OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Clayton, Richard (d.1828)

Date of birth 1745 in the ODNB. 1904 Errata appended.
​CLAYTON, Sir RICHARD (d. 1828), translator, was the son of John Clayton of Northall, Lancashire, by Elizabeth, daughter of the Rev. Dr. Goodwin, rector of Tankersley, near Barnsley, Yorkshire, and nephew of Richard Clayton, serjeant-at-law and lord chief justice of the common pleas in Ireland, who by his will, dated 16 March 1770, left him his manors of Adlington and Worthington. He was created a baronet on 3 May 1774, was recorder of Wigan (1815-28), constable of Lancaster Castle, and British consul at Nantes, where he died on 29 April 1828. He was a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, and a member of the Inner Temple, where he was admitted in 1762, called in 1771, and reader in 1811. He married in 1780 Ann, daughter of Dr. Charles White, an eminent surgeon of Manchester, and left an only daughter, who married Lieutenant-general Robert Browne. Lady Clayton died at Cheltenham on 23 Nov. 1837.
Clayton published the following translations and other works: 1. 'On the Cretins of the Vallais,' a paper in the 'Memoirs' of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, 1790. 2. 'Connubia Florum Latino carmine demonstrata auctore D. De la Croix, notas et observationes adjecit,' Bath, 1791, 8vo. 3. 'A Critical Inquiry into the Life of Alexander the Great by the Ancient Historians, translated from the French of the Baron de St. Croix,' Bath, 1793, 4to, which he rendered by his additions more valuable than the original. 4. 'Memoirs of the House of Medici, from the French of M. Tenhove, with notes and observations,' Bath, 1797, 4to, 2 vols. 5. 'The Science of Legislation, from the Italian of Filangieri,' 1806, 8vo. 6. 'A Treatise on Greyhounds,' in the 'Pamphleteer,' vol. ix. 1817.
C. W. S.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.69 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 17 | i | 32 | Clayton, Sir Richard: for where he died read from 1825 till his death there |
| | | 22 f.e. | for an only daughter read a son, who became second baronet, and a daughter |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cleaver, Euseby

​CLEAVER, EUSEBY (1746–1819), archbishop of Dublin, was a native of Buckinghamshire, being a son of the Rev. William Cleaver, master of a school at Twyford in that county, and a younger brother of William Cleaver [q. v.], bishop successively of Chester, Bangor, and St. Asaph. He was educated on the foundation at Westminster School, whence he was elected to Christ Church, Oxford, in 1763. He graduated B.A. in 1767, M.A. in 1770, B.D. and D.D. in 1783. In 1774 he was presented to the rectory of Spofforth, Yorkshire, which he held till 1783, when Lord Egremont, whose tutor he had been, presented him to the rectories of Tillington and of Petworth, Sussex. He became prebendary of Hova Villa in the church of Chichester in 1787, and in the same year, through the interest of his brother, the bishop of St. Asaph, who had been tutor to the Marquis of Buckingham, he was appointed chaplain to that nobleman, then going to Ireland as viceroy for the second time.
In March 1789 he was promoted to the sees of Cork and Ross, and in June the same year he was translated to the sees of Ferns and Leighlin. He suffered heavy losses by the rebellion of 1798, having his palace plundered and his library and property of all kinds destroyed, but he himself escaped personal violence. In August 1809 he was raised to the archbishopric of Dublin. His mind eventually became impaired, and the functions of the see were discharged by a coadjutor for some years previously to his death at Tunbridge Wells, Kent, in December 1819. His wife, by whom he had several children, died 1 May 1816.
This prelate was 'as eminent for his mildness and condescension as he was for his great piety and extensive learning.' His only publication is a 'Sermon preached before the Incorporated Society in Dublin for Promoting English Protestant Schools in Ireland,' Dublin, 1792, 4to. A portrait of him, painted by Stewart, has been engraved by J. Grozer.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cleeve, Bourchier

1904 Errata appended.
​CLEEVE, BOURCHIER (d. 1760), writer on finance, a prosperous pewterer in. London, was probably the son of Alexander Cleeve, pewterer in Cornhill, who died on 11 April 1738 (Gent. Mag. April 1738, p. 221). Cleeve's name is mentioned in 1755 as paying a fine to be excused serving the office of sheriff. About this date he acquired an estate in Foots Cray, Kent, once the property of Sir Francis Walsingham. Here 'he pulled down the old seat, and erected, at some distance northward from it, an elegant mansion of freestone, after a design of Palladio, and enclosed a park round it, which he embellished with plantations of trees, an artificial canal, &c.' This house was called Foots Cray Place. Cleeve also acquired a good deal of other land in Kent before his death, which took place on 1 March 1760. Cleeve was survived by his wife and daughter, both named Elizabeth. The latter inherited the estates, which in 1765 came into the possession of Sir George Yonge, bart., by his marriage with her. Cleeve wrote 'A Scheme for preventing a further Increase of the National Debt, and for reducing the same,' inscribed to the Earl of Chesterfield (1756). The scheme was simply to impose a considerable tax on houses, and to repeal 'an equivalent amount of taxes on commodities.' A part of this tract was taken up with estimates of the amount subtracted in taxes from incomes of various magnitude. Cleeve's estimates were much exaggerated, as was conclusively shown in 'J. Massie's Letter to Bourchier Cleeve, Esq., concerning his Calculations of Taxes' (1757).
F. W-t.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.69–70 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| | | 16 | Cleeve, Bourchier: for probably the son read the tenth son |
| | | 18 | after p, 221) insert by his second wife, Anne daughter of John Bourchier |
| 23 | ii | 23-34 | Cleeve, Bourchier: for Cleeve was survived . . . Elizabeth, read, He married, about 1740, Mary Haydon, who died 28 Dec. 1760, leaving a daughter, Ann. |
| | | 9 f.e. | before Hasted's insert P.C.C. 94 Linch; |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Clegg, James

​CLEGG, JAMES, M.D. (1679–1755), presbyterian minister, born at Shawfield in the parish of Rochdale, Lancashire, on 26 Oct. 1679, was educated by the Rev. Richard Frankland at Rathmell in Yorkshire, and the Rev. John Chorlton at Manchester. In 1702 he settled as minister of a presbyterian congregation at Malcalf or Malcoffe in Derbyshire, in succession to the Rev. William Bagshaw [q. v.], the 'Apostle of the Peak,' and in 1711 he removed to Chinley, where a chapel had been built, partly from the old materials of the Malcalf meeting-house. At Chinley he remained until his death, on 5 Aug. 1755. He qualified himself as a medical man and obtained the degree of M.D. This step was no doubt taken in order that he might have the means of adding to the slender income he would receive as a village dissenting pastor. During his long residence in the Peak district he gained great respect for his distinguished abilities and kindly character.
In 1703 he, in conjunction with the Rev. John Ashe [q. v.], edited William Bagshaw's 'Essays on Union unto Christ,' and shortly afterwards he wrote an 'advertisement' prefixed to Mr. Ashe's 'Peaceable and Thankful Temper recommended,' the subject of which is the union of England and Scotland. In 1721 he published a discourse on the 'Covenant of Grace' (pp. 71), written in answer to the Rev. Samuel De la Rose of Stockport; and in 1731 he printed a sermon which he had preached at the ordination of John Holland, jun., entitled 'The Continuance of the Christian Church secured by its Constitution.' In 1736 he wrote a little book which is valuable for its biographical information, entitled 'A Discourse occasion'd by the sudden death of the Reverend Mr. John Ashe : to which is added a Short Account of his Life and Character, and of some others in or near the High Peak in Derbyshire, as an appendix to the Rev. Mr. William Bagshaw's Book "De Spiritualibus Pecci"'(12mo, pp. 109). He subsequently edited a collection of 'Seventeen Sermons' preached by his friend John Ashe (1741, 8vo). Clegg was married in 1703 to Ann Champion.
C. W. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cleasby, Anthony

1904 Errata appended.
​CLEASBY, Sir ANTHONY (1804–1879), judge, was born 27 Aug. 1804. His father, Stephen Cleasby, was a Russia broker, who carried on a prosperous business at 11 Union Court, Broad Street, in the city of London, and died at Craig House, Westmoreland, 31 Aug. 1844; having married, 4 Feb. 1797, at Stoke Newington, Mary, second daughter of George John of Penzance. Anthony was educated at Brook Green, Hammersmith, and then at Eton, 1820–3; he abandoned an intention of entering the army, because of an illness in 1819 which rendered him lame for life. He matriculated from Trinity College, Cambridge, in October 1823, was third wrangler and B.A. in 1827, fellow of his college 1828, and M.A. 1830. He was admitted a student of the Inner Temple 30 Jan. 1827, and called to the bar there 10 June 1831, and then went the northern circuit. He soon became known as a most accurate and careful junior; he was a master of the science of special pleading, and learned in all branches of the law. He was not, however, a successful nisi prius advocate, but obtained a large practice as a junior. His opinion was sought by commercial clients in patent cases, mercantile disputes, and real property cases. In 1852 and again in 1859 he was an unsuccessful conservative candidate for East Surrey. He had previously purchased an estate called Ledgers, six miles east of Croydon. He was appointed a queen's counsel on 22 Feb. 1861, and in the same year became a bencher of his inn. In Feb. 1868 he contested the university of Cambridge without success against Mr. Beresford Hope. Cleasby became a baron of the court of exchequer on 25 Aug. 1868, was nominated a serjeant on the same day, admitted on 2 Nov., and on the 9th of the following month was knighted. As a judge he was so cautious and diffident that he won little popular applause. In the criminal courts he was never quite at home. The juries were puzzled by his extremely conscientious efforts to explain the whole law. In his written judgments, however, he spared no pains, and they were always thorough and exhaustive. He retired on a pension in October 1878; went to his country house, Penoyre, near Brecon, which he had purchased after his elevation to the bench; and died on 6 Oct. 1879. He married, on 26 March 1836, Lucy Susan, youngest daughter of Walter Fawkes of Farnley Hall, Yorkshire.
G. C. B.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.69 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 21 | ii | 3 | Cleasby, Sir Anthony: for 1867 read Feb. 1868 |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jeremie, John

​JEREMIE, Sir JOHN (1795–1841), colonial judge, was the son of John Jeremie, an advocate in Guernsey, where he was born 19 Aug. 1795. For some years he practised as an advocate in the royal court of Guernsey, and edited in 1815, with a preface and appendix of his own, ‘Traité sur la Saisie mobilière,’ a legal work by his father, who had died at Malta in 1810. In October 1824 he was appointed chief justice of the island of St. Lucia, and held this post for six years. His strong views as an abolitionist aroused much hostility among the West Indian planters, and the opposition which he met with from the government of St. Lucia led to his resignation. In 1831 his ‘Four Essays on Colonial Slavery’ appeared. This work had considerable influence, and was severely attacked by the upholders of slavery. In February 1832 Jeremie was appointed procureur-général, or public prosecutor, of the island of Mauritius. The colonists were disaffected towards the government owing to the measures adopted for the repression of slavery, and the appointment of so well-known an abolitionist as Jeremie was exceedingly unpopular. On his arrival at the harbour of Port Louis on 2 June he was prevented from landing until the 4th, when he came on shore under the protection of a military escort. His installation, which had been fixed for 22 June, was frustrated by the intentional absence of the judges, and on 20 July he was attacked in the streets by a mob. The governor of the island, Sir Charles Colville, thereupon directed him to retire, and he embarked for England on 29 July. On his arrival there on 29 Oct. he was ordered to return, and left England 6 Jan. 1833, arriving at the Mauritius on 29 April. During his second tenure of office an attempt was made to prosecute him for imprisoning and detaining some members of the volunteer patrols who had attacked the 87th regiment on 25 May. In August 1833 he charged the judges in open court with being notoriously interested in the slave-holdings, and with having recently incurred the censure of the colonial office for mitigating punishments for sedition and treason. The governor expressed disapproval of Jeremie's language; Jeremie resigned and quitted Mauritius on 28 Oct.
In 1836 he was sent out to Ceylon as judge, and on 15 Oct. 1840 was appointed governor of Sierra Leone. He was knighted ​ 4 Nov. following, and in the same year published a ‘Letter on Negro Emancipation.’ He died at Sierra Leone on 23 April 1841.
[Recent Events at Mauritius, 1855, by John Jeremie; Haydn's Book of Dignities; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
E. J. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jerman, Edward

​JERMAN, EDWARD (d. 1668), architect, was one of the three surveyors appointed by the committee for rebuilding the Royal Exchange, London, to report on the ruins after the great fire of 1666, and was selected to undertake the work of reconstruction. The building was commenced by him on 6 May 1667. The last mention of his name is made on 22 Oct. 1668, and he died before 28 Nov., on which day Cartwright, his head mason, ‘declared himself master of the whole designe for the Exchange.’ It appears that Cartwright completed the work in 1669 from Jerman's drawings, at a cost of 59,000l. Dr. Robert Hooke [q. v.] and Sir Christopher Wren were occasionally consulted. There is a view of the edifice in Campbell's ‘Vitruvius Britannicus,’ vol. ii., and a sketch of it in Knight's ‘London’ (ii. 302), where Jerman's name is wrongly spelt ‘Jernan.’ It was burnt down 10 Jan. 1838. Jerman also restored the Merchant Taylors' Hall, and rebuilt the halls of the Haberdashers', Drapers', and Fishmongers' companies respectively. The Fishmongers' Hall (completed after his death and since rebuilt) was highly successful, and has often been wrongly attributed to Sir Christopher Wren. It is not certain whether Jerman was ever surveyor to the city of London, but he surveyed for Gresham House and for several of the city companies.
[Extracts from Records of the City of London, 1564–1825, London, 1839, fol.; Herbert's History of the Twelve Great Livery Companies, ii. 69; Knight's London, ed. Walford, ii. 298; Thornbury's London, i. 501, ii. 4; Britton and Pugin's Public Buildings, i. 292; Brayley's Londiniana, iii. 83; Architect. Publ. Society's Dictionary of Architecture, vol. iv.; Redgrave's Dict. of Artists.]
T. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jerdon, Thomas Claverhill

​JERDON, THOMAS CLAVERHILL (1811–1872), zoologist, son of Archibald Jerdon of Bonjedward, Roxburghshire, was born in 1811. He received his first appointment as assistant-surgeon in the Madras service in 1835, and began an assiduous study of the birds of India. In 1844 he brought out his ‘Illustrations of Indian Ornithology;’ and his later work, ‘Birds of India,’ 1862–4, has been described as of inestimable value. He came home in 1864, and died 12 June 1872 at Upper Norwood, Surrey. Another work, the ‘Mammals of India,’ 1867, reached a second edition in 1874. The botanical genus Jerdonia was named in his honour by his old friend and fellow-officer, Dr. Wight. His younger brother, Archibald (1819–1874), was also a naturalist. He first published notes in the ‘Zoologist’ in 1841, and died at Allerton, near Jedburgh, in February 1874 (Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. xii. 201).
[Proc. Linn. Soc. 1872–3, p. 32.]
B. D. J.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jermin, Michael

​JERMIN or GERMAN, MICHAEL (1591–1659), divine, born in 1591 at Knows, Devonshire, was the son of Alexander Jermin, merchant and sheriff of Exeter, of which place his grandfather was twice mayor. He matriculated at the age of fifteen at Exeter College, Oxford, 20 June 1606, was elected a scholar of Corpus Christi College 23 Sept. 1608, and a probationer fellow 25 April 1615, graduating B.A. 12 Oct. 1611 and M.A. 24 Jan. 1615. On leaving Oxford he went abroad as chaplain to Princess Elizabeth, electress palatine, and proceeded D.D. at Leyden. He was again in England by 1624; on 27 July graduated D.D. at Oxford, and was made chaplain to Charles I in the same year. In 1628 he became rector of St. Martin's, Ludgate, suffered much for the royal cause when the civil war broke out, and was ejected from his living in favour of Thomas Jacombe [q. v.] His property was taken from him, and he was obliged to live on the charity of fellow-royalists. He retired about 1652 to his son-in-law's house at Kemsly, near Sevenoaks, and died suddenly, 14 Aug. 1659, while returning from preaching at Sevenoaks. He was buried north of the altar at Kemsly, where a marble monument was raised over his grave. Wood describes him as a pious and laborious man. He published: 1. ‘Paraphrastical Meditations by way of Commentary on Proverbs,’ dedicated to Charles I, London, 1638, fol. Bodl. and British Museum. 2. ‘Commentary on Ecclesiastes,’ &c., dedicated to the Electress Elizabeth, London, 1639, fol. Bodl. and British Museum. 3. ‘The Father's Instructions to his Child,’ London, 1658, 8vo. Wood also assigns to him the ‘Exemplary Life and Death of Mr. Jourdaine,’ 4to, probably the Ignatius Jourdain, a life of whom was also written by Ferdinand Nicolls, 1653 [see under Jourdain, Sylvester].
[Wood's Athenæ (Bliss), iii. 475; Wood's Fasti, i. 341, 357, 418; Newcourt's Repertorium, i. 415; Oxf. Univ. Registers, Oxf. Hist. Soc., II. i. 272, II. ii. 289, II. iii. 305.]
E. T. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jermy, Seth

​JERMY, SETH (d. 1724), captain in the navy, was a lieutenant of the Northumberland at the battle of Barfleur in May 1692. In 1694 he was first lieutenant of the Grafton, of the Burford in 1695, and of the Lion in 1696. On 15 Jan. 1696–7 he was promoted to the command of the Spy brigantine, and in December 1702 was appointed to the Nightingale, a small frigate employed in convoy service in the North Sea. For the next five years she was conducting colliers and corn-ships between the Forth, the Tyne, the Humber, and the Thames, and chasing, but apparently never catching, the enemy's privateers. On the evening of 24 Aug. 1707, being off the mouth of the Thames with a numerous convoy, she was met by a squadron of six French galleys under the command of M. de Langeron. Two of the galleys attacked the frigate; the other four gave chase to the convoy. But the Nightingale made such a stout defence that De Langeron was obliged to recall his whole force to his assistance. Even then Jermy continued to fight against overwhelming odds, and yielded only when he saw that all his convoy had got safely into the river. A year afterwards he was exchanged, and on his return to England was tried by court-martial for the loss of his ship and honourably acquitted. He was then appointed to command the Swallow's Prize, and in April 1710 was moved into the Antelope. In 1712, being, according to Charnock, of an advanced age, he was placed on the superannuated list, and died on 3 Aug. 1724. While he was a prisoner in France his pay for the Nightingale was paid to his wife Mary; and in a letter of 8 May 1712 he speaks of a kinsman, Ferdinando Wyvell.
[English Historical Review, iv. 69. The account of the capture of the Nightingale given by Jean Marteilhe in Mémoires d'un Protestant condamné aux Galères de France pour cause de Religion, Rotterdam, 1757, Paris, 1865, appears to be accurate, within the author's sphere of observation.]
J. K. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jermyn, George Bitton

​JERMYN, GEORGE BITTON (1789–1857), antiquary, born on 2 Nov. 1789, was the eldest son of Peter Jermyn the younger (1767–1797), solicitor, of Halesworth, Suffolk, by Sarah, second daughter and coheiress of George Bitton of Uggeshall in the same county. He was educated at Ipswich grammar school, at Norwich, and at Caius College, ​Cambridge. During 1811 and 1812 he travelled on the continent, chiefly for the purpose of making heraldic researches; returned to Cambridge in 1813, when he removed to Trinity Hall; and graduated LL.B. on 14 July 1814, and LL.D. July 1826. He was curate of Hawkedon, Suffolk, till May 1817, when he moved to the curacy of Littleport in the Isle of Ely. He became curate of Swaffham Prior, near Newmarket, Cambridgeshire, in July 1820. He died in the island of Maddelena, in the kingdom of Sardinia, on 2 March 1857, and was buried in a small neighbouring island. He married first, on 29 March 1815, Catherine (1792–1828), daughter of Hugh Rowland of Middle Scotland Yard, London, by whom he had three sons and four daughters; and secondly, on 11 Dec. 1828, Anne Maria, second daughter of Henry Fly, D.D., subdean of St. Paul's, by whom he had a daughter.
Jermyn, like his uncle, Henry Jermyn (1767–1820) [q. v.], made voluminous collections for a genealogical history of Suffolk, which are preserved in the Bury St. Edmunds Museum. He also compiled an elaborate history of his own family, a folio volume of more than seven hundred pages.
[Nichols's Herald and Genealogist, v. 441–3.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jermyn, Henry (1767-1820)

​JERMYN, HENRY (1767–1820), Suffolk antiquary, born on 11 Feb. 1767, was the second son of Peter Jermyn the elder (1737–1810), solicitor, of Halesworth, Suffolk, by Elizabeth, daughter and coheiress of Dr. Samuel Rye of the same place. He studied for a time at St. John's College, Cambridge, but did not graduate, and was afterwards called to the bar from Lincoln's Inn. He resided at Sibton, Suffolk. He died on 27 Nov. 1820. In May 1791 he married Harriott Lucke of Sussex, widow of Thomas Douglas, by whom he had two daughters. His portrait by Mrs. Pulham has been engraved (Nichols, Herald and Geneal. v. 439–40).
Jermyn amassed materials for a history of Suffolk in conjunction with his friend David Elisha Davy [q. v.], each receiving a copy of the other's work. At Davy's request Jermyn's collections were not sold at the sale of his effects in 1821, but were subsequently bought by Herbert Gurney, and presented to the British Museum in 1830. James Jermyn [q. v.], cousin of Henry Jermyn, accused Davy, in a published pamphlet, of fraud in his relations with his cousin, but Davy vindicated his conduct in notes to the copy which is now at the British Museum. Jermyn's manuscripts consist of ‘Suffolk Pedigrees’ (Add. MS. 17097), ‘Index to Suffolk Families and Places, List of Parishes, &c.’ (Add. MSS. 17099–100), and ‘Collections for the County of Suffolk’ (Add. MSS. 8168–218).
[See art. Davy, David Elisha.]
G. G.