OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New International Encyclopædia/Kino

Edition of 1905. See also Kino (gum) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
KINO (apparently of East Indian origin). The concrete exudation of certain tropical trees, especially the Pterocarpus marsupium (natural order Leguminosæ), growing in the East Indies, which yields ‘East Indian kino.’ East Indian kino is the kind which now chiefly occurs in commerce, and is the ordinary kino or gum kino of the shops. It is in small angular glistening fragments, the smaller reddish, the larger almost black. Thin pieces are ruby-red. It is brittle and easily powdered, has no smell, but a very astringent taste. Bengal kino is a similar astringent substance, produced by Butea frondosa. ‘Botany Bay kino’ is the produce of Eucalyptus resinifera.
Kino is soluble in alcohol, but very sparingly soluble in ether and in cold water. Its chief constituents are: Kinotannic acid, C$_{18}$H$_{18}$O$_8$; pyrocatechin, C$_6$H$_4$(OH)$_2$; and kino red, a product of oxidation of kinotannic acid. The astringency of kino is mainly due to its containing kinotannic acid, and in consequence of this property it is employed in medicine in certain forms of
diarrhœa (especially when a flux seems to be kept up by want of tone in the intestinal capillaries), the best mode of prescribing it being as compound kino powder, which is a mixture of kino, cinnamon, and opium, the dose for an adult ranging from ten grains to a scruple. The medicinal tincture of kino forms an excellent gargle for the relaxation of the uvula; it contains kino, glycerin, alcohol, and water. Kino is employed to a considerable extent in the East Indies as a cotton-dye, giving to the cotton the yellowish-brown color known as nankeen.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Klondike

Edition of 1905. See also Klondike, Yukon on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
KLON'DIKE. A region in the Canadian Territory of Yukon, comprising an area about equal to that of Rhode Island, and lying chietly to the east of the Yukon River, where it receives the Klondike Creek, near the middle of the Alaskan boundary line (Map: Northwest Territory, B 2). It was in this district, on Bonanza Creek, a tributary of the Klondike, that a prospecting miner, G. W. Cormack, discovered indications of rich gold deposits, August 16, 1896. The following year saw an almost unprecedented rush of gold-miners from Europe and America, and the Klondike was converted from a barren waste to a populous and lively mining district, in the midst of which the city of Dawson (q.v.) sprang up. The region will depend for its future prosperity entirely on the continuance of its mineral resources, having no agricultural value. The climate is exceedingly severe — very hot and humid in the short summer, and extremely cold during the long winter. Facilities for communication with the coast were at first very poor, but in 1898-99 a railroad line was projected from Skagway to White Horse Rapids on the headwaters of the Yukon, and is now in operation. See Alaska; Yukon Gold-Fields.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Kirchmann, Julius von

Edition of 1905. See also Julius von Kirchmann on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
KIRCHMANN, kḗrK'mȧn, Julius von (1802-84). A German jurist and philosopher, born near Merseburg. He was educated at Leipzig and Halle. In 1846 he was made State's attorney in the Criminal Court of Berlin, and two years afterwards was chosen to the Prussian National Assembly. From 1871 to 1876 he was a member of the German Reichstag. He first attracted attention as a philosopher by his brochure Die Wertlosigkeit der Jurisprudenz als Wissenschaft (1848). His other philosophical writings include: Ueber Unsterblichkeit (1865); Aesthetik auf realistischer Grundlage (1868); translations of parts of Aristotle, Bacon, Grotius, Hume, Leibnitz, and Spinoza, and a remarkable edition of Kant in the Philosophische Bibliothek, edited by him (1868 et seq.), and of Hobbes, De Cive (1873). His philosophy was an attempt to mediate between realism and idealism. Consult Lasson and Meineke, Julius von Kirchmann als Philosoph (Halle, 1885).
# The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (1846)/Dedication

DEDICATION.
TO THE
TEACHERS OF THE NORMAL SCHOOL
OF THE STATE OF NEW-YORK.
Gentlemen:—
A stirring freshness in the air, and ruddy streaks upon the horizon of the moral world betoken the grateful dawning of a new era. The days of a drivelling instruction are departing. With us is the opening promise of a better time, wherein genuine manhood doing its noblest work shall have adequate reward. Teacher is the highest and most responsible office man can fill. Its dignity is, and will yet be held commensurate with its duty—a duty boundless as man's intellectual capacity, and great as his moral need—a duty from the performance of which shall emanate an influence not limited to the now and the here, but which surely will, as time flows into eternity and space into infinity, roll up, a measureless curse or a measureless blessing, in inconceivable swellings along the infinite curve. It is an office that should be esteemed of even sacred import in this country. Ere long a hundred millions, extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific, from Baffin's Bay to that of Panama, shall call themselves American citizens. What a field for those two master-passions of the human soul—the love of Rule, and the love of Gain! How shall our liberties continue to be preserved from the graspings of Ambition and the corruptions of Gold? Not by Bills of Rights ​Constitutions, and Statute Books; but alone by the rightly cultivated hearts and heads of the People. They must themselves guard the Ark. It is yours to fit them for the consecrated charge. Look well to it: for you appear clothed in the majesty of great power! It is yours to fashion, and to inform, to save, and to perpetuate. You are the Educators of the People: you are the prime Conservators of the public weal. Betray your trust, and the sacred fires would go out, and the altars crumble into dust: knowledge become lost in tradition, and Christian nobleness a fable! As you, therefore, are multiplied in number, elevated in consideration, increased in means, and fulfill, well and faithfully, all the requirements of true Teachers, so shall our favoured land lift up her head among the nations of the earth, and call herself blessed.
In conclusion, Gentlemen, to you, as the conspicuous leaders in the vast and honourable labour of Educational Reform, and Popular Teaching, the First American Edition of the Principia of Newton—the greatest work of the greatest Teacher—is most respectfully dedicated.
N. W. CHITTENDEN.
# The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (1846)/Frontispiece

SIR ISAAC NEWTON.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Agadir

Edition of 1905. See also Agadir on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​AGADIR, ä′gȧ-dēr′. A seaport of Morocco, North Africa, situated in lat. 30° 27′ N. and long. 9° 36′ W. (Map: Africa, D 1). It was founded in the beginning of the sixteenth century by the Portuguese, but was soon taken by Morocco, and for a considerable period was an important shipping centre. It is at present closed to commerce, and is used as a customs station on the caravan route connecting the northern and southern parts of Morocco. Its population is about 700.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Agag

Edition of 1905. See also Agag and Absalom and Achitophel on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​A′GAG (Heb., Gk. Ἀγάγ, in the Septuagint). (1) The name, or possibly title, of a king of the Amalekites conquered by Saul, and preserved alive contrary to the command of Jehovah. He was afterward hewn in pieces by Samuel. See I. Samuel xv. (2) In Dryden's Absalom and Achitophel, a character standing for Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey, the justice of the peace who was assassinated shortly after disclosing the revelations made for him by Titus Oates.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Agalmatolite

Edition of 1905. See also Agalmatolite on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​AG′ALMAT′OLITE. A hydrated aluminum and potassium silicate that occurs massive, and in color is gray, to green and yellow, brown and red. It is regarded as an alteration product of iolite, and is found in Transylvania, in Saxony, and especially in China, where, owing to its softness, it is carved into images and various ornamental designs, in which advantage is taken of the different shades to bring out special portions in different colors.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Agamemnon

Edition of 1905. See also Agamemnon on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​AG′AMEM′NON (Gk. Ἀγαμέμνον). Son of Atreus, and brother of Menelaus. Agamemnon is a prominent figure in Greek heroic legend, and the details of his story differ. He ruled at Mycenæ and exercised lordship over much of the Peloponnesus. Therefore, when Paris carried off Helen, the wife of Menelaus, Agamemnon was the natural leader of the expedition against Troy. His quarrel with Achilles is the starting-point of the Iliad. Later writers told of the sacrifice of his daughter Iphigenia (q.v.) at Aulis to secure favorable winds for the voyage to Asia. In his share of the booty of Troy he received the prophetess Cassandra (q.v.), daughter of Priam. On his return he was murdered by his wife Clytemnestra (q.v.) and her paramour, Ægisthus (q.v.). His son, Orestes (q.v.), aided by his daughter Electra, subsequently avenged his father. This tragedy of the house of Atreus was a favorite subject of the Greek dramatists. Consult: The Oresteia, especially the first play, the trilogy of Æschylus called the Agamemnon.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Agama

Edition of 1905. See also Agama (lizard) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​AG′AMA (Caribbean name). A genus of insectivorous ground-lizards allied to the iguanas, and confined to the warm climates of Africa, Australia, Asia, and southern Russia. The handsome armed agama, or toque (Agama armata) of South Africa is strikingly adorned and reaches twenty inches in length. Another very brilliant species is the spiny Agama colonorum of the Gold Coast. One of those of southeastern Europe best known is the stellio (Agama stellio), which is commonly tamed and kept in captivity by Arabic jugglers in Egypt, who call it hardun.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Afzelius, Arvid August

Edition of 1905. See also Arvid August Afzelius on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​AFZELIUS, Arvid August (1785-1871). A Swedish poet and antiquary. He translated the Elder Edda (see Edda), and, with Geijer, edited a noteworthy collection of old Swedish popular songs (1814-17). He is esteemed for his poetical Romances and for his studies in Norse history and literature. He was pastor at Enköping, 1821-1871.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Agades

Edition of 1905. See also Agadez on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​AGADES, ä′gȧ-dā̇s. An African city, the capital of the oasis kingdom of Air (q.v.), situated in lat. 16° 30′ N. and long. 8° E. (Map: Africa, E 3). It was formerly an important city and had a population estimated at 50,000. Although still on the caravan route between Sokoto and the Barbary States, its commercial importance has disappeared, and its population has dwindled to about 7000.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Agagite

Edition of 1905. See also Agagite on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​A′GAGITE. A name applied to Haman (Esther iii. 1, 10; viii. 3). It is a term of contempt, designating him as a worthy descendant of Agag, the Amalekite whom Samuel hewed to pieces as a sacrifice to Yahweh at Gilgal (I. Samuel xv. 33). This “Amalekite” is opposed to Mordecai, a descendant of Kish, the father of Saul (Esther ii. 5). The Greek translator understood that this was a mere fiction setting forth the struggle between Jew and Gentile, when he rendered the term “Macedonian.”
# The New International Encyclopædia/Agalactia

Edition of 1905. See also Low milk supply on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​AGALACTIA, ăg′ȧ-lăk′tĭ-ȧ (Gk., want of milk, from ἀ, a, priv. + γάλα, gala, milk). A lack of the proper secretion of milk after delivery. It may depend either on organic imperfection of the mammary gland or upon constitutional causes. In the latter case the secretion may often be excited by warmth and moisture, by the stimulus of the act of sucking, and if this fails, by drinking plenty of fluids rich in fats and by drugs prescribed by a physician. (See Milk.) It is a contagious disease in sheep and goats, characterized by inflammatory foci in the mammary gland, eyes, and articulations. The disease has been known since 1816, and is especially frequent in Italy, France, and Spain. In the acute form there is high fever accompanied by complete, or almost complete, failure of milk. Death takes place after twenty days in about 15 per cent. of cases.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Agamedes

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​AG′AME′DES. See Trophonius.
# The Merry Muses of Caledonia/Supper is not Ready

SUPPER IS NOT READY.
Tune—"Clout the Cauldron."
This is an old fragment.
Roseberry to his Lady says,
My hinnie and my succar,
O shall we do the thing you ken?
Or shall we take our supper?
Fal lal, &c.
Wi' modest face, sae full of grace,
Reply'd his bonny Lady,
"My noble Lord, do as you please,
But supper is not ready."
Fal lal, &c.
# The Merry Muses of Caledonia/The Case of Conscience

THE CASE OF CONSCIENCE.
Tune—"Auld Sir Simon the King."
An old song.
I'll tell you a tale of a wife,
And she was a Whig and a saunt.
She lived a most sanctify'd life,
But whiles she was fashed wi' her c—t.   Poor woman, she gaed to the Priest,
And to him she made her complaint,
There's naething that troubles my breast
Sae sair as the sins of my c—t.   He bade her to cheer up her brow,
And no be discourag'd upon't, For holy good women enow
Are mony times waur'd wi' their c—t.
It's nocht but Beelzebub's art,
And that's the mair sign of a saunt,
He kens that ye' re pure at the heart, So he levels his dart at your c—t.   O ye that are calléd and free, Elected and chosen a saunt, Won't break the eternal decree, Whatever you do wi' your c—t.   And now wi' a sanctify'd kiss,
Let's kneel and renew the cov'nant.
It's this—and it's this—and it's this, That settles the pride of your c—t.   Devotion flew up to a flame, No words can do justice upon't.
The honest auld woman gaed hame,
Rejoicing, and clawing her c—t.
# The Merry Muses of Caledonia/The Cooper o' Cuddy

THE COOPER O' CUDDY.
Tune—"Bob at the Bowster."
* A MS. of this old song is in the British Museum, in the holograph of Burns; but it is not identical with the version here given. Probably he took it down as a later or preferable version.
The Cooper o' Cuddy cam' here awa',
He ca'd the girrs out o'er us a',
An' our gudewife has gotten a fa'
That angered the silly gudeman, O.
  We'll hide the cooper behind the door,
Behind the door, behind the door,
We'll hide the cooper behind the door,
And cover him with a mawn. O.
  He sought them out, he sought them in,
Wi' deil hae her, and deil hae him,
But the body he was sae doited an' blin',
He wistna where he was gaun, O.   We'll hide the cooper, &c.
They cooper'd at e'en—they cooper'd at morn,
Till our gudeman has gotten the scorn,
On ilka brow he's planted a horn,
And swears that there they shall stand, O.   We'll hide the cooper, &c.
# The Merry Muses of Caledonia/The Cooper o' Dundee

THE COOPER O' DUNDEE.
Tune—"Bonnie Dundee."
An old song.
Ye Coopers and Hoopers attend to my ditty, I'll sing of a cooper who dwelt in Dundee, This young man he was baith am'rous and witty, He pleased the fair maids wi' the blink of his e'e.
He wasna a cooper, a common tub hooper, The maist of his trade lay in pleasing the fair, He hoop'd them, he coop'd them, he bor'd them, he plugg'd them, And a' sent for Sandy when oot o' repair.
For a twelvemonth or so this youth was respected, And he was as busy as weel he could be, But business increas'd sae, that some were neglected, Which ruined his trade in the town o' Dundee.
A bailie's fair daughter had wanted a coopin', And Sandy was sent for, as ofttimes was he, He yerk't her sae hard, that she sprung an end hoopin', Which banish'd poor Sandy from bonny Dundee.
# The Merry Muses of Caledonia/She Grippet at the Girtest o't

SHE GRIPPET AT THE GIRTEST O'T.
Tune—"East Neuk o' Fife."
An old song.
Our bride flat and our bride flang, But lang before the laverock sang,
She paid him twice for every bang, And grippet at the girtest o't.
Our bride turn'd her to the wa',
But lang before the cock did craw,
She took him by the cock and a'.
And grippet at the girtest o't.
# The Merry Muses of Caledonia/Tail Todle

TAIL TODLE.
Tune—"Charlie's muster roll"
An old song.
Tail todle, tail todle,
Tammie gart my tail todle
But an' ben wi' diddle doddle,
Tammie gart my tail todle.
Our gudewife held o'er to Fife,
For to buy a coal riddle;
Lang or she came back again,
Tammie gart my tail todle.   Tail todle, &c.
When I'm dead I'm out o' date;
When I'm sick I'm fu' o' trouble;
When I'm weel I stap about,
And Tammie gars my tail todle.   Tail todle, &c.
Jenny Jack she gae a plack,
Helen Wallace gae a boddle;
Quo' the bride, it's o'er little
For to mend a broken doddle.   Tail todle, &c.
# The Merry Muses of Caledonia/The Fornicator

THE MERRY MUSES OF CALEDONIA.
THE FORNICATOR.
Tune—"Clout the Cauldron."
* This is an early production of Burns, and refers to the public rebuke administered to him by the Kirk Session, in the Autumn of 1784, following on the birth of "his dear-bought Bess," whose mother was Elizabeth Paton, a servant of the family while in Lochlea. An altered version will be found in Scott Douglas's Kilmarnock edition (vol. ii., p. 420). Burns usually draws upon his imagination when writing in this vein. The "roguish boy," for instance, was of the opposite sex in reality.
Ye jovial boys, who love the joys, The blissful joys of lovers, And dare avow wi' dauntless brow,
Whate'er the lass discovers;
I pray draw near, and you shall hear,
And welcome in a frater,
I've lately been in quarantine,
A proven fornicator.
Before the congregation wide
I pass'd the muster fairly,
My handsome Betsy by my side,
We gat our ditty rarely.
My downcast eye, by chance did spy
What made my mouth to water,
Those hills of snow which wyled me so,
To be a fornicator.
Wi' ruefu' face, and signs o' grace,
I paid the buttock hire;
The night was dark, and thro' the park,
I couldna but convoy her.
A parting kiss, what could I less;
My vows began to scatter,
Sweet Betsy fell, fal, lal, de ral.
And I'm a fornicator.
But by the sun and moon I swear,
And I'll fulfill ilk hair o't,
That while I own a single crown,
She's welcome to a share o't.
My roguish boy, his mother's joy.
And darling of his pater,
I for his sake, the name will take,
A hardened fornicator.
# The Merry Muses of Caledonia/She Rose and Loot me in

SHE ROSE AND LOOT ME IN.
* The old version is by Semple of Beltrees, and appears in Ramsay's "Tea-Table Miscellany," the "Orpheus Caledonius," and "Herd's Collection." In the Glenriddel MS. Burns says, "The old set of this song, which is still to be found in printed collections, is much prettier than this; but somebody (I believe it was Ramsay) took it into his head to clear it of some seeming indelicacies, and made it at once more chaste and more dull." On 7th April, 1793, he writes to Thomson—"I shall be extremely sorry if you set any other song to the air 'She rose and loot me in,' except the song of that title. It would be cruel to spoil the allusion in poor, unfortunate M'Donald's pretty ode." The amended version first appeared in a collection called "The Blackbird," in 1764.
The night her silent sable wore,
An' gloomin' was the skies;
O' glittrin' stars appeared no more
Than those in Nelly's eyes:
When at her father's gate I knocked,
Where I had often been;
Shrouded only in her smock,
She rose and loot me in.   Fast lock'd within my fond embrace,
She tremblin' stood asham'd;
Her glowin' lips an' heaving breasts,
At every touch enflam'd;
My eager passion I obeyed,
Resolved the fort to win;
An' she, at last, gave her consent
To yield an' let me in.
O then! what bliss beyond compare,
I knew no greater joy;
Enroll'd in heavenly happiness,
So bless't a man was I;
An' she, all ravished with delight,
Bad me aft come again,
An' kindly vow'd, that ev'ry night
She'd rise and let me in.
But ah! at last she prov'd wi' bairn,
An' sat baith sad and dull,
An' I wha was as much concerned
Looked e'en just like a fool;
Her lovely eyes wi' tears ran o'er,
Repentin' her rash sin;
An' ay she cursed the fatal hour
That e'er she loot me in.   But who could from such beauty go,
Or yet from Nelly part;
I lov'd her dear, an' cou'dna leave
The charmer of my heart,
We wedded and conceal'd our crime,
Then all was weel again,
An' she doth bless the happy night
She rose an' loot me in
# The New International Encyclopædia/Lowell, Edward Jackson

Edition of 1905. See also Edward Jackson Lowell on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
LOWELL, Edward Jackson (1845—). An American historian. He was born in Boston, Mass., and graduated at Harvard in 1867. After several years spent in study and travel in Europe he returned to America and began the practice of law in Boston, finally abandoning his profession to devote himself to literary work. His first published work of importance was The Hessians and Other German Auxiliaries of Great Britain in the Revolutionary War (1884). Among his other publications are: The Eve of the French Revolution (1893); the chapter on “Diplomacy of the American Revolution,” in Winsor, Narrative and Critical History of America (Boston, 1886-89); and numerous magazine and review articles.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Lowell, John (philanthropist)

Edition of 1905. See also John Lowell, Jr. (philanthropist) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
LOWELL, John (1799-1836). An American philanthropist. He was born in Boston, the grandson of Judge John Lowell, was educated in Edinburgh, Scotland, and at Harvard, and spent the years 1816-17 in travel in India and the East. He was then engaged in commerce in Boston until 1831, when he retired from business, and spent the rest of his life in study and travel. He was a man of literary culture, and at his death left a fund of $250,000 to found the famous ‘Lowell Institute’ at Boston, which provides for annual courses of free lectures.
Consult Edward Everett, Memoir of John Lowell, Jr. (Boston, 1840).