OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jones, Thomas (1756-1820)

​JONES, THOMAS (Denbigh) (1756–1820), Calvinistic methodist, was born in February 1756 near Caerwys, Flintshire, where his parents lived on their own farm. He attended a school at Holywell till he was fifteen (1771), and afterwards helped his father on the farm. His parents had intended him to be a clergyman of the established church, but he early joined the Calvinistic methodists. In 1783 he began to preach, and soon acquired much influence in the denomination. In 1795 he removed to Wyddgrug, and in 1804 to Ruthin, where he set up a printing establishment, and began to translate William Gurnall's ‘Christian in full Armour,’ which he completed in four volumes. When the controversy with the Arminians began in 1808, he published a defence of Calvinism, entitled ‘Y Drych Athrawiaethol’ (‘The Theological Mirror’), to which the Rev. Owen Davies replied (1808). In 1808 he published at his own press the ‘Larger Catechism’ (Church of England), translated from Latin into Welsh. In 1809 he removed to Denbigh, where he wrote his ‘History of Martyrs’ (‘Diwygwyr, Merthyron, a Chyffeswyr Eglwys Loegr’), which he completed in August 1813. In 1811, when his denomination finally broke with the church of England, Jones was one of the first eight elected to the full work of the ministry among the Calvinistic methodists in North Wales. In 1814 he published a small volume of hymns. In 1817 he preached before the missionary society in London. His elegy on the death of George III won the prize at the Wrexham eisteddfod, 1820. He died 16 June 1820, and was buried at White Church, near Denbigh. Recent editions have been published in Denbigh of his translation of Gurnall and his ‘Book of Martyrs.’ Jones married thrice.
[Foulkes's Geirlyfr Bywgraffiadol; Williams's Eminent Welshmen; Jones's Geiriadur Bywgraffyddol, ii. 138; Hanes Bywyd Thomas Jones o Dref Ddinbych, 12mo, 1820; Rowlands's Cambrian Bibliography; Cardiff Eisteddfod Transactions, 1883, p. 217; Gee's Cat. of New Books.]
R. J. J.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jones, Thomas (1768-1828)

​JONES, THOMAS (1768–1828), Welsh poet, known as Y Bardd Cloff, or the lame bard, from an accident which he met with in his infancy, was born at Llangollen in Denbighshire in 1768. At the age of fifteen he left home and entered the counting-house of a coach-builder's establishment at 90 Long Acre, London, and from that time till his death on 18 Feb. 1828 he resided on the premises, becoming a partner in the business in 1813.
For a long period Jones was closely connected with the Gwyneddigion Society of London; he was elected member in 1789, acted as secretary for 1790 and 1791, in which capacity he was ‘most zealous and businesslike,’ and was thrice president, on the last occasion in 1821. Several of his poetical compositions were dedicated to the society, such as his ode on the celebration of its anniversary, 15 July 1799, published in Welsh and English (London, 1799, 8vo), and his ode for St. David's day (London, 1802, 8vo) (Leathart, Gwyneddigion, pp. 23, 59–61). Jones also gained several prizes at eisteddfodau. His elegy was written for the Cymmrodorion Society by Robert Davies, ‘Bardd Nantglyn.’
[Leathart's Gwyneddigion Society, pp. 23, 30–33, 49, 59, 73–4; Williams's Eminent Welshmen, pp. 264–5.]
D. Ll. T.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jones, Thomas (1810-1875)

​JONES, THOMAS (1810–1875), librarian of the Chetham Library, born at Underhill Margam, near Neath, Glamorganshire, in 1810, was educated at Cowbridge grammar school and Jesus College, Oxford, where he graduated B.A. in 1832. He compiled a catalogue of the Neath library in 1842, and in 1845 was appointed librarian of the Chetham Library, Manchester. Under his care the Chetham Library was increased from nineteen thousand to forty thousand volumes, and he compiled two volumes of the catalogue of the institution (1862–3) in continuation of those issued by J. Radcliffe in 1791 and W. P. Greswell in 1821. He also wrote an admirably annotated ‘Catalogue of the Collection of Tracts for and against Popery (published in and about the reign of James II) in the Manchester Library founded by Humphrey Chetham’ (Chetham Society, 1859–65, 2 vols. 4to).
He issued a prospectus of a general literary index, and printed specimens of the intended work in ‘Notes and Queries,’ to which he was a regular contributor, usually under the signature ‘Bibliothecarius Chethamensis.’ He also began extensive collections for a life of Dr. Dee. He was a witness before a committee of the House of Commons on public libraries in 1849, and was elected F.S.A. in 1866. He died unmarried at Southport, Lancashire, on 29 Nov. 1875, and was buried at St. Mark's Church, Cheetham Hill, Manchester. His portrait, painted by John Hanson Walker, was presented to the Chetham Library in October 1875.
[Memoir by W. E. A. Axon in Papers of the Manchester Literary Club, ii. 59; App. to Chetham Soc. Publications, vol. xcvi.]
C. W. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Keyworth, Thomas

​KETWORTH, THOMAS (1782–1852), divine and hebraist, son of Thomas Keyworth, a bookseller, of Nottingham, was born in that town in 1782. Going to London as a young man, he was converted from unitarianism by the preaching of Dr. Draper, and entered Cheshunt College to prepare himself for the congregational ministry. Called in the first instance to Sleaford, Lincolnshire, he was afterwards minister successively at Runcorn, Wantage, Faversham, and Nottingham. He also occupied for short periods the pulpits of several London chapels. From 1842 to December 1851 he was in charge of a congregation at Aston Tirrold in Berkshire. He retired at the close of 1851, and died at Cheltenham on 7 Nov. 1852.
Keyworth was distinguished for modesty and simplicity of character. He was an active advocate of a scheme for garden allotments to the poor, and while in London was an able promoter of missionary work. In addition to his hebraical knowledge, he was no mean scholar in general literature. His chief works are:
* ‘Principia Hebraica,’ London, 1817, 8vo (written in conjunction with David Jones).
* ‘A Daily Expositor of the New Testament,’ London, 1825, 8vo.
* ‘A Practical Exposition of the Revelation of St. John,’ 1828, 8vo.
* ‘A Pocket Expositor of the New Testament,’ 1834, 12mo; 2nd edit. 1835.
[Congregational Year-Book, 1853, p. 212; Liverpool Congregational Mag. April 1882, p. 56; Eclectic Review, November 1818; Brit. Mus. Cat.; information from the Rev. Thomas Keyworth.]
T. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Kidd, William (1790?-1863)

​KIDD, WILLIAM (1790?–1863), painter, born about 1790 in Edinburgh, was first apprenticed to a house-painter, but on the completion of his term made his way to London to study painting. He was an enthusiastic admirer of the works of Alexander Carse [q. v.] and of Sir David Wilkie, and determined to paint domestic scenes from Scottish life in their manner. He first exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1817, and at the British Institution in 1818, and was from that time a frequent contributor to both exhibitions, and also to the Society of British Artists in Suffolk Street. Kidd was very successful in depicting the pathos and humour of rustic life, and his pictures have maintained their popularity. Many were engraved, such as ‘The Poacher Detected,’ by T. Lupton, the same picture as ‘Le Braconier Pris,’ and another, ‘Le Baiser Surpris,’ in aquatint by P. Jazet at Paris; ‘Indulging,’ by J. H. Watt; ‘The Poacher's Snare,’ by J. Stewart, &c. In 1849 Kidd was elected an honorary member of the Royal Scottish Academy. Never able to manage his own affairs, Kidd fell at the end of his life into hopeless financial embarrassment, and was supported finally by his friends and a pension from the Royal Academy. He died in London on Christmas eve, 1863. A picture by him, ‘Contemplating the Times,’ was lent to the Century of British Art Exhibition at the Grosvenor Gallery in 1888–9 (No. 29).
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Graves's Dict. of Artists, 1760–1880; Catalogue of Century of British Art Exhibition, Grosvenor Gallery, 1888–9.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Kickham, Charles Joseph

​KICKHAM, CHARLES JOSEPH (1826–1882), journalist, was born in 1826 at Mullinahone, co. Tipperary, where his father was a prosperous shopkeeper. He was intended for the medical profession, but a gunpowder accident, when he was returning from shooting, so injured his sight and hearing that this career became impossible. He took part in the ‘Young Ireland movement,’ and in 1848 busied himself with the preparation of pikes at Mullinahone for the use of the forces of Smith O'Brien.
He became a Fenian about 1860, and in 1865 James Stephens, the Fenian head-centre, appointed him, T. C. Luby, and John O'Leary the supreme executive of his Irish republic, and editors of the ‘Irish People’ newspaper. Kickham and his associates were not, however, fitted by nature for the business of revolution. Their newspaper was suppressed; the supreme executive was taken into custody, and the rising miserably failed (cf. W. O'Brien, When we were Boys). Kickham was arrested at Fairfield House, Sandymount, Dublin, on 11 Nov. 1865, was tried for treason felony, and was sentenced to fourteen years' penal servitude. His friends asserted that he was grossly maltreated in prison, and J. F. Maguire, M.P. for Cork city, called the attention of parliament to the subject in 1867 (Times, 8, 9, 11, and 27 May 1867). After serving four years in Woking and in Portland convict prisons, he was set at liberty. When the election of O'Donovan Rossa for co. Tipperary in 1869 was declared void, Kickham was brought forward as the nationalist candidate. He was returned, but upon a scrutiny he was defeated by Mr. Heron, Q.C., by four votes, 26 Feb. 1870. He thenceforth confined himself to literary work. About 1878 a ‘Kickham Tribute’ was collected for his benefit. He died at Blackrock, near Dublin, on 21 Aug. 1882.
Kickham was the author of several poems and stories dealing with Irish subjects and scenes from a nationalist point of view. These were collected in ‘Poems, Sketches, and Narratives illustrative of Irish Life, 1870. ​Sir Charles Gavan Duffy puts him ‘next after Carleton, Griffin, and Banim,’ and far before Lever and Lady Morgan as a painter of national manners. He also published ‘Sally Cavanagh, or the Untenanted Graves,’ a novel, 1869 (written in prison); ‘Knockagow, or the Homes of Tipperary,’ a novel, 1879; and ‘For the Old Land, a Tale of Twenty Years Ago,’ 1886. His portrait is prefixed to ‘Sally Cavanagh.’
[Times, 24 Aug. 1882; Charles Gavan Duffy's Young Ireland; Introduction to James Duffy's edition of Knockagow, Dublin, 1879; Justin H. McCarthy's Ireland since the Union.]
J. A. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Kidd, Joseph Bartholomew

​KIDD, JOSEPH BARTHOLOMEW (1808–1889), painter, born in 1808, perhaps at Edinburgh, was a pupil of the Rev. John Thomson [q. v.] of Duddingston. On the foundation of the Royal Scottish Academy in 1826 Kidd was elected one of the original associates, and became an academician in 1829. He practised painting at Edinburgh till about 1836, when he came to London, resigning his membership of the Royal Scottish Academy in 1838. He then settled as a teacher of drawing at Greenwich, where he resided until his death in May 1889, at the age of eighty-one. Kidd chiefly painted the scenery of his native country, and executed a few etchings of highland views. Some of his pictures were engraved. Not long before his death he painted a portrait of the queen for the Royal Hospital Schools, Greenwich.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Athenæum, 25 May 1889; Queen, 18 May 1889.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Kidd, Samuel

​KIDD, SAMUEL (1804–1843), missionary at Malacca and professor of Chinese at University College, London, born 22 Nov. 1804 at Welton, near Hull, was educated at the village school of that place. In 1818 he was sent to Hull, where his thoughts were directed towards a missionary career, and in 1820 he entered the London Missionary Society's training college at Gosport. In April 1824 he married Hannah, second daughter of William Irving of Hull. At the end of the same month he sailed under the auspices of the London Missionary Society to Madras, and thence to Malacca, where he arrived in the November following. He at once began the study of the Fuhkien dialect of Chinese, and under the advice and direction of the Rev. David Collie made rapid progress. In the course of 1826 he published several small tracts in Chinese, and in the year following he was appointed professor of Chinese in the Anglo-Chinese College of Malacca. From this time he took an active part in missionary labours, preaching constantly and preparing tracts for publication. In 1829 Mrs. Kidd was obliged to return to England on account of her health, and three years later attacks of epilepsy, to which he had become subject, compelled Kidd himself to adopt the same remedy. He had fully intended to return to Malacca, but the state of his health forbade him, and in 1833 he was appointed pastor of a church at Manningtree in Essex. In 1837 he was appointed professor of Chinese at University College, London, for a term of five years. It was understood at the time of his nomination that his appointment would be renewed at the end of that term, but the condition was disregarded, and it was while the matter was in debate that he died suddenly on 12 June 1843, at his residence in Camden Town. Besides a number of small Chinese tracts, Kidd was the author of ‘Critical ​Notices of Dr. Robert Morrison's Literary Labours’ in ‘Memoir of Morrison,’ 1838, ii. 1–87; an inaugural lecture at University College on the Chinese language, 1838; a catalogue of the Chinese library at the Royal Asiatic Society; and ‘China, or Illustrations of the Philosophy, Government, and Literature of the Chinese,’ London, 1841, 8vo.
[Evangelical Magazine, 1843, p. 585; Gent. Mag. 1843, pt. ii. p. 209; information kindly supplied by W. G. B. Page, esq., of Hull.]
R. K. D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Kidd, William (1803-1867)

​KIDD, WILLIAM (1803–1867), naturalist, born in 1803, was apprenticed early in life to Baldwin, Craddock, & Joy, a firm of London booksellers. He afterwards entered business on his own account, and had shops successively in Chandos and Regent Streets. While at Chandos Street he published a ‘Guide to Gravesend,’ ‘Popular Little Secrets,’ and other short essays written by himself. Between May and October 1835 he published twenty-four numbers of a weekly ‘London Journal’ dealing with natural history; from 1852 to 1854 he brought out a similar monthly periodical called ‘Kidd's Own Journal,’ which was subsequently reissued in five volumes, royal 8vo, and during 1863–4 he issued ten numbers of ‘Essays and Sketches’ on miscellaneous subjects. By that date he had sold his business, and devoted himself entirely to his favourite studies. He was always an earnest student of nature, and he possessed an astonishing gift of endearing himself to animals. In the later years of his life he resided in the New Road, Hammersmith, and set up a fine aviary, which was burnt down and never rebuilt. Kidd was an independent and eccentric thinker and talker on religious and social subjects, and delivered many lectures in various parts of the country on such subjects as ‘Genial Gossip,’ ‘Fashion and its Victims,’ ‘The Value of Little Things,’ and ‘Happiness made comparatively easy’ (Liverpool Mercury, 8 March 1856). He died at Hammersmith, 7 Jan. 1867. He was married and his wife survived him.
As a naturalist Kidd's chief works were: ‘The Canary,’ London, 1854; ‘The Aviary and its Occupants,’ two parts, 1856, and a number of small books on the goldfinch, the linnet, and other British songsters, which are still valuable. He also wrote an introduction to Westcott's ‘Autobiography of a Gossamer Spider,’ 1857, and, in conjunction with F. Buckland, several papers in ‘Birds and Bird Life,’ 1863, besides contributing papers on birds and kindred subjects to the ‘Gardeners' Chronicle’ and similar periodicals. A long series of tracts and essays which he published on very miscellaneous subjects are either weakly imitative of Leigh Hunt, or characterised only by ignorance and superficiality. The chief of these pam​phlets are: 1. ‘The Heart's Proper Element.’ 2. ‘The World and its Two Faces,’ 1854. 3. ‘Honest Thoughts for Plain and Honest People.’ 4. ‘The Strange Spirits of the Day, or a Rap for the Rappers.’ 5. ‘Friendly Appeals to the People’ (only two numbers published). 6. ‘Example, its Power for Good or Evil,’ 1855. 7. ‘The Charmed Ring.’ 8. ‘Man, viewed with Reference to his Words, his Deeds, and his Motives.’ 9. ‘Life, its Tints and its Shadows,’ 1856.
[Gent. Mag. 1867, pt. i. p. 247; Athenæum, 12 Jan. 1867; Kidd's Works.]
M. G. W.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Panke, John

​PANKE, JOHN (fl. 1608), divine, is stated by Wood to have been a 'very frequent and noted preacher of his time … well read in theology … and a very zealous enemy in his writings and preachments against the Papists.' He was educated at Oxford, but at what college is not known. Upon leaving Oxford he held the vicarage of Broadhinton, Wiltshire, and afterwards the rectory of North Tidworth, Wiltshire, both in the Salisbury diocese. His last work is dated from Salisbury, where, according to Wood, he 'had some cure.'
He was author of: 1. 'Short Admonition, by way of Dialogue, to all those who hitherto upon pretence of their unworthines have dangerously in respect of their Salvation withdrawn themselves from comming to the Lordes Table,' &c., Oxford, 1604, 8vo. 2. 'The Fal of Babel by the Confusion of Tongues, directly proving against the Papists of this and former ages; that a view of their writings and bookes being taken, it cannot be discerned by any man living what they should say, or howbe understoode, in the question of the sacrifice of the Masse, the Reall presence or Transubstantiation, &c. By John Panke,' Oxford, 1608, 4to; 1613, 4to. This is dedicated from Tidworth, 1 Nov. 1607, to the heads of colleges at Oxford. 3. 'Eclogarius, or Briefe Summe of the Truth of that Title of Supreame Governour, given to his Majestie in causes spirituall and Ecclesiasticall, &c.; not published before. By John Panke,' Oxford, 1612, 4to. 4. 'Collectanea, out of St. Gregory the Great and St. Bernard the Devout, against the Papists who adhere to the present Church of Rome, in the most fundamental Points between them and us,' Oxford, 1618, 8vo. This is dedicated 'from the Close at Sarum, 24 January 1618,' to George Churchowse, mayor of Sarum. It was reprinted at Salisbury, 1835, 8vo, under the title of 'Romanism condemned by the Church of Rome.'
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. ed. Bliss, ii. 274; Hoare's Modern Wiltshire, Hundred of Ambresbury, p. 92; Brit. Mus. Libr. Cat.]
R. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Panmure, Barons

​PANMURE, Barons. [See Maule, William Ramsay, first Baron Panmure of Brechin and Navar, Forfarshire 1771–1852; Maule, Fox, second Baron Panmure (of the United Kingdom), and eventually eleventh Earl of Dalhousie (in the peerage of Scotland), 1801–1874.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Paman, Henry

​PAMAN, HENRY, M.D. (1626–1695), physician, son of Robert Paman, was born at his father's estate of Chevington, Suffolk, in 1626. He entered as a sizar at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, on 22 June 1643, where William Sancroft [q. v.] was his tutor. They became friends for life. He migrated to St. John's College on 22 July 1646, graduated B.A. the same year, and was elected a fellow of that college. He became M.A. in 1650, and was incorporated M.A. at Oxford on 11 July 1655. On 20 June 1656 he kept an act for a medical degree before Professor Francis Glisson [q. v.], maintaining the thesis 'Morbis acutis convenit dieta tenuissima' (note in Glisson's handwriting, vol. iii. of his papers). In the same year he was senior proctor, and in 1658 he graduated M.D., being incorporated M.D. at Oxford on 13 July 1669. He was elected public orator at Cambridge on 5 March 1674, and held office till ​9 July 1681. Eight Latin letters written by him in this capacity were printed under the title 'Literae Academiae Cantabrigiensis ab Henrico Paman cum esset orator publicus scriptae' (Ward, Gresham Professors, appendix, p. xvi). They are addressed to the astronomer, John Hevel, on 12 May 1674; to James, duke of Monmouth, on 12 June 1674, and twice without date; to Charles II on 11 Sept. 1674; to Chief-justice Sir Francis North; to William, duke of Newcastle, on 7 Aug. 1676; to Sancroft, archbishop of Canterbury, on 8 Jan. 1677. In 1677 Paman went to reside in Lambeth Palace with Archbishop Sancroft. On 21 June 1679 he was appointed professor of physic at Gresham College, and on 1 Dec. 1679 he was elected F.R.S. In 1683 he was admitted a candidate at the College of Physicians, and elected a fellow on 12 April 1687. He graduated LL.D. at Cambridge in 1684, and was thereupon appointed master of the faculties by Sancroft. He resigned his professorship on 21 June 1689. When Sancroft declined the oaths to William III and left Lambeth, Paman also declined, and gave up his mastership of the faculties. He went to live in the parish of St. Paul, Covent Garden, where he died in June 1695; he was buried in the parish church. He was rich, and, after providing for his relations, left considerable sums of money and books to St. John's College, to Emmanuel College, to the College of Physicians, and to his native parish. Though he published nothing himself, he is known to every reader of medicine, because a Latin letter by him to Dr. Thomas Sydenham [q. v.] is published in Sydenham's works as a preface to the treatise 'De Luis Veneriae historià et curatione.' It praises Sydenham's method, and urges him to write on this subiect. Sydenham (ed. Pechey, 1729, p. 244) says that Paman had long been his friend, and adds, 'I always valued your friendship as a most precious thing.'
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Paniter

​PANITER. [See Panter.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Palmerston, Viscounts

​PALMERSTON, Viscounts. [See Temple, Henry, second Viscount, 1739–1802; Temple, Henry John, third Viscount, 1784–1865.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Palmes, Bryan

​PALMES, Sir BRYAN (1599–1654), royalist, born in 1599, was eldest son of Sir Guy Palmes of Ashwell, Rutland, and Lindley, Yorkshire, by Anne, daughter of Sir Edward Stafford (Foster, Yorkshire Pedigrees, vol. ii.). On 17 March 1614–15 he matriculated at Oxford from Trinity College (Foster, Alumni Oxon. 1500–1714, iii. 1111), but did not graduate. He was elected M.P. for Stamford in 1625–6, and for Aldborough, Yorkshire, in 1639–40. An intimate friend of [[Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Browne, William (1591–1645)|William Browne]] (1591–1645) [q. v.], he made a tour in France with him. Browne addressed to Palmes, who was then staying at Saumur, his humorous poem, written at Thouars, on the ‘most intolerable jangling of the Papists' bells on All Saints' Night’ (Browne, Poems, ed. Goodwin, ii. 229). At the outbreak of the civil war Palmes raised a regiment for the king (Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1640–1). He was knighted on 21 April 1642 (Metcalfe, Book of Knights, p. 198), and created D.C.L. at Oxford on 1 or 2 Nov. following. On 20 Oct. 1646 he was forced to compound for his estate for 681l. (Cal. of Comm. for Compounding, pp. 861, 1316, 1643), and on 1 Sept. 1651 was assessed at 200l., but no proceedings were taken (Cal. of Comm. for Advance of Money, iii. 1388). Palmes died at Lindley about August 1654 (Administration Act Book, P.C.C., 1653–4, vol. ii. f. 647). By his wife Mary, daughter and coheiress of Gervase Teverey of Stapleford, Nottinghamshire, who died before him, he had three sons and four daughters.
[Wood's Fasti Oxon. ed. Bliss, ii. 41; Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1640–1, pp. 492, 577; Yorkshire Archæolog. and Topograph. Journal, i. 95.]
G. G.