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# The Most Ancient Lives of Saint Patrick/The Life and Acts of St. Patrick/Chapter 90

The River is Divided in Twain, and Blessed.
On a certain time Saint Patrick came unto a deep and impassable river named Boallus; and as neither boat nor vessel was at hand, he prayed and divided the river in twain, and made unto himself and his followers a free passage. And raising his right hand, he blessed the river, and even to this day the eastern part of the stream can be passed by horsemen and by footmen; yet over the western part cannot any pass unless in some vessel. And being so blessed, this river abounded in fishes beyond all others. Then to his disciples marvelling, and seeking to know the cause of this so great miracle, did the saint answer: "The yet unborn son of life, who will be named Columba, after the lapse of many years will live in this place, and the water thus divided will, for several purposes, be needful unto him and his fellow-militants in Christ, while its abundance of fishes will minister food unto his brethren." And Saint Columba being after many years born, when he became a man builded there a stately monastery, and by his dwelling and by his works approved the prophecy of Patrick.
# The Most Ancient Lives of Saint Patrick/The Life and Acts of St. Patrick/Chapter 93

Of the Saint's Prophecy concerning Six Priests, and of a Skin which he bestowed to them.
Six priests, who were led by their unanimous desire of learning the Scripture and of visiting holy places, quitted Hibernia to travel beyond the sea, when by a happy chance they met the saint returning out of Britain; and he blessed them with bended knees entreating his benediction, and foretold that they all would be bishops. And the saint observing one of them, who appeared elder and stronger than the rest, carrying in his bosom all their volumes, for that he had nothing wherein he might bear them in his hand, bade that a seal-skin should be given unto him on which he was wont to stand while he was celebrating the Mass, that he might make thereof a satchel. And they, receiving with manifold thanks the gift of the holy man, prosperously journeyed; nor from that day forth was there among them any want; but whether in travelling or abiding in the schools, they always found an honest sufficiency. Therefore they knew that the saint assisted them with his prayers, and that the Lord, through his merits, continued unto them His mercy. But in process of time, having thoroughly acquired all holy learning, they returned to their own country; and shortly after, according to the word of the saint, they were all made bishops. And the names of these holy prelates were Lugacius, Columbanus, Meldanus, Lugadius, Cassanus, Ceranus; but to mention the names of the bishoprics we for good reason omit—for in many instances we avoid the names of places and of persons, that we may not, by their uncouth barbarousness, occasion disgust or horror to cultivated ears. However, these prelates profited much the church of God by their conversation and by their example, and closed their lives in much holiness; for they were wont to relate many miracles to have been worked by the aforementioned seal-skin, the which even to this day remaineth entire, and is preserved as a relic in memory of Saint Patrick.
# The Most Ancient Lives of Saint Patrick/The Life and Acts of St. Patrick/Chapter 88

The Saint Prophesieth of the Virgin Treha, and a Veil is placed on her Head by an Angel.
While on a certain time the saint was baptizing in the holy font a chief named Cartanus, together with his wife, he foretold unto the woman that she should bring forth a daughter, unto whom he would give the veil and consecrate a virgin to the heavenly Spouse. And in the appointed time the woman bore a daughter, who at her baptism was named Treha; and when her tenth year was completed, the damsel journeyed toward Saint Patrick for the purpose of her consecration, but a marsh that crossed the way prevented her. Fatigued, therefore, and anxious, she sat upon the bank, and beheld afar off, with a longing eye and a wistful mind, the place where the prelate abided. And he, at the revelation of the Holy Spirit, knew of the damsel's journey and of her desire; and he prayed, and removed thence the marsh, and; passing over with unsoiled feet, he went unto her. And while the saint was consecrating the virgin Treha, a veil is dropped on her head by the angel of the Lord, and reaching even unto her lips, covering her eyes; and the saint stretched forth his hand, willing to remove the veil from her eyes; but the damsel humbly prevented him, saying, "I beseech thee, my father, let the veil remain, even as it is placed on the head of thine handmaid, that mine eyes may no longer behold the vanity of this world, but rather may, looking inward, contemplate the brightness of mine heavenly Spouse!" Therefore Patrick, rejoicing at the pious purpose of the damsel, let fall her veil; and as it was at first placed on her from heaven, through all her life, covering her eyes like a dove and her knees like a turtle-dove, it remained as if it were joined to her face. Thus did the covering of the sacred veil exclude every alluring object from her eye, lest death should enter therewith.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Columbus, Diego (son)

Edition of 1905. See also Diego Columbus on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​COLUMBUS, Diego (c.1478-1526). Eldest son of Christopher Columbus. He was born probably at Lisbon, and came in 1484 to Spain with his father, who left him for some time with his friends at the Convent of La Rábida, while he himself went to seek aid at the Court. In 1494 he became page to the Crown Prince, Juan, and after the latter's death in 1497 he was admitted into the household of Queen Isabella, where he remained till 1504. After the death of his father he received the title of Admiral of the Indies, but was refused the viceroyalty which he claimed as his paternal right. In 1508 he married a daughter of the house of Alba, and through her influence succeeded in being made Governor of the Indies. In 1509 he arrived at Española to take possession of his office. He never desisted in his claim to the viceroyalty and to a share of the revenues from the New World due him, and in 1520 finally won his case. He was recalled, however, from his government in 1523, and though he made his peace again with the Court, did not return to the New World. He died at Montalban in 1526. His son Luis (1521-72), born at Santo Domingo, received the title of Admiral of the Indies in 1529. He finally abandoned all claims of the family to the viceroyalty and received in compensation an estate in Jamaica and one near Veragua, with the titles of Duke of Veragua and Marquis of Jamaica. In 1563 he was banished on account of his dissolute life to Oran, where he died. With Diego Colon (died 1578), a nephew of Luis and a great-grandson of Christopher, the male line of the great Admiral became extinct. The present Dukes of Veragua trace their descent from a sister of the last Diego.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Columbus (Mississippi)

Edition of 1905. See also Columbus, Mississippi on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ COLUMBUS. A city and the county-seat of Lowndes County, Miss., 125 miles west of Birmingham, Ala.; on the Tombigbee River, which is navigable six months of the year, and on the Mobile and Ohio and the Southern railroads (Map: Mississippi, J 3). It is the centre of a coal and iron region, and has cotton and oil mills, foundries and machine-shops, stave-works, and lumber-mills. The city has a public library, and is the seat of the State Industrial Institute and College for young women, Franklin Academy, for white, and Union Academy, for negro children. Columbus was settled in 1830, incorporated in 1832, and is governed at present under a charter of 1884, which provides for a mayor, elected every two years, and a council, elected on a general ticket. The water-works are owned and operated by the city. Population, in 1890, 4559; in 1900, 6484.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Columbus (Nebraska)

Edition of 1905. See also Columbus, Nebraska on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ COLUMBUS. A city and the county-seat of Platte County, Neb., 92 miles west by north of Omaha; on the Loup River a short distance above its confluence with the Platte, and on the Union Pacific and the Burlington and Missouri River railroads (Map: Nebraska, G 2). It is of importance as a railroad junction, and has flour-mills, foundry, brewery, shoe-factory, etc. Population, in 1890, 3134; in 1900, 3522.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Columbus, Ferdinand

Edition of 1905. See also Ferdinand Columbus on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​COLUMBUS, Ferdinand (Fernando) (1488-1539). A natural son of Christopher Columbus by Beatriz Henriquez, of Cordova. In 1498 he became page to Queen Isabella. He accompanied his father on his last voyage to the New World, and in 1509 he sailed for Española with his brother Diego, who had been made Governor of the Indies. Returning to Spain, he settled down as a cosmographer and writer on navigation. He traveled extensively in Italy, the Netherlands, Germany, and France, and in 1522 visited England. Two years later he was a member of the board of arbitration selected to decide on the conflicting claims of Spain and Portugal to the Molucca Islands. His political career was an active one, and mainly in line with his profession as geographer. Two years before his death he ​founded a school of mathematics and education at Seville. His library of more than 12,000 volumes he left to the chapter of the cathedral at Seville. Ferdinand is best known as the probable author of a life of his father, upon which all subsequent biographies of Christopher Columbus have been based. We possess this work only in the form of the Italian translation published at Venice in 1571, the original having been lost. Ferdinand's claim to the authorship of this biography has been denied by eminent authorities and just as warmly defended; the question is still a mooted one.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Columbus (Indiana)

Edition of 1905. See also Columbus, Indiana on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ COLUMBUS. A city and county-seat of Bartholomew County, Indiana, 41 miles south by east of Indianapolis; on the east fork of the White River, and on the Pennsylvania and the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis railroads (Map: Indiana, D 3). It has extensive manufactures of pulleys, tanned leather, threshing and sawmill machinery, tools, starch, flour, furniture, etc. Settled in 1821, Columbus was chartered as a city in 1864. The government is vested in a mayor, elected biennially, and a city council. The water-works and electric-light plant are owned and operated by the municipality. Population, in 1890, 6719; in 1900, 8130.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Columbus (Kansas)

Edition of 1905. See also Columbus, Kansas on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ COLUMBUS. A city and the county-seat of Cherokee County, Kan., 50 miles south of Fort Scott; on the Saint Louis and San Francisco; the Missouri, Kansas and Texas; and the Kansas City, Fort Scott and Memphis railroads (Map: Kansas, H 4). It is the centre of a farming and a mining region, has a considerable trade in agricultural products, and contains machine-shops, canning factory, and an extensive brick-making plant. The water-works are owned and operated by the municipality. Population, in 1890, 2160; in 1900, 2310.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Columbus (Texas)

Edition of 1905. See also Columbus, Texas on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
COLUMBUS. A city and the county-seat of Colorado County, Tex., 110 miles southeast of Austin; on the Colorado River and on the Southern Pacific Railroad (Map: Texas, F 5). It has a considerable trade in cotton, agricultural produce, live stock, hides, etc. Population, in 1890, 2199; in 1900, 1824.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Columbæ

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​ COLUM′BÆ (Lat. nom. pl. of columba, dove). An order of birds, containing the pigeons (Columbidæ and allied families) and the dodos (Didiidæ). See Dodo; Dove; Pigeon.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Columbus (Georgia)

Edition of 1905. See also Columbus, Georgia on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ COLUM′BUS. A city and county-seat of Muscogee County, Georgia, 135 miles southwest of Atlanta, at the head of navigation on the Chattahoochee River and on the Central of Georgia, the Southern, and the Seaboard Air Line railroads (Map: Georgia, B 3). The city, from its important manufactures called the ‘Lowell of the South,’ is the centre of a fertile agricultural region, and has vast water-power, the river having at that place a fall of 120 feet in three miles. The trade with adjoining States is extensive. Columbus receives annually 150,000 bales of cotton, and its manufactures of cotton goods are correspondingly large. It has also foundries and machine-shops, cottonseed-oil mills, refineries, barrel-factories, etc. There is a public library, besides one, the Eagle and Phenix, for mill operatives. The government is administered under a charter of 1890 by a mayor, elected for two years, and a city council whose members are elected on a general ticket. The executive has the power of appointment only in standing committees; all other officials are chosen by the council. Population, in 1890, 17,303; in 1900, 17,604.
Columbus was laid out in 1828 and incorporated in 1829. During the Civil War it was ​an important Confederate depot of supplies and was only surpassed by Richmond in the quantity of manufactured articles furnished to the Confederate Army. It was captured by Federal forces April 16, 1865.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Bechuanaland

See also Bechuanaland Protectorate on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Bechuanaland (bĕchŏŏ-ä'nā́ or bĕk'ū-ă'na-lănd), is a native territory in South Africa annexed to Cape Colony in 1895. It contains 51,524 square miles and a population (estimated for 1908) of 94,608, of whom 9,608 were whites. It is traversed by the Cape-to-Cairo Railroad.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Bedford, Admiral Sir Frederick George Denham

See also Frederick Bedford on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Bed'ford, Admiral Sir Frederick George Denham, G.C.B., K.C.B., C.B., has been governor of Western Australia since 1903. He was born in 1838, the son of Vice-Admiral Bedford, and entered the royal navy in 1852. His service has been interesting and extensive. He was present at the bombardments of Odessa, Sevastopool and Sveaburg, commanded the Shah in its engagement with the Huascar, organized the Nile flotilla in 1884, commanded the expeditions against Fodi Silah in Gambia in 1894, against Nana of Brokenin on the Benin the same year and against King Koko of Nimbi on the Niger the year following. He was one of the lords of the admiralty from 1889 to 1892 and from 1895 to 1899, taking command of the North American and West Indies station in the last named year and retaining it until he received his present appointment.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Bebel, Ferdinand August

See also August Bebel on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Bebel (bā'bĕl), Ferdinand August, an able and influential leader of the German Socialists in the Reichstag, of which he served as member for over thirty years. Born at Cologne in 1840, he early in life became a turner by trade, and as early identified himself with workingmen's labor organizations, out of which he built up a progressive social-democratic party having a compact vote of three millions. Few Germans of his time engaged in public affairs made a more notable name than he, as his influence in labor-congresses bore witness, not to speak of the sympathy felt for him by large masses of followers, owing to his repeated imprisonments on a charge of high treason and of lese-majesté against the German Emperor. Herr Bebel was a powerful and convincing speaker, an extensive contributor to socialistic journals and a writer of books, among them a life of the French socialist Fourier, and Die Frau und Der Socialismus. He died in 1913.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Bede

See also Bede on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Bede or Beda, surnamed The Venerable, an English monk, scholar and church historian, was born in 673, in what now is the county of Durham, and died at Jarrow, at the monastery of St. Paul, in 735. He is said to have been the most learned Englishman of his day, and in the seclusion of his cell he wrote, besides his important Ecclesiastical History of England, which was translated from the Latin by King Alfred into Anglo-Saxon, a number of commentaries, homilies, hymns and lives of the saints.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Bedford, Indiana

See also Bedford, Indiana on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Bedford, Indiana, is the county seat of Lawrence County, on the Baltimore and Ohio Southwestern, Chicago, Indianapolis & Louisville and Evansville & Richmond railways, 75 miles northwest of Louisville. It has valuable quarries near by, chiefly of a fine, durable oölitic limestone, much in request for building purposes. Its other industries include veneering mills and lumber factories, besides railway shops, etc. It is the seat of Bedford Male and Female College, an academy and other schools. Population, 8,716.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Bedloe's Island

See also Liberty Island on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Bedloe's Island, in New York harbor. In 1800 it was ceded to the United States government, and in 1841 Fort Wood was built on it. Within the fort now stands Bartholdi's great statue of Liberty Enlightening the World, presented by France to the United States.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Becquerel Rays

See also Radioactive decay on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Becquerel (bēk′rĕl′) Rays. About one year after Röntgen made his beautiful discovery that X-rays could be produced by the use of an induction coil and a vacuum tube, a French physicist, M. Henri Becquerel, found that the metal uranium and its compounds are continually emitting rays which possess almost exactly the same properties as X-rays. This new radiation which is emitted spontaneously by uranium has received the name Becquerel rays. Experiments have shown that these rays possess the following properties:
1. They are propagated in straight lines, as is ordinary light.
2. They affect the photographic plate, as does ordinary light, though in a much less degree.
3. They traverse thin plates of opaque bodies, unlike ordinary light.
4. They are not reflected, refracted or polarized, as is ordinary light.
5. They render the air through which they pass a conductor of electricity, or, as the chemist says, they ionize air.
A full account of this discovery is to be found in Becquerel's papers, which are published in the Comptes Rendus for the first few months of 1896.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Bedford, Duke of

​Bedford, Duke of. See Joan of Arc.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Bechuanaland Protectorate, The

See also Bechuanaland Protectorate on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Bechuanaland Protectorate, The, has an area of about 275,000 square miles, about that of British Columbia, and a population (1905) of 137,832, only 1,000 being whites. It is bounded west and north by German Southwest Africa, north by Zambezi River and British Central Africa, east by Matabeleland and Transvaal and south by British Bechuanaland and Molopo River. The chief tribes are the Bamangwato, Bakwena and Bangwaketse. These and the others are governed by a resident British agent responsible to the High Commissioner of South Africa, but Khama and two other chiefs rule their peoples in subordination to the resident. No licenses for the sale of spirits are granted. Herding and farming are the chief industries. Much of the land is held by native chiefs, who also collect the hut-tax, but the people are peaceful and contented. The Cape-to-Cairo Railway passes through the protectorate, and the telegraph connects it with Cape Town, Portuguese East Africa, Rhodesia, Ujiji and the whole world. In 1905–6 the income was almost $143,265; the expenditure about $373,915; and the grant-in-aid for 1906–7, $220,000.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Becket, Thomas à

See also Thomas Becket on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Beck′et, Thomas à, an English archbishop, born in London about 1118; murdered in Canterbury cathedral, Dec. 29, 1170. His father, a London merchant, was a friend of Theobald, archbishop of Canterbury, who thus became acquainted with the young man, helped him in his education, and induced him to enter the church, also bringing him to the notice of King Henry II, who soon after appointed him lord chancellor of England. Becket showed great ability, and also distinguished himself in Henry's war against France. He lived in great magnificence and was constantly in the company of the king. In 1162, on the death of Archbishop Theobald, the king had Becket appointed archbishop of. Canterbury. Immediately Becket's conduct changed. Instead of the brilliant courtier and statesman, he became grave and austere, and began to oppose the king, making himself the champion of the rights of the church against the king's demands. In 1164, at Clarendon, the king had resolutions drawn up which declared what the king's rights and what those of the church were on certain disputed points. These Constitutions of Clarendon, as they were called, Becket at first refused to agree to, but finally signed them. As soon as he left the place, he repented having signed them and declared that they ought not to be observed. He was then obliged to flee to France. In 1170 he was allowed to come back; but he at once began his old opposition to the king, who was then in Normandy. The king is said to have angrily cried out: “Will no one rid me of this pestilent priest?” At once four knights ​left the king, and, going to Canterbury, murdered Becket at the altar of the church. He was declared a saint by the pope, and his tomb at Canterbury became a shrine visited by pilgrims from all over the world. But the beautiful shrine was destroyed by Henry VIII, and the cathedral was partly destroyed by fire in 1872.
# The Message to Buckshot Jim

The Great Gilmore, founder of the fashionable cult of Purified Thought, having set his trap for money, used money as a lure. Everything in his office was genuine—that is to say, everything but the man himself. Dr. Buchanan Gilmore—doubters might see his diploma displayed in the waiting-room—believed in a "good front" as firmly as he believed in the great truth that for every fleecy lamb born into this world the shears are appointed and the time set.
THE MESSAGE TO BUCKSHOT JOHN
A COMPLETE NOVELETTE
BY CHARLES E. VAN LOAN
* Chapter 1
* Chapter 2
* Chapter 3
* Chapter 4
* Chapter 5
* Chapter 6
* Chapter 7
* Chapter 8
* Chapter 9
* Chapter 10
* Chapter 11
* Chapter 12
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The New International Encyclopædia/Larash

Edition of 1905. See also Larache on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ LARASH, lȧ-räsh′, or EL-ARAISH, ĕl-ȧ-rīsh′. A picturesque port of Morocco, the capital of the Province of Azgar, on the Atlantic coast, 43 miles southwest of Tangier (Map: Africa, D 1). It has an old imposing hall or house for grain trading, a fine mosque, and many ruined edifices. The district is low and unhealthful, but produces considerable fruit. The harbor, which is poorly fortified, admits only small vessels. The imports in 1900 were £114,693, the exports £47,033. Population, about 5000, consisting of Moors.