OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Baldred (d.608?)

The ODNB says that the biography of the earlier Baldred was put together from later details of Balther.
​BALDRED, or BALTHERE (d. 608?), saint, was a Northumbrian anchorite of the sixth century, the details of whose life are entirely mythical. Alban Butler gives 608 as the date of his death. He is said to have been suffragan of Kentigern of Glasgow, but all the localities connected with his cultus are in Lothian. Baldred was one of the island saints more common in Celtic than in English hagiology. His favourite place of retirement was the Bass Rock in the Firth of Forth. The special scenes of his teaching and miracles are reputed to be the three villages of Aldhame, Tyningham, and Prestonne; and when on his death the three churches importuned for his body, they found that Providence had supplied each place with a corpse of the holy man. Baldred's feast-day is 6 March. Another Baldred, or Baltherus, who was a hermit of Durham, flourished about a century later, and after such miracles as walking on the sea died in 756. Mr. Skene connects the two Baltheres together, and regards the later as the right date of the saint's death.
T. F. T.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Baldred (fl.823-825)

​BALDRED (fl. 823-825), king of Kent, during the dissensions which weakened Mercia after the death of Cenwulf, endeavoured to make Kent independent of that kingdom. He seems to have been on good terms with Archbishop Wulfred, who was a Kentishman, and who had himself carried on a long dispute with the Mercian king about the rights of his church. Baldred's kingdom fell before Ecgberht. He was chased from Kent by a West-Saxon army led by Æthelwulf, the king's son, Ealhstan, the bishop of Sherborne, and the ealdorman Wulfheard, and fled 'northwards over the Thames.' At the moment of his flight he granted Mailing to Christ Church, Canterbury, in the hope, it may be, of prevailing on the archbishop to espouse his cause. After his deposition Kent was held as a sub-kingdom by æthelings of the West-Saxon house, until it was finally incorporated with the rest of the southern kingdom on the accession of Æthelberht to the throne of Wessex.
W. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Baldock, Ralph de

​BALDOCK, RALPH de (d. 1313), bishop of London and lord chancellor, whose early history is unknown, first appears in 1271 as holding the prebendal stall of Holborn, in which Robert Burnel, Edward I's great chancellor, had preceded him. This disposes of Godwin's assertion that he was educated at Merton College, Oxford, which was not founded till 1274. His influence and ability must have been considerable, for he obtained the highest preferment in his diocese. In 1276 he was collated to the archdeaconry of Middlesex; became dean of St. Paul's in 1294; and was elected bishop of London in 1304. Three canons, who had been deprived by the archbishop during the vacancy of the see, appealed to the pope to declare the election void owing to their exclusion, but the bishop-elect won his cause at Rome, and was consecrated at Lyons in 1306. Though he does not appear to have spent his life at court or in the ministerial offices, he attracted the attention of Edward I, who nominated him lord chancellor in April 1307. The king's death followed in July, and Baldock was at once removed by Edward II at the instigation of the favourite Gaveston. His position and character marked him out as one of the ordainers forced by the parliament of 1310 on the king for the better regulation of his household. But he took little part in public affairs, preferring the duties and pastimes of a churchman. He wrote a history of England, and collected the statutes and customs of St. Paul's, works which existed in the sixteenth century, but are now lost. St. Paul's Cathedral was at this time being rebuilt and enlarged, and its new lady chapel was built by Baldock. He began it while he was yet dean, continued it as bishop, bequeathed money for its completion, and in it he was buried, after his death in 1313, 'under a goodly marble, wherein his portraiture in brass was curiously represented.'
H. A. T.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Baldock, Robert (d.1691)

​BALDOCK, Sir ROBERT (d. 1691), judge, son and heir of Samuel Baldock of Stanway, in Essex, bore the same arms as Robert de Baldock [q. v], lord chancellor in Edward II's reign. Entering as a student at Gray's Inn in 1644, he was called to the bar in 1651. There appears to be no contemporary allusion to his early professional career beyond Roger North's mention of him in connection with a 'fraudulent conveyance managed by Sir Robert Baldock and Pemberton,' the chief justice, which he thinks 'Baldock had wit and will enough to do' (North's Life of Lord Guilford, 223). In 1671 he was recorder of Great Yarmouth, and was knighted on the king's visit to that town. In 1677 he took the degree of serjeant, and was autumn reader to his inn of court; and on the accession of James II he became one of the king's serjeants. The only event of any importance in which he is known to have taken a part was the trial of the seven bishops, in which he was one of the counsel for the king. His principal argument, in a tedious irrelevant speech, is that the reasons given by the bishops for not obeying the king are libellous, inasmuch as 'they say they cannot in honour, conscience, or prudence do it; which is a reflection upon the prudence, justice, and honour of the King in commanding them to do such a thing' (State Trials, xii. 419).
This argument seems to have commended him so strongly to the king that within a week he was promoted to a seat in the King's Bench, two of the judges, Sir John Powell and Judge Holloway, being removed in consequence of having expressed opinions in favour of the accused bishops (Sir J. Bramston's Autobiography, 311). The revolution which took place before the beginning of next term drove the new judge from the bench before he had time to render himself liable to the condemnation which in the next reign fell on so many of his fellow judges, of whom no less than six were excepted from the act of indemnity in consequence of their assistance to James II in his unconstitutional proceedings (Stat. of Realm, vi. 178).
The remaining three years of Sir Robert's life were spent in obscurity. He died on 4 Oct. 1691, and was buried at Hockham in Norfolk, in the parish church of which is a monument erected by him to his only son, Robert, who was killed in a naval battle in 1673. His first wife was Mary, the daughter of Bacqueville Bacon (third son of Sir Nicholas of Redgrave), and one of the three co-heiresses of her brother Henry, who was lord of the manor of Great Hockham. She having died in 1662, he married again, but the name of his second wife is not known (Blomefield's Norfolk, i. 312, 314).
G. V. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Baldrey, Joshua Kirby

​BALDREY, JOSHUA KIRBY (1754–1828), engraver and draftsman, practised both in London and Cambridge between 1780 and 1810, working both in the chalk and dot manners. Many of his works were printed in colours. He exhibited portraits at the Royal Academy in 1793 and 1794. Among his best works are: 'The Finding of Moses,' after Salvator Rosa, 1785; 'Diana in a Landscape,' after Carlo Maratti; 'Lady Rawdon,' after Reynolds, 1783; and some subjects after Penny and Bunbury. His chief work, however, is from the east window of King's College Chapel, Cambridge, which he drew and engraved, and then finished highly in colours. He published 'A Dissertation on the Windows of King's College Chapel, Cambridge' (Camb. 1818, 8vo), from which it appears he was engaged on an engraving of one of the south windows. Baldrey died in indigence at Hatfield Wood Side, Hertfordshire, 6 Dec. 1828, leaving a widow and eleven children totally unprovided for.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bohler, John

​BOHLER, JOHN (1797–1872), botanist, born at South Wingfield, near Alfreton, Derbyshire, 31 Dec. 1797, was a simple stocking-weaver, but his early instincts led him to gather plants, and he became a collector of medicinal plants for the doctors. He then took up the science of botany, and became an expert field botanist and microscopist, traversing England, Ireland, and Wales. In time he became acquainted with the 'habitats' of all our indigenous flowers, and made a special study of lichens. In 1835-7 he published 'Lichenes Britannici, or Specimens of the Lichens of Britain,' containing sixteen monthly fasciculi, each of eight actual specimens, collected and mounted by himself, with original descriptions, &c.—128 in all, at 3s. 6d. each—forming a valuable work which is now very scarce. The British Museum has no copy of it. About 1860 he explored Snowdon and the adjacent mountains and hills under the auspices of a botanical committee of the British Association. Later in life he became a great collector of rare fungi, gathered from their widely scattered localities throughout the land. Dr. Aveling's fine folio, 'Roche Abbey, Yorkshire,' London, 1870, has in the appendix 'A Flora of Roche Abbey,' by Bohler. He also compiled 'The Flora of Sherwood Forest' for Mr. Robert White's 'Worksop, the Dukeries, and Sherwood Forest,' Worksop, 1875, 4to, and arranged his materials in accordance with Hooker's 'Student's Flora.' He also contributed botanical papers and notes to various scientific journals. He died at Sheffield 24 Sept. 1872.
[Reliquary, xi. 212; White's Worksop, p. 303; Pritzel's Thesanros, p. 32; Jackson's Lit. of Botany, p. 243, and the writer's MS. notes.]
J. W.-G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bohn, James Stuart Burges

​BOHN, JAMES STUART BURGES (1803–1880), bookseller, was son of John Bohn, a bookseller of London, who died on 13 Oct. 1843, in his eighty-sixth year. James was born in London 20 Dec. 1803, and, after a good education at Winchester, was sent to Göttingen to perfect himself in German and French. He assisted his father for some years, but in February 1834 commenced bookselling on his own account at 12 King William Street, Strand. Here his great knowledge of books soon attracted many customers, and his shop became a meeting-place for a number of the most learned men of the day. In 1840 he published a catalogue extending to 792 pages; it contains, amongst much other valuable matter, nearly complete lists of the works of Burnet, Defoe, Hearne, and Ritson, and it still finds a place on the shelves of all bibliographers. He, however, was not successful in business, and in 1845 had to recommence at 66 St. James's Street, and here he republished Dugdale's ‘Monasticon’ in eight ponderous folio volumes. Being after this again unsuccessful, he gave up his shop in 1847, and turned his attention to literature, and was for many years a contributor to the ‘Family Herald;’ he also acted as assistant editor on the ‘Reader.’ In 1857 he prepared for Mr. David Nutt a catalogue of theological books in foreign languages, a volume of 704 pages, enriched by many original notes. For several years before his decease he was in the employment of his friend Mr. Nicholas Trübner, of Ludgate Hill. Here he compiled several catalogues of Brazilian, Mexican, Spanish, Portuguese, Latin, German, and French books. He died at Peckham 4 Jan. 1880.
[Bookseller, February 1880, pp. 105–106.]
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bohemus, Mauritius

Mauritius Boheme in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
​BOHEMUS, MAURITIUS (fl. 1647–1662), ejected minister, was born at Colberg on the Pomeranian coast. His uncle, Dr. Johannes Bergius (Palmer has ‘Burgius’ incorrectly), was chaplain to the elector of Brandenburg; he was born at Stettin 24 Feb. 1587, and died at Berlin 27 Dec. 1658. Bohemus was rector of Hallaton, Leicestershire, and ejected thence in 1662, when he returned to Germany. He seems to have been thrice ​married. Jane, wife of 'Mr. Bohemus,' was buried at Hallaton 14 Dec. 1647; his wife Elizabeth was buried 10 July 1654; he married Hannah Vowe 27 Feb. 1656. By his wife Elizabeth he had a daughter Anne, baptised 12 March 1652; probably the Mrs. Ann Boheme buried at Walcot 20 Nov. 1695.
He published:
* 'A Christians Delight, or Morning-Meditations,' &c., London, 1654, 12mo (has Latin dedication to Sir Arthur Haselrig, signed 'Mauritius' Bohemus; the English title-page has 'Maritius.' The title-page incorrectly states the number of 'Meditations' as ninety-seven; there are ninety-eight, and an appendix makes up one hundred. Palmer, mistaking Calamy, makes this two works).
* 'The Pearle of Peace and Concord,' &c., London, 1665, 16mo (a translation of a German work by Dr. Bergius, published twenty years before, with an irenical aim in view of the differences among protestants; Bohemus dedicates his translation to Oliver Cromwell).
[Calamy's Account, 1713, p. 438; Calamy's Continuation, 1727, p. 594; Palmer's Nonconf. Memorial, 1802, ii. 887; Allg. Deut. Biog. 1875, ii. 386; Burial Register of Walcot, Lincolnshire.]
A. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bogue, Richard

​BOGUE, RICHARD (1783–1813), captain royal artillery, who fell before Leipzig in 1813, was son of John Bogue, M.D., of Fareham, Hampshire, and was born in 1783. He entered the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, as a cadet, 31 Jan. 1797, passing out as a second lieutenant in the royal artillery in July 1798, and becoming a second captain in that corps in March 1806. In June 1813 he went out to the north of Germany with some artillery detachments, which were united under his command as a rocket brigade, afterwards officially known as the (late) 2nd rocket troop, royal artillery. The troop, while attached to the army of the Prince Royal of Sweden (Bernadotte), rendered very important service in the memorable battles around Leipzig on 16-19 Oct. 1813. On 18 Oct., the second day of fighting, when supporting Bulow’s corps, which was on the extreme left of the prince royal, in an attack upon a retiring body of French near the village of Paunsdorf, Bogue was killed by a cannon-ball which struck him on the head, or, by some accounts, the breast. He lies buried in the village of Taucha, some miles north-east of Leipzig.
[Gent. Mag. lxxxiii. ii. 507; Kane’s List of Officers R. Art. (revised ed. Woolrich, 1869; Duncan's Hist. R. Art. i. 394, 404, ii. 290; Marquis of Londonderry's Narrative of War in Germany, p. 172 (London, 1830); Alison's Hist. of Europe, xii. 246 (ed. 1849-50); Murray’s Handbook of N. Germany (name misspelt Bowyer), p. 2821]
H. M. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Boehm, Anthony William

​BOEHM, ANTHONY WILLIAM (1673–1722), German chaplain at St. James's, was the son of the Rev. Anthony Boehm, minister of Oestorff, in the county of Pyrmont, Germany, and was born 1 June 1673. After courses of education at Lemgo and Hameln, he entered in 1693 the then newly founded university of Halle. In 1698 he was called to Arolsen, the seat of the Count of Waldeck, to educate the count's two daughters in the principles of Christianity; but, the liberality of his religious opinions having aroused the hostility of certain ecclesiastics, the count felt constrained, in opposition to his better judgment, to dispense with his services. Shortly afterwards he received an invitation to become chaplain to the Duchess-dowager of Coburg, but he finally resolved to respond to the request of some German families in London, who were desirous of obtaining German instruction for their children. He set out for London 25 Aug. 1701, and after spending some months in the strenuous study of English, he opened his school in February 1702. He met with fair success, but his office was by no means a lucrative one. It so happened, however, that on his way to England he had made the acquaintance of Henry William Ludolf, secretary to Prince George of Denmark, and when the prince, at the request of Queen Anne, resolved to introduce the common prayer book into his own chapel, Boehm, on the recommendation of the secretary, was appointed assistant chaplain to read the prayers, which the then chaplain found too hard for him. After the death of the prince the service was continued at the chapel as before, and on the accession of George I no alteration was made, 'so that,' in the words of his biographer, 'he continued his pious labours to his dying day, which, after three or four days illness, happened at Greenwich 27 May 1722, in the forty-ninth year of his age.' He was buried ​in Greenwich churchyard, where a monument was erected to his memory. Boehm was a very voluminous author. Besides a large number of works in German, many translations, and various editions of other authors, he published ‘Enchiridion Precum cum Introductione de natura Orationis,’ 1707, 2nd edition 1715: a volume of ‘Discourses and Tracts;’ ‘The Duty of the Reformation,’ 1718; ‘The Doctrine of Godly Sorrow,’ 1720; ‘Plain Directions for reading the Holy Bible,' 1708, 2nd edition 1721; ‘The First Principles of practical Christianity, in Questions and Answers, expressed in the very Words of Scripture,’ 1708, 2nd edition 1710. He also left a number of works in manuscript.
[The collected writings of Boehm were published at Altona in 1731–2 by the Rev. J. J. Rambach, professor of divinity at Halle, accompanied with a preface and memoirs. These memoirs, translated into English by John Christian Jacobi, appeared at London 1735; they contain a full list of his various publications and manuscripts. A condensation of the memoirs is given in Wilford's Memorials of Eminent persons.]
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bogdani, James

​BOGDANI or BOGDANE, JAMES (d. 1720), painter, was born in Hungary, the son of a deputy from the states of that country ​to the emperor. He received no professional training, but by the force of his natural abilities attained to a considerable degree of excellence as a painter of still-life and birds. He came at an early age to this country, where he was for some time known only as ‘The Hungarian.’ Queen Anne patronised him, and he made a fortune by the practice of his art; but in his later years he experienced a series of misfortunes which reduced him to poverty; and, after a residence of nearly fifty years in England, he died in London in 1720. His pictures and goods were sold by auction at his house, the sign of the Golden Eagle, Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields. There are at Hampton Court eight pictures by Bogdani, some of which were expressly painted for the panels in the ‘King's Closet.'
[Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting (Wornum), p. 629; Pilkington's Dictionary of Painters, ed. Davenport (1852); Redgrave's Dictionary of Artists (1878); MS. notes in British Museum.]
L. F.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Boyle, Murragh

​BOYLE, MURRAGH, Viscount Blessington. [See under Boyle, Michael (1609?–1702).]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Boyle, David

1904 Errata appended.
​BOYLE, DAVID, Lord Boyle (1772–1853), president of the Scottish court of session, fourth son of the Hon. Patrick Boyle of Shewalton, near Irvine, the third son of John, second Earl of Glasgow, was born at Irvine on 26 July 1772; was called to the Scottish bar on 14 Dec. 1793; was gazetted (9 May 1807), under the Duke of Portland's administration, solicitor-general for Scotland; and in the general election of the following month was returned to the House of Commons by Ayrshire, which he continued to represent until his appointment, on 23 Feb. 1811, as a lord of session and of justiciary. He was appointed lord justice clerk on 15 Oct. 1811. He was sworn on 11 April 1820 a member of the privy council of George IV, at whose coronation, on 19 July 1821, he is recorded by Sir Walter Scott to have shown to great advantage in his robes.
After acting as lord justice clerk for nearly thirty years, Boyle was appointed lord justice-general and president of the court of session, on the resignation of Charles Hope, lord Granton. Boyle resigned office in May 1852, declining the baronetcy which was offered to ​him, and retired to his estate at Shewalton, to which he had succeeded on the death of a brother in 1837. He died on 30 Jan. 1853.
Boyle was always distinguished for his noble personal appearance. Sir J. W. Gordon painted full-length portraits of him for the Faculty of Advocates and for the Society of Writers to the Signet. Mr. Patrick Park also made a bust of him for the hall of the Society of Solicitors before the Supreme Courts in Edinburgh.
Boyle was twice married: first, on 24 Dec. 1804, to Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Alexander Montgomerie of Annick, brother of the twelfth Earl of Eglintoun, who died on 14 April 1822; he had nine children by her, the eldest of whom, Patrick Boyle, succeeded to his estates; and secondly, on 17 July 1827, to Camilla Catherine, eldest daughter of David Smythe of Methven, lord Methven, a lord of session and of justiciary, who died on 25 Dec. 1880, leaving four children.
[Wood's Douglas's Peerage of Scotland, 1813; Lodge's Peerage and Baronetage, 1883; Gent. Mag., passim; Brunton and Haig's Senators of the College of Justice, 1813; Caledonian Mercury and Glasgow Herald, 7 Feb. 1853; Edinburgh Evening Courant and Ayr Observer, 8 Feb. 1853; Times, 9 Feb. 1853; Illustrated London News, 29 Jan. and 12 Feb. 1853.]
A. H. G.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.34 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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