OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Talaivan

​Talaivan (a chief).—A title of the Maravans. Jādi or Jāti Talaivan is the name of the hereditary chief of the Paravas of Tinnevelly, who, at times of pearl fisheries, receives a fixed share of the 'oysters.'
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Takru

​Takru.—A class of Muhammadan pilots and sailors in the Laccadive islands. (See Māpnilla.)
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Talamala

​Talamala.—A sub-division of Kānikar.
# Brill v. Peckham Motor Truck & Wheel Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
189 U.S. 57
Brill v. Peckham Motor Truck & Wheel Company
Argued: March 2, 3, 1903. --- Decided: April 6, 1903
This was a bill in equity filed in the Circuit Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York by John A. Brill and the J. G. Brill Company against the Peckham Motor Truck & Wheel Company and others, praying for injunction and accounting for infringement of letters patent No. 478,218, for an improvement in car trucks, issued July 5, 1892.
The J. G. Brill Company was a manufacturer of street cars and trucks at Philadelphia, and the Peckham Motor Truck & Wheel Company was a manufacturer of trucks at Kingston, New York.
The bill was filed October 15, 1900, and a motion for preliminary injunction on behalf of complainants on claims 1 and 2 of the patent in suit was heard by Judge Lacombe on October 26, 1900, on affidavits previously served by complainants, including the record of an adjudication in the circuit court in the case of Brill v. Third Ave. R. Co. in which the opinion of Judge Shipman was filed July 9, 1900. 103 Fed. 289.
Defendants filed affidavits at the hearing, which had been sworn to October 25 and 26, and which complainants had apparently had no opportunity to inspect before the argument. These affidavits set up two patents (Manier, of August 27, 1889, No. 409,993, and Peckham, of January 21, 1890, No. 419,876), which had also been before Judge Shipman in the prior case, and defendants contended, in view of these two patents, that the two claims in controversy must be limited in their scope, and that there had been no infringement of the claims as thus limited. Judge Lacombe held that, as there was no prior patent before him which had not been before Judge Shipman, and as the combination, which Judge Shipman described as the gist of the invention, was undoubtedly in defendants' structures, complainants were entitled to a restraining order under 'wellsettled rules of practice.' 105 Fed. 626. The preliminary injunction was therefore granted. From this interlocutory order defendants took an appeal to the circuit court of appeals for the second circuit, and on a hearing there the order granting the preliminary injunction was reversed, and the cause remanded to the circuit court with instructions to dismiss the bill with costs. 47 C. C. A. 315, 108 Fed. 267. A petition was filed for a rehearing, and denied. 49 C. C. A. 87, 110 Fed. 377. This writ of certiorari was then granted. 183 U.S. 698, 46 L. ed. 395, 22 Sup. Ct. Rep. 946.
Messrs. Francis Rawle, Frederick P. Fish, and Joseph L. Levy for petitioners.
Messrs. Charles H. Duell, William A. Megrath, and Henry P. Wells for respondents.
Mr. Chief Justice Fuller delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Brill Company v. Bemis Car Box Company/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
236 U.S. 614
Brill Company v. Bemis Car Box Company
Denied.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Brillhart v. Excess Insurance Company of America

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
316 U.S. 491
Brillhart v. Excess Insurance Company of America
Argued: April 8, 1942. --- Decided: June 1, 1942
Mr. Clarence C. Chilcott, of Kansas City, Mo., for petitioner.
Messrs. Dick H. Woods and Paul R. Stinson, both of Kansas City, Mo., for respondent.
Mr. Justice FRANKFURTER delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Brightest and Best of the Sons of the Morning

* related portals: Hymns, Christmas.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
First published in The Christian Observer, 1811. It is most commonly sung to the tune "Morning Star" by James Proctor Harding.
* "Brightest and Best of the Sons of the Morning" in The Army and Navy Hymnal, 1920
* "Brightest and Best of the Sons of the Morning" in Our American Holidays - Christmas, 1949
# Brill Company v. Bemis Car Box Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
236 U.S. 614
Brill Company v. Bemis Car Box Company
Messrs. J. Edgar Bull, Alexander Simpson, Jr., and Francis Rawle, for petitioner.
Messrs. John G. Johnson, Henry P. Brown, and Antonio Knauth, for respondent.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Brill v. Washington Railway & Electric Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
215 U.S. 527
Brill v. Washington Railway & Electric Company
Argued: December 10, 13, 1909. --- Decided: January 17, 1910
Messrs. Francis Rawle, Frederick P. Fish, and Melville Church for appellants.
Messrs. Holland S. Duell, Charles H. Duell, and F. P. Warfield for appellee.
Mr. Justice Holmes delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Brightly hast thou fled

* Brightly hast thou fled, in The New Monthly Magazine Volume 40 (Songs for Evening Music), 1834.
* Brightly hast thou fled, in National Lyrics, and Songs for Music, 1834.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Cocussus

From volume 4 of the work.
(Cocusus, Cocussus, Cocusus).
A titular see of Armenia. It was a Roman station on the road from Cilicia to Caesarea, and belonged first to Cappadocia and later to Armenia Secunda. St. Paul the Confessor, Patriarch of Constantinople, was exiled thither by Constantius and put to death by the Arians in 350 (Socrates, Hist. Eccl., II, xxvi). It was also the place of exile to which St. John Chrysostom was banished by Arcadius; his journey, often interrupted by fever, lasted seventeen days (Sozomen, Hist., eccl., VIII, xxii). The great doctor was received most kindly by the bishop and a certain Dioscurus. He lived three years at Cocussus (404-407), and wrote thence many letters to the deaconess Olympias and his friends. The Greek panegyric of St. Gregory the Illuminator, Apostle of Armenia, attributed to St. John Chrysostom (Migne, P.G., LXIII, 943), is not authentic; an Armenian text, edited by Alishan (Venice, 1877), may be genuine. Cocussus appears in the "Synecdemus" of Hierccles and in the "Notitiae episcopatuum", as late as the twelfth century, as a suffragan of Melitene. The name of St. John Chrysostom's host is unknown. Bishop Domnus was represented at Chalcedon in 451. Longinus subscribed the letter of the bishops of Armenia Secunda to Emperor Leo in 458. John subscribed at Constantinople in 553 for his metropolitan. Another John was present at the Trullan Council in 692 (Lequien, I, 452). The army of the first crusaders passed by Cocussus. In the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries there were Armenian bishops of Cocussus. It is today a village called Guksun by the Turks, Kokison by the Armenians, in the caza of Hadjin, villayet of Adana. The site is most picturesque, but the climate is very severe during winter, owing to the altitude, 4000 feet above the level of the sea.
Ramsay, Hist. Geogr. Of Asia Minor, passim; Alishan, Sissouan (Venice, 1899), 217-21.
S. Pétridès.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Codex

From volume 4 of the work.
Codex, the name given to a manuscript in leaf form, distinguishing it from a roll. The codex seems to have come into use about the beginning of the fourth century; the material ordinarily employed in it was parchment, but discovery has shown that papyrus was sometimes used in the making of codices, though really too brittle to be a satisfactory material. The great manuscripts of the Bible are in codex form and generally of parchment; hence the name, Codex Vaticanus etc. For convenience' sake, we group here the four great codices of the Greek Bible, Vaticanus, Sinaiticus, Alexandrinus, and Ephraemi, together with the Greek Codex Bezae, so remarkable for it's textual peculiarities; also, Codex Amiatinus, the greatest manuscript of the Vulgate. For other codices, see Manuscripts of the Bible, or the particular designation, as Armagh, Book of; Kells, Book of; etc.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Christóbal Morales

From volume 16 of the work.
A composer, born at Seville, 2 Jan., 1512; died at Málaga, 14 June, 1553. From 1 Sept., 1535, to 4 April, 1540, he was a member of the papal choir. Formed in the Netherland School, he belonged to that group of distinguished Spaniards -- da Vittoria, de Baema, del Encina, Ribera, Peñalosa, and others -- whose musical achievements in the sixteenth century won for their country a renown which has since declined. His style is original in a marked degree. Many contrapuntal devices invented by him came into general use after his time. Among his compositions are numerous masses for four, five, and six voices, settings of the "Lamentations" for four and six voices, a large number of motets for from three to six voices, and settings of the "Magnificat" according to the Gregorian modes for four and six voices. The latter are considered by Ambros to be Morales' most finished works. Besides the papal archives, where five masses, his "Lamentations", "Magnificats", and a number of other works are preserved, Proske's "Musica divina" and Eslava's "Lira sacra" contain works of the master. In Wooldridge's "Oxford History of Music" (Vol. II) is reproduced a three-part motet which offers a striking example of the style of this composer.
WOOLDRIDGE, Oxford History of Music (Oxford, 1905); AMBROS, Gesch. der Musik, II, III, IV, V (Leipzig, 1881); HABERL, Bausteine für Musikgeschichte, II, III (Leipzig, 1888).
JOSEPH OTTEN
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Christopher Numar of Forli

From volume 16 of the work.
Minister general of the Friars Minor and cardinal, date of birth uncertain; d. at Ancona, 23 Mar., 1528. In his youth he studied at Bologna and, after joining the Friars Minor, was sent to complete his studies at Paris. In 1507 he was elected vicar provincial of his order at Bologna, in 1514 vicar general of the Cismontane Franciscan families, and in 1517 he became minister general of the whole order of Friars Minor. Less than a month later he was raised, in spite of his protests, to the cardinalate by Leo X, who in presence of the Sacred College paid a splendid tribute to Christopher's great learning and prudence and to his still greater holiness of life. In 1520 he became Bishop of Alatri and Isernia in Italy, and in 1526 of Riez in Provence. He subsequently fulfilled with eminent success the office of Apostolic legate to the King of France, and later became Apostolic nuncio and commissary for the construction of the Vatican Basilica, being then invested with the temporal dominion of Bertinoro. During the siege of Rome by the soldiers of the Duke of Bourbon in 1527 Christopher suffered many hardships and insults, on account of which he received letters of condolence from Clement VII, Francis I of France, and Henry VIII of England. His remains were transferred from Ancona, where he had taken refuge, to Rome, and placed in the Church of Ara Coeli. Besides an "Exhortatio ad Galliarum regem Franciscum I in Turcas" and a number of letters addressed to that king and the other rulers concerning the liberation of Clement VII, Christopher is said by Wadding and others to have written several treatises on theological and ascetical questions, all of which appear to have perished during the sacking of Rome.
WADDING, Annales Minorum ad annum 1517, XVI, nn. xxiv and xxxv; SBARALEA, Supplementum, Pt. I (1908), 207; PICCONI, Cenni biografice sugli uomini illustri della francescana provincia di Bologna, I (1894), 380.
PASCHAL ROBINSON
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Christopher Royas de Spinola

From volume 14 of the work.
Bishop of Wiener-Neustadt, born of a noble Spanish family, near Roermond in Gelderland in 1626; died at Wiener-Neustadt, 12 March, 1695. Educated at Cologne, he entered the Franciscan Order at that place and for some time taught philosophy and theology. Going to Spain, he was made provincial of his order, and in 1661 accompanied Margaret Theresa, the first wife of Emperor Leopold I, to Vienna, where he became one of the emperor's influential diplomats. He was appointed titular Bishop of Knin in Dalmatia in 1668 and Bishop of Wiener-Neustadt, 19 January, 1686. In his endeavours to bring about a reunion between Protestants and the Catholic Church he had the support of Leopold I. His negotiations with well-known Protestant theologians, such as Molanus, Callistus, Leibniz, etc., and various Protestant courts, especially Hanover and Brandenburg, were encouraged by Innocent XI, and in 1683 led to a conference of Protestant theologians to whom Spinola submitted his plan of reunion. The plan was apparently approved by the Protestant theologians, but French influence and Spinola's too liberal concessions induced Innocent XI to take no action. On 20 March, 1691, the emperor appointed Spinola commissary-general of the movement for ecclesiastical reunion in Austria-Hungary. The extreme concessions which he now made to the Protestants of Austria-Hungary, such as Communion under both species, freedom for priests to marry, Mass in the German language, and suspension of the Tridentine decrees until a new council was held, were rejected by Rome.
LANDWEHR, Spinolas Unionsbestrebungen in Brandenburg in Märkische Forschungen, XX (Berlin, 1887); KIESL, Der Friedensplan des Leibniz zur Wiedervereinigung der getrennten christlichen Kirchen (Paderborn, 1904); KNÖPFLER in Allg. Deutsche Biog., XXXV, 202-4.
MICHAEL OTT
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Christopher Norton

From volume 11 of the work.
Martyr; executed at Tyburn, 27 May, 1570. His father was Richard Norton of Norton Conyers, Yorkshire, and his mother, Susan Neville, daughter of Richard, second Baron Latimer Richard Norton, known as "Old Norton", was the head of his illustrious house, which remained faithful to the Catholic religion. Despite this fact he held positions of influence during the reigns of Henry VIII and Edward VI, was Governor of Norham Castle under Mary, and in 1568-69 was sheriff of Yorkshire. He had been pardoned for joining in the Pilgrimage of Grace, but he and his brother Thomas, his nine sons, of whom Christopher was the seventh, and many of their relatives hastened to take part in the northern uprising of 1569. He was attainted and fled to Flanders with four of his sons, two of his sons were pardoned, another apostatized, Christopher and his father's brother having been captured proved themselves steadfast Catholics, were hanged, disemboweled, and quartered. Edmund, who apostatized, and a sister are the subject of Wordsworth's "White Doe of Rylstone".
SARTERS, Hist. of Durham, I, clx; LINGARD, Hist. of Eng. (ed. 1849), VI, 195; Records of English Catholics I, ii.
Blanche M. Kelly.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Chronicle of Melrose

From volume 10 of the work.
(CHRONICA DE MAILROS)
It opens with the year 735, ends abruptly in 1270, and is founded solely upon the Cottonian Manuscript, Faustina B. ix, in the British Museum, the only ancient copy preserved. All others are transcripts from this one original. The names of its authors are unknown, but some expressions used by them prove this chronicle to have been written in the abbey, whilst evidence from writing shows it to have been the work of monks who were inmates of Melrose in successive periods. The first portion, namely from the commencement to about the year 1140, is a compilation from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and other existing histories by Simeon of Durham and Hoveden. This portion should, therefore, be used with caution. The second portion, namely from about the year 1140 to the abrupt termination of the Chronicle in 1270, is considered by historians to be possessed of the highest credibility. The information is then quite original and the numerous and progressive variations in the handwriting show that it is generally, if not always, contemporaneous. The Manuscript, now in the British Museum, was probably carried off from Melrose at the time of the Reformation. It was edited in 1835 by J. Stevenson, S.J., for the Bannatyne Club. The Oxford edition issued in 1684 by Fulman is by no means satisfactory, as the editor had no opportunity of collating the Oxford transcript with the original. Besides its chronicle, Melrose has handed down hundreds of charters and royal writs, dating from the reign of David I to that of Bruce, and forming a most valuable collection, rich in illustrations of the social life and economy of the period. They were edited by Author:Cosmo Innes.
STEVENSON, Chronica de Mailros (Edinburgh, 1835); INNES, Liber de S. Marie de Melros (Edinburgh, 1837); DOUGLAS, History of Roxburghshire.
W. FORBES-LEITH.
# Aviation Accident Report: Western Air Lines Flight 636/Supplemental Data

S U P P L E M E N T A LD A T A
Investigation and Hearing
First notification of this accident to the Civil Aeronautics Board was received by Investigator S. R. Mitchell at his home in Oakland, California, at about 2315 on April 20, 1953. An investigation was immediately initiated in accordance with the provisions of Section 702 (a) (2) of the Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938, as amended. A public hearing was ordered by the Board and was held at the Alameda Hotel, Alameda, California, on May 21 and 22, 1953.
Air Carrier
Western Air Lines, Inc., is a scheduled air carrier incorporated in the state of Delaware with its principal business office at Los Angeles, California. It operates under a currently effective certificate of public convenience and necessity issued by the Civil Aeronautics Board and an air carrier operating certificate issued by the Civil Aeronautics Administration. These certificates authorize the company to transport by air persons and property over numerous routes within the continental limits of the United States and certain points in the Dominion of Canada, including that between Los Angeles, San Francisco and Oakland, California.
Flight Personnel
Captain Robert E. Clark, age 36, held a currently effective airline transport certificate with an appropriate rating for the subject aircraft. Ee had been continuously employed by Western Air Lines, Inc., since April 1940. His total flying time was 11,500 hours, of which 79 had been in Douglas DC-6B aircraft.
First Officer Robert C. Jacobson, age 32, held a currently effective airline transport certificate with appropriate rating for the subject aircraft. He had been employed by the company as a pilot since September 1946. His total flying time was 3,100 hours, of which about 38 had been as copilot on Douglas DC-6B aircraft.
The other crew members consisted of Flight Engineer Robert R. League, age 36, and Stewardesses Barbara Brew and Beverlee Nelson.
The Aircraft
N 91303 was a Douglas DC-6B, manufactured by the Douglas Aircraft Company in 1952. Its total operational time was 826.04 hours. The engines were Pratt & Whitney R-2800-CB16 equipped with Hamilton Standard propellers.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Aviation Accident Report: Zantop Logair Flight 60-16/Supplemental Data

SUPPLEMENTAL DATA
Investigation
The Civil Aeronautics Board was notified of the accident immediately after occurrence. An investigation was started at once in accordance with the provisions of Title VII of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958, as amended.
Air Carrier
Zantop Air Transport, Inc., is a Supplemental Air Carrier incorporated in the State of Michigan. It holds a currently effective interim certificate for supplemental air transportation and a temporary certificate of convenience and necessity for supplemental air transportation issued by the Civil Aeronautics Board. It also holds an air carrier operating certificate issued by the Federal Aviation Agency. LOGAIR flights are performed by this corporation under a contract with the United States Air Force.
Flight Personnel
Captain Laurence H. Wenzel, age 42, was employed by Zantop Air Transport, Inc., in April 1962. He held a valid air transport pilot certificate with ratings in C-46 aircraft. Captain Wenzel had a total of 7,003 hours, 1,133 hours of which were in C-46 type aircraft, and had flown 204 hours in the last 90 days. His last proficiency check in a C-46 was August 20, 1962. He held a first-class medical certificate, without waivers, dated January 30, 1962.
First Officer Clarence B. Miller, age 28, was employed by Zantop Air Transport, Inc., in 1962. He held a valid commercial pilot certificate with no type rating. His commercial license was for single engine land with instrument rating. First Officer Miller had 2,133 hours total time, 300 hours of which were in the C-46 and had flown 229 hours in the preceding 90 days. His last proficiency check was dated August 12, 1962, and was given in a C-46. He held a first-class medical certificate, without waivers, dated May 30, 1962.
Aircraft
N 616Z a Curtiss-Wright C-46F, serial No. 22590 was owned and operated by Zantop Air Transport, Inc. It had flown a total of 17,683 hours and was manufactured in 1942. The last major overhaul inspection was performed at 5,076 hours. Zantop maintenance records indicate that the last preflight check was performed on February 16, 1963. The aircraft had flown a total of 80 hours since the last numbered check, (#2), completed on February 16, 1963. The aircraft was equipped with two Pratt and Whitney R-2800-75 engines which had flown 228 hours since overhaul. Two Hamilton Standard model 23E5-50 propellers with blade type 649B1B-6 were installed. The No. 1 propeller had flown 228 hours since overhaul and the No. 2 propeller 80 hours.