OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Carpenter, John (d.1476)

1904 Errata appended.
​CARPENTER, JOHN (d. 1476), bishop of Worcester, born probably at Westbury-on-Trym, Gloucestershire, was educated at Oriel College, Oxford, and proceeded D.D. About 1420 he became master of St. Antony's Hospital and School in the city of London, and was granted on behalf of the hospital several royal manors, and in 1440 the benefice of St. Benet Fink. He became prebendary of Lincoln in 1426 and provost of Oriel College in 1428, holding the office conjointly with the mastership of St. Antony's Hospital. About 1436 he was rector of St. Mary Magdalen in Old Fish Street, London, and with great liberality repaired some almshouses belonging to the parish. In consideration of this generous act Carpenter's name ‘was to be inscribed on the altar in the church.’ He was chancellor of Oxford University in 1437. On 20 Dec. 1443 he was appointed bishop of Worcester by papal bull, in succession to Thomas Bourchier (1404?–1486) [q. v.], and was consecrated at Eton on 22 March 1443–4. Carpenter was throughout his life a munificent benefactor to the village of Westbury. He elaborately rebuilt and richly endowed the college of priests attached to the church there. William Canynges of Bristol [q. v.] became dean of the college in 1469. Carpenter resigned his see a few weeks before his death. He retired to Northwick, and died there in 1476. He was buried, as he had directed, in Westbury Church. Much of his property was left to establish exhibitions at Oriel College. He is said to have built the gatehouse at Hartlebury Castle, the official residence of the bishop of Worcester. Carpenter was the intimate friend, and was probably the kinsman, of John Carpenter, town clerk of London [q. v.], who bequeathed to him several books on his death in 1441.
[Godwin, De Præsul. (1743), p. 467; Le Neve's Fasti Eccl. Angl. iii. 61; Newcourt's Diocese of London, i. 285, 299, 471; Thomas Brewer's Life of John Carpenter, town clerk of London. The John Carpenter who, according to Boase's Oxf. Univ. Register (i. 16), proceeded B.A. 28 Jan. 1451–2, and M.A. 4 Dec. 1455, cannot be identical with the bishop.]
S. L. L.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.55 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 156 | ii | 5 | Carpenter, John (d. 1476): for Westbury read Westbury-on-Trym |
| | | 13 | before was appointed insert was made prebendary of Lincoln in 1426 and |
| | | 14 | for 1430 read 1428 |
| | | 28 | for town read village |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Carpenter, John (d.1621)

​CARPENTER, JOHN (d. 1621), divine, was born in Cornwall, it is believed at Launceston, and entered as a batler at Exeter College about 1570, but after a residence of four years left without taking a degree and became rector of Northleigh, near Honiton, in Devonshire. Here he continued throughout his life, and here he died in March ​1621, when he was buried in the chancel of his church. He was father of Nathanael Carpenter [q. v.] He wrote:
* ‘A Sorrowful Song for Sinful Souls, composed upon the Strange and Wonderful Shaking, 6 April 1580,’ London, 1580.
* ‘Remember Lot's Wife,’ two sermons, 1588, dedicated to Mary, wife of Bishop Woolton.
* ‘A Preparative to Contentation,’ 1597.
* ‘The Song of the Beloved concerning His Vineyard,’ 1599.
* ‘Contemplation for the Instruction of Children in the Christian Religion.’
* ‘Schelomonocham, or King Solomon, his solace,’ 1606.
* ‘The Plaine Man's Spiritual Plough,’ dedicated to Bishop Cotton.
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. (Bliss), ii. 287–8; Boase and Courtney's Bibl. Cornub. pp. 63, 1115; Arber's Stationers' Registers, iii. 193, 235.]
W. P. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Carpenter, James

​CARPENTER, JAMES (1760–1845), admiral, entered the navy in 1776 on board the Foudroyant, then commanded by Captain Jervis, afterwards Earl St. Vincent. ​From the Foudroyant he was sent in the following year to North America in the Diamond frigate, and from her was transferred to the Sultan, in which he was present in the action off Grenada, 6 July 1779. In 1780 he was for some time in the Sandwich, bearing Sir George Rodney's flag, and was appointed from her to the Intrepid as acting lieutenant, in which capacity he was present in the action off Martinique, 30 April 1781, and in that off the Capes of Virginia, 5 Sept. 1781. He was not confirmed in his rank till 18 April 1782. In 1793 he was appointed to the Boyne, flagship of Sir John Jervis in the West Indies, and was promoted by the admiral to the command of the Nautilus, 9 Jan. 1794. He was then employed on shore at the reduction of Martinique, and on 25 March 1794 was posted to the command of the Bienvenu, prize-frigate, from which he was moved in rapid succession to the Veteran of 64 guns and the Alarm of 32. He continued actively employed in the West Indies till the following year, when he returned to England. In 1799 he was appointed to the Leviathan of 74 guns, bearing Sir John Duckworth's flag in the Mediterranean and afterwards in the West Indies, whence he was compelled to invalid; and, taking a passage home in a merchant ship, he was captured by a French man-of-war and carried to Spain as a prisoner. He was, however, shortly afterwards exchanged through the exertions of Lord St. Vincent, and for a short time had command of the San Josef. From 1803 to 1810 he had charge of the Devonshire Sea Fencibles, and in 1811 went out to Newfoundland in the Antelope, again as flag-captain to Sir J. T. Duckworth. It was only for a year, for on 12 Aug. 1812 he became a rear-admiral. He had no further service, but was advanced in course of seniority to be vice-admiral on 12 Aug. 1819, and admiral on 10 Jan. 1837. He died on 16 March 1845.
[O'Byrne's Nav. Biog. Dict.; Marshall's Royal Nav. Biog. ii. (vol. i. pt. ii.) 528; Gent. Mag. (1845), cxxvi. ii. 79.]
J. K. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Carpenter, Margaret Sarah

​CARPENTER, MARGARET SARAH (1793–1872), portrait-painter, daughter of Captain Alexander Geddes, born at Salisbury in 1793, first studied art from Lord Radnor's collection at Longford Castle, and obtained a gold medal from the Society of Arts for the study of a boy's head. She went up to London in 1814 and established herself as a portrait-painter of much reputation. In 1817 she married William Hookham Carpenter [q. v.], keeper of prints and drawings in the British Museum, upon whose death in 1866 her majesty granted her a pension of 100l. per annum. She died in London 13 Nov. 1872. Between 1818 and 1866 she exhibited 147 pictures at the Royal Academy, fifty at the British Institution, and nineteen at the Society of British Artists. Her last work was the portrait of Dr. Whewell. Among her other portraits were those of Lord Kilcoursie (1812), Mr. Baring (1815), Lord de Tabley (1829), and Archbishop Sumner (1852). Her portraits of Fraser Tytler, John Gibson, and Bonington are in the National Portrait Gallery. In the South Kensington Museum she is represented by ‘Devotion—St. Francis’ (a life-size study of the head of Anthony Stewart, the miniature painter), ‘The Sisters’ (portraits of her two daughters), ‘Ockham Church’ (a sketch), and ‘An Old Woman spinning,’ and also by a water-colour study from nature. A sister of Mrs. Carpenter married W. Collins, R.A., and was the mother of Mr. Wilkie Collins.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists, 1878; Bryan's Dict. of Painters (Graves); Graves's Dict. of Artists; Catalogues of National Portrait Gallery and National Gallery at South Kensington Museum; Artists of Nineteenth Century; Art Journal, 1873.]
C. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cayley, Arthur

​CAYLEY, ARTHUR (d. 1848), biographer, was the son of Arthur Cayley, third son of Sir George Cayley, bart., of Brompton, Yorkshire, by his wife Anne Eleanor Shultz (Foster, Pedigrees of Yorkshire Families, ii.) He received his academical education at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1796 as fourth wrangler, but is said to have been refused a fellowship on account of his political opinions (Biog. Dict. of Living Authors, 1816, p. 59). When the ‘Anti-Jacobin Review’ was started in 1798, Cayley became an occasional contributor; he also attempted some satire in the manner of the ‘New Bath Guide.’ He subsequently took orders, and in 1814 was presented to the rectory of Normanby, Yorkshire. He died at York on 22 April 1848, aged 72 (Gent. Mag. 1848, xxx. 101). Cayley married Lucy, eldest daughter of his uncle, the Rev. Digby Cayley, rector of Thormanby. He was the author of: 1. ‘The Life of Sir Walter Ralegh, Knt.,’ 2 vols. 4to, London, 1805 (second edition, 2 vols. 8vo, London, 1806), a work not distinguished either for depth of research or grace of style. The same must be said of 2. ‘Memoirs of Sir Thomas More, with a new Translation of his Utopia, also his History of King Richard III, and his Latin Poems,’ 2 vols. 4to, London, 1808.
[Authorities as above.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cayley, Cornelius

​CAYLEY, CORNELIUS (1729–1780?), religious writer, was born in 1729 at Hull. At nineteen Lord Scarborough introduced him to a place at court as clerk in the treasury of the Prince of Wales. With a view to promotion he learnt foreign languages and practised music and dancing, and after a time made application to go as under-secretary to the ambassador to Paris; but superior interest procured the place for another. After this disappointment he attempted to indulge in the gaieties of London life; but a strongly religious temperament led him into other pursuits. He became acquainted with James Hervey, author of the ‘Meditations,’ and through him he visited the Tabernacle in Moorfields. There for a time he was in constant attendance, read religious books of the old puritan sort, and soon took to preaching about London. He printed a little treatise on ‘The Doctrine of Jesus Christ,’ for presentation. For a time he made his home in the house of Lady Cornelia Piers at Mill Hill, where he preached to very select company. His autumn vacations were usually spent in travelling through the country and preaching wherever opportunity offered. He still held his place at the treasury, until he was told that he must give up preaching, when he resigned his post to devote himself entirely to religious work. He then settled for a time at Norwich, which he left in 1761. While there, in 1756, he composed a Christmas anthem, which was frequently sung to a fine piece of cathedral music, and he published a letter in answer to Mr. Potter, a clergyman of Reymerston, who had printed a sermon against the methodists. In the autumn of 1772 Cayley started on a tour through Holland, Flanders, and France. He wrote an account of his travels on the way: it was printed in parts in the ‘Leeds Weekly Newspaper,’ and afterwards printed separately in a 12mo volume. On arriving at Dover he set off for his ‘little retirement near Leeds.’ There, in 1778, he published the third edition of his ‘Life’ (originally published at Norwich in 1757–8), with enlargements, but with little further account of himself after 1761. A portrait of ‘Cornelius Cayley, minister of the gospel,’ drawn by Swanfelder and engraved by I. Taylor, is prefixed to this third edition. The book has been reprinted four times in the present century, so recently as 1862 and again in 1863. Cayley also published: 1. ‘The Seraphical Young Shepherd and a Small Bunch of Violets,’ 1762, 2nd edit. 1769. 2. ‘The Amethyst; or some Beams of Eternal Light,’ 1763. 3. ‘The Day-Star of Glory rising in the Hearts of the Saints,’ 1769. 4. ‘The Olive Branch of Peace and the Shulamite: a poem,’ 1771. 5. ‘An Evangelical Dialogue,’ 1780, and various other small things. He also wrote largely on the ‘Mystery of the Two Adams,’ but the manuscript has not been traced, nor any further account of the author after 1780.
J. H. T.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ceallachan

Cellachán mac Buadacháin in the ODNB.
​CEALLACHAN (d. 954), king of Cashel, called in poetry C. coir, or the just, and c. cruaidh, or the hard, is the hero of several old popular tales of Munster. He was king of Cashel from 935 till his death in 954. He first appears in history as plundering Clonmacnoise in 935, and in 937 ravaged Meath in alliance with the Danes of Waterford. In 939 he ravaged Ossory and the Decies, but later in the same year was defeated by their tribes. Muircheartach, king of Ailech, invaded the south early in 941, and carried off Ceallachan as a hostage to Donegal, where he kept him for nine months, and then sent him to Donnchadh, king of Ireland, who set him free. In 942 Ceallachan defeated Cenneide, father of Brian Boroimhe, in the battle of Maghduin, and ever after ruled in comparative quiet till his death from natural causes in 954. Ceallachan was chief of the great tribe called the Eoghanacht, and is the ancestor of many families once powerful in the south of Ireland. The O'Ceallachans or O'Callaghans of the south take their name from the great-grandson of his son Donnchadh, and the last chief in direct line of the chief branch of his race is believed to have been Donnchadh (or Denis) O'Callaghan of Glinn, who died in 1760, having married his cousin Mary O'Callaghan in 1745, and left one daughter of the same name. Cornelius, her kinsman, though in what degree is not known, was in 1785 created Baron Lismore in the peerage of Ireland.
[Chronicon Scotorum (Rolls Series), p. 201; Tracts relating to Ireland (Irish Archæolog. Soc. 1841), pp. 43, &c.; Annala Rioghachta Eireann, vol. ii.; genealogical manuscripts of the late B. C. Fisher.]
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cawston, Michael de

​CAWSTON or CAUSTON, MICHAEL de (d. 1395), master of Michaelhouse, Cambridge, was a Norfolk man (Carter, History of Cambridge, i. 403), presumably a native of the village of Cawston, about twelve miles north-west of Norwich. He became fellow of Pembroke College, Cambridge (Le Keux, Memorials of Cambridge, i. 56, ed. C. H. Cooper), doctor of divinity, and master of Michaelhouse. His appointment as master was apparently made subsequently to 1359, when William of Gotham is mentioned as holding that office (Carter, p. 303). In 1361 (or 1362, as Le Neve gives the date, Fasti, iii. 598, ed. Hardy) Cawston was chancellor of his university. He is famous as one of its benefactors; and it was enacted by the ancient statutes ‘that each year for ever in the three general processions a special recommendation should be made of [his] soul’ (Anc. Stat. 172, James Heywood's Collection of Statutes for Cambridge, p. 175). Cawston's munificence is also said to have extended to all the colleges that subsisted at his time in the university, his gifts to their libraries being specially commemorated. A note in one of the volumes presented by him to Peterhouse describes him as holding, besides his Cambridge office, the preferment of dean of Chichester (Carter, p. 38). His name does not occur in Le Neve's list (ubi supra, i. 256); but here there is a gap of a number of years between the elevation of Dean Richard le Scrope to the bishopric of Chichester in 1383 and the next name in the series, that of John de Maydenhith, who emerges in 1400. It is natural then to place Cawston in this interval. He died in 1395 (according to Peacock, Observations on the Statutes of Cambridge, appendix, p. xvi, note; and Cooper, Annals of Cambridge, i. 142), for the date 1396 (given in Cooper;s edition of Le Keux, l.c.) is apparently a misprint.
[Authorities mentioned above.]
R. L. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cawthorn, James

​CAWTHORN, JAMES (1719–1761), poet, born 4 Nov. 1719, at Sheffield, was a son of Thomas Cawthorn, upholsterer (Gent. Mag. vol. lxi. pt. ii. p. 1081). The boy was first sent to the Sheffield grammar school, where he displayed some literary talent by trying to establish a periodical, ‘The Tea-Table.’ He was removed to the grammar school of Kirkby Lonsdale in 1735; he in 1736 became assistant-teacher at Rotherham school, and published the ‘Perjured Lovers,’ at Sheffield (ib.), and a ‘Meditation’ soon afterwards in the ‘Gentleman's Magazine,’ v. 549. On 8 July 1738 he matriculated at Clare Hall, Cambridge, but did not reside, and became assistant to a schoolmaster in Soho Square. About 1743 he married Mary, this schoolmaster's daughter; was ordained and was elected head-master of Tonbridge grammar school. In 1746 he published ‘Abelard and Heloise’ in the ‘Poetical Calendar;’ in 1748 he published a sermon, on the title-page of which he describes himself as M.A. He established a library in his school and wrote ‘Annual Visitation Poems,’ and other trifles. On 15 April 1761 he was thrown from his horse and killed.
Cawthorn was buried in Tonbridge church, where a marble slab with a Latin epitaph was put up for him, and verses were printed to his memory by Lord Eardley in the ‘Gentleman's Magazine,’ xxxi. 232. His poems ​were not collected till 1771, when they were published by subscription, 4to.
Cawthorn was included among ‘English Poets’ in Johnson's edition, though not till 1790 (vol. lxv.); in Park's ‘British Poets,’ 1808 (vol. iv.); in Platt's ‘Cabinet of Poetry,’ same year (vol. v.); in Sanford's ‘British Poets,’ 1819 (vol. xxiv.); in the Chiswick ed. 1822 (vol. lx.); in Chalmers's ed. (vol. xiv.); in Anderson's, and others; while his ‘Abelard and Heloise’ was also separately collected, with Pope's ‘Epistle,’ twice at least, viz. in 1805 and 1818.
[Gent. Mag. 1791, vol. lxi. pt. ii. pp. 1081–3 (where is a list of the scholars who recited the Visitation Poems), vol. lxii. pt. i. p. 68; Chalmers's English Poets, xiv. 229; Monthly Review, xlv. 1–5, 9, 336.]
J. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cay, John

​CAY, JOHN (1700–1757), editor of the ‘Statutes,’ third son of John Cay of North Charlton, Northumberland, by Grace, daughter and coheiress of Henry Wolff of Bridlington, Yorkshire, was born in 1700 (Burke, Landed Gentry, 1868, p. 225). Intended for the legal profession he was entered at Gray's Inn on 3 Sept. 1719, called to the bar by that society on 20 June 1724, and subsequently made a bencher (Gray's Inn Admission Register). In 1750 he was appointed steward and one of the judges of the Marshalsea (Gent. Mag. xx. 429). Cay, as a classical antiquary, was admitted in August 1736 to the Society of Antiquaries. Together with his brother Robert, a merchant at Newcastle​upon-Tyne, who died on 22 April 1754 (Gent. Mag. xxiv. 243), he was the friend and correspondent of John Horsley, and upon Horsley's death in January 1732, the brothers were indefatigable in their endeavours to promote the sale and collect the proceeds of the ‘Britannia Romana’ for Mrs. Horsley's benefit (Stukeley, Diaries and Letters, Surtees Soc. ii. 143 n.) Cay died at his house in Essex Street, Strand, on 11 April 1757 (Gent. Mag. xxvii. 189; Will reg. in P. C. C. 114, Herring). By his wife Sarah, daughter of Henry Boult of Gray's Inn and Reading, he left a son, Henry, and two daughters. The year following his death there appeared ‘The Statutes at Large, from Magna Charta to the 30th Geo. II,’ 6 vols. folio, London, 1758. This edition, which has been justly praised for its learning and accuracy, was continued by Owen Ruffhead to 13 Geo. III, 3 vols. folio, London, 1769–73. Cay had previously published ‘Abridgment of the Publick Statutes, in force and use, from Magna Charta to the 11th Geo. II,’ 2 vols. folio, London, 1739, which was continued by supplements by his son, Henry Boult Cay. In 1762 a second edition in two volumes was published, and in 1766 a supplemental volume, containing the statutes from 11 Geo. II to 1 Geo. III. Cay's ‘Abridgment’ used to be continued by the abstracts of acts to 35 Geo. III, after which period they were not printed.
Henry Boult Cay, who completed his father's labours, was educated at Clare College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1752 as second wrangler, and obtained a fellowship, which he vacated by his marriage, in August 1770, to Miss Stawel Piggot of Bassingbourn, Cambridgeshire. Called to the bar at the Middle Temple, he afterwards filled several minor legal offices, and died at his residence in Cursitor Street on 24 Jan. 1795, leaving two daughters (Gent. Mag. xl. 392, lxv. i. 171, lxvi. i. 166.
[Manuscript note by H. B. Cay in J. Cay's annotated copy of Rolle's Abridgment in Brit. Mus.; Burke's Commoners, i. 384–5; Hodgson's Northumberland, pt. ii. vol. ii. 442; Hutchinson's Northumberland, i. 148–9, 173, 199; Marvin's Legal Bibliography, p. 180.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cayley, Charles Bagot

​CAYLEY, CHARLES BAGOT (1823–1883), translator, son of Henry Cayley, a Russia merchant, and younger brother of Arthur Cayley, Sadleirian professor at Cambridge, was born on 9 July 1823 in the neighbourhood of St. Petersburg. He was educated at Mr. Pollecary's school, Blackheath, King's College, London, and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1845, taking a second class in the classical tripos. He led the quiet and unpretentious life of a scholar, passed much of his time in the reading-room of the British Museum, and died suddenly of heart disease in the night of 5–6 Dec. 1883 at his lodgings in South Crescent, Bedford Square. He was buried at Hastings. His works are: 1. ‘Dante's Divine Comedy. Translated in the original ternary rhyme,’ 3 vols. Lond. 1851–4, 8vo, with a fourth vol. of notes, 1855. Mr. W. M. Rossetti remarks that ‘when all imperfections have been allowed for, Cayley's version must be pronounced to be very considerably the best and most thorough rendering into English of the “Commedia,” the one which, attempting most and aiming highest, reaches also furthest.’ 2. ‘Psyche's Interludes,’ a small volume of poems, Lond. 1857, 8vo. 3. ‘The Psalms in Metre,’ Lond. 1860, 8vo. 4. ‘Filippo Malincontri, or Student Life in Venetia. An autobiography,’ translated from the Italian, 2 vols. Lond. 1861, 8vo. 5. ‘Introduction to the Grammar of the Romance Languages, by Friedrich Diez,’ translated, Lond. 1863, 8vo. 6. ‘The Prometheus Bound of Æschylus. Translated in the original metres,’ Lond. 1867, 8vo. 7. ‘History of ​Political and Religious Persecutions,’ 2 vols. Lond. 1876, 8vo, conjointly with Fernando Garrido. 8. ‘The Iliad of Homer, Homometrically translated,’ Lond. 1877, 8vo. 9. ‘The Sonnets and Stanzas of Petrarch,’ translated, Lond. 1879, 8vo.
[Dr. J. A. H. Murray's Address to the Philological Society, 16 May 1884; Times, 10 Dec. 1883; Athenæum, 1883, ii. 776, 817; Academy, 1883, ii. 397; Cat. of Printed Books in Brit. Mus.; Graduati Cantab. (1884), 96.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bald, Alexander

​BALD, ALEXANDER (1783–1859), poetical writer, was born at Alloa, 9 June 1783. His father was for a long time engaged in superintending coal works in the neighbourhood, and was the author of the 'Corn Dealer's Assistant,' for many years an indispensable book for tenant-farmers in Scotland. A brother, Robert, attained some eminence as an engineer. Alexander was from an early age trained for commerce, and for more than fifty years conducted business at Alloa as a timber-merchant and brick-manufacturer. Throughout his life he devoted much of his leisure to literature, and was the friend and patron of many literary men in Scotland. He was among the first to acknowledge the merits of the poems of James Hogg, the Ettrick Shepherd, and paid him a visit many years before he had obtained general recognition as a poet. He established a Shakespeare Association in his native town, and at its annual celebrations secured the presence of eminent men of letters. To the 'Scots Magazine,' at the beginning of this century, Bald was a regular poetical contributor; but his poems show a very thin vein of poetical sentiment. One of them, 'The Lily of the Vale,' has been erroneously attributed to Allan Ramsay. Bald died at the age of 76, at Alloa, in 1859.
S. L. L.