OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Anna Petrovna

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ANNA PETROVNA,
Was the eldest daughter of Peter the Great, by his second wife Catharine; she was born on the 27th. of February, 1708, and married, on the 28th. of May, 1725, a few months after the death of her father, to Charles Frederick, duke of Holstein-Gottorp, who not only lost his chance of succession to the crown of Sweden, to which he had claims as the nephew of Charles the Twelfth, but was also deprived of his hereditary dominions by the king of Denmark, who was, however, compelled to restore half of them by the Czar Peter, in whose court and that of the Empress Catharine, the duke of Holstein and his wife resided until after the death of the tatter; when the duke's rival. Prince Menshikov, obtained the ascendancy over the young emperor, yet a junior, whose guardian Anna Petrovna had been nominated by the late empress, and obliged Anna and her husband to quit the Russian dominions. They accordingly removed, in July, 1727, to Kiel, where the duchess gave birth to a son, Peter Ulric, who was destined to receive the offer of both the Swedish and Russian crowns, and to perish the victim of his greatness. Three months after his birth his mother died; and soon after, in 1736, the widower instituted, in her honour, the order of St. Anne, which has been adopted in Russia, and is now the fourth order of knighthood in that empire. Anna Petrovna was the favourite daughter of Peter, whom she greatly resembled. She was remarkably beautiful and accomplished.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Anne de Gonzague

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ANNE DE GONZAGUE,
Wife of Edward count Palatine, died at Paris, in 1684, aged sixty-eight; and was honoured with an eulogium by the celebrated Bossuet.
# A Dictionary of Hymnology/A—y

​A—y. in the Gospel Magazine, is the nom de plume of Job Hupton. It stands for Ashby, the parish in which he lived.
# A Dictionary of Hymnology/Chorus novae Hierusalem

​Chorus novae Hierusalem. St. Fulbert of Chartres. [Easter.] As St. Fulbert d. cir. 1029, this hymn dates from about the beginning of the 11th cent. It is found in an 11th cent. MS. in the Brit. Mus. (Vesp. D. xii. f. 72 b), and from this is printed in the Latin Hys. of the Anglo-Saxon Church, 1851, p. 159. It is also in an 11th cent MS. at St Gall (No. 387). Its English use was extensive. It is given in the Sarum Brev. as the hymn at first Vespers of the Octave of Easter, and so for all Sundays to the Feast of the Ascension (Hymn. Sarisb., 1851, pp. 90, 91); in York, the same, with the addition, "When the Sunday Office is said"; in St. Alban's through Easter week at Terce. It is also in the Aberdeen Brev.
The text is also in the following works : Daniel, 1., No. 191, iv. p. 180, with various readings; Monc, No. 162; Card. Newman's Hymni Eccl., 1838 and 1865. Bigge's Annotated H. A. & M., 1867, p. 139, and others.
Translations in C. U.:—
1. Ye choirs of New Jerusalem, Your sweetest notes employ. By R. Campbell, from the Sarum Brev., written for and 1st pub. in his Hys. and Anthems, &c. (St. Andrew's), 1850, pp. 75-6, in 6 st. of 4 l. In 1858 it was included, with a slight alteration in st. ii., l. 3, and the omission of st. vi. in the Scottish Episco. Coll., No. 77. This was partly rewritten, and a doxology was added thereto by the compilers of H. A. & M., and given in their "trial copy," 1859, No. 78, and then in their 1st ed, 1861, This is the form of the hymn which is in most extensive use. In Mr. Shipley's Annus Sanctus, Campbell's text is given from his MS.
2. Thou New Jerusalem on high. By J. M. Neale, from the Sarum Brev., given in his Mediaeval Hys., 1851. In revising it for the Hymnal N., 1854, Dr. Neale rendered it, "Ye choirs of New Jerusalem, To sweet new strains," &c. This was repeated in his Mediaeval Hys., 2nd ed. 1863, with st. ii. rewritten, and is the form of the hymn in C. U.
3. Wake, choir of our Jerusalem. By J. A. Johnston, in the English Hymnal, 2nd ed. 1856, and repeated in the 3rd ed., 1861.
4. O choir of New Jerusalem. By R. F. Littledale, from the Sarum Brev., written for and 1st pub. in the People's H., 1867, and signed "D. L."
5. Ye choirs of New Jerusalem, Your sweetest praises bring. By R. C. Singleton, written in 1867, and pub. in his Anglican H. Bk., 1868.
Translations not in C. U.:—
1. Ye choirs of New Jerusalem, Begin, &c. J. D. Chambers, i., 1857.
2. Quire of the New Jerusalem. W. J. Blew, 1852-55.
3. The choir of New Jerusalem. J. Keble, 1857-66.
4. Sing, New Jerusalem. J. W. Hewett, 1859.
5. Jerusalem, thy song be new. Lord Braye. In Mr. Shipley's Annus Sanctus, 1884.
# A Dictionary of Hymnology/Christ is risen! Christ is risen! He hath burst, &c.

​Christ is risen! Christ Is risen! He hath burst, &c. A. T. Gurney. [Easter.] 1st pub. in his collection A Book of Praise, &c., 1862, No. 119, in 3 st. of 12 l. It is in C. U. in three forms:—
1. The original, which is seldom found outside the author's Coll.
2. The text as in Church Hymns, 1871, No. 132. In the Church Times of Feb. 19, 1875, the author denounces this arrangement, whilst in the folio ed. of Church Hymns, 1881, Mr. Ellerton (one of the editors) allows that "The variations in this hymn amount to an almost complete recasting of it. The fine conception of the hymn was grievously marred by faulty execution, and sincere thanks are due to the author for permitting his original to be so daringly manipulated" (p. xlii.). This text has been introduced into American use through the Church Praise Bk.', N. Y., 1882.
3. The text as in H. A. & M., 1875, No. 138. Against this also the author complains in the same letter to the Church Times. It also has been introduced into American C. U. It was given In Laudes Domini, N. Y., 1884.
# A Dictionary of Hymnology/Ave verum corpus natum

Translations in C. U.:—
1. Hail to Thee! true Body sprung. By E. Caswall. 1st pub. in his Lyra Catholica, 1849, p. 249, in 10 lines; and again, slightly altered, in his Hymns & Poems, 1873, p. 162. In the Roman Catholic hymnals the original tr. is generally used. In the People's H., 1807, No. 177, we have a cento from this tr. of Caswall, that by J. R. Beste, and others.
2. Hail, true Body, born of Mary, No. 214 in the Appendix to Hymnal N., 1864, is by H. N. Oxenham, from his Sentence of Kaires and other Poems, 1854 and 1867, somewhat altered.
3. Hail, true Body Incarnated, by W. J. Irons, is No. 67 of his Ps. & Hys. for the Ch., 1873 and 1883. This rendering is specially adapted for Good Friday. 1st pub. in Dr. Irons's Hymns, 1866, No. 113.
4. Hail, true Body! God of heaven. By J. R. Beste, pub. with the Latin text in his Ch. Hys. (Rom. Cath.) Lond. 1849. It may be added that in most of the modern Roman Catholic collections the Latin text is also given, as in this case.
Translation not in C. U.:—
Hall, true Body, horn of Mary. E. B. Pusey, 1848.
# A Dictionary of Hymnology/Christ from the dead is raised

​Christ from the dead is raised. Tate and Brady. [Easter.] A rhymed version of 1 Cor. xv. 20, the 3rd anthem appointed for Easter Day in the Book of Common Prayer. It is found in the Supp. to the New Version, for details of which see Eng. Psalters, § xiii., and New Version.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Fedele, Cassandra

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FEDELE, CASSANDRA,
Of Venice, born 1465. This noted lady was well acquainted with Greek, Latin, and with history. Julius the Second, Leo the Tenth, Louis the Thirteenth, and Ferdinand of Arragon, invited her to their courts; but her own republic would not allow her departure. Her death, which happened in 1558, was commemorated by the tributary praises of the literati of that day. Poliziano eulogizes her in the highest terms. There remain some letters and Latin orations of her composition.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Ferguson, Elizabeth Græme

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FERGUSON, ELIZABETH GRÆME,
Daughter of Dr. Thomas Graeme, who emigrated from Scotland to America, was born in Philadelphia, in 1739. She was very carefully educated, and shewed uncommon abilities. While still young, she translated Fenelon's Telemachus into English verse; she also wrote several smaller poems, which, together with her essays and some of her letters, have been published. She married Mr. Hugh Henry Ferguson; but on the breaking out of the Revolution, in 1775, as he adhered to the British government, and she was faithful to her country, they separated, and never lived together again. Mrs. Ferguson died in 1801.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Felicitas

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FELICITAS,
An illustrious Roman lady, who lived in 162, during the persecution carried on against the christians by the Emperor Marcus Aurelius, was a devout Christian. She had also brought up her seven sons in the same faith. They were seized, and Felicitas was threatened with her own death and that of all her family, if she did not give up her religion; but she was inflexible, and the sons also remaining stedfast, they all suffered cruel deaths, the mother being executed last
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Fayette, Marie Madeleine, Countess de

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FAYETTE, MARIE MADELEINE, COUNTESS DE,
Daughter of Aymar de la Vergne, marechal-de-camp, and governor of Havre-de-Grace, was more distinguished by her wit and literary productions than by her family. She married the Count de Fayette, in 1655, and removing to Paris, cultivated letters and the fine arts. Her house was the rendezvous for the most distinguished literati in Paris, especially the Duke de la Rochefoucault, Huet, Menage, La Fontaine, and Legrais. The last, when obliged to leave the house of Madame de Montpensier, found an honourable retreat with her. Madame Sévigné, who knew her well, speaks of her as an amiable and estimable lady. Her principal works are the three romances, "Zaide," "La Princesse de Cleves," and "La Princesse de Montpensier;" which were the first romances that exhibited the manners of fashionable life in an easy and natural manner. She also wrote "Memoires de la court de France pour les années, 1688 et 1689," "Histoire d'Henriette d'Angleterre," and "Divers portraits de quelques personnes de la cour." All these works are still esteemed. She also wrote memoirs of other persons ​which were not published, and were lost by her son, the Abbé de la Fayette. She understood Latin, which she learned in a very short time. Her works are written in an easy and elegant style, which was, at that time unequalled.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Ferrier, Mary

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FERRIER, MARY,
Was born in Edinburgh. Her father, James Ferrier, Esq., was a writer to the Signet, one of Sir Walter Scott's "brethren of the clerk's table;" and the great novelist, at the conclusion of the "Tales of my Landlord," alluded to his "sister shadow," the author of "the very lively work entitled Marriage," as one of the labourers capable of gathering in the large harvest of Scottish character and fiction. In his private diary. Sir Walter has thus jotted down his reminiscences of Miss Ferrier:—"She is a gifted personage, having, besides her great talents, conversation the least exigeante of any author, female at least, whom I have ever seen, among the long list I have encountered; simple, full of humour, and exceedingly ready at repartee; and all this without the least affectation of the blue-stocking." Commenting on this, Mr. Chambers, in his "Cyclopaedia of Literature," thus endorses the opinion of the great novelist:—"This is high praise j but the readers of Miss Ferrier's novels will at once recognise it as characteristic, and exactly what they would have anticipated. Miss Ferrier is a Scottish Miss Edgeworth—of a lively, practical, penetrating cast of mind; skilful in depicting character, and seizing upon national peculiarities; caustic in her wit and humour, with a quick sense of the ludicrous; and desirous of inculcating sound morality and attention to the courtesies and charities of life. In some passages, indeed, she evinces a deep religious feeling, approaching to the evangelical views of Hannah More; but the general strain of her writing relates to the foibles and oddities of mankind, and no one has drawn them with greater breadth of comic humour or effect. Her scenes often resemble the style of our best old comedies, and she may boast, like Foote, of adding many new and original characters to the stock of our comic literature."
"Marriage," the first work of Miss Ferrier, was published in 1818. "The Inheritance" appeared in 1824, and "Destiny, or the Chief's Daughter," in 1831—all novels in three volumes each. It is rather strange that, as all these works were successful, the author has never tried another venture in literature. She resides chiefly in Edinburgh, where she is highly honoured. Mr. Chambers, from whom we have before quoted, and who must be a good judge of her talent for pourtraying the peculiarities of Scottish character, in particular, pays a just and elegant tribute to her genius; his opinion of her merits coincides entirely with that of most critics of her extensively read works.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Favart, Marie Justine Benoite. Madame

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FAVART, MARIE JUSTINE BENOITE. MADAME.
Was a celebrated French actress, whose maiden name was du Roncerai. She was always a great favourite with the public, in comedies, comic operas, and other lively pieces. Beloved among her Mends for her sensibility, gentleness, and generosity of character, she was also a favourite with the public for her inexhaustible vivacity. She was born at Avignon in 1727, and died at Paris, in 1772.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Fayette, Louise de la

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FAYETTE, LOUISE DE LA,
Was celebrated for her friendship for Louis the Thirteenth, and for her self-denial in that dangerous situation. She was of a noble family, and a favourite maid of honour to the queen, Anne of Austria. The king, enslaved by Richelieu, sought consolation in the society of this lady, who took sincere interest in his welfare, and was instrumental in reconciling him to his queen. When she found her regard for the king growing more tender than prudence allowed, she retired to a convent and took the veil. The king continued to visit her till the intrigues of Richelieu interrupted their friendship. The queen urged her to return to court, but she rejected all temptations, and continued in her convent, with the universal esteem of France.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Fedorowna, Maria

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FEDOROWNA, MARIA,
Empress of the unfortunate Paul of Russia, and mother of the Emperors Alexander and Nicholas, was born Princess of Wurtemburg, in 1759. Selected by Catharine the Second as bride for the heir to the throne, her early married life was one of mortification and insignificance. The capricious temper and ill-regulated character of Paul, vented themselves frequently in harsh measures towards this exemplary woman. Her sons, however, unceasingly manifested towards her the affection and duty her devotion to their childhood had so well merited. After the death of Paul, in 1801, she was released from the trammels in which her youth had been spent. From that epoch till the day of her death, she was occupied in attention to the poor and suffering. The number of magnificent institutions for the benefit of the unfortunate and afflicted, which the founded and directed, is really wonderful. She was the first person to introduce into Russia an attempt to instruct the deaf and dumb, employing for that purpose a pupil of the Abbé Sicard. She died in 1828.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Fernandez, Maria Maddalena Morelli

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FERNANDEZ, MARIA MADDALENA MORELLI,
Won the admiration of all Italy as an improvisatrice. The talent of improvising in poetry seems to be almost exclusively allotted to the Italians, among whom the structure of their verse, and the conventional, ever-recurring rhymes, render it an easier matter to employ this frame-work to thought, than would be possible under a different system of prosody. If, however, the powers of ordinary improvisatori, for these reasons, are not to be overvalued,—when thought, imagery, feeling, passion, harmony of numbers, flow spontaneously, the admiration and wonder they excite must be unbounded, as these qualities are independent of any rhythm, and would command praise and enthusiasm, even when such effusions were produced upon study, and corrected efforts.
Among the improvisatori whose fame has been more than ephemeral, perhaps the first was Maria Morelli. She was born of noble parents, in the city of Pistoja, in the year 1740. From her earliest years she manifested a quick ear for harmony, and a talent for improvisation. This talent was heightened by an excellent education; her mind was stored with history and science, and her imagination improved by assiduous reading of the best poets. Her parents, proud of her genius, took her to Rome, to exhibit her powers to the academy of "Arcadia." Gifted with personal beauty and grace, she received the highest applause, and was made a member of that society, under the name of Gorilla Olympia, by which she was afterwards universally designated. At Naples she was received with enthusiasm, and there captivated a young Sicilian gentleman, named Fernandez, to whom she was united in marriage. Her fame soon resounded throughout Europe, and she was noticed by the most illustrious persons of the age. The Emperor Joseph the Second visited her at Naples; and Pope Clement the Fourteenth directed to her an honourable brief, by which he permitted her to read forbidden books. She published some poems, an epic poem dedicated to the Empress of Russia, an epistle to Metastasio, and ​some others. In 1776, she went through the ordeal of a trial of her poetic powers, for three days, at Rome, before a vast concourse of literary and noble personages. Some of the subjects were, Moral Philosophy, Revealed Religion, Physics, Metaphysics, Heroic Poetry, Harmony, Pastoral Poetry, etc. These were handed to her in order, in sealed notes, and she acquitted herself in every case so as to disarm criticism. She then was solemnly crowned with a laurel wreath. A minute description of this ceremony, which was accompanied with wonderful poipp and pageantry, has been written by two literary abbés, and published by the celebrated Bodoni, in 1779. Our poetess, after passing her youth amidst the homage of the great and powerful, retired upon her laurels to Florence, where she lived tranquilly to the age of sixty. She died in 1800.
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Figaro

From volume 1 of the work.
​FIGARO. See Nozze di Figaro.
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Figured

From volume 1 of the work.
​FIGURED. A translation of Figurato, another word for Florid. Figured Counterpoint is where several notes of various lengths, with syncopations and other ornamental devices, are set against the single notes of the Canto fermo; and Figured melody, or Canto figurato, was the breaking up of the long notes of the church melodies into larger or more rapid figures or passages. The figurirter Choral, or Figured chorale, of the German school was a similar treatment of their church tunes, in which either the melody itself or its accompaniments are broken up into 'figures' or groups of smaller notes than the original. Of this numberless examples may be found in the works of J. S. Bach.
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Fierrabras

From volume 1 of the work.
[ G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Fife

From volume 1 of the work.
[ W. H. S. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Fifth

From volume 1 of the work.
[ C. H. H. P. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Field, Henry

From volume 1 of the work.
[ G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Fifteenth

From volume 1 of the work.
​FIFTEENTH is a stop or set of pipes in an organ sounding 2 octaves, or 15 notes, above the Open diapason. Thus when the Fifteenth and Open diapason stops are drawn out at the same time, and the finger is placed on the key of middle C, two notes are sounded—middle C and C two octaves above it.
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Figurante

From volume 1 of the work.
​FIGURANTE. A ballet-dancer who takes an independent part in the piece; also, in France, a subordinate character in a play, who comes on but has nothing to say.
# A History of Banking in the United States

* related portals: Banking, United States.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
volume 1 of 4 volume series — A History of Banking in all the leading nations
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A History of Banking
IN
THE UNITED STATES;
BY
WILLIAM GRAHAM SUMNER,
PROFESSOR OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE, IN YALE UNIVERSITY.
NEW YORK, 1896.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
PERIOD I: 1630 to 1780.
PERIOD II: 1780 to 1812.
PERIOD III: 1812 to 1829–32.
PERIOD IV: 1829 to 1845.
PERIOD V: 1843–5 to 1863.
PERIOD VI: From 1863.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Hand, George Sumner

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​HAND. (Commander, 1841.)
George Sumner Hand entered the Navy 1 Feb. 1821; and bore a part in the hostilities in Ava, where, in 1825, he commanded a boat at the capture of the formidable fortress of Donoobew, and the Alligator’s two cutters at the taking of Melloone. He passed his examination in 1827; obtained his first commission 14 July, 1829; and was afterwards appointed – 8 Aug. in the same year, to the Shannon 46, Capt. Benj. Clement, in the West Indies – 13 Sept. following, to the Grasshopper 18, Capt. John Elpbinstone Erskine, in which sloop he returned to England, and was paid off 6 Sept. 1831 – and 20 Jan. 1834, and 23 Nov. 1838, as Senior, to the Racehorse 18, Capt. Sir Jas. Everard Home, and Vestal 26, Capts. Thos. Wren Carter and John Parker, both on the North America and West India station. He attained his present rank, while serving in the latter ship, 23 Nov. 1841; and since 14 Dec. 1844, has been in command of the Espoir 10, on the coast of Africa. Agents – Messrs. Stilwell.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Hankey, Henry Barnard

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​HANKEY. (Lieutenant, 1845.)
Henry Barnard Hankey is a younger brother of Commander F. T. B. Hankey, R.N. This officer entered the Navy in 1832; passed his examination 6 March, 1839; and, after serving as Mate in the Britannia 120, and, for three years, in the Agincourt 72, flag-ships of Sir John Acworth Ommanney and Sir Thos. John Cochrane, on the Mediterranean and East India stations, was promoted, 2 July, 1845, to a Lieutenancy in the Hazard 18, Capts. Fras. Philip Egerton, under whom he is still employed. During an expedition conducted in July, 1846, by Sir T. J. Cochrane, against the Sultan of Borneo, Mr. Hankey officiated as Beach-Master, and assisted at the capture and destruction of the enemy’s forts and batteries up the river Brune.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Hanmer, David

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​HANMER. (Lieut., 1813. f-p., 11; h-p., 32.)
David Hanmer entered the Navy, in Aug. 1804, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Ajax 74, Capts. Lord Garlies, Christopher Laroche, and Wm. Brown, one of Sir Robt. Calder’s fleet in the action of 22 July, 1805. From the following Sept. until Dec. 1808, he served in the Mediterranean and off Lisbon in the Apollo frigate, and Conqueror 74, both commanded by Capt. Edw. Fellowes; and he was afterwards, until promoted to the rank of Lieutenant, 7 April, 1813, employed, off the coasts of Portugal, France, and America, chiefly as Master’s Mate, in the Semiramis 36, Capt. Wm. Granger, Unicorn 32, Capts. Alex. Robt. Kerr and Geo. Burgoyne Salt, Acasta 40, Capt. A. R. Kerr, and St. Domingo 74, flag-ship of Sir John Borlase Warren. He then joined the Statira 38, Capts. Hassard Stackpoole and Spelman Swaine, also attached to the force on the American station, whence he returned home and was paid off in April, 1815. He has not been since afloat. Agents – Hallett and Robinson.