OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Sts. Peter Baptist and Twenty-five Companions

From volume 11 of the work.
Died at Nagasaki, 5 Feb., 1597. In 1593 while negotiations were pending between the Emperor of Japan and the Governor of the Philippine Islands, the latter sent Peter Baptist and several other Franciscans as his ambassadors to Japan. They were well received by the emperor, and were able to establish convents, schools, and hospitals, and effect many conversions. When on 20 Oct., 1596, a Spanish vessel of war, the "San Felipe", was stranded on the isle of Tosa, it became, according to Japanese custom, the property of the emperor. The captain was foolish enough to extol the power of the king, and said that the missionaries had been sent to prepare for the conquest of the country. The emperor became furious, and on 9 Dex., 1596, ordered the missionaries to be imprisoned. On 5 Feb., 1597, six friars belonging to the First Order St. Francis (Peter Baptist, Martin of the Ascension, Francis Blanco, priests; Philip of Jesus, cleric; Gonsalvo Garzia, Francis of St. Michael, laybrothers), three Japanese Jesuits (Paul Miki, John Goto, James Kisai) and seventeen native Franciscan Tertiaries were crucified. They were beatified 14 Sept., 1627, by Urban VIII, and canonized 8 June, 1862, by Pius IX.
LEON, Lives of the Saints and Blessed of the Three Orders of St. Francis, I (Taunton, 1885), 169-223; WADDING, Ann. Min., 98-104, 261-81; Acta SS., Feb., I, 79-770; INES, Cronica de la provincia de San Gregorio Magno de Religiosos Descalzos de N.S.P. San Francisco en las islas Filipinas, China, Japon etc., I (Manila, 1892); MARTINEZ, Compendio historico de la apostolica provincia de San Gregorio de Filipinas (Madrid, 1756); BOUIX, Histoire des 26 martyrs du Jaon crucifies a Nangasaqui (Paris, Lyons, 1682); DEPLACE, Le Catholicisme au Japon; II, L'Ere des Martyres 1593-1660 (Brussels, 1909).
Ferdinand Heckmann.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Sts. Protus and Hyacinth

From volume 12 of the work.
Martyrs during the persecution of Valerian (257-9). The day of their annual commemoration is mentioned in the "Depositio Martyrum" in the chronographia for 354 (Ruinart, "Acta martyrum", ed. Tatisbon, 632) under 11 September. The chronographia also mentions their graves, in the Coemeterium of Basilla on the Via Salaria, later the Catacomb of St. Hermes. The Itineraries and other early authorities likewise give this place of burial (De Rossi, "Roma sotterranea", I, 176-7). In 1845 Father Marchi discovered the still undisturbed grave of St. Hyacinth in a crypt of the above- mentioned catacomb. It was a small square niche in which lay the ashes and pieces of burned bone wrapped in the remains of costly stuffs (Marchi, "Monumenti primitivi: I, Architettura della Roma sotterranea cristina", Rome, 1844, 238 sqq., 264 sqq.). Evidently the saint had been burnt; most probably both martyrs had suffered death by fire. The niche was closed by a marble slab similar to that used to close a loculus, and bearing the original inscription that confirmed the date in the old Martyrology:
   D P III IDUS SEPTEBR
   YACINTHUS
   MARTYR (Buried on 11 September Hyacinthus Martyr).
In the same chamber were found fragments of an architrave belonging to some later decoration, with the words:
   . . . S E P U L C R U M P R O T I M(artyris) . . . (Grave of the Martyr Protus)
Thus both martyrs were buried in the same crypt. Pope Damasus wrote an epitaph in honour of the two martyrs, part of which still exists (Ihm, "Damasi epigrammata", 52, 49). In the epitaph Damasus calls Protus and Hyacinth brothers. When Leo IV (847-55) translated the bones of a large number of Roman martyrs to the churches of Rome, the relics of these two saints were to be translated also; but, probably on account of the devastation of the burial chamber, only the grave of St. Protus was found. His bones were transferred to San Salvatore on the Palatine. The remains of St. Hyacinth were placed (1849) in the chapel of the Propaganda. Later the tombs of the two saints and a stairway built at the end of the fourth century were discovered and restored.
ALLARD, Rome souterraine (2nd ed., Paris, 1877), 529 sqq.; MARUCCHI, Les catacombes romaines (2nd ed., Rome, 1903), 480 sqq.; Nuovo Bull. di arch. crist. (1895), 11 sqq.; (1898), 77 sqq.; Bibliotheca hagiographica latina, II, 1015; DUFOURCQ, Les Gesta martyrum romains, I, 222sq.
J.P. KIRSCH
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Sts. Nabor and Felix

From volume 10 of the work.
Martyrs during the persecution of Diocletian (303). The relics of these holy witnesses to the faith rest in Milan, where a church has been erected over their tomb. St. Ambrose extolled the virtues of these two martyrs. In later times, legendary Acts of these saints have appeared, which are imitated from the Acts of other martyrs (Victor, Firmus, and Rusticus). According to these legends, which are without historical value, Nabor and Felix were soldiers in the army of the Maximian Herculeus, and were condemned to death in Milan and beheaded in Lodi. Their feast is celebrated on 12 July.
J.P. KIRSCH
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Sts. Quiricus and Julitta

From volume 12 of the work.
Martyred under Diocletian. The names of these two martyrs, who in the early Church enjoyed a widespread veneration, are found in the "Martyrologium Hieronymianum" (ed. De Rossi-Duchesne, 79) and also in the calendars and menologies of the Greek and other Oriental Churches. According to the Acts of their martyrdom, which appeared later, and a letter of the sixth century, Julitta fled with her three-months-old child, Quiricus, from Lycaonia, when the Maximinian persecution broke out there, to Isauria and thence to Tarsus in Cilicia. She suffered martyrdom in the last-named city after her child had first been killed before her eyes. The veneration of the two martyrs was common in the West at an early date, as is proved by the chapel dedicated to them in the Church of Santa Maria Antiqua at Rome, as well as by testimony from Gaul. Their relics are said to have been brought to the monastery of Saint-Amand (Elnonense monasterium) in the Diocese of Tournai. The feast is observed on 16 June; in the Synaxarium of Constantinople it is set under the date of 15 July.
J.P. KIRSCH
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Sts. Mark and Marcellian

From volume 9 of the work.
Martyred at Rome under Diocletian towards the end of the third century, most likely in 286. These martyrs, who were brothers, are mentioned in most of the ancient martyrologies on 18 June, and their martyrdom is known to us from the Acts of St. Sebastian, which, though in great part legendary, are nevertheless very ancient. Cast into prison for being Christians, they were visited by their father and mother, Tranquillinus and Martia, who, being still idolaters, implored them to return to the worship of the false gods to save their lives. But Sebastian, whose approaching martyrdom was to render him illustrious, having penetrated into their prison at the same time, exhorted them so earnestly not to abandon the Christian Faith, that he not only rendered their fidelity immovable, but also converted their parents and several of their friends who were present. The judge, before whom they were at length brought, not being able to induce them to apostatize, condemned them to death. They were buried in the Via Ardeatina, near the cemetery of Domitilla. Their bodies were translated at a later date (which is not quite certain, but probably in the ninth century) to the church of Sts. Cosmas and Damian, where they were rediscovered in 1583 in the reign of Gregory XIII. They still rest there in a tomb, near which may be seen an ancient painting wherein the two martyrs are represented with a third person who seems be the Blessed Virgin.
LÉON CLUGNET
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Sts. Quinctianus

From volume 12 of the work.
(1) Under the date 1 April the present "Roman Martyrology" mentions a saint of this name, together with a companion named Irenæus. In the "Martyrologium Hieronymianum" the same saint is mentioned with three companions under the same date, the topographical note "in Asia Minor" being appended [ed. De Rossi-Duschesne (38)]. We have no further information concerning these martyrs.
(2) A bishop Quinctianus, probably identical with the "episcopus Urcitanus", suffered martyrdom with several other confessors in Africa during the persecution under the Vandal king, Huneric (476-84), as related by Victor Vitensis ("De persecutione Vandalica", I, xxix; II, xxviii; ed. Halm in "Mon. Germ. Hist.: Auct. antiq." I, 8, 18). His feast is celebrated on 23 May. In the "Martyrologium Hieronymianum" several other African martyrs of this name are mentioned on various other days, but nothing further is known of them.
(3) A long list of Christian martyrs from Catania in Sicily are found in the above-mentioned martyrology [ed. cit., (3)], and also in the present "Roman Martyrology" on 31 December; among these occurs the name of a Saint Quinctianus. Concerning this whole group, however, we have no historical information.
(4) In the list of Roman confessors who languished in prison during the Decian persecution (A.D. 250) a certain Quinctianus also occurs ("Epist. Luciani ad Celerinum" inter Epist. Cyrpriani, XXII, iii; ed. Hartel, II, 535).
(5) The Synod of Agde (506) was attended by a Quinctianus, then Bishop of Rodez. A native of Africa, he had fled from the Arians to Gaul, and been appointed Bishop of Rodez. During the war between the Franks and the West Goths, he was a zealous supporter of Chlodwig I. He was, therefore, compelled to leave the territory of the West Goths, and proceeded to Auvergne, where he was hospitably received by Bishop Euphrasius. King Theodoric I appointed Quinctianus successor to St. Appolinarius, Bishop of Clermont. On the death of the latter, Quinctianus succeeded to the See of Clermont, which he occupied until his death on 13 November, 525 or 526. His feast is celebrated on this date, except at Rodez, where it is kept on 14 June. In the "Roman Martyrology" his name stands under both dates.
J.P. KIRSCH
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Browne, Charles Alfred

Layout 2
​BROWNE, CHARLES ALFRED (1802–1866)
Son of William Loder Browne: born Dec, 1802: was a Midshipman, R.N: educated at Addiscombe: joined the Madras Army, 1820: in 15th and 12th regts.: examiner in Hindustani and Persian: Military Secretary to Government, Madras, 1857: Adjutant-General: commanded at Nagpur, 1862: commanded the N. Division, Madras Army, 1863: retired, 1864: wrote a Persian grammar: established, 1833, Sunday schools at Madras and the Black Town, the first in the Madras Presidency: died Feb. 14, 1866.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Bruce, John

Layout 2
​BRUCE, JOHN (1745–1826)
Historian: educated at Edinburgh University, and Professor of Logic there: appointed Keeper of the State Paper Office, and Historiographer of the E. I. Co.: M.P. for a borough in Cornwall, 1809–14: and for a short time Secretary of the Board of Commissioners for the affairs of India, i.e. the Board of Control: F.R.S: died April 16, 1826. He wrote on philosophy as well as history: his chief works relating to India were Historical View of Plans for the Government of British India, 1793: Annals of the E. I. Co. from their establishment by the Charter of Queen Elizabeth, 1600, to the Union of the London and English E. I. Companies, 1707–8, 1810: Report on the Renewal of the E. I. Co.'s exclusive Privileges of Trade for 20 years from March 1794–1811.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Browne, Sir Thomas Gore

* related portals: Thomas Gore Browne.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
Layout 2
​BROWNE, SIR THOMAS GORE (1807–1887)
Son of Robert Browne: born July 3, 1807: entered the Army 1824: in the campaign, in 1842, of the first Afghan war commanded his regiment as Major: was in the repulse of Haikalzai, at Kandahar, Kabul and Istalif, and through the Khyber to India: C.B., 1843: was Governor of St. Helena, New Zealand, ​Tasmania, Bermuda: K.C.M.G., 1869: died April 17, 1887.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Bruce, Sir Henry Le Geyt

Layout 2
​BRUCE, SIR HENRY LE GEYT (1824–1899)
Entered the Army 1842, in the Bengal Artillery: in the Gwalior campaign, at Maharajpur: in the Satlaj campaign, 1845–6: at Badiwal, Aliwal, Sobraon: in the Panjab campaign, 1848–9; at Sadulapur, Chilianwala, Gujarat: in the mutiny at the second relief of Lucknow, at Cawnpur and many engagements: C.B. 1875: retired as Lt-General, 1878: K.C.B.: 1898: died April 15, 1899.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Browne, Sir James

Layout 2
​BROWNE, SIR JAMES (1839–1896)
Born Sep. 16, 1839: son of Robert Browne: educated at Cheltenham and Addiscombe: appointed to the Bengal Engineers, 1857: served in the N.W. Frontier campaign against the Mahsud-Waziris, 1860, in the Umbeyla campaign, 1863: Executive Engineer in the Panjab: in 1876 surveyed for a railway from Sukkur to Quetta: Political Officer at Quetta: in the Afghan war, 1878–9, Political with Sir D. Stewart's advance to Kandahar: C.S.I. 1879: in Egypt, in 1882, commanded the Royal Engineers of the Indian Contingent: at Tel-el-Kebir: C.B. 1882: superintended the construction of the Indus bridge, 1875: Engineer in Chief of the Sind-Peshin railway, 1883–7: Q.M.G. in India, 1889–90: Chief Commissioner of British Beluchistan, March, 1892: died there, June 13, 1896: K.C.S.I: General.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Bruce, Richard Isaac

Layout 2
​BRUCE, RICHARD ISAAC (1840–)
Born 1840: son of Jonathan Bruce: served in the Afghan war, 1878–9: on the N.W. Frontier of India: at Daulatzai, 1884: in the Zhob Valley expedition, 1890: co-operated in the opening of the Gomal Pass, 1890: British Commissioner of the Afghan-Waziristan Delimitation Commission, 1894: at Wano, 1894: in Waziristan, 1894–5: a Commissioner in the Panjab: author of a Gazetteer of Dera Ghazi Khan, and a manual of Beluchi: a History of the Marri-Beluch tribe: of The Forward Policy and its Results.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Browne, James

Layout 2
​BROWNE, JAMES ( ? - ? )
Major: in the E. I. Co.'s service, temp. Warren Hastings: Collector of the Jungleterry districts, 1773: had difficult work in administering the country and settling disturbances: sent by the Council on an embassy to Shah Alamat Delhi to negotiate with him for assistance against the Sikhs: Resident at Delhi, 1782: recalled, when Warren Hastings left for England, 1785: published, in 1787, his Indian Tracts, which, he says, were written by order of Hastings, describing the Jungleterry districts, and giving an account of the Sikhs.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Browne, Sir Samuel

* related portals: Samuel James Browne.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
Layout 2
​BROWNE, SIR SAMUEL (1824–1901)
Son of James Browne, M.D: born Oct. 13, 1824: entered the Bengal Army, 1840: in the Panjab campaign of 1848–49: at Chilianwala and Gujarat: in the mutiny, with the 2nd Panjab cavalry, in the movable column of the Panjab: under Sir Colin Campbell in Oudh, lost an arm: gained the V.C: for his action at Nuria, near Philibhit, when he attacked the rebels, and was severely wounded in hand-to-hand fight: commanded the Guides in 1864: accompanied H.R.H. the Prince of Wales on his Indian tour, 1875–6: K,C.S.I.: Military Member of the Supreme Council, Aug. 9 to Nov. 5, 1878: commanded the first Division of the Peshawar Field Force, in the Afghan war, 1878–9: captured Ali Masjid, occupied Jalalabad: K.C.B: retired, 1879: General: G.C.B., 1901: died March 14, 1901: he invented the military sword belt, called after him.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Brownlow, Sir Charles Henry

Layout 2
​BROWNLOW, SIR CHARLES HENRY (1831–)
Born 1831: son of Colonel George A. Brownlow: entered the Indian Army: served in the Panjab campaign, 1848: Hazara, 1852–3: Mohmand expedition, 1854 (severely wounded): Yusafzai expedition, 1858: China war, 1860: Umbeyla campaign, 1863: C.B.: Hazara, 1868: commanded the Southern column, Lushai expedition, 1871–2: K.C.B.: A.D.C. to the Queen, 1869–81: Assistant Military Secretary at Horse Guards, 1879–80: G.C.B. 1887: retired.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Bruce, Charles Alexander

Layout 2
​BRUCE, CHARLES ALEXANDER (1793–1871)
Born Jan. 11, 1793: at Jorehat, Assam: was the first explorer of tea tracts in Assam, and discoverer of the indigenous tea plant in Assam: was appointed Superintendent of Tea cultivation under the Government of India until the tea industry was adopted by private enterprise, as stated on a memorial tablet to him in the Church at Tezpur: wrote a report on the manufacture of tea, and on the export and produce of the tea plantations in Assam, 1839: died April 23, 1871.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Avery, John

​AVERY, JOHN? (fl. 1695), was a pirate, whose depredations in the Eastern seas, in the year 1695, occasioned much embarrassment to the East India Company and to the government. Having fitted out in the West Indies a ship mounting 46 guns, and with a motley crew of 130 men, he established himself at Perim and levied toll on all vessels passing in or out of the Red Sea, and especially on a large ship belonging to the Mogul himself, which he taxed to the extent of upwards of 300,000l. The Mogul retaliated on the company's officers at Surat, and put a stop to the English trade; but Avery, satisfied, for the time being, with his booty, and perhaps anticipating danger, returned to the West Indies, sold his ship, and dispersed the crew. Several of these were afterwards caught in Ireland or England, and some were executed; but of Avery himself—notwithstanding large rewards offered for his apprehension by both the government and the company—nothing was ever positively known. The received story is that he was a native of Plymouth; that, on his return to England, he lived for some time at Bideford; and that, having been cheated out of his vast wealth by some Bristol merchants, he died there, of rage and vexation, in extreme poverty. But the authority for these statements is extremely doubtful.
[John Bruce's Annals of the Hon. East India Company, vol. iii. pp. 188-223; Hamilton's New Account of the East Indies (1727), vol. i. p. 42; Captain Johnson's General History of the Pyrates (1724), p. 45, &c. Other and more detailed accounts—e.g. 'The Life and Adventures of Captain John Avery... now in possession of Madagascar, written by a person who made his escape from thence (1700);' or, 'The King of Pirates, being an account of the famous enterprizes of Captain Avery, the mock king of Madagascar, in two letters from himself (1720), which has been attributed to Defoe—are fiction, with scarcely a substratum of fact.]
J. K. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Aylesbury, Thomas (1576-1657)

​AYLESBURY, Sir THOMAS (1576–1657), a patron of mathematical learning, was born in London in 1576, the second son of William Aylesbury and Anne Poole, his wife. Of his father's position nothing is known beyond the fact mentioned by Lloyd (Memoirs (1677), p. 699), that his ancestors were high sheriffs of Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire in the reigns of the second and third Edwards. From Westminster School Aylesbury passed in 1598 to Christ Church, Oxford, where he took the degrees of B.A. and M.A. in 1602 and 1605 respectively. His strict application to study, especially of a mathematical kind, brought him into favourable notice; and on quitting college he was appointed secretary to the Earl of Nottingham, lord high admiral of England. So well did he use the opportunities both of improvement and distinction offered by this post, that he was continued in it by Buckingham, Nottingham's successor (1618), who befriended him actively, procuring for him the additional offices of one of the masters of requests and master of the mint, with (19 April 1627) the title of baronet. This prosperity enabled him to exercise the utmost liberality towards men of learning. To the indigent he allowed regular pensions, or maintained them at his country seat in Windsor Park, while many more enjoyed his patronage and the hospitality of his table in London. Amongst his dependants were Thomas Warner, a mathematician, who at his request wrote a treatise on coins and coinage; Thomas Allen, of Oxford, whom he recommended to Buckingham, and who made him the depositary of his astrological writings; and the celebrated Thomas Harriot, who bequeathed to him, with Viscount Lisle and Robert Sidney, the whole of his valuable papers. Many of these, with other precious manuscripts and rare books collected by or bestowed upon him, were either lost during the civil war, or sold in Aylesbury's time of distress abroad. For in 1642 he was, as a steady royalist, stripped of his fortune and places, and on the death of the king retired with his family to Antwerp, whence he removed in 1652 to Breda, and there died in 1657 at the age of 81. He was, Anthony à Wood says, 'a learned man, and as great a lover and encourager of learning and learned men, especially of mathematicians (he being one himself), as any man in his time.' He had issue one son, William Aylesbury, and a daughter Frances, married to the great Earl of Clarendon, by whom she became the mother of Anne Hyde, first wife of James II., and mother of the two queens, Mary and Anne.
[Biog. Brit. (1747), i. 308; Wood, Fasti Oxon. i. 306; Archaeologia, xxxii. 142.]
A. M. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Avison, Charles

​AVISON, CHARLES (1710?–1770), musician, born at Newcastle, studied music in Italy, and on his return to England became a pupil of Geminiani. In 1736 he was appointed organist of St. Nicholas, at Newcastle, in which town he spent the remainder of his life. In 1752 he published his celebrated 'Essay on Musical Expression,' a work which created at the time considerable sensation by the boldness the author displayed in acknowledging his preference for the French and Italian school, and depreciating the Germans, with Handel at their head. The essay was translated into German, and was answered in 1753 by Dr. Hayes's 'Remarks on Mr. Avison's Essay,' which was published anonymously, though the name of the author was an open secret. Avison replied in the same year, but it was generally considered that Hayes had the best of the argument, although Avison's work was superior from a literary point of view. Avison died at Newcastle 9 May 1770, Besides his essay he published several sets of sonatas and concertos, some of which long continued popular, and he also edited an edition in eight volumes of Marcello's Psalms, A life by Avison is prefixed to the first. Very little is known of his life, but he had the reputation of being a man of great culture and polish, and for many years was the chief of a small circle of musical amateurs in the north of England who were devoted to his views,
[Hawkins's History of Music, vol.ii. (ed, 1875); the Georgian Era, vol. iii, 1834; Gent. Mag. for 1808; article by E. Taylor in S. D, U. K. Dictionary.]
W. B. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Awdelay, John (fl.1426)

​AWDELAY, JOHN (fl. 1426), was a canon of the monastery of Haghmon, ​Shropshire, in the early part of the fifteenth century. He wrote some verses, chiefly devotional, which are preserved among the Douce MSS. in the Bodleian Library. A selection from these pieces was made by Mr. J. O. Halliwell in 1844 for the Percy Society. The author describes himself as deaf and blind. Judged by his writings, he seems to have been of an unworldly and devout character. The verses have some interest as being early specimens of the Salopian dialect.
[Percy Society Publications, 1844.]
A. H. B.