# Japanese flower arrangement/Chapter 9

CHAPTER NINE WATER-GROWING BULBS AND ALL ARRANGEMENTS MADE IN LOW BROAD RECEPTACLES
LEAD rings and metal flower holders are used in place of the wooden supports for water-growing plants, and always in the flat, low receptacles. These holders are made in many shapes and of lead, iron, and bronze. The commonest are of lead, usually of two or three circles, each forming openings for the flowers; and in the shape of turtles, fish, etc. An attractive holder is a bronze crab holding the group of flowers in his claws at one side of the receptacle.
The finger openings of the scissors used for cutting flowers may also be employed as a holder when no other is to be had. Or a metal chain placed around the group of ​flowers and tied in a loose knot with the ends pulled out makes an excellent holder.
Use your own ingenuity and see if you cannot find amongst your possessions something
Before you commence remember that you are not merely trying to arrange a group of flowers suitable to the low vase, and which will appear well in it, but that you are endeavoring to represent the conditions in which the plant grew. Should the plant ​have been growing in or near the water in its natural habitat, make the flowers and leaves occupy the smaller part of the vase at side or corner and the water predominate.
When ready to arrange the flowers, select them as before, according to the three principles of Heaven, Man, and Earth. But in these flat vases it is better to make a separation in the groups. Put your Heaven and Man in one opening of the holder, placing Man in front of Heaven, and Earth in an ​opening by itself, with at least one opening intervening between it and the Heaven group. This better represents the growth
Simple Arrangement of Iris
Arrangement of Yellow Lilies and Reed Grasses
Arrangement of Three Irises
Water Arrangement showing Iris and Grasses
Different Ways of grouping Iris Leaves
Simple Arrangement of Leaves
Water Arrangement. Showing how a branch may touch the water but must come out again turning upward
Arrangement of Common Yellow Lily
It is not correct in these arrangements to let any of the groups hang over the edge of the vase. The edge is considered as the frame of the picture, and nothing should be allowed to pass beyond it. A branch or spray in these water-growing arrangements may, however, bend over and touch the water, pass under it, and come out again, pointing upwards.
Flowers Arranged in Holders are Easier for a Beginner
The holder stands up of itself, and after placing it in the vase you can at once begin work. Then, too, the lines in these arrangements are more simple and upright and are arranged according to relative height and position, only very little bending being required. To my thinking there is no arrangement of flowers more beautiful than these in the low vases, and nothing can be accomplished more quickly.
​This style of Japanese flower arrangement is easily adapted to Western table decoration. There is no end to their variety. The low, broad proportions of these arrangements make them more suitable than the high groups generally used, cutting off those seated on one side of the table from those on the other, which is not conducive to conversation.
In these flat, open vases even a few grasses will make an attractive arrangement. Use perhaps nine grasses for your Heaven, seven for Man, and five or three for Earth. If you are unable to get any sedge or reeds, ​which would naturally grow at the water's edge, use the foliage of daffodils or narcissi, and you will find the result as pleasing as if you had used flowers.
In these vases stones and rocks used to simulate a river bed make an effective decoration. On the bottom of the vase place small stones fitted together closely so that the bottom is hidden. On top of these small stones place three quite large ones; one, as with the flowers, representing the Heaven element, the second that of Man, and the third the Earth. The stones should be something like these. Place the Heaven and Man stones near together, the Earth stone at a little distance, spacing like the ​water-growing plants. A bit of moss on the tops of these stones, or a tiny bit of cedar or hemlock trimmed into a tree shape and put at the side of the tallest or Heaven rock, makes a charming arrangement when no flowers are to be had.