OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Townshend, Hayward

​TOWNSHEND, HAYWARD (fl. 1602), author of ‘Historical Collections,’ was son and heir of Sir Henry Townshend, knight, of Cound, Shropshire, second justice of Chester, one of the council of the marches of Wales, and M.P. for Ludlow, 1614, by his first wife Susan, daughter of Sir Rowland Hayward, knight, of London. He was born in 1577, entered St. Mary Hall, Oxford, as a gentleman-commoner in 1590, and graduated B.A. on 22 Feb. 1594–5, and became a barrister-at-law of Lincoln's Inn in 1601. On 16 Oct. 1597, and again on 3 Oct. 1601, he was elected member of parliament for Bishops Castle, his colleague in the earlier parliament being Sir Edmund Baynham, one of the gunpowder plot conspirators. He was the youngest member of the House of Commons. In 1601 he made a motion to restrain the number of common solicitors, and to prevent perjury, also in committee to abolish monopolies. Sir Francis Bacon referred to one of his speeches as ‘the wise and discreet speech made by the young gentleman, even the youngest in this assembly.’ He died without issue before 1623.
Townshend's fame rests upon his parliamentary report, published posthumously in 1680, entitled ‘Historical Collections; or, An exact Account of the Proceedings of the Four last Parliaments of Q. Elizabeth of Famous Memory. Wherein is contained The Compleat Journals both of the Lords and Commons, Taken from the Original Records of their Houses, &c., Faithfully and Labori- ​ously Collected By Heywood Townshend, esq., a Member in those Parliaments.’ This book contains a journal of the proceedings of parliament from 4 Feb. 1588 to 19 Dec. 1601. Part of the original is in Rawl. MS. A 100 (in Bodleian Library), and a seventeenth century transcript is in Stowe MSS. 362–3 (at the British Museum).
W. G. D. F.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1927 supplement/Fortescue, George Knottesford

​FORTESCUE, GEORGE KNOTTESFORD (1847–1912), librarian, the fourth son of Edward Bowes Knottesford Fortescue, provost of St. Ninian’s Cathedral, Perth, by his wife, Frances Anne, daughter of William Spooner, archdeacon of Coventry and rector of Elmdon, Warwickshire, was born at Alveston Manor, Warwickshire, 30 October 1847. After a short stay at St. Mary’s College, Harlow, an anglo-catholic school where his high spirits brought him into trouble, he went to sea in the merchant service and then in the royal navy. In 1870 he entered the department of printed books in the British Museum, on the nomination of Archbishop Tait, his mother's brother-in-law. Though not a student he had great abilities and a sailor’s quickness and versatility. He thus soon made his mark and became an expert on the French Revolution, from cataloguing the Museum collection of its pamphlets. In December 1884 he succeeded Richard Garnett [q. v.] as superintendent of the reading-room, and promptly began, mainly in his private time, to compile a subject-index of the modern books acquired since the titles of accessions were first printed (instead of transcribed) in 1880. He grasped at once the doctrine, which he continually preached, that headings must be chosen to fit books, not books classified under headings previously selected to cover the whole of human knowledge. His Subject-Index to the acquisitions of 1880–1885, published by the trustees in 1886, met the wants of readers, and its continuation in successive volumes to 1910 was his main achievement. It left him little energy for literary work, but he wrote the lives of eight of his ancestors for this Dictionary, besides a few articles and papers. In May 1899 he became keeper of printed books, and held this office (despite much ill-health) till his death on 26 October 1912, four days before he was due to retire. In 1908 he had edited a catalogue of the books and newspapers relating to the Civil War and the Commonwealth, collected by George Thomason [q.v.] and given to the Museum by George III, and became almost as much interested in these as in the French Revolution pamphlets. He was president of the Library Association (1901) and of the Bibliographical Society (1909-1910). In 1906 he received an honorary LL.D. from the university of Aberdeen. He married: first, in 1875 Ida, daughter of the Rev. William Blatch, incumbent of St. John’s (episcopal) church, Perth; and secondly, in 1899 Beatrice, widow of H. Webster Jones, M.D. He had no children.
[Henry Jenner, George Knottesford Fortescue: A Memory, reprinted from The Library, 1918; personal knowledge.]
A. W. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1901 supplement/Edinburgh, Duke of

​EDINBURGH, Duke of. [See Alfred Ernest Albert, 1844–1900.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1901 supplement/Ellice, Charles Hay

​ELLICE, Sir CHARLES HAY (1823–1888), general, born at Florence on 10 May 1823, was second son of General Robert Ellice, the brother of the Right Hon. Edward Ellice [q. v.], secretary at war, by Eliza Courtenay. Having passed through Sand- ​hurst, he was commissioned as ensign and lieutenant in the Coldstream guards on 10 May 1839. He served in Canada in 1840-2, and became lieutenant and captain on 8 Aug. 1845. He exchanged to the 82nd foot on 20 March 1846, and to the 24th foot, of which his father was colonel, on 3 April. He went with that regiment to India in May, but was aide-de-camp to his father (commanding the troops in Malta) from 17 March 1848 to 3 March 1849, and so missed the second Sikh war. He was promoted major on 21 Dec. 1849, and lieutenant-colonel on 8 Aug. 1851. On 28 Nov. 1854 he became colonel in the army.
The 24th was at Peshawar when the Indian Mutiny broke out. On 4 July 1857 Ellice was sent to Jehlam with three companies of it, some native cavalry, and three guns, to disarm the 14th Bengal native infantry and other troops. He arrived there on the 7th, and finding they had already mutinied, he attacked and routed them, though they numbered about a thousand men. He was dangerously wounded in the neck, right shoulder, and leg. He was mentioned in despatches, received the medal, and was made C.B. on 1 Jan. 1858.
On 3 June 1858 he was given the command of the second battalion of the 24th, which he raised. He went with it to Mauritius in March 1860, bnt exchanged to half-pay on 8 July 1862. On 25 May 1863 he was appointed to a brigade in the Dublin district; on 8 March 1864 he was transferred to Dover; and from 1 Sept. 1867 to 30 June 1868 he commanded the south-eastern district. He was promoted major-general on 23 March 1865, lieutenant-general on 28 Sept. 1873, and general on 1 Oct. 1877. He was quartermaster-general at headquarters from 1 April 1871 to 30 March 1876, and adjutant-general from 1 Nov. 1876 to 31 March 1882. In the latter capacity he carried on a correspondence in 1877-8 with the governors of Wellington College, in which he represented the view of many officers of the army that the college was being diverted from its original purpose. The correspondence was published, and a commission of inquiry followed. Ellice was made K.C.B. on 24 May 1873, and G.C.B. on 15 April 1882. The colonelcy of the first battalion of the Berkshire regiment was given to him on 7 Sept. 1874, and he was transferred to the South Wales Borderers (formerly 24th) on 6 April 1884.
He died at Brook House, Horringer, Bury St. Edmunds, on 12 Nov. 1888. In 1862 he married Louisa, daughter of William Henry Lambton, brother of the first Earl of Durham. He left one daughter, Eliza (d. 1899), married to Henry Bouverie William Brand, first Viscount Hampden [q. v. Suppl.]
[Times, 13 Nov. 1888; Burke's Landed Gentry; Records of the 2lth Regiment, 1892.]
E. M. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1901 supplement/Jerrard, George Birch

​JERRARD, GEORGE BIRCH (d. 1863), mathematician, was the son of Major-general Joseph Jerrard (d. 23 Nov. 1858). He studied at Trinity College, Dublin, and graduated B.A. in 1827. He is chiefly known for his work in connection with the theory of equations. Between 1832 and 1835 he published his 'Mathematical Researches' (Bristol, 8vo), in which he made important contributions towards the solution of the general quintic equation. In 1858 he published a further treatise on the subject, entitled 'An Essay on the Resolution of Equations' (London, 8vo). The theory of equations has since undergone great development, Arthur Cayley [q. v. Suppl.] and Sir James Cockle [q. v. Suppl.] being among those who have devoted attention to it.
Jerrard died on 23 Nov. 1863 at Long Stratton rectory in Norfolk, the residence of his brother, Frederick William Hill Jerrard (d. 18 Feb. 1884).
[Boase's Modern English Biogr.; Gent. Mag 1859 i. 102, 1864 i. 130; Encyclopædia Britannica, 9th edit. viii. 509.]
E. I. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1901 supplement/Kay, Edward Ebenezer

​KAY, Sir EDWARD EBENEZER (1822–1897), judge, fourth son of Robert Kay of Brookshaw, Bury, Lancashire, by Hannah, daughter of James Phillips of Birmingham [cf. Kay-Shuttleworth, Sir James; and Kay, Joseph, was born on 2 July 1822. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1844, and proceeded M.A. in 1847. He was admitted on 22 April 1844 student at Lincoln's Inn, where he was called to the bar on 8 June 1847, and elected bencher on 11 Jan. 1867, and treasurer in 1888. Like Lord Blackburn and some other eminent judges, it was in the capacity of a reporter that Kay learned his law (see infra), and it was but slowly that by dint rather of industry and perseverance than brilliance he acquired one of the largest practices ever possessed by a stuff-gownsman. He took silk in 1866, and after enjoying a prolonged lead in Vice-chancellor Bacon's court, confined his practice to the House of Lords and privy council (1878). On the retirement of Vice-chancellor Malins in 1881, Kay was appointed (30 March) justice of the high court (chancery division) and knighted (2 May). He proved a strong judge, a sworn foe to lucrative abuses and dilatory proceedings, and as competent on circuit as in chambers. On 10 Nov. 1890 he succeeded Sir Henry Cotton [q.v. Suppl.] as lord-justice of appeal. His tenure of this office was abridged by a painful disorder which, after frequently laying him aside, compelled his retirement at the commencement of Hilary term 1897 not, however, before he had given proof of unusual independence of mind.
He died at his town house, 37 Hyde Park Gardens, on 16 March 1897. His remains were interred (23 March) in the churchyard at Brockdish, near Scole, Norfolk, in which parish his seat, Thorpe Abbotts, was situate. He married, on 2 April 1850, Mary Valence (d. 1889), youngest daughter of Dr. William French, master (1820-49) of Jesus College, Cambridge, by whom he left issue two daughters. In her memory Kay founded several divinity scholarships at Jesus College.
Kay was author of 'Reports of Cases adjudged in the High Court of Chancery before Sir William Page Wood, Knight, Vice-chancellor, 1853-4,' London, 1854, 8vo, continued in conjunction with Henry P. Vaughan Johnson to the close of the year 1858; in all 5 volumes, 8vo.
[Grad. Cant.; Foster's Men at the Bar; Lincoln's Inn Adm. Reg.; Law List, 1848, 1867, 1868; Times, 17 March 1897; Law Journ. 20 and 27 March 1897; Ann. Reg. 1897, ii. 145; Vanity Fair, 28 Aug. 1886, 7 Jan. 1888; Whitehall Rev. 27 March 1897; Men and Women of the Time, 1895; Burke's Peerage, 1896; Law Reports, Appeal Cases, 1891, Memoranda.]
J. M. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1901 supplement/Jones, Lewis Tobias

​JONES, LEWIS TOBIAS (1797–1895), admiral, second son of L. T. Jones, captain in the royal artillery and author of a history of the campaign in Holland in 1793–4–5, was born on 24 Dec. 1797. He entered the navy in January 1808 on board the Thrasher brig, attached to the Walcheren expedition in 1809, but whether Jones was actually serving in her at the time is doubtful. In 1812 he was in the Stirling Castle off Brest, in 1816 was in the Granicus at Algiers, where he was wounded, and served continuously in the Channel, and on the Cape of Good Hope or West Indian stations till he was made lieutenant on 29 Aug. 1822. He was afterwards on the North American, the West Indies, home, and Mediterranean stations. On 28 June 1838 he was promoted to be commander (second captain) of the Princess Charlotte, flagship of Sir Robert Stopford [q. v.], and was in her during the operations on the coast of Syria in the summer and autumn of 1840, for which service he was promoted to be captain by commission dated 4 Nov., the day following the reduction of Acre. In 1847 he was flag-captain to Commodore Sir Charles Hotham [q. v.] in the Penelope, on the west coast of Africa, where in February 1849 he commanded the boats of the squadron at the destruction of the slave barracoons in the Gallinas river. The Penelope was paid off in the summer of 1849, and early in 1850 Jones was appointed to the Sampson, again for the west coast, under the orders of Commodore Bruce. On 26–7 Dec. 1851 he commanded the expedition detached against the great slaving stronghold at Lagos, which was destroyed and the place made dependent on the English government. Bruce highly commended Jones's 'gallantry, firmness, judgment, and energy,' and sent him home with despatches. Still in the Sampson, he then went to the Mediterranean, and on 22 April 1854 was senior officer at the bombardment of Odessa. On 26 May he was nominated a C.B. He continued actively employed in ​the Black Sea, and in November was moved into the 90-gun ship London, in which he continued till the end of the war. For his services at this time he received the cross of an officer of the legion of honour and the Medjidie of the third class. On 17 June 1859 he was promoted to be rear-admiral, and in the following year was second in command on the China station, under Sir James Hope (1808–1881) [q. v.] On 28 June 1861 he was made a K.C.B. From 1862 to 1865 he was commander-in-chief at Queenstown, and became a vice-admiral on 2 Dec. 1865. On 1 April 1870, under Childers's scheme of retirement for age, he was put on the retired list, on which he became an admiral on 14 July 1871. On 24 May 1873 he was made a G.C.B.; and on 25 March 1884 visitor and governor of Greenwich Hospital, a nominal and honorary appointment. He died at Southsea, after two days' indisposition without pain, on 11 Oct. 1895, within a few weeks of completing his ninety-eighth year.
[O'Byrne's Naval Biogr. Dict.; Times, 14, 17 Oct. 1895; Navy Lists.]
J. K. L.
# Dispensary Committees (Ireland) Act 1896

* related portals: Parliament of the United Kingdom.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
Layout 2 From the The Public General Statutes (1986),
CHAPTER 10.
An Act to amend the Law relating to the Appointment of Members of Dispensary Committees in Ireland.
[2nd July 1896.]
BE it enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows :
Local Government Board to fix qualification.1. From and after the passing of this Act the Local Government Board for Ireland shall have power to fix the rating qualification of members of dispensary committees in Ireland.
Repeal of part of 14 & 15 Vict. c. 68. s. 7.2. Section seven of the Poor Relief (Ireland) Act, 1851, is hereby repealed in so far as it relates to the rating qualification of members of dispensary committees.
Short title.3. This Act may be cited as the Dispensary Committees (Ireland) Act, 1896.
# Dissertation on First-principles of Government

Layout 2
DISSERTATION
ON
FIRST-PRINCIPLES
OF
GOVERNMENT;
By THOMAS PAINE,
author of common sense; rights of man; age of reason, &c.
paris,
printed at the english press, rue de vaugirard, N$^o$. 970.
third year of the french republic.
* Dissertation on First-principles of Government
* Speech of Thomas Paine, as delivered in the Convention, July 7, 1795. wherein he alludes to the preceding Work
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dictionary of the Swatow dialect/pha
### pha

* 抛pha666644
* To throw out; to cast off.

#### pha măng lîah hṳ̂;

    cast out a net to catch fish.

#### pha teng;

    to cast anchor.

#### sai pha kîu;

    lions playing with a ball.

#### khîeh măng lâi pha ang-chun;

    take a net and catch quails.
* 脬pha6661307
* A bladder.

#### tṳ pha;

    a pig's bladder.

#### jīe pha;

    the bladder.
* 跨pha4681576
* To bestride.

#### pha cĭeⁿ bé sin cū tîeh khîa;

    if you mount a horse you must ride him.
* 泡phă667855
* A bubble; a blister.

#### kha seⁿ phă;

    feet are blistered.

#### cúi phă;

    bubbles.

#### seⁿ cúi phă kâi po̤-lî;

    glass that has air bubbles in it.

#### phok phă;

    to blister; to rise in blisters.

#### pêh phă kòi;

    itch, having pus in the blisters.

#### ngâu kàu i kún khí lâi kâi phă kâi phă;

    seethe it till it bubbles.

#### o phă;

    blood blisters.

#### lâm kàu kâi phă kâi phă;

    scalded so that it is blistered.
# Dictionary of the Swatow dialect/peng

​===peng===
* 秉péng6991153
* To hold in the hand; to uphold; to maintain; to have power.

## sĭ i tó̤ péng khŵn;

    it is he who holds the power.

## péng kong phōiⁿ sṳ̄;

    adjudicate matters in an equitable way.
* 駢péng6901876
* Union between things naturally separate.

## péng cóiⁿ;

    a double finger, two of the fingers grown together.

## péng khî;

    two teeth united so as to form one.

## péng hîap;

    ribs joined as to have no interstice between the two.
* 憑pêng7026112
* To trust to; confiding in; according to, as; proof, evidence; that which can be proven.

## pêng tong bói-kàn móng nâng kâi châng;

    depend on a middleman to buy a field from a certain man.

## jĭm pêng i cò̤-nî īeⁿ;

    in any way he pleases.

## cía sĭ ŭ pêng ŭ kṳ̆ kâi;

    this is something for which there is proof.

## bô̤ pêng-kṳ̆;

    without proof.

## kháu sueh, bô̤ pêng;

    words will not serve for proof.

## cang sĭm-mûeh ûi pêng?;

    What evidence is there for it?

## cía sĭ pêng i tàⁿ kâi;

    this verifies what he said.

## pêng toaⁿ;

    a receipt or order.

## pêng-toaⁿ chú ngṳ̂n cêk choiⁿ níe;

    the draft calls for a thousand taels.
* 並pĕng70017
* Two standing or going together; a dual arrangement; a copulative particle; altogether; both, with, and, also, moreover, unitedly, at once; used before a negative it enforces it.

## pĕng bô̤ cìeⁿ-seⁿ;

    it is not so at all.

## pĕng hut;

    by no means.

## pĕng hui ŭ ì;

    quite unintentional.

## nŏ̤ nâng pĕng cŏ̤;

    both sat down.

## pĕng m̄ sĭ;

    not so at all.

## pĕng ĭong, jîeh cōi cîⁿ?;

    How much was it, including commission?
# Dictionary of the Swatow dialect/pek

​===pek===
* 愊pek692619
* An earnest, resolute feeling; oppressed; borne down with.

## sim pek;

    oppressed in mind by the consideration of it.

## sim lăi pek căi;

    the feelings greatly interested.

## thiaⁿ tíeh i kâi ūe, sît-căi pek;

    on hearing what he said, she became deeply distressed about it.
* 伯pek707755
* An earl.

## pek ciah;

    the rank of an earl.
* 柏pek708755
* The cedar.

## n̂ng-pek;

    bark of the Pterocarpus flavus$^*$, used in medicine, and for dyeing silks yellow.

## pek-cí-jîn;

    jumper seeds.
* 逼pek6921629
* To insist upon; to urge; to crowd; to harass; to reduce to straits; urgent; imperious.

## pek-chiet;

    pressing; urgent.

## kip pek;

    requiring haste.

## ui si so pek;

    driven by circumstances.

## cia si pek i bo nai kai;

    this is crowding him beyond what he can endure.

## pek thosìo bâk;

    urgently demand payment of a bill.

## pek lîah;

    seize with haste.

## pek kàu i sí khṳ̀;

    kill by hard usage.

## pek tó̤ nâng mīaⁿ;

    harass to death.

## pek i sía tīo;

    compel him to cast it away.

## pek i kói-kè;

    force a wife to marry another man.

## sṳ̄ khah pek, lí m̄ chut;

    the business is too urgent, I cannot attend to it.

## jît-cí pek;

    the time is close at hand.

## pek-pek;

    very pressing.

## pek khṳ̀ kín căi;

    driven to great straits.

## pek-lêk;

    browbeat one into.

## pek kàu hṳ́ piⁿ-piⁿ;

    drove him on to the border.

## ke-húe cheⁿ-pek bûa khṳ̀;

    the armed men rushed upon.

## pek kàu i cĭeⁿ thiⁿ bo̤ lō, ló̤h tī bô̤ mn̂g;

    drove him to desperation.
# Dictionary of the Swatow dialect/phai
### phai

* 呸phái671305
* The noise made in spitting or hooting; to snort at.

#### iah-phái;

    to flout; to scoff at; to hoot at; to treat with contumely.

#### i phái-phái-kìe, li-li mēⁿ;

    he snorted at and kept on reviling her.
* 歹phái844780
* Bad, evil.

#### phái kíaⁿ;

    a bad fellow.

#### phái nâng cò̤ phái sṳ̄;

    the evil do evil.
* 派phài650856
* To branch, as a stream; to ramify, as a family; a rill; to appoint to a post; to distribute to each person; a tribe; all; a lot; the whole company; a classifier.

#### ciⁿ-phài;

    a tribe, clan, or branch.

#### cí kâi jī sĭ sĭm-mih phài?

    What is the name given to these, to distinguish them from others of the same surname?

#### kio i tâng phài;

    am of the same family branch as he.

#### cêk phài to sĭ suaⁿ;

    the whole of it is mountainous.

#### cí cêk phài tī-hng kâi cúi lâu tŏ̤ tī-kò̤ khṳ̀?

    Where does the water of this region flow to?

#### phài i khṳ̀;

    send him to his post.

#### ēng phài kúi nâng khṳ̀?

    How many persons must we depute?

#### phài tīaⁿ-tîeh a būe?

    Are the places to which each is to go exactly assigned yet?

#### cía sĭ i kâi tek-phài;

    this is the offspring of his chief wife.

#### cí kâi nâng cìaⁿ-phài căi;

    this man is very upright.

#### cèng nâng lâi phài cîⁿ;

    they all came and contributed their quota of cash.

#### cìe châng-bó khue phài;

    fix each person's quota in accordance with the extent of his arable land.

#### hó̤ phài-thâu;

    of a good stock.

#### sî-phài kâi mûeh-kĭaⁿ;

    what is now all the rage.

#### chut lâi bô̤ phài bô̤ thâu;

    has no style about it.
# Dictionary of the Swatow dialect/phah
### phah

* 拍phah711645
* To beat; to clap.

#### i kâi khek chìe khṳ̀ hâh phah;

    the ballad was sung in tune.

#### seⁿ cò̤ khṳ̀ kah-phah;

    is well proportioned.

#### seⁿ lâi kah-phah;

    well formed.
* 打phah839642
* To strike, to pound, to beat, to maul, to fight; to pommel and take blows; to excite or do; to add; to play on or with; a blow, a stroke; punish ​ment by bambooing; to act on, to operate on, to perform; an auxiliary verb denoting action.

#### lîah i khṳ̀ phah;

    seize him and beat him.

#### phah i cáu;

    drive him off by beating him.

#### nŏ̤ nâng tó̤ sie phah;

    the two are fighting with each other.

#### i phah úa;

    he struck me.

#### phah thóiⁿ tī-tîang îaⁿ;

    wrestle and see who is the stronger.

#### ŏi khṳt i phah tîeh a bŏi?

    Did it hit you?

#### phah khûn-thâu;

    to box.

#### sĭu i phah;

    was beaten by him.

#### saⁿ jît phah sì tńg;

    beaten four times in three days.

#### phah kuaⁿ-si;

    bring a suit against.

#### phah thih kâi nâng;

    a blacksmith.

#### i būe sĭ thih phah kâi;

    he has not yet hardened his muscles by hard work.

#### phah siah;

    work in pewter.

#### phah cîeh;

    stone cutting.

#### phah chèng;

    fire a gun.

#### i būe pat khṳt nâng phah mâk;

    he ought to be knocked down for such insolence.

#### phah tùi i kâi phiaⁿ-lî;

    struck him in the side.

#### phah cîh i kâi kha;

    broke his leg.

#### phah ang-chun;

    to fight quails.

#### phah cío;

    to shoot birds.

#### phah ìn;

    play shuttle-cock.

#### phah pa-cíeⁿ;

    strike on the palm.

#### toah phah;

    scold and pound.

#### phah n̆ng;

    beat up eggs.

#### i tó̤ phah kang;

    they are at work.

#### phah m̄ lô̤h chíu;

    could not strike him.

#### hàm kâi lâi tûi ie phah phôk;

    call somebody to manipulate the back, beating it lightly.

#### phah sèng-cĭang;

    gain a battle.

#### phah pāi cĭang;

    lost the battle.

#### phah tieⁿ toaⁿ;

    write out a permit.

#### phah bé-kíaⁿ;

    to set down figures.

#### phah îu;

    to express oil.