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# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Young, George (b)

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​YOUNG. (Retired Commander, 1846. f-p., 18; h-p., 29.)
George Young, born 14 Dec. 1785, is son of Alex. Young, Esq., M.D., Surgeon R.N. (1762), who was on board the Ramillies 74 when that ship foundered on her passage home from the West Indies 21 Sept. 1782, was afterwards in the Royal Sovereign in Lord Howe’s action 1 June, 1794, and died about 1818. He is brother of Capt. Wm. Young, R.M. (who fought in Sir Rich. Strachan’s action and died in 1843), and of the present Retired Commander Alex. Young, R,N.; brother-in-law of Lieut.-Colonel Thos. Stevens, R.M., of John Cunningham, Esq., Surgeon R.N. (1796), and of Rich. Haig, Esq., Purser and Paymaster R.N.; and uncle of Lieut. W. G. J. Cunningham, R.N., and of H. D. P. Cunningham, Esq., Purser and Paymaster R.N.
This officer entered the Navy, in 1800, as Midshipman, on board the Vryheid prison-ship, Lieut.-Commander John Maston, lying in the river Medway, where he remained until the peace of Amiens. He served next, from March, 1863, until his return to England in July, 1808, in the Sceptre 74, Capts. Arch. Collingwood Dickson and Joseph Bingham, on the Channel and East India stations, part of the time as Master’s Mate; and on 22 Sept. in the latter year he was made Lieutenant into the Vesuvius bomb, Capt. Alex. Cunningham, in the Baltic. His succeeding appointments were, as Senior Lieutenant ​– 24 Feb. 1809, to the Bermuda 10, Capt. A. Cunningham, part of the force employed in the ensuing expedition to the Walcheren – 16 Jan. 1810, to the Lion 64, Capt. Henry Heathcote, in which ship, after conveying to Persia their Excellencies Sir Gore Ouseley and Mirza Abdul Hassan, the Persian Ambassador, he assisted at the reduction of Java – 26 Jan. 1812, to the Scipion 74, Capts. Jas. Johnstone and H. Heathcote, with the latter of whom he returned to England from the Cape of Good Hope, and then proceeded to the Mediterranean, where he took part in Sir Edw. Pellew’s partial actions with the French Toulon fleet 5 Nov. 1813 and 13 Feb. 1814 – and 14 Dec. 1814 (he had been in personal command of the Scipion at Portsmouth from 12 Oct. until 5 Nov. preceding), to the Snap 12, Capt. Geo. King, in the North Sea. In Jan. 1816 the Snap was paid off. Mr. Young had then, as we have shown, been nearly seven years a First-Lieutenant; yet was he refused that promotion to which the responsible position he had so long held seemed certainly to entitle him. He was subsequently, from 3 Nov. 1841 until 1844, employed as an Agent for Transports afloat. He accepted the rank he now holds 27 Jan. 1846.
Commander Young was lately a Magistrate for the borough of Queen’s Ferry, co. Linlithgow, and was for 11 years Superintendent of the south side of the Queen’s Ferry Passage. He married, in 1816, Helen, daughter of Jas. Murray, Esq., of Queen’s Ferry, and sister of the late Major Robt. Murray, of the 30th Regt., and the late Capt. Thos. Murray, of the 26th, by whom he has issue four sons and two daughters. One of his sons, James Murray Young, is in the merchant-service; his eldest daughter, Mary, is the wife of Alex. Rait, Esq., Adjutant of the 16th Native Infantry.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Young, Horatio Beauman

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​YOUNG. (Captain, 1846.)
Horatio Beauman Young was born in 1806. He is brother of the late Sir Geo. Young, Bart., Captain R.N.
This officer entered the Navy 12 Feb. 1819; passed his examination in 1826; and obtained his first commission 8 Sept. 1829. His succeeding appointments were – 16 Dec. 1829, to the Shannon 46, Capt. Benj. Clement, in the West Indies, whence he returned at the close of 1831 – 28 Oct. 1833, to the Edinburgh 74, Capt. Jas. Rich. Dacres, fitting at Portsmouth – and, 16 Jan. 1834, as a Supernumerary, to the Caledonia 120, in which ship he became, 5 March following, Flag-Lieutenant to Sir Josias Rowley, Commander-in-Chief in the Mediterranean. On the paying off of the Caledonia he was promoted to the rank of Commander 30 Aug. 1837. From 7 Aug. 1843 until advanced to Post-rank 9 Nov. 1846 he served with the utmost activity and success on the coast of Africa in the Hydra steam-sloop of 220 horse-power. He has since been on half-pay.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Young, Jacob Ley

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​YOUNG. (Commander, 1847. f-p., 21; h-p., 23.)
Jacob Ley Young entered the Navy, 11 Feb. 1803, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Blanche of 44 guns, Capt. Zachary Mudge, stationed in the West Indies, where he served as Midshipman at the blockade of St. Domingo, and assisted at the capture of a large number of the enemy’s vessels, including the Gracieuse and Amitié French national vessels of 14 guns each, the Dutch schooner Nimrod of 4 guns, and the French privateer Le Hasard of 3 guns and 58 men. On 19 July, 1805, the Blanche was herself captured (after an action of 45 minutes, and a loss, out of 215 men, of 8 killed and 15 wounded, and when on the verge of sinking) by a powerful French squadron, consisting of La Topaze frigate of 44 guns and 410 men, one sloop of 22 guns and 236 men, a corvette of 18 guns and 213 men, and a brig of 16 guns and 123 men. In the following Nov., having, as well as Capt. Mudge, regained his liberty, Mr. Young rejoined that officer on board the Phoenix 36, in which frigate he continued employed along the French and Spanish coasts until Oct. 1808. He served afterwards on the Home and Mediterranean stations in the Stately 64, Capt. Wm. Cumberland, Royal George 100, San Josef 110, Hibernia 120, and Armide 38, all commanded (the Royal George as flag-ship to Sir John Thos. Duckworth) by Capt. Rich. Dalling Dunn, Gorgon 44, Capt. Alex. Milner, and Caledonia 120, flag-ship of Sir Edw. Pellew. Between the date of his promotion to the rank of Lieutenant, which took place 7 April, 1813, and 10 Oct. 1815, he was further employed in the Mediterranean and in the North Sea and Channel in the Undaunted 38, Capt. Thos. Ussher, and Hyacinth 24, Capt. Alex. Renton Sharpe. We subsequently, from 10 March, 1830, until the spring of 1833, and from 21 March, 1842, until Nov. 1846, find him performing the duties of First-Lieutenant in the Curlew 10, Capts. Geo. Woollcombe and Henry Dundas Trotter, and Resistance troop-ship, Capt. Chas. Geo. Edw. Patey, the former stationed at the Cape of Good Hope. He was advanced to the rank of Commander 12 Oct. 1847. Agents – Messrs. Halford and Co.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Young, William Francis

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​YOUNG. (Lieutenant, 1826.)
William Francis Young, born 1 June, 1804, is son, by Charlotte, daughter of the late General Fyers, R.E., of the late Vice-Admiral Jas. Young, of Barton End, co. Gloucester; and nephew of Admiral Sir Wm. Young, K.C.B., Vice-Admiral of England, who died in 1821.
This officer entered the Royal Naval College 3 Feb. 1818; and embarked, in Dec. 1819, on board the Vigo 74, Capt. Thos. Brown, bearing the flag of Rear-Admiral Robt. Lambert at St. Helena. While on that station he was lent as Midshipman to the Brazen 26, Rosario 10, and Menai 24, the two latter commanded by Capts. Wm. Hendry and Fairfax Moresby. The Menai, while he was in her, was employed off the Isle of France. He returned to England subsequently in the Samarang 28, Capt. John Norman Campbell; but was soon ordered back to the Cape station, where he remained, in the Ariadne 28, Capt. Constantine Rich. Moorsom, until 1824. He then took a passage home from the Mauritius in a sugar-ship, the George the Fourth, for the purpose of passing his examination. During the voyage the latter vessel was caught in a northwest gale and dismasted. After several weeks of suffering the people belonging to her abandoned her, and landed on the coast of Africa, near Mossel Bay, whence they travelled in bullock-waggons to the Cape. Having at length reached home in a merchantman named the Britannia and having accomplished the object he had in view, Mr. Young was nominated Mate of the Glasgow 50, Capt. Hon. Jas. Ashley Maude, on the Lisbon station. He was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant 3 Jan. 1826; was appointed next, 9 Jan. 1827, to the Raleigh 18, Capts. John Windham Dalling, Geo. Haye, and Sir Wm. Dickson, on the Mediterranean station; and from 27 Oct. 1831 until the end of 1834 was there employed in the Britannia 120, Capts. Wm. Jas. Hope Johnstone and Peter Rainier. He has since been on half-pay.
Lieut. Young married, 4 July, 1836, Elizabeth, daughter of the late Josiah Gist, Esq., of Wormington Grange, co. Gloucester, by whom he has issue three daughters.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Young, John Thomas

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​YOUNG. (Retired Commander, 1836. f-p., 15; h-p., 36.)
John Thomas Young was born in 1782, at New York, and died in 1848. His grandfather, John Young, Esq., was Deputy-Comptroller of the Customs at Belfast, in Ireland.
This officer (who had been for three years in the merchant-service) entered the Navy, 8 Nov. 1796, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Albacore 18, Capt. Sam. Peter Forster, on the Jamaica station, where he was transferred, in March, 1797, to the Renommée frigate, Capt. Robt. Rolles. In Sept. 1799, having returned to England, he was received as Midshipman (a rating he had already attained) on board the Excellent 74, Capt. Hon. Robt. Stopford. In that ship he cruized for some time in the Channel, and then again sailed for the West Indies, soon after his arrival on which station he was nominated Acting-Master of the Thalia armée en flûte. At the end of nine months he went back to the Excellent. In Dec. 1802, a few weeks only after he had passed his examination, he received an order to act as Lieutenant in the Emerald 36, Capt. Lord Jas. O’Bryen; and on 11 April, 1803, he was confirmed. In the course of the same year he contributed to the capture of L’Enfant Prodigue French national schooner of 16 guns, assisted in landing the troops at the reduction of Ste. Lucie, was wounded in an affair in a bay of the island of Guadeloupe, and was taken prisoner, after having lost the greater part of the crew of a boat of which he had command. Returning to England en parole, he joined at first the Sea Fencible service, and was next appointed – 19 Dec. 1804, to the Drake sloop, commanded, again in the West Indies, by Capt. Drury, by himself for three months, and by Capts. Wm. Furlong Wise and Geo. Gustavus Lennock – II April, 1806, to the Thames 32, Capt. Bridges Watkinson Taylor, whom he accompanied to the Mediterranean – 21 Dec. 1807, to the Active 38, Capt. Rich. Hussey Moubray, on the station last named, whence ill health obliged him to return in Dec. 1808 – 11 Oct. 1809 and 18 March, 1810, to the Neptune 98 and Pompée 74, both commanded by Capt. Jas. Athol Wood in the West Indies – and, in Jan. 1812, after 15 months of half-pay, to the Barham 74, Capt. John Wm. Spranger, employed in the North Sea and Channel. He was placed on half-pay 29 Dec. 1813 and invested with the rank of Commander on the Retired List 23 Jan. 1836.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Young, Matthew

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​YOUNG. (Retired Commander, 1839. f-p., 15 h-p., 34.)
Matthew Young was born in 1786.
This officer entered the Navy, 23 June, 1798 as a Supernumerary, on board the Tromp troop-ship Capt. Rich. Hill, employed on the coast of Ireland. After serving for a few months, part of the time as Midshipman, in the Prince 98, bearing the flag of Sir Chas. Cotton in the Channel and Mediterranean he joined the Loire 38, Capt. Jas. Newman ​Newman, and was in her present, in company with the Danaé 20, and Fairy, Harpy, and Railleur sloops, at the capture, 6 Feb. 1800, of the French 38-gun frigate Pallas under the fire of a battery on one of the Seven Islands. In March, 1801, having removed to the Scout 18, Capts. Geo. Ormsby and Henry Duncan, he was in that vessel wrecked, on the shingles, at the west end of the Isle of Wight. During the remainder of the war he served, in the Channel and Mediterranean, in the Brunswick 74, Capt. Geo. Hopewell Stephens. He next, in the course of 1803-4, joined, at Cork, at Portsmouth, and in the Channel, the Dryad 36, Capt. Wm. Domett, Windsor Castle 98, Capt. Albemarle Bertie, and Ville de Paris 110, bearing the flag of Hon. Wm. Cornwallis. In the ship last mentioned, of which he was created a Lieutenant 13 Feb. 1806, he was engaged in an attack made by the Admiral on the French fleet, close in with Brest Harbour, 22 Aug. 1805. His last appointment was, in Dec. 1806, to the Thames 32, Capt. Bridges Watkinson Taylor, stationed in the Downs and West Indies. On 20 Oct. 1807, while in charge of a prize Indiaman, he was captured by the enemy and taken to France, where he was detained a prisoner until May, 1814. He accepted the rank he now holds 15 July, 1839.
Commander Young has a son, Alfred, a Lieutenant R.N.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Young, Thomas

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​YOUNG. (Lieut., 1826. f-p., 31; h-p., 8.)
Thomas Young was born 12 Nov. 1794.
This officer entered the Navy, 22 Nov. 1808, on board the Dromedary shore-ship, Master-Commanders S. P. Pritchard and Edm. Ives; with whom he continued employed as Clerk and Midshipman until Feb. 1817; visiting during that period New Holland, the East and West Indies, and the North Sea. In May, 1809, while at Sydney Cove, he was wounded in the arm in endeavouring to extinguish a fire which had broken out on board the ship. From Aug. 1818 until he invalided, in July, 1820, he served as Second-Master in the Bann 20, Capts. Andrew Mitchell and Jodrell Leigh, in the West Indies; in the following Sept. he was appointed, in a similar capacity, to the Tartar 42, bearing the broad pendant of Sir Geo. Ralph Collier on the coast of Africa; and in June, 1821, he was there nominated Acting-Master of the Myrmidon 20, Capt. Henry John Leeke. On; 15 April, 1822, he piloted the boats of the latter ship and of the Iphigenia 42 into the river Bonny, and assisted at the capture of five vessels, measuring in the whole 877 tons, and carrying altogether 36 guns, 164 men, and 1532 slaves. He boarded and took possession, on that occasion, of La Vigilante, a French brig of 4 guns and 31 men; and he brought out the Yacnam, a Spanish schooner, of 16 guns and 46 men. He continued employed, still on the coast of Africa, in the Owen Glendower 42, Commodore Sir Robt. Mends, Swinger brig, Victor sloop, Capt. Geo. Woollcombe, Maidstone 42, Commodore Chas. Bullen, again in the Swinger (as Acting-Lieutenant), and in the Esk 20, Capt. Wm. Jardine Purchas, until a few weeks after his official promotion, which took place 15 March, 1826. He then came home an invalid in the Dispatch 18, Capt. Robt. White Parsons. Since 2 Aug. 1833 he has been in charge of a station in the Coast Guard.
Lieut. Young married, 18 May, 1835, and has issue five children.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Young, Thomas Bristowe

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​YOUNG. (Commander, 1813. f-p., 28; h-p., 36.)
Thomas Bristowe Young was born 5 June, 1767, and died 27 Feb. 1846 at Gosport.
This officer entered the Navy, in 1782, as Ordinary, on board the Elizabeth 74, Capts. Robt. Kingsmill and Sir Roger Curtis, in which ship he was for four years employed in the East Indies and at Portsmouth – the greater part of the time in the capacity of Midshipman. After serving for a similar period on the West India and Home stations in the Flint 14, Capt. Percy Brett, and Magnificent 74, Capts. Hon. Geo. Cranfield Berkeley and Rich. Onslow, he joined in succession the Edgar and s[c] 74’s, both commanded by Capt. Albemarle Bertie. In the latter ship, of which he was created a Lieutenant 18 April, 1794, he was slightly wounded in the knee in Lord Howe’s action, and was present in the action under Lord Bridport off the Ile de Groix. His subsequent appointments were – 24 Feb. 1796, to the Glory 98, Capts. Sir Geo. Home and Jas. Brine – 16 Aug. 1798, to the Renown 74, Capts. A. Bertie and Geo. Hopewell Stephens – 14 and 21 Oct. 1799, to the Barfleur and Windsor Castle 98’s, flag-ships of Admirals Collingwood and Sir Andrew Mitchell – 1 June, 1801, for 10 months, to the Malta 80, Capt. A. Bertie – 12 March, 1803, to the Rendezvous Service at Bristol – 8 Sept. 1804, to the Dragon 74, Capts. Edw. Griffith and Matthew Henry Scott – and 13 Aug. 1810 (the Dragon had been paid off in Dec. 1803), to the Trent 36, as Flag-Lieutenant to the late Sir Edw. Thornbrough at Cork. In the Edgar, Thunderer, Glory, Renown, Barfleur, Windsor Castle, and Malta, he was employed on Home service: in the Dragon, after enacting the part of First-Lieutenant in Sir Robt. Calder’s action, he proceeded to the West Indies and North America. We may add that on one occasion, 13 Dec. 1806, he was the means of extricating the ship last mentioned from a very critical situation. About three months after he had left the Trent he was promoted, 24 Nov. 1813, to the rank of Commander. He did not again go afloat. During the war he saw much boat-service.
Commander Young married 12 Feb. 1801. Agents – Case and Loudonsack.
# A Treatise on Painting/Chapter 208

Chap. CCVIII.—Of the Interposition of transparent Bodies between the Eye and the Object.
The greater the transparent interposition is between the eye and the object, the more the colour of that object will participate of, or be changed into that of the transparent medium. ​When an opake body is situated between the eye and the luminary, so that the central line of the one passes also through the centre of the other, that object will be entirely deprived of light.
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# A Treatise on Painting/Chapter 209

Chap. CCIX.—Of proper Back-grounds for Figures.
As we find by experience, that all bodies are surrounded by lights and shadows, I would have the painter to accommodate that part which is enlightened, so as to terminate upon something dark; and to manage the dark parts so that they may terminate on a light ground. This will be of great assistance in detaching and bringing out his figures.
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# A Treatise on Painting/Chapter 207

CONTRASTE AND EFFECT.
Chap. CCVII.—A Precept.
Figures will have more grace, placed in the open and general light, than in any particular or small one; because the powerful and extended light will surround and embrace the objects: and works done in that kind of light appear pleasant and graceful when placed at a distance, while those which are drawn in a narrow light, will receive great force of shadow, but will never appear at a great distance, but as painted objects.
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# A Treatise on Painting/Chapter 205

Chap. CCV.—Of Outlines of Objects on the Side towards the Light.
The extremities of any object on the side which receives the light, will appear darker if upon a lighter ground, and lighter if seen upon a darker ground. But if such body be flat, and seen upon a ground equal in point of light with itself, and of the same colour, such boundaries, or outlines, will be entirely lost to the sight.
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# A Treatise on Painting/Chapter 21

Chap. XXI.—Of studying in the Dark, on first waking in the Morning, and before going to sleep.
I have experienced no small benefit, when in the dark and in bed, by retracing in my mind the outlines of those forms which I had previously studied, particularly such as had appeared the most difficult to comprehend and retain; by this method they will be confirmed and treasured up in the memory.
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# A Treatise on Painting/Chapter 202

Chap. CCII.—Of those Parts in Shadows which appear the darkest at a Distance.
The neck, or any other part which is raised straight upwards, and has a projection over it, will be darker than the perpendicular front of that pro​jection; and this projecting part will be lighter, in proportion as it presents a larger surface to the light.
For instance, the recess A receives no light from any part of the sky G K, but B begins to receive the light from the part of the sky H K, and C from G K; and the point D receives the whole of F K. Therefore the chest will be as light as the forehead, nose, and chin. But what I have particularly to recommend, in regard to faces, is, that you observe well those different qualities of shades which are lost at different distances (while there remain only the first and principal spots or strokes of shades, such as those of the sockets of the eyes, and other similar recesses, which are always dark), and at last the whole face becomes obscured; because the greatest lights (being small in proportion to the demi-tints) are lost. The quality, therefore, and quantity of the principal ​lights and shades are by means of great distance blended together into a general half-tint; and this is the reason why trees and other objects are found to be in appearance darker at some distance than they are in reality, when nearer to the eye. But then the air, which interposes between the objects and the eye, will render them light again by tinging them with azure, rather in the shades than in the lights; for the lights will preserve the truth of the different colours much longer.
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# A Treatise on Painting/Chapter 206

Chap. CCVI.—How to make Objects detach from their Ground, that is to say, from the Surface on which they are painted.
Objects contrasted with a light ground will appear much more detached than those which are placed against a dark one. The reason is, that if you wish to give relief to your figures, you will make those parts which are the farthest from the light, participate the least of it; therefore they will remain the darkest, and every distinction of outline would be lost in the general mass of shadows. But to give it grace, roundness, and effect, those dark shades are always attended by reflexes, or else they would either cut too hard upon the ground, or stick to it, by the similarity of shade, and relieve the less as the ground is darker; for at some distance nothing would be seen ​but the light parts, therefore your figures would appear mutilated of all that remains lost in the back-ground.
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# A Treatise on Painting/Chapter 210

Chap. CCX.—Of Back-grounds.
To give a great effect to figures, you must oppose to a light one a dark ground, and to a dark figure a light ground, contrasting white with black, and black with white. In general, all contraries give a particular force and brilliancy of effect by their opposition.
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# A Treatise on Painting/Chapter 204

Chap. CCIV.—Of the Relief of Figures remote from the Eye.
Any opake body appears less relieved in proportion as it is farther distant from the eye; because the air, interposed between the eye and such body, being lighter than the shadow of it, it tarnishes and weakens that shadow, lessens its power, and consequently lessens also its relief.
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# A Treatise on Painting/Chapter 203

Chap. CCIII.—Of the Eye viewing the Folds of Draperies surrounding a Figure.
The shadows between the folds of a drapery surrounding the parts of the human body will be darker as the deep hollows where the shadows are generated are more directly opposite the eye. This is to be observed only when the eye is placed between the light and the shady part of the figure.
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# A catalogue of notable Middle Templars, with brief biographical notices/Belchier, Daubridgcourt

* related authors: Daubridgecourt Belchier.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
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Admitted 29 June, 1601.
Son and heir of William Belchier, of Guyllesburgh (Guilsborough), co. Northampton. He was educated at Oxford, where he took his degree of B.A., 9 Feb. 1600. He settled in the Low Countries, where he wrote a Comedy entitled Hans Beer Pot, which was published in London in 1618. As it appeared anonymously it was attributed at first to Thomas Nash. He wrote several other plays, but they were never printed. He died at Utrecht in 1621.
# A catalogue of notable Middle Templars, with brief biographical notices/Bastard, John Pollexfen

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Admitted 4 May, 1771.
Son and heir of William Bastard, of Kitley, co. Devon, where he was born in 1756, and where his family had been settled since the Conquest. He succeeded his father in 1782, and became Colonel of the East Devon Militia, in which capacity he put down a sudden revolt of the workmen in Plymouth Dockyard, and saved the docks, for which service he received the thanks of Parliament. He represented Devonshire in Parliament from 1784 to his death, 4 April, 1816.