OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Menecrates 2.

​2. Of Smyrna, the author of two epigrams in the Greek Anthology (Brunck, Anal. vol. i. p. 476 ; Jacobs, Anth. Graec. vol. i. p. 227), is not improbably the same as Menecrates of Ephesus, a poet mentioned by Varro, de Re Rustica, i. I. (See Jacobs, Anth. Graec. vol. xiii. pp. 916, 917.) [P. S.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Menedaeus

​MENEDAEUS or MENE'DATUS (Μενεδαῖος, Μενέδατος), a Spartan, was one of the three leaders of the Peloponnesian force which was sent to aid the Aetolians in the reduction of Naupactus, in b. c. 426. The place, however, was saved by Demosthenes, with the help of the Acarnanians. In the same year Menedaeus was engaged in the expedition against Amphilochian Argos ; and after the death of his two colleagues, Eurylochus and Macarius, at the battle of Olpae, he concluded with Demosthenes and the Acarnanian generals a secret agreement, by which the Peloponnesians were permitted to withdraw in safety, leaving their allies, the Ambraciots, to their fate. (Thuc. iii. 100—102, 105—111.) [E. E.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Menander 2.

​MENANDER (Μένανδρος). 1, An officer in the service of Alexander, one of those called ἑταῖροι, but who held the command of a body of mercenaries. He was appointed by Alexander, during the settlement of the affairs of Asia made by that monarch when at Tyre (B. C. 331), to the government of Lydia, and appears to have remained at that post till the year 323, when he was commissioned to conduct a reinforcement of troops to Alexander at Babylon, where he arrived just before the king's last illness. (Arrian, Anab. iii. 6. § 12, vii. 23. § 2.) In the division of the provinces, after the death of Alexander, he received his former government of Lydia, of which he hastened to take possession. (Arrian, ap. Phot. p. 69, b.; Dexippus, ibid. p. 64, a.; Justin, xiii. 4; Curt. x. 30. § 2; Diod. xviii. 3, erroneously has Meleager instead.) He appears to have early attached himself to the party of Antigonus, to whom he was the first to give information of the ambitious schemes of Perdiccas for marrying Cleopatra. (Arrian, ap. Phot. p. 70, b.) In the new distribution of the provinces at Triparadeisus he lost his government of Lydia, which was given to Cleitus (Id. p. 72, a.); but this was probably only in order that he might cooperate the more freely with Antigonus, as we find him commanding a part of the army of the latter in the first campaign against Eumenes (B. C. 320). The following year, on learning the escape of Eumenes from Nora, he advanced with an army into Cappadocia to attack him, and compelled him to take refuge in Cilicia. (Plut. Eum. 9; Diod. xviii. 59.) From this time no farther mention of Menander is found in history.
2. An officer appointed by Alexander to command a fortress in Bactria, whom he afterwards put to death for abandoning his post. (Plut. Alex. 57.)
3. A native of Laodiceia, who was a general of cavalry in the service of Mithridates, and figures on several occasions in the wars of that monarch. He was one of those selected to command the army under the king's son, Mithridates, which was opposed to Fimbria, B. C. 85 (Memnon, c. 34); and again in the operations against Lucullus, near Cabeira, he commanded a detachment of the army of Mithridates, which was destined to cut off a convoy of provisions guarded by Sornatius, but was defeated by that general with heavy loss. (Plut. Lucull. 17.) He afterwards fell a prisoner into the hands of Pompey, and was one of the captives who served to adorn his triumph. (App. Mithr. 117.)
[E. H. B.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Menander 3.

​MENANDER (Μένανδρος), king of Bactria, was, according to Strabo (xi. 11), one of the most powerful of all the Greek rulers of that country, and one of those who made the most extensive conquests in India. Plutarch tells us that his rule was mild and equitable, and that he was so popular with his subjects, that the different cities under his authority, after vying with each other in paying him funeral honours, insisted upon dividing his remains among them. (De Rep. Ger. p. 821.) Both these authors term him king of Bactria; but recent inquirers are of opinion that he did not reign in Bactria Proper, but only in the provinces south of the Paropamisus, or Indian Caucasus. (Lassen, Gesch. d. Bactr. Kön. p. 225, &c.; Wilson's Ariana, p, 282.) According to Strabo (l. c.), he extended his conquests beyond the Hypanis or Sutlej, and made himself master of the district of Pattalene at the mouths of the Indus. These conquests appear to have been related by Trogus Pompeius in his forty-first book (see Prol. Lib. xli.), but they are omitted by Justin. The author of the Periplus of the Erythraean sea, commonly ascribed to Arrian, tells us (p. 27, ed. Huds.) that silver coins of Menander and Apollodotus were still in circulation in his day among the merchants of Barygaza (Baroach); and they have been discovered in modern times in considerable numbers in the countries south of the Hindoo Koosh, and even as far east as the Jumna. (Wilson, p. 281.) The period of his reign is wholly uncertain.
[E. H. B.]
# Chaucerian and Other Pieces/Piece25

[ Introduction for this Piece ] | [ Notes on this Piece ]
XXV. VIRELAI.
Alone walking, In thought pleyning, And sore sighing, All desolate, Me remembring Of my living, My deth wishing Bothe erly and late.
Infortunate Is so my fate 5 That, wote ye what? Out of mesure My lyf I hate Thus desperate; In pore estate Do I endure.
Of other cure Am I nat sure, Thus to endure Is hard, certain; 10 Such is my ure, I yow ensure; What creature May have more pain?
My trouth so pleyn Is take in veyn, And gret disdeyn In remembraunce; Yet I full feyn Wold me compleyn 15 Me to absteyn From this penaunce.
But in substaunce Noon allegeaunce Of my grevaunce Can I nat finde; Right so my chaunce With displesaunce Doth me avaunce; And thus an ende. 20
Explicit.
From Trin. (Trin. Coll. Cam. R. 3. 19); collated with S. (Stowe's ed. 1561). 4. S. death. Trin. wyssyng; S. wishyng. S. early. 5. Trin. soo; S. so. 6. Trin. whate Oute. S. measure. 7. Trin. lyfe; S. life. 8. Trin. In suche pore (I omit suche). S. Doe. 9. S. not. 12. S. Maie. 13. S. truthe; plain; vain. 14. S. greate disdain. 15. Trin. feyne; S. faine. S. Would. Trin. compleyne; S. complaine. 16. Trin. absteyne; S. abstaine. 17. S. None. 18. S. not. 20. S. Doeth.
# Chaucerian and Other Pieces/Piece26

[ Introduction for this Piece ] | [ Notes on this Piece ]
XXVI. PROSPERITY.
Richt as povert causith sobirnes, And febilnes enforcith contenence, Richt so prosperitee and gret riches The moder is of vice and negligence; And powere also causith insolence; 5 And honour oftsiss chaungith gude thewis; Thare is no more perilous pestilence Than hie estate geven unto schrewis. Quod Chaucere.
XXVI. From MS. Arch. Seld. B. 24, fol. 119; I give rejected spellings. 3. Rycht; grete. 7. perilouss.
# Chaucerian and Other Pieces/Piece27

[ Introduction for this Piece ] | [ Notes on this Piece ]
XXVII. LEAULTE VAULT RICHESSE.
This warldly joy is only fantasy, Of quhich non erdly wicht can be content; Quho most has wit, lest suld in it affy, Quho taistis it most, most sall him repent; Quhat valis all this richess and this rent, 5 Sen no man wat quho sall his tresour have? Presume nocht gevin that god has don but lent, Within schort tyme the quhiche he thinkis to crave.
Leaulte vault richesse.
XXVII. From MS. Arch. Seld. B. 24, fol. 138; I give rejected spellings. 1. Ioy; onely. 3. leste. 6. wate. 7. done. 9. richess.
# Chaucerian and Other Pieces/Piece29

[ Introduction for this Piece ] | [ Notes on this Piece ]
XXIX. BALADE IN PRAISE OF CHAUCER.
Master Geffray Chauser, that now lyth in grave, The nobyll rethoricien, and poet of Gret Bretayne, That worthy was the lawrer of poetry have For thys hys labour, and the palme attayne; Whych furst made to dystyll and reyne 5 The gold dew-dropys of speche and eloquence In-to Englyssh tong, thorow hys excellence.
Explicit.
XXIX. From MS. Trin. R. 3. 19, fol. 25; also in Stowe (ed. 1561). 1. MS. Chausers; Stowe, Chauser. 2. Rethoricion (!). 6. elloquence.
# Chaucerian and Other Pieces/Piece28

[ Introduction for this Piece ] | [ Notes on this Piece ]
XXVIII. SAYINGS PRINTED BY CAXTON.
1. Whan feyth failleth in prestes sawes, And lordes hestes ar holden for lawes, And robbery is holden purchas, And lechery is holden solas, Than shal the lond of Albyon 5 Be brought to grete confusioun.
2. Hit falleth for every gentilman To saye the best that he can In [every] mannes absence, And the soth in his presence. 10
3. Hit cometh by kynde of gentil blode To cast away al hevines, And gadre to-gidre wordes good; The werk of wisdom berith witnes.
Et sic est finis.
XXVIII. From Caxton's print of Chaucer's Anelida, &c.; see vol. i. p. 46. Also in ed. 1542, in later spelling.
7. Cx. euery. 9. I supply every. 12. Cx. heuynes. 14. Cx. wisedom.
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/2005-12-23/Chapter 8

Chapter 8
Courts and Administration of Justice
Judicial authority
165.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Judicial system
166.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Constitutional Court
167.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(4)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(5)
(6)
(a)
(b)
(7)
Supreme Court of Appeal
168.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
High Courts
169.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
Magistrates’ Courts and other courts
170.
Court procedures
171.
Powers of courts in constitutional matters
172.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Inherent power
173.
to develop the common law, taking into account the interests of justice.
Appointment of judicial officers
174.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Acting judges
175.
(1)
(2)
Terms of office and remuneration
176.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Removal
177.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
(3)
Judicial Service Commission
178.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Prosecuting authority
179.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(4)
(5)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(6)
(7)
Other matters concerning administration of justice
180.
(a)
(b)
(c)
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/2005-12-23/Chapter 7

Chapter 7
Local Government
Status of municipalities
151.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Objects of local government
152.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(2)
Developmental duties of municipalities
153.
(a)
(b)
Municipalities in co-operative government
154.
(1)
capacity of municipalities to manage their own affairs, to exercise their powers and to perform their functions.
(2)
Establishment of municipalities
155.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(a)
(b)
(6A)
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(7)
Powers and functions of municipalities
156.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(a)
(b)
(5)
Composition and election of Municipal Councils
157.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(3)
(4)
(a)
(b)
(5)
(6)
Membership of Municipal Councils
158.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(2)
Terms of Municipal Councils
159.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Internal procedures
160.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(4)
(a)
(b)
(5)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(6)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(7)
(8)
(a)
(b)
(c)
Privilege
161.
Publication of municipal by-laws
162.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Organised local government
163.
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Other matters
164.
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/2005-12-23/Chapter 9

Chapter 9
State Institutions Supporting Constitutional Democracy
Establishment and governing principles
181.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Public Protector
Functions of Public Protector
182.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Tenure
183.
South African Human Rights Commission
Functions of South African Human Rights Commission
184.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(3)
(4)
Commission for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Communities
Functions of Commission
185.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Composition of Commission
186.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
Commission for Gender Equality
Functions of Commission for Gender Equality
187.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Auditor-General
Functions of Auditor-General
188.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(3)
(4)
Tenure
189.
Electoral Commission
Functions of Electoral Commission
190.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(2)
Composition of Electoral Commission
191.
Independent Authority to Regulate Broadcasting
Broadcasting Authority
192.
General Provisions
Appointments
193.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(5)
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(6)
Removal from office
194.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(3)
(a)
(b)
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/2005-12-23/Chapter 5

Chapter 5
The President and National Executive
The President
83.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Powers and functions of President
84.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
Executive authority of the Republic
85.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Election of President
86.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Assumption of office by President
87.
Term of office of President
88.
(1)
(2)
Removal of President
89.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(2)
that office, and may not serve in any public office.
Acting President
90.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Cabinet
91.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(4)
(5)
Accountability and responsibilities
92.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
matters under their control.
Deputy Ministers
93.
(1)
(a)
(b)
to assist the members of the Cabinet, and may dismiss them.
(2)
Continuation of Cabinet after elections
94.
Oath or affirmation
95.
Conduct of Cabinet members and Deputy Ministers
96.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
Transfer of functions
97.
(a)
(b)
Temporary assignment of functions
98.
Assignment of functions
99.
(a)
Cabinet member and the Executive Council member or Municipal Council;
(b)
(c)
National intervention in provincial administration
100.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(3)
Executive decisions
101.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(a)
(b)
Motions of no confidence
102.
(1)
(2)
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/2005-12-23/Schedule 1

Schedule 1
National Flag
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/2005-12-23/Schedule 3

Schedule 3
Election Procedures
Part A — Election Procedures for Constitutional Office-Bearers
Application
1.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Nominations
2.
Formal requirements
3.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(3)
Announcement of names of candidates
4.
Single candidate
5.
Election procedure
6.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Elimination procedure
7.
(1)
(2)
Further meetings
8.
(1)
(2)
Rules
9.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(2)
Part B — Formula to Determine Party Participation in Provincial Delegations to the National Council of Provinces
1.
2.
3.
(a)
(b)
the legislature must allocate the undistributed delegates in the delegation to the party or parties with the same surplus in a manner which is consistent with democracy.
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/2005-12-23/Schedule 4

Schedule 4
Functional Areas of Concurrent National and Provincial Legislative Competence
Part A
Administration of indigenous forests
Agriculture
Airports other than international and national airports
Animal control and diseases
Casinos, racing, gambling and wagering, excluding lotteries and sports pools
Consumer protection
Cultural matters
Disaster management
Education at all levels, excluding tertiary education
Environment
Health services
Housing
Indigenous law and customary law, subject to Chapter 12 of the Constitution
Industrial promotion
Language policy and the regulation of official languages to the extent that the provisions of section 6 of the Constitution expressly confer upon the provincial legislatures legislative competence
Media services directly controlled or provided by the provincial government, subject to section 192
Nature conservation, excluding national parks, national botanical gardens and marine resources
Police to the extent that the provisions of Chapter 11 of the Constitution confer upon the provincial legislatures legislative competence
Pollution control
Population development
Property transfer fees
Provincial public enterprises in respect of the functional areas in this Schedule and Schedule 5
Public transport
Public works only in respect of the needs of provincial government departments in the discharge of their responsibilities to administer functions specifically assigned to them in terms of the Constitution or any other law
Regional planning and development
​Road traffic regulation
Soil conservation
Tourism
Trade
Traditional leadership, subject to Chapter 12 of the Constitution
Urban and rural development
Vehicle licensing
Welfare services
Part B
The following local government matters to the extent set out in section 155(6)(a) and (7):
Air pollution
Building regulations
Child care facilities
Electricity and gas reticulation
Firefighting services
Local tourism
Municipal airports
Municipal planning
Municipal health services
Municipal public transport
Municipal public works only in respect of the needs of municipalities in the discharge of their responsibilities to administer functions specifically assigned to them under this Constitution or any other law
Pontoons, ferries, jetties, piers and harbours, excluding the regulation of international and national shipping and matters related thereto
Stormwater management systems in built-up areas
Trading regulations
Water and sanitation services limited to potable water supply systems and domestic waste-water and sewage disposal systems
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/2005-12-23/Schedule 5

Schedule 5
Functional Areas of Exclusive Provincial Legislative Competence
Part A
Abattoirs
Ambulance services
Archives other than national archives
Libraries other than national libraries
Liquor licences
Museums other than national museums
Provincial planning
Provincial cultural matters
Provincial recreation and amenities
Provincial sport
Provincial roads and traffic
Veterinary services, excluding regulation of the profession
Part B
The following local government matters to the extent set out for provinces in section 155(6)(a) and (7):
Beaches and amusement facilities
Billboards and the display of advertisements in public places
Cemeteries, funeral parlours and crematoria
Cleansing
Control of public nuisances
Control of undertakings that sell liquor to the public
Facilities for the accommodation, care and burial of animals
Fencing and fences
Licensing of dogs
Licensing and control of undertakings that sell food to the public
Local amenities
Local sport facilities
Markets
Municipal abattoirs
Municipal parks and recreation
Municipal roads
Noise pollution
Pounds
​Public places
Refuse removal, refuse dumps and solid waste disposal
Street trading
Street lighting
Traffic and parking
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Perpetuus, St., archbp. of Tours

Perpetuus, St., 6th archbp. of Tours, between St. Eustochius and St. Volusianus, both of whom were his relatives, belonged to one of the great senatorial families of the Auvergne. He possessed considerable wealth (Greg. Tur. Hist. Franc. x. 31), was a student of sacred literature and a friend of the two poets Sidonius Apollinaris and Paulinus of Périgueux (Sid. Apoll. Ep. vii. 9; Paul. Petr. de Vita S. Mart. vi.; Ep. ad Perpet. Migne, Patr. Lat. lxi. 1064 sqq., 1071). Consecrated in 460 or 461, he presided in 461 over the council of Tours, convoked to check the worldliness and profligacy of the Gallic clergy (Mansi, vii. 943 sqq.). The council of Vannes, c. 465, over which apparently he also presided, had the same object (ib. 951 sqq.). His principal work was the construction of the great church of St. Martin at Tours. The one built by Briccius had become too small for the fame and miracles of the saint. Of the new one which replaced it at 550 paces from the city, and to which the saint's body was translated with great ceremony (c. July 4, 473), we have, owing to its being Gregory the historian's own church, full and interesting details and measurements. (See Hist. Franc. ii. 14; de Mirac. S. Mart. i. 6.) A good many other churches were built by Perpetuus, notably one in honour of St. Peter and St. Paul, which he constructed to receive the roof of St. Martin's old church, as it was of elegant workmanship. Perpetuus also bestowed much care on the services. Gregory recounts the fasts, vigils and regulations for divine service instituted by him for different seasons of the year and still observed in Gregory's own time (Hist. Franc. x. 31; cf. Hist. Litt. ii. 626–627; Ceillier, x. 438, 441). Perpetuus died in 490 or 491, after an episcopate of 30 years (Hist. Franc. ii. 26; x. 31), and, as he had asked in his will, was buried in the church he had built, at the feet of St. Martin (Epitaphium in Migne, Patr. Lat. lviii. 755, and elsewhere).
[S.A.B.]
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Petrus, bp. of Edessa

Petrus (20), bp. of Edessa, succeeded Cyrus on his death, June 5, 498. During his episcopate Mesopotamia was ravaged by Cabades, king of Persia, in his endeavour to wrest the province from Anastasius. Of the horrors of this terrible time of war, pestilence, and famine, in which Edessa had a full share, being more than once besieged by Cabades, we have a moving account from a contemporary witness in the Chronicle of Joshua the Stylite. Peter signalized his entrance on the episcopate by several ritual reforms. He was the first to institute the feast of Palm Sunday in the church of Edessa, as well as the benediction of water on the eve of the Epiphany, and the consecration of chrism on Maundy Thursday, and he regulated the observance of other festivals (Jos. Stylit. c. 32). An earthquake occurring at Edessa a.d. 500, he instituted public processional litanies of the whole population (ib. 36). The same year, the city and province suffering grievously from famine, he visited Constantinople to petition Anastasius personally for a remission of taxes, but was only partially successful (ib.39). The famine returning a.d. 505, Peter made a second application to the emperor, who received him with frowns and rebuked him for leaving his distressed flock at such a time, but, feeling the justice of the request, remitted the taxes for the whole province, sending the order without informing Peter (ib. 78). Peter died on Easter Eve, a.d. 510. Asseman. Bibl. Orient. t. i. pp. 268 ff., 279, 406 ff.
[E.V.]