OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bewick, Jane

​BEWICK, JANE (1787–1881), eldest daughter and child of Thomas Bewick by his wife Isabella, was born on 29 April 1787, and died 7 April 1881. Miss Bewick's chief claim to recollection is her lifelong veneration for her father's memory, and her store of anecdote respecting his work and ways. In 1862 she edited and issued 'A Memoir of Thomas Bewick, written by Himself. Embellished by numerous wood engravings, designed and engraved by the author for a work on British Fishes, and never before published.' This memoir, prepared at her request in 1822-8, must always be the standard authority for Bewick's personal history, and it ranks highly as a frank, manly, and characteristic piece of autobiography. It gives, however, but a meagre account of his method and technique. Another sister, Isabella, survived Jane ​Bewick until 1883, dying in the old house, now 19 West Street, Gateshead, where her father, mother, brother, and sisters had died before her. In 1882 Miss Isabella Bewick anticipated a bequest, agreed upon with her sister Jane, and gave to the British Museum a choice collection of water-colours and woodcuts by her father, his brother John, and his son, some of which had been exhibited in London in November and December 1880. Since her death her executors have also presented several valuable portraits, drawings, prints, and other Bewick relics to the Newcastle Natural History Society's Museum.
[See authorities under Thomas Bewick.]
A. D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Beverley, Charles James

​BEVERLEY, CHARLES JAMES (1788–1868), naturalist, the son of a soldier, was born in August 1788 at Fort Augustus in the highlands of Scotland, where his father's regiment was then quartered. Of his early education we have no trustworthy information, beyond the fact of his having been apprenticed to a surgeon, and having entered the navy as assistant surgeon in 1810. Beverley was employed in that capacity during four years on the Baltic and Mediterranean stations, but chiefly on the latter. He was frequently sent in boats on cutting-out expeditions, and was present at the capture of Porto d'Anzo in 1813. He displayed much bravery in these expeditions, and exhibited at all times considerable mental activity. He was placed on Lord Exmouth's list for promotion, but, his health failing him, he was sent home from the fleet in charge of the sick and wounded. On recovering he was appointed to H.M.S. Tiber, and served in that ship until 1818, when, upon strong recommendation, he was selected by the admiralty to be assistant surgeon in the Isabella, about to proceed under the command of Sir John Ross to the Polar regions. In 1819-20 he served under Sir Edward Parry in his first ​expedition, and passed the winter on Melville Island. On his return from the Arctic Sea, being highly commended for his skill and care in his attendance on the sick, Beverley was promoted to the rank of full surgeon, and in May 1821 he was elected a fellow of the Roval Society. On his return to England he suffered severely from ophthalmia, but quite unexpectedly, on his recovery from this painful affliction, he was nominated supernumerary surgeon to the flagship on the Barbadoes station. The risk, however, of changing suddenly from an arctic to a tropical climate, while still in weak health, compelled him to decline the appointment, and he was consequently removed from the list of surgeons. In 1827 Beverley served as a volunteer under Sir Edward Parry in the capacity of surgeon and naturalist in the long and perilous journey on the Spitsbergen seas. We do not find any especial record of his labours as a natualist, out we learn incidentally that he rendered much valuable assistance in the collection and naming of botanical specimens, and was of much service in preparing many of the examples of Arctic zoology which were brought home. After his retirement from the navy Beverley entered into private practice in London. He lived to see his eightieth birthday, shortly after which he died, 16 Sept. 1868.
[Proceedings of the Royal Society, xvii. p. lxxxvii (1869); Parry's Journals of Voyages for the Discovery of a North-West Passage, 2nd ed. (1821).]
R. H-t.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Beverley, John

1904 Errata appended.
​BEVERLEY, JOHN (1743–1827), esquire bedell of Cambridge University, was a native of Norwich, where his father was a native of Norwich, where his father was in the wine trade, and received his education at Christ's College, Cambridge (B.A. 1767, M.A. 1770). He was elected one of the esquire bedells of the university in 1770, and held that appointment until his death. Mr. Gunning, who was one of his colleagues, gives some extraordinary instances of the careless and perfunctory way in which Beverley discharged the duties of his office. Beverley was always in pecuniary difficulties, and in order to extricate himself from them he resorted to a variety of ingenious expedients. For example, he would dispose of musical instruments and choice flowers, of which he had a fine collection, at a very high price, by means of a lottery, and he and his friends used to canvass the members of the university to purchase tickets. He was a great favourite with the Earl of Sandwich, first lord of the admiralty, who appointed him commissioner and comptroller of an office in Greenwich Hospital. He married one of the daughters of Cooper Thornhill, the famous rider from Stilton. In consequence of his long services as required bedell he was allowed to have a deputy in 1821. In an undated manuscript note, Cole, the antiquary, says: 'Beverley was extravagant, and his wife improvident and proud; they have six young children; it is said he has others at Norwich. Lord Sandwich ahout three years ago got him a small place in his office of the admiralty, of about 100l. annum, he being a good performer on the violin.' His death occurred in London 25 March 1827.
Besides some poll-books of university elections he published: 1. 'An Account of the different Ceremonies observed in the Senate House of the University of Cambridge throughout the year, together with tables of fees, modes of electing officers, forms of proceeding to degrees, and other articles relating to the customs of the university.' Cambridge 1788, 8vo. 2. 'The Trial of William Frend in the Vice-Chancellor's Court for writing and publishing a pamphlet entitled "Peace and Union recommended to the Associated Bodies of Republicans and Anti-Republicans,"' Cambridge [1793], 8vo. 3. 'The Proceedings in the Court of Delegates on the Appeal of William Frend from the Sentence on the Vice-Chancellor's Court,' Cambridge [1793], 8vo.
[Information from Rev. H. R. Luard, D.D.; MS. Addit 5864, f. 99; Cambridge Chronicle. 30 March 1827; Biog. Dict. of Living Authors (1816); Cat. of Printed Books in Brit. Mus.; Romilly's Graduati Cantab. 493, 494; Gunning's Reminiscences of Cambridge, i. 144–54; Gent. Mag. li. 532, containing satirical verses on Beverley.]
T. C.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.25 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| | | 19-18 f.e. | Beverley, John (1743-1827): for an office . . . Hospital read the Sixpenny Office. This he held from 1776 to 1817 |
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Symphorianus, martyr

Symphorianus (1), martyr, according to the MSS. of his Acts, under Aurelian, for which name Ruinart would substitute Aurelius, dating his passion c. 180. He was born in Autun, of noble parentage, and trained in Christianity from his childhood. Autun was devoted to the worship of Berecynthia; and the consular Heraclius, who governed there, anxious to convert the Christians by argument, entered into discussion with Symphorianus, who reviled his false deities. The judge used threats and tortures, and finally beheaded him outside the walls in the place of common execution. The Acts of this martyr have been evidently compiled out of very ancient documents. The judicial investigation is reported in the most exact and technical forms of Roman law. The questions proposed and the answers given are such as we find in the most genuine remains of antiquity. Yet there are also indications that they have been worked up into their present shape. The details of the worship of Cybele may be very usefully compared with those given in the passion of St. Theodotus and the Seven Virgins of Ancyra. Celtic idolatry in Asia and in Gaul followed precisely the same ritual. Ruinart, Acta Sincera, pp. 67–73; Ceillier, i. 472; AA. SS. Boll. Aug. iv. 496–498.
[G.T.S.]
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/T

* Tarachus, also called Victor
* Tatianus
* Teaching of the Twelve Apostles
* Teilo, bishop of Llandaff
* Telesphorus, bishop of Rome
* Tertullianus, Quintus Septimius Florens
* Thaddaeus
* Thaïs
* Thecla
* Themistius
* Theoctistus, bishop of Caesarea
* Theoctistus Psathyropola
* Theodebert I., king of the Franks
* Theodelinda, queen of the Lombards
* Theodora I., empress
* Theodoretus, bishop of Cyrrhus
* Theodoricus I., king of the Visigoths
* Theodoricus, the Ostrogoth
* Theodoricus I., king of the Franks
* Theodorus Askidas, archbp. of Caesarea
* Theodorus, bp. of Mopsuestia
* Theodorus, bishop of Tyana
* Theodorus of Tabenna
* Theodorus Lector
* Theodorus of Amasea
* Theodosius I., the Great
* Theodosius II., emperor
* Theodosius of Syria
* Theodosius, a Monophysite monk
* Theodotion, otherwise Theodotus
* Theodotus of Byzantium
* Theodotus the banker
* Theodotus, martyr at Ancyra
* Theodotus, bishop of Laodicea
* Theodotus, patriarch of Antioch
* Theognostus, a priest of Alexandria
* Theonas, bishop of Alexandria
* Theophilus, bishop of Antioch
* Theophilus, bishop of Alexandria
* Theophilus
* Theophronius
* Theophylactus Simocatta
* Theosebas, a deacon
* Theotimus, bishop of Tomi
* Thomas Edessenus
* Thomas Apameensis, bishop of Apamea
* Tiberius II., emperor of Constantinople
* Tiburtius
* Tichonius, an African Donatist
* Timotheus I., archbp. of Alexandria
* Timotheus, called Aelurus
* Timotheus Salofaciolus
* Timotheus, patriarch of Constantinople
* Titus, emperor
* Titus, bishop of Bostra
* Trajanus, M. Ulpius
* Trophimus, an Italian bishop
* Trophimus, 1st bishop of Arles
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Telesphorus, bishop of Rome

Telesphorus (2), bp. of Rome, accounted the 7th from the apostles. According to Eusebius H. E. iv. 5) he succeeded Xystus in the 12th year of Hadrian (a.d. 128), and suffered martyrdom in the 11th year of his episcopate and the 1st of the reign of Antoninus Pius (iv. 10). Lipsius (Chron. der röm. Bischöf.) considers his earliest probable dates to have been 124 to 135 or 126 to 137 as the latest. If so, Eusebius erred in placing his martyrdom in the reign of Antoninus Pius instead of Hadrian. For the fact of his martyrdom he alleges the authority of Irenaeus; the assertion of the date is his own. Telesphorus is remarkable as being the only one of the early Roman bishops, afterwards accounted martyrs, who appears on the early authority of Irenaeus as such (Iren. Haer. iii.; cf. Eus. l.c.).
[J.B—Y.]
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Tarachus, also called Victor

Tarachus, also called Victor, martyr, an Isaurian from Claudiopolis, and a soldier, who left the army on the outbreak of Diocletian's persecution. The Acts of Tarachus and his companions Probus and Andronicus are one of the most genuine pieces of Christian antiquity. They were first pub. by Baronius in his Annals, under a.d. 290, but from an imperfect MS. Ruinart brought out the most complete ed. in Greek and Latin from a comparison of several MSS. in the Colbertine Library. The martyrs were arrested a.d. 304 in Pompeiopolis, an episcopal city of Cilicia.
They were publicly examined and tortured at three principal cities—Tarsus, Mopsuestia, and Anazarbus, where they were put to death and their relics carefully preserved. The Acts are often quoted by Le Blant (Les Actes des martyrs) to illustrate his argument. Thus, p. 9, he notes the sale of copies of the Proconsular Acts by one of the officials for two hundred denarii. He also illustrates by them the judicial formularies, proconsular circuits, etc. (cf. pp. 27–29, 32, 63, 68, 72, 74, etc.). They suffered under a president Numerianus Maximus (Ruinart, Acta Sinc. 454–492).
[G.T.S.]
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Teilo, bishop of Llandaff

Teilo, bp. of Llandaff and one of the principal saints of Wales, was son of Enlleu ap Hydwn Dwn and cousin to St. David. He was born near Tenby, and educated with St. David and other celebrated Welsh saints. He opened a school near Llandaff, called Bangor Deilo, and on account of his proficiency in the Scriptures is said to have received the name Elios or Eliud. His withdrawal to Armorica on the outbreak of the yellow plague in Wales is counted by Pryce (Anc. Brit. Ch. 163) one of the few incidents in his life which can be considered historical. In the Chron. Series of the Bpp. of Llandaff (Lib. Landav. by Rees, 623) he is said to have become bp. of Llandaff in. 512, so that Rees (Welsh SS. 243) is probably safest in saying that his period in that see ended in its first stage with the appearance of the plague. [DUBRICIUS.]
Returning from Armorica after a stay, as is said, of 7 years and 7 months, he found St. David dead and the see of Menevia vacant. St. Teilo is said to have been elected to the vacant chair as archbp. of Menevia, but, preferring his old see, he consecrated Ishmael, one of St. David's earliest disciples, to be his suffragan at Menevia, raised others to the same rank in different parts of South Wales, while he himself removed to Llandaff, and, carrying with him the primacy, became archbp. with the title of the inferior see (Stubbs, Reg. 154, 156; Haddan and Stubbs, Counc. i. 115 seq.; Rees, Welsh SS. 174, 243 seq.; Pryce, Anc. Br. Ch. 158 seq.). The date of his death is variously fixed from 563 (Lib.
Land. 623) to 604 (Ussher). He is said to have died at a very advanced age.
The chief authority for his Life is Vita S. Teliavi Episcopi a Magistro Galfrido Fratre Urbani Landavensis Ecclesiae Episcopi dicata, belonging to 12th cent., and printed, with trans. and notes, in Lib. Land. by Rees, 92 seq., 332 seq. For MS. and other authorities see Hardy, Desc. Cat. i. pt. i. 130–132, pt. ii. 897, app.; Haddan and Stubbs, Counc. i. 146, app. C. 159.
[J.G.]
# Diary of the times of Charles II/Volume 1/Diary continued, February 23 to February 28

​February 23rd.I was with the Prince in the evening; he told me that the Duke of Zell had already made an alliance with the King of France, but bid me not speak of it. He told me the King of France would certainly desire the alliance again ​when he is at the head of his army at Valenciennes, which I must let them know in England. I think he will do something in Flanders, but he thinks not, unless he can divide us and the States.
25th.Monsieur Barry dined with me, and gave me a memorial, wherein he mentions a person that hath found out the longitude. I went to Madame Somerdykes, where I found the French Ambassador, and we were great friends.
26th.I began to drink the new tea. I was with the Prince in the evening. I asked him why the resolution did not pass; he said it would to-day or to-morrow. He supt with me at night with some ladies. Monsieur Hoste was with me, to assure me that his master was not taking measure with France, but that he endeavoured all he could to maintain the peace of Europe.
28th.I went into mourning for the Princess Elizabeth. The English officers dined with me. I received letters from England.
# Diary of the times of Charles II/Volume 1/Diary continued, January 16 to January 30

​16th.Monsieur Van Beuninghen was with me. He desired me to write to the King to have a care of Italy and Germany, as well as he hath had of Holland.
18th.The Prince dined with me, and told me it would have been impossible for him to have opposed the Alliance, unless the King had appeared, as he had done ; and that nobody durst have done it, for the people would have pulled them in pieces, if any ill accident had happened.
19th.I carried the Prince a letter which pleased him extremely. I dined with the neighbourhood, where there were above a hundred people at dinner.
​21st.Monsieur Campricht and Monsieur Huneken dined with me; at night I was with the Prince, he told me that he had read the King's letter at the Committee of Intelligence, and that it was much liked.
26th.I received letters out of England for the Prince. I carried them to him ; he saw plainly that the Parliament would be prorogued but to April, which he was very glad of.
27th.Mr. Ellis, my Lord of Ossory's secretary, dined with me; he told me how slow they were in his Lord's affairs, and he thought he would be fain to quit. The Prince sent for me, and desired me to write again to Lord Sunderland about making ​alliances with Spain and Oermany, and that he would write to the King. I writ to Sir William Temple.
28th.Mr. Rookwood dined with me. He told me that Mr. Freeman had a mind to come to me, and I gave him all the encouragement I could; he told me of Mynheer Alvin that would be of use to me. At night the Prince told me that Monsieur D'Avaux had sent his equerry into Friesland, to his aunts, and to the Prince, to endeavour to make the alliance with the states of Holland.
29th.Monsieur Van Beuninghen came to me to tell me that it was more necessary to hare an alliance with Spain than ever; that nothing else would hinder the King of France from making war in some parts of Europe this summer; and that if he did, he would certainly make himself master of a great part of it; therefore we must, if we can, keep him from making war: that we are not to be afraid of speaking high, for we might be sure he would not attack us; and it was to no purpose to think of keeping fair with him, for he would never forgive it.
30th.I received letters out of England, and being not well I sent them to the Prince. In the afternoon he came to see me, and told me how he ​approved of what the King had done, and desired me to write earnestly for the alliance with Spain. I writ to my Lord Sunderland, Mr. Harbord, and Spencer.
# Diary of the times of Charles II/Volume 1/Diary continued, January 11 to January 14

​11th.I was with the Prince; he told me their Ambassador had two audiences—the first was only to say what himself and Monsieur Colbert had said before. In the second, he told them he found they had no inclination to accept the Alliance that was proposed to them, that he would not threaten as others did, but he would send to his Ambassador to ask it once more, and to desire an answer in ten days. They are angry, but say nothing. He told me the Ambassador would put in a memorial, and I must put in another, that if he visits the towns, I must do so too. Odyke advises me to go to the States first, because I am sent to them. I told the Prince that Monsieur D'Avaux denied that he showed any letter from Barillon; he said he had two witnesses, which were the Pensioner and Odyke. He told me he suspected some of the nobles to be of the French faction; he hopes to come to the question on Tuesday; he thinks it will be hard work; he will hinder them, if he can, from putting off the debate. Monsieur de Heeke, of ​Guilderland, the first of the Committee for foreign affairs, told me that Monsieur D'Avaux denied the having showed Barillon's letter.
13th.I was with the Prince in the morning; he told me it was fit for me to go to the towns, and also to the deputies of the States-general, which I did. In the evening I showed the Prince my memorial, and left it with him to correct: he does not think they will come to a resolution, which will be the worse for us. I told him Barillon denied writing any such thing. The French Ambassador hath desired twice to speak with the Pensioner, to make the Prince new offers, and so endeavour to gain him; his answer was, that the business is now out of his hands.
13th.I presented my memorial, and invited some of the nobles. At night I writ to my Lord Sunderland and my Lady ; afterwards I went to Court, and inquired what was done, but they would not tell me, because they were under an oath; but I found plainly that it was well for us. Mr. Bentem told me that I should know to-morrow, because it would be carried to the States-general.
14th.Monsieur Rounswinckle was with me; he spoke as if the business was done. In the afternoon Monsieur Campricht came to me from ​Monsieur Van Beuninghen, and told him that they had taken the resolution, and that to-day there was a resumption, which is ever, in these cases, to make it the stronger; after that they had separated.
# Diary of the times of Charles II/Volume 1/Diary continued, January 4 to January 10

​4th.I was with the Prince; he told me the French Ambassador said, if he had told him he would not have been for the alliance, he would never have proposed it. The Prince said he did not know he was obliged to tell him all his mind. He says he hath not yet declared himself in the States, that they had not yet refused. Monsieur Sas dined here, and told me the French Ambassador pretended to be well satisfied with what was done.
5th.I went to the Prince: he told me it would be necessary for the King to use Barillon worse than he uses to do; he showed me his letter to my Lord Sunderland. I dispatched the express.
6th.I writ to my Lord Sunderland. At night ​I met the Prince; he told me Monsieur D' Avaux had told the Pensioner he never believed the Alliance would be, because Fitzpatrick told him that he had told me so: he is mightily enraged at this business of Barillon's. I supt with the Prince at Madame Opdam's.
7th.Monsieur Campricht was with me; he desired to know their resolution, because they might be in a posture of defence, and that he might give timely notice to the Emperor and the Duke of Lorraine. Monsieur Bounswinkle saith the King of France never desired any thing with that earnestness that he does this alliance; therefore he does imagine he will be mightily provoked to be refused. I spoke to the Prince about Monsieur Campricht; he saith that till next week there can be nothing certainly known. He saith Monsieur D' Avaux is angry with the Pensioner, and hath been to complain of him to the town of Amsterdam for proposing the business so soon. The Pensioner is gone to him, but will say nothing but yes or no, unless he had witnesses. We think the business of Barillon vexes him most.
10th.Monsieur Longas dined with me; he told me the joy there was at Brussels for our affairs going on so well here. I was with the Prince, and ​gave him letters from Sir William Temple and Godolphin; he told me he believed Monsieur D' Avaux would speak high, and did not know if the people here would be resolute. I went to Monsieur Van Beuninghen; he presses much the alliance with Spain, and thinks it necessary.
The Prince is much satisfied with the letters that come out of England. He believes that Monsieur D'Avaux will go to the towns, and then I must go too. Sir W. Temple writ about reviving the triple alliance; he thinks Sweden well-disposed towards us; he speaks of a conversation he had with the King, which gave him satisfaction.
# Diary of the times of Charles II/Volume 1/Diary continued, February 6

​February 6th.Colonel Fitzpatrick was with me to take his leave. Monsieur Campricht was with me. He tells me that the Emperor begins to arm; ​that the Elector of Brandenburgh is cross, and complains of his being ill used, and will not join his forces any more for the good of the empire. He hopes that the King will prevail upon him. Monsieur Huneken told me there was certainly an alliance between France and Denmark; he heard it from Bremen. I went afterwards to see Monsieur Heugh; he seems not to have any orders to make any alliance with France. I was with the Prince, and found him in a very ill humour upon the Lords quitting. He thinks it will have a very ill effect here.