OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/St Lô

See also Saint-Lô on Wikipedia; Saint-Lô on Wikipedia; St Lô in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
ST LÔ, a town of France, chef-lieu of the department of Manche, on the right bank of the Vire, 195 miles west by north of Paris by the railway which here breaks up into two branches for Coutances and Vire respectively. The old town stands on a rocky hill (110 feet high) commanding the river; the modern town spreads out below. Notre Dame is a Gothic building of the 14th century, with portal and two towers of the 15th. In the town-house is the Torigny marble, commemorating the assemblies held in Gaul under the Romans and now serving as a pedestal for the bust of Leverrier the astronomer, who was born at St Lô. The museum has some good pictures, and in the abbey of St Croix there are windows of the 14th century. The Champs de Mars is a fine tree-planted place. Horse-breeding, cloth and calico weaving, wool-spinning, currying and tanning, are the local industries. The population in 1881 was 9889 (10,121 in the commune).
St Lô, founded in the Gallo-Roman period, was originally called Briovira (bridge on the Vire), and afterwards St Étienne, the present name being from one of its bishops (Lo, Laudus), who lived in the 6th century. By the time of Charlemagne the town was already surrounded with walls and contained the abbey, which was sacked by the Normans. In 1141 it fell into the hands of Geoffrey Plantagenet. But in 1203 the castle opened its gates to Philip Augustus, and, weaving being introduced, St Lô soon became a flourishing industrial centre. In the middle of the 14th century Edward III. of England captured the town and according to Froissart obtained immense booty. It was again taken by the English in 1417, but the victory of Formigny (1450) restored it permanently to France. The hearty welcome it gave to the Reformation brought upon St Lô new disasters and new sieges. The revocation of the Edict of Nantes led to the emigration of a part of the inhabitants. In 1800 the town was made the centre of the department, but by Napoleon’s orders it was deprived of its fortifications.
# England's treasure by forraign trade/Introduction

To the Right Honourable, THOMAS EARL OF SOUTH-HAMPTON,
MY LORD,
I Preſent this enſuing Treatiſe to your Lordſhip as its proper Patron, to whom, by vertue of your great Truſt (the greateſt, doubtleſs, in this Kingdome) the management of his Majeſty's Treaſure, and improvement of his Revenue, are moſt peculiarly committed.
The title of it (Englands Treaſure by Forraign Trade) alone beſpeaks your ​notice, the Argument, (being of ſo publick a nature) may invite your peruſall but the Tract it ſelf will, I hope, deferve your Lordſhips Protection. It was left me in the nature of a Legacy by my Father, for whoſe fake I cannot but value it as one of my beſt Moveables, and as ſuch I dedicate it to your Lordſhip.
He was in his time famous amongſt Merchants, and well known to moſt men of buſineſs, for his general Experience in Affairs, and notable Inſight into Trade ; neither was he leſs obſerved for his Integrity to his Prince, and Zeal to the Common-wealth : the ſerious Discourſes of ſuch men are commonly not unprofitable.
To your Lordſhips judgement I ſubmit this Treatiſe, and my preſumption herein to your Pardon.
          My Lord,
Your moſt faithful and obedient Servant,
John Mun.
# England's treasure by forraign trade/Chapter 9

Chap. IX
A Toleration for Forraign Coins to pass current here at higher rates then their value with our Standard, will not encrease our Treasure.
The discreet Merchant for the better directing of his trade and his exchanges by bills to and from the several places of the world where he is acustomed to deal, doth carefully learn the Parity or equal value of the monies according to their weight and fineness compared with our Standard,Merchants do or ought to know the weight and fineness of forraign Coins. whereby he is able to know perfectly the just profit or loss of his affairs. And I make no doubt but that we trade to divers places where we vent off our native commodities yearly, to a great value, and yet find few or no wares there fitting our use, whereby we are enforced to make our returns in ready mony, which by us is either carried into some of the Countries to be converted into wares which we want, or else it is brought into the Realm in Specie; which being tolerated to pass current here in payment at higher rates then they are worth to be Coined into sterling mony; that seemeth very probable that the greater quantity will be brought in: but when all the circumstances are duly considered, this course ​likewise will be found as weak as the rest to encrease our Treasure.
First, the toleration it self doth break the laws of entercourse, and would soon move other Princes to perform the same acts or worse against us, and so frustrate our hopes.
Secondly, if mony be the true measure of all our other means, and forraign Coins tollerated to pass current amongst us, at higher rates than they are worth (being compared our Standard) it followeth that the common wealth shall not be justly distributed, when it passeth by a false measure.
Thirdly, if the advantage between ours and forraign Coins be but small, it will bring in little or no Treasure, because the Merchant will rather bring in wares upon which there is usually a competent gaine. And on the other side if we permit a great advantage to the forraign Coins, then that gain will carry away all our starling mony, and so I leave this business in a Dilemma, and fruitless, as all other course will ever prove which seek for the gain or loss of our treasure out of the ballance of our general forraign trade, as I will endeavour yet further to demonstrate.
# England's treasure by forraign trade/front matter

​ECONOMIC CLASSICS
Volumes now ready:
ADAM SMITH: Select Chapters and Passages
RICARDO: First Six Chapters
MALTHUS: Parallel Chapters from the 1st and 2nd Editions
THOMAS MUN: England's Treasure by Forraign Trade
Forthcoming volumes : CHILD TURGOT QUESNAI ROSCHER RICHARD JONES SCHMOLLER &c, &c.
Copyright, 1895, By MACMILLAN AND CO.
Norwood Press: J. S. Gushing & Co. — Berwick & Smith. Norwood, Mass., U.S.A.
White Hall, March 24. 166¾. Let this Diſcourſe of Trade be Printed. HENRY BENNET.
ENGLAND's TREASURE BY Forraign Trade OR, The Ballance of our Forraign Trade IS The Rule of our Treaſure,
Written by Thomas Mun of Lond. Merchant, And now published for the Common good by his Son John Mun of Bearſted in the County of Kent, Eſquire.
LONDON Printed by J. G. for Thomas Clark, and are to be ſold at his Shop ac the South entrance of the Royal Exchange, 1664.
# Executive Order 1734

more info.
Signed by President William H. Taft Monday, March 3, 1913
1913 CSR 127
Mr. Jesse L. Suter may be appointed to a clerical position in the classified service without reference to the civil-service rules.
The White House,
    March 3, 1913.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 1737

more info.
Signed by President William H. Taft Monday, March 3, 1913
1913 CSR 127
Mr. Fred Roege may be reinstated as assistant postmaster in the post office at Pensacola, Fla., without regard to the length of time that he has been separated from the service.
The White House,
    March 3, 1913.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 1731

more info.
Signed by President William H. Taft Monday, March 3, 1913
1913 CSR 126
Mrs. Katharine T. Gerald may be appointed to a classified position in the Bureau of Pensions without examination.
The White House,
    March 3, 1913.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 1733

more info.
See the Notes section for a list of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President William H. Taft Monday, March 3, 1913
It is hereby ordered that all islands of the Aleutian chain, Alaska, including Unimak and Sannak Islands on the east, and extending to and including Attu Island on the west, be, and the same are hereby, reserved and set apart as a preserve and breeding ground for native birds, for the propagation of reindeer and fur-bearing animals, and for the encouragement and development of the fisheries. Jurisdiction over the wild birds and game and the propagation of reindeer and fur-bearing animals is hereby placed with the Department of Agriculture, and jurisdiction over the fisheries, seals, sea otter, cetaceans, and other aquatic species is placed with the Department of Commerce and Labor.
It is unlawful for any person to kill any otter, mink, marten, sable, or fur seal, or other fur-bearing animal within the limits of Alaska Territory, except under such regulations as may be prescribed by the Secretary of Commerce and Labor; and it is unlawful for any person to kill any game animals or birds in Alaska or ship such animals or birds out of Alaska except under the provisions of law and under such regulations as may be prescribed by the Secretary of Agriculture.
Within the limits of this reservation it is unlawful for any person to hunt, trap, capture, willfully disturb, or kill any bird of any kind whatever, or to take the eggs of any such bird, except under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the Secretary of Agriculture.
Warning is expressly given to all persons not to commit any of the acts herein enumerated and which are prohibited by law.
The establishment of this reservation shall not interfere with the use of the islands for lighthouse, military, or naval purposes, or with the extension of the work of the Bureau of Education on Unalaska and Atka Islands.
This reservation to be known as the Aleutian Islands Reservation.
The White House,
       March 3, 1913.

## Notes

Shortcut: WS:USEO

### Amended by

* Executive Order 2442, August 11, 1916;
* Executive Order 4076, September 20, 1924;
* Executive Order 5318, April 7, 1930
* Proclamation 2416, July 25, 1940 (renamed)
* Public Law 96-487 (Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act), December 2, 1980
    - Incorporated this reservation, as amended, into the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge

### Revoked (in part) by

* Executive Order 5243, December 19, 1929
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 1736

more info.
Signed by President William H. Taft Monday, March 3, 1913
1913 CSR 126
Joab P. Foster may be reinstated as a veterinary inspector in the Department of Agriculture.
The White House,
    March 3, 1913.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 1729

more info.
Signed by President William H. Taft Monday, March 3, 1913
1913 CSR 125
Louise F. Bradley may be appointed charwoman in the State, War, and Navy Department Building without reference to her standing on the unskilled laborer register.
The White House,
    March 3, 1913.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 173

more info.
Signed by President Theodore Roosevelt Thursday, May 29, 1902
1901 CSR 58
Whereas certain misunderstandings have existed in regard to the proper construction of section 8 of Civil Service Rule II, which provides as follows:
    "No removal shall be made from the competitive classified service except for just cause and for reasons given in writing; and the person sought to be removed shall have notice and be furnished a copy of such reasons, and be allowed a reasonable time for personally answering the same in writing. Copy of such reasons, notice, and answer and of the order of removal shall be made a part of the records of the proper department or office; and the reasons for any change in rank or compensation within the competitive classified service shall also be made a part of the records of the proper department or office."
Now, for the purpose of preventing all such misunderstandings and improper constructions of said section, it is hereby declared that the term "just cause," as used in section 8, Civil Service Rule II, is intended to mean any cause, other than one merely political or religious, which will promote the efficiency of the service; and nothing contained in said rule shall be construed to require the examination of witnesses or any trial or hearing except in the discretion of the officer making the removal.
Approved. White House,
       May 29, 1902.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 1730

more info.
Signed by President William H. Taft Monday, March 3, 1913
1913 CSR 126
Col. Heber M. Creel of North Dakota may be appointed a supervisor of Indian schools without regard to the civil-service rules.
The White House,
    March 3, 1913.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 1732

more info.
Signed by President William H. Taft Monday, March 3, 1913
1913 CSR 126
Miss Alice E. Gibbs may be appointed to a classified position in the Government service without compliance with the civil-service rules.
The White House,
    March 3, 1913.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 1735

more info.
Signed by President William H. Taft Monday, March 3, 1913
1913 CSR 126
Thomas Butler of the District of Columbia may be appointed without examination to the position of laborer in the classified civil service.
The White House,
    March 3, 1913.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 1117

more info.
Signed by President William H. Taft Friday, July 30, 1909
It is hereby ordered that the employees of the Executive Departments, the Government Printing Office, and the Navy Yard and Station, who are members of the Grand Army of the Republic, be granted such portions of their annual leave as they may desire, not exceeding fourteen days, to enable them to attend the National Encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic at Salt Lake City, beginning on the 9th and ending on the 14th of August.
The White House,
       July 30, 1909.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 11129

more info.
See the Notes section for a list of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson Friday, November 29, 1963
Federal Register page & date: 28 FR 12787, Tuesday, December 3, 1963
Executive Order 11129 of November 29, 1963
Designating Certain Facilities of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and of the Department of Defense, in the State of Florida, as the John F. Kennedy Space Center
Whereas President John F. Kennedy lighted the imagination of our people when he set the moon as our target and man as the means to reach it; and
Whereas the installations now to be renamed are a center and symbol of our country's peaceful assault on space; and
Whereas it is in the nature of this assault that it should test the limits of our youth and grace, our strength and wit, our vigor and perseverance qualities fitting to the memory of John F. Kennedy;
Now, Therefore, by virtue of the authority in me as President of the United States, I hereby designate the facilities of the Launch Operations Center of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the facilities of Station No. 1 of the Atlantic Missile Range, in the State of Florida, as the John F. Kennedy Space Center; and such facilities shall be hereafter known and referred to by that name.

## Notes

Shortcut: WS:USEO

### See Related

* None Available
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 11139

more info.
See the Notes section for a listing of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson Tuesday, January 7, 1964
Federal Register page & date: 29 FR 227, Thursday, January 9, 1964
Executive Order 11139 of January 7, 1964
Authorizing Acceptance of the United Nations Medal and Service Ribbon
By virtue of the authority vested in me as President of the United States and as Commander in Chief of the armed forces of the United States, I hereby authorize the Secretary of Defense, with respect to members of the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps, and the Secretary of the Treasury, with respect to members of the Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Navy, to prescribe regulations under which the United Nations Medal and Service Ribbon may be accepted by members of the armed forces who have been determined eligible for consideration in accordance with the Regulations for the United Nations Medal, promulgated by the United Nations Organization on July 30, 1959. A determination that service with the United Nations in a particular geographic area or for a particular purpose constitutes a justifiable basis for authorizing acceptance of the United Nations Medal and Service Ribbon by eligible members of the armed forces of the United States shall be made with the concurrence of the Secretary of State.

## Notes

Shortcut: WS:USEO
Amended by:
* Executive Order 13286, February 28, 2003
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 11154

more info.
See the Notes section for a listing of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson Friday, May 8, 1964
Federal Register page & date: 29 FR 6233, Tuesday, May 12, 1964
Whereas, J. Edgar Hoover, Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, will, during the month of January 1965, become subject to compulsory retirement for age under the provisions of the Civil Service Retirement Act, unless exempted therefrom; and
Whereas, in my judgment, the public interest requires that Mr. Hoover be exempted from such compulsory retirement:
Now, Therefore, by virtue of and pursuant to the authority vested in me by section 5 of the Civil Service Retirement Act, 70 Stat. 748 (5 U.S.C. 2255), I hereby exempt J. Edgar Hoover from compulsory retirement for age for an indefinite period of time.
Except as the authority vested in the President by section 5 of the Civil Service Retirement Act is specifically exercised in this Order, nothing contained in this Order shall be deemed to limit or restrict in any manner the exercise of such authority by the Civil Service Commission under authority delegated to the Commission by section 2(c) of Executive Order No. 10530 of May 10, 1954, as amended by Executive Order No. 10682 of October 22, 1956.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 1115

more info.
Signed by President William H. Taft Friday, July 30, 1909
2 Canal Record 414, No. 52, August 25, 1909
Under authority vested in me by law, it is ordered:
That Section 149 of Act No. 14 of the Laws of the Canal Zone is amended to read as follows:
    Sec. 149. Every person guilty of murder in the first degree shall suffer death, or if there be extenuating circumstances, confinement in the penitentiary for life; and every person guilty of murder in the second degree is punishable by imprisonment in the penitentiary not less than ten years.
The White House,
    July 30, 1909.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 1116

more info.
Signed by President William H. Taft Friday, July 30, 1909
2 Canal Record 414, No. 52, August 25, 1909
Under authority vested in me by law, it is ordered:
That every convict who is now or who may hereafter be confined in the Canal Zone penitentiary under sentence for a definite time, and who shall have no infraction of the rules and regulations of the penitentiary or laws of the Canal Zone recorded against him, and who performs the duties assigned to him in a faithful, orderly and peaceable manner, shall be entitled to the diminution of time from his sentence as follows: For the first year, one month; for the second year, two months; for the third year, three months; for the fourth year, four months; for the fifth year, five months; for the sixth and each succeeding year, six months; and pro rata for any part of a year, where the sentence is for more or less than a year.
In case any convict shall be guilty of the violation of any of the rules or regulations of the penitentiary or laws of the Canal Zone as above provided, and has become entitled to any diminution of his sentence by the provisions aforesaid, he shall for the first offense forfeit, if he has made so much, two days; for the second offense, four days; for the third offense, eight days; for the fourth offense, sixteen days; and in addition thereto whatever number of days, more than one, that he is in punishment, shall also be forfeited; for more than four offenses, the warden shall have power to deprive him, at his discretion, of any portion or all of the diminution of sentence that he may have earned, but not less than as provided for the fourth offense: Provided That the Chief Executive of the Canal Zone shall have the power to restore to any convict any diminution of sentence forfeited by him.
Whenever any convict is or has been committed under several convictions, with separate sentences, they shall be construed as one continuous sentence, in the granting or forfeiting of diminution of sentence.
The warden, in computing the diminution of sentence of any convict now in the penitentiary, shall allow him for the unexpired portion of his sentence, the same as if this order had been in effect at the commencement of his sentence, but shall not allow him for the portion of his sentence already served.
The White House,
    July 30, 1909.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse