# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Volume X

See also the scan index; and the disclaimer.
| | Volume X G - Götz | Volume X G - Götz | |
| G – Ga | Gd – Ge | Gf – Gl | Gm – Go |
| G, the seventh letter of the alphabet. Gabelentz, Hans Conon von der, German philologist. Gabii, ancient town, Italy. Gabler, Georg Andreas, German philosopher. Gabler, Johann Philipp, German theologian. Gablonz, town, Bohemia. Gaboon, river, West Coast, Africa. Gabriel, of Scripture. Gad, Tribe of. Gad, prophet, in Scripture. Gadames, or Ghadames, town, Sahara, Africa. Gadara, ancient town, Syria. Gaddi, family of Italian painters. Gadiatch, town, Russia. Gadwall, bird. Gaelic Language, Gaelic Literature. Gaeta, town, Italy. Gætulia, ancient district, Africa. Gage, Thomas, English governor of Massachusetts. Gagern, Hans Christoph Ernst, Baron von, German statesman. Gaillac, town, France. Gaillard, Gabriel Henri, French historian. Gainsborough, town, England. Gainsborough, Thomas, English painter. Gaissin, town, Russia. Gaius, Roman jurist. Galabat, town, Upper Egypt. Galangal, aromatic drug. Galapagos Islands, Pacific Ocean. Galashiels, town, Scotland. Galatia, division, Asia Minor. Galatians, Epistle to the. Galatina, town, Italy. Galatz, town, Roumania. Galba, Servius Sulpicius, Roman emperor. Galbanum, gum-resin. Gale, Theophilus, English theologian. Gale, Thomas, English scholar. Galen, Christoph Bernhard van, prince-bishop of Münster. Galen, Claudius, ancient medical writer. Galena, town, Illinois, U.S.A. Galesburg, town, Illinois, U.S.A. Galiani, Ferdinando, Italian political economist. Galicia, province, Austria. Galicia, province, Spain. Galilee, province, Palestine. Galilee, Sea of, Palestine. Galileo (Galileo Galilei), Italian man of science. Galitch, or Halicz, town, Russia. Gall, Franz Joseph, Swiss anatomist and phrenologist. Galland, Antoine, French Orientalist. Gallarate, town, Italy. Gallas, or Galla, African race. Gallatin, Albert, American politician. Galle, Point de, town, Ceylon. Gallic Acid. Gallienus, P. Licinius, Roman emperor. Gallinula (Moorhen, q.v.), genus of birds. Gallio, Junius Annæus, Roman proconsul of Achaia. Gallipoli, town, Turkey. Gallipoli, town, Italy. Gallium, chemical element. Galloway, Thomas, Scottish mathematician. Galls, Animal and vegetable. Galluppi, Pasquale, Italian philosopher. Gallus, C. Cornelius, Roman poet and orator. Galt, John, Scottish novelist. Galois, Évariste, French mathematician. Galuppi, Baldassare, Italian composer. Galvani, Luigi, Italian physiologist. Galvanism (See Electricity and Physiology). Galvanometer, for measuring electric currents. Galveston, town, Texas, U.S.A. Galway, county, Ireland. Gama, Vasco da, Portuguese navigator. Gamaliel, Jewish rabbis. Gambia, colony and river, West Africa. Gambier (See Catechu). Gambier, Lord, English admiral. Gamboge, gum-resin. Game Laws. Games, Ancient. Games, Modern, their legal aspects. Gandersheim, town and abbey, Germany. Gandia, town, Spain. Gando, kingdom, Soudan, Africa. Ganganelli, Giovanni V. A. (Pope Clement XIV., q.v.). Ganges, river, India. Gangi, town, Italy. Gangotri, place of pilgrimage, India. Gangpur, state, India. Gangrene (Mortification, q.v.), disease. Ganilh, Charles, French political economist. Ganjam, district, India. Gannal, Jean Nicolas, French chemist. Gannat, town, France. Gannet, or Solan Goose, bird. Gans, Edward, German jurist. Gänsbacher, Johann Baptist, Tyrolese musical composer. Ganymede, in Greek mythology. Gap, town, France. Garat, Dominique Joseph, French writer. Garat, Pierre-Jean, French composer and singer. Garay, Janos, Hungarian poet and historian. Garbo, Raffaelino del, Italian painter. Garçao, Pedro Antonio Correa, Portuguese poet. Garcia, Manoel, Spanish composer and singer. Garcilaso de la Vega, Spanish soldier and poet. Garcilaso Inca de la Vega, Spanish historian. Gard, department, France. Garda, Lake of, Italy. Gardaia, town, North Africa. Gardelegen, or Gardeleben, town, Prussia. Gardening (Horticulture, q.v.), Science and practice of. Gardiner, town, Maine, U.S.A. Gardiner, Colonel James, Scottish soldier. Gardiner, Stephen, bishop of Winchester, lord chanceller. Gare-Fowl, Gar-Fowl, or Great Auk. Garessio, Garesso, or Garezzo, town, Italy. Gar-Fish. Garganey, or Summer Teal, bird. Garhwal, district, India. Garlic, plant. Garnet, precious stone. Garnier, Germain, French political economist. Garnier, Marie Joseph François, French officer and explorer. Garofalo, Il (Benvenuto Tisio, q.v.), Italian painter. Garonne, river, France. Garonne, Haute, department, France. Garrick, David, English actor. Garrison, William Lloyd, American abolitionist. Garter, Order of the (See Knighthood). Garth, Sir Samuel, English poet. Gas, or Coal Gas, for lighting. Sources of Gas. Manufacture of Coal-Gas. Storing and Distribution. Gas from Sources other than Coal. The Future of Coal-Gas. Gascoigne, George, English poet. Gascoigne, Sir William, English chief justice. Gascony, province, France. Gaskell, Mrs, English novelist. Gassendi, Pierre, French philosopher. Gastein, valley, Salzburg, Austria. Gataker, Thomas, English divine. Gatchina, town, Russia. Gates, Horatio, American general. Gateshead, town, England. Gath, town of the Philistines. Gatty, Mrs Alfred (Aunt Judy), English tale-writer. Gauden, John, bishop of Exeter. Gaudichaud-Beaupré, Charles, French botanist. Gauermann, Friedrich, Austrian painter. Gauge, for comparative measurement. Gauhati, town, Assam, India. Gaul, ancient country from Rhine to Pyrenees. Gaunt, John of, duke of Lancaster (q.v.). Gaur, or Gour, mediæval town, Bengal, India. Gauss, Carl Friedrich, German mathematician. Gaussen, F. S. R. Louis, Swiss theologian. Gautier, Théophile, French writer. Gauze, woven fabric. Gavarni (S. G. Chevalier), French caricaturist. Gavelkind, system of land tenure, England. Gavial, Indian crocodile (q.v.). Gay, John, English poet. Gay, Marie Françoise, French authoress. Gaya, district and town, India. Gay-Lussac, Joseph Louis, French physicist and chemist. Gaza, town of the Philistines, Palestine. Gaza, Theodorus, Greek scholar. Gazelle, antelope (q.v.). Gazette, London, official newspaper. | Geber (Abu Musa Dschabir), early chemist. Gebweiler, town, Alsace, Germany. Geckos, Geckotidæ, family of lizards. Ged, William, printer. Geddes, Alexander, Scottish Biblical critic. Geelong, town, Victoria, Australia. Geestemünde, town, Germany. Gefle, town, Sweden. Geiger, Abraham, Jewish scholar and theologian. Geijer, Erik Gustaf, Swedish historian. Geikie, Walter, Scotch subject-painter. Geiler, or Geyler, Johann, of Kaiserberg, German preacher. Geissler, Heinrich, German physicist. Gela (Terranova), ancient town, Sicily. Gelasius, popes. Gelatin. Industrial Relations of Gelatin. Gelderland, or Guelderland (q.v.), ancient duchy, Germany. Geldern, or Guelders (q.v.), town, Rhenish Prussia. Gelée, Claude (Claude of Lorraine, q.v.), French painter. Gell, Sir William, English scholar and antiquary. Gellert, Christian Fürchtegott, German writer. Gellius, Aulus, author of the Noctes Atticæ. Gelon, tyrant of Syracuse. Gelsemium, plant and drug. Geminiani, Francesco, Italian violinist. Gemistus, or Pletho, Georgius, Byzantine scholar. Gems, Engraved. Gemsbok, antelope. Gendarmerie, French police. Genealogy. Genelli, Giovanni Buonaventura, German artist. Generation, in biology. Genesis, Book of (See Pentateuch). Genet, or Genette, carnivorous mammal. Geneva, canton & town, Switzerland. Geneva, Lake of, Switzerland. Geneva, town, New York, U.S.A. Geneva Convention, of 1864 and 1868. Geneviève, St, patroness of Paris. Genga, Girolamo, Italian painter and architect. Gengis Khan (Jenghiz Khan, q.v.). Genlis, Comtesse de, French authoress. Gennadius, Byzantine patriarch and scholar. Genoa, town, Italy. Genova, Luchetto da, Italian painter. Genovesi, Antonio, Italian philosopher and economist. Genseric, or Gaiseric, king of the Vandals. Gentian, plant. Gentileschi, Artemesia and Orazio de, Italian painters. Gentili, Alberico, Italian jurist. Gentilly, town, France. Gentz, Friedrich von, German writer and statesman. Geodesy. Geoffrey of Monmouth, English chronicler. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Étienne, French naturalist. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Isidore, French zoologist. Geography. View of the Progress of Geographical Discovery. Mathematical Geography. Physical Geography. Geology. Cosmical Aspects of Geology. Geognosy. Dynamical Geology. Structural Geology. Palæontological Geology. Stratigraphical Geology. Physiographical Geology. Index. Geometry. Pure Geometry. Analytical Geometry. George I., king of Great Britain and Ireland. George II. George III. George IV. George of Cappodocia, Arian archbishop of Alexandria. George, St, patron saint of England. George of Pisidia, Byzantine writer. George of Trebizond, Aristotelian writer. Georgetown, town, District of Columbia, U.S.A. Georgetown, town, British Guiana. Georgia, country of Transcaucasia, Russia. Georgia, State, U.S.A. Georgswalde, town, Bohemia. Gera, town, Germany. Gerace, or Gieraci, town, Italy. Geranium, plant. Gerard of Cremona, Italian writer. Gerard, founder of Knights Hospitallers. Gérard, Étienne Maurice, Count, French general. Gérard, François, Baron, French painter. Gérard, Jean Ignace Isidore, French caricaturist. Gerard, John, English herbalist and surgeon. Gérard de Nerval, French writer. Gerasa (Gerash), ancient town, Palestine. Gerba, or Jerba, island, North Africa. Gerber, Ernst Ludwig, German musician. Gerberon, Gabriel, Jansenist monk. Gerbert (Pope Silvester II., q.v.). Gerbert, Martin, German writer on music. Gerhard, Friedrich Wilhelm Eduard, German archæologist. Gerhard, Johann, Lutheran theologian. Gerhardt, Charles Frédéric, French chemist. Gerhardt, Paul, German hymn-writer. Géricault, Jean Louis, French painter. Gerizim, Mount, Palestine. German Catholics. Germanicus, Cæsar, Roman general. German Silver, or Nickel Silver. Germany. Geography and Statistics. History of Germany. Language. Literature. Index. Germersheim, town, Rhenish Bavaria. Gerona, town, Spain. Gerrha, ancient town, Arabia Felix. Gers. Gerson, John Charlier de, French ecclesiastic and scholar. Gersonides, or Ben Gerson, Levi, Jewish philosopher and commentator. Gerstäcker, Friedrich, German writer and traveller. Gervais, Paul, French palæontologist and naturalist. Gervaise of Canterbury, chronicler. Gervase, or Gervaise, of Tilbury, English Latin writer. Gervinus, Georg Gottfried, German historian. Gesenius, Friedrich Heinrich Wilhelm, German Orientalist. Gesner, Johann Matthias, German scholar. Gesner, or Gessner, Konrad, Swiss naturalist. Gessner, Salomon, Swiss painter and poet. Gesta Romanorum, collection of Latin tales. Geta, Publius Septimus Antonius, son of the emperor Severus. Gethsemane (See Jerusalem). Geulincx, Arnold, Flemish philosopher. Gex, town, France. Geysers, volcanic fountains. Gezer, ruined town, Palestine. | Gfrörer, August Friedrich, German historian. Ghats, or Ghauts, mountains, India. Ghaziabad, town, Meerut, India. Ghazipur, district and town, India. Ghazni, town, Afghanistan. Ghee, Indian butter. Gheel, or Geel, town, Belgium. Ghent, town, Belgium. Ghent, Jodocus, or Justus, of, Flemish painter. Gherardesca, Ugolino della, Italian count. Gheriah, or Viziadrug, town and fortress, India. Ghibellines, Italian party (See Guelphs). Ghiberti, Lorenzo, Italian sculptor. Ghilan, or Gilan, province, Persia. Ghirlandajo, Domenico del, Italian painter. Ghirlandajo, Ridolfo, Italian painter. Ghizni, or Ghazni (q.v.), town, Afghanistan. Ghoorkas, or Goorkhas, Nepalese race (See Nepal). Ghur, or Ghor, territory, Afghanistan. Giambelli, or Gianibelli, Federigo, Italian military engineer. Giannone, Pietro, Italian historian. Giant. Giant’s Causeway, Ireland. Giarre, town, Sicily. Giaveno, town, Sicily. Gib, Adam, Scottish divine. Gibbon, ape (q.v.). Gibbon, Edward, English historian. Gibbons, Grisling, English wood-carver and decorator. Gibbons, Orlando, English musical composer. Gibeon, town, Palestine. Gibraltar, town and fortress, Spain. Gibson, Edmund, bishop of London. Gibson, John, English sculptor. Gichtel, Johann Georg, German mystic. Gideon, of Scripture. Gien, town, France. Gieseler, Johann Karl Ludwig, German church historian. Giessen, town, Germany. Gifford, William, English writer. Gift, in law. Gijon, town, Spain. Gilbart, John William, English writer on banking. Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, English navigator. Gilbert, Nicolas Joseph Laurent, French poet. Gilbert, William, English scientist. Gilbert de la Porrée, French philosopher. Gilbert, St, of Sempringham, English monk. Gilbert Islands, Pacific Ocean (See Polynesia). Gildas, early British historian. Gilding. Gilead, of Scripture. Giles, St. Gilfillan, George, Scottish man of letters. Gilgal, of Scripture. Gilgit, district, India. Gill, John, English Rabbinical scholar. Gillespie, George, Scottish divine. Gillespie, Thomas, founder of Scottish Relief Church. Gillies, John, Scottish historian. Gillray, James, English caricaturist. Gillyflower, plant. Gilpin, Bernard, English clergyman. Gilpin, William, English writer. Gil Vincente (Vicinte, Gil, q.v.). Gin, spiritous liquor. Ginckell, Godart van, earl of Athlone. Ginger, plant and spice. Gingham, textile fabric. Ginguené, Pierre Louis, French writer. Ginseng, plant and drug. Gioberti, Vincenzo, Italian philosophical writer. Gioja, Melchior, Italian philosophical writer. Giordano, Luca, Italian painter. Giorgione, Italian painter. Giottino, Italian painter. Giotto, Italian painter. Giovinazzo, town, Italy. Giovio, Paul (Jovius, q.v.), Italian historian. Gipsies. Giraffe, ungulate animal. Giraldi, Giglio Gregorio, Italian scholar. Giraldi, Giovanni Battista, Italian novelist. Giraldus Cambrensis (Barri, q.v.), historian and ecclesiastic. Girard, Philippe Henri de, French mechanician. Girard, Stephen, American philanthropist. Girardin, Madame Émile de, French authoress. Girardin, Saint-Marc, French politician and critic. Girardon, François, French sculptor. Girdle, article of dress. Girgeh, or Jirjeh, town Upper Egypt. Girgenti, town, Sicily. Girodet de Roussy, Anne Louis, French painter. Gironde, department, France. Girondists, French Revolutionary party (See France). Girvan, town, Scotland. Gisors, town, France. Gitschin, town, Bohemia. Giulio Romano (Pippi, q.v.). Giunta Pisano, Italian painter. Giurgevo, town, Roumania. Giusti, Giuseppe, Italian satirist. Giustiniani, prominent Italian family. Givet, town, France. Givors, town, France. Glacier, Glaciers, mountain ice. Gladbach, or Bergisch-Gladbach, town, Prussia. Gladbach, or Mönchen-Gladbach, town, Prussia. Gladiators, of the Roman arena. Gladiolus, garden plant. Glamorgan, county, Wales. Glanders, or Equinia, disease. Glanvil, or Glanvill, Ranulph de, early English jurist. Glanvill, Joseph, English philosophical writer. Glarus, or Glaris, canton, Switzerland. Glas, John, founder of Glassite sect. Glaser, Christopher, Swiss chemist. Glasgow, town, Scotland. Glass. History. The Manufacture of Glass. Glass Painting. Glassius, Solomon, German Biblical critic. Glastonbury, town and abbey, England. Glatz, town, Prussia. Glauber, Johann Rudolph, German chemist and alchemist. Glauber’s Salt, mineral and drug. Glauchau, town, Saxony. Glaucus, in Greek mythology. Glebe, in ecclesiastical law. Glee, in music. Gleig, George, bishop of Brechin. Gleim, Johann Wilhelm Ludwig, German poet. Gleiwitz, town, Prussia. Glendower, or Glyndwr, Owen, Welsh prince. Gleyre, Marc Charles Gabriel, French painter. Glinka, Fedor Nikolaevich, Russian poet. Glinka, Michael Ivanovich, Russian composer. Glinka, Sergy Nikolaevich, Russian writer. Globe, Geographical. Globe-Fish. Globigerina, genus of Foraminifera (q.v.). Glogau, town, Prussia. Gloss. Glossop, town, England. Gloucester, county & town, England. Gloucester, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Gloucester, Robert of (Robert of Gloucester, q.v.), English chronicler. Glove. Glover, Richard, English writer. Glow-Worm, beetle (See Coleoptera). Glucinum, chemical element. Gluck, Christopher Willibald, German musical composer. Glückstadt, town, Prussia. Glucose, in chemistry. Glue, form of gelatin (q.v.). Glukhoff, or Gluchow, town, Russia. Gluten, or Glutin, albuminous substance. Glutton, or Wolverene, carniverous mammal. Glycas, Michael, Byzantine historian. Glycerin, or Glycerine, in chemistry. | Gmelin, Johann Georg, German naturalist. Gmelin, Leopold, German chemist. Gmelin, Samuel Gottlieb, German naturalist. Gmünd, town, Germany. Gnat, insect. Gnesen, town, Prussia. Gnosticism. Gnu, antelope. Goa, Portuguese settlement, India. Goa Powder, drug. Goalpara, district and town, Assam, India. Goat, ungulate mammal. Goatsucker, bird. Gobelin, French family of dyers. Gobi, desert, Central Asia. Goby, fish. God, Doctrine of (See Theism). Godalming, town, England. Godavari, river. Godavari, district, India. Godefroy, or Gothofred (q.v.), French family. Godfrey of Bouillon, crusader (See Bouillon). Godolphin, Earl of, English statesman. Godoy, Manuel de, duke of Alcudia (q.v.), Spanish minister. Godwin, Francis, English writer. Godwin, Mary Wollstonecraft, English writer. Godwin, William, English writer. Godwine, earl of the West-Saxons. Godwit, bird. Goes, or Ter Goes, town, Holland. Goes, Hugo van der, Flemish painter. Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, German poet and dramatist. Goetz, Hermann, German musical composer. Gog, of Scripture. Gogo, or Ghogha, town, India. Gogol, Nikolai Vasilievich, Russian writer. Goito, town, Italy. Goitre, disease. Golconda, town, India. Gold, precious metal. Goldbeating. Gold and Silver Lace. Goldast, Melchior Haiminsfeld, German historian. Goldberg, town, Prussia. Gold Coast, West Africa. Golden Bull. Golden-Eye, bird. Golden Fleece, of Greek legend (See Golden Fleece). Golden Legend, of Voragine (q.v.). Golden Rose, papal gift. Goldfinch, bird. Goldfish. Gold Hill, town, Nevada, U.S.A. Goldingen, or Kuldiga, town, Russia. Goldoni, Carlo, Italian dramatist. Goldschmidt, Hermann, German painter and astronomer. Goldsmith, Oliver, English writer. Goldstücker, Theodor, German Orientalist. Golf, game. Golgotha (See Jerusalem). Golius, Jacobus, Dutch Orientalist. Gollnow, town, Prussia. Gölnitz, or Golniczbanya, town, Hungary. Golovnin, Vasily Mikhailovich, Russian admiral. Goltz, Bogumil, German satirist. Goltzius, Hendrik, Dutch painter and engraver. Gomarus, or Gomar, Francis, Dutch theologian. Gombroon (Bender-Abbasi, q.v.), town, Persia. Gomer, of Scripture. Gonda, district, India. Gondar, or Guendar, town, Abyssinia. Gondokoro (Ismailia, q.v.), town, Upper Egypt. Gondwana, country, Central India. Gong, sound-producing instrument. Góngora y Argote, Luis de, Spanish poet. Goniometer, for measuring angles of crystals. Gonsalvo (Gonzalo, q.v.), Spanish general. Gonzaga, Italian princely family. Gonzaga, Thomaz Antonio, Portuguese poet. Gonzalo de Berceo, Spanish mystic and poet. Gonzalo Fernandez y Aguilar, (Gonsalvo de Cordova), Spanish general. Good, John Mason, English writer. Good Friday. Goodrich, Samuel Griswold (Peter Parley), American writer. Goodsir, John, Scottish anatomist. Goodwin, Thomas, English Puritan divine. Goojrat (Gujarat, q.v.), district, India. Goole, town, England. Goosander (Merganser, q.v.), bird. Goose, bird. Gooseberry, fruit. Gopher, land-tortoise. Göppingen, town, Würtemberg. Gorakhpur, district and town, India. Goramy, or Gouramy, fish. Gorcum, town, Holland. Gordianus, three Roman emperors. Gordium, ancient town, Phrygia. Gordon, Alexander, Scottish antiquary. Gordon, Lord George. Gordon, Sir John Watson, Scottish painter. Gordon, Patrick, Russian general. Gore, Catherine Grace, English novelist. Goree, island and town, West Africa. Gorgias of Leontini, Sicilian rhetorician and sophist. Gorgon, in Greek mythology. Gori, town, Georgia, Russia. Gorilla, ape (q.v.). Göritz (Görz, q.v.), town, Austria. Görlitz, town, Prussia. Görres, Joseph Johann, German political writer. Gortschakoff, or Gorchakov, Russian family of generals. Gortyna, or Gortyn, ancient town, Crete. Görz, or Gradisca, crown land & town, Austria. Gos-Hawk, bird. Goshen, district of ancient Egypt. Goslar, town, Prussia. Goslicki, Wawrzyniec (Grimalius Goslicius), Polish scholar. Gospels, The. Synoptical Gospels. The Fourth Gospel. Gosport, town, England. Gossart, Jan, Flemish painter. Gosselies, town, Belgium. Gotha, town, Germany. Gothenburg, county & town, Sweden. Gothic Language (See Goths). Gothofred, or Godefroy, noble French family. Goths. Gothic Language. Gottfried of Strasburg, German poet. Göttingen, town, Prussia. Gottschalk, German theologian. Gottsched, Johann Christoph, German writer and critic. Götz, Johann Nikolaus, German poet. |