# Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute/Volume 10

TRANSACTIONS
AND
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE,
1877.
VOL. X.
EDITED AND PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE INSTITUTE,
By
JAMES HECTOR, C.M.G., M.D., F.R.S.
Issued May, 1878.
WELLINGTON: LYON AND BLAIR, PRINTERS, LAMBTON QUAY
TRUBNER & CO., 60, PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON.
PREFACE.
The Editor begs to acknowledge assistance afforded by the following gentlemen in revising their papers for this volume:—viz., Messrs. Carruthers, Higginson, Buller, Newman, Skey, and Travers. Most of the proofs of Mr. Kirk's papers were also corrected by him, while Mr. Stack corrected his map and genealogies, and Mr. Cockburn-Hood sent his paper in print with corrections marked thereon.
The paper on the Botany of New Zealand, by Mr. Kirk, which appears in the Appendix, was reserved by the author for completion, on receipt of certain works of reference, until too late for insertion in its proper place in the volume.
The thanks of the Board are due to Mr. Gore for the preparation of the usual Meteorological Abstracts in advance of the annual statistics, and to Mr. Buchanan, draftsman, and Mr. Deveril, of the photo-lithographic department, for their valuable assistance in the illustration of the volume; and to Mr. Earle, who, by permission of the Hon. the Colonial Secretary, was allowed to print the plates at the Government lithographic establishment.
Attention has to be drawn to the fact that, subsequent to the publication of Volume IX., a supplement to that volume was published in July, containing the Proceedings for that year, and an Appendix containing several important papers that had been held over.
ADDENDA ET COERIGENDA.
| PAGE |
| 9, | line 15, after question insert ; |
| 9, | line 16, for ice; read ice, |
| 12, | line 11 from bottom, for there read then. |
| 16, | line 8, for there read these. |
| 57, | line 16 from bottom, for Peta Te Hone read Pita Te Hori. |
| 57, | line 7 from bottom, for Mararoa read Maiharoa. |
| 57, | line 6 from bottom, for Natanawhira read Natanahira. |
| 69, | line 19 from bottom, for for read from. |
| 72, | line 9 (and elsewhere), for Kane read Kaue. |
| 75, | line 13, for Te Whai read Tetewhai. |
| 79, | line 17 from bottom, for Ngaitaka read Ngaitara. |
| 84, | line 13, for Te Kapuwai read Te Rapuwai. |
| 84, | line 16 from below, omit " |
| 86, | line 8 from below, for Browny read Browning's. |
| 88, | In quotation, for her involved, read him involved. |
| 91, | line 14 from bottom, for To read Io. |
| 105, | line 10, after settling insert on. |
| 116, | line 13 from bottom, for Le Maine read Le Maire. |
| 123, | line 3 from bottom (and elsewhere), for kumera read kumara. |
| 126, | line 17, after off insert to. |
| 129, | line 4, for Te Kuku read Te Koukou |
| 152, | line 3, for mohopatahi read mohopatatai. |
| 213, | In first footnote, for VII. read VI. |
CONTENTS.
TRANSACTIONS.
I.—Miscellaneous. :
| | | | PAGES |
| Art. | I. | New Zealand a Post-glacial Centre of Creation. By T. H. Cockburn-Hood, F.G.S. | 3–24 |
| | II. | On Mill's Fourth Fundamental Theorem respecting Capital. By John Carruthers, M. Inst. C.E. | 24–34 |
| | III. | Observations on the Evidences of recent Change in the Elevation of the Waikato District. By James Stewart, C.E. | 34–37 |
| | IV. | Address. By Professor Julius von Haast, Ph.D., F.R.S., President of the Philosophical Institute of Canterbury | 37–56 |
| | V. | Sketch of the Traditional History of the South Island Maoris. By the Rev. James W. Stack | 57–92 |
| | VI. | On the Influence of the Earth's Rotation on Rivers. By A. C. Baines | 92–96 |
| | VII. | On a peculiar Method of Arrow Propulsion as observed amongst the Maoris. By Coleman Phillips | 97–99 |
| | VIII. | On the Day in which Captain Cook took formal Possession of New Zealand. By W. Colenso, F.L.S. | 99–108 |
| | IX. | Manibus Parkinsonibus Sacrum: A brief Memoir of the First Artist who visited New Zealand; together with several little-known Items of Interest extracted from his Journal. By W. Colenso, F.L.S. | 108–134 |
| | X. | Notes, chiefly historical, on the ancient Dog of the New Zealanders. By W. Colenso, F.L.S. | 135–155 |
| | XI. | A System of Weights and Measures. By J. Carruthers, M. Inst. C.E. | 155–160 |
| | XII. | Notes on blowing up Snags in the Waikato River with Dynamite. By R. R. Hunt | 161–164 |
| | XIII. | Notes on the Firing of Torpedoes by Electricity. By J. A. Pond | 164–170 |
| | XIV. | Experiments on the Lifting-power of Inclined Planes in Aerial Transit. By Henry Skey | 170–173 |
| | XV. | Introduction of the Tension Wheel in Aerial Transit. By Henry Skey | 173–176 |
| | XVI. | Introduction of the Principle of the Gyroscope in Aerial Transit. By Henry Skey | 176–180 |
| | XVII. | On Floods in Lake Districts and Flooded Rivers in general, with Methods adopted for their Prevention and Control. By H. P. Higginson, M. Inst. C.E. | 180–189 |
| | XVIII. | On a means of selecting the most durable Timber. By John Buchanan | 190 |
| II.—Zoology. ||||
| | XIX. | Notes on the Ornithology of New Zealand. By Walter L. Buller, C.M.G., Sc.D., F.L.S. | 191–201 |
| | XX. | Further Notes on the Ornithology of New Zealand. By W. L. Buller. | 201–209 ​ |
| | XXI. | On the Disappearance of the Korimako (Anthornis melanura) from the North Island. By W. L. Buller | 209–211 |
| | XXII. | Further descriptive Notes of the Huia (Heteralocha acutirostris). By W. L. Buller | 211 |
| | XXIII. | On the Egg of the Huia (Heteralocha acutirostris). By W. L. Buller | 212 |
| | XXIV. | On the Species forming the Genus Ocydromus, a peculiar Group of brevi-pennate Rails. By W. L. Buller | 213–216 |
| | XXV. | Notice of the Occurrence of the Shy Albatros (Diomedea cauta) in the North Island. By W. L. Buller | 217–219 |
| | XXVI. | On the Addition of the Red-tailed Tropic Bird (Phæton rubricauda) to the Avifauna of New Zealand. By W. L. Buller | 219–220 |
| | XXVII. | Notice of a new Variety of Tuatara Lizard (Sphenodon) from East Cape Island. By W. L. Buller | 220–221 |
| | XXVIII. | Notes on the Physiology and Anatomy of the Tuatara (Sphenodon güntheri). By A. K. Newman, M.B., M.R.C.P. | 222–239 |
| | XXIX. | Disappearance of the small Birds of New Zealand. By D. C. Wilson | 239–242 |
| | XXX. | On two new Fishes. By F. E. Clarke | 243–246 |
| | XXXI. | Notes on Regalecus pacificus, a new Species of Ribbon-fish from the New Zealand Seas. By Julius von Haast, Ph.D., F.R.S. | 246–250 |
| | XXXII. | On the Habits of the New Zealand Grayling (Prototroctes oxyrhynchus). By J. Rutland | 250–252 |
| | XXXIII. | Supplementary Description of Species or Varieties of Chrysophani (Lepidoptera Rhopalocera) inhabiting New Zealand. By R. W. Fereday, C.M.E.S.L. | 252–259 |
| | XXXIV. | Description of new Genera and Species of Psychidæ. By R. W. Fereday | 260–263 |
| | XXXV. | On the Butterflies of New Zealand. By Arthur G. Butler, F.L.S., etc. Communicated by John D. Enys, F.G.S. | 263–276 |
| | XXXVI. | Notes on the Metamorphosis and Development of one of our large Butterflies (Danais berenice), or a closely-allied Species. By W. Colenso, F.L.S. | 276–280 |
| | XXXVII. | On a new Species of Trapdoor Spider from New Zealand. By the Rev. O. P. Cambridge, A.M., C.M.Z.S., Hon. Mem. N.Z. Inst. | 281–287 |
| | XXXVIII. | Second Note on the Maori Rat. By Professor F. W. Hutton | 288 |
| | XXXIX. | Notes on the New Zealand Myriopoda in the Otago Museum. By Professor F. W. Hutton | 288–293 |
| | XL. | Contributions to the Conchology of New Zealand. By Professor F. W. Hutton | 293–299 |
| | XLI. | Notes on a Marine Spider found at Cape Campbell. By C. H. Robson | 299–300 |
| | XLII. | Description of Trapdoor Spiders' Nests from California and firom Western Australia in the Christchurch Museum. By R. Gillies, F.L.S. | 301–306 |
| | XLIII. | Notes on some Changes in the Fauna of Otago. By R. Gillies | 306–324 |
| | XLIV. | The Dunedin Fish Supply. By P. Thomson | 324–330 |
| | XLV. | Notes on the Whales of the New Zealand Seas. By James Hector, C.M.G., M.D., F.R.S. | 331–343 |
| III.—Botany. ||||
| | XLVI. | On Grasses. By S. M. Curl, M.D. | 345–353 |
| | XLVII. | Notes on the Fertilization of Glossostigma. By T. F. Cheeseman, F.L.S. | 353–356 |
| | XLVIII. | Description of a new Species of Polypodium. By T. F. Cheeseman | 356–357 |
| | XLIX. | Note on a branched Nikau Tree. By S. Percy Smith | 357–358 |
| | L. | Notes on Ferns. By T. H. Potts | 358–362 ​ |
| | LI. | On the Naturalized Plants of Port Nicholson and the adjacent District. By T. Kirk, F.L.S. | 362–378 |
| | LII. | On the New Zealand Species of Phyllocladus. By T. Kirk | 373–383 |
| | LIII. | A revised Arrangement of the New Zealand Species of Dacrydium, with Descriptions of new Species. By T. Kirk | 383–391 |
| | LIV. | Notice of the Occurrence of a Variety of Zostera nana, Roth, in New Zealand. By T. Kirk | 392–393 |
| | LV. | Notice of the Occurrence of Juncus glaucus, L., in New Zealand. By T. Kirk | 393–394 |
| | LVI. | Description of a new Species of Hymenophyllum. By T. Kirk | 394 |
| | LVII. | On Hymenophyllum villosum, Colenso. By T. Kirk | 395–396 |
| | LVIII. | On Lindsaya viridis, Colenso. By T. Kirk | 396–398 |
| | LIX. | On Nephrodium decompositum, Br., and N. glabellum, A. Cunn. By T. Kirk | 398–400 |
| | LX. | On the Botany of the Bluff Hill. By T. Kirk | 400–406 |
| | LXI. | Contributions to the Botany of Otago. By T. Kirk | 406–417 |
| | LXII. | Notes on three dried Specimens of Matai (Podocarpus spicata). By T. Kirk | 417–418 |
| | LXIII. | Notice of the Discovery of Monoclea forsteri, Hook., in New Zealand. By T. Kirk | 418–419 |
| | LXIV. | Descriptions of New Plants. By T. Kirk | 419–421 |
| IV.—Chemistry. ||||
| | LXV. | On certain of the Mineral Waters of New Zealand. By William Skey, Analyst to the Geological Survey Department | 423–448 |
| | LXVI. | On the Result of an Examination of certain of our Manganese Ores for Cobalt. By William Skey | 448–449 |
| | LXVII. | On the Solubility of Calcic Carbonate in Solutions of the Alkaline Chlorides. By William Skey | 449–452 |
| | LXVIII. | On the Degree of Solubility of certain Earthy Carbonates in pure Water. By William Skey | 452–454 |
| | LXIX. | On the Presence of Nickel in the Auckland District. By J. A. Pond | 454–456 |
| | LXX. | Notes on a Deposit in the Shaft of the Pumping Association. By G. Black | 456–458 |
| V.—Geology. ||||
| | LXXI. | Remarks as to the Cause of the Warmer Climate which existed in high Northern Latitudes during former Geological Periods. By W. T. L. Travers, F.L.S. | 459–469 |
| | LXXII. | Further Remarks as to the Cause of the Warmer Climate which existed in high Northern Latitudes during former Geological Epochs. By W. T. L. Travers, F.L.S. | 470–474 |
| | LXXIII. | On the Formation of detached Shingle Beaches. By John Carruthers, M. Inst. C.E. | 475–477 |
| | LXXIV. | On Gold in the Wellington Provincial District. By J. C. Crawford, F.G.S. | 477–480 |
| | LXXV. | On the Occurrence of Gold in the Mackenzie Country, Canterbury. By Alexander McKay, of the Geological Survey Department | 481–484 |
| | LXXVI. | On the Belemnites found in New Zealand. By Dr. Hector, C.M.G., F.R.S., Director of the Geological Survey | 484–489 |
| | LXXVII. | Notes on some of the New Zealand Minerals belonging to the Otago Museum, Dunedin. By A. Liversidge, Professor in the University of Sydney. Communicated by Professor Hutton | 490–505 |
| | LXXVIII. | Analyses of a Rock Specimen from New Zealand, showing the Junction between Granite and Slate. By Archibald Liversidge, Professor of Geology and Mineralogy in the University of Sydney. Communicated by Professor Hutton | 505–506 ​ |
| NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE. ||||
| Ninth Annual Report of the Board of Governors | Ninth Annual Report of the Board of Governors | Ninth Annual Report of the Board of Governors | 509–510 |
| Museum | Museum | Museum | 511–515 |
| Laboratory | Laboratory | Laboratory | 515 |
| Accounts of the New Zealand Institute | Accounts of the New Zealand Institute | Accounts of the New Zealand Institute | 516 |
| PROCEEDINGS. ||||
| WELLINGTON PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY. ||||
| Address by the President, W. T. L. Travers, F.L.S. (abstract) | Address by the President, W. T. L. Travers, F.L.S. (abstract) | Address by the President, W. T. L. Travers, F.L.S. (abstract) | 519 |
| Notice regarding the Occurrence of the Tidal Wave of 11th May, 1877 (abstract). By J. F. Martin. Communicated by Capt. E. A. Edwin, R.N. | Notice regarding the Occurrence of the Tidal Wave of 11th May, 1877 (abstract). By J. F. Martin. Communicated by Capt. E. A. Edwin, R.N. | Notice regarding the Occurrence of the Tidal Wave of 11th May, 1877 (abstract). By J. F. Martin. Communicated by Capt. E. A. Edwin, R.N. | 520–522 |
| Notice of an Albino of the New Zealand Crow (Glaucopis wilsoni). By Dr. Hector, F.R.S. | Notice of an Albino of the New Zealand Crow (Glaucopis wilsoni). By Dr. Hector, F.R.S. | Notice of an Albino of the New Zealand Crow (Glaucopis wilsoni). By Dr. Hector, F.R.S. | 522 |
| On Black Mahi. By T. Kirk, F.L.S. | On Black Mahi. By T. Kirk, F.L.S. | On Black Mahi. By T. Kirk, F.L.S. | 522 |
| Notes on the Tidal Wave of 11th May, 1877. By W. T. L. Travers, F.L.S., President | Notes on the Tidal Wave of 11th May, 1877. By W. T. L. Travers, F.L.S., President | Notes on the Tidal Wave of 11th May, 1877. By W. T. L. Travers, F.L.S., President | 522 |
| On the Development of Azolla rubra. By Dr. Berggren, of Lund, Hon. Mem. N.Z. Inst. | On the Development of Azolla rubra. By Dr. Berggren, of Lund, Hon. Mem. N.Z. Inst. | On the Development of Azolla rubra. By Dr. Berggren, of Lund, Hon. Mem. N.Z. Inst. | 522 |
| On the Reciprocity of the Seasons with those of the Northern Hemisphere (abstract). By S. G. Rawson. Communicated by Captain Edwin | On the Reciprocity of the Seasons with those of the Northern Hemisphere (abstract). By S. G. Rawson. Communicated by Captain Edwin | On the Reciprocity of the Seasons with those of the Northern Hemisphere (abstract). By S. G. Rawson. Communicated by Captain Edwin | 523 |
| Some Remarks on the Plant called Prickly Comfrey (Symphytum asperrimum) (abstract). By J. C. Crawford, F.G.S. | Some Remarks on the Plant called Prickly Comfrey (Symphytum asperrimum) (abstract). By J. C. Crawford, F.G.S. | Some Remarks on the Plant called Prickly Comfrey (Symphytum asperrimum) (abstract). By J. C. Crawford, F.G.S. | 523–524 |
| Further Remarks upon Prickly Comfrey, with Description of Mode of storing it and other Forage Plants (abstract). By J. C. Crawford, F.G.S. | Further Remarks upon Prickly Comfrey, with Description of Mode of storing it and other Forage Plants (abstract). By J. C. Crawford, F.G.S. | Further Remarks upon Prickly Comfrey, with Description of Mode of storing it and other Forage Plants (abstract). By J. C. Crawford, F.G.S. | 528 |
| On the Improvement of Wellington Harbour in providing additional Wharf Accommodation (abstract). By J. C. Crawford, F.G.S. | On the Improvement of Wellington Harbour in providing additional Wharf Accommodation (abstract). By J. C. Crawford, F.G.S. | On the Improvement of Wellington Harbour in providing additional Wharf Accommodation (abstract). By J. C. Crawford, F.G.S. | 528–529 |
| On Nephrodium pentangularum. By T. Kirk, F.L.S. | On Nephrodium pentangularum. By T. Kirk, F.L.S. | On Nephrodium pentangularum. By T. Kirk, F.L.S. | 531 |
| On Hymenophyllum armstrongii, By T. Kirk | On Hymenophyllum armstrongii, By T. Kirk | On Hymenophyllum armstrongii, By T. Kirk | 532 |
| On the relative Ages of the Australian, Tasmanian, and New Zealand Coal-fields (abstract). By Dr. Hector, F.R.S. | On the relative Ages of the Australian, Tasmanian, and New Zealand Coal-fields (abstract). By Dr. Hector, F.R.S. | On the relative Ages of the Australian, Tasmanian, and New Zealand Coal-fields (abstract). By Dr. Hector, F.R.S. | 532–533 |
| On Regalecus gladius, and other additions to the Colonial Museum. By Dr. Hector | On Regalecus gladius, and other additions to the Colonial Museum. By Dr. Hector | On Regalecus gladius, and other additions to the Colonial Museum. By Dr. Hector | 533 |
| On the Mercurial Springs of the Bay of Islands (abstract). By Dr. Hector | On the Mercurial Springs of the Bay of Islands (abstract). By Dr. Hector | On the Mercurial Springs of the Bay of Islands (abstract). By Dr. Hector | 535 |
| Abstract Report of Council | Abstract Report of Council | Abstract Report of Council | 536 |
| Election of Officers for 1878 | Election of Officers for 1878 | Election of Officers for 1878 | 536 |
| On Paper Currency, being a Reply to a Paper by John Carruthers, M. Inst. C.E. (abstract). By J. Young | On Paper Currency, being a Reply to a Paper by John Carruthers, M. Inst. C.E. (abstract). By J. Young | On Paper Currency, being a Reply to a Paper by John Carruthers, M. Inst. C.E. (abstract). By J. Young | 536–538 |
| Anniversary Address of the President, W. T. L. Travers, F.L.S. | Anniversary Address of the President, W. T. L. Travers, F.L.S. | Anniversary Address of the President, W. T. L. Travers, F.L.S. | 539–544 |
| AUCKLAND INSTITUTE. ||||
| Anniversary Address of the President, R. C. Barstow | Anniversary Address of the President, R. C. Barstow | Anniversary Address of the President, R. C. Barstow | 545–550 |
| The Study of Statistics. By F. J. Moss | The Study of Statistics. By F. J. Moss | The Study of Statistics. By F. J. Moss | 550 |
| Descriptions of new Species of Coleoptera (abstract). By Capt. T. Broun | Descriptions of new Species of Coleoptera (abstract). By Capt. T. Broun | Descriptions of new Species of Coleoptera (abstract). By Capt. T. Broun | 550 |
| Notes on the recent Earthquake Wave, as observed at the Bay of Islands. By James Macfarlane | Notes on the recent Earthquake Wave, as observed at the Bay of Islands. By James Macfarlane | Notes on the recent Earthquake Wave, as observed at the Bay of Islands. By James Macfarlane | 551 |
| Notes on the Earthquake Wave as felt at Gisborne. By Captain Crisp, Harbourmaster | Notes on the Earthquake Wave as felt at Gisborne. By Captain Crisp, Harbourmaster | Notes on the Earthquake Wave as felt at Gisborne. By Captain Crisp, Harbourmaster | 551 |
| Description of a new Mollusk from Auckland Harbour. By T. F. Cheeseman, F.L.S. | Description of a new Mollusk from Auckland Harbour. By T. F. Cheeseman, F.L.S. | Description of a new Mollusk from Auckland Harbour. By T. F. Cheeseman, F.L.S. | 551 |
| Descriptions of new Species of Coleoptera (abstract). By Capt. T. Broun | Descriptions of new Species of Coleoptera (abstract). By Capt. T. Broun | Descriptions of new Species of Coleoptera (abstract). By Capt. T. Broun | 551 |
| Early Records of Auckland (abstract). By His Honour Mr. Justice Gillies | Early Records of Auckland (abstract). By His Honour Mr. Justice Gillies | Early Records of Auckland (abstract). By His Honour Mr. Justice Gillies | 552 ​ |
| Reason in the Lower Animals. By F. G. Ewington | Reason in the Lower Animals. By F. G. Ewington | Reason in the Lower Animals. By F. G. Ewington | 552 |
| Note on the Discovery of Moa Remains at Awitu (abstract). By A. Mactier | Note on the Discovery of Moa Remains at Awitu (abstract). By A. Mactier | Note on the Discovery of Moa Remains at Awitu (abstract). By A. Mactier | 552 |
| Descriptions of new species of Coleoptera (abstract). By Capt. T. Broun | Descriptions of new species of Coleoptera (abstract). By Capt. T. Broun | Descriptions of new species of Coleoptera (abstract). By Capt. T. Broun | 552 |
| Tewkesbury. By J. Adams, B.A. | Tewkesbury. By J. Adams, B.A. | Tewkesbury. By J. Adams, B.A. | 553 |
| Personal Reminiscences (abstract). By J. L. Campbell, M.D. | Personal Reminiscences (abstract). By J. L. Campbell, M.D. | Personal Reminiscences (abstract). By J. L. Campbell, M.D. | 553 |
| Descriptions of new species of Coleoptera (abstract). By Capt. T. Broun | Descriptions of new species of Coleoptera (abstract). By Capt. T. Broun | Descriptions of new species of Coleoptera (abstract). By Capt. T. Broun | 553 |
| Notes on the Aphodiadæ of New Zealand (abstract). By Capt. T. Broun | Notes on the Aphodiadæ of New Zealand (abstract). By Capt. T. Broun | Notes on the Aphodiadæ of New Zealand (abstract). By Capt. T. Broun | 553 |
| Descriptions of two new Mollusks from Auckland Harbour. By T. F. Cheeseman, F.L.S. | Descriptions of two new Mollusks from Auckland Harbour. By T. F. Cheeseman, F.L.S. | Descriptions of two new Mollusks from Auckland Harbour. By T. F. Cheeseman, F.L.S. | 553 |
| Technical Education. By J. C. Firth | Technical Education. By J. C. Firth | Technical Education. By J. C. Firth | 554 |
| On a Marine Plant called by the Maoris "Totaramoana." By Capt. G. Mair, F.L.S. | On a Marine Plant called by the Maoris "Totaramoana." By Capt. G. Mair, F.L.S. | On a Marine Plant called by the Maoris "Totaramoana." By Capt. G. Mair, F.L.S. | 554–555 |
| The Curculionidæ of New Zealand (abstract). By Capt. T. Broun | The Curculionidæ of New Zealand (abstract). By Capt. T. Broun | The Curculionidæ of New Zealand (abstract). By Capt. T. Broun | 555 |
| The New Zealand Heteromera (abstract). By Capt. T. Broun | The New Zealand Heteromera (abstract). By Capt. T. Broun | The New Zealand Heteromera (abstract). By Capt. T. Broun | 555 |
| Abstract of Annual Report | Abstract of Annual Report | Abstract of Annual Report | 555 |
| Election of Officers for 1878 | Election of Officers for 1878 | Election of Officers for 1878 | 555 |
| PHILOSOPHICAL INSTITUTE OF CANTERBURY. ||||
| On the Drainage of Christchurch. By H. Czerwonka | On the Drainage of Christchurch. By H. Czerwonka | On the Drainage of Christchurch. By H. Czerwonka | 556 |
| Election of Officers for 1878 | Election of Officers for 1878 | Election of Officers for 1878 | 557 |
| Abstract of Annual Report | Abstract of Annual Report | Abstract of Annual Report | 557 |
| OTAGO INSTITUTE. ||||
| The Earth a Cinder. By Professor Black | The Earth a Cinder. By Professor Black | The Earth a Cinder. By Professor Black | 559 |
| On Schivendener's Theory of the Nature of Lichens. By Prof. Hutton, F.G.S. | On Schivendener's Theory of the Nature of Lichens. By Prof. Hutton, F.G.S. | On Schivendener's Theory of the Nature of Lichens. By Prof. Hutton, F.G.S. | 559 |
| On a Fungus-penetrating Nostoc. By Prof. Hutton | On a Fungus-penetrating Nostoc. By Prof. Hutton | On a Fungus-penetrating Nostoc. By Prof. Hutton | 559 |
| On Mental Physics. By Prof. Macgregor | On Mental Physics. By Prof. Macgregor | On Mental Physics. By Prof. Macgregor | 559 |
| On the Hot Springs of New Zealand. By Dr Hocken | On the Hot Springs of New Zealand. By Dr Hocken | On the Hot Springs of New Zealand. By Dr Hocken | 560 |
| On Religion and the Drama. By Prof. Sale | On Religion and the Drama. By Prof. Sale | On Religion and the Drama. By Prof. Sale | 560 |
| On Eudyptes schlegeli, Finsch. By Prof. Hutton | On Eudyptes schlegeli, Finsch. By Prof. Hutton | On Eudyptes schlegeli, Finsch. By Prof. Hutton | 560 |
| On the Hand in different Animals. By Prof. Scott | On the Hand in different Animals. By Prof. Scott | On the Hand in different Animals. By Prof. Scott | 561 |
| Abstract of Annual Report | Abstract of Annual Report | Abstract of Annual Report | 561 |
| Election of Officers for 1878 | Election of Officers for 1878 | Election of Officers for 1878 | 562 |
| Address by the President, the Rt. Rev. Bishop Neville | Address by the President, the Rt. Rev. Bishop Neville | Address by the President, the Rt. Rev. Bishop Neville | 562–566 |
| HAWKE BAY PHILOSOPHICAL INSTITUTE. ||||
| Abstract of Annual Report | Abstract of Annual Report | Abstract of Annual Report | 567 |
| Election of Officers for 1877–8 | Election of Officers for 1877–8 | Election of Officers for 1877–8 | 567 |
| On two indigenous Productions—Manganese and Zostera marina—which might be made fair Articles of Export. By J. A. Smith | On two indigenous Productions—Manganese and Zostera marina—which might be made fair Articles of Export. By J. A. Smith | On two indigenous Productions—Manganese and Zostera marina—which might be made fair Articles of Export. By J. A. Smith | 568–569 |
| APPENDIX. ||||
| Meteorological Statistics of New Zealand, for 1877 | Meteorological Statistics of New Zealand, for 1877 | Meteorological Statistics of New Zealand, for 1877 | xxi–xxiii |
| Earthquakes reported in New Zealand, during 1877 | Earthquakes reported in New Zealand, during 1877 | Earthquakes reported in New Zealand, during 1877 | xxiii |
| Comparative Abstract for 1877, and previous Years | Comparative Abstract for 1877, and previous Years | Comparative Abstract for 1877, and previous Years | xxiv |
| Notes on the Weather during 1877 | Notes on the Weather during 1877 | Notes on the Weather during 1877 | xxv |
| Abstract of Meteorological Observations, taken at Delanasau, Bay of Islands, Bua, Fiji, for the Year ending 31st December, 1877. By R. L. Holmes, F.M.S. | Abstract of Meteorological Observations, taken at Delanasau, Bay of Islands, Bua, Fiji, for the Year ending 31st December, 1877. By R. L. Holmes, F.M.S. | Abstract of Meteorological Observations, taken at Delanasau, Bay of Islands, Bua, Fiji, for the Year ending 31st December, 1877. By R. L. Holmes, F.M.S. | xxvi–xxvii ​ |
| An Enumeration of recent Additions to the New Zealand Flora, with Critical and Geographical Notes. By T. Kirk, F.L.S. | An Enumeration of recent Additions to the New Zealand Flora, with Critical and Geographical Notes. By T. Kirk, F.L.S. | An Enumeration of recent Additions to the New Zealand Flora, with Critical and Geographical Notes. By T. Kirk, F.L.S. | xxviii–xlv |
| Honorary Members of the New Zealand Institute | Honorary Members of the New Zealand Institute | Honorary Members of the New Zealand Institute | xlvi |
| Ordinary Members | Ordinary Members | Ordinary Members | xlvi–lvii |
| List of Public Institutions and Individuals to whom this volume is presented | List of Public Institutions and Individuals to whom this volume is presented | List of Public Institutions and Individuals to whom this volume is presented | lviii–lx |
| Addenda et Corrigenda | Addenda et Corrigenda | Addenda et Corrigenda | iv |
| Contents | Contents | Contents | v–x |
| List of Plates | List of Plates | List of Plates | x |
| Board of Governors of the New Zealand Institute | Board of Governors of the New Zealand Institute | Board of Governors of the New Zealand Institute | xi |
| Abstract of Rules and Statutes of the New Zealand Institute | Abstract of Rules and Statutes of the New Zealand Institute | Abstract of Rules and Statutes of the New Zealand Institute | xi–xiii |
| List of Incorporated Societies | List of Incorporated Societies | List of Incorporated Societies | xiv–xvii |
| Officers of Incorporated Societies, and Extracts from the Rules | Officers of Incorporated Societies, and Extracts from the Rules | Officers of Incorporated Societies, and Extracts from the Rules | xiv–xvii |
LIST OF PLATES.
| | | TO FACE PAGE. |
| I. | v. Haast.—Rock Paintings | 52 |
| II. | Stack.—Map showing Maori Migrations and Genealogies | 88 |
| III. | Hunt.—Blowing up Snags with Dynamite | 162 |
| IV. | H. Skey.—Aerial Transit | 176 |
| V. | Buller.—Heads of Huia | 212 |
| VI. | Clarke.—Argyropelecus intermedius, Æhæonichthys appellii | 244 |
| VII. | v. Haast.—Regalecus pacificus | 248 |
| VIII. | Fereday.—New Zealand Chrysophani | 256 |
| IX. | {{{1}}}„ New Zealand Psychidæ | 260 |
| X. | Cambridge.—Nemesia gilliesii | 284 |
| XI. | Hutton.—Myriopoda | 292 |
| XII. | Butler.—New Zealand Butterflies | 272 |
| XIII. | R. Gillies.—Nests of Trapdoor Spiders | 304 |
| XIV. | Higginson.—Lake Wakatipu | 184 |
| XV. | Smith.—Branched Nikau Palm | 358 |
| XVI. | Hector.—Berardius arnuxii | 338 |
| XVII. | {{{1}}}„ Mesoplodon hectori | 340 |
| XVIII. | Kirk.—Dacrydium westlandicum | 386 |
| XIX. | {{{1}}}„ Dacrydium kirkii | 390 |
| XX. | {{{1}}}„ Dacrydium intermedium | 386 |
| XXI. | {{{1}}}„ Hymenophyllum armstrongii, H. montanum | 394 |
| XXII. | Hector.—New Zealand Belemnites | 486 |
| XXIII. | {{{1}}}„ do.do. | 488 |