# Ora Maritima/Preparations/Ancient Monuments

III. Ancient Monuments.
§9.
In this and the following Preparations the verbs of the 1st Conjugation, Present Tense, will be given in the 1st Person Sing., except where a whole phrase is quoted.
| in Cantiō | in Kent |
| inter | between |
| Dubrae | Dover |
| Rutupiae | Richborough |
| situs | situated |
| oppida antīqua | ancient towns |
| multa monumenla | many monuments |
| vestīgia | vestiges, traces |
| Rōmānus | a Roman |
| reliquiae | relics |
| oppidōrum | of towns |
| amphitheātrōrum | of amphitheatres |
| hodiē | to-day, at the present day |
| ex-stō | I exist, remain |
| via | a road |
| Londinium | London |
| solum | soil |
| multōs nummōs | many coins |
| (nummōs) aureōs | golden (coins) |
| (nummōs) argenteōs | (coins) made of silver |
| (nummōs) aēneōs | made of copper |
| et … et | both … and |
| Britannus | a Briton |
| occultō | I hide |
| causa | a cause, source |
| lucrī | of gain [lucre] |
| arō | I plough |
| fundāmenta | the foundations |
| aedificiōrum | of buildings [edifices] |
| excavō | I excavate |
| magnō pretiō | at a great price |
| vēnun-dō | I offer for sale |
| patruō meō est | my uncle has; literally to my uncle there is |
​ Note the words Dubrae, Dover; Rutupiae, Richborough; reliquiae, relics. These words are Plural in form and have no Singular. The first two are Singular in meaning, like the English ‘Athens’ (Latin ‘Athēnae’); the third is Plural in meaning.
Second Declension-continued. :
| Nouns and Adjectives in -um |||||
| SINGULAR. | SINGULAR. | SINGULAR. | PLURAL. | PLURAL. |
| 1, 2, 3 | | oppidum, a town, o town | | oppida, towns, o towns |
| 4 | | oppidī, of a town | | oppidōrum, of towns |
| 5 | | oppidō, to a town (with a verb of ‘giving’) | | oppidīs, to towns (with a verb of ‘giving’) |
| 6 | in | oppidō, in a town | in | oppidīs, in towns |
Similarly with an adjective: oppidum antīquum, an ancient town.
§10.
In this and the following Preparations the nouns of the 2nd Declension in -um will be given in the Nom. Sing., except when a whole phrase is quoted.
| commentāriī | notes, commentaries |
| dē vitā meā | about my life |
| scriptitō | I write, jot down [scribble] |
| super oppidum | above the town |
| castellum | fort [castle] |
| specula | a watch tower |
| mūrī lātī | broad walls |
| aedificium consecrātum | a consecrated building |
| iam | already |
| secundō saeculō | in the second century |
| post Christum nātum | after the birth of Christ (lit. after Christ born) |
| basilica Christiāna | a Christian basilica (or church) |
| prōmunturium | a promontory, headland |
| stō | I stand |
| post castellum | behind the castle |
| clīvus grāmineus | a grassy hill or down |
| fretum Gallicum | the English (lit. Gallic) Channel |
| oculus | an eye |
| vēlum album | a white sail |
| nāvigium Germānicum | a German vessel |
| nāvigium Belgicum | a Belgian vessel |
| nōnnulla (nāvigia) | some (vessels) |
| ex nāvigiīs | of the vessels |
| sunt nōmināta | are named |
| “castella” | i.e. Castle Liners |
| littera C | the letter C |
| in signō | on the flag |
| in (with Acc.) | to |
* ↑ Note the Ablative without a Preposition, here meaning ‘at’, (an expression of ‘price’ or ‘value’).
* ↑ Note the Ablative without a Preposition, here meaning in (an expression of ‘time when’).