OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hutt, John

​HUTT, JOHN (1746–1794), captain in the navy, uncle of Sir William Hutt [q. v.], was promoted to be lieutenant in 1773. In 1780 he was serving in the West Indies on board the St. Lucia brig, and in October was moved into the Sandwich by Sir George Rodney, who, on 12 Feb. 1781, promoted him to the command of the Antigua brig. In May, when De Grasse attempted to recapture the island of St. Lucia, the Antigua was lying in Dauphin Creek, where she was seized and burnt, Hutt and the ship's company being made prisoners. In November he was allowed to return to England on parole, and, being shortly afterwards exchanged, was tried for the loss of his ship, and acquitted. In July 1782 he was appointed to command the Trimmer sloop for service in the Channel, and from her was posted, in the following year, to the Camilla of 20 guns, in which he went out to Jamaica. The Camilla returned to England in November 1787, and in July 1790 Hutt commissioned the Lizard frigate. In September he was sent off' Ferrol to get intelligence of the Spanish force, and brought back the news that the Spanish fleet had retired to Cadiz. In 1793 he was appointed to the Queen as flag-captain to Rear-admiral Sir Alan Gardner [q. v.], whom he had already known as commodore on the Jamaica station. He was serving in this capacity in the fleet under Lord Howe on 28-9 May 1794, when the admirable way in which the Queen was handled excited general attention. She was equally distinguished in the action of 1 June, in which Hutt lost a leg. No serious danger was at first apprehended, but after the return of the fleet to Spithead the wound took an unfavourable turn, and Hutt died on 30 June. A monument to his memory, in conjunction with that of Captain John Harvey [q. v.], who was also mortally wounded in the action, was erected, at the public expense, in Westminster Abbey.
J. K. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hutt, William

Contains subarticle Sir George Hutt (1809-1889). 1904 Errata appended.
​HUTT, Sir WILLIAM (1801–1882), politician, third son of Richards Hutt, of Appley Towers, Ryde, Isle of Wight, was born at 2 Chester Place, in the parish of St. Mary, Lambeth, Surrey, on 6 Oct. 1801, and was privately baptised in February 1802. He was educated at private schools at Ryde and Camberwell, matriculated from St. Mary Hall, Oxford, 15 Feb. 1820, where he remained until August 1820, and then studied with a private tutor at Hatfield, Essex, until he entered at Trinity College, Cambridge. He graduated B.A. in 1827, and M.A. in 1831. A Cambridge friend, Lord Arran, introduced him to Mary, daughter of J. Milner, of Staindrop, Durham, and countess dowager of Strathmore, whom he married on 16 March 1831. She was an heiress, and in her lifetime Hutt resided at Streatlam Castle, Durham, and at Gibside. He was M.P. for Hull from 13 Dec. 1832 to 23 June 1841, and for Gateshead from 29 June 1841 to 26 Jan. 1874. He supported free trade, took an active part in colonial and commercial questions, was a commissioner for the foundation of South Australia, and received the thanks of the London shipowners for his exertions in the extinction of the Stade and Sound dues. As a member of the New Zealand Company, he was instrumental in annexing those islands to Great Britain. He was made paymaster-general, vice-president of the Board of Trade, and sworn in a privy councillor on 22 Feb. 1860. In 1865 he successfully negotiated at Vienna a treaty of commerce with Austria, and was appointed on 1 March 1865 a member of the mixed commission to examine into the Austrian tariff. He was nominated a K.C.B. on 27 Nov. 1860. He died at Appley Towers, Ryde, on 24 Nov. 1882, leaving his landed property to his brother, Major-general Sir George Hutt, K.C.B. (see below). His first wife. Lady Strathmore, died on 5 May 1860, leaving him collieries which produced about 18,000l. a year. He married, secondly, on 15 June 1861, Fanny Anne Jane, daughter of the Hon. Sir Francis Stanhope, and widow of Colonel James Hughes; she died in 1886.
Hutt, Sir George (1809-1889), brother of the above, was a distinguished officer of the old Indian artillery. He served with credit through the Scinde and Afghan campaigns of 1839-44, and for the performance of his battery at Meeanee was made a C.B. He commanded the artillery in the Persian war of 1857, and rendered valuable aid to Sir Bartle Frere in Scinde during the mutiny. When he retired in 1858 the government of Bombay thanked him for his services. In 1865 he became registrar and secretary to the commissioners of Chelsea Hospital, and ​held that appointment until 1886, in which year he was made K.C.B. He died at Appley Towers, 27 Sept, 1889. He married, in 1862, Adela, daughter of General Sir John Scott, K.C.B., by whom he left a family.
G. C. B.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.163 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hutten, Leonard

​HUTTEN, LEONARD (1557?–1632), divine and antiquary, born about 1557, was educated on the foundation at Westminster School, whence he was elected to Christ Church, Oxford, in 1574. He graduated B.A. on 12 Nov. 1578, and M.A. on 3 March 1581-2, commenced B.D. on 27 April 1591. and was admitted D.D. on 14 April 1600 (Reg. of Univ. of Oxf. , Oxf. Hist. Soc., vol. ii. pt. iii. p. 76). In January 1587 he was presented by his college to the vicarage of Long Preston, Yorkshire, which he held until December 1588. He was next instituted to the rectory of Rampisham, Dorsetshire, on 10 Oct. 1595, and ceded it in 1601 (Hutchins, Dorsetshire, 2nd edit. ii. 259). On 19 Dec. 1599 he was made a prebendary of Christ Church Cathedral (Le Neve, Fasti, ed. Hardy, ii. 529), and on 6 June 1601 received the vicarage of Floore, Northamptonshire, another college preferment, which he retained with his prebend until his death (Baker, Northamptonshire, i. 157). He was also subdean of Christ Church. He officiated at the opening of the Bodleian Library in 1602, and on 24 Sept. of that year became vicar of Weedon Beck, Northamptonshire, a preferment which he resigned in 1604 (ib. i. 454). He was appointed by the king in 1604 one of the translators of the Bible. Hutten contributed to the collection of verses made by Christ Church when James I visited the college in 1605, and to other of the university collections. During the same year he published a learned work called 'An Answere to a certaine treatise of the Crosse in Baptisme intituled A Short Treatise of the Crosse in Baptisme,' 4to, Oxford, 1605, dedicated to Bancroft, archbishop of Canterbury, whose chaplain he was. On 1 Oct. 1609 he was installed a prebendary in St. Paul's Cathedral (Le Neve, ii. 431). He died on 17 May 1632, aged 75, and was buried in the divinity (or Latin) chapel of Christ Church Cathedral (epitaph in Wood's Colleges and Halls, ed. Gutch, p. 503). By his wife, Anne Hamden, he had a daughter Alice, married to Dr. Richard Corbet [q. v.], afterwards successively bishop of Oxford and Norwich. He left in manuscript an English dissertation on the 'Antiquities of Oxford,' which was printed in 1720 by T. Hearne in his edition of the 'Textus Roffensis ' from a copy belonging to Dr. Robert Plot, and again in 1887 by the Rev. C. Plummer in 'Elizabethan Oxford' (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) The work is in the form of a letter, and, despite Wood's disparaging criticism, is of much interest. Another of Hutton's manuscripts, entitled 'Historia Fundationum Ecclesiæ Christi Oxon.,' an inaccurate copy of which Wood saw in the hands of Dr. John Fell, is now lost. According to some, Hutten was the author of a play entitled 'Bellum Grammaticale,' which was performed at Oxford before Queen Elizabeth in 1592, and printed at London in 1635 and 1726, but Wood on chronological grounds denies this.
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hutton, Adam

​HUTTON, ADAM (d. 1389), chancellor of England. [See Houghton.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Grant, Peter

​GRANT, PETER (d. 1784), Scotch abbé, born in the diocese of Moray, was a member of the Grant family of Blairfind in Glenlivat. He entered the Scotch College at Rome in 1726 and returned to Scotland as a priest in 1735. He was sent to the mission of Glengarry, where he remained till 1737, when, upon the murder of the Roman agent, Mr. Stuart, he was appointed to fill that office. He became acquainted with all the British travellers who went to Rome, and rendered them many services. For a long period hardly any British subject of ​distinction visited Rome without being provided with letters of introduction to the Abbé Grant. Clement XI was very fond of him and meant to raise him to the purple, but died before he was able to carry his intention into effect. Grant died at Rome on 1 Sept. 1784.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Grant, Thomas (1816-1870)

​GRANT, THOMAS, D.D. (1816–1870), bishop of Southwark, was born at Ligny-les-Aires in the diocese of Arras, France, on 25 Nov. 1816, being the son of Sergeant (afterwards Captain) Bernard Grant, an Irishman and an officer in the British army. Under the auspices of Dr. Briggs, afterwards bishop of Beverley, he was sent to St. Cuthbert's College, Ushaw, near Durham, and in 1836 to the English College at Rome, of which he became rector in 1844, in succession to Dr. Baggs. He was secretary to Cardinal Acton, and was agent at Rome for the English bishops who were petitioning for the restoration of the hierarchy. He translated into Italian, for the use of Propaganda, the numerous English documents sent to the holy see during the progress of those negotiations, and he furnished Mgr. Palma with the materials for his historical preface to the apostolic decree of 1850, re-establishing the Roman catholic hierarchy in this country. He was ​nominated by Pope Pius IX the first bishop of the new see of Southwark, and was consecrated at Rome by Cardinal Franzoni 6 July 1851. He was eminent for the simplicity and self-denial of his life, and for his extreme modesty. His opinion was frequently sought by the government on points where the canon law and the law of the land appeared to be in conflict, and, according to Bishop Ullathorne, he was very successful in negotiations respecting the appointment of catholic chaplains in the public services. Although suffering from cancer in the stomach, he went to Rome in November 1869 to attend the œcumenical council of the Vatican. He was appointed latinist to the council, and member of the congregation for the oriental rite and the apostolic missions. Ill-health incapacitated him from taking any active duty after 14 Feb. 1870. He died at Rome, 1 June 1870, and was buried in the cemetery attached to the convent at Norwood, Surrey.
A biography of him was published by 'Grace Ramsay' (i.e. Miss Kathleen O'Meara), London, 1874, 8vo, with two photographic portraits. A monument with bust was erected to his memory in St. George's Cathedral, Southwark.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Grant, Thomas Tassell

​GRANT, Sir THOMAS TASSELL (1795–1859), inventor, born in 1795, entered the service in 1812, and in 1828 was appointed storekeeper at the Clarence victualling yard, Gosport. His steam machinery for manufacturing biscuit was invented in 1829, and he was rewarded by a parliamentary grant of 2,000l. and medals from the French crown and the Society of Arts. It effected a saving to the nation of 30,000l. a year. Other important inventions were a new life-buoy, a feathering paddle-wheel, and (about 1839) 'Grant's patent fuel,' which was extensively used in the navy. His greatest achievement was the distilling from the sea of fresh water for drinking and culinary purposes. He had proposed it in 1834, but it was not adopted till fourteen or fifteen years later. In 1850 he became comptroller of the victualling and transport service, and held the post during the Crimean war. The Wye, fitted up with his distilling apparatus, was despatched to the Crimea, and produced ten thousand gallons of fresh water daily. His health broke down under the strain of the war, and he retired in 1858 and was created K.C.B. He was a prominent member of the Royal Society. He died 15 Oct. 1859, at his house in Chester Terrace, Regent's Park.
J. B-y.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Grant, Malcolm

​GRANT, MALCOLM (1762–1831), lieutenant-general in the East India Company's service, was appointed to an infantry cadetship on the Bombay establishment in 1776, left England in January 1777,and was made ensign on 20 Nov. following. In 1779 he served with a corps employed against the Mahrattas during the war in support of Ragonauth Rao. He became lieutenant in 1780, and in 1780-1 served at the siege of Bassein and elsewhere with the Bengal force under General Goddard, and was afterwards employed in the neighbouring districts, and subsequently in Malabar under General Macleod until 1788, when he went home on furlough. He became captain 19 Jan. 1789, and major 8 Jan. 1796. He returned to India in 1790, and was employed from 1792 to 1798 in Malabar. When operations were commenced against Tippoo Sultan he commanded the Bombay native grenadier battalion in the force sent under Colonel Little to act against the Mahrattas. This force was obliged to retire, and Grant's corps embarked 'at Jeyghar and proceeded by sea to Cannonore, and thence by the Pondicherryum ghauts, reaching Sidapoor on the Cavary before the fall of Seringapatam. After the capture of the Mysore, Grant, in command of the 1st battalion 3rd Bombay native infantry, was employed with the troops under General James Stuart at Mangalore and in Canara, and at the reduction of the fortress of Jemaulghur. On 6 March 1800 he became lieutenant-colonel 8th Bombay native infantry, with which he served several years in Malabar, then in open rebellion, and in 1804 he succeeded Colonel Montresor in the chief command in Malabar and Canara. Madras troops having relieved the Bombay force in these districts in December of the same year, Grant was on his way to Bombay when he received reinforcements of artillery and stores from the presidency, with orders to land in the Concan with the force under his command, about three thousand men, and effect the reduction of the fortress of Savendroog, then held, says Sir Barry Close, 'by that wily and atrocious rebel, Hurry Bellal.' This service Grant accomplished to the entire satisfaction of the Indian government and of the peishwa. In 1807 Grant returned to England in extreme ill-health. He was appointed lieutenant-colonel commandant in 1809, and in 1810 colonel of the 9th Bombay native infantry; he became a major-general in 1813, and lieutenant-general in 1825. He died at his residence in Upper Wimpole Street, London, 28 Sept. 1831, aged 69.
H. M. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Grant, Patrick

​GRANT, PATRICK, Lord Elchies (1690–1754), judge, son of Captain Grant of Easter Elchies, born 1690, was admitted an advocate on 12 Feb. 1712, and obtained a good practice. On 3 Nov. 1732 he was raised to the bench with the title of Lord Elchies, in succession to Sir John Maxwell of Pollock; on 3 March 1737 he succeeded Walter Pringle of Newhall as a lord of justiciary; and he died at Inch House, near Edinburgh, on 27 July 1754. He was a man with strong grasp of legal principles and power of reasoning, and an intuitive perception of law, but, though perfectly upright, he was harsh and overbearing in manner. He collected the decisions of the court of session from 1733 to 1757, which were printed in 1813 by W. M. Morison, wrote notes to Stair's 'Institutes,' which appeared in 1824, and left notes in manuscript upon his sessions papers, which are preserved in the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh.
J. A. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Grant, Roger

​GRANT, ROGER (d. 1724), quack oculist, having lost an eye as a soldier in the German emperor's service, set up as an oculist in Queen Anne's reign in Mouse Alley, Wapping, and contrived to get appointed oculist to Anne and to George I, and to acquire considerable wealth. He is satirically referred to us 'putting out eyes with great success' in No. 444 of the 'Spectator' (30 July 1712). A sheet describing his professed cures is in the British Museum Library, and also an 'Account of a Miraculous Cure of a Young Man in Newington,' London, 1709, evidently written to discredit his pretensions. The latter pamphlet states that Grant was a baptist preacher, had been a cobbler, and was illiterate. He died 7 April 1724 (Hist. Reg. for 1724, p. 20).
G. T. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Davis, William (1771-1807)

​DAVIS, WILLIAM (1771–1807), mathematician, was editor of the ‘Companion to the Gentleman's Diary’ from its commencement in 1798 to his death. The ‘Companion’ was afterwards edited by John Hampshire, who died in 1825; and it ceased with the number for 1827. Davis was a bookseller at 2 Albion Buildings, Aldersgate Street, London, whence he issued catalogues. He described himself as a member of the Mathematical and Philosophical Society. In 1803 he published a revised edition of Motte's translation of Sir Isaac Newton's ‘Principles of Natural Philosophy,’ with additions and a life of Newton. In 1805 he revised Thomas Simpson's ‘Fluxions,’ which he published with a life of the author. Davis also wrote ‘A Complete Course of Land Surveying,’ ‘An Easy and Comprehensive Description and Use of the Globes and Keys,’ to Bonnycastle's ‘Algebra,’ ‘Mensuration,’ and ‘Arithmetic.’ He edited Colin Maclaurin's ‘Fluxions’ (1801), Rowe's ‘Fluxions’ (1809), and the sixth edition of Fenning's ‘Algebraist's Companion.’ He died on 8 Feb. 1807, aged 36. His widow Anne afterwards married J. S. Dickson, a bookseller and printer of 18 Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row, who afterwards moved (1812) to Bartholomew Close, Smithfield. In 1814 the name of the business was changed to Davis & Dickson, booksellers and printers, of 17 St. Martin's-le-Grand, Newgate Street, London. Mrs. Anne Dickson died on 15 Oct. 1822, when the business came to an end. The sale of the stock took place by auction in November and December 1834, and May 1836. The sale catalogue was called by De Morgan ‘a most remarkable catalogue.’
G. J. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Davison, Edward

​DAVISON, EDWARD (1789–1863), divine, born in 1789, was the son of Edward Davison, B.A., incumbent of the church of St. Nicholas, Durham. He was ordained in 1817, and graduated M.A. of University College, Oxford, in 1819. In 1822 he became rector of Harlington, Middlesex, and on the resignation of his father in 1825 he acquired the living of St. Nicholas, which he retained for thirty-one years. He was an eloquent preacher and a diligent parish priest. He was the author of ‘Tentamen Theologicum, or an attempt to assist the young Clergyman of the Church of England in the choice of a subject for his Sermon on any Sunday throughout the Year,’ Durham, 1850, 12mo; also of several sets of lectures and sermons. He died at Durham on 22 May 1863, in his seventy-fifth year.
R. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Davis, William (1812-1873)

​DAVIS, WILLIAM (1812–1873), landscape and portrait painter, was born in Dublin in 1812, where he studied in the Academy of Arts, and coming to England practised here as a portrait-painter. He was first taken notice of by Mr. John Miller of Liverpool, who encouraged him to devote himself exclusively to landscape-painting. The picture called ‘Harrowing’ in the International Exhibition of 1862 gave him a name in London. When elected a member of the Liverpool Academy, he was appointed professor of painting there. He exhibited at the Royal Academy sixteen landscapes between 1851 and 1872. In 1851 he resided at 21 Chapel Place, ​Liverpool, and settled in London three or four years before his death, which took place 22 April 1873. Most of his pictures were bought by Mr. Rae of Birkenhead, Mr. Miller, Mr. Leathart of Newcastle-on-Tyne, Mr. Squary, and other gentlemen of the neighbourhood of Liverpool. Davis was a Roman catholic.
L. F.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Davison, Jeremiah

​DAVISON, JEREMIAH (1695?–1750?), portrait-painter, was born in England of Scottish parentage about 1695. He studied chiefly the works of Sir Peter Lely, and under the guidance of Joseph van Aken he acquired considerable dexterity in imitating the texture of satin. Having at the meetings of a masonic lodge become acquainted with James, second duke of Athole, he painted his portrait and presented it to the lodge. Subsequently he painted another portrait of the duke, together with that of the duchess, and under their patronage went to Scotland. He worked in Edinburgh, and there, as well as in London, gained a large practice as a portrait-painter, but his works are considered weak both in drawing and colour. In 1730 he painted the portrait of Frederick, prince of Wales. Walpole states that he died towards the close of 1745, aged about fifty; but there is in the possession of the Earl of Morton at Dalmahoy a group representing James, fifteenth earl of Morton, and his family, signed ‘J. Davison, 1750.’ At Greenwich Hospital is a full-length portrait by him of Admiral Byng, first viscount Torrington; in the National Gallery of Scotland is a head of Richard Cooper (d. 1764) [q. v.]; and in the Merchants' Hall, Edinburgh, is a half-length of Elizabeth Macdonald of Largie, wife of Charles Lockhart of Lee and Carnwath. A portrait of Mrs. Clive, the actress, was in Horace Walpole's collection at Strawberry Hill. The younger John Faber engraved Davison's portraits of Frederick, prince of Wales; James, duke of Athole; George, viscount Torrington; and Duncan Forbes, lord president of the court of session. The statue of the last-named in the Parliament House at Edinburgh was modelled by Roubiliac from the portrait by Davison.
R. E. G.