OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ars Victrix

From the French L’Art.
Yes; when the ways oppose —  When the hard means rebel, Fairer the work outgrows, —  More potent far the spell.
O POET, then, forbear  The loosely-sandalled verse, Choose rather thou to wear  The buskin — straight and terse;
Leave to the tiro’s hand  The limp and shapeless style, See that thy form demand  The labour of the file.
SCULPTOR, do thou discard  The yielding clay, — consign To Paros marble hard  The beauty of thy line; —
Model thy Satyr’s face  In bronze of Syracuse; In the veined agate trace  The profile of thy Muse.
PAINTER, that still must mix  But transient tints anew, Thou in the furnace fix  The firm enamel’s hue;
Let the smooth tile receive  Thy dove-drawn Erycine; Thy Sirens blue at eve  Coiled in a wash of wine.
All passes. ART alone  Enduring stays to us;
The Bust outlasts the throne, —  The Coin, Tiberius;
Even the Gods must go;
 Only the lofty Rhyme Not countless years o’erthrow, —  Not long array of time.
Paint, chisel, then, or write;  But, that the work surpass, With the hard fashion fight, —  With the resisting mass.
This work is a translation and has a separate copyright status to the applicable copyright protections of the original content.
# Arsenault v. Massachusetts/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Per Curiam Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
393 U.S. 5
Arsenault v. Massachusetts
In February 1955 petitioner was arrested in connection with a recent homicide and attempted robbery. The next morning at a probable-cause hearing, but unassisted by counsel, he pleaded guilty to counts of murder and assault with intent to rob. Six days later at his arraignment, and again unaided by counsel, he pleaded not guilty to an indictment charging him with first-degree murder. After being assigned counsel for trial he took the stand in his own defense and again pleaded not guilty to the indictment, asserting instead that he lacked the premeditation necessary for first-degree murder. On cross-examination, the district attorney questioned him about his prior statements at the preliminary hearing and introduced his plea of guilty for the purpose of refreshing his memory. The jury then returned a verdict of guilty and imposed a sentence of death, since commuted to life imprisonment. On direct review by the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, he assigned as error the admission at trial of his prior plea. The court rejected his claim by affirming the conviction.
In 1966 petitioner sought post-conviction relief from the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court on the ground that our supervening decision in White v. State of Maryland, 373 U.S. 59, 83 S.Ct. 1050, 10 L.Ed.2d 193, rendered his conviction void. While recognizing a 'close similarity' between his case and White, that court nonetheless reaffirmed the judgment below on the ground that White was not retroactive. Petitioner comes here by petition for a writ of certiorari. The motion for leave to proceed in forma pauperis and the petition for a writ of certiorari are granted.
In White v. State of Maryland an accused pleaded guilty when arraigned at a preliminary hearing, and at that time had no counsel to represent him. We held that Hamilton v. State of Alabama, 368 U.S. 52, 82 S.Ct. 157, 7 L.Ed.2d 114, was applicable, as only the aid of counsel could have enabled the accused to know all the defenses available to him and to plead intelligently. White v. State of Maryland is indistinguishable in principle from the present case; and we hold that it is applicable here although it was not decided until after the arraignment and trial in the instant case.
The right to counsel at the trial (Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335, 83 S.Ct. 792, 9 L.Ed.2d 799) on appeal (Douglas v. People of State of California, 372 U.S. 353, 83 S.Ct. 814, 6 L.Ed.2d 811) and at the other 'critical' stages of the criminal proceedings (Hamilton v. State of Alabama, supra) have all been made retroactive, since the 'denial of the right must almost invariably deny a fair trial.' See Stovall v. Denno, 388 U.S. 293, 297, 87 S.Ct. 1967, 1970, 18 L.Ed.2d 1199.
Reversed.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Higginson, Francis

Edition of 1892.
​HIGGINSON, Francis, clergyman, b. in England in 1588; d. in Salem, Mass., 6 Aug., 1630. He was graduated at Cambridge, and about 1615 became minister at Claybrooke, one of the parishes of Leicester. Here he acquired great influence as a preacher, but, becoming a Puritan, left his parish, although he continued to preach occasionally in the pulpits of the established church. He refused offers of many excellent livings on account of his opinions, and was supporting himself by preparing young men for the university, when, in 1628, he was invited by the Massachusetts Bay company to accompany its expedition to New England in the following year. He arrived in Salem on 29 June, 1629, and on 20 July was chosen teacher of the congregation. He drew up a confession of faith, which was assented to, on 6 Aug., by thirty persons. In the following winter, in the general sickness that ravaged the colony, he was attacked by a fever, which disabled him, and finally caused his death. He wrote an account of his voyage, which is preserved in Hutchinson's collection of papers, and “New England's Plantation; or a Short and True Description of the Commodities of that Country” (London, 3d ed., 1630; reprinted in the Massachusetts historical society's collections, vol. i.). — His son, John, clergyman, b. in Claybrooke, England, 6 Aug., 1616; d. in Salem, Mass., 9 Dec., 1708, came to this country with his father, after whose death he assisted in the support of his mother and brothers by teaching in Hartford. With Giles Firmin he was employed by the magistrates and ministers of the Massachusetts colony to take down in short-hand the proceedings of the synod of 1637. He was chaplain of the fort at Saybrook for about four years, and in 1641 went to Guilford as assistant to Rev. Henry Whitfield, whose daughter he married. In 1643 he was one of the “seven pillars” of the church there. He sailed for England with his family in 1659, but the vessel put into Salem harbor on account of the weather, and he accepted an invitation to preach there for a year, finally settling as regular pastor of the church that his father had planted. He was ordained in August, 1660, and continued there till his death. He was an active opponent of the Quakers, but subsequently regretted his zeal, and took no part in the witchcraft prosecutions of 1692. He was one of the most popular divines in New England, and at his death had been seventy-two years in the ministry. He published various sermons, and was the author of the “Attestation” to Cotton Mather's “Magnalia,” which was prefixed to the first book of that work.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Hildreth, Samuel Prescott

Edition of 1892.
​HILDRETH, Samuel Prescott, physician, b. in Methuen, Mass., 30 Sept., 1783; d. in Marietta, Ohio, 24 July, 1863. He was descended from Richard Hildreth, of Cambridge, England. He labored on a farm, and after receiving an academic education studied medicine with Dr. Kittridge of Andover, and received his medical degree in 1805. He began to practise in New Hampshire, but removed to Ohio in 1806, and settled at Belpre. In 1808 he went to Marietta, where he practised with success, also serving in the legislature in 1810-'11. In 1837 he was a member of the geological survey. He presented his valuable scientific library and collections in natural history and conchology to Marietta college. For nearly forty years he contributed to “Silliman's Journal” on meteorology, geology, and paleontology. His publications are “History of the Diseases and Climate of Southeastern Ohio,” printed in 1837 by the Cleveland medical society, of which he was president; “Pioneer History” (Cincinnati, 1848); “Lives of the Early Settlers of Ohio” (1852); “Contributions to the Early History of the North-West” (1864); and “Results of Meteorological Observations made at Marietta in 1826-'59,” reduced and discussed by Charles A. Schott (in “Smithsonian Institution Contributions to Knowledge,” 1870).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Hillegas, Michael

Edition of 1892.
​HILLEGAS, Michael, merchant, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1729; d. there, 29 Sept., 1804. His father, Michael Hillegas, was an early German emigrant. The son engaged in sugar-refining, possessed means and was active in municipal and national affairs. In June, 1774, he became treasurer of the committee of safety, of which Dr. Franklin was president. In 1775 he was appointed by the Continental congress treasurer of the United States, with George Clymer as his assistant, and held this office until 1789. On 2 April, 1781, the general assembly of Pennsylvania passed the following resolution: “Resolved, That Michael Hillegas be requested and empowered to revise, compare, correct, and publish in one volume the resolves of the committee of the late province of Pennsylvania, with their instructions to their representatives in assembly held at Philadelphia, July 15, 1774; the proceedings of the provincial conference of committees held at Carpenter's Hall, June 18, 1776; the Declaration of Independence, made July 4, 1776; minutes of the proceedings of the convention of the state of Pennsylvania, July 15, 1776, with the constitution; the minutes of the assemblies of the commonwealth of Pennsylvania to the end of 1781, and the articles of confederation.” The volume was published in 1782.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Higuaihué

Edition of 1892. No confirmation of this person's existence outside of Appletons' and derived sources has as yet been located, but there is also no verifiable source which states the person is one of Appletons' fictitious entries. Use this information with extra caution.
​HIGUAIHUÉ (ee-gwy-way'), Araucanian cacique, b. in the valley of Motuches about 1576; d. in Chillan in September, 1616. He belonged to the tribe of Bio-bio, began in early life to fight the Spanish forces at the head of his people, and on account of his valor and sagacity was elected toqui or commander-in-chief of the confederated tribes in 1603. In August, 1614, he captured the city of Chillan, almost entirely destroying it, and in September of the same year defeated the forces of Alonso de Rivera near Santa Cruz, which city he occupied and demolished. In October and November he defeated the rest of Rivera's forces near Angol and Villa Rica, which cities he also stormed and totally destroyed. He continued the war without interruption, and in a few months had captured and razed all the forts and colonies that the Spaniards had established south of the Bio-bio, but without committing any cruelties against the colonists or the captured soldiers. In February, 1615, he attacked the city of Imperial, which was defended by a strong Spanish force under the command of the lady Ines de Aguilera, and after a desperate defence captured, pillaged, and burned the city. But the Spaniards invaded Arauca again, and in May, Gen. Ramon had nearly defeated another Indian chieftain, Huenecura, in the valley of Santa Cruz, when he was suddenly attacked by Higuaihue and beaten with great loss. In July of the same year he was defeated near Angol by the Spanish forces and carried from the field covered with wounds, but soon recovered, and, gathering the different tribes, began a war of vengeance. He dispersed the Spanish forces under Gen. Ramon in a bloody battle on the banks of the Bio-bio in August, 1616, and retired incautiously toward the south, when suddenly he was attacked near Chillan by the Spaniards. After a long and sanguinary battle Higuaihue was defeated and taken prisoner, and soon executed by the Spaniards. The cacique was of tall and commanding appearance, and ​gifted with great strength. Like all the Araucanians, he had become an adept in the management of the horses that had been imported by the Spaniards, and as he liked to fight in armor that he had captured from them, they were accustomed to call him the “Indian knight.”
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Hillard, George Stillman

Edition of 1892.
​HILLARD, George Stillman, lawyer, b. in Machias, Me., 22 Sept., 1808; d. in Boston, Mass., 21 Jan., 1879. He was graduated at Harvard in 1828, and, after studying in the law-school and in the office of Charles P. Curtis, was admitted to the bar and acquired an extensive practice. He taught for a time in the Round Hill school in Northampton, Mass. Mr. Hillard served in the state senate in 1850, and in 1853 was a delegate to the State constitutional convention. He held the office of city solicitor from 1854 till 1856, and that of U. S. district attorney for Massachusetts from 1866 till 1870. As a legislator he won the warm commendation of Daniel Webster. In 1833 he edited with George Ripley a weekly Unitarian paper, entitled “The Christian Register.” Subsequently he became associated with Charles Sumner in the publication of “The Jurist.” In 1856 he bought an interest in the “Boston Courier,” of which he was associate editor until he retired at the beginning of the civil war. In 1847 Mr. Hillard delivered a course of twelve lectures before the Lowell institute. Trinity gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1857. His addresses include a fourth of July oration (Boston, 1835); “Dangers and Duties of the Mercantile Profession,” delivered before the Mercantile library association (1850); an oration before the New York Pilgrim society (1851); and a eulogy on Daniel Webster (1852). He was the author of privately printed memoirs of James Brown and Jeremiah Mason, and a life of Capt. John Smith for Sparks's “American Biography,” and published “The Poetical Works of Edmund Spenser,” with a critical introduction (5 vols., Boston, 1839); a translation of Guizot's “Essay on the Character and Influence of George Washington” (1840); a “Memorial of Daniel Webster” and “Six Months in Italy” (1853); a series of “Readers” and “Selections from the Works of Walter Savage Landor” (1856); “Life and Campaigns of George B. McClellan” ( ​Philadelphia, 1864); “Political Duties of the Educated Classes,” a pamphlet (Boston, 1866); and “Life of George Ticknor,” with Mrs. Ticknor (Boston, 1873).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Hillebrand, William Francis

Edition of 1900. Supplement.
HILLEBRAND, William Francis, chemist, b. in Honolulu, Hawaiian islands, 12 Dec. 1853. He was educated at Cornell and Heidelberg, receiving the degree of Ph. D. at the latter institution, after which he studied in the chemical laboratories in the universities in Strasburg and Freiburg. In 1878 he returned to this country, and in 1879 opened an assay office in Leadville, Col., but a year later entered the service of the U. S. geological survey, and in 1880 was sent to Denver to establish a chemical laboratory for the Rocky Mountain division of the survey. For five years he remained in charge of this laboratory, and then was transferred to the chief laboratory in Washington, where he has since remained. His most important chemical researches have been the metallic separation of cerium, lanthanum, and the original didymium, the determination of the specific heats of the above metals, the detection of nitrogen in the various varieties of uraninite, which led to the discovery that the gas was a mixture, the major part of the supposed nitrogen being helium. The results of these researches have been published in “Liebig's Annalen” and “ Poggendorf's Annalen” abroad, and in this country in the “American Journal of Science,” the “Proceedings of the Colorado Scientific Society,” the “American Chemical Journal,” and the “Journal of the ”American Chemical Society.” Dr. Hillebrand is a member of the American chemical society and other scientific organizations.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Hiester, Daniel

Edition of 1892.
​HIESTER, Daniel, congressman, b. in Bern township, Berks co., Pa., 25 June, 1747; d. in Washington, D. C., 7 March, 1804. His father, Daniel, emigrated from Silesia in 1737, and settled in Gosenhoppen, Pa., afterward purchasing from ​the proprietary government a tract of several thousand acres in Berks county. The younger Daniel received a good education and engaged in mercantile pursuits in Montgomery county, where he served during the Revolution as colonel and brigadier-general of militia. In 1784 he was elected to the supreme executive council of Pennsylvania, and in 1787 he was appointed a commissioner of the Connecticut land claims. He was a member of congress from 1789 till 1796, when he resigned and removed to Hagerstown, Md. In 1801 he was again elected to congress, and died during his term of service. He was among the number that voted for the location of the seat of the government on the Potomac. — His brother, John, b. in Bern, Pa., 9 April, 1746; d. 15 Oct., 1821, served in congress from 1807 till 1809. — His cousin, Joseph, governor of Pennsylvania, b. in Bern township, 18 Nov., 1752; d. in Reading, Pa., 10 June, 1832, received a common-school education in the intervals of farm labor, and became clerk in a store in Reading, Pa. At the beginning of the Revolution he raised and equipped in that town a company with which he took part in the battles of Long Island and Germantown. He was promoted colonel, was captured and confined in the “Jersey” prison-ship, where he did much to alleviate the sufferings of his fellow-prisoners. He was a member of the Constitutional convention of 1776, and of the State constitutional convention of 1790, and served five years in the house and four in the senate of Pennsylvania. In 1807 he was appointed one of the two major-generals to command the quota of Pennsylvania militia that was called for by the president. He served in congress from 1797 till 1805, and again from 1815 till 1820, when he resigned. He was governor of Pennsylvania from 1821 till 1823, when he retired from public life. — John's son, Daniel, b. in Berks county, Pa., was a representative in congress from 1809 till 1811. — John's nephew, William, b. in Bern, Pa.; d. in Lancaster county, 14 Oct., 1853, received a public-school education, and settled on a farm in Lancaster county. He was elected to congress as a Whig in 1831, serving until 1837, in which year he was a delegate to the State constitutional convention. — William's son, Isaac Ellmaker, lawyer, b. in Lancaster county, Pa., about 1820; d. there, 6 Feb., 1871, was graduated at Yale in 1842. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1844, and began to practise in Lancaster. In 1848 he was deputy attorney-general for Lancaster county. He was then elected to congress as a Whig, serving from 1853 till 1855, but, as he had expressed opinions on slavery that were not in harmony with those of his constituents, he was defeated in the next election. He then practised law with success till his death.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Higbee, Elnathan Elisha

Edition of 1892.
​HIGBEE, Elnathan Elisha, educator, b. in Saint George, Vt., 27 March. 1830. He was graduated at the University of Vermont in 1849, completed his theological course in the seminary of the German Reformed church at Mercersburg, Pa., and in 1864 was called to take the chair of church history and exegesis there during the temporary absence of Dr. Philip Schaff in Europe. He was elected to succeed Dr. Schaff in 1866, in 1871 was made president of Mercersburg college, and in 1881 appointed superintendent of public instruction for Pennsylvania. Dr. Higbee has been a frequent contributor to the “Mercersburg Review,” a literary and theological periodical of the German Reformed church.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VI/Methodius/Banquet of the Ten Virgins/Thaleia/Part 14

Chapter XIV.—Virginity a Gift of God: the Purpose of Virginity Not Rashly to Be Adopted by Any One.
Consider besides how, in addition to the words already quoted, he commends the state of virginity as a gift of God. Wherefore he rejects those of the more incontinent, who, under the influence of vain-glory, would advance to this state, advising them to marry, lest in their time of manly strength, the flesh stirring up the desires and passions, they should be goaded on to defile the soul. For let us consider what he lays down: “But if any man think that he behaveth himself uncomely towards his virgin,” he says,” if she pass the flower of her age, and need so require, let him do what he will, he sinneth not: let him marry;” properly here preferring marriage to “uncomeliness,” in the case of those who had chosen the state of virginity, but afterwards finding it intolerable and grievous, and in word boasting of their perseverance before men, out of shame, but indeed no longer having the power to persevere in the life of a eunuch. But for him who of his own free will and purpose decides to preserve his flesh in virgin purity, “having no necessity,” that is, passion calling forth his loins to intercourse, for there are, as it seems, differences in men’s bodies; such a one contending and struggling, and zealously abiding by his profession, and admirably fulfilling it, he exhorts to abide and to preserve it, according the highest prize to virginity. For he that is able, he says, and ambitious to preserve his flesh pure, does better; but he that is unable, and enters into marriage lawfully, and does not indulge in secret corruption, does well. And now enough has been said on these subjects.
Let any one who will, take in his hand the Epistle to the Corinthians, and, examining all its passages one by one, then consider what we have said, comparing them together, as to whether there is not a perfect harmony and agreement between them. These things, according to my power, O Arete, I offer to thee as my contribution on the subject of chastity.
Euboulios. Through many things, O Gregorion, she has scarcely come to the subject, having measured and crossed a mighty sea of words.
Gregorion. So it seems; but come, I must mention the rest of what was said in order, going through it and repeating it, while I seem to have the sound of it dwelling in my ears, before it flies away and escapes; for the remembrance of things lately heard is easily effaced from the aged.
Euboulios. Say on, then; for we have come to have the pleasure of hearing these discourses.
Gregorion. And then after, as you observed, Thaleia had descended from her smooth and unbroken course to the earth, Theopatra, she said, followed her in order, and spoke as follows.

## Footnotes

* ↑ 1 Cor. vii. 36. [On virginity, see Taylor, i. 426, ed. London, 1844.]
* ↑ 1 Cor. vii. 37.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VI/Methodius/Banquet of the Ten Virgins/Thaleia/Part 11

Chapter XI.—The Same Argument.
For consider, O virgins, how he, desiring with all his might that believers in Christ should be chaste, endeavours by many arguments to show them the dignity of chastity, as when he says, Now, concerning the things whereof ye wrote unto me: It is good for a man not to touch a woman,” thence showing already very clearly that it is good not to touch a woman, laying it down. and setting it forth unconditionally. But afterwards, being aware of the weakness of the less continent, and their passion for intercourse, he permitted those who are unable to govern the flesh to use their own wives, rather than, shamefully transgressing, to give themselves up to fornication. Then, after having given this permission, he immediately added these words, “that Satan tempt you not for your incontinency;” which means, “if you, such as you are, cannot, on account of the incontinence and softness of your bodies, be perfectly continent, I will rather permit you to have intercourse with your own wives, lest, professing perfect continence, ye be constantly tempted by the evil one, and be inflamed with lust after other men’s wives.”

## Footnotes

* ↑ Paul.
* ↑ 1 Cor. vii. 1. [All vulgar familiarity included.]
* ↑ In the original the two words are different. In the quotation from St. Paul it is ἅπτεσθαι; here it is προσψαύειν . Nothing could be gained by using two words in the translation.—Tr.
* ↑ 1 Cor vii. 5.