# Cassell's Illustrated History of England/Volume 2/Index

INDEX.
Note.—The dates affixed to the names, thus ( ), represent in the case of the English Sovereigns the period of the reign, and in other cases include the years during which the persons and events named figure in this history.
* Abbeys, dissolution of (1536–1539), 221, 240–241
* Aberdeen College, foundation of (1494), 583
* Adolphus of Holstein (1560), 422
* Alphonso di Castro (1555), 376–7
* Alva, Duke of, threatened invasion by (1572), 478
* André, Marsha! St. (1551), 332
* Anjou, Duke of, proposed in marriage to Elizabeth (1571), 473
* Architecture, progress of (1399–1485), 54–9
——— (1485–1603), 599–601
* Arden, imprisonment and execution of (1583), 499
* Argyle, Earl of (1559), 401–404
* Armada, Spanish (1588), 527–33
* Arms and armour (1399–1485), 62
* ——— (1485–1603), 604, 605
* Arragon, Catherine of (1501–1536), 107–109, 113, 114, 118, 134, 145, 162, 164, 184–5, 188–196, 208, 210, 212, 214, 222–224
* Arthur, Prince, born (1486), 80; marriage and death (1501–2), 107, 108
* Articles of Religion reduced from forty-two to thirty-nine (1563), 419
* Arundel, Earl of, imprisonment of (1585), 503
* Ashly, Mrs. Catherine, governess of Elizabeth (1549), 315, 316
* Askew, Anne (1546), 291
̈*Austria, Don John of (1578), 488
* Babington, Sir Anthony, his conspiracy against the life of Elizabeth (1586), 507–9
* Bacon, Sir Nicholas (1558–1579), 395–8
* Bamet, battle of (1471), 3–4
* Bartholomew, massacre of St. (1572), 483
* Beaton, Cardinal (1539–1546), 267–276, 280, 284–9
* Berwick, treaty of (1560), 409, 410
* "Black Saturday" (1547), 304
* "Bloody Statute" (1539), 245
* Bocher, Joan, burnt for heresy (1551), 329
* Boleyn, Anne (1527–1536), 184–91, 194, 196, 197, 201, 207–14, 216, 221, 224–33
* ———, Sir Thomas (1519), 148
* Bonivet, Admiral (1524), 147, 172
* Bonner, Bishop (1546–1559), 290, 308, 348, 350, 375–80, 394, 398
* Bosworth, battle of (1485), 37, 38
* Bothwell, Earl of (1566–1567), 431–33, 436–49, 451–52
* Bourbon, Duke of (1524), 170–176, 179, 181–182
* Brandon, Duke of Suffolk (1514), 136, 137
* Bridgewater, battle of (1549), 320
* Brittany, Duke of, ingratitude of Henry VII. to, 85 87
* Brownists, a sect of Dissenters, persecution of (1582), 403
* Buckingham, Duke of (1483), raises an insurrection, 28–32
* ——— (1520), 155–8
* Buckingham's Flood, 32
* Burgundy, Duke of (1471–1477), 1, 2, 10–13
* Cabot, Sebastian (1498), 117
* Cacafuego, captured by Sir Francis Drake, 526
* Calais, meeting of Henry VII. and the Archduke Philip at (1506) 112
* ———, siege of (1558), 387–88
* Campeggio, Cardinal (1528), 191–197
* Canglar, battle of (1487), 96
* Carberry Hill, battle of (1567), 444
* Carew, Sir George, lost in the Mary Rose (1545), 281
* Castille, King and Queen of, in England (1506), 112–13
* Castro, Alphonso di, inveighing against religious persecution (1555), 376–7
* Catholic rebellion in the reign of Edward VI. (1549), 317–20
* Catholics, persecution of (1563–1582), 493–5
* Cecil, Sir William, Lord Burleigh (1558–1598), 393–5, 405–6, 408–9, 411–18, 423–5, 433–6, 455–61, 470, 478–9, 495, 512–13, 518, 521, 537–9, 543, 545
* ———, Sir Robert (1596–1603), 543, 551, 556–7, 561, 563–4
* Charles V. (1524), 171–3, 176–183, 188–9
* ——— IX. of France (1560–1574), 412, 476, 482–85
* ———, Archduke of Austria (1564), 420–21, 423
* Christ's Hospital, founded by Edward VI. (1553), 583
* Clarence, Duke of, murdered (1478), 14, 15
* Claude, queen of Francis I. (1520), 152–154
* Clement VII. (1524), 172, 188–89, 206–8, 213
* Cleves, Anne of (1540), 249–56
* Clifton Downs, battle of (1549), 320
* Cloth of Gold, Field of the (1520), 150–154
* Coins and Coinage (1399–1485), 64, 65
* ——— (1485–1603), 609–611
* Coligny, Admiral (1549), 323
* Constitution and Laws (1399–1485), 40–45
* ——— (1485–1603), 568–574
* Costume of the People of England (1399–1485), 68–72
* ——— (1485–1603), 605–609
* Covenanters, Scottish (1558), 400–407
* Cranmer, Thomas (1529–1556), 203–381
* Cromwell, Thomas (1529–1540), 200–255
* Culpepper, Thomas, cousin of Catherine Howard (1541), 260–61
* Darnley, Lord, husband of Mary Queen of Scots (1564–1567), 424–33, 436–40
* Davison (1586–1587), 518, 519, 521–24
* Dee. Dr., famous astrologer (1559–1567), 395, 435–6, 563
* "Defender of the Faith," title given to Henry VIII. (1527), 183
* Desmond, Earl of (1579), 491 ​
* "Devise, the Secret" (1543), 274
* Drake, Sir Francis (1572-96), 525-27, 530-2, 536-37
* Dublin University founded (1591), 583
* Dudley, Earl of Warwick (1549), 323
* ———, Lord Guildford (1553-1554), 338, 356, 366, 368
* ———, Robert, Earl of Leicester (1564-1588), 418, 422-24, 526-8, 533
* Edinburgh Castle, siege of (1573), 485
* ——— University founded (1582), 583
* ——— High School founded (1577), 583
* Education, decline of, in England, 585
* Edward IV. (1471-1483); lands in England, 2; proclaimed king, 2; joined by Clarence, 3; victorious at Barnet, 4; interview with the French king, 10-11; becomes a pensioner, 12; severity to his subjects, 12; dissipation, 14; disputes with the Scottish king, 16; death, 18-19
* ——— V. (1483); enters London, 22; declared illegitimate, 25; murdered in the Tower, 29
* ——— VI. (1547-1553); ascends the throne, 293; his letter to the insurgents, 320; unwillingness to sign a death-warrant, 329; his failing health, 338; his desires with respect to the future prospects of his kingdom, 338; his ast physician, death, and character, 340
* Effingham, Lord Howard of (1588), 527-33
* Elizabeth, Queen (1558-1603); ascends the throne, 393, coronation, 395; supports the Huguenots, 418; matrimonial adventurers, 420-23; interests herself in the marriage of the Queen of Scots, 425; her anger at the birth of James VI., 433; her triumph over the Parliament, 435; receives a letter from the Queen of Scots, 455; her conduct with regard to the charges brought against the fugitive queen, 460; assists the Protestants in the Netherlands, 461; proceedings against Catholics and Protestants, 471-72; question of her marriage submitted to the Council, 489; persecution of sectaries, 493; negotiations with James of Scotland, 501; rumours of plots for her assassination, 502; receives a last letter from Mary of Scotland, 515; sends an official announcement of Mary's death to James of Scotland, 524; the Armada, 530; Elizabeth at Tilbury, 533; Earl of Essex, 536-557; last days of Elizabeth, 563-64; her character, 564-66
* Empson and Dudley, punishment of, 118-19
* Eric, Prince of Sweden (1564), 421
* Essex, Walter Devereux, Earl of (1580-1601), 536-557
* Exchange, Royal, founded by Sir Thomas Gresham (1571), 472
* Felton, John, executed (1570), 470
* Fennington Bridge, battle of (1549), 321
* Ferrar, Bishop of St. David's, burnt (1555), 376
* Fire Cross, 304
* Fisher, Bishop (1535), 218-219
* Fitzmaurice, brother of the Earl of Desmond (1570), 491
* Flodden Field, battle of (1513), 131-33
* Framlingham Castle, head-quarters of Queen Mary (1553), 342
* Francis I. of France (1515-1547), 137, 142-155, 158-161, 164-65, 170-183, 213, 278, 281, 303
* ——— II. of France, husband of Mary Queen of Scots (1559-1560), 406, 412
* Furniture and decoration (1485-1603), 603-604
* Gaston de Foix (1512), 123
* Gardiner, Stephen (1527-1557), 188, 203, 233, 264, 291-93, 383
* Glastonbury, Abbot of, executed (1539), 250
* Gowrie Conspiracy (1601), 560
* Grace, the pilgrimage of (1536), 236-238
* Grange, Kirkaldy of (1546), 288
* Grey, Lady Catherine, excites the indignation of Elizabeth (1551), 417
* ——— Lady Jane (1551-1554), 338-368}}
* Grindall, Bishop (1575-1583), 493
* Guise, Mary of (1538), 267
* Gutenberg, inventor of printing (1445), 48, 49
* Hampton Court, 203
* Harrington, Sir John (1599), 552
* Havre, siege of, by the French (1564), 420
* Hawkins introduces the slave trade, 525, 615
* Heath, Dr., Bishop of York (1557-1559), 383, 393, 398
* Henry VI., death of (1471), 5
* ——— VII. (1485-1509), ascends the throne, 74; his marriage, 78; confines the Queen-dowager, 82; ingratitude to the Duke of Brittany, 85-87; threatens France, 88; bargains for peace, 90-92; troubled by Perkin Warbeck, 92-104; marries his daughter Margaret to the Scottish Prince, 105; his son Prince Arthur to Catherine of Arragon, 107-8; contracts his son Henry to Catherine of Arragon, 108; loses his wife Elizabeth, 109; his death, 116
* ——— VIII. (1509-1547), ascends the throne, 117; marries Catherine of Arragon, 118; punishes Empson and Dudley, 118-19; declares war against France, 122; lays siege to Terouenne, 125; besieges Tournay, 128; war with Scotland, 129; peace with France, 136; marries his sister to Louis, 136; birth of the Princess Mary, 145; war with France, 164; secret treaty with Bourbon, 171; sends ambassadors to France to congratulate the King on his restoration, 180; new treaty of alliance, 183; writes against Luther, 183; receives the title, "Defender of the Faith," 183; falls in love with Anne Boleyn, 184; war with the Emperor, 188; sues for a divorce, 191; deprives Wolsey of his offices, 193; marries Anne Boleyn, 209; rupture with Rome, 211; separation from the Roman See, 211, assumes the title of Head of the Church, 216; Cromwell made vicar-general of ecclesiastical affairs, 221; execution of Anne Boleyn, 232: marriage with Jane Seymour, 233; declares his former children illegitimate, 233; marries Anne of Cleves, 252; his divorce, 255: marries Catherine Howard, 256; impeaches her of high treason, 263; marries Catherine Parr, 278; his death and character, 297
* Hentzner, German traveller, his description of Queen Elizabeth (1598), 548
* Hertford, Lord (1544), 279
* Holy League, the (1512-1514), 122-23, 136
* Hooper, Bishop of Gloucester (1551-1555), 330, 376
* Howard, Catherine (1540-1542), 256-264
* Hugh, Baron of Dungannon (1598), 550
* Huguenots, French Protestants (1562-1572), 418-420, 461, 483
* Ireland raised from the rank of a lordship to that of a kingdom (1541), 267
* Isabella of Warwick (1474), 8, 9
* Jane Shore (1483), 24
* James III. of Scotland (1482-1488), 16, 17, 96, 98
* ——— IV. of Scotland (1488), 98; invades England (1513), 129; defeated and slain at Flodden Field, 131-32
* ——— V. of Scotland (1542), 267-9
* ——— VI. of Scotland (1566-1603), 433, 560-61, 563-64}}
* Jedburgh and other towns captured by the French (1549), 322
* John III., Duke of Cleves (1539), 249-50
* ——— Duke of Finland (1559), 421}}
* Juana, the "Mad Queen" (1506), 113
* Kenilworth visited by Queen Elizabeth (1572), 462
* Kent, Holy Maid of (1534), 214-15
* Ket, the tanner of Wymondham (1549), 321-22
* Kimbolton Castle, treatment of Queen Catherine at, 222
* "King's Book, The," issued by Henry VIII. (1542), 264
* Kingston, Lady, interview with Anne Boleyn (1536), 231
* Kingstone, Sir Anthony (1549), 320
* Kirk-of-Field, murder of Lord Darnley at (1567), 437-40
* Knevet, Sir Anthony (1546), 291
* Knox, John (1547-1561), 303, 399-408, 411, 416
* Lambert, John, trial of (1539), 245
* Latimer, Hugh (1534-1555), 215, 310, 355, 377-80
* Launoy, Cornelius, an alchemist, imprisoned (1567), 435
* Laws and Constitution (1399-1485), 40​
* Laws and Constitution (1485–1603), 568–574
* League and Covenant, Scottish, first drawn up (1557), 400
* Leith besieged by the English (1560), 410
* Lennox, Regent of Scotland (1570–1572), 468, 469, 482
* Leo X. (1527), 188
* Literature, Science, and Art (1399–1485), 48–52
* ——— (1485–1603), 581–593
* Lochleven, 445
* Lorraine, Duke of, his contract with Anne of Cleves (1540), 250, 255
* Louis XI. of France (1475–1483), 10–13, 17, 18
* Luther, Martin (1527), 183-4
* Maitland of Lethington (1567–1573), 436–44, 482, 485
* Manners and customs of the people (1399-1486), 66–68
———————————————— (1487-1603), 117-620 , 117-620
* Margaret, wife of Henry VI. (1471), 4?8
* Mary I. (1553–1558); raises her standard at Framlingham, 342; her triumphal progress to London and reception in the Tower, 347; issues proclamation regarding alterations in the established faith, 34?; her coronation, 35?; re-establishment of the old religion, 353; engagement to Philip of Spain, 357; address to the people, 332; displays her courage, 363; signs death-warrants of Lady Jane Grey and Lord Guilford Dudley, 366; concludes commercial treaty with Russia. 372; character of the queen in connection with the religious persecution, 374–75; the misery of her married life, 382; declares war against France, 385; her melancholy on the loss of Calais, 389; her death, 392; glance at her public and private character, 392
* ——— Queen of Scots (1542–1587), 269, 399, 405, 412–17, 422–71, 474, 477–85, 495–99, 503, 503–521
* ——— Tudor, married to Louis of France (1514), 13?
* Medici, Catherine de (1530–1571), 412, 418, 474
* Melville, Sir James, sent by Mary of Scotland to Elizabeth (1563), 423–25
* Merchant Taylors' School founded (1561), 583
* Milan, investment of (1524), 172
* Monasteries, suppression of (1536–1539), 221, 241–44
* Montacute, Warwick's brother (1471), 2, 3
* Montgomerie, Sienr Lorges (1545), 285
* More, Sir Thomas (1531), 215, 218–20
* Mountjoy, Lord, Deputy of Ireland (1601), 554
* Murray, Earl of (1501–1570), 417, 423–33, 436–8, 441, 442, 444–464, 466, 467
* Music during the Tudor period (1485–1693), 598, 599
* Nancy, battle of (1477), 13
* Navarro, Henry of (1572–1603), 482, 485, 504, 537–41, 544–5, 557
* Netherlands, disturbances in the (1575), 486–493
* Nonconformists, persecution of (1571), 471, 472
* Norfolk, Duke of (1568–1572), 461–464, 470–-480
* ———, Duchess of, 258
* Northampton, Marquis of, sent against Kent the tanner (1549), 321
* Northumberland, Duke of (1551–1553), 334–40, 341–47, 351
* Oglethorpe, Bishop of Carlisle (1559), 335
* Orange, Prince of, applies to Elizabeth (1575), 486
* Painting and sculpture (1399–1485), 59–60
* ——— (1485-1603), 602, 603
* Parr, Catherine (1544–1548), 276–8, 290–93, 313–14
* ——— Thomas, Marquis of Northampton (1549), 317
* Parry, Sir Thomas (1558), 393
* Paul III. (1535), 218
* Paulet, Sir Amyas (1585–1586), 503, 507–12, 515, 518–521
* Pavia, battle of (1525), 173-176
* Peniel Heugh, defeat of the English at (1545), 231
* People, condition of the (1399–1485), 72–74
——— (1485–1603), 620–624
* Persecution, religious, under Queen Mary (1555), 374–382
* Philip of Spain (1553–1598), 357, 369–373, 381–92, 518
* Pinkie, battle of (1547), 304–5
* Pius V. excommunicates Queen Elizabeth (1570), 470
* Pole, Cardinal (1537–1558), 238, 371–75, 381, 392
* ———, Sir Geoffrey (1539), 246
* Pomfret Castle taken by the Pilgrims of Grace (1536), 237
* Printing, invention of (1445), 48-50
* Progress of the Nation, general summary, 38-40, 569
* ——— Architecture (1399–1485), 54–59; (1435–1603), 599–601
* ——— Arms and armour, 62; 604, 605
* ——— Arts bearing on social life, 53, 54
* ——— Coins and coinage, 64, 65; 606–611
* ——— Commerce and shipping, 63, 64; 611–17
* ——— Condition of the people, 72–4, 620–24
* ——— Constitution and laws, 40–45; 568–571
* ——— Costume, 68–72, 605–609
* ——— Furniture and decoration, 603–4
* ——— History and historians, with men of learning and taste. 52, 53
* ——— Literature, science, and art, 43–52, 581–593
* ——— Manners and customs, 66–8, 617, 620
* ——— Music, 598–599
* ——— Painting, sculpture, &c, 59–60; 602, 603
* ——— Religion and the church 45–48; 574–581
* Raleigh, Sir Walter (1579–1603), 491, 527, 531–2 537, 542–4, 563
* Ravenna, battle of (1512), 123
* Reformation, oak of (1549), 321
* Religion and the church (1399–1435), 45–48
* ——— (1485–1603), 574–581
* Richard III. (1483–1485), usurps the crown, 26; murders his nephews, 29; his title confirmed by Parliament, 32; proposes to marry Elizabeth of York, 33; killed at Bosworth, 38
* Richmond, Duke of (1483–1485) 33; invades England, 35; defeats Richard III. at Bosworth, 37; ascends the throne as Henry VII., 38
* Ridley, Bishop, burnt (1555), 390
* Rizzio, favourite of Mary Queen of Scots (1566), 429–431
* Robsart, Amy, wife of the Earl of Leicester, 491
* Rochford, Lord, executed (1526), 231
* Rome, siege of (1527), 182–3
* Roper, Margaret, daughter of Sir T. More (1535), 220
* Rouen, siege of, and massacre of the garrison (1562), 418
* Royal Exchange opened by Queen Elizabeth (1571), 472
* Sadler, Sir Ralph, his mission to James V. (1540), 268
* Salisbury, Countess of, beheaded (1541), 248–49
* Seymour, Admiral (1547–1549), 301, 311–17
* ———, Jano (1536–1537), 233, 239
* Shakespeare, William, 595–6
* Shaxton, Bishop of Salisbury (1546), 291
* Ships and commerce (1399–1435), 63, 64
* ——— (1485–1603), 611–617
* Simons, Richard, pretended Earl of Warwick (1486), 81
* Simnel, Lambert (1486), 81–84
* Six Articles, Bill of, signed by Henry VIII. (1539), 245
* Somerset, Duke of (1547–1552), 301–335
* Somerville (1583), 499
* Spanish Armada (1588), 527–533
* Spenser, Edmund (1580–1597), 593–5
* Spurs, battle of the (1513), 127, 128
* St. Andrews, castle of, besieged (1546), 287–8
* Strozzi, French commander (1558), 387
* Stuart, Esmé (1580), 496
* Tewkesbury, battle of (1471), 4, 5
* Throckmorton, Francis, trial and execution of (1593), 569 ​
* Tilbury, Elizabeth at (1588), 533
* Tournay taken by the English (1513), 128
* Tyrone (1599–1603), 650, 562
* Van Paris burnt for heresy (1551), 329
* Villeroi, French ambassador (1518), 147
* Walsingham, Sir Francis (1571–1591), 471, 474, 489, 499, 506–19, 537
* ———Lady, intercedes for Essex. 551
* Wanstead Abbey, meeting of Mary and Elizabeth at (1553), 347
* Warbeck, Perkin (1492–1498), 92-104
* Warwick, the Kingmaker (1471), 1–4
* ———Ann of (1471), 5, 9
* ———Son of the Duke of Clarence, execution of (1498), 104
* ———Isabella of (1471), 8, 9
* Pretended Earl of (1486), 81
* Wishart, George (1546), 286–87
* Wolsey, Thomas, Cardinal (1513–1530), 125–203
* Wotton, Sir Nicholas (1539), 250
* Wyatt, Sir Thomas (1554). 359, 366
* ———, the elder, 591, 592
* Wydville, Elizabeth (1471), 1–9, 25