OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Aldrich, Thomas Bailey

​ALDRICH, Thomas Bailey, poet and novelist, was born at Portsmouth, N. H., Nov. 11, 1837. Until he was thirteen he spent a part of each year in New Orleans, after which he made his home with his grandfather at Portsmouth, and in 1853 went to New York to begin his business life. He entered a counting-house, and began to write for publication, and his ballad of "Baby Bell," which appeared in a newspaper when the author was nineteen years old, was copied and quoted so widely that he immediately attained a literary reputation. He abandoned commercial for literary pursuits, and quickly gained prominence as a writer. He contributed to the leading magazines and the New York papers, and in 1856 filled a place on the editorial staff of the New York Home Journal. In 1865 Mr. Aldrich removed to Boston to assume the editorship of Every Saturday. This periodical ceased to exist in 1874, and he became a regular contributor to and, in 1881, editor of the Atlantic Monthly, resigning that position in 1892, to apply himself to general literary work. He became as well known in other English-speaking countries as America. Several of his prose books were translated into French, Spanish, German, and Danish. Hawthorne wrote of it: "I have been reading some of Aldrich's poems this evening. I find them rich, sweet and imaginative in such a degree that I am sorry not to have fresher sympathies, in order to taste all the delights that every reader ought to draw from them. I was conscious here and there of a delicacy that I hardly dared to breathe upon." He married in 1865 Lillian Woodman, of New York, and they resided on Mt. Vernon street in Boston, with summer homes at Ponkapog, Mass., and on the Maine coast. He received the honorary degree of A.M. from Yale in 1881, and from Harvard in 1896, and Litt.D. from Yale in October, 1901. He is the author of the following books: "The Bells: A Collection of Chimes" (1855); "Daisy's Necklace, and What Came of It" (1857), "The Course of True Love Never Did Run Smooth" (1858); "The Ballad of Babie Bell and Other Poems" (1859); "Pampinea and Other Poems" (1861); "Out of his Head" (1862); "Poems" (1863); "The Poems of Thomas Bailey Aldrich" (1865); "Père Antoine's Date Palm" (1866); "Pansy's Wish: A Christmas Fantasy" (1870); "The Story of a Bad Boy" (1870); "Marjory Daw and Other People" (1873); "Cloth of Gold and Other Poems" (1874); "Prudence Palfrey" (1874); "Later Poems" (1876); "Flower and Thorn" (1877); "The Queen of Sheba" (1877); "The Stillwater Tragedy" (1880); "Friar Jerome's Beautiful Book" (1881); "The Poems of Thomas Bailey Aldrich" (1882); "From Ponkapog to Pesth" (1883); "Mercedes and Later Lyrics" (1884); "The Poems of Thomas Bailey Aldrich" (1885); "The Second Son" (1888); "Wyndham Towers" (1890); "The Sister's Tragedy: with Other Poems, Lyrical and Dramatic" (1891); "An Old Town by the Sea" (1893); "Two Bites at a Cherry; with Other Tales" (1894); "Unguarded Gates and Other Poems" (1895); "Judith and Holofernes" (1896).
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Alemany, Joseph Sadoc

​ALEMANY, Joseph Sadoc, R. C. archbishop, was born at Vich, Catalonia, Spain, July 13, 1814. In 1821 he entered the Dominican order and pursued his theological studies at the convents of Trumpt and Garona. After his ordination at Viterbo in Italy, 1837, he was master of novices, ​which office he filled until he was appointed assistant pastor of the church of Minerva in Rome; here he remained until 1841, when he joined the American mission. The first years of his missionary work were spent in Nashville and Memphis, Tenn. In 1847 he was made provincial of the order of Dominicans in the state of Ohio. In 1850 his abilities attracted the attention of the papal court during his presence at the general chapter of the order, and he was consecrated bishop of Monterey by Cardinal Franzoni in the church of San Carlo. Leaving Rome immediately, he brought to his new see religious of both sexes, with whose aid he founded various institutions of learning in California. In 1853 he was elevated to the see of San Francisco as its first archbishop. In 1883 he resigned his office and retired to a convent in Valencia, Spain, intending to devote the remainder of his life to the rehabilitation of the Dominican order in Spain, and died there April 14, 1888. He wrote a "Life of St. Dominick."
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Alexander, Abraham

​ALEXANDER, Abraham, statesman, was born near Raleigh, N. C., in 1718. He was a member of the colonial legislature before 1775, and when that year the royalist governor attempted to oppose the people in their right of free speech, he was elected president of an indignation meeting held in the court house at Charlotte, at the call of Col. Thomas Polk. He was made permanent chairman of the subsequent meeting held May 31, 1775, that issued the Mecklenburg declaration of independence, providing for a republican form of government, and renouncing allegiance to Great Britain. This was nearly a year before the Declaration signed at Philadelphia, July 4, 1776. This document was transmitted to Philadelphia in August, 1775, by a special messenger, after having been read in mass meetings to the people in different parts of the state. Mr. Alexander died at Charlotte, N. C, April 23, 1776.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Alexander, Archer

​ALEXANDER, Archer, hero, was born near Richmond, Va., about 1810, a slave, and in 1831 was taken to Missouri by his master. In 1861, at the breaking out of the civil war, he performed a very heroic deed. Learning that a detachment of Federal troops was to pass over a railroad bridge, the timbers of which he knew to have been cut in order to wreck the train, Alexander, at the hazard of his life, gave the information to a prominent Union man, thus preventing disaster to the detachment. He was suspected of doing this, and was taken prisoner by a committee of Confederate sympathizers, but escaped, fleeing to St. Louis, where he obtained employment under protection of the Federal provost-marshal. In the bronze group, "Freedom's Memorial," in the capitol grounds in Washington, he was the model of Thomas Ball the sculptor, from which "The Freedman" in the group was made. See "The story of Archer Alexander." He died in St. Louis, Dec. 8, 1879.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Aldrich, Leander Jefferson

​ALDRICH, Leander Jefferson, educator, was born in Conklinville, N.Y., May 21, 1851; son of Hudson and Sarah (Johnson) Aldrich; grandson of Benoni Aldrich and of John Johnson, and a descendant of the Scotch and English Puritans. He was graduated from Oberlin college, in 1880, and from Oberlin theological seminary in 1885. He was engaged in teaching from 1873, was professor of psychology, literature and pedagogy at Union Christian college, Merom, Ind., from 1885, and was president of that college from 1887. He received the degree of D.D. from Elon college, N.C, in 1893.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Aldrich, William Farrington

​ALDRICH, William Farrington, representative, was born in Palmyra, N.Y., March 11, 1853; son of William and Louisa (Klapp) Aldrich; grandson of Nathan Aldrich, and a descendant of Bishop Aldrich of Oxford, England. He was educated at the public schools of Palmyra, removed with his father to New York city in 1865, and was graduated in civil engineering at Warren's military academy, Poughkeepsie, N.Y., in 1873. In 1874 he removed to Alabama, where he engaged in mining and established the mining town of Aldrich in Shelby county, Ala. He was nominated by the Republicans and endorsed by the Populists in 1894 as representative from the 4th district of Alabama in the 54th congress. The certificate of election was given to his Democratic opponent, Gaston A. Robbins, and Mr. Aldrich contested the seat on the ground of fraud in the returns and March 13, 1896, he was seated, serving till the close of the 54th congress, March 3, 1897. He was renominated for the 55th congress and claimed re-election in 1896. Thomas Scales Plowman, Democrat, was given the certificate and Mr. Aldrich again successfully contested the election, and was seated Feb. 9, 1898. In 1898 he was a candidate for the 56th congress, and his opponent, F. A. Robbins, received the certificate of election, claiming it by 1230 majority. Mr. Aldrich again contested the seat before the committee on privileges and elections in the 56th congress, where the case was decided in his favor, and he served 1899-1901.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Alexander, Archibald

​ALEXANDER, Archibald, educator, was born in Rockbridge county, Va., April 17, 1772, son of William Alexander, a farmer of means, who gave him an academic education under William Graham in the celebrated school founded by his great-uncle, Robert Alexander in 1749, and then known as "Liberty Hall." This school was the germ of Washington and Lee university. During the great revival of 1789-'90 Archibald turned his attention to religious study, was ordained by the presbytery of Hanover, and preached several years as an itinerant pastor over several churches in Charlotte and Prince Edward's counties. He was elected president of Hampden-Sidney college in 1796, serving until a revolt among the students forced him to retire in 1806. In 1802 he was married to Janetta, daughter of the Rev. Dr. Waddel, the blind preacher, immortalized by William Wirt. He acted as pastor of the old Vine street Presbyterian church of Philadelphia from 1807 to 1812, when he became leading professor in Princeton theological seminary, the first theological professor elected by the general assembly of the Presbyterian church. He opened the seminary with three students, and in a few years, as the number of professorships increased, he was able to confine his work to didactic and polemic theology. He had been moderator of the general assembly in 1808, and in his annual sermon before that body had advised the establishment of a theological seminary. This led to the foundation of the seminary at Princeton in 1812. There he founded the chair of Christian ethics and apologetics, and after his retirement it became known as the Archibald Alexander chair. For nearly forty years he labored in this field, shaping the views and character of hundreds of preachers. He possessed extraordinary powers as a pulpit orator and in polemics, so popular in his day. His first published work was, "A Brief Outline of the Evidences of the Christian Religion" (1823), widely translated and largely used as a text-book. He prepared a pocket edition of the Holy Bible in 1831. In 1833 he followed it with: "The Canons of the Old and New Testament Ascertained;" "Lives of the Patriarchs" (1835); "Essays on Religious Experiences" (1840); "Evidences of the Authenticity and Canonical Authority of the Holy Scriptures," 5th ed. (1836); "History of African Colonization" (1846); "History of the Log Cabin" (1843); "History of the Israelitish Nation" (1852); "Outlines of Moral Science" (1858); and minor works. He died at Princeton, N.J., Oct. 22, 1851.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Alexander, DeAlva Stanwood

​ALEXANDER, DeAlva Stanwood, representative, was born in Richmond, Maine, July 17, 1846; son of Stanwood and Priscilla (Brown) ​Alexander; grandson of Campbell and Margaret (Stanwood) Alexander, and a descendant on his mother's side of George Brown, who came from England to Plymouth in 1635. He served as a private in the Union army, 1862-'65, was prepared for college at the Edward Little institute in Auburn, Maine, and was graduated from Bowdoin college in 1870. He settled in Indianapolis, Ind.; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1877, practising in partnership with the Hon. Stanton J. Peele until 1881, when he was appointed fifth auditor of the treasury department, serving until 1885. He removed to Buffalo, N.Y., in 1885, and formed a law partnership with the Hon. James A. Roberts, and was United States attorney for the northern district of New York, 1889-'93. He was a Republican representative from the 33d New York district in the 55th, 56th and 57th congresses, 1897-1903.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Tilden, Samuel Jones

Edition of 1879. See also Samuel J. Tilden on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
TILDEN, Samuel Jones, an American lawyer, born in New Lebanon, Columbia co., N. Y., Feb. 9, 1814. He entered Yale college in 1833, but completed his course at the university of New York, and was admitted to the bar. He was a member of the state constitutional convention of 1846, and also of assembly, and did much to shape the canal policy of the state. In 1855 he was defeated as democratic candidate for the office of attorney general of the state. In 1866 he was chosen chairman of the state democratic committee, and in 1867 was a member of the constitutional convention. In 1869-'70 he was active in the organization of the bar association. In 1870-'71 he was prominent in detecting important frauds in the government of New York city, and in 1872 was a member of assembly. In November, 1874, he was elected governor of New York by 50,317 majority. He has been counsel in many important cases, prominent among which are the Flagg contested election for the comptrollership of New York city in 1855; the Burdell heirs against Mrs. Cunningham in 1857; the Cumberland coal case in 1858; and the Delaware and Hudson canal company against the Pennsylvania coal company in 1863.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Tehama

Edition of 1879. See also Tehama County, California on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ TEHAMA, a N. county of California, lying between the Sierra Nevada and the Coast range, and intersected by the Sacramento river; area, 2,800 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 3,587, of whom 294 were Chinese. Lassen's peak, in the N. E. corner, is 10,577 ft. high. The E. portion is partly rocky and barren and partly covered with forests of pine. In the west are several well watered and fertile valleys. Some gold is found in the Sierra Nevada, and salt and medicinal springs of great value in the Coast range. The Oregon division of the Central Pacific railroad traverses it. The chief productions in 1870 were 404,722 bushels of wheat, 108,323 of barley, 445,456 lbs. of wool, 68,185 of butter, 33,000 gallons of wine, and 6,549 tons of hay. There were 3,069 horses, 2,157 milch cows, 9,408 other cattle, 130,868 sheep, and 19,459 swine; 3 flour mills, 6 saw mills, and 2 manufactories of gloves and mittens. Capital, Red Bluff.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Thoreau, Henry David

Edition of 1879. See also Henry David Thoreau on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
THOREAU, Henry David, an American author, born in Concord, Mass., July 12, 1817, died there, May 6, 1862. He graduated at Harvard college in 1837, and after teaching school for a short time became a land surveyor. In this pursuit he worked no more than was necessary to gain the means for his simple wants, and devoted most of his time to reading, writing, pedestrian excursions, and study. Emerson says of him: “Few lives contain so many renunciations. He was bred to no profession; he never married; he lived alone; he never went to church; he never voted; he refused to pay a tax to the state; he ate no flesh, he drank no wine; he never knew the use of tobacco; and, though a naturalist, he used neither trap nor gun.” In 1845 he built a small frame house on the shore of Walden pond, Concord, and lived in it alone for two years, working and studying. He published “A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers” (Boston, 1849), and “Walden, or Life in the Woods” (1854). After his death were published “Excursions in Field and Forest,” with a biographical sketch by R. W. Emerson (1863); “The Maine Woods” (1864); “Cape Cod” (1865); “Letters to Various Persons,” with nine poems (1865); and “A Yankee in Canada,” with anti-slavery and reform papers (1866). — See “Thoreau, the Poet-Naturalist,” by William Ellery Channing (Boston, 1873).
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Tegnér, Esaias

Edition of 1879. See also Esaias Tegnér on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ TEGNÉR, Esaias, a Swedish poet, born at Kirkerud, Wermland, Nov. 13, 1782, died in Wexiö, Nov. 2, 1846. He was the son of a clergyman who had assumed the name of Tegnér after his native village of Tegnaby. He graduated at the university of Lund in 1802, and became teacher of æsthetics and librarian there, and in 1812 professor of Greek. In 1818 he was elected to the academy of sciences and took his degree in divinity, and in 1824 he became bishop of Wexiö. His works include Svea (1811); Nattvards Barnen (“The Children of the Lord's Supper,” 1820), Longfellow's version of which (1841) was regarded by Tegnér as the best of all the translations; Axel (1821); and Frithiofs Saga (1825), based upon Icelandic sagas. The last has been repeatedly set to music, and translated into many languages. Among the latest versions are Count Leinburg's in German (Frankfort, 1873), Leopold Hamel's in English (London, 1875), and Victor Wilder's in French, set to music by Max Bruch (Paris, 1875). A complete collection of Tegnér's published works was edited and his biography written by his son-in-law Böttiger (7 vols., Stockholm, 1847-'51; new ed., 1871 et seq.); and a collection of his posthumous writings has been made by Elof Tegnér (3 vols., 1874). His correspondence has also been recently published. A colossal statue of Tegnér was erected at Lund in 1853.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Tennessee River

TENNESSEE RIVER, the largest tributary of the Ohio, formed by the union of the Clinch and Holston rivers, which rise in S.W. Virginia, and unite near Kingston, Roane co., Tenn. At first the course of the Tennessee is S.W. to Chattanooga, near the S. line of the state, where it passes through a part of the Cumberland range of mountains in a series of bends, and again turns S.W., entering the state of Alabama, and at Gunter's Landing, Marshall co., Ala., assumes a direction nearly W. by N. Between Lauderdale and Lawrence counties it spreads in a broad but shallow expansion called Muscle shoals, flowing over flint and limestone rocks in a succession of rapids for 36 m., and affording a large amount of water power. It afterward passes near Tuscumbia and Florence, on opposite sides, and at Chickasaw on the Mississippi line turns N.W., and forms the boundary thence to the Tennessee line between Alabama and Mississippi. Reëntering Tennessee, after a circuit of nearly 300 m. in Alabama, it flows almost due N. till it reaches Birmingham, Ky., when it turns W.N.W. and enters the Ohio at Paducah, McCracken co., 50 m. from the mouth of the latter. Its length from Kingston to Paducah is estimated at 800 m., but from the source of its longest affluent, the Holston, it is more than 1,100 m. Its principal tributaries are the Sequatchie,
Paint Rock, Flint, and Duck rivers, and Elk and Shoal creeks, entering it from the right; and the Hiawassee, Big Sandy, and Clark's rivers, and Town and Big Bear creeks, from the left. The fall of the river in its whole course is computed at about 2,000 ft. It is navigable from the Muscle shoals to its entrance into the Ohio, 259 m.; and above the shoals steamboats ascend to Knoxville, nearly 500 m. The scenery on the upper portion of the river is very beautiful. Darby estimates the area drained by the Tennessee and its tributaries at 41,000 sq. m.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Tegea

Edition of 1879. See also Tegea on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ TEGEA, an ancient city of Greece, in the S. E. part of Arcadia. Its territory was called Tegeatis. It is mentioned in the Iliad. Its early history was marked by a constant war with the Spartans, and about 560 B. C. it fell into their hands. About 500 Tegeans fought at Thermopylæ, and 3,000 at Platæa. Tegea became a member of the Arcadian confederacy after the battle of Leuctra (371), and subsequently of the Ætolian league. After the Roman conquest of Greece it continued to be a place of considerable importance, but about A. D. 400 was totally destroyed by Alaric. Its remains, found near the village of Peali, about 4 m. from Tripolitza, consist of broken columns, friezes, and architraves, and a church in ruins.
# The Book of Scottish Song/My only jo and dearie, O

My only jo and dearie, O.
[This song is the production of Richard Gall, a young man who was brought up to the business of a compositor in Edinburgh, but who died in 1801, in the twenty-fifth year of his age. He was born at Linkhouse near Dunbar. After his death, a collection of his poetical pieces was published by Messrs. Oliver & Boyd, with a Memoir by the Rev. Alex. Stewart.]
Thy cheek is o' the rose's hue, My only jo and dearie, O; Thy neck is o' the siller dew Upon the bank sae brierie, O. Thy teeth are o' the ivory; O sweet's the twinkle o' thine ee: Nae joy, nae pleasure, blinks on me, My only jo and dearie, O.
The birdie sings upon the thorn Its sang o' joy, fu' cheerie, O, Rejoicing in the simmer morn, Nae care to mak' it eerie, O; Ah! little kens the sangster sweet Aught o' the care I ha'e to meet, That gars my restless bosom beat, My only jo and dearie, O.
When we were bairnies on yon brae, And youth was blinkin' bonnie, O, Aft we wad daff the lee-lang day, Our joys fu' sweet and monie, O. Aft I wad chase thee o'er the lee, And round about the thorny tree; Or pu' the wild flowers a' for thee, My only jo and dearie, O.
I ha'e a wish I canna tine, 'Mang a' the cares that grieve me, O, A wish that thon wert ever mine, And never mair to leave me, O; Then I would dawt thee night and day, Nae ither warldly care I'd ha'e, Till life's warm stream forgat to play, My only jo and dearie, O.
# The Book of Scottish Song/My heart's my ain

My heart’s my ain.
[This very sensible ditty of a young maiden was first printed in Herd's collection of 1776. It is adapted to a tune called "We'll kick the world before us."]
'Tis no very lang sinsyne, That I had a lad o' my ain; But now he's awa' to anither, And left me a' my lane. The lass he is courting has siller, And I ha'e nane at a', And 'tis nought but the love o' the tocher That's tane my lad awa'.
But I'm blythe that my heart's my ain, And I'll keep it a' my life, Until that I meet wi' a lad, Wha has sense to wale a good wife. For though I say't mysel', That should nae say't, 'tis true,
The lad that gets me for a wife He'll ne'er ha'e occasion to rue.
I gang aye fu' clean and fu' tosh, As a' the neighbours can tell, Though I've seldom a gown on my back, But sic as I spin mysel'; And when I'm clad in my curtsey, I think mysel' as braw As Susie, wi' her pearling, That's tane my lad awa'.
But I wish they were buckl'd thegither, And may they live happy for life; Though Willie now slights me, an's left me, The chiel he deserves a gudewife. But, O! I am blythe that I miss'd him, As blythe as I weel can be; For ane that's sae keen o' the siller, Would never agree wi' me.
But the truth is, I am aye hearty, I hate to be scrimpit or scant; The wee thing I ha'e I'll mak' use o't, And there's nane about me shall want: For I'm a gude guide o' the warld, I ken when to haud and to gi'e; But whinging and cringing for siller Would never agree wi' me.
Contentment is better than riches, And he wha has that has enough; The master is seldom sae happy As Robin that drives the plough. But if a young lad wad cast up, To mak' me his partner for life, If the chiel has the sense to be happy, He'll fa' on his feet for a wife.