OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/G. Henry Wouters

From volume 15 of the work.
Historian, b. at Oostham, Belgian Limburg, 3 May, 1802; d. 5 January, 1872. In 1829 he became professor of moral theology, and later also of ecclesiastical history at the University of Liege. At the reorganization of the University of Louvain in 1834 he became professor of ecclesiastical history to the faculty of theology, which post he filed until 1871. The first edition of his "Historiae ecclesiasticae compendium" appeared in three volumes (1842-43). In its time it had wide renown, and became a classical handbook in many countries. It was supplemented by the "Dissertationes in selecta historiae ecclesiasticae capita", four volumes (1868-72), which was to treat at greater length controverted questions from the earliest times to the Council of Trent, but which stopped at the fourteenth century. He drew his inspiration from Baronius, Pagi, and Noel Alexandre. He regarded ecclesiastical history as an auxiliary science to theology.
JUNGMANN in Annuaire de l'Universite (Louvain, 1873).
R. Maere.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Gabbatha

From volume 6 of the work.
The Aramaic appellation of a place in Jerusalem, designated also under the Greek name of Lithostrotos. It occurs only in John 19:13, where the Evangelist states that Pontius Pilate "brought Jesus forth, and sat down in the judgment seat, in the place that is called Lithostrotos, and in Hebrew Gabbatha." The name "Gabbatha" is certainly an Aramaic word, for by "Hebrew" St. John, like other New Testament writers, denotes the Aramaic language which was spoken commonly at the time in Judea. It is not a mere translation of "Lithostrotos", which properly means the tessellated or mosaic pavement whereon stood the judgment-seat, but which was extended to the place itself in front of Pilate's prætorium, where that pavement was laid. This was proved by the practice of St. John, who elsewhere gives Aramaic names as distinctly belonging to places, not as mere translations of the Greek. This is proved also by the fact that "Gabbatha" is derived from a root (meaning "back", or "elevation"), which refers, not to the kind of pavement, but to the "elevation" of the place in question. It thus appears that the two names "Lithostrotos" and "Gabbatha" were due to different characteristics of the spot where Pilate delivered Our Lord to death. The Aramaic name was derived from the configuration of that spot, the Greek name from the nature of its pavement. Efforts have been made by commentators to identify "Gabbatha" either with the outer court of the Temple, which is known to have been paved, or with the meeting-place of the Great Sanhedrin, which was half within, half without that Temple's outer court, or again with the ridge at the back of the House of the Lord; but these efforts cannot be considered as successful. The only that can be gathered with certainty from St. John's statement (xix, 13) is that "Gabbatha" denotes the usual place in Jerusalem, where Pilate had his judicial seat, and whither he caused Jesus to be brought forth, that he might deliver in His hearing, and in that of the Jewish multitude, his formal and final sentence of condemnation.
FRANCIS E. GIGOT
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Gabriel-Auguste Daubrée

From volume 4 of the work.
French geologist, b. at Metz, 25 June, 1814; d. at Paris, 29 May, 1896. He studied mining engineering at the Ecole Polytechnique in Paris and in 1834 entered the Government service. After being sent on commissions to England, Sweden, and Norway, he was attached to the department of the Lower Rhine. He was a close observer of geological phenomena and during this time published a paper on the ore deposits of Scandinavia which attracted the attention of Berzelius, and also issued his "Description géologique et minéralogique du département du Bas-Rhin". His appointment as professor of geology and mineralogy at Strasburg furnished him with a laboratory suitable for his experimental work in synthetic geology, begun in 1849. His brilliant experimental researches at Strasburg, and later at Paris, extended over a number of years and have served to make him famous in the annals of geology. They comprised the artificial production of minerals, the geological action of superheated aqueous vapour, the effect of mutual abrasion, the influence of pressure and strain in mountain-making, etc. During the years 1857-61 he made a detailed study of the hot springs of Plombières, observing at the same time the chemical action of thermal waters. In 1861 he was admitted to the Académie des Sciences and succeeded Cordier as professor of geology at the Museum of Natural History in Paris and curator of the collections; to the latter he made extensive additions, particularly of meteorites. It may be mentioned in this connexion that daubréelite (CrS), a grayish granular mineral found in meteoric iron, was named after him. From 1862 he also lectured on mineralogy at the Ecole des Mines of which he became director in 1872. Daubrée's career was a long and active one. He was one of the foremost of Catholic geologists, and was much esteemed for his amiability and nobility of character. One of his friends and admirers was Dom Pedro, Emperor of Brazil. Besides the works already mentioned, he was the author of: "Observations sur le métamorphisme" (Paris, 1858); "Etudes synthétiques de géologie expérimentale" (Paris, 1879); "Les eaux souterraines" (Paris, 1887); "La classification des météorites du Muséum", and many articles in the "Journal des savants" and the "Revue des deux mondes".
LAPPARENT in Revue des quest. scientifiques, XL, 89; VON ZITTEL, History of Geology and Palæontology (London, 1901); KNELLER, Das Christenthum u. die Vertreter der neueren Naturwissenschaft (Freiburg, 1904), 264.
HENRY M. BROCK
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Gabriel Barletta

From volume 2 of the work.
(Sometimes called Barlete, De Barolo, Barolus)
Preacher, b., according to some, in the Neapolitan territory at Barletta, whence he took his name, or, according to others, at Aquino; d. sometime after 1480. Little is known of his life other than that he was a Dominican and probably a pupil of St. Antoninus. All his contemporaries held him in high esteem as an orator. He was generally proposed, even during his lifetime, as the model orator. After his death his fame did not diminish, if the popular saying which Altamura has preserved for us be a criterion. Throughout Italy it was the common saying: Nescit praedicare qui nescit barlettare. His sermons appeared in two volumes at Brixen in 1497, and have been reprinted very frequently since. Echard says that no less than thirteen editions appeared in eighty years. The best edition is that of Venice (1577), in two volumes.
In form his sermons are nothing else than the ordinary homily on the virtues and vices of life. He spares none of the foibles and weaknesses of his contemporaries, and in his denunciations passages of eloquent and biting sarcasm are often met with. At times he descends to an almost burlesque mimicry, as witness his sermon on the manner in which the rich ecclesiastic says the Lord's prayer. Coarse things are also to be found, but not so frequently as in the printed sermons of some of his rivals. He has been blamed for this coarseness by Bayle and Theophilus Raynaud, but his name has been completely vindicated by Dominic Casales, O.P., in the work "Candor lilii seu Ordo Praedicatorum a calumniis Petri a Valle Clausa [i.e. Theop. Reynaldi] vindicatus". Some maintain (Tubing, Quartalschrift, 1872, II, 270) that Barletta is not the author of the sermons which bear his name. They base their contention on a sentence of Leander Alberti [Descrizzione di tutta Italia (Bologna, 1550), 200], who says that an unskilled youth whom he knew gathered together old and unknown sermons and ascribed them to Barletta. Furthermore, they must have appeared in the vernacular, whilst we know them in the Latin alone. Thus they have suffered many changes and alterations. But up to the seventeenth century there was no question of the authorship. They show sure signs of the times and are not unworthy of his fame. Hence, scholars generally accept them as authentic.
Quetif and Echard, Scriptores Ord. Praed., I, 844, append., II, 823; Tiraboschi, Storia della letteratura italiana, VI, 1124; Paulus in Literarische Beilage der Kolnischen Volkszeitung (1904), No. 10.
THOS. M. SCHWERTNER
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Fussola

From volume 6 of the work.
A titular see in Numidia. It was a fortified town, inhabited for the most part by Donatists and situated forty miles from Hippo. St Augustine appointed as its first Catholic bishop, about 416, a young man named Antonius, who afterwards caused him much anxiety (Ceillier, "Histoire générale des auteurs sacrés et ecclésiastiques", Paris, 1861, Vlll, 11 sqq.). A certain Melior is known to have been bishop in 484 (Gams,( 465, col. 3), and the see still existed in the seventh century (Byzantische Zeitschrift, II, 26). The fortress of Fossala completed the defences of Hippo.
S. VAILHÉ
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Gabala

From volume 6 of the work.
A titular see of Syria Prima. Ten bishops of this city are known between 325 and 553, the most famous being St. Hilary, writer and martyr (fourth century), and Severian, first the friend but later the enemy of St. John Chrysostom (see Echos d'Orient, IV, 15-17; IX, 220). Since the sixth century Gabala has been an exempt archdiocese directly dependent on the Patriarch of Antioch. The diocese is again noticed in the tenth century (Echos d'Orient, X, 97 and 140). When the Arabs took possession of the city in 639, they found there a Byzantine fortress, beside which the Caliph Moaviah erected a second. According to the Arabian geographer Yaqout, the Greeks recovered the city from the Mussulmans in 969, who recaptured it in 1081. the crusaders entered Gabala in 1109, and it was henceforth the seat of a Latin diocese. For the Latin titulars see Le Quien, III, 1169; Ducange, "Les familles d'outre-mer", 795-796, and especially Eubel, I, 267; II, 173. Saladin took the city in 1187, and in 1517 it fell into the hands of the Sultan Selim. Gabala, at present called Djebeleh, is a caza of the vilayet of Beirut, and numbers 3000 inhabitants, all of whom are Mussulmans. There are to be seen here a small harbour, numerous ruins, sepulchral chambers, and ancient Christian chapels hewn in the rock, a Roman theatre, baths and mosques, one of which, formerly the cathedral, contains the tomb of the Sultan Ibrahim-Eddem, who died in 778.
S. VAILHÉ
# Buddenbrooks/Volume 2

THOMAS MANN
BUDDENBROOKS
VOLUME TWO
Translated from the German by H. T. Lowe-Porter
ALFRED • A • KNOPF • NEW YORK 1927
Copyright 1924, by Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.
Published, February, 1924 Second Printing, July, 1924 Third Printing, March, 1927
Manufactured in the United States of America
This work is a translation and has a separate copyright status to the applicable copyright protections of the original content.
# Buddenbrooks/Volume 2/Part 10

PART TEN
# Book of Halloween/Chapter 4

CHAPTER IV
POMONA
Ops was the Latin goddess of plenty. Single parts of her province were taken over by various other divinities, among whom was Pomona (pomorum patrona, "she who cares for fruits"). She is represented as a maiden with fruit in her arms and a pruning-knife in her hand.
"I am the ancient apple-queen. As once I was so am I now— For evermore a hope unseen Betwixt the blossom and the bough.
"Ah, Where's the river's hidden gold! And Where's the windy grave of Troy? Yet come I as I came of old, From out the heart of summer's joy."
Morris: Pomona.
Many Roman poets told stories about her, the ​best known being by Ovid, who says that she was wooed by many orchard-gods, but preferred to remain unmarried. Among her suitors was Vertumnus ("the changer"), the god of the turning year, who had charge of the exchange of trade, the turning of river channels, and chiefly of the change in nature from flower to ripe fruit. True to his character he took many forms to gain Pomona's love. Now he was a ploughman (spring), now a fisherman (summer), now a reaper (autumn).
At last he took the likeness of an old woman (winter), and went to gossip with Pomona. After sounding her mind and finding her averse to marriage, the woman pleaded for Vertumnus's success.
Ovid: Vertumnus and Pomona.
Then the crone told her the story of Anaxarete who was so cold to her lover Iphis that ​he hanged himself, and she at the window watching his funeral train pass by was changed to a marble statue. Advising Pomona to avoid such a fate, Vertumnus donned his proper form, that of a handsome young man, and Pomona, moved by the story and his beauty, yielded and became his wife.
Vertumnus had a statue in the Tuscan Way in Rome, and a temple. His festival, the Vortumnalia, was held on the 23d of August, when the summer began to wane. Garlands and garden produce were offered to him.
Pomona had been assigned one of the fifteen flamina, priests whose duty it was to kindle the fire for special sacrifices. She had a grove near Ostia where a harvest festival was held about November first. Not much is known of the ceremonies, but from the similar August holiday much may be deduced. Then the deities of fire and water were propitiated that their disfavor might not ruin the crops. On Pomona's day doubtless thanks was rendered them for their aid to the harvest. An offering of first-fruits was ​made in August; in November the winter store of nuts and apples was opened. The horses released from toil contended in races.
From Pomona's festival nuts and apples, from the Druidic Samhain the supernatural element, combined to give later generations the charms and omens from nuts and apples which are made trial of at Hallowe'en.
# Book of Halloween/Chapter 6

CHAPTER VI
ORIGIN AND CHARACTER OF HALLOWE'EN OMENS
The custom of making tests to learn the future comes from the old system of augury from sacrifice. Who sees in the nuts thrown into the fire, turning in the heat, blazing and growing black, the writhing victim of an old-time sacrifice to an idol?
Many superstitions and charms were believed to be active at any time, but all those and numerous special ones worked best on November Eve. All the tests of all the Celtic festivals have been allotted to Hallowe'en. Cakes from the May Eve fire, hemp-seed and prophetic dreams from Midsummer, games and sports from Lugnasad have survived in varied forms.
Tests are very often tried blindfold, so that the seeker may be guided by fate. Many are ​mystic—to evoke apparitions from the past or future. Others are tried with harvest grains and fruits. Because skill and undivided attention is needed to carry them through successfully, many have degenerated into mere contests of skill, have lost their meaning, and become rough games.
In Hallowe'en Time
# Boise Artesian Hot & Cold Water Company v. Boise City

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
230 U.S. 84
Boise Artesian Hot & Cold Water Company v. Boise City
Argued: May 7 and 8, 1913. --- Decided: June 16, 1913
Messrs. Richard H. Johnson and Richard Z. Johnson for the Boise Artesian Hot & Cold Water Company.
[Argument of Counsel from page 85 intentionally omitted]
Messrs. Charles C. Cavanah, Charles F. Reddoch, John J. Blake, and John F. MacLane for Boise City.
Mr. Justice Lurton delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Bokulich v. Jury Commission of Greene County

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
394 U.S. 97
Bokulich v. Jury Commission of Greene County
Morton Stavis, Arthur Kinoy, William T. Kunstler, Donald A. Jelinek and Alvin Bronstein, for appellants.
MacDonald Gallion, Atty. Gen. of Alabama, and Robert P. Bradley, Asst. Atty. Gen., for appellees.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Boil it down

* "Boil it down" (1875), published in the Manitoba Free Press, June 5, 1875.
* "Boil it down" (1924), published in Treasure Trove.
# Boil it down (1875)

In Manitoba Free Press, June 5, 1875, page 1
Whatever you have to say, my friend, Whether witty or grave or gay, Condense as much as ever you can, And say it the readiest way; And whether you write of rural affairs Or of matter and things in town, Just take a word of friendly advice— Boil it down.
For if you go spluttering over a page, When a couple of lines would do, Your butter is spread so much, you see, That the bread looks plainly through; So, when you have a story to tell And would like a little renown, To make quite sure of your wish, my friend, Boil it down.
When writing an article for the press, Whether prose or verse, just try To settle your thoughts to the fewest words And let them be crisp and dry; And when it is finished and you suppose It is done exactly brown, Just look it over again and then Boil it down.
For editors do not like to print An article lazily long, And the general reader does not care For a couple of yards of song; So gather your wits in the smallest space, And if you want a little renown, And every time you write, my friend, Boil it down.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Boil it down (1924)

Appeared in Treasure Trove, p. 115, London, 1924
If you've got a thought that's happy, Boil it down. Make it short and crisp and snappy, Boil it down.
When your brain its coin has minted, Down the page your pen has sprinted, If you want your effort printed, Boil it down.
Take out every surplus letter, Boil it down. Fewer syllables the better, Boil it down.
Make your meaning plain.
Express it so we'll know not merely guess it;
then my friend ere you address it, Boil it down.
Cut out all the extra trimmings, Boil it down. Skim it well, then skim the skimmings, Boil it down.
When you're sure 'twould be a sin to Cut another sentence into, send it on, and we'll begin to, BOIL IT DOWN!
This work was published in 1924 and is anonymous or pseudonymous due to unknown authorship. It is in the public domain in the United States as well as countries and areas where the copyright terms of anonymous or pseudonymous works are 99 years or less since publication.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Boire v. Greyhound Corporation

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
376 U.S. 473
Boire v. Greyhound Corporation
Argued: Feb. 17, 1964. --- Decided: March 23, 1964
Norton J. Come, Washington, D.C., for petitioner.
Warren E. Hall, Jr., Bartow, Fla., for respondent.
Mr. Justice STEWART delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Boise Artesian Hot and Cold Water Company v. Boise City

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
213 U.S. 276
Boise Artesian Hot Cold Water Company Limited v. Boise City
Argued: March 17, 1909. --- Decided: April 5, 1909
Messrs. Richard H. Johnson, Richard Z. Johnson, and Edgar Wilson for appellant.
[Argument of Counsel from page 277 intentionally omitted]
Messrs. William E. Borah, Charles M. Kahn, Charles P. McCarthy, John J. Blake, and Charles C. Cavanah for appellee.
[Argument of Counsel from page 278 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice Moody delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Caldwell v. Sioux Falls Stock Yards Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
242 U.S. 559
Caldwell v. Sioux Falls Stock Yards Company
Argued: October 16 and 17, 1916. --- Decided: January 22, 1917
Mr. Clarence C. Caldwell, Attorney General of South Dakota, in propria persona, and Mr. Byron S. Payne for appellants.
Messrs. George J. Danforth, Hugh S. Gamble, Frank McLaughlin, and Edward E. Wagner for appellees.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 560-561 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice McKenna delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Caldwell v. State of Texas (141 U.S. 209)

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
141 U.S. 209
Caldwell v. State of Texas
J. S. Hogg Atty. Gen., and R. H. Harrison, Asst. Atty. Gen., for the state.
J. Randolph Burns and A. H. Garland, opposed.
The writ of error in this case was dismissed January 12, 1891. Cald well v. Texas, 137 U.S. 692, 11 Sup. Ct. Rep. 224. Plaintiff in error applied for a rehearing upon the ground that no notice had been given of the motion to dismiss. The record here showed that a motion to advance and a motion to dismiss were submitted on December 15, 1890, and the order in relation to the latter motion stated that it was submitted on the record and printed arguments of counsel for both parties. An extended printed argument on the merits had been previously filed on behalf of plaintiff in error, as well as the written consent of his counsel that the cause might be advanced, but from the This was accordingly done, but for rehearing it appeared that through some inadvertence the notice of the motion to dismiss had not in fact been given. We therefore directed the judgment to be vacated and notice to be served, returnable on the second Monday in April, the motion to be then considered upon such additional printed briefs as might be presented. This was accordingly done, bot no further briefs were filed, and on April 14th suggestion of illness of counsel was made, and the time twice enlarged. On the 11th of May the case was taken on resubmission; and a request having been made that the cause be continued to next term, or that other counsel be assigned to represent plaintiff in error, other counsel has examined the record and filed an additional brief.
Mr. Augustus H. Garland, at the request of the court, prepared and filed the following brief on behalf of the plaintiff in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 210-211 intentionally omitted]
FULLER, C. J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Caldwell v. State of Texas

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Caldwell v. State of Texas."
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This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Caldwell v. State of Texas (137 U.S. 692)
* Caldwell v. State of Texas (141 U.S. 209)
# Caldwell v. State of Texas (141 U.S. 209)/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
141 U.S. 209
Caldwell v. State of Texas
We have again considered the case, but see no reason to change the conclusion heretofore announced. The writ of error will therefore be dismissed.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse