OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Woman of the Century/Ella May Bennett

​BENNETT, Mrs. Ella May, Universalist minister, born in Stony Brook, N. Y., 21st April. 1855 She was the twelfth child of a family of fourteen, of whom all save two grew to manhood and womanhood. Her father's name was Daniel Shaloe Hawkins, and her mother's maiden name was Harriet Atwood Terry. Two of her brothers have been very prominent in political life. When a very small child, Mrs. Bennett thought deeply upon religious matters. She would often ask her mother to go and pray, especially when her mother seemed troubled in any way. From the very first God seemed to her a friend and comforter. When the doctrines of the church which she had always attended were explained to her, she rejected them. When about thirteen years of age, she visited a cousin in northern Pennsylvania, and for the first time listened to a sermon by a Universalist minister. She recognized her early ideas of God and heaven. On her return home she was told the Bible gave no authority for such a doctrine. She accepted that statement, gave up all interest in religious matters, and would not open a Bible, and tried to become an atheist For years she groped in a mental darkness that at times threatened her reason. When about thirty years of age, Mrs. Bennett's mother, a devout woman, who had long been deeply concerned about her daughter's state of mind, presented her a Bible, begging her for her sake to read it. She gave the book with an earnest prayer that the true light from its pages might shine upon her mind. Mrs. Bennett reluctantly promised. She had only read a few pages when, to her surprise, she found authority for the Universalist faith. The Bible became her constant companion, and for months she read nothing else. Mrs. Bennett became anxious for others to know the faith which had so brightened her own life and readily consented, at the request of Edward Oaks. ELLA MAY BENNETT. to read sermons afternoons in Union Hall in Stony Brook. The sermon reading gradually changed to original essays, and finally Mrs Bennett found herself conducting regular and popular sermons. ​Rev. L. B. Fisher, of Bridgeport, Conn., became interested in her work She united with his church in May, 1889. Her pastor presented her a library of books and assisted in procuring her a license to preach. On 25th September, 1890, she was ordained in Stony Brook. Mrs. Bennett entered the ministry with the determination never to accept a good position and stated salary, but to labor where the faith was new and for the free-will offering of the people, and, although tempted by large salaries, she has never wavered in that determination. Mrs. Bennett published verses at the age of eleven years, and she has through life given a portion of her time to literary work. In 1875 she was married to William Bennett, and they have three children. She divides her time between her home duties and her ministerial labor, doing full justice to both.
# Woman of the Century/Ella Rhoads Higginson

​HIGGINSON, Mrs. Ella Rhoads, poet and author, was born in a log cabin near Council Grove, ELLA RHOADS HIGGINSON. Kans., in 1862. Her maiden name was Ella Rhoads. In 1864 her family moved westward over the plains to Oregon, where she has spent most of her life. Her educational advantages were limited to a grammar-school course and a short season in the Oregon City Seminary. In 1886 she became the wife of Russell C. Higginson, a druggist, and their home is in Sehome, on Bellingham Bay, Puget Sound, Washington. Mrs. Higginson edited a woman's department in the "West Shore" for several years, and she also contributes to a number of eastern periodicals and journals. In her girlhood she wrote several love stories, but she did not seriously attempt literature until 1888. In that year she sent a poem to the Boston "Courier," which attracted general attention and was widely copied. She had published a number of poems in the "West Shore," but the Boston incident was her first important incentive to higher effort. Since that date she has written and published many remarkable poems, and she now ranks with the foremost of the younger singers of the United States.
# Woman of the Century/Ella Seaver Owen

​ELLA SEAVER OWEN. (Page 552.)
​OWEN, Mrs. Ella Seaver, artist and decorator, born in Williamstown, Vt, 26th February, 1852. Her father, Asahel Bingham Seaver, born and brought up in Williamstown, was a descendant of Robert Seaver, an Englishman, who came to America in the seventeenth century. Her mother, whose maiden name was Aurelia Adams, was also of English descent. Mrs. Owen is one of two children. Her brother, Harlan Page Seaver, lives in Springfield, Mass. When she was an infant, her father moved to Burlington, Vt., where he was a successful teacher in the public schools for many years. From early childhood she was fond of pencil and color-box. and, as she grew older, she had the best instruction in drawing and painting the town afforded. Fond of study, she was ambitious to receive a college education and prepared in the high school, studying Greek. When, in 1872, the University of Vermont, in Burlington, opened its doors to women, she was ready to enter, and was graduated in 1876, taking the degree of A. B. After teaching a few terms in the Clark Institution for the Deaf, in Northampton, Mass., she decided to go to the Cooper Union Art School, in New York. Before that move she had decorated small articles, which had begun to find sale at home. It was in the beginning of the decorative craze, when the term "hand-painted" was expected to sell anything to which it could be applied. She looked about and found such inartistic things on sale in the stores in New York that she offered some of her work, and was gratified to have it readily taken and more ordered. She found herself able, besides spending four hours a day in the art-school, to earn ​enough by decorative work to pay her expenses and graduate from the normal designing-class in May, 1880. A part of the time she was a member of the sketch-class in the Art Student's League and took lessons in china-painting in the school now called the Osgood Art School. In August, 1880, she became the wife of Frank Allen Owen, a chemist, born and reared in Burlington, Vt. She continued her art and sent work to the women's exchanges, and with those societies had much profitable experience. She taught painting in her own and neighboring towns, having had, in all, several hundreds of pupils. In 1881 she became interested in china-firing. From the time she left the art-school she worked constantly in oils and water-colors. In 1886, having acquired a large number of studies and receiving many calls to rent them, she decided to classify them and to send out price-lists, offering to rent studies and send them by mail anywhere in the United States and Canada. That venture proved successful. She has had calls from every State in the Union. She now makes her home in Burlington. Her mother lives with her. She has a family of three children
# Woman of the Century/Helen Watterson Moody

​MOODY, Mrs. Helen Watterson, journalist, was born in Cleveland, Ohio. Her maiden name was Watterson. She was one of the four young women who competed with men in the University of Wooster, where she was graduated with high honors in 1883. HELEN WATTERSON MOODY. Her newspaper work was begun as soon as she left college, in the offices of the Cleveland "Leader" and "Sun." At the end of two years she was invited to return to her alma mater as assistant professor of rhetoric and English, and she accepted the position, remaining until she was called, in 1889, to the staff of the New York "Evening Sun." From that time until she left the "Sun," on the occasion of her marriage, in 1891, her identity was merged in that of the "Woman About Town," a title created for her, under which she wrote, in a semi-editorial manner, a column every day. The subjects of her paragraphs were usually taken from current happenings. She always touched the higher chords of human feeling without setting herself up to be a moralist, and among all her paragraphs there was never a sentence to be ​regretted. Her style was original, and the significance of her title was often brought into question, most readers believing that only a masculine intellect could have invented the sayings of the "Woman About Town." Her husband, Winfield S. Moody, jr., is also a journalist There is little to mark Mrs. Moody as distinctly belonging to any type, but she possesses the energy and is not lacking in the ambition that are prominent qualities of the western character. With a vigor of intellect that men are wont to call masculine she unites the sympathetic qualities that even the most radical woman reformer likes to admit are feminine. Mrs. Moody has not given up journalistic work. Her pen-name will always be "Helen Watterson."
# Woman of the Century/Helen Rankin Copp

​COPP, Mrs. Helen Rankin, sculptor, born in Atlanta, Logan county, Ill., 4th August, 1853. She is descended from Scotch and German ancestors, who took a leading part in freeing America from the British yoke and from the curse of slavery. HELEN RANKIN COPP. Her paternal grandfather, John Rankin, was one of the organizers of the Abolition movement. From her earliest childhood she dreamed of art. Stories and histories of artists were her favorite reading, and she tried to work out her dreams. It was weary labor, for the result was so far from her ideal. The few pictures the little country town afforded were but dreary disappointments. When she was five years old, her parents moved to Loda, Ill., where she passed her childhood and early womanhood. At the age of eighteen she attended the opening of the Chicago Exposition and for the first time saw a work 01 art. She returned home with renewed hope to the work of finding a way in the dark. In 1874 she became the wife of W. H. Copp, of Wolfboro, N. H., then engaged in the mercantile business in Loda. In 1884 they moved to Pullman, Ill., with one son, leaving four sons lying in the little prairie cemetery. The years of working in the dark were ended. In 1888 Mrs. Copp entered the Art Institute of Chicago. There she soon discovered that sculpture was her forte. Abandoning all thoughts of painting, she plunged into the study of modeling and anatomy with desperation born of the knowledge that half a lifetime was gone. Entering upon her work at an age when most artists begin to achieve success, she rapidly surmounted all difficulties, allowing herself no rest, even in vacation, and carrying off the honors of her class, until 1890, when she received the only medal ever given by the Art Institute for sculpture. Her instructor said that she had accomplished ten years' work in three. Mrs. Copp then established a studio in Chicago. She has modeled portraits of a number of prominent citizens of that city, besides many ideal works.
# Woman of the Century/Helen Taggart Clark

​CLARK, Mrs. Helen Taggart, journalist, born in Northumberland, Pa., 24th April, 1849. She is the oldest of three children of the late Col. David Taggart and Annie Pleasants Taggart. She was educated in the Friends' central high school, in Philadelphia, Pa. In October, 1869, she made a six months' stay in Charleston, S. C, whither she went to make a visit to her father, then stationed in that city as paymaster in the United States army. Miss Taggart became the wife in 1870 of Rev. David H. Clark, a Unitarian minister settled over the church in Northumberland. Four years later they removed to New Milford, Pa., to take charge of a Free Religious Society there. In 1875 Mr. Clark was called to the Free Congregational Society in Florence, Mass. Attention was first drawn to "H. T. C ," by which some of her earlier work was ​signed, in 1880, by her occasional poems in the Boston "Index," of which her husband was for a time assistant editor, and in the Springfield " Republican." Her life, as she puts it, has been one HELEN TAGGART CLARK. of intellectual aspirations and clamorous dish-washing and bread-winning. Mrs. Clark left Florence in 1884. returning to her father's house in Northumberland with her youngest child, an only daughter, her two older children being boys. There for two years she was a teacher in the high school, varying her duties by teaching music and German outside of school hours, story and verse writing and leading a Shakespeare class In August, 1887. she accepted a position in the "Good Cheer" office, Greenfield, Mass., whence she was recalled to Northumberland the following February by the illness of her father. His illness terminated fatally a little later, since which time Mrs. Clark has made her home in her native town. Mrs. Clark has a large circle of friends, and her social duties take up much of her time, but she contrives to furnish a weekly column for the Sunbury "News," to perform the duties pertaining to her office as secretary of the Woman's Relief Corps in her town, to lead a young people's literary society, and to contribute stories and poems to Frank Leslie's papers, the "Christian Union. " the " Woman's Journal " and the Springfield "Republican."
# Woman of the Century/Helen Vickroy Austin

​AUSTIN, Mrs. Helen Vickroy, journalist and horticulturist, born in Miamisburg, Montgomery county, Ohio, in 1829. She is a daughter of Edwin Augustus and Cornelia Harlan Vickroy. HELEN VICKROY AUSTIN. Her family on both sides are people of distinction. Her mother was a daughter of the Hon George Harlen, of Warren county, Ohio. Her father was a son of Thomas Vickroy, of Pennsylvania, who was a soldier in the Revolution under Washington and an eminent surveyor and extensive land-owner. When Mrs. Austin was a child, the family removed to Pennsylvania and established a homestead in Ferndale. Cambria county. There her early life was passed. With an inherent love of nature, she grew up amid the picturesque scenes of the foot-hills of the Alleghany mountains, a poet in thought and an ardent lover of the beautiful. She was married in 1850 to William W. Austin, a native of Philadelphia, at that time residing at Richmond, Ind., in which delightful city they lived until, in 1885, the family went East, taking up their residence at Vineland, N. I. Although Mrs. Austin is a domestic woman, she has taken time to indulge her taste and promptings and has done considerable writing. Some of her best work has been for the agricultural and horticultural press, and her essays at the horticultural meetings and interest in such matters have given her a fame in horticultural circles. As a writer of sketches and essays and a reporter and correspondent Mrs. Austin has marked capacity. She is accurate and concise. Much of her work has been of a fugitive nature for the local press, but was worthy of a more enduring place. One of the marked characteristics of her nature is benevolence. She has given much time and used her pen freely in aid of philanthropic work. She has for many years been identified with the cause of woman suffrage, and the various institutions for the elevation and protection of woman have had her earnest help. Long before the temperance crusade she was a pronounced ​advocate of temperance and while in her teens was a "Daughter of Temperance." Her philanthropic spirit makes her a friend to the negro and Indian. She is a life member of the National Woman's Indian Rights Association. Mrs. Austin is the mother of three children. One of these, a daughter, is living. Her two sons died in childhood.
# Woman of the Century/Helena Maxwell Cady

​CADY, Mrs. Helena Maxwell, doctor of medicine, born in New Orleans, La., 26th April, 1849. She spent most of her youth in Cuba, where her father, Patric W. Maxwell, a civil engineer, was engaged in the erection of sugar engines and the building of bridges and railroads. Her grandfather, Dr. John Maxwell, of Dundee, Scotland, was a surgeon in the British army for many years. Her father never claimed his Scotch inheritance, which included a baronetcy. Helena did not enjoy the best of educational opportunities, as Cuba was not then a land of general education. She was married to Mr. Cady in 1870 and has a family of seven living children. While living in Arkansas, after the Civil War, she became interested in medicine, and in adversity she turned her attention to that profession. She took a course in the Homeopathic School of Physicians and Surgeons in St. Louis. After graduating M. D., she practiced for several years in Little Rock, Ark. Leaving that city, she settled in Louisville, Ky., where she is now engaged in successful practice. In addition to her ​professional and literary work, Dr. Cady has been active in philanthropic work. She is a member of the Episcopal Church, a King's Daughter, a worker and member of the Woman's Christian Temperance
HELENA MAXWELL CADY. Union, a member of the Woman Suffrage Association of Louisville, and president of a circle of the women of the Grand Army of the Republic. She was for several years one of the staff of physicians of the Little Rock Free Dispensary. She is a member of the Southern Homeopathic Medical Association and of the Kentucky Homeopathic Medical Society. She is a busy and successful woman, and has written considerably, both in prose and verse.
# Woman of the Century/Helena Modjeska

​MODJESKA, Mme. Helena, actor, born in Cracow, Poland, 12th October, 1844. Her maiden name was Helcia Opido. She is a daughter of Michael Opido, a cultured musician, a teacher in Cracow. In childhood and youth she felt a longing for the stage, but her parents would not permit her to become an actor. At an early age she became the wife of Mr. Modrzejewski, now abbreviated to " Modieska," and she then was permitted to carry out her wish to go on the stage. HELENA MODJESKA. Helena appeared successfully in a charity performance in Bochnia, Austrian Poland, and her husband was so impressed by her talents that he organized a company, and they traveled through Galicia, playing in the towns with considerable success. During the last part of 1862 she played a three-month engagement in the government theater in Lemberg. She next managed a theater for herself in Czernowice, taking the prominent roles and assisted by her younger sister and two half-brothers. In 1865 she returned to Cracow, and her reputation at once made her leading lady in the chief theater in that city. Her fame spread to France and Germany, and she received invitations to play in other countries. Alexandre Dumas, fils, invited her to go to Paris to play the rôle of Marguerite Gautier in his "Dame aux Cameras," but she preferred to remain on the Polish stage. Her husband died, and in September, 1868, she became the wife of Charles Bozenta Chlapowski, a Polish ​count. In 1869 they settled in Warsaw, where Madame Modjeska played the principal parts in the standard dramas of Shakespeare, Gothe, Schiller and Moliere, as well as in new Polish dramas. They remained in Warsaw until 1876. Her repertory in her native language included two-hundred-eighty-four plays. Failing health and discontent under the Russian censorship induced her to leave the stage, and she and her husband came to the United States in 1876. With the aim of founding a Polish colony, they settled on a ranch near Los Angeles, Cal. In the spring of 1877 she went to San Francisco to study English, and after four months of study she was able to appear as Adrienne Lecouvreur in the California Theater. Her success was instant, and she at once entered upon her remarkably brilliant American career. She has made six tours of the United States and three short tours in Poland, and has played several seasons in London and the English provinces. Her repertory on the American stage includes twenty-live roles. She has literary talent of a fine order, and among her achievements are successful adaptations of " As You Like It" and "Twelfth Night " for the Polish stage. In common with all patriotic Poles, Madame Modjeska burns with indignation over the tyranny exercised by Russia over Poland. Both Madame Modjeska and her husband are naturalized citizens of the United States
# Woman of the Century/Helen Maud Merrill

​HELEN MAUD MERRILL. MERRILL, Miss Helen Maud, litterateur, born in Bangor, Me., 5th May, 1865 From 1881 to 1887 she lived in Bucksport, in the same State. In 1889 she removed to Portland, Me., where she still resides. There she soon became connected with several literary associations. She early showed a talent for composition, and since 1882 she has been a contributor, both in prose and verse, to the newspaper press. Her humorous sketches over the pen-name "Samantha Spriggins" had extensive reading. In 1885 she wrote a poem on the death of Gen. Grant, which was forwarded to his widow, and a grateful acknowledgment was received by the author in return. Her memorial odes and songs written for the anniversaries of the Grand Army of the Republic always find appreciation. In a recently-published work on the poets of her native State she has honorable mention. She has not yet collected her work in book-form, nor has she been in haste with her contributions to magazines and newspapers. Delicate in her childhood, she was tenderly and constantly cared for by her affectionate mother, who, doing her own thinking on all the most important themes pertaining to both man and womankind, encouraged her daughter to do the same. Early in life Miss Merrill was led to take herself into her own keeping, resolved on an honorable, useful and womanly life.
# Woman of the Century/Helen Morton Smith

​SMITH, Miss Helen Morton, journalist, born in Sullivan Harbor, Me., 12th December, 1859. She was a precocious child and a diligent student. She received a primary education in the school of her town. Her later education was obtained in a convent in Michigan. HELEN MORTON SMITH. While quite young, she became a regular contributor to country papers, and many of her articles were copied by metropolitan journals. She enrolled herself in the ranks of overworked and underpaid school-teachers and won the success sure to attend the efforts of a gifted woman. After three years of service in the cause of education, the craving for a broader life led her to abandon what she had once considered her chosen work and enter the profession which is always open to talents such as hers. Boston was her chosen field of labor, and the excellent training received in that city prepared her for the positions she has since held. In 1890, in addition to a large special correspondence and associated press reporting from Bar Harbor, she was local editor of the Bar Harbor " Record." and in the following year she was made managing editor. In connection with that work she furnished many of the leading newspapers with Bar Harbor matter, her letters reaching as far west as Cincinnati and Chicago. She has a beautiful home in Sullivan Harbor, but spends her winters in New York and Washington
# Yates v. United States (354 U.S. 298)/Concurrence Burton

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Concurring Opinion Burton
* Concurrence/Dissent Black
* Dissenting Opinion Clark
United States Supreme Court
354 U.S. 298
Yates v. United States
certiorari to the united states court of appeals for the ninth circuit
Nos. 6, 7 and 8. Argued: October 8 and 9, 1956. --- Decided: June 17, 1957.
MR. JUSTICE BURTON, concurring in the result.
I agree with the result reached by the Court, and with the opinion of the Court except as to its interpretation of the term "organize" as used in the Smith Act. As to that, I agree with the interpretation given it by the Court of Appeals. 225 F.2d 146.
MR. JUSTICE BRENNAN and MR. JUSTICE WHITTAKER took no part in the consideration or decision of this case. [p339]
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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