# Life and Journals of Kah-ke-wa-quo-nā-by/Chapter VII

* CHAPTER VII.
EARLY this morning Brother Case and the two boys left us for Philadelphia, with his request for us to follow him next week. Read over the proof sheet of our Indian hymn book. — Friday, April 3rd.
Sunday 5th. — At half-past 10, a. m., I spoke to an attentive congregation at Williamsburgh, and at 3, p. m., in Forsyth Street Church on the conversion of the jailer, Acts xvi. In the evening heard the Rev. Dr. Barrett preach in John Street Church front Jude 3. I spoke a few words after him, and closed the meeting.
Wednesday 8th. — At 8 a. m., I took stage for Trenton, and there I went on board a steamer for Philadelphia, where I arrived in the evening, and received a welcome reception from Mr. Samuel Chubb and family. In the evening I went to a love feast in Ebenezer Church.
Thursday 9th. — At 12 o'clock I left by steamboat for Baltimore, where I arrived about 3, a. m., and found Brother Case at the house of Mr. Brown.
Friday 10th. — Viewed some of the public buildings in this city of marble monuments. The Exchange is a vast, splendid building. This is the handsomest city I have ever seen. The streets are regularly laid out, and the houses are three or four stories high, built principally of brick, many of them with marble porticoes. In the evening we held a meeting in Light Street Church. Brother Case gave an address, then our two Indian boys sang, spelled, and read. I gave an account ​of my conversion to God. When the meeting was dismissed, crowds of the people pressed forward to the altar in order to shake hands with us with expressions of christian affection and gratitude to God for what they had seen and heard. I said to myself, “These people have very warm hearts.”
Sunday 12th. — At half-past 1, p. m., I preached to a large congregation in Light Street Church from Mark xvi. 15. The people paid the greatest attention throughout the meeting. Brother Case made a few remarks. A collection was made for our Missions. At 3, p. m., we met the Sunday School teachers and children at Eutaw Street Church, which was crammed to overflowing. There were more than 3,000 present. Brother Case and myself addressed them. The children appeared much pleased with what they heard from us. In the evening I endeavoured to preach at the Old Town Church from Isaiah xxxv. 1. I found it very hard to speak, on account of the close hot air; however, the people heard me patiently to the end.
Monday 13th. — In the afternoon we met the ladies in the Light Street Church. It was thought there were more than 2,000 ladies present, and it was truly an imposing sight. Brother Case and myself spoke at length, and told them the former and present state of the Indian women in Canada. This was one of the most interesting meetings we have had since we came to the States. The ladies seemed highly delighted with what they heard. A collection was made in aid of our Indian Missions. When the meeting was dismissed, the good sisters came forward to shake hands with their Indian friends. I never saw warmer hearted ladies before. God bless them, and hear their prayers in our behalf! In the evening we had a meeting in Caroline Street Church.
Tuesday 14th. — Received a number of presents from our friends here, in books and clothing for our Indian Missions. At half-past 2, I preached a short discourse to the Africans, in ​Sharp Street Church, from Luke xix. 10. The church was crowded with our coloured brethren. As soon as I got a little warm in my subject, a fleshy negress began to shout, which instantly followed by a host of others, and great was the rejoicing amongst us all. Brother Case also spoke to them, and our Indian boys repeated their lessons. A Mr. Lewis Wells, one of their coloured ministers, made a few remarks, and then took up a collection for our Indian Missions. My heart prayed for these poor simple-hearted Christians, and may the Gospel soon make them free Indeed! Amen. At 5, p. m., we proceeded to the steamer to go to Philadelphia. A great number of our friends followed us to the boat, and appeared reluctant to let us go. I shall never forget the kindness of our Baltimore friends. A warmer hearted people I never saw.
Thursday 16th. — Called on several friends. In the evening the Philadelphia Conference held their Annual Missionary Meeting in the Academy. Bishop Roberts presided, and opened the meeting by singing and prayer. The Rev. W. Case then gave a narration of the work of God amongst our Canadian Indians, after which our Indian children went through their lessons. I then gave an account of our former wretched state, and our present comparative happy condition, and concluded by giving a short relation of my own conversion. The Rev. Mr. Kennedy then gave us a most eloquent speech, which greatly warmed our hearts. A collection was taken up in behalf of the Society. Bishop Hedding dismissed the meeting with the benediction. All the good people appeared highly pleased with this meeting, which, I hope, may be lasting in its effects.
Friday 18th. — At 3, p. m., we held a meeting in Dr. Skinner's Church (Presbyterian). The congregation was very attentive during the services. A collection was taken up for our Missions, In the evening the Young Men's Missionary ​Meeting was held in St. George's Church. The President of the Society opened the meeting. One of the preachers then gave an appropriate address. Brother Case, the Indian boys, and myself also spoke. The Rev. George Cookman then delivered one of the most powerful and eloquent speeches I ever heard; he quite carried away the audience with him.
Saturday 18th. — In the morning called on a Quaker friend, by the name of Kite, at whose house I met my old friend Thos. Shillitoe, the Quaker minister, who two years ago paid us a visit at the River Credit. We both rejoiced. I was much interested in visiting this day the spot where the great and good Meegwun, William Penn, held his treaty with the Indians, under the shade of a large, spreading elm on the banks of the River Delaware. Here Governor W. Penn purchased the lands from the original proprietors, and entered into a treaty of peace and friendship, and I rejoice to know that both parties strictly observed the same. This is the only treaty with my countrymen which was never violated; for in all the wars which took place in subsequent years the natives never lifted a finger against the friends or people of Meegwun, or Penn.
Sunday 19th. — In the morning early we visited two Sunday Schools, at which we delivered addresses to the children. At 11 o'clock, a. m., heard Bishop McKendree preach from Matt. xxvi. 41. I was highly pleased and edified with this apostolic sermon. At the conclusion of the sermon, the Bishop ordained eight Elders. In the afternoon I preached from Mark xxi. 15, in Dr. Eley's Presbyterian church. Bro. Case also addressed the people. In the evening I tried to preach to a crowded congregation in Ebenezer church, from Acts xii. 41. The people paid great attention, and the Spirit of the Lord was present, and I hope some good was done. May God bless our labours!
Monday 20th. — At half-past 7 this morning, we took ​leave of our kind friends, the Chubb family, where we have been hospitably entertained during our stay in this splendid city. All the members of the family have missionary hearts. May the Lord pour his blessings upon them! I rejoice to say that we met with very kind receptions from all parties with whom we had intercourse. It is a pleasure to be amongst such a people. On board of the Steamer we held a short meeting. We gave the passengers an account of the work of God amongst our Indians in Canada, with which they appeared much pleased, and took up a collection for our Missions to the amount of $24. Arrived in New York at 7 o'clock in the evening, and were welcomed by our kind friend, Brother S. Martin.
Tuesday 21st. — Employed in writing, &c. Received a letter from my friend Col. Clench. In the evening we attended the Anniversary of the Young Men's Bible Society. Mr. Dissoway occupied the chair, and the meeting was addressed by Brother Case, the Indian boys and myself. It was a very interesting meeting to me, as this Society have resolved to pay for the printing of the Gospel of St. Mark in the Mohawk tongue. Slept at Mr. Hall's.
Wednesday 22nd. — In the forenoon, wrote a letter to Mr. George Ryerson, Missionary, at the Credit Mission. At 4, p. m., I left for Boston by steamboat, having received a pressing invitation from christian friends there. Our course was about east, along the Long Island Sound. Had a long talk with a white man who did not believe in the Bible, and said that there was no devil and no hereafter. I tried to show him the absurdity of his opinion and the danger to which he exposed himself in rejecting the word of God, &c. I was shocked to find an intelligent man so benighted and degraded as to disbelieve in the truth of Divine revelation. Surely this man with all his advantages, is a greater heathen than my poor ​pagan brethren in the woods. The Lord have mercy upon this poor white heathen!
Thursday 23rd. — About 10 o'clock this morning, we landed at the town of Providence. On going ashore. I met to my joy and surprise, Allan Salt and Enoch George Shawney, the two Indian boys who accompanied Miss Barnes. They were with Mr. John Barnes, a brother of Miss B. Met Miss B. at the Rev. Mr. Sanborne's. She informed me that since we parted they had been sick, which in a measure hindered the prosecution of their work. They, however, had held several meetings in the vicinity of Boston, and had received some aid for our Missions. In the evening I endeavoured to preach to a crowd in the Methodist Church, from Mark xvi. 15. The people heard with the greatest attention. The two Indian boys read, spelled, and sang. A collection was taken up for our Indian Missions. Brother Sanborne manifested a deep interest for the Missionary cause.
Friday 24th. — Early this morning Mr. J. Barnes and myself started by stage for Boston, where we arrived at 2, p. m., and received a kind reception from Rev. Mr. Martingdale. At 3, p. m., I preached in the Methodist Church, from Acts xiii. 41. The congregation was rather small on account of the uncertainty of my coming and the stormy weather. The people listened with great attention. The celebrated and eccentric Lorenzo Dow was present, and at the conclusion of my discourse, delivered an appropriate talk, with which I was much pleased. I had heard a great deal about this remarkable person, and he quite came up to the idea I had formed of him. He wore his beard long, and was clad in the plainest manner possible. He said he was glad to see me, and that he intended to go and see the converted Indians next summer. In the evening we again met in the church, when I gave a general statement of the conversion of our Indians in Canada, ​&c. Collections were made at both meetings, amounting to £39. Lodged with Brother Martingdale for the night.
Saturday 25th. — Took stage this morning for New Bedford. Stopped only one night in the city of Boston. Of course I had but little opportunity to see the wonders of this city. I was struck with its beautiful and romantic situation, and particularly with the splendid country seats in the suburbs. The streets, like New York, are very irregular. It appears to be a great commercial city. Arrived at New Bedford in the after- noon, and was kindly received at Brother Dyer's for the night.
Sunday 26th. — At 10, a. m., I heard Brother Kent preach from Isaiah xi. 10. When he got through I gave a short address. At 3, p. m., I endeavoured to preach from 2 Cor. x. 4. 5. The people paid good attention, and I trust good was done. In the evening I again spoke from Isaiah xxxv. 1.
Monday 27th. — In the evening held a meeting in the Unitarian Church. The Rev. Mr. Dury, the minister of this church, was very kind. The whole amount collected in this town was $56, beside some articles of clothing.
Tuesday 28th, — Arrived at Newport about noon, and was sorry to learn that there was no boat this day for New York; so I was obliged to tarry here until the next day. Was kindly entertained by Brother Chafee and family.
Wednesday 29th. — At 2, p. m., I went on board the steamer Benjamin Franklin and was glad to find Miss Barnes and the two Indian boys on board. During the evening, at the request of several of the passengers, I gave them a talk on our Missionary and School operations in Canada, and our Indian boys read and sang. The ladies and gentlemen were highly pleased with what they saw and heard, and a collection was taken up for our Indian schools amounting to $11.
Thursday 30th. — About 3 o'clock this morning one of the passengers, a Mr. Adams, son of the late President of the ​United States, was missing. His hat and cloak were found lying on the deck, and it was supposed that in a fit of insanity he leaped overboard. It was stated that he was one of those gentlemen who took a lively interest in our Indian addresses last evening. No one could give any clue as to the reasons why he had thus plunged himself into eternity. May God have mercy upon his soul! Arrived at New York at half-past 5, a. m., and met our Canadian party at Brother F. Hall's; all in health. At 4, p. m., we attended the Juvenile Missionary Society in Duane Street Church. The Rev. Mr. Ostrander, P. E., opened the meeting. The congregation was composed mostly of young persons, and it was truly a pleasing sight to see the rising generation engaged in such a great and noble cause. May the blessings of heaven rest upon them!
Friday, May 1st. — In the evening attended the Dorcas Missionary Society in John Street Church. Dr. Bangs opened the meeting by singing and prayer. Mr. Case then gave a short address, and led the Indian children in their exercises. Miss Barnes also spoke and related her christian experience, her trials and sufferings whilst labouring on our Indian Missions. I made a few remarks in my Indian costume. This Society is now educating four natives, viz : Turtlefield, a Cherokee, John Sunday, John Simpson, and Peter Jacobs, of the Chippeways in Canada. In addition to this, the Society has sent on to Canada a number of articles in clothing, &c, for our Missions. Mrs. F. Hall is the principal actress of this truly excellent Society.
Sunday 3rd. — In the morning visited the Sabbath School, and spoke a few words to the children. I then met the class, and we had a precious season of refreshing from the presence of the Lord. At 3, p. m., I preached from Luke xix. 10. Brother Ostrander exhorted. We had a pretty good time. In the evening I again preached to a large congregation from ​Isaiah xxxv. 1, The people listened with prayerful attention. Dr. Reese, of New York, exhorted and closed the meeting. A good time.
Monday 4th. — Returned this morning to New York, and began to make preparations for our return home to Canada. At 7 this evening we attended the anniversary of the Parent Missionary Society in John Street Church. Bishop Hedding presided and opened the meeting. Dr. Bangs read the Report, which stated that they had more than 2000 Indian converts under their charge. The Rev. W. Case gave an address, after which the Indian children said their lessons. I then gave a short talk, and exhibited a few cast-off idols, and explained their use and design, and the manner in which incantations were made by them. These idols were delivered up to me by a noted conjurer named Peter Omik. The object in showing these cast-off gods was to set forth the power of the Gospel in pulling down the strong holds of Indian superstition and idolatry, and thus to bring the red man of the forest to cast away his idols to the moles and bats. The Rev. S. Merwin then made a short speech, after which the Rev. George G. Cookman delivered a very interesting speech which warmed our hearts. A collection was made for the Society, and the meeting was dismissed. We were then invited to the house of Mr. F. Hall, where the Rev. W. Case was married to Miss Hetty Hubbard, the school teacher from Grape Island. The ceremony was performed by the Rev. Dr. Bangs. Mr. Moss was groomsman, and Miss Barnes was bridesmaid. Our Indian party were present, and having never before seen the white man's mode of celebrating matrimony, the Indian boys went to Miss Barnes and asked her if she was married to Mr. Moss, as they stood up with the happy couple. She told them she was not married to him.
Sunday 10th. — About noon at Utica, we had a meeting. ​Our Indian children read and sang, and Brother Case prayed, and I tried to preach. A good christian brother by the name of Giles, gave an interesting address and closed the meeting. Most of our hearers were very attentive, but some appeared quite indifferent to the things spoken. At 2, p. m., dinner was announced, when all rushed to the table like a herd of hungry swine around a trough of swill. I thought that these gentlemen were more greedy and hoggish than the wild Indians in the woods; for they would not allow their hunger to impel them to use such impetuosity to get to the eatables. Arrived at Utica at 3, p. m., and on landing we went directly to the Methodist Church, where a Quarterly Meeting was being held. There was a large congregation. The Rev. Mr. Porter preached on the duty of attending public worship. Brother Case exhorted, and then the Lord's Supper was administered to many rejoicing souls.
Tuesday 12th. — Arrived at Syracuse about 2 o'clock, a. m. Part of our company tarried here, whilst the others went on to Rochester, to return to us here again. We were kindly entertained by a Mr. Lovejoy, a brother-in-law of Mr. Case. We spent most of the day in viewing the famous salt works in this place. Part of the salt is made by evaporation, and some by boiling. The springs from which the water flows is near the shore of the Onondaga Lake, about a mile from the village of Syracuse. I was informed that the average price of salt here is one shilling, York, per bushel, or seven shillings, York, per barrel. It is from these works that Upper Canada is principally supplied with the necessary article. Saw a few of the Onondaga Indians, who live not many miles from this village. They appeared to be dissipated people, as all Indians are who reside near the white settlements, and have access to the firewater.
Wednesday 13th. — At 8, a. m., we left for Oswego by canal. Our course was northward. Packet boat travelling is pleasant, ​but rather dangerous, on account of the numerous bridges under which he had to pass, at which every body, whether Yankee or European or Indian has to bow or have his head knocked off. I was informed that some have already been killed at these low bridges. Our boat was drawn by two and sometimes three horses, and travelled at the rate of three and four miles per hour. Our fellow passengers were kind and polite. Arrived at the village of Oswego, on the banks of Lake Ontario, at 6, p. m.
Thursday 14th. — We engaged our passage in a schooner for Kingston. Here we met brother Wm. Ryerson and D. Wright. I felt thankful that I was permitted to return to my own country and meet our own old friends once more. Lodged for the night with Mr. S. Miles, the Editor of the Religious Advocate and Kingston Gazette.
Sunday 17th. — In the morning I led a class for Brother Rorrison. At 10, a. m., I heard the Rev. W. Ryerson preach from Eph. xi. 18, 19. I spoke a few words in my language to the Indians present. At 4. p. m., I preached from Eph. ii, 14. In the evening brother Ryerson again preached from Micah ii. 10. Our Indian labourers went and spoke to the Indians on the shore.
Monday 18th. — At 8, a. m., we went on board the steam boat Toronto for Grape Island.
Thursday 21st. — All hands were engaged in planting in the forenoon. In the afternoon I spoke to them on the first part of the 14th chapter of St. John. Wm. Beaver and John Sunday exhorted. Having spoken the English language now for some time, I found I had lost my former fluency in my own native tongue. What strange creatures of habit we are. Again visited the school and gave them some good advice.
Friday 22nd. — Met early this morning in the church.
Saturday 23rd. — Rode on to the Rice Lake. Brother Jas. ​Evans was in good health, but sister Evans afflicted with the fever and ague. The Indian brethren were all pretty well.
Sunday 24th. — Early at prayer meeting: many prayed with power and faith, and we had a blessed season. At 10, a. m., Brother Evans held his Sunday School. Thirty-seven children were present, who were cleanly clad and attentive to their books. They read the Scriptures and repeated their catechisms. I gave them an account of our recent visit to the churches in the United States, and on the goodness of God in preserving our lives and bringing us back again to our own country.
Monday 25th. — Brother George Henry and myself went with a party of the Indians on to Spooke Island, in order to teach them how to plough the ground and prepare it for planting. The brethren appear very anxious to become farmers, and so raise their own corn and potatoes, but for want of more teams they will not be able to put in much this season.
Wednesday 27th. — Elder Ryerson, H. Biggar, and E. Evans arrived about noon. In the afternoon we met at the chapel for worship. I preached to the Indians on the subject of the Lord's Supper. Peter Jacobs exhorted. We felt the presence of the Lord in our midst, and our hearts got warm with love to God. At the close of our public worship we held a quarterly conference with the official members. They gave a very good account of the state of the classes, and of their own spiritual enjoyments. At this meeting Brother Jas. Evans related his christian experience, first in English, and then in broken Indian. I was informed that this was his first effort in speaking the Indian in public. The Indian brethren appeared highly pleased to hear him speak in their tongue, and many rejoiced and praised God. After love feast the Lord's supper was given to 71 Indians. The Lord poured out his spirit upon us in a powerful manner, and a number of the women fell to the floor, as if shot down, but rose up again rejoicing in ​the Lord. My soul was full of love and gratitude to God. Blessed be His Holy mime for His saying power! After an intermission of half an hour the Rev. W. Ryerson preached. As he spoke I took down the leading ideas of his discourse, which I delivered to the Indians in our own language. In the afternoon the Rev. Ephraim Evans preached from 1 Cor. xv. 58. We again met in the evening for prayer. Brother Ryerson baptized ten Indian children.
Tuesday, June 2nd. — Arrived at the Credit about 6 p. m., and in a short time all the Indian brethren collected together in order to welcome me.
Wednesday 3rd. — In the afternoon I went with Brother Geo. Ryerson to see the new field cleared and planted on the flats this spring, containing about fourteen acres. Our Indians here have planted in corn and potatoes about sixty acres, which I trust, with the blessing of God, will yield an abundant harvest.
Monday 8th. — Rode down to York in order to wait on Sir John Colborne, our Governor. About noon I was admitted into the presence of His Excellency. He at once began to talk about the printing of our Indian Scriptures, and said that he would be most happy to get any of our Indian Translations printed at the Government press in this town. He also expressed great desire for the Indians in this Province to be settled in villages, and said that he would do all in his power towards granting them lands for location, and to aid in effecting their civilization. He thought it highly important that the Indians should be taught useful trades and farming, as soon as possible. On taking leave of him, he said he would be glad to see me at any time I might find it convenient to call upon him.
Wednesday 10th. — Chiefs and warriors met in Council this morning to take into consideration various matters relative to our affairs. Sang and prayed, and then proceeded to business. ​The Council talked over the prohibition of Sir Peregrine Maitland, the Lieut. Governor, that our Indians should not attend any more of the Methodist Camp meetings. After mature deliberation on the subject, it was decided unanimously, that in matters of religion, no earthly king, governor, or any other person, had a right to dictate to our hearts how or where we are to worship the Great Spirit; that it was before that Great Being we all have to stand or fall. Therefore, this Council deem it right and just that they should obey God rather than man, and that so long as they see no evil arising from attendance at Camp meetings, which have already proved a great blessing to them, they would still consider themselves at liberty to attend them whenever they saw fit to do so. In the afternoon we all turned out and worked at the roads.
Friday 12th. — Having received a special message from the Lord Bishop of Quebec, Dr. Stuart, for my attendance at the Government House in York, I went down early in the morning, and about noon I had an audience with the Bishop, the Lieut. Governor, and Dr. Mountain. The Bishop asked me the following questions: 1st. To what body of Methodists the Preachers in Canada belonged? 2nd. Who was the Preacher at the River Credit? at Lake Simcoe, &c.? 3rd. How far the Methodists had extended their labours to the north and west? 4th. What number had been converted and baptized? 5th. In what relation I stood with the Methodists, whether as a Preacher, Exhorter, or Interpreter? As far as my knowledge enabled me, I gave the Bishop answers to the above queries. The Governor answered several of the questions for me, and I was glad to see that His Excellency was so free from sectarian prejudices. He remarked that the main point was to get the Indians converted and reformed. The Bishop complained much that the Methodist Preachers had interfered and intruded on their Mission grounds at the Grand River and Bay of ​Quinte. He was sure the Methodists would not like them (Church of England,) to intrude on their Missionary work, and thought it was very wrong to do so, as the field was large enough for them all. The Bishop remarked that the Methodists had done much good amongst the Indians, at which he rejoiced. Before parting, the three great men said that they would have my Translations of the Scriptures printed at the Government Press whenever I was ready to present them.
Wednesday 17th — At 10 a. m., Col. Givins, Mr. Clench, the Commissary, and British Officers, arrived. The Commissary immediately went to work in assorting and distributing the goods. From Col. Givins' conduct towards Chief Sawyer and myself, it was quite evident that he was opposed to our being made Chiefs of this tribe. He took no notice of us, and went to other Indians for information, and told some of our leading men that they had done wrong in appointing Sawyer and myself to the Chieftainship, and said he would not sanction it. He therefore requested the Indians to meet and appoint suitable persons for the office, and report to him before the British officers. The Indians then met, and after a few minutes consultation, unanimously confirmed their previous choice. Col. Givins and the officers were then invited to appear before the Indians. Joseph Sawyer then told the Indians to point out the persons they had chosen for their Chiefs. I interpreted this to the officers. Samuel Wautuhnieb then stept forward and, addressing Col. Givins, said, "Father, we have grown up from childhood to manhood before your eyes. You have seen how poor, wretched, and miserable we have been. We lived in darkness and knew not the words of the Great Spirit, — Father, this young man (pointing to me,) was the first to open our eyes by telling us the words of the Great Spirit. He has laboured for our good, and we owe much to him for what we now are, — Father, we have great ​confidence in him, and believe that he will still do much for us and our children, — Father, we have therefore unanimously appointed him our Chief in the place of our late brother and Chief, Capt. John, deceased." Then pointing to Joseph Sawyer, said, — "Father, this is the other person whom we have appointed our Chief in room of James Ajetan, who is no more among us, — Father, this is the desire of all our hearts." Col. Givins then desired Sawyer, myself, John Crane, and Samuel Paudequong, to sign the receipts for the goods received. About sunset, Mr. Ryerson, my brother John, and myself, with several of our brethren, started for the Yonge street Camp meeting; arrived there about 2 p. m.
Thursday 18th. — After a little sleep we rose to take breakfast. A number of the converted Indians from Schoogog and Mud Lakes were present, as also Brothers John Sunday and Thomas Biggs, from Grape Island. These brethren have come upon a Missionary tour to the north and west, and intend to accompany us to Lakes Simcoe and Huron in a few days. There was a large assemblage of people and preachers present on this occasion. The spirit of deep devotion and praise seemed to rest upon the people. Soon after breakfast, the Rev. Mr. Slater preached from Lamentations ii. 13., "For thy breath is great like the sea, who can heal thee." Brother Huntington exhorted, and I gave a short talk to the whites and Indians. At 10 a. m., the Rev. J. Richardson preached to a large and attentive congregation. In the afternoon the Rev. F. Metcalf preached from these words, "Who then can be saved." John Sunday then addressed the whites and the Indians. His simple remarks made a deep impression upon the white people. I also spoke both in English and in the Indian. Powerful prayer meetings were held in the intervals of preaching, and many sinners cried to God for mercy, and several were made to rejoice in the forgiveness of their sins. ​Friday 19th. — After breakfast we had prayer meetings. The Indian brethren held their meetings in their tents. I desired them to relate their christian experience. A number spoke and related the great things the Great Spirit had done for them since they came here. This was an interesting and profitable season to me. After this the Rev. W. Ryerson baptized a number of the white people, and then administered the Lord's Supper to many happy souls. The power of the Spirit rested upon both whites and Indians, and several fell to the ground under the power of God, and were obliged to be carried away to their tents. We then formed a procession and marched round the ground, the preachers took the lead, and after going round the ground two or three times they stood in a row and shook hands with the people as they passed by, at the same time singing appropriate hymns. Thus this interesting and profitable meeting closed, and we all went on our journey rejoicing. Before parting with our Schoogog and Mud Lake brethren, I gave them several copies of our Ojebway Hymn Book, lately printed in New York, which were received with great joy.
Monday 22nd. — Road down to York in order to see the Governor about the translations of the Scriptures. Owing to the absence of the Governor who had gone over to Niagara, I was unable to do any business. Having received an invitation from a select committee of the York Bible Society, I met the Revs. Messrs Stewart and Scott,— both of the close communion Baptist Church. They appointed to meet again to-morrow at 9 a. m.
Tuesday 23rd. — After the hour appointed I met the two Baptist brethren with the Rev. Mr. Harris, Presbyterian minister. They enquired what portion of the Scriptures I had translated. I informed them I had completed the first seven chapters of St. Matthew, and that it was my intention ​to go on with the whole of that book. They said that if I were willing they would defray the expenses of the translations and printing. I told them that His Excellency Sir John Colborne had made arrangements for the printing of the translations at the expense of the government. As regards my own labours I informed them that I was under the control of the Methodist Conference, and therefore I could not enter into any engagements without their sanction. They then agreed to see Elder Case on the subject, and get him if possible to give me more time for translating and superintending the printing of the same.
Friday 26th — Rode again to York to see the Governor on the subject of printing the translations. At 3 p. m., Mr. Stanton, the government printer, and myself had an interview with his Excellency Sir John Colborne. Sir John ordered 2,000 copies of the first seven chapters of St. Matthew to be printed forthwith, with the English on the opposite pages. I had some conversation with His Excellency concerning the tenure of the lands belonging to the Rice Lake Indians. I suggested the propriety of granting the lands to the Indians themselves in such a way as to prevent their selling or alienating the same. Sir John seemed to approve of the plan and said he would see that the lands were secured to them and their descendants as soon as they were capable of taking care of land themselves. I informed His Excellency I intended to make a Missionary tour to Lakes Simcoe and Huron. He then requested me to inform John Asance that he had written for a Schoolmaster for his tribe. I said to His Excellency that the Methodist Missionary Society was on the eve of sending a teacher to that people, and that David Sawyer was going to accompany the teacher, as an interpreter and assistant in the school. Sir John enquired who was the person intended, and of what country? I informed him that the young man's name was ​James Curry, and that he has a Scotchman by birth. He replied, “Very well — only we must be careful not to clash with each others operations; it makes no difference by whom they are educated; the main object is to benefit the Indians. I will patronize your efforts and that of the Methodists in reforming the Indians.” He further said that he had lately been at the Grand River, and saw the Delaware Indians in a most deplorable condition: that he saw them drunk, and their faces painted, &c. Having been informed that Archdeacon Strachan wished to see me, I accordingly called on him and had a conversation about my translations. He kindly offered to loan me books which might help me in the work. He also asked me if I had given up going to Camp meeting? I told him I had not. He then asked if I found any thing in Scripture to sanction such meetings? I said that I found nothing in the Bible against such meetings. He replied, that he thought I could. Upon this our talk ended.
Monday 29th. — Started on a Mission tour to Lakes Simcoe and Huron and to other parts of the wilderness. Our company consisted of John Sunday, Wm. Herkimer, David Sawyer, Thos. Magee, Thomas Smith, senr., Alex. Chief, Thomas Bigg, John Thomas, and myself. These brethren have been selected by the Christian Indian churches, under the direction of Elder Case, as fit persons to go and preach the Gospel in the regions beyond. Most of these Indian brethren have been licensed as exhorters and class leaders for some time past.
Thursday, July 2nd. — We left the Landing. Reached the Island at 5, p. m. I went and viewed the corn and potatoe fields of our Indian brethren. There were about 25 acres planted. The crops looked pretty well. These fields have been cleared and prepared for planting since last winter. This speaks well for the zeal and good management of their Missionary, Brother Beatty, who has been with them since the opening of spring. ​He has been assisted by Brother John Draper, a farmer. Brother B. is a good Missionary for Indians, as he spares no pains to do them good; he labours with them in the field, and thus shows them how to work by example as well as by precept. Such men, and such only, are really calculated to do lasting good among the Indians; men who are not afraid to blacken their hinds by logging the timber, and burning the wood in the field; men who are not ashamed to work in their shirt sleeves; men who do not say to the Indians, “Go and do this or that;” but who say to them, “Come on brethren:” such men only can convince the Indians that they are their friends and wish to do them good. On such the Indians will look up with reverence and esteem. O that the Indian had more of such, kind friends! how soon would the wounds made by the wicked whites be healed, and joy and gladness spring up in the Indian's heart! But alas, too many of those who have gone amongst the Indians have rather manifested a domineering spirit, which has proved his want of success. The Indian is a free man and will not be driven. Gain his confidence and esteem, and then you can do anything with him. Some white people have imagined that in order to christianize the heathen, you must first teach them the arts and sciences as a necessary preparation for the Gospel; but I say, “No.” First, teach him the christian religion, and when he has embraced this he will be prepared for the pursuits of civilized life. I am rejoiced that the Methodist Missionaries go to work at the right end, and hence the astonishing work of reformation we have witnessed amongst the poor Messissaugas and Ojebways for the few years past. May the Great Spirit continue to crown their labours with greater success.
Sunday 5th. — On account of the present rain we were prevented in meeting at one place, as there was no wigwam sufficient to contain all our people. All our previous services were ​held in the open air. We divided our teachers, and sent two and two into the different camps, to hold class meetings,&c. I attended one camp, and was rejoiced to hear these new-born babes in Christ declare the wonderful works of God. Brothers T. Magee and T. Smith assisted in leading the class. In the afternoon we again met in the wigwams. I spoke to those in our camp from Eph. ii. 11, 13. We then had a short prayer meeting, which was very lively, and I hope some good was done.
Tuesday 7th. — We sailed from the Island this morning in Mr. Beeman's schooner for Yellowhead's Island. We were accompanied by Rev. John Beatty, J. Currie, Miss Barnes, and Miss Edmonds. We had a fair wind for a short distance, and then the weather became very changeable. When we were about halfway across the lake a heavy gale came upon us, accompanied with rain. The wind was in our favour, and we soon reached the Narrows, or outlet of the lake, about thirty miles north from Snake Island. We then had to sail four miles to Yellowhead's Island, on a little lake called Koochecheeng, where Mr. Wm. Law, the school teacher, and his band of Indians, are encamped. Before we reached the Island another gale came upon us, which threatened us with danger, as the vessel came near capsizing; but, through the mercy of our God, we safely landed on the Island at 7, p. m., and received a welcomed reception from Brother Law and his people. Chief Yellowhead kindly invited us into his house, and we felt thankful to obtain a shelter from the rain.
Wednesday 8th. — I was informed that there were about 150 souls on these islands. After breakfast we all assembled at the log school house, built last year by our Methodist Society. After singing and prayer I informed them that the object of our visit was to go to the north and west and preach the Gospel to our pagan brethren in the wilderness. Johnny Thomas ​also gave a word of exhortation with life and energy, and we concluded our services with a short prayer meeting. The power of the Holy Spirit was poured upon us in a remarkable manner. After pronouncing the benediction our brethren began to shake each other by the hand in taken of their love, and sang songs of praise at the same time. A number fell to the floor under the power of the Lord, and some laid as if they were dead for a time; but when they came to they shouted the praises of the Lord, and the noise of rejoicing was heard a-far off. Glory be to God in the highest! One Indian woman fell at at this meeting who remained like a corpse the whole night and all the forenoon of the next day. Her body and arms were quite stiff and cold, except at the pit of her stomach, which had the signs of life, and the pulse was quite regular the whole time. When she came to she began to praise the Lord, and sent for the class leaders, and when they came she exhorted them to be very faithful in the worship of the Great Spirit, and informed them that she had been permitted to have a most glorious sight of heaven, which was past description, and that she had seen a number of christian Indians in that glorious kingdom.
Thursday 9th. — Brother John Beatty left us for the Snake Island this afternoon. Before he started he prayed most fervently for our success in our mission tour amongst the Indians.
Friday 10th. — We left in two birch bark canoes and proceeded down the River Severn, which runs a northern course. We passed through two carrying places, where the river falls several feet. At one of these falls I found some tobacco laid on the rocks, near the precipice, which had been left there by some poor pagan Indian as an offering to the god of the falls. About dusk we came to a little lake surrounded by huge rocks. On one of those rocks we made a fire and cooked our meat for supper, and then commended ourselves to God by prayer, and ​laid ourselves upon the rocks with no other covering than the canopy of heaven. I was happy in the Lord; for he was with us on the bare rock, and my soul praised the Lord God for his goodness unto me. Of a truth it is not a vain thing to trust in him. for he doeth all things well.
Saturday 11th. — Made an early start and proceeded down the river. About 2, p. m., a heavy thunder storm came upon us. We landed as soon as possible, and put our clothing, &c, on the shore. And then turned our canoes over them, which prevented them from getting soaking wet. When the rain abated we again pursued our voyage. At 5, p. m., we were again visited with a tremendous thunder storm, which compelled us to put to shore and secure our provisions, &c, as well as we could, from the drenching rain.
Sunday 12th. — Rose up this morning feeling none the worse for our wetting, and we offered up thanks to God for his care over us. We were now ten miles from the encampment of the Matehjedash Indians; and, after breakfast, Mr. Currie and myself concluded to proceed on in our small canoe to the Indian Camps, whilst the rest of our brethren tarried behind, as we did not wish to travel on the Lord's day with our baggage and provisions. Our old faithful guide, and Thomas Biggs, accompanied us. We arrived at the encampment about noon. When we came within hearing we heard the shore resounding with the voices of singing and prayer. They had been expecting our arrival, and, on landing, the men, women, and children flocked around us and gave us a most hearty welcome. Whilst shaking hands several gave us the kiss of charity, and they expressed great joy in seeing us amongst them. We were then conducted to a neat bark wigwam, which had been prepared for our reception, in which we took up our abode and felt quite at home. The head Chief, John Asance, was meeting a class on our arrival. There were seven camps containing about 200 souls. ​We were glad to find several new converts amongst this people, who had been brought to renounce paganism through the exhortations of Chief Asance and the class leaders. These new converts were from Nottawasaga Bay: they were anxious to receive the ordinance of baptism. At 2, p. m., we assembled at their bark chapel, which is about thirty feet square, and answers a good purpose for worship in summer. After singing and prayer I spoke to them on the goodness of God in taking care of us. I also informed them the object of our mission in these regions. Towards night we again met for worship; I spoke to them from Matt. xi. 28. Thos. Biggs, the pious Indian lad, exhorted and made many very sensible remarks. During this service several fell to the ground under the power of God. When the brethren retired to their wigwams they began to sing and shout the praises of the Lord. Thus the solitary place was made glad, and the trees of the wood became vocal with the songs of joy and praise. Blessed be God for his great mercy to these children of the forest, who have long been in darkness, and in the region and shadow of death! O Lord, still continue to stretch out thine arm of power, and gather all the nations of the earth into the fold of Christ, and thy name shall have all the glory, now and for ever more! Amen.
Monday 13th. — We had an early prayer meeting. Chief John Asance gave a warm exhortation, and urged his young men to pay good attention to the instructions delivered to them from their teachers, who came to tell them the good way to heaven, and thus be prepared to teach their own brethren. At the conclusion of the meeting the Chief Asance requested some of their women to go and gather some huckle berries for their visitors, which was accordingly done. The Chief also sent a messenger to Penetanguishene to invite some pagan Indians encamped there. After breakfast we went to see their corn and potatoe fields. The Indians have cleared and planted ​about twenty acres, which promise a good crop. We found a white man and his family among this people, a blacksmith by trade. This man has been sent here by Sir John Colborne to work for the Indians. I hope he may be useful amongst them. At 10, a. m., our brethren we left behind arrived, and were warmly received by this band. This day I introduced Bros. James Currie and David Sawyer to the Indian brethren as their teachers, sent to them by the Methodist Missionary Society.
Tuesday 14th. — We had an early prayer meeting. I informed the Chief it was necessary that a house should be built for their teachers to live in. He readily promised to assist us with his men in raising the building and providing bark for the roof. We then selected the location, and commenced at once in clearing the ground and cutting the logs, and hawling them to the spot. The size of the log hut was 20 × 15 feet. At noon we had religious service, and again in the evening. Several of our own men exhorted, and we had precious seasons; for the Lord was with us.
Wednesday 15th. — At our morning meeting I distributed several copies of our new Ojebway Hymn Book to the class leaders, and to such as might be able to read them. They were highly delighted with these books. Went to Penetanguishene, accompanied by Chief Asance. The distance is about ten miles. We saw several poor pagans who were still under the influence of fire water. We tried to persuade them to go and join their brethren at Matchjedash, but to no avail. We saw the women drinking with the men. One woman had her face painted red with vermillion; her ears were loaded with earlets. and her nose with nose jewels. What a strange effect habit has on the various nations of the earth! What is considered a great deformity by one nation is considered a great beauty by another. The use of fantastic ornaments might be tolerated in a rude, ​barbarous people, but amongst a christian and refined nation such as our white christian friends, it appears out of place to see them wear the hideous masks, with the nose twisted the wrong way, and the ladies painting their faces red, and trying to curl and frizzle their hair to look like the wool on the head of an African!
Thursday 16th. — Towards evening we held a meeting, at which John Asance, John Sunday, Thomas Magee, W. Herkimer, and Thomas Smith exhorted. Towards the conclusion of the services three men, pagans, came forward and asked us to pray for them. Two of whom have attended our meetings since Monday last; the other never attended a christian meeting till this day. The Great Spirit having touched their hearts, they began to cry to God for mercy.
Friday 17th. — As soon as breakfast was over, we assembled our Indian brethren for the last time, having concluded to proceed on our tour to Saugeen, &c. After singing and prayer, I gave them a word of exhortation, and concluded with a farewell address. All appeared deeply affected. We then shook hands, and commended each other to the care and keeping of God. Brother John Sunday and Thomas Biggs, the pious lad, then expressed a desire to go to the north shore of Lake Huron to a place called Metahbik, where a band of pagan Indians reside. We approved of the plan, and prayed that the Lord might go with them and give them success. At 10 a. m., we all got ready to put off in our birch canoes. Our Indian brethren here followed us to the waters edge, and whilst singing a hymn, we again shook hands with them. It was a solemn and melting time. An aged Indian woman put a quarter of a dollar into my hand, which I accepted, as she gave it in the name of the Lord, to help to send the Gospel to regions beyond. It seemed to afford her the greatest pleasure to give her mite, her all, to the cause of the Saviour of the world. May God bless our ​poor Indian sister! Before getting into our canoes we knelt down on the shore and prayed. We left Brother James Currie and David Sawyer to labour amongst this band, which number about 200 souls. The school will number between fifty and sixty scholars, old and young. My company now consisted of eight persons beside myself. John Sunday's party consisting of Thos. Biggs and four other praying Indians from this mission. Having a fair wind, we hoisted blanket sails and soon got out of the Penetanguishene Bay, and were now on the waters of the Lake, which are pure as crystal. In the afternoon we landed, had our refreshments, and had a word of prayer on the beach. In the evening we arrived at the mouth of the Nottawasaga Bay, where we lodged for the night. We made a fire on the beach, and then turned over our canoes as a shelter for our heads whilst we slept. After supper we had prayers, and then laid down to sleep. About midnight a storm of rain came upon us, which discomposed us a little. I, however, slept very well, and I felt thankful to God who giveth the weary traveller rest.
Saturday 18th. — After breakfast the rain abated a little, and we ventured to embark. The wind blew from the south, and the Bay ran about south east and north west. The distance to the head of the Bay is between twenty and thirty miles, and the same across to the other side, from where we were. We had a consultation whether to go along the shore to the head of the Bay, or venture across the same, so as to save a day's journey. Our old men thought it would be running a great risk in attempting to cross over such a long sheet of water; but our young men thought we might run the risk, so we concluded to cross. The wind being partly in our favour, we hoisted sail, and at the same time paddled with all our strength. The wind increased as we got about the middle of the Bay, which alarmed some of our more prudent Indians. Through ​the goodness of God we safely landed at 3 p. m., having run the distance in five hours. When we landed we offered thanks to God for his kind care over us.
Sunday 19th. — At 8 o'clock we held a prayer meeting. Nearly all the brothers prayed for those we had left behind, and for the conversion of our poor pagan brethren whom we might find in the howling wilderness. At 11 I preached to my missionary company. In the afternoon we had class meetings.
Monday 20th. — Started at 2 o'clock this morning. We passed a high peak of the same mountain over which the great Falls of Niagara is formed. I was informed that at the foot of this mountain is an excellent salt spring, from the waters of which the Indians occasionally obtain salt. Towards night we came to Owen Sound, called by the Indians, Keche Weequodoong, the Great Bay. Our course this day was about north west. We slept on the beach at the mouth of the bay, and being fatigued we slept soundly.
Tuesday 21st. — Early this morning we crossed the bay, which is about eight miles wide; and, on the 22nd, having taken an early breakfast, we set off to cross the portage to Lake Huron. Two men carried our large canoe, and another carried the small one. The rest of our party carried our provisions, clothing, &c. The first portage is about three miles long. We then came to a small lake. After crossing this in our canoes, we came to the second portage, about a quarter of a mile in length. We then came to a second lake, and then again to another portage of a half mile long, which brought us to the main Lake Huron. We went to an island and took some refreshment. There are several islands here, and they are called by the Indians Okaquahneeseshahning the place of the Herring Fish. At 3, p. m., we left these islands, and by sunset we landed at the River Saugeen — the mouth of the river. Here ​we found two camps of Indians belonging to the Ojebway nation. There were about 25 persons in all. On landing, we found the men sitting on a log near the water. We went and shook hands with them, and they appeared to be glad to see us. We slept on the beach for the night.
Thursday 23rd. — At our morning prayers, several of the Indians came and listened. Two knelt down during prayers. This was very encouraging to us. At 9, a. m., we assembled the Indians together in the largest wigwam. I then explained to them the object of our visit, and requested them to listen to what, we had to say concerning the words of God in Christ Jesus. We then sang and prayed. The hymn we sang was,
"Blow ye the trumpet, blow, The gladly solemn sound."
Most of our heathen brethren knelt down with us, which was a sure token that they were prepared to receive the Gospel; for no heathen Indian kneels only when he is resolved to become a Christian. After prayers, I gave them an account of the fall of man, and the misery he has brought upon himself and posterity; and that the Great Spirit out of compassion, gave his only begotten Son to come into our world and die for man, and thus opened a door of mercy to all; that God was now willing to save man on condition of repentance and faith in his Son Jesus Christ. Others of my party next addressed them. During our meeting we were a little disturbed by the freaks of a young tame bear. Whilst at prayer, the young bruin got on the back of our old brother Thomas Smith and scratched his arm. William Herkimer made the concluding prayer. We informed our pagan brethren that we would again address them in the afternoon. After this, I went to see an Indian burying ground. There were a number of graves lying east and west. The head towards the west, to indicate that the departed spirits had gone in that direction. In the ​afternoon we again got our Indian brethren together. Most all knelt down during prayer. I expounded to them the Ten Commandments, to which they listened with deep attention. After this W. Herkimer, John Thomas, Alexander Chief, and Thomas Asance, exhorted our brethren with tears. Thos. Magee closed with prayer. During the exercises of this meeting I observed many were affected and shed tears of contrition. I asked the leading man what he thought of the things we had declared to them? He replied, “I believe all you have told us. I will try and do as you have advised us, and I will now become a christian, and worship the Great Spirit; but brothers, we are very poor and weak, and we have no one to teach us the good and right way.” Whilst listening to his mournful tale of destitution, my heart mourned over him and his people. We again held a meeting in the evening, and I explained to them the nature of repentance and faith in Christ. Before dismissing the meeting, we invited the penitents to come forward and kneel down before us, and we would pray for them. The whole of the adults came and fell upon their knees and appeared much affected. We prayed for them.
Friday 24th. — Early in the morning our Indian friends came together for further instruction, when I gave a talk on the evil of intemperance, and explained how much evil the fire-water had done to our forefathers, having destroyed thousands of them, and made their children poor and miserable as we find it this day. I exhorted them to forsake it altogether, and never again taste a drop of the liquid-fire, and gave them directions how to resist it when the white man offered it to them. After this we commended them to the care and protection of the Great Spirit.
Saturday 25th. — Made an early start for the new village of Goderich at the mouth of Red River, called by the Indians Manesetung. We found no Indians here, and we were ​informed that Chief Kegedoons, had left this yesterday morning for the River Aux Sable. The town of Godcrich has been laid out by the Canada Land Company. A gentleman informed me that there were about two dozen families in it at present. A Mr. Kirkland kindly invited me to tarry at his house, from whom I received every mark of friendship. I gave out an appointment for preaching to-morrow at 11 o'clock, at the house of Mr. Reed, one of the Company's Agents.
Sunday 26th. — In the morning we had a prayer meeting at our Camp; a good time. At 11 a. m., according to appointment, I preached in Mr. Reed's house. The large room was pretty well filled with attentive hearers. I spoke from Mark xvi. 15, 16. Thomas Magee related his conversion to God in broken English, and gave a word of exhortation to the Indians present, and to the French people who understood the Ojebway. He warned them of their wickedness, in giving the fire water to the Indians, which he said would certainly lead their souls to hell-fire. The people were very serious and attentive. I gave out another appointment for this evening at the same place. Accordingly at 6 p. m., I addressed a room full, from Matt. v. 8. After dismissing the meeting, several came and shook hands with me, and thanked me for the words I had spoken to them, and said these were the first sermons they ever had since this settlement was formed, which was now more than one year. One man informed me that he had not heard the Saviour's name mentioned, except by oaths and curses, since he had come to this place. From his description these white heathens required the Gospel as much as the poor, wild Indians. We saw a number of the men fishing with hook and line in broad day light. Thus violating the holy Sabbath day. May God soon raise up, and send labourers into this vineyard!
Monday 27th. — Started early this morning in our canoes toward the St. Clair River. We had not gone far before we ​met a canoe full of Indians, which proved to be Chief Kegedoons and his family, the father of our fellow traveller, Thos. Bigcanoe. The wind having now increased against us, we were obliged to land and encamp on the beach. Kegedoons also landed, and we soon entered into conversation about the Christian Indians, and about the prospects of his own people. He stated that for his part he had resolved to become a Christian, and he had already informed his people to this effect. He further informed me that he and Chief Wawanosh, had made an agreement, which was, that if either of them should embrace Christianity, the other should do so also. “I have now,” said he, “set the example for my brother Wawanosh, who must now follow me.” This Chief was remarkably friendly and communicative. In the afternoon I invited the Chief to come to our tent in order to tell him about the words of the Great Spirit. When I finished my talk, I called on Thomas Smith to speak, which he did, and related his former life. He concluded by exhorting him to turn to God. During these addresses the old Chief paid the utmost attention, smoking his long-handled or stem-pipe the whole time. At the end of each sentence he heartily repeated the usual council response by exclaiming “haahe!” Our hearts were much comforted and encouraged from what our eyes saw, our ears heard, and for what our hearts experienced of the goodness of the Lord at this meeting. We slept under a large cedar tree on the beach, for the night. Blessed be God for his goodness to us!
Tuesday 28th. — On rising this morning from my bed of blankets and cedar boughs, I found I had been sleeping on a large land lizard, which had been lying under the leaves when my cedar branches were spread for my bed. The idea of having been sleeping on such a hideous looking creature was rather unpleasant, but when Indians get accustomed to such fare the matter is little thought of. Before starting on our journey ​this morning, Thomas Bigcanoe came and asked if I would allow him to return with his father to Saugeen, and give the Indian brethren there further instruction in religion, and take a watchful oversight of them. I quite approved of the suggestion, and exhorted him to be faithful, and gave him advice how he was to conduct himself, and the meetings amongst his relatives and friends. The wind being in our favour we set sail about 6 in the morning, and made great speed, and at 2 p. m. discovered the landing place of the hunters. There were two wigwams containing six families. After laying down our packs we shook hands with them, and then we proceeded to pitch our tent. We found they were well supplied with venison, and we were soon visited by an Indian woman with a fine shoulder of venison, and, shortly after, two more were brought to us, on which we feasted, as our stock of provisions was nearly exhausted, and we were all very hungry. Before night we notified them that we would be glad to meet them at one spot and tell them the object of our visit to them. The men came with their lighted pipes and sat down in a group on the ground. I requested Thomas Smith to speak first, as he was the oldest man in our company. When T. Smith had finished his talk I gave the Indians a short account of the work of God amongst the Indian tribes in different parts of the Province. Our auditors paid good attention and responded at the end of each sentence with the usual exclamation — aahe. Win. Herkimer closed by singing and prayer, and informed them that we would again speak to them to-morrow morning.
Wednesday 29th. — W. Herkimer and T. Smith went out hunting early this morning. Mr. Herkimer returned, having killed an old wolf; but Brother Smith returned about 9, a. m., with a fine, fat buck. We thanked God for this seasonable supply for our poor bodies. Very rainy all the afternoon. At noon the weather cleared up. We then invited our pagan ​brethren to our tent. The men accordingly came, with some of their children, but the women stood at the door of their camps, and listened to our words. T. Magee then addressed them at some length, as also T. Asance. Our audience listened with serious attention. During this day I went and examined the Mejekun — the deer fence, which these Indians have made for the purpose of taking the deer. It is made by lopping down green saplings, and throwing on small bushes upon the top, so as to prevent the deer from jumping over it. This hedge fence ran from east to west, was about five or six miles long, and ran in a curve, like an Indian bow, the sides running towards the north. On the south side of the fence is a clean footpath on which the Indians travel when in search of game. About the middle of July the deer begin their migrations for the south, and continue to do so until the last of August. Whilst the deer are bending their way towards the south, they come in contact with this fence, where they tarry for some time, and at which the Indian hunters shoot them in great numbers. It is said that early in the spring the deer migrate again towards the north. It is quite evident to me that the reason why these animals make annual travels to the south, is to avoid the deep snow and long winters of the northern regions, and so take refuge in a milder climate along the shores of Lakes Ontario, Erie, and St. Clair, where in former winters the deer used to teem in thousands. Their northern resorts were the regions along the shores of Lakes Huron and Simcoe; Georgian Bay, &c. Alas! for these noble creatures, like their old masters, the poor Indians, they are now fast disappearing before the face of the white man.
Thursday 30th. — Brother Smith went to hunt a few hours and killed two deer. About noon we held a meeting with our Indian brethren, and gave them further instruction on the things of God, and exhorted to a faithful adherence to the ​service of the Lord. We also pointed out the great evil of intemperance, as it destroyed both soul and body. We concluded by singing and prayer. All these Indians appear to be willing to become Christians; except one whose name is Kahzhuhgans, the wild cat, who, we were informed, was totally opposed to Christianity. I enquired of them where they would wish to locate themselves? They replied, at Saugeen. It was a remarkable fact, that during our stay with this people, the hunters were unable to kill any deer, although they went out every day, but returned without game, whereas our party killed more than we wanted, so that we were able to supply the wants of our brethren. This success had a good effect upon them, as they saw with their own eyes that our praying Indians had better success in hunting than themselves. I took advantage of it, and told them that the Great Spirit whom we served, gave us everything necessary for our need, and that the objections of the pagans relative to the Christian Indians not being able to take any game were untrue. That true Christianity was good for the blessings of this life, as well as that life which is to come. In my humble judgment the reason why our Indian friends could not kill any game was, their minds were so powerfully wrought upon from the words of God they heard from us, as to engross their whole attention; therefore they could not see the game at the proper time, nor shoot straight when they attempted to kill the deer. About 2, p. m., we bade them farewell, and left for our canoes at the lake, where we arrived about 4, p. m. We went a few miles and then slept on the beach, about a mile from the carrying place of the River Aux Sable, or Naguhweseebe, the Sandy River.