OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Turnbull, George

​TURNBULL, GEORGE (1562?–1633), Scots jesuit, was born about 1562 in the diocese of St. Andrews, and admitted to the novitiate in 1591 at the age of twenty-two. For thirty years he was professor at the college of Pont-à-Mousson, and he died at Reims on 11 May 1633. In answer to a work of Robert Baron [q. v.] on the scripture canon, he published at Reims in 1628 ‘Imaginarii Circuli Quadratura Catholica, seu de objecto formali et regula fidei, adversus Robertum Baronem ministrum.’ To this Baron replied, whereupon Turnbull published ‘In Sacræ Scholæ Calumniatorem, et calumniæ duplicatorem, pro Tetragonismo,’ Reims, 1632. Turnbull was also author of ‘Commentarii in Universam Theologiam,’ which was ready for the press when the author died.
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Turnbull, John

​TURNBULL, JOHN (fl. 1800–1813), traveller, was a sailor in the merchant service. While second mate of the Barwell in 1799 he visited China, and came to the conclusion that the Americans were carrying on a lucrative trade in north-west Asia. On his return home he induced some enterprising merchants to fit out a vessel to visit those parts. Sailing from Portsmouth in May 1800 in the Margaret, a ship of ten guns, he touched at Madeira and at Cape Colony, which had recently passed into British hands. On 5 Jan. 1801 he arrived at Botany Bay. The north-west speculation turning out a failure, Turnbull resolved to visit the islands of the Pacific, and devoted the next three years to exploring New Zealand, the Society Islands, the Sandwich Islands, and many parts of the South Seas. At Otaheite he encountered the agents of the London Missionary Society, to whose zeal he bore testimony while criticising their methods. After visiting the Friendly Islands he returned home by Cape Horn in the Calcutta, arriving in England in June 1804. In the following year he published the notes of his travels, under the title ‘A Voyage round the World,’ London, 8vo. Turnbull's narrative is interesting, his criticisms being often acute and always temperate. He deals with a period when the Australian colonies were in their infancy and the South Seas little known. A second edition of the work appeared in 1813 with considerable additions. The first edition was published in an abbreviated form in ‘A Collection of Voyages and Travels,’ vol. iii. London, 1806, 4to.
E. I. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Turmeau, John

​TURMEAU, JOHN (1777–1846), miniature-painter, born in 1777, came of a Huguenot family long settled in London. His grandfather, Allan Turmeau, was an artist. His father, John Turmeau, who married Eliza Sandry of Cornwall, was a jeweller in London, but it is probable that he also painted miniatures. The name of John Turmeau figures in the catalogue of the Royal Academy exhibition as early as 1772. ‘John Turmeau, jr.,’ studied in the school of the academy, and exhibited two miniatures (portraits) at the Royal Academy in 1794, his address being 23 Villiers Street, Strand. In the following year he sent two more miniatures from the same address, and he continued to exhibit occasionally in London till 1836; but long before that date he had removed to Liverpool, and had six portraits in the first exhibition of the Liverpool Academy 1810, of which body he was a member. His address was given as Church Street. In the Liverpool Academy exhibition of 1811 he had two portraits, one of which was of Thomas Stewart Traill [q. v.] In 1827 he was the treasurer of the Liverpool Academy, and he continued to exhibit regularly, residing at Lord Street, and in later years in Castle Street, where he died on 10 Sept. 1846. He was buried in the Edge Hill churchyard. At all these addresses he carried on the trade of a print-seller and dealer in works of art, as well as the profession of portrait-painter.
Most of Turmeau's work was miniature portrait-painting on ivory, which had all the perfection of finish, colour, and good drawing of the best school of that art. He also painted some portraits in oil, one of which, a portrait of himself, is in the possession of his grandchildren in Liverpool, who have also some exceedingly fine specimens of his work on ivory. Probably his best known portrait is that of Egerton Smith, founder of the ‘Liverpool Mercury,’ which was engraved in 1842 by Wagstaff.
Turmeau married Sarah Wheeler, and had nine children. A son, John Caspar Turmeau (1809–1834), after studying under his father, went to Italy with the idea of completing his education as a landscape-painter. Here he spent much time in Rome with John Gibson (1790–1866) [q. v.], to whom John Turmeau had shown much kindness when he was an apprentice in Liverpool. J. C. Turmeau had an architectural sketch in the Liverpool exhibition of 1827, and after his return from Italy practised as an architect in that town, where he died, unmarried, at his father's house in 1834.
A. N.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Turnbull, William (1729?-1796)

​TURNBULL, WILLIAM (1729?–1796), physician, born at Hawick about 1729, belonged to the family of Turnbull of Bedrule in Roxburghshire. He was educated at the Hawick town school and at the university of Edinburgh, and, afterwards studied at Glasgow. About 1757 he settled at Wooler in Northumberland, and while there was chosen physician of the Bamborough infirmary. By the advice of Sir John Pringle [q. v.] he went to London in 1777, and shortly after was appointed physician to the eastern dispensary. He died in London on 2 May 1796. He was the author of several medical treatises of little importance. A collective edition of his ‘Works,’ with a memoir by his son, William Turnbull, was published in 1805, 12mo. Turnbull contributed the ‘medicinal, chemical, and anatomical’ articles to the ‘New and Complete Dictionary of Arts and Sciences’ (London, 1778, fol.).
E. I. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Turle, Henry Frederic

​TURLE, HENRY FREDERIC (1835–1883), editor of ‘Notes and Queries,’ was fourth son of James Turle [q. v.], organist of Westminster Abbey, and was born in York Road, Lambeth, on 23 July 1835. The family went in September 1841 to live in the cloisters of Westminster Abbey, and on 31 March 1845 Henry was admitted as a chorister at Westminster school. Owing to delicate health, he spent from Christmas 1848 to the autumn of 1850 at the school of George Roberts (d. 1860) [q. v.] at Lyme ​Regis. He was readmitted at Westminster on 3 Oct. 1850.
From 1856 to 1863 Turle was a temporary clerk in that branch of the war office which was stationed at the Tower of London. In 1870 he became assistant to William John Thoms [q. v.], the founder and editor of ‘Notes and Queries.’ In 1872, when John Doran [q. v.] succeeded Thoms, Turle retained the position of sub-editor, and on Doran's death in 1878 he became editor.
Under Turle's editorship ‘Notes and Queries’ preserved its reputation for accuracy of knowledge and for varied interest. He was always fond of archæology, and especially of church architecture. With the associations of Westminster Abbey and the school attached to it, he was thoroughly imbued. He was busy at work until his sudden death, from heart disease, on 28 June 1883, in his rooms at Lancaster House, The Savoy, London. He was buried on 3 July in the family grave in Norwood cemetery. He is commemorated in the tablet which was placed to the memory of his parents on the wall of the west cloister of Westminster Abbey.
W. P. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Turnbull, William (d.1454)

​TURNBULL, WILLIAM (d. 1454), bishop of Glasgow and founder of Glasgow University, was descended from the Turnbulls of Minto, Roxburghshire. After entering holy orders he was for some time an official at the court of Eugenius IV. In 1440 he was made prebend of Balenrick, and in 1445 keeper of the privy seal of Scotland. In 1447 he was promoted to the bishopric of Glasgow, the consecration taking place in 1448. The papal bull authorising the university of Glasgow on the Bologna pattern on 7 Jan. 1450–1, states that it was founded at the instance of James II (who granted a charter 20 April 1453) by the interest and care of William Turnbull, then the bishop of Glasgow. About 1460 the ‘pædagogium’ was moved from ‘the Rottenrow’ to the site in the High Street, which the university occupied until 1870. Turnbull died at Rome on 3 Sept. 1454.
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Turgeon, Pierre Flavien

​TURGEON, PIERRE FLAVIEN (1787–1867), Roman catholic archbishop of Quebec, was born at Quebec on 12 Nov. 1787, was ordained priest in 1810, was appointed to the chair of theology in the Quebec seminary in 1814, and was made director in 1821. From 1808 he was secretary to Mgr. Plessis, accompanied that prelate to England and Rome in 1819–20, and had much to do in settling the status of the Roman catholic church in Canada and in obtaining recognition for the episcopate. The French ambassador at Rome fruitlessly opposed the issue of a bull (28 Feb. 1834) appointing him bishop of Sidyme in partibus and coadjutor to Mgr. Signay, the then Roman catholic bishop of Quebec ‘cum futura successione,’ on the ground, it is said, of his pro-English leanings, which had been shown in the war of 1812. They were seen later in the rebellion of 1837 and in his support of the union of 1841. He became administrator in November 1849, and succeeded as archbishop in October 1850, receiving the pallium on 11 June following. He continued to discharge the duties of his office till 1855, when he was stricken with paralysis, and resigned the administration to his coadjutor and successor, Mgr. Baillargeon. He died on 25 Aug. 1867.
Turgeon was the second titular archbishop of Quebec, but was the first to organise the province. Under him met the first (1851) and second (1854) councils of Quebec, both of which were attended by all Roman catholic bishops of British North America. He founded Laval University, the royal charter of which is dated 8 Dec. 1852, and, canonical sanction having in the meantime been obtained, he opened it on 1 Sept. 1854 with a full complement of faculties and a number of affiliated colleges. La Maison du Bon Pasteur was also instituted by him, and he is credited with a principal share in the ecclesiastical ordinances passed by the special council of 1839 as preliminary to the union of 1841: i.e. ordinances (1) recognising the Montreal episcopate, (2) confirming the ecclesiastical title to Montreal Island Saint Sulpice, and Lake of the Two Mountains, (3) repealing the Mortmain Act (1830) and providing that religious bodies may hold immovable property in the name of trustees as civil corporations.
T. B. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lily, George

​LILY, GEORGE (d. 1559), Roman catholic divine, son of William Lily [q. v.] the grammarian, by Agnes, his wife, was a native of London, and became a commoner of Magdalen College, Oxford, in 1528 (Bloxam, Magdalen College Register, iv. 22 n.) Leaving the university without a degree he travelled to Rome, where he ‘was received with all humanity into the protection of Cardinal Pole,’ and became noted for his erudition. After his return to England he was collated to the prebend of Kentish Town or Cantlers, in the church of St. Paul, on 22 Nov. 1556 (Newcourt, Repertorium, i. 171). Cardinal Pole, to whom he was domestic chaplain, collated him on 13 March 1557–8 to a canonry in the first prebend of the church of Canterbury (Le Neve, Fasti, ed. Hardy, i. 47). He died in 1559 before 29 July, and it is supposed that he was buried near the body of his father in St. Paul's churchyard.
Lily wrote: ‘Virorum aliquot in Britannia, qui nostro seculo eruditione, et doctrina clari, memorabilesque fuerunt, Elogia, per Georgium Lilium Britannum, exarata.’ Dedicated to Paul Jovius, bishop of Nocera, and printed in that prelate's ‘Descriptio Britanniæ, Scotiæ, Hyberniæ, et Orchadum,’ Venice, 1548, 4to, together with other contributions by Lily, viz.: ‘Nova et Antiqua Locorum Nomina in Anglia et in Scotia,’ f. 42 b seq. (cf. Harrison, Description of England, ed. Furnivall, 1877, p. 245); ‘Anglorum Regum Chronices Epitome,’ down to the year 1547, ff. 57–123 (reprinted, Frankfort, 1565, 4to, with continuation to the accession of Elizabeth in 1558–9; Basle, 1577, &c.; Frankfort, 1614, 8vo; also in vol. i. of Polydore Vergil's ‘Historia Anglica,’ Douay, 1603); ‘Lancastriæ et Eboracensis de regno contentiones,’ f. 124; ‘Regum Angliæ Genealogia,’ f. 125 b.
Lily is also credited with ‘Catalogus sive Series Pontificorum et Cæsarum Romanorum,’ and a ‘Life of John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester’ (cf. Harmer [i.e. Henry Wharton], Specimen of Errors in Burnet's Hist. of the Reformation, p. 61; Gough, British Topography, i. 238 n.) The latter is probably the anonymous Latin life of Fisher, preserved in the Arundel MS. 152, art. 2 in the British Museum (Cat. of Arundel MSS. p. 41). Bale mentions ‘De vitâ, moribus, et fine Thomæ Cranmeri,’ by Lily, in his manuscript notes to the ‘Scriptores Majoris Britanniæ;’ and the first exact map of Great Britain, which was afterwards engraved, and is now scarce, is assigned to him (Gough, i. 87).
[Addit. MS. 5875, f. 37 b; Bale's Script. Brit. Cat. i. 723; Cat. of MSS. in Cambridge Univ. Library, v. 552; Cotton MSS. Nero B. vi. 152, 157; Gough's Brit. Topogr. i. 87, 348, 516; Harl. MS. 6989, art. 26; Le Neve's Fasti (Hardy), ii. 405; Nicholson's English Hist. Libr. p. 3; Pits, De Angliæ Scriptoribus, p. 740; Tanner's Bibl. Brit. p. 481; Wood's Athenæ Oxon. (Bliss), i. 302.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Limpus, Richard

​LIMPUS, RICHARD (1824–1875), founder of the College of Organists, born 10 Sept. 1824, studied at the Royal Academy of Music, and became organist successively of Brentford, St. Andrew Undershaft, and St. Michael's, Cornhill. He was a highly educated musician, and composed some minor sacred and secular music; but he is noted as the founder, in 1864, of the College of Organists, of which he was secretary till his death in London 15 March 1875. The institution, established with the view of providing a central organisation of the profession of organist, together with a system of examination and certificates, is now the most influential of its kind in the country, and Limpus did much to give it this position.
[Grove's Dict. of Music, ii. 139; Musical Times, April 1875; The Choir, 20 March 1875.]
J. C. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lily, Peter

​LILY or LILLY, PETER (d. 1615), archdeacon of Taunton, was son of Peter Lily, prebendary of Canterbury, and grandson of the grammarian, William Lily [q. v.] He was educated at Jesus College, Cambridge, where he became fellow, and graduated B.A., M.A., and D.D. He took holy orders, and was made rector of Fulham, Middlesex, on 17 May 1598, prebendary of St. Paul's on 16 April 1599, rector of Hornsey, Middlesex, on 1 Nov. 1610, and archdeacon of Taunton, Somerset, in October 1613 (Le Neve, Fasti, i. 168). He was nominated by James I among the first fellows of Chelsea College, and is named in the charter of its foundation on 8 May 1610. Lily was also a brother of the Savoy, where he died in 1615. His will, dated 22 Feb. 1614–15, was proved on 14 June 1615. He was buried in the chancel of the Savoy Chapel, where are also the tombstones of his wife (d. 1 June 1627) and only daughter (d. 10 Oct. 1625). He published ‘Conciones Duæ,’ London, 1619, and ‘Two Sermons,’ London, 1619.
[Lansd. MS. 983, f. 52; Wood's Athenæ (Bliss), i. 34; Newcourt's Repert. i. 128, 587, 609; Faulkner's Chelsea, ii. 225; Cat. of the Bodleian Library.]
E. T. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Watkin, William Thompson

​WATKIN, WILLIAM THOMPSON (1836–1888), archæologist, born at Salford on 15 Oct. 1836, was son of John Watkin, a native of that town. His mother, Mary Hamilton, daughter of Benjamin Brierley, was born at Portsmouth, U.S.A. He received his education at private schools, and was afterwards engaged in mercantile pursuits in Liverpool. From early life he was greatly interested in archæological studies, and was a member, and for some time had been honorary librarian, of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, a Liverpool institution. He was also an active member, and served on the council, of the Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society of Manchester. His numerous papers published in the transactions of these and many other societies, and in various journals between 1871 and 1888, dealt almost exclusively with the Roman occupation of Britain. A list of his writings, compiled by Thomas Formby and Ernest Axon, is printed in the ‘Transactions of the Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society,’ vol. vi. In 1883 he published his great work on Roman Lancashire, which was followed in 1886 by ‘Roman Cheshire,’ both full of the most careful research and accurate descriptions of objects which he had personally examined. Valuable unpublished notes on Roman remains in North Wales and in various English counties and other manuscripts were after his death purchased by subscription and presented to the Chetham Library, Manchester. He died on 23 March 1888 at 55 Prescot Street, Liverpool, and was buried at Anfield cemetery. He was three times married, and left a widow and several daughters.
[Liverpool Courier, 24 March 1888; papers mentioned above, and private information.]
A. N.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Watson, Anthony

​WATSON, ANTHONY (d. 1605), bishop of Chichester, was the son of Edward Watson of Thorpe Thewles in Durham. He matriculated at Christ's College, Cambridge, in October 1567, proceeded B.A. in 1571–2, was soon afterwards elected a fellow, and commenced M.A. in 1575. He was incorporated at Oxford on 9 July 1577, graduated B.D. at Cambridge in 1582, and was created D.D. in July 1596.
In 1581 he was instituted to the rectory of Cheam in Surrey on the presentation of John Lumley, first baron Lumley (of the second creation) [q. v.], and was licensed to preach by the university in the following year. On 16 April 1590 he was presented to the deanery of Bristol, and on 25 July 1592 was installed chancellor of the church of Wells, receiving also the prebend of Wedmore Secunda in that see. In the same year he became rector of Storrington in Sussex on Lord Lumley's presentation. About 1595 he was appointed queen's almoner in the place of Richard Fletcher (d. 1596) [q. v.], bishop of London, who had incurred Elizabeth's displeasure by a second marriage.
On 15 Aug. 1596 he was consecrated bishop of Chichester, in succession to Thomas Bickley [q. v.] (Strype, Life of Whitgift, 1822, ii. 351). He had license to hold in commendam, with his bishopric, his other preferments, but resigned his chancellorship of Wells in 1596, and his deanery of Bristol about the close of 1597. Watson attended the deathbed of Elizabeth (ib. ii. 466). He was continued in his office of lord almoner by James I, and took part in the conference with the puritans at Hampton Court in January 1603–4 (Strype, Annals, 1824, iv. 552). At the same date the bishop of Chichester was joined by the archbishop of Canterbury and the bishops of London and Winchester, the deans of St. Paul's, Westminster, the Chapel Royal, and Windsor, four civilians and three common lawyers, in a commission for ‘the care of perusing and suppressing all books that are printed here without public authority or are brought into this realm’ (Strype, Life and Acts of John Whitgift, 1822 edition, vol. ii. p. 504). On 5 Dec. 1603 Watson attended the conspirator George Brooke [q. v.] on the scaffold (Birch, Court and Times of James I, i. 27–8). He was very prominent in court ceremonies during the first two years of the new reign. At the churching, on 19 May 1605, of Queen Anne after the birth of Princess Mary, at Greenwich, Watson preached the sermon (Nichols's Progresses of James I, vol. i. p. 514). He died, unmarried at Cheam on 10 Sept. 1605, and was buried in the parish church on 19 Sept. He had held the rectory of Cheam for twenty-four years, and it is interesting to note that after four years' interval Watson was in 1609 succeeded at Cheam by Lancelot Andrewes [q. v.], who followed him immediately as bishop of Chichester. By his will, dated 6 Sept. 1605, Watson made bequests to the library and subsizars of Christ's College. A letter from him to Sir Julius Cæsar is preserved in the British Museum in Addit. MS. 12507, f. 191.
E. I. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Wath, Michael de

1904 Errata appended. Michael Wath in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
​WATH, MICHAEL or Sir MICHAEL de (fl. 1314–1347), judge, probably derived his surname from one of the three places of the name of Wath in Yorkshire. He first appears in 1314 as an attorney (13 Nov. Close Rolls, p. 201), and again in 1318, 1320, and 1321 (ib. pp. 592, 239, 356). On 14 Jan. 1321 he was described as parson of Beford (ib. p. 350), and on 11 July 1322, described as clericus, he was one of the manucaptors for the good behaviour of Roger Cursoun, one of the adherents of Thomas of Lancaster (Parl. Writs, pt. ii. pp. 212, 213). On 1 June 1327 ‘Sir’ [i.e. Dominus] Michael de Wath, clerk, witnessed a charter (Close Rolls, p. 205). On 20 Aug. 1327 he was described as parson of Wath (ib. p. 220), and on 2 March 1328 as clerk of chancery (ib. p. 369), which he always attended (Pat. Rolls, p. 139). He was clerk to Henry de Clif, keeper of the rolls of chancery, on 5 May 1329 (Close Rolls, p. 539). On 3 Feb. 1330 he received, by papal provision, a canonry and prebend of Southwell in addition to his rectorship of Wath (Bliss, Extracts from Papal Registers, p. 305), and to them was added a canonry and prebend at St. John's, Howden, on 11 May 1331 (ib. p. 332). He was appointed to assess a tallage in the county of York on 25 June 1332 (Pat. Rolls, p. 312). He became master of the rolls on 20 Jan. 1334, an don 17 April was presented to the living of Foston (Foss; Patent Rolls, p. 538). He surrendered the office of master of the rolls on 23 April 1337. ‘It is remarkable that during that time he never held the great seal as the substitute of the chancellor, as was then the custom of masters of the rolls’ (Foss). He was appointed to do so, however, with two others at the end of 1339, and also acted as commissioner of array for Yorkshire in the same year (Rot. Parl. ii. 110–12), and clerk of chancery in 1338 and 1340 (ib. p. 112). In December of this last year he was removed from his post by Edward III, with other clerks and judges, and imprisoned on a charge of maladministration, but was afterwards released (Adam of Murimuth, p. 117). In 1347 he was commissioned with others to inquire into the reassessment of the men of Frismerk in the East Riding of Yorkshire, who pleaded losses by floods (Rot. Parl. ii. 187).
[Authorities cited in text. The volumes of the Calendars of the Close and Patent Rolls, published by the master of the rolls, and Extracts from the Papal Registers referred to is in each case indicated by the date; Foss's Judges of England.]
W. E. R.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.275 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 452 | i | 31 | Wath, Michael: omit or Sir Michael |
| | | 17 f.e. | for Sir Michael read 'Sir' [i.e. Dominus] Michael |