OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Blair, William Fordyce

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​BLAIR. (Commander, 1841. f-p., 18; h-p., 11.)
William Fordyce Blair, born in 1807, is eldest surviving son of the late Col. Wm. Blair, of Blair, co. Ayr, M.P. for that shire, by Magdalene, daughter of the late John Fordyce, Esq., of Ayton, co. Berwick, for many years Commissioner of the Woods and Forests; and younger brother of the late Capts. Hamilton Blair and John Chas. Blair, R.N. He is the representative of a family which has been of high standing in the co. Ayr for the last six centuries.
This officer entered the Royal Naval College 5 March, 1818; and embarked, in July, 1820, as Midshipman, on board the Rochfort 80, Capt. Chas. Marsh Schomberg, bearing the flag of Sir Graham Moore on the Mediterranean station, where he shortly afterwards witnessed the taking of Naples by the Austrians, and was present in the Cambrian 46, at Scio and Smyrna, during the Turkish massacre of the Greeks, many of whom were saved in the boats of that frigate. After an attachment of a few months to the Diamond 46, Capt. Lord Napier, he served during part of the Burmese war on board the Liffey 50, Capt. Thos. Coe; and, on his subsequent transference to the Java 52, bearing the flag of Rear-Admiral Hall Gage, he appears to have been much employed in boat operations against the Malay pirates. Having passed his examination in Sept. 1826, he became successively Mate, in Oct. 1827, and March, 1828, of the Tamar 26, Capt. Jas. John Gordon Bremer, and Blonde 46, Capt. Edmund Lyons. He took part, about the latter period, in the blockade of Navarin, and in the following Oct. was employed on shore in constructing batteries, and otherwise co-operating with the French army during the siege of Morea Castle. Being promoted to a Lieutenancy, 4 March, 1829, in the Wasp 18, Capt. Thos. Edw. Hoste, Mr. Blair was next for some time occupied in watching the Russian fleet at the mouth of the Dardanells; after which, he united with the French in their operations against Algiers, and was further active in the extirpation of piracy from the Archipelago. While subsequently attached, from 1 Dec. 1830, until May, 1835, to the Britannia 120, bearing the flag of Sir Pulteney Malcolm, we find him variously employed in the Mediterranean in reference to the affairs of Greece and Turkey, and off Lisbon during the Pedro and Miguel disputes – independently of a short time spent in blockading the Dutch coast. He was reappointed, on 5 April, 1836, to the Britannia, as Flag-Lieutenant, pro tem, to Sir Philip Durham at Portsmouth, but was superseded in March, 1837, and has since been on half-pay. His last commission bears date 23 Nov. 1841.
Commander Blair is a Magistrate and Deputy-Lieutenant for co. Ayr. He married, 22 July, 1840, Caroline Isabella, youngest daughter of the late John Sprot, Esq., of London, by whom he has issue two daughters. Agents – Goode and Lawrence.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Blake, Edgar Henry

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​BLAKE. (Lieutenant, 1845.)
Edgar Henry Blake is eldest son of Henry Blake, Esq., of Renvyle, co. Galway, by Martha Louisa, daughter of Joseph Attersoll, Esq., of Portland Place, London; and grandson of Valentine Blake, Esq., of Lehinch and Renvyle, High-Sheriff of Mayo, who married a grand-daughter of the 8th Lord Teynham.
This officer passed his examination 1 April, 1835; and was for some time employed, as Mate, on board the Excellent gunnery-ship at Portsmouth, Capt. Thos. Hastings, the Rapid 10, commanded on the coast of Africa by Lieut. Edw. Chas. Earle, and the Camperdown and Queen, flag-ships at the Nore of Sir John Chambers White. He obtained his commission 24 March, 1845; and has been since serving in the Melampus 42, Capt. John Norman Campbell, on the S.E. coast of America.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Blake, George Hans

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​BLAKE. (Lieutenant, 1815. f-p., 15; h-p., 28.)
George Hans Blake, born in Aug. 1791, is son of the late Capt. Geo. Blake, R.N. (1802), who died in April, 1822.
This officer entered the Navy, in Aug. 1804, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Lively 38, Capts. Graham Eden Hamond and Geo. M‘Kinley. On 5 Oct. following we find him present, under Capt. Hamond, at the capture of three Spanish frigates laden with treasure, and the destruction of a fourth, off Cape St. Mary; and on 29 May, 1805, participating in the Lively’s single-handed and self-sought skirmish with the Spanish 74-gun ship Glorioso. While in charge, as Midshipman, of a prize, Mr. Blake was unfortunately, on 14 Oct. 1807, captured and taken to France, where he was detained a prisoner until the conclusion of the war in 1814. He then successively joined the Prince 98, flagship at Portsmouth of Sir Richard Bickerston, and Leviathan 74, Capts. Adam Drummond and Thos. Briggs, attached to the fleet in the Mediterranean, whence, having been promoted to the rank of Lieutenant on 22 of the preceding Feb., he returned to England in Dec. 1815. His next appointments were – 18 March, 1817, to the Martin 16, Capt. Andw. Mitchell, in which vessel he was wrecked off the coast of Ireland on 8 Dec. in the same year – and, 5 Aug. 1819, to the Severn 50, Capt. Wm. M‘Culloch, lying in the Downs for the purposes of the Coast Blockade. He left that service in April, 1822, and has since been on half-pay.
Lieut. Blake married, 17 March, 1827, Harriette, second daughter of the late Wm. Leeke, Esq., and grand-daughter of the late Rear-Admiral Isaac Vaillant.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Blackwood, Henry Martin

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​BLACKWOOD, Bart. (Captain, 1827. f-p., 20; h-p., 13.)
Sir Henry Martin Blackwood, born 11 June, 1801, is only son of the late Vice-Admiral Hon. Sir Henry Blackwood, Bart., K.C.B., G.C.H., K.F M., by his second wife, Eliza, fourth daughter of Capt. Martin Waghom, R.N.; half -brother of Capt. F. P. Blackwood, R.N.; and cousin of Lord Dufferin and Claneboy.
This officer entered the Navy, 22 July, 1814, as Third-cl. Boy, on board the Liffey 50, Capt. John Hancock, stationed in the Channel, where he served until April, 1815. He next, in May, 1817, joined the Bulwark 74, Capt. Geo. M‘Kinley; and afterwards officiated as Midshipman, on the Cape of Good Hope, Brazilian, East India, and Home stations, of the Favorite 26, Capt. Hercules Robinson, Leander 50, bearing his father’s flag, Eden 26, Capt. Fras. Erskine Loch, Tees 26, Capt. Thos. Coe, and Dover, Capt. Arthur Batt Bingham. The Eden was actively employed, in 1820, against the pirates of the Persian Gulf. From 6 July, 1822, until his promotion to the rank of Commander, 1 Dec. 1823, we find Mr. Blackwood, whose first commission bears date 30 Nov. 1821, serving on board the Nimrod 18, Capt. Wm. Rochfort, and Active 46, Capt. Andrew King. He obtained command, 26 July, 1826, of the Jasper sloop, on the Mediterranean station, and there served until his advancement to Post-rank, 28 April, 1827. His next appointment was, on 14 Oct. 1843, to the Fox 42, in which frigate, after being for some time employed on Particular Service, he sailed for the East Indies, where, since 29 June, 1844, he has been discharging the duties of Commodore.
Sir H. M. Blackwood married, 12 Aug. 1826, Harriet Louisa, youngest daughter of J. M. Bulkeley, Esq., by whom he has issue. Agents – Messrs. Halford and Co.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Blair, Frederic

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​BLAIR. (Commander, 1842. f-p., 17; h-p., 7.)
Frederic Blair was born 28 Feb. 1809.
This officer entered the Navy, 5 May, 1823, as Midshipman, on board the Egeria 24, Capt. Sam. Roberts, on the Newfoundland station. He subsequently served in the Owen Glendower 42, Capt. Hood Hanway Christian, at the Cape of Good Hope, and Victory 104, Capt. Hon. Geo. Elliot, guardship at Portsmouth; passed his examination, 6 N ov. 1829; and was made Lieutenant into the Warspite 76, Capts. Wm. Henry Shirreff and Jas. Wigston, on the South American station, 10 Feb. 1830. He afterwards joined – 6 Oct. in the same year, the Volage 28, Capt. Lord Colchester, employed in the Pacific and North Sea – 25 Oct. 1833, the Edinburgh 74, Capt. Jas. Rich. Dacres, in the Mediterranean – for a short period in 1835, the Talavera 74, Capt. Edw. Chetham, in which ship he returned to England – 10 April, 1837, the Coast Guard – and, 6 Dec. 1841, as First-Lieutenant, the St. Vincent 120, bearing the flag, at Portsmouth, of Sir Edw. Codrington. He was promoted to his present rank 7 March, 1842; and, since 23 Dec. 1845, has been employed as an Inspecting Commander in the Coast Guard.
Commander Blair married, 24 April, 1837, Mary, eldest daughter of the Rev. C. Massingberd, Rector of Kettlethorpe, co. Lincoln, by whom he has issue three children.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Blackwood, Francis Price

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​BLACKWOOD. (Capt., 1838. f-p., 18; h-p., 8.)
Francis Price Blackwood, born 25 May, 1809, is second son of the late Vice-Admiral Hon. Sir Henry Blackwood, Bart., K.C.B., by his third wife, Harriet, daughter of Fras. Gore, Esq.; and half-brother of the present Sir H. M. Blackwood, Bart., Capt. R.N.
This officer entered the Navy 6 Dec. 1821; obtained his first commission 8 Aug. 1828; joined the Arachne 28, Capt. Fred. Marryat, 8 Nov. following; and while serving on board the Alligator 28, Capt. Chas. Philip Yorke, was promoted to the rank of Commander, 22 Nov. 1830. He was appointed to the command, 7 Feb. 1833, of the Hyacinth 18, on the East India station, which sloop he paid off towards the close of 1836 : obtained Post-rank, 28 June, 1838; and, from 17 Nov. 1841, until 1846, was in command, part of the time with the broad pendant of Commodore, of the Fly surveying-vessel, on the same station. He is now on half-pay. Agent – Joseph Woodhead.
# A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations/Osiandrians

OSIANDRIANS, a denomination among the Lutherans, founded in 1550, by Andrew Osiander, a celebrated German divine, of high Calvinistic principles, similar to Crisp, Hussey, and others, charged with leaning to Antinomianism. One of his positions was -that the believers being made partakers of Christ's divine righteousness by faith, God can behold no sin in them, though in themselves the chief of sinners.

## Original footnotes

* ↑ Mosheim, vol. iv. p. 10.
# A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations/Mendicants

*MENDICANTS, or Begging Friars: several religious orders in popish countries, who, having no settled revenues, are supported by charitable contributions.

## Original footnotes

* ↑ Buck's Theological Dictionary.
# A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations/Ophians

OPHIANS, OPHITES or SERPENTARIANS, seems to be the name of serveral sects, so called from their reverence, and in many cases worship, of the serpent. Mr. Bryant thinks this almost universally prevailed in the heathen world, and names many countries which adopted it, particularly Egypt. The cause seems to have had its origin in the opinion, that the serpent was "more subtle than any other beast of the field." It is not difficult to account, therefore, for the serpent being an early emblem of wisdom.
There were also Ophites who were a sort of mongrel christians, and perhaps revered the serpent as a type of Christ, as the brazen serpent is still considered. (John iii. 14, 15.) The Ophites are considered by many authors, as a kind of Gnostics.

## Original footnotes

* ↑ Holwell's Mytholog. Dict. p. 303.
* ↑ Lardner's Heretics, p. 352.
# A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations/Orthodox

*ORTHODOX, sound in the faith, a term generally applied by the established church in every age and country to its own creed'and denied to all doctrinal dissenters from it.
# A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations/Mennonites

MENNONITES, a society of baptists in Holland: so called from Menno Simonis of Frlesland, who lived in the sixteenth century. He was originally a Romish priest, but joined a party of the Anabaptists, and becoming their leader, reduced the system to consistency and moderation. The Mennonites maintain that practical piety is the essence of religion, and that the surest mark of the true church is the sanctity of its members. They plead for universal toleration in religion; and debar none from their assemblies who lead pious lives, and own the scriptures for the word of God. They teach that infants are not the proper subjects of baptism; and that the ministers of the gospel ought not to receive salaries. They object to the terms person and trinity, as not consistent with the simplicity of the gospel. They deny the lawfulness of repelling force by force, and consider war in all its shapes as unchristian and unjust; they also teach that it is unlawful to take an oath on any occasion; and are extremely averse to the infliction of capital punishments.
In their private meetings every one has the liberty to speak, to expound the scriptures, and to pray. They assemble (or used to do so) twice every year from all parts of Holland, at Rynsbourg, a village two leagues from Leyden, at which time they receive the communion, sitting at a table in the manner of the independents; but in their form of discipline they are said more to resemble the presbyterians.
The ancient Mennonites professed a contempt of erudition and science; and excluded all from their communion, who deviated in the least from the most rigorous rules of simplicity and gravity; but this primitive austerity is greatly diminished in their most considerable societies. Those, who adhere to their ancient discipline, are called Flemings, or Flandrians. The whole sect were formerly called Waterlandians, from the district in which they lived.
The Mennonites in Pennsylvania do not baptize by Immersion, though they administer the ordinance to none but adult persons. Their common method is this: The person to be baptized kneeling, the minister holds his hands over him, into which the deacon pours water, and through which it runs on the head of the baptized; after which, follow imposition of hands and prayer.

## Original footnotes

* ↑ Mosheim's Eccles. Hist. vol. iv. p. 151—162. Dict. Arts and Sciences, vol. iii. p. 2,037. Edwards' Hist. of the Amer. Baptists, vol. i. p. 94
# A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations/Oriental Philosophy

ORIENTAL PHILOSOPHY. The oriental philosophers endeavoured to explain the nature and origin of all things, by the principle of emanation from an eternal fountain of being. The formation of this philosophy into a regular system has been attributed to Zoroaster, an ancient Persian philosopher, who adopted the principle, generally held by the ancients, that "from nothing nothing can be produced." He supposed spirit and matter, light and darkness, to be emanations from one eternal source.
The active and passive principles he conceived to be perpetually at variance; the former tending to produce good, the latter, evil: but that through the intervention of the supreme Being the contest would at last terminate in favour of the good principle. According to Zoroaster, various orders of spiritual beings, gods, or demons, have proceeded from the Deity, which are more or less perfect, as they are at a greater or less distance, in the course of emanation, from the eternal fountain of intelligence; among those, the human soul is a particle of divine light, which will return to its source and partake of its immortality: and matter is the last, or most distant emanation from the first source of being, which, on account of its distance from the fountain of light, becomes opaque and inert, and whilst it remains in that state is the cause of evil; but, being gradually refined, it will at last return to the fountain from whence it flowed.

## Original footnotes

* ↑ Enfield.
# A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations/Ossenians

OSSENIANS, or OSSENS. See Heclesaites.
# A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations/Oeconomists

*OECONOMISTS, a party of French philosophers, who ingratiated themselves both with the Kind (Louis XV) and the people, under pretence of promoting oeconomy in the state, while their main object, according to the Abbe Barruel, was to subvert christianity, by circulating the writings of Voltaire, Diderot, and other infidels.
# A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations/Oratory

ORATORY, priests of the. There were two religious congregations which assumed this name; the one founded in Italy by Philip de Neri in 1548; who also founded an hospital for pilgrims to Rome so large that in the year 1600, it lodged successively 470,000 persons. The other, called "the oratory of Jesus," was founded in France and its chief object was "neither learning nor theology;" --but to cultivate "the virtues of the ecclesiastical life."

## Original footnotes

* ↑ Scotch Theolog. Dict.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Heath, William Andrew James

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​HEATH. (Lieutenant, 1844.)
William Andrew James Heath entered the Navy in 1832; passed his examination 4 Dec. 1839; and served for nearly five years, on the Mediterranean and North American stations, as Mate of the Pique 36, Capts. Edw. Boxer; Rich. Augustus Yates, Henry Forbes, and Hon. Montagu Stopford; under the first-named of which officers (by whom his conduct was mentioned in the highest terms) he took part, during the operations of 1840 on the coast of Syria, in the capture of Caiffa and Tsour, and the bombardment of St. Jean d’Acre. H« obtained his commission 26 Nov. 1844; was appointed, 13 Dec. following, Additional-Lieutenant of the Illustrious 72, flag-ship of Sir Chas. Adam in North America and the West Indies; and since 27 Jan. 1845, has been employed on the same station in the Hyacinth 18, Capt. Fras. Scott.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Heddington, Thomas

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​HEDDINGTON. (Commander, 1806.)
Thomas Heddington entered the Navy, previously to the year 1786, as a Boy, on board the Invincible 74, and, after an intermediate servitude in the Pégase and Castor frigates, Capts. Sam. Marshall and John Sam. Smith, became Midshipman, in Feb. 1791, of the Chatham, Lieut.-Commanders Wm. Robt. Broughton and Peter Puget, under whom he made a voyage of discovery round the world, and was for a considerable time engaged in surveying the coast of America. He was promoted, on his return home, to a Lieutenancy, 6 Nov. 1795, in the Kangaroo 18, Capt. Hon. Courtenay Boyle; and, between July, 1796, and the early part of 1802, he was next employed, on the Channel and Irish stations, in the Dryad 36, Capt. Lord Amelius Beauclerk, Havock, Capt. Philip Bartholomew, Saturn 94, Capts. Jacob Waller and Thos. Totty, Venus frigate, Capt. Thos. Graves, and Orion 74, Capt. Robt. Carthew Reynolds. Attaining the rank of Commander, after having for two years and a half had charge of a Signal-station at Hawkesley Point, 25 Sept. 1806, he was subsequently, between Feb. 1808 and April, 1814, employed at various places as Regulating Captain, and Agent for Prisoners of War. He has since been on half-pay.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Heathcote, Edmund

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​HEATHCOTE. (Lieutenant, 1840.)
Edmund Heathcote entered the Navy 19 Dec. 1828; passed his examination in 1833; and attained his present rank 10 Jan. 1840. His appointments have since been, at first as Additional, but latterly as Senior Lieutenant – 19 March, 1840, to the President 50, flag-ship in South America of Rear-Admiral Chas. Bayne Hodgson Ross – 25 Feb. 1841, and 27 June, 1844, to the Electra 18, Capts. Edw. Reeves Philip Mainwaring, Philip Gostling, and Arthur Darley, and Eurydice 26, Capt. Geo. Elliot, both on the North America and West India station – and 8 July, 1846, to the Constance 50, Capt. Sir Baldwin Wake Walker, with whom he is now serving in the Pacific.
He married, in 1844, Elizabeth Lucy, eldest daughter of Lieut.-Colonel Law, K.H., commanding the Royal Newfoundland Companies.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Heath, Leopold George

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​HEATH. (Lieutenant, 1840.)
Leopold George Heath entered the Navy, 24 Dec. 1831; passed his examination in 1836; and obtained his commission 22 Dec. 1840. He then joined the Impregnable 104, Capt. Thos. Forrest, on the Mediterranean station; and on 19 Oct. 1843, he was appointed to the Iris 26, Capt. Geo. Rodney Mundy, whom he accompanied to the East Indies. During an expedition conducted in July, 1846,. by Sir Thos. John Cochrane against the Sultan of Borneo, we find Mr. Heath, on 8 of that month, assisting, as second in command of the rocket-party, at the capture and destruction of the enemy’s forts and batteries on the river Brune. On the ensuing ascent of a branch of that stream, by a force under Capt. Mundy, he led the boats, and by his efficient command of a body of pioneers proved of the greatest utility in clearing the passage of the many overhanging trees and other obstructions with which ite navigation was beset. After the disembarkation of the British at the village of Mallout, he accompanied them in their arduous and fruitless pursuit of the Sultan to a place called Damuan, and again performed valuable service. He has been in acting-command, since Jan. 1847, of the Wolf 18, on the same station.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Heathcote, George Henry

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​HEATHCOTE. (Lieutenant, 1824.)
George Henry Heathcote was born 13 May, 1798.
This officer entered the Navy, in the winter of 1812, on board the Medina 20, Capt. Henry Bourchier, whom he accompanied to Newfoundland. In 1813 he proceeded, with the consent of Sir Josiah C. Coghill, to the West Indies in the Ister 36; and we afterwards, in 1815, find him employed at St. Helena on board the Conqueror 74, flag-ship of Rear-Admiral Robt. Plampin. In Aug. 1816, he fought and was wounded at Algiers in the Glasgow 40, Capt. Hon. Anthony Maitland. The next ship he joined was, we believe, the Liffey 50, Capt. Hon. Henry Duncan, fitting at Chatham. From 1820 until within a short period of his promotion to the rank of Lieutenant 31 March, 1824, Mr. Heathcote was lastly employed, on the Mediterranean station, in the Revolutionnaire 46, Capt. Hon. Fleetwood Broughton Reynolds Pellew, and Rochfort 80, flag-ship of Sir Graham Moore. Agents – Hallett and Robinson.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Helpman, Benjamin Francis

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​HELPMAN. (Lieutenant, 1841.)
Benjamin Francis Helpman entered the Navy Dec. 1829; passed his examination 3 Jan. 1831; and was promoted from the Wellesley 72, bearing the broad pendant on the China station of Sir Gordon Bremer, to the rank of Lieutenant 22 Oct. 1841. He has not been since officially employed.
Lieut. Helpman has been in command for a considerable time of the Champion Colonial schooner, in Western Australia. Agent – J. Hinxman.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Brown, John Hoskins

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​BROWN. (Lieut., 1814. f-p., 11; h-p., 31.)
John Hoskins Brown entered the Navy, 25 July, 1805, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Prince 98, Capts. Rich. Grindall, Wm. Lechmere, and Alex. Eraser, under the first of whom he was present, as Midshipman, at the battle of Trafalgar, 21 Oct. following. In April, 1807, he removed with Capt. Fraser to the Vanguard 74, one of Lord Gambler’s fleet in the expedition to Copenhagen; and he was subsequently most actively employed in the same ship, under Capt. Thos. Baker, Rear-Admiral Thos. Bertie, and Capt. Hen. Rich. Glynn, in blockading Zealand, protecting the various British and Swedish convoys passing through the Sound, and skirmishing with the Danish gun-boats. He next, in May, 1809, joined the Tartarus sloop, Capt. Thos. Fras. Chas. Mainwaring, in which vessel we find him, in 1810, contributing to the destruction of two French privateers off Pillau, and then escorting Gustavus, the ex-King of Sweden, from Riga to England. He was afterwards successively transferred, in Nov. 1810, March, 1812, and March, 1813 – to the Seine 38, Capt. John Hatley, with whom he visited Quebec – Pomone 38, Capt. Philip Carteret, lying in the Downs – and Prince Regent 56, Commodore Sir Jas. Lucas Yeo. Under the latter officer Mr. Brown shared in most of the operations on the Lakes of Canada, until at length taken prisoner. He obtained his commission 16 Aug. 1814; but has not, since Sept. 1815, been afloat.
Lieut. Brown at present holds the appointment of Registrar-General of Seamen.