# Primary Lessons in Swatow Grammar/Lesson XVI

Adjectives are constantly used as adverbs, e.g. chûn-mān, the boat is slow. chûn kiâⁿ-mān, the boat moves slow(ly).
A few common adverbs are subjoined.

## Perhaps—pa-lak, ho̍k, bô-tiāⁿ-tie̍h.
   ## pa-lak ũ-chûn hó-tah,

       perhaps there is a boat on which (you) may embark.

   ## m̄-chai pa-lak ũ-bé hó-khiâ,

       perhaps there is a horse on which you may ride.

   ## ho̍k-ũ-kiē hó-chõ,

       perhaps there is a sedan which you may take (lit. sit).

   ## ho̍k-chiá huang thàu bô-jie̍h-kú chiũ-kàu,

       perhaps the wind will blow, then in no time at all you will be there.

## Exceedingly, very—chì; ke̍k; sīm; chãi; nẽⁿ.
   ## ke̍k-tōa,

       extremely large; hó-chãi, very good.

   ## thiⁿ-sî sĩm-jua̍h,

       the weather is exceedingly hot.

   ## suaⁿ nẽⁿ sĩ-kûiⁿ-kûiⁿ,

       the mountain is, O, very high.

   ## hái-tói chhim-chãi,

       the sea is very deep.

   ## kan-khóu-chãi,

       very hard (to bear).

   ## oh-chãi,

       very difficult. chì-chhám-chãi, very severe.

## Nearly, almost—chha-m̄-to.
   ## hiám-chhái àiⁿ-ka-lau̍h,

       very nearly it was about to fall.

   ## hiám-hiám m̄-kìⁿ,

       almost lost sight of it.

   ## lím-lím àiⁿ-pua̍h,

       nearly about to fall, or, nearly ready to fall.

   ## chiang-kṳ̃n gō-sí,

       nearly starved to death.

   ## chua̍h-se-su õi-ji̍p-káng,

       just a little more and then could have entered the channel.

## Verily, truly,—sit-chãi; kúaⁿ-chin.
   ## úa si̍t-chãi kāng-lṳ́-tàⁿ,

       verily I say unto you.

   ## chí-kâi-sṳ̄ kúaⁿ-chin sĩ a-m̄-sĩ,

       this matter is it truly so or not?

   ## chin-chin si̍t-si̍t,

       veritably true.

   ## tùi-tùi,

       exactly.

## Seldom,—hán--tit,

    rarely had; hán-ũ, rarely have.

   ## chié-ũ,

       seldom have.

   ## hṳ́-kâi-kok chié-ũ,

       in that kingdom they rarely have (it so).

   ## sng-soh hán-ũ,

       ice and snow (they) seldom have.

   ## oh-chhūe,

       hard to find.

   ## khṳ̀ tî-kò chhūe,

       where will you go to find it?

## Often, constantly—sî-siêⁿ; siêⁿ-siêⁿ; lú-chhṳ̀.
   ## chōi-chōi-hûe pat-ji̍p,

       many times he has been in. ​

   ## kú-ũa-hûe pat-kàu,

       a number of times has been there.

   ## sie-sùa tàⁿ bô-hiah,

       talked on continuously without stopping.

## Again—chài; lêng-gūa.
   ## mài-chài-lài chí-kò,

       don’t again come here.

   ## tàⁿ-liáu chài-tàⁿ,

       he said it, and said it over again.

   ## thiah-tiāu lêng-gūa-khí,

       tear it down and build over again.

## Together—chò-pû; che̍k-chôi; tàng.
   ## tâng-chò che̍k-ē,

       together in one company.

   ## chò-pû tõ-hṳ́-kò,

       together at that place.

   ## tàng-lâi tàng-khṳ̀,

       come and go together.

   ## sie-kāng-ēng,

       use it together i.e. in common.

## Thus—àn-chièⁿ-seⁿ.

    like this; àn-hièⁿ-seⁿ, like that.

   ## àiⁿ-chièⁿ-seⁿ chiũ-hó,

       have it thus and it will do.

   ## o̍h i-kâi-ūe tàⁿ móng,

       móng, móng, he repeated his words saying thus and so and so (quotation).

## Only—toaⁿ-toaⁿ chí-che̍k-kâi, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ, '

    only this one exclusively.

   ## put-to̍k chí-kâi, iā-ũ pa̍t-kâi,

       not only this one but also another.

   ## m̄-khéng huân-iã-ũ,

       not only thus but more. to̍k-it, the only one.

## Hitherto—sù-lâi m̄-pat-thiaⁿ,

    hitherto I never heard it.

   ## phêng-sù i lâi-chí-bói,

       hitherto he has come here to buy.

   ## hiàng-lâi m̄-chêng-ũ,

       hitherto have not had (any).

## Suddenly—hut-jiên--kan,

    in an instant of time.

   ## huh-chē--kiè ia̍p-ia̍p-sih,

       all of a sudden it flashed.

   ## ma̍k nih chiũ-m̄-kìⁿ,

       in a twinkling and then it was not to be seen.

## Presently—sīm--chẽ-kiáⁿ, sīm ẽ-kiáⁿ, ùaⁿ--chē.
   ## chhiáⁿ-būe,

       not just yet. ùaⁿ--chē chiũ-chia̍h-pá, presently he will have eaten.

   ## tán--chē lãu-tia chiũ-chõ-tn̂g,

       presently the magistrate will take his seat.

## Exactly, certainly—tie̍h a-m̄-tie̍h,

    is it exactly so or not?

   ## chièⁿ-seⁿ chiũ-tie̍h,

       that’s it exactly. pit-tiāⁿ, certainly.

   ## chièⁿ-se- ìn-tap chiũ-tùi,

       that answer is exactly it.

## Moreover—hûan-iáu; hûan-liáu; lêng-gūa; siãng-chhiáⁿ; liáu.
   ## liáu i thiap ke-che̍k-kù,

       moreover he added another sentence.

## First &c— tõiⁿ-it; tõiⁿ-jī; tõiⁿ-saⁿ,

    1st; 2nd; 3rd.

   ## chò-thâu-ẽ,

       at first. thâu-che̍k-kiãⁿ, in the first place; first.

   ## thâu-chhái,

       first of all. thâu-chhṳ̀ jī-chhṳ̀, first place and second place.