OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cambell, James

1904 Errata appended.
​CAMBELL or CAMPBELL, Sir JAMES (1570–1642), lord mayor of London, was the grandson of Robert Cambell of Foulsham, Norfolk. His father, Sir Thomas Cambell (d. 1613), was alderman successively of Bridge Without (15 Nov. 1599), of Broad Street (23 April 1610), and of Coleman Street (11 Oct. 1611); sheriff of London (24 June 1600); lord mayor (29 Sept. 1609); governor of East India Company (1602–3); and twice master of the Ironmongers' Company (1604 and 1613). Sir Thomas, who was knighted at Whitehall (26 July 1603), married Alice, daughter of Edward Bright of London (Harl. MS. 1096, f. 13). The son James followed his father's trade of ironmonger. He was elected sheriff of London in 1619, alderman of Billingsgate ward, 24 May 1620, whence he removed to Lion Street, 14 May 1625, and lord mayor in 1629. Thomas Dekker, the dramatist, arranged and wrote the pageant ‘London's Tempe’ for Cambell's installation (Fairholt, Lord Mayor's Pageants (Percy Soc.), part ii. 35–60). During his mayoralty Cambell was knighted (23 May 1630), and he presented an elaborate cup to the king at the christening of Prince Charles (15 June 1630). Cambell was thrice master of the Ironmongers' Company (1615, 1623, and 1641). He died at his house in Throgmorton Street, 5 Jan. 1641–2, and was buried (8 Feb.) at St. Olave's Jewry. His wife Rachel survived him, but he had no children. By his will he left a large number of legacies to relatives and friends, and made several charitable bequests to the London hospitals and the Ironmongers' Company, for ‘redemption of poor captives from Turkish slavery,’ ‘for erecting of a free school at Barking in Essex,’ and ​ for pious uses. The total sum distributed amounted to 48,967l. 6s. 8d. Edward Browne, Cambell's clerk, to whom he left 20l., published (May 1612) an elaborate panegyric, entitled ‘a rare laterne of justice and mercy, exemplified in the many notable and charitable legacies of Sir James Cambel.’ The tract includes an engraved portrait of Cambell and a drawing of his tomb. The original of the former is now at St. Thomas's Hospital. Lady Cambell died in January 1656–7. Robert Cambell, Sir James's brother, was also an alderman of London, and was master of the Ironmongers' Company in 1631.
S. L. L.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.49 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 275 | ii | 27 | Cambell, Sir James : for 1613 read 1614 |
| | | 28,29 | for Broad Street read Bread Street |
| | | 31 | before and twice insert governor of the East India Company 1602-3 |
| | | 40 | for Lion Street read Lime Street |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Calvert, Thomas (1775-1840)

1904 Errata appended.
​CALVERT, THOMAS (1775–1840), theologian, was born at Preston in 1775. His father, whose name was Jackson, sent him to Clitheroe free grammar school, of which the master was then the learned Rev. Thomas Wilson, B.D. He entered St. John's College, Cambridge, and was fourth wrangler. He was B.A. in 1797, M.A. in 1800, B.D. in 1807, and D.D. in 1823. The last-named degree was taken in the name of Calvert, which he assumed on the death of a friend belonging to an old Lancashire family, who, although unconnected by blood, left him about 1819 a large fortune. He was fellow of his college in 1798, tutor in 1814, and Norrisian professor of divinity from 1814 to 1824, in which year he resigned the post of Lady Margaret's preacher, which he had held since 1819. Having been appointed king's preacher at Whitehall, he attracted the attention and admiration of Lord Liverpool, who appointed him to the rectory of Wilmslow. Although the crown claimed the patronage, it was ultimately decided that the right vested in the ancient family of the Traffords of Trafford, who for more than two centuries have been Roman catholics. Calvert had his consolation in the college living of Holme, Yorkshire, in 1822, and in the wardenship of the collegiate church of Manchester, conferred unsolicited on the recommendation of his admirer, Lord Liverpool. He was installed on 8 March 1823. He married Juliana, daughter of Sir Charles Watson of Wratting Park, Cambridgeshire, and had three sons.
He wrote: 1. ‘The Disinterested and Benevolent Character of Christianity, a Sermon,’ Cambridge, 1819. 2. ‘The Rich and Poor shown to be of God's appointment and equally the objects of His regard, two Sermons at Whitehall,’ Cambridge, 1820. 3. ‘Christ's Presence a source of Consolation and Courage, a Sermon,’ London, 1823. 4. ‘Help in Time of Need, a Sermon,’ London, 1826. 5. ‘Infidelity Unmasked, a Sermon,’ Manchester, 1831. 6. ‘An Established Church the best means of providing for the Care of a Christian Community, a Sermon,’ Manchester, 1834. 7. ‘A Sermon preached before the Corporation of the Sons of the Clergy in St. Paul's Cathedral’ (? 1837). 8. ‘On the Duty of Bridling the Tongue, a Sermon,’ 1840. This was written for a volume made up of contributions by thirty-nine divines towards a fund for St. Andrew's Schools, Manchester. Calvert was constitutionally diffident, and did not take much part in public affairs except in his opposition to catholic emancipation. His serene manners and gentle deportment made him very popular. He died after a short illness in his house at Ardwick on 4 June 1840, and was followed to the grave by the whole body of the Manchester clergy.
W. E. A. A.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.49 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 275 | i | 28 | Calvert, Thomas : for about 1819 read in 1817 |
| | | 30 | for 1814 read 1815 |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cameron, Alexander (1747-1828)

​CAMERON, ALEXANDER, D.D. (1747–1828), catholic bishop, was born at Auchindrine, in Castleton of Braemar, Aberdeenshire, on 28 July 1747. After spending four years in the seminary at Scalan, in Glenlivat, he entered the Scotch college at Rome on 22 Dec. 1764. On his return to Scotland in 1772 he was appointed to the mission of Strathaven, and in 1780 he became rector of the Scotch college at Valladolid. He was nominated coadjutor to Bishop Hay in 1797; was consecrated bishop of Mazimianopolis, in Palæstrina Secunda, on 28 Oct. 1798, at Madrid; returned to Scotland in 1802; succeeded as fifth vicar-apostolic of the Lowland district on the resignation of Bishop Hay in 1806; resigned his vicarial functions in 1825; died at Edinburgh on 7 Feb. 1828, and was buried there in St. Mary's Church, on which occasion the funeral service of the catholic church was, for the first time since the Reformation, publicly performed with the proper ceremonial in Scotland.
[J. Gordon's Catholic Church in Scotland, p. 458 (with portrait); Gent. Mag. xcviii. (i.) 272; Catholic Directory (1885), p. 61; Fox's Hist. of James II, pref. pp. xxvii, xxviii.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Calvert, Thomas (1606-1679)

​CALVERT, THOMAS (1606–1679), divine, a native of York, was educated at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge. He became chaplain of Sir Thomas Burdet in Derbyshire, and was afterwards vicar of Trinity Church in the King's Court at York. During the Commonwealth he held one of the four preacherships endowed by the crown at the minster, besides the living of Allhallows, York. He was ejected from his living in 1662, was banished from York by the Five Mile Act, and ‘withdrew to the good Lady Berwicks, near Tadcaster.’ Later he returned to York, where he died in March 1679, aged 73. He had a son by whose extravagances he was much troubled, but found a congenial companion in his nephew James Calvert, and corresponded with the chief scholars of the time. He was well read in Hebrew. His works were: 1. ‘The Blessed Jew of Marocco, a Blackmoor made White,’ York, 1648. To this work, which is a translation (through the Latin) of the testimony of Rabbi Samuel, a converted Jew, to the truth of christianity, Calvert contributes annotations and a long diatribe on the mediæval history of the Jews and the wretchedness of their present condition. 2. ‘Heart-Salve for a wounded Soule: or Meditations of Comfort for Relief of a soul ​ sick, of delayed prayers, and the hiding of God's countenance’ (a sermon on Ps. cxliii. 7), and ‘Eye-Salve for the blinde world’ (a sermon on Isaiah lvii. 1), York, 10 Oct. 1647. 3. ‘The Wise Merchant; or the peerless pearl, set forth in some meditations delivered in two sermons upon Matt. xiii. 45, 46, to the company of merchants in the city of York,’ London, 1660. Calamy and Palmer enumerate many other sermons, including one preached at the funeral of Lady Burdet, and a translation of Gerard's ‘Schola Consolatoria.’
S. L. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Calvert, Michael

​CALVERT, MICHAEL (1770–1862), author of a history of Knaresborough, was born in that town and baptised at the parish church on 2 Feb. 1770. His parents' names were Richard and Barbara. He was by calling a chemist. In 1808 and 1809 he filled the office of churchwarden, and in the latter year repaired the chancel of the church. Among other public objects in which he took an interest was the Knaresborough Spa, a mild sulphur spring on the road to Harrogate, and by his exertions the house and spa-baths and fountain were erected. He wrote an account of the history and mineral qualities and virtues of the waters. His ‘History of Knaresborough, comprising an accurate and detailed account of the castle, the forest, and the several townships included in the said parish,’ was published in 1844 in duodecimo. He died on 3 Dec. 1862, at the age of 92, in the town where he had spent all his life.
[Boyne's Yorkshire Library, 1869, p. 142; Grainge's Hist. of Harrogate, 1871, p. 261; information supplied by Mr. Charles Powell, Knaresborough.]
C. W. S.
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Anax 1.

​ANAX (Ἄναξ) 1. A giant, son of Uranus and Gaea, and father of Asterius. The legends of Miletus, which for two generations bore the name of Anactoria, described Anax as king of Anactoria; but in the reign of his son the town and territory were conquered by the Cretan Miletus, who changed the name Anactoria into Miletus. (Paus. i. 35. § 5, vii. 2. § 3.)
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Amyclas

AMYCLAS (Ὰμύκλας), a son of Lacedaemon and Sparta, and father of Hyacinthus by Diomede, the daughter of Lapithus. (Apollod. iii. 10. § 3; Paus. x. 9. § 3, vii. 18. § 4.) He was king of Laconia, and was regarded as the founder of the town of Amyclae. (Paus. iii. 1. § 3.) Two other mythical personages of this name occur in Parthen. Erot. 15, and Apollod. iii. 9. § 1.
[L. S.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Anaces

​A′NACES. [Anax, No. 2.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Anacharsis

​ANACHARSIS (Ἀνάχαρσις), a Scythian of princely rank, according to Herodotus (iv. 76), the son of Gnurus, and brother of Saulius, king of Thrace; according to Lucian (Scytha) the son of Daucetas. He left his native country to travel in pursuit of knowledge, and came to Athens just at the time that Solon was occupied with his legislative measures. He became acquainted with Solon, and by the simplicity of his way of living, his talents, and his acute observations on the institutions and usages of the Greeks, he excited general attention and admiration. The fame of his wisdom was such, that he was even reckoned by some among the seven sages. Some writers affirmed, that after having been honoured with the Athenian franchise, he was initiated into the Eleusinian mysteries. According to the account in Herodotus, on his return to Thrace, he was killed by his brother Saulius, while celebrating the orgies of Cybele at Hylaea. Diogenes Laertius gives a somewhat different version—that he was killed by his brother while hunting. He is said to have written a metrical work on legislation and the art of war. Cicero (Tusc. Disp. v. 32) quotes from one of his letters, of which several, though of doubtful authenticity, are still extant. Various sayings of his have been preserved by Diogenes and Athenaeus. (Herod, iv. 46, 76, 77; Plut. Sol. 5, Conviv. Sept. Sapient.; Diog. Laert. i. 101, &c.; Strab. vii. p. 303; Lucian, Scytha and Anacharsis; Athen. iv. p. 159, x. pp. 428, 437, xiv. p. 613; Aelian, V. H. v. 7.)
[C.P. M.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Anadyomene

​ANADYO'MENE (Ἀναδυομένη), the goddess rising out of the sea, a surname given to Aphrodite, in allusion to the story of her being born from the foam of the sea. This surname had not much celebrity previous to the time of Apelles, but his famous painting of Aphrodite Anadyomene, in which the goddess was represented as rising from the sea and drying her hair with her hands, at once drew great attention to this poetical idea, and excited the emulation of other artists, painters as well as sculptors. The painting of Apelles was made for the inhabitants of the island of Cos, who set it up in their temple of Asclepius. Its beauty induced Augustus to have it removed to Rome, and the Coans were indemnified by a reduction in their taxes of 100 talents. In the time of Nero the greater part of the picture had become effaced, and it was replaced by the work of another artist. (Strab. xiv. p.657; Plin. H. N. xxxv. 36. §§ 12. and 15; Auson. Ep. 106; Paus. ii. 1. § 7.) [L. S.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Amphis

​AMPHIS (Ἄμφις), an Athenian comic poet, of the middle comedy, contemporary with the philosopher Plato. A reference to Phryne, the Thespian, in one of his plays (Athen. xiii. p. 591, d.), proves that he was alive in B. C. 332. We have the titles of twenty-six of his plays, and a few fragments of them. (Suidas, s. v.; Pollux, i. 233; Diog. Laert. iii. 27; Athen. xiii. p. 567, f.; Meineke, i. p. 403, iii. p. 301.)
[P. S.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Anacyndaraxes

​ANACYNDARAXES (Ἀνακυνδαράξης), the father of Sardanapalus, king of Assyria. (Arrian, ​An. ii. 5 ; Strab. xiv. p. 672; Athen. viii. p. 335, f., xii. pp. 529, e, 530, b.)
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Anatolius 3.

​ANATO'LIUS (Ανατόλιος), Patriarch of Constantinople (a. d. 449), presided at a synod at Constantinople (a. d. 450) which condemned Eutyches and his followers, and was present at the general council of Chalcedon (a. d. 451), out of the twenty-eighth decree of which a contest sprung up between Anatolius and Leo, bishop of Rome, respecting the relative rank of their two sees. A letter from Anatolius to Leo, written upon this subject in a. d. 457, is still extant. (Cave, Hist. Lit. a. d. 449.) [P. S.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Anatolius 4.

​ANATO'LIUS (Ανατόλιος), Bishop of Laodicea (a. d. 270), was an Alexandrian by birth. Eusebius ranks him first among the men of his age, in literature, philosophy, and science, and states, that the Alexandrians urged him to open a school of Aristotelian philosophy. (H.E. vii. 32.) He was of great service to the Alexandrians when they were besieged by the Romans, a. d. 2G2. From Alexandria he went into Syria. At Caesarea he was ordained by Theotechnus, who destined him to be his successor in the bishopric, the duties of which he discharged for a short time as the vicar of Theotechnus. Afterwards, while proceeding to attend a council at Antioch, he was detained by the people of Laodicea, and became their bishop. Of his subsequent life nothing is known ; but by some he is said to have suffered martyrdom. He wrote a work on the chronology of Easter, a large fragment of which is preserved by Eusebius. (l.c.) The work exists in a Laatin translation, which some ascribe to Rufinus, under the title of "Volumen de Paschate or "Canones Paschales," and which was published by Aegidius Bucherius in his Doctrina Temporum, Antverp., 1634. He also wrote a treatise on Arithmetic, in ten books (Hieron, de Vir. Illustr., c. 79. de Vir. Illust. c. 73), of which some fragments are preserved in the Θεολογούμενα τῆς Ἀριθμετικῆς Some fragments of his mathematical works are printed in Fabric. Bib. Graec. iii. p. 4G2. [P. S.]
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Buist, George

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​BUIST, GEORGE (1805–1860)
Doctor: born Aug. 22, 1805: son of the Rev. J. Buist: educated at St. Andrews and Edinburgh: became a preacher and lecturer, and editor of newspapers in Scotland from 1832 to 1839, when he became editor of the Bombay Times till 1857: he opposed the Government policy in Kabul in 1842: from Jan. 1858 he brought out the Bombay Standard, which was amalgamated with the Bombay Times in 1860. He was Inspector of Observatories in Bombay for many years, and wrote on scientific subjects, meteorology, geology, antiquities, for the Bombay Asiatic Society's Journal: he was instrumental in the establishment of a number of observatories, and founded the Bombay Reformatory School of Industry: a Municipal Commissioner in Bombay: appointed, in 1859, Superintendent of the Government Press, Allahabad, and Curator of Government books: died at Calcutta, Oct. 1, 1860: described as "India's foremost man of letters," "not only famous as the most successful of Indian journalists, but as the thoughtful and enterprising man of science": he devoted himself to scientific philanthropy.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Burdwan, Mahtab Chand Rai, Maharaja Adhiraj Bahadur of

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​BURDWAN, MAHTAB CHAND RAI, MAHARAJA ADHIRAJ BAHADUR OF (1820–1879)
Son of Maharaja Tej Chand Rai: born Nov. 17, 1820: succeeded to the Burdwan Raj (which pays over 40 lakhs annually of Government Revenue), on April 16, 1832: made Maharaja Adhiraj Bahadur, Aug. 30, 1833: on Jan. 1, 1877, was granted a salute of 13 guns as a personal distinction, and the title of "His Highness": appointed to the Governor-General's Legislative Council in 1864: during the Sonthal rebellion of 1855, and in the mutiny, he helped Government greatly with transport, and by maintaining communications: established a college, schools, hospitals and dispensaries on his ​estates; widely supported charities, and gave munificent contributions on occasions of epidemic fever, famines and calamities: encouraged literature and learning: though not always a strict observer of Hinduism, he maintained his numerous religious endowments and temples: while he did not seek popularity, he was highly respected by both Europeans and his countrymen, for his independence, high character and public spirit: died at Bhagalpur, Oct. 26, 1879.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Buckingham and Chandos, Richard Plantagenet Campbell-Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, third Duke of

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​BUCKINGHAM AND CHANDOS, RICHARD PLANTAGENET CAMPBELL-TEMPLE-NUGENT-BRYDGES-CHANDOS-GRENVILLE, THIRD DUKE OF (1823–1889)
Governor: born Sep. 10, 1823, only son of the second Duke: educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford: M.P. for Buckingham, 1846–57: Junior Lord of the Treasury, 1852: as Marquis of Chandos was Chairman of the London and N.W. Railway, 1853–61: succeeded as Duke, 1861: Lord President of the Council, 1866–7: Secretary for the Colonies, 1867–8: Governor of Madras from Nov. 1875 to Dec. 1880: had to deal with the severe famine of 1877, when immense numbers of the population came on relief works and gratuitous relief, and there was great mortality: built Government House at Ootacamund: Chairman of Committees in the House of Lords, 1886–9: P-C.: G.C.S.I.: C.I.E.: D.C.L.: died March 26, 1889: when the Dukedom became extinct.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Buckland, Charles Thomas

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​BUCKLAND, CHARLES THOMAS (1824–1894)
I.C.S.: son of the Rev. John Buckland: born Feb. 27, 1824: educated at Laleham, Eton, and Haileybury: gained his appointment to the Indian Civil Service by competition at Eton: went to India in 1844: served throughout his career in Bengal, making a reputation for ability and independence as an administrator: Junior Secretary to the Governor of Bengal: Member of the Bengal Legislative Council, and Member of the Board of Revenue, Calcutta: retired in 1881: died March 21, 1894.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Bulandshahr, Lachhman Singh, Raja of

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​BULANDSHAHR, LACHHMAN SINGH, RAJA OF (1826–1896)
A Rajput of the Jadon clan: his grandfather held a high post in Sindia's Army, and died at Alighar in 1801: his sons resided in Agra, and held lands near the city: Lachhman Singh entered Government service in 1847: employed as a translator in the Secretariat at Agra: rendered good service during the mutiny: rewarded with a Khilat, and a small parcel of revenue-free land in the Agra district: employed in the Educational Department, and promoted to a Deputy Collectorship: wrote a Statistical Memoir of the Bulandshahr District, and translated various official works, besides the Sakuntala, in Hindi: in 1877, was made Raja as a personal distinction: after his retirement, resided at Bulandshahr, and died there in July, 1896.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Burgess, James

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​BURGESS, JAMES (1832–)
Born Aug. 14, 1832: educated at Dumfries, Glasgow, Edinburgh: went to India, 1855: engaged in educational work in Calcutta and Bombay: Archaeological Surveyor and Reporter for W. India, 1874: and for S. India, 1881: Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India, 1886: Fellow of the Bombay University: retired, 1889: attended the Geneva Oriental Congress, 1894, as representative of India: edited the Indian Antiquary, 1872–84: published scientific papers in the Philosophical Magazine, Archæological Survey Reports, Epigraphica Indica, 1889–94: published various archaeological works, as The Rock Temples of Elephanta, 1871: Temples of Somnath, Junaghar and Girnar, The Rock Temples of Ajanta, The Rock Temples of India (with J. Fergusson), 1880: Buddhist Art in India, 1901.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Burgoyne, John

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​BURGOYNE, JOHN (1722–1792)
General: son of Captain John Burgoyne: educated at Westminster: entered the Army in the 13th Light Dragoons, 1740: M.P. for Midhurst, 1761: for Preston, 1768: spoke, moving for a Select Committee, on the Government of India, 1772, urging the principle (afterwards adopted by Fox and Pitt in their India Bills) of Government control over the E. I. Co.: in the attack in Parliament on Lord Clive, May 3, 1773, Burgoyne, Chairman of the Committee, was the accuser, and carried condemnatory resolutions against Clive: commanded in America in 1774, and surrendered at Saratoga, Oct. 17, 1777: C. in C. in Ireland, 1782: was a manager of the impeachment of Warren Hastings, 1787: died June 4, 1792.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Buckinghamshire, Robert Hobart, fourth Earl of

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​BUCKINGHAMSHIRE, ROBERT HOBART, FOURTH EARL OF (1760–1816)
Son of third Earl: born May 6, 1760: educated at Westminster: joined 7th regt., 1776: served in the American war: Major: M.P. in both the English and Irish Parliaments: Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 1789–93: Privy Councillor, 1793: was, as Lord Hobartr Governor of Madras from Sep. 1794 to Feb. 1798: led an expedition to Malacca and destroyed the Dutch settlements: by his independence he came into antagonism with the Governor-General, Sir John Shore, over the affairs of the Nawab of the Carnatic, when Hobart desired to make financial reforms: the Court of Directors recalled him, but supported his action in Tanjore affairs: Hobart cooperated with the Governor-General against Tippoo: called up to the House of Lords, 1798: helped to arrange the union with Ireland, 1799: Secretary for War and the Colonies, 1801–4: became Earl, 1804: appointed President of the Board of Control, April 4, 1812: and spoke on the renewal of the E.I. Co.'s charter, 1813: died Feb. 4, 1816.