102
fact checking, 72
fair dealing. See fair use
fair use, 2, 86, 88, 93, 95–6, 100–1, 104, 110, 179
Fairchild Books. See Bloomsbury Academic
Ferwerda, Eelco, 122
ﬁlter failure, 143
ﬁltering, 19, 70, 116, 143, 150–1
Finch, Janet, 40. See also Finch Report
Finch Report, 5, 59
ﬁrst-book subvention, 132
Fisher, Richard, 112
Fitzpatrick, Kathleen, 99, 125, 133, 145–6
    Planned Obsolescence, 145
footnote, 28
Foucault, Michel, 100, 138
Foucault Studies, 24
framing, 19, 47, 151
France, 81–2
free culture, 12, 16, 21, 93, 103
free culture movement, 12, 16, 21
free software, 63, 92
Friedman, Milton, 36
funders. See research funders
galleries, libraries, archives and museums (GLAMS), 64
Gamut: Online Journal of the Music Theory Society of the Mid-Atlantic, 24
gatekeeper, 118, 139, 143
Gatti, Rupert, 131–2
​Ginsberg, Benjamin, 60
Ginsparg, Paul, 73, 146
Global Research Council (GRC), 77–8
global warming, 149
Gluejar, 135
GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL), 89
GNU Public License (GPL), 17, 20
Godwin’s law, 107
gold open access, 8–12, 20, 32, 43, 49, 59–61, 66, 69–73, 75–7, 80–4, 124, 127–8, 130, 135–6, 179–81
    and prestige, 50
    compared to green open access, 10
Google, 68, 100, 123–4
    Google Books, 123–4
Grafton, Anthony, 28
green open access, 10, 12, 30, 32, 43, 60, 67–9, 71, 73, 76–8, 80–4, 88, 125, 136, 180–1
    as digital preservation, 11
    compared to gold open access, 10
    embargo. See embargo
    evidence for subscription cancellations, 67–9
    publisher policies, 10
    typical researcher workﬂow for, 10
Gross, Michael A., 64
Guadamuz, Andrés, 109
Guédon, Jean-Claude, 24
Hall, Gary, 131–2, 140
Hall, Richard, 63
Harnad, Stevan, 2, 9, 79
Harvard University, 13, 20
Harvard University Press, 44
hate crime, 148
Health and Medical Research Council, 81
Hewitt, Ted, 81
high-energy physics, 23, 68–9, 73
Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE), 71, 113, 122–30
    monograph investigation, 129–30
    QR funding, 129
    Research Excellence Framework (REF). See Research Excellence Framework (REF)
Hill, John, 144
history (discipline), 32, 125, 129
Hitler, Adolf, 107
Hoeller, Keith, 57
Hogler, Raymond, 64
Holland. See Netherlands, the
Holmwood, John, 5, 32–3, 109–10
Horizon 2020, 102
humanities
    awareness of open access, 126
    formal involvement in the history of open access, 23–4
    research, purpose of. See under research
    scholar-led open-access projects, 24–5, 67
    slow humanities, 149
    value of, 28, 52, 54, 64, 108, 148–9
hybrid open access, 8, 39, 59, 73, 77–8, 180
HyperText Markup Language (HTML), 133
immigration, 148
independent researchers, 13, 29
India, 22, 80
Informa Group, 35, 128. See also Routledge; Taylor & Francis
proﬁts of, 35–6, 128
Institute for the Future of the Book, 145
institutional repository, 9–10, 41, 77–8, 81–3, 88, 180–1
InTech, 130
intellectual property. See copyright
International Association of Scientiﬁc, Technical & Medical Publishers, 109
international criminal law, 125
internet, 1–2, 25, 29, 55, 107, 115, 119, 135, 144, 149, 151, 180
intersubjectivity, 26
IOS Press B.V., 123
Italy, 82
Japan, 82
Jensen, Michael, 44
Jisc, 39
Jisc Collections, 89–90, 122
Johns, Adrian, 135
Jöttkandt, Sigi, 132
Journal of Ethics & Social Philosophy, 24
Journal of Neo-Victorian Studies, 24
Journal of Victorian Culture, 32
Joy, Eileen, 24
Jubb, Michael, 78–9
Kelty, Chris, 98
Kennison, Rebecca, 74
Kimmons, Royce, 3
KITLV Press, 123
​Knowledge Unlatched, 36, 61, 134–5
    participating presses, 135
Koninklijke Brill NV. See Brill
Koninklijke van Gorcum, 123
Lawson, Stuart, 59
learned societies, 38–40, 78, 125
    business models. See business models
    objections to open access, 38–40
    subscriptions, dependence upon, 39
    support for open access, 38–9
Lessig, Lawrence, 20, 103
libel, 88, 103, 107
liberal humanism, 53, 55, 64
librarians
    objections to open access, 41–2
library, 9, 14, 34, 38, 41–2, 59, 61, 68, 71, 75, 78, 80, 96, 114, 128, 132, 135
    future of, 41
Lincoln University, New Zealand, 81
Linguistic Society of America (LSA), 38
literary criticism, 26
literature (discipline), 125
live art, 26
Liverpool University Press, 40, 124, 134
Look, Hugh, 134–5
Lots of Copies Keeps Stuff Safe (LOCKSS), 11, 126, 179
Lu, Yongxiang, 80
Mac OS, 17
machine code, 92
Manchester University Press, 130, 135
mandates, 5, 7, 21, 23, 34, 60, 62, 73, 78–9, 81, 83–4, 102, 112, 124, 132, 136
Mandler, Peter, 32, 105
Marian, Michel, 81
marketing, 52, 65, 72, 117, 125
Marxism, 7, 41, 62–7
Masciandaro, Nicola, 24
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 38
Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), 33
McCarthyism, 42
McGann, Jerome, 25, 151
McGettigan, Andrew, 34
McPherson, Robert, 112
MediaCommons, 133
metadata, 9, 78, 133, 141, 179–80
Methuen Drama. See Bloomsbury Academic
Mexico, 81
micro-monopoly. See mini-monopoly
Microsoft Windows, 17
mini-monopoly, 14, 50, 61, 74
Ministry of Higher Education and Research, 81
Modern Language Association (MLA), 112
Möller, Erik, 108
Monash University Publishing, 131
monographs, 5, 15, 21, 40, 42, 44, 48, 50, 52, 58–9, 82, 111–38
    aggregation channels, 119
    barriers to entry, 120
    book processing charge (BPC), 130
    consortial model for, 134–5
    deﬁnition of, 113
    differences to journals, 120–1
    economic models for open access, 130–7
    freemium, 133–4
    green open access for, 125
    institutional subsidy of, 132–3
    investigations into open-access monographs, 121–30
    Knowledge Unlatched. See Knowledge Unlatched
    length, 115
    open licensing of, 119
    pricing, 116–17
    print as complement to digital, 114
    print run of, 15
    print subsidy, 131–2
    production costs of open-access version, 123
    production of, 117–19
    royalties, 58, 133
    trade crossover, 5, 116–17
    uses of, 114–17
Multics, 17
National Academies, 39
National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH), 83, 133
National Institute of Health, 82–3
National Institute of Informatics, 82
National Knowledge Commission, 80
National Repository of Open Access to Quality Scientiﬁc, Technological and Innovative Information Resources of Social and Cultural Interest, 81
Nature publishing group, 35
Nazism, 107
neoliberalism, 7, 23, 28, 34, 37, 45, 50, 54–6, 62, 109–10, 117
Netherlands, the, 82, 122
Netherlands National Organisation for Scientiﬁc Research, 82
​Networked Infrastructure for Nineteenth-Century Electronic Scholarship (NINES), 24
New York University Press, 146
New Zealand, 81
Newton, Hazel, 115
Neylon, Cameron, 7
ngram, 100
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 106
Nietzsche Source, 105
19: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Long Nineteenth Century, 24
nonrivalrous commodity exchange, 2, 15–16
Norberg, Lisa, 74
Nye, Joseph, 73
OAPEN-NL, 40, 122–4
    budget of, 123
OAPEN-UK, 40, 113, 122, 124–8, 137
    matched pairs, 124
    qualitative results, 125–8
    quantitative results, 125
object code, 92
open access
    academic objections to, 30–4
    academic support for, 24–5, 30
    apolitical approach to, 7
    BBB deﬁnition of, 21, 67, 89, 109
    beneﬁts of, 2, 78
    citation advantage, 28, 123
    commercial publishers’ objections to, 34–8
    deﬁnition of, 8
    differentiated pricing, 72
    economics of. See economics
    gold. See gold open access
    gratis, 11, 95, 111, 119, 180
    green open access. See green open access
    history of, 12–22
    hybrid open access. See hybrid open access
    international approach to, 5–6, 84
    learned societies’ objections to, 38–40
    learned societies’ support for, 38–9
    librarians’ objections to, 41–2
    libre, 11–12, 23, 111, 180
    mandates. See mandates
    objections to, 3, 5, 30–42
    open licensing. See open licensing
    politics of, 4, 6–7, 23, 33–4, 55, 67, 107–11
    prerequisites to, 2
    quality, perception of, 125, 137
    scientiﬁc origins, 4, 22–30
    transition to. See transition
    university presses’ objections to, 38–40
    unversity presses’ support for, 38–9
Open Access movement, 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 128
Open Access Publishing in European Networks (OAPEN), 82, 114, 122
Open Book Publishers (OBP), 131–2
    economic model of, 132
Open Humanities Press (OHP), 24, 132
Open Journal Systems, 21, 120
Open Library of Humanities, 61, 135
open licensing, 12, 36, 42, 62, 86–111, 119, 128
    academic objections to, 32–4
    beneﬁts of, 94–101
    copyright, relationship to, 86–7
    Creative Commons licenses. See Creative Commons licenses
objections to, 21, 32–4, 102–11
Open Monograph Press, 120
open source. See free software
OpenEdition, 71, 82, 133
    OpenEdition books, 133
Otago Polytechnic, 81
overlay journal, 146–50
Oxford University, 40, 57
Oxford University Press, 37, 40, 118, 124
    Oxford Scholarship Online, 118
Page, Amanda, 39
Palgrave Macmillan, 35, 59, 115, 124, 130, 146
    book processing charge (BPC), 59
    Pivot (form-length experiment), 115
paper-centrism, 131, 140
Pearson PLC, 33
peer review, 5, 10, 15, 29, 41, 44–5, 47, 49, 52, 65, 72, 74, 115, 118, 125, 127, 131, 137–49, 181
    academic labour cost per year, 127
    anonymity, 141–3, 145
    as economic force, 139–40
    double-blind method, 128, 138, 140, 143, 145
    experiments in, 142–6
    speed of, 148–50
Penn State University, 39
Pergamon Press, 128
Ph.D. candidates. See early career researchers
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 144
philosophy, 24
Philp, Mark, 100
Pinter, Frances, 36, 134
plagiarism, 28, 32, 86, 88, 104–5, 110
    deﬁnition of, 104
​PLOS ONE, 143–5, 147
    review criteria of, 143
Portable Document Format (PDF), 10, 131–3
Portico, 126
Portugal, 80
postcolonialism, 22
preservation, 11. See also digital preservation
prestige, 4, 14–15, 19, 38, 44–55, 71, 75, 84, 90, 125, 141
    accumulation of, 48–50, 55
    advantages of, 47
    and dissemination, 46–7
    and economics, 46
    as a proxy measure for quality, 44, 47–8, 50–2, 55, 57
    beneﬁts of, 50–1
    relationship to labour supply and job
    scarcity, 48–9, 51
    relationship to quality, 47
print-on-demand, 36, 116, 119, 132, 134
proofreading, 65, 120
public funding. See taxpayers
Public Knowledge Project, 120, 132
Public Library of Science (PLOS), 37, 59, 143–4, 147
    PLOS ONE. See PLOS ONE
publishers, 84, 114, 125
    as editors, 118
    commercial, 34–8
    copyright, relationship to, 19–21, 88, 111
    disintermediation of, 120
    predatory, 41
    proﬁts, advantages of, 36–7
    proﬁts of, 14, 19, 34, 50, 70
    remuneration of, 9–10, 19–20, 89, 111
publishing
    as a service, 61, 65, 72
    business models. See business models
    crises of, 4, 13–15, 112
    labour of, 2, 15, 19, 66, 72, 76, 88, 151
Publishing and the Ecology of European Research (PEER) project, 68
PubMed Central, 83
Punctum Books, 24
Purdue University, 132
    Purdue e-Pubs, 132
Purdue University Press, 132, 135
Rand, Ayn, 42
Readings, Bill, 54, 57
Reed Elsevier, 34, 128
    proﬁts of, 34
Regional Studies, 128
Regional Studies, Regional Science, 128
Regional Studies Association (RSA), 127–8
Registry of Open Access Repositories Mandatory Archiving Policies (ROARMAP), 79
research
    as dialectic, 27, 96
    as information, 27
    as reputation, 28, 44. See also prestige
    as veriﬁcation, 28
    changes to practice from open access, 28–30
    commodity form of, 43, 62–7
    exchange-value of, 56, 62, 64, 67
    originality of, 28
    purpose of, 25–30
    use of, 26–8
    use-value of, 64
Research Councils UK (RCUK), 78–9, 84, 102, 129
Research Excellence Framework (REF), 129
    history of, 129
    popularity with academics, 129
research funders, 3–6, 11, 21, 23, 56, 59, 73, 77, 80, 102, 114, 125, 151
Research Information Network (RIN), 78
Review of African Political Economy, 32
Reynolds, Daniel, 69
Rice University, 133
Routledge, 35, 124, 128. See also Informa Group
Royal Historical Society (RHS), 127
Royal Society, 144
Rutgers University Press, 135
Rutten, Paul, 114
SAGE, 59
SAGE Open, 59
    article processing charge, 59
Scholarly Kitchen, 41
SciELO, 80
Science Europe, 77, 80
SCOAP$^3$, 61, 74
Selwyn, Neil, 6
Semantics and Pragmatics, 38
serials crisis, 13–14
Sheridan, Alan, 100
SHERPA/RoMEO, 10, 180
Shirky, Clay, 143
    ﬁlter failure, 143
Simons Foundation, 74
​Small, Helen, 25, 108
Smith, Eric Alden, 75
Snijder, Ronald, 122
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC), 81
socially necessary labour time, 66
soft power, 73
software, 11–12, 17, 20–1, 63, 86, 92–3, 101, 120
source code, 17, 92–3
South Africa, 80
South America, 5, 81
Spain, 80
Spatial Economic Analysis, 128
Springer, 123, 130
Stallman, Richard M., 17–18, 20, 93, 103
Suber, Peter, 3, 14, 21, 24, 39, 48, 58, 67–8, 96, 137
subject repository, 77. See institutional repository
Supreme Court of the United States, 18
surplus value, 64–6
Sutton, Caroline, 39
Sweeney, David, 71
symbolic capital. See prestige
T&T Clark. See Bloomsbury Academic
taxpayers, 31, 82–3
Taylor & Francis, 35, 59, 70, 102, 128. See also Informa Group
    article processing charge (APC), 59
    double dipping policy, 71
Techne Press, 123
technological fetishism, 94
Temple University Press, 135
Territory, Politics, Governance, 128
text and data mining, 100–1, 109
Text Encoding Initiative (TEI), 106
Thakur, Neil, 82
Thatcher, Sandy, 99, 135
Thompson, John, 36, 117
Thomson Reuters, 80
tipping point, 7, 73
Tosi, Alessandra, 131
transition, 5, 61, 70, 76
    tipping point. See tipping point
translation, 98–100
    bad translation, 99–100
    professional translators, 100
transparency, 54–5, 77, 143
Two Cultures, 26
typesetting, 10, 22, 65, 72, 120
Ubiquity Press, 60
    book processing charge (BPC), 60
United Kingdom, 5, 9, 21, 32–4, 39–40, 57, 59–60, 68, 71, 77–9, 83–4, 86, 95, 102, 110, 113, 122, 124, 129, 131, 135, 137
United States of America, 18, 21, 57, 60, 82–3, 87, 95, 103, 133, 135, 143
    constitution of, 87, 103
university, 5, 8–9, 19, 22, 30, 33–4, 37–8, 40, 43, 52–4, 56–7, 60, 62, 64, 67, 99, 108, 110–11, 117, 132
    as instrument of social change, 53
    external perception of, 52–5
    isolation of, 53–5
University of Adelaide Press, 131
University of California Irvine, 132
University of California, Los Angeles, 132
University of Lincoln, UK, 9
University of Michigan, 132
University of Michigan Press, 39, 135
University of Montreal, 24
University of Pittsburgh, 133
University of Texas at Austin, 39
University of Waikato, 81
University of Wales Press, 40, 124
university presses, 35, 38–40
    as commercial publishers, 38
    objections to open access, 38–40
    support for open access, 38–9
University Publishing Online, 118
Unix, 17
Unsworth, John, 138
Vardi, Moshe Y., 133
Veletsianos, George, 3
version of record, 10, 68, 125, 150
Vincent, Nigel, 7
Wageningen Academic Publishers, 123
Walt Disney Company, 87
Wark, McKenzie, 145
    Gamer Theory, 145
Waters, Donald J., 126
Waterstones, 116, 119
Web 2.0 expo, 143
Weber, Samuel, 53
Wellcome Trust, 79, 102, 124, 130
Wendling, Amy, 63
Wickham, Chris, 7, 69
​Wikipedia, 29, 89, 98, 109
Wiley, 102
Willinsky, John, 12, 21, 98
Winn, Joss, 63, 66
Wise, Alicia, 34
Wissoker, Ken, 115
Withey, Lynne, 138
Wordsworth, Ann, 57
XML, 65, 106, 116, 119
zero price point, 65, 116–17
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