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# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Flavio Biondo

From volume 2 of the work.
A distinguished Italian archæologist and historian, b. at Forli in 1388; d. at Rome in 1463. He was the founder of the science of archælogy and of Christian and medieval topography. He studied under Ballistario of Cremona and was remarkable for learning even in his youth. He lived for some time at Milan, where he discovered and copied the only manuscript of Cicero's dialogue "Brutus". In 1432 he became secretary to Pope Eugenius IV, who was afterwards driven out of Rome. Biondo accompanied the pope in his exile, was his secretary at Ferrara and Florence, and returned to Rome with him. Later he served in the same capacity under Popes Nicholas V, Calixtus III, and Pius II. An earnest student of antiquities and a man of wonderful erudition, he applied himself with indefatigable industry to the task of collecting materials for his historical archaeological and topographical works. He gathered his materials from original sources. Biondo was the author of three encyclopedias, which have formed the basis of all subsequent dictionaries of Roman archæology and antiquities. His works, which were edited after his death by his sons, include: "Romæ Instauratæ Libri Tres" (1482), dedicated to Pope Eugenius IV, a valuable study of the ancient monuments of Rome, the first attempt at a topographical description of the city, giving also a complete list of the principal Christian churches and chapels, when and by whom built, etc.; "Romæ Triumphantis Libri Decem" (1482), dedicated to Pius II, a study of the institutions and customs of the ancient Romans; "Italia Illustrata" (1474), a description of Italy in fourteen regions, with an accurate list of the cities, etc. Biondo's historical researches bore fruit in a great work entitled "Historiarum ab Inclinatione Romanorum Imperii, Decades III, Libri XXXI" (Venice, 1483), covering the period from the fall of the Roman Empire to the author's own time (1440). The work was divided into decades, but Biondo's death prevented him from completing the vast undertaking after he had written three decades and the first book of the fourth.
GREGOROVIUS, Rome in the Middle Ages, tr. HAMILTON (London, 1900), VII, Pt. II, 603 sqq.; PASTOR, The History of the Popes, tr. and ed. ANTROBUS (London, 1891); MASIUS, Flavio Biondo, sein Leben und Seine Werke (Leipzig, 1879).
EDMUND BURKE
# Cerecedo v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
239 U.S. 1
Cerecedo v. United States
Argued: and submitted October 13, 1915. --- Decided: October 25, 1915
Messrs. Paul Fuller and Howard Thayer Kingsbury for plaintiffs in error.
Assistant Attorney General Warren and Solicitor General Davis for defendant in error.
Memorandum opinion by Mr. Chief Justice White, by direction of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Certification of an Act of the Maryland Legislature by Governor John Eager Howard

Source: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration
I John Eager Howard Governor of the State of Maryland, do certify that the aforegoing is a true copy of an Act of the Legislature of this State passed at a session of assembly held in November last In Testimony whereof I have caused the great Seal of the State to be affixed this thirteenth day of February in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty nine
J.E. Howard
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Ceremonies in Memory of the Pioneer Missionary Rev. Hiram Bingham

1905
This is a small pamphlet that accompanied the unveiling of the memorial honoring Hiram Bingham I at Punahou School in Hawaii. Contributors are urged to pull the text from the pamphlet and work the improper character recognition.
The text is available by clicking on the footnote on the previous page. Below is an excerpt:
When Boki gave Punahou to Mr. Bingham he gave it to the right man, but he did not probably imagine what he was doing for education in Hawaii and for the benefit, of his country. If he had given it to the wrong man, Punahou would have existed under another name, perhaps on the slopes of Punchbowl or somewhere else in the suburbs of Honolulu and might at this time be merely holding its own, while the Punahou grounds would be at the present time cut up into house lots. But this gift, passed over by Mr. Bingham to the cause of education, has been a liberal endowment of the institution which has been a prominent reason of its successful growth.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Certified Credit Corporation v. Bowers/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
375 U.S. 84
Certified Credit Corporation v. Bowers
The motion to dismiss is granted and the appeal is dismissed for want of a substantial federal question.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Certified Credit Corporation v. Bowers

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
375 U.S. 84
Certified Credit Corporation v. Bowers
Robert L. Barton, Joseph B. DeVennish and Joseph R. Hague, for appellant.
William B. Saxbe, Atty. Gen. of Ohio, and Daronne R. Tate, Asst. Atty. Gen., for appellee.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Cerecedo v. United States/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
239 U.S. 1
Cerecedo v. United States
Argued: and submitted October 13, 1915. --- Decided: October 25, 1915
The plaintiffs in error prosecute this writ under the assumption that the court below denied rights asserted by them under the Constitution, by refusing, as prayed, to return papers taken from them under a search warrant, and in permitting the papers over objection to be offered in evidence. There is no bill of exceptions in the record, and nothing which enables us to lawfully ascertain the existence of the constitutional questions relied upon. Clune v. United States, 159 U.S. 590, 40 L. ed. 269, 16 Sup. Ct. Rep. 125; Metropolitan R. Co. v. District of Columbia (Metropolitan R. Co. v. Macfarland) 195 U.S. 322, 49 L. ed. 219, 25 Sup. Ct. Rep. 28; Porto Rico v. Emmanuel, 235 U.S. 251, 255, 59 L. ed. 215, 217, 35 Sup. Ct. Rep. 33.
There is nothing, therefore, before us unless there be merit in contentions to the contrary which are pressed and which we briefly dispose of. First: On the face of things it is obvious that the postponing at the last term of the consideration of a motion to dismiss was not a decision of the question of power to review. Second: Even indulging, for the sake of the argument only, in the assumption of the correctness of the proposition urged that an extraordinary discretion might exist in some extreme case to supply the entire absence of a bill of exceptions, we see no ground whatever for the premise that this is a case of that character.
Dismissed for want of jurisdiction.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Heber MacMahon

From volume 16 of the work.
(Also EMER or EVER).
Bishop of Clogher, Ireland, and patriotic leader, born at Farney, County Monaghan, 1600; executed at Enniskillen in 1650; son of Turlogh MacMahon and his wife Eva O'Neill, and nephew of Sir Patrick MacArt MacMahon. His family, having become impoverished by a bill of attainder confiscating the land of those who had struggled for Ireland's liberty, withdrew to Killybegs, and Heber received his early education in the Franciscan convent at Donegal, some twenty miles away. He went to the Irish College at Douai in 1617 and later to Louvain, where he studied under Hugh MacCaghwell, was ordained in 1625, after which he returned to the Diocese of Clogher. He laboured there for some years with great zeal and fruit among his flock who had been despoiled of their lands, robbed of their churches, and forced to worship secretly in the mountains, and soon he was appointed vicar-general. On 10 Feb., 1642, he was nominated to the See of Down and Connor and was present at the Synod of Kells in that year. Before his consecration, however, he was transferred to Clogher, 2 June, 1643. When the struggle for freedom began in 1641 he became a steadfast adherent of Owen Roe O'Neill, and energetically supported the papal envoys, Scarampi in 1643 and Rinuccini in 1645, in opposition to Ormonde and the majority of the Supreme Council of the Irish, whom he believed to be sacrificing the interests of religion for the sake of peace. In 1647 the opponents of Rinuccini endeavoured to get rid of MacMahon by sending him on a mission to France, which, however, he refused to accept. In April, 1648, he condemned the truce with Inchiquin as inimical to the Catholics of Ireland. Finding his efforts fruitless he withdrew with Owen Roe O'Neill to Ulster, whereupon they were proclaimed traitors to Ireland by the Supreme Council. In 1649 he was captured by Sir Phelim O'Neill and imprisoned, but escaped shortly afterwards. In October, 1649, Ormonde and Owen Roe O'Neill made peace, the better to resist the Cromwellian invasion. In March, 1650, MacMahon was chosen to lead the Ulster forces, O'Neill having died some months earlier. Encouraged by some early successes he risked a serious conflict with the English army under Sir Charles Coote at Scariffhollis, County Donegal, on 21 June, 1650, was defeated and captured two days later near Omagh, and though promised quarter was shortly afterwards put to death by Coote, despite the efforts made by Major-general King, governor of Enniskillen, to obtain a commutation of the death sentence. His head was stuck on a spike at Enniskillen Castle and his trunk buried by some Catholics on Devenish Island, with the permission of Governor King.
MEEHAN, Irish Franciscan Monasteries (Dublin, 1870), 234-52; BRADY, Episcopal Succession in England, Ireland and Scotland, I (Rome, 1876); MORAN, Spicilegium Ossoriense, I, II (Dublin, 1874-81); BAGWELL in Dict. Nat. Biog., s.v.
A. A. MacErlean.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Hector Berlioz

From volume 2 of the work.
French composer, b. at La Côte Saint-André, near Grenoble, 11 December, 1803; d. at Paris, 8 March, 1869. His father, a physician, wished Hector to follow his own profession, and for that purpose sent him to the Medical School in Paris. Young Berlioz soon changed the dissecting room for the library of the Conservatoire, where he sought to acquaint himself with the scores of the masters of music. Heretofore his musical studies had been confined to a rudimentary knowledge of the flute and of the guitar. After studying harmony with Lesveur for a few months, Berlioz composed a mass, which was performed in the church of St. Roch. Being admitted to the Conservatoire in 1823, he became noted not only for his great talent, but also for his rebellion against academic traditions. For the pure classicism of Cherubini, the head of the school, he had no respect, nor did he ever learn to understand and appreciate Palestrina, Händel, or Bach. Bent on giving expression to his teeming ideas in his own fashion, Berlioz, like the romanticists in literature, proceeded by violating or ignoring every established rule. As a consequence he never fully mastered the various forms of composition. With his "Fantastic Symphony", a cantata called "La mort de Sardanapale" which won for him the Prix de Rome (carrying with it a five years' pension), and a number of lesser works, Berlioz laid the foundation of the new school of composition which is known as the school of programme music. It is the endeavour of composers of this school to express by means of music definite ideas and moods and even to relate definite events. Although Berlioz has written a number of works on liturgical texts, hardly any of them have the liturgical character. His "Requiem", written for double chorus, an enormous orchestra, four military bands, and organ, suggests Michelangelo in its gigantic conception, While it strikes terror into the heart of the hearer, it does not inspire devotion. A "Te Deum" is built on equally large scale, and is more notable for its pomp and splendour than for its prayerfulness. Although Berlioz was a child of his time and in his music gave expression to every passion of man, he did not lose the Catholic sense, as is shown by the attraction liturgical texts had for him, and also by numerous other traits. Thus in his "Damnation de Faust" he sends Faust to eternal perdition accompanied by most gruesome music, instead of ultimately saving him in accordance with the pantheistic creed of Goethe. Berlioz is one of the most striking examples of modern subjectivism, and the numerous works he has left behind-symphonies with and without chorus, operas, an oratorio, "The Childhood of Christ", songs, choruses, etc.-give us an idea of what he might have been had he remained faithful to Catholic ideals.
JOSEPH OTTEN
# Chaucer's Works (ed. Skeat) Vol. I/Notes XV

[ Text of the Poem ]
XV. Lak of Stedfastnesse.
In MS. Harl. 7333 is the following note, probably correct:—'This balade made Geffrey Chauuciers the Laureall Poete of Albion, and sent it to his souerain lorde kynge Rycharde the secounde, thane being in his Castell of Windesore.' In MS. T. is the heading:—'Balade Royal made by oure laureal poete of Albyon in hees laste yeeres'; and above l. 22 is:—'Lenvoye to Kyng Richard.' In MS. F. it is simply headed 'Balade.' For another allusion to King Richard at Windsor, see note to Lenvoy to Scogan, l. 43. ​
The general idea is taken from Boethius, bk. ii. met. 8, which Chaucer thus translates:—'That the world with stable feith varieth acordable chaunginges, that the contrarious qualitee of elements holden among hem-self aliaunce perdurable, ... al this acordaunce of thinges is bounden with love, that governeth erthe and see, and hath also commaundements to the hevenes. And yif this love slakede the brydeles, alle thinges that now loven hem to-gederes wolden maken a bataile continuely, and stryven to fordoon the fasoun of this worlde, the whiche they now leden in acordable feith by faire moevinges.... O weleful were mankinde, yif thilke love that governeth hevene governed youre corages!'
4. Word and deed; or read Word and werk, as in Harl. 7333 and T.
5. Lyk, alike; or read oon, one, as in Harl. and T. Up so doun is the old phrase, and common. Modern English has 'improved' it into upside down, where side has to mean 'top.'
10. Unable, not able, wanting in ability or strength.
21. Here the Bannatyne MS. inserts a spurious fourth stanza. It runs thus:—
'Falsheid, that sowld bene abhominable, Now is regeing, but reformatioun, Quha now gifis lergly ar maist dissavable, For vycis are the grund of sustentatioun; All wit is turnit to cavillatioun, Lawtie expellit, and al gentilnes, That all is loist for laik of steidfastnes.'
This is very poor stuff.
24, 25. Suffre ... don, suffer (to be) done; correct as being an old idiom. See my note to the Clerkes Tale, E 1098.
28. For wed, two MSS. have drive; a reading which one is glad to reject. It would be difficult to think of a more unfitting word.
# Chaucer's Works (ed. Skeat) Vol. I/Notes XX

[ Text of the Poem ]
XX. Proverbs.
The titles in the MSS. are: Ad. Prouerbe; F. Proverbe of Chaucer; Ha. Prouerbe of Chaucers.
Each proverb takes the form of a question or objection, in two lines, followed by an answer in two lines more.
There is a fair copy of them (but not well spelt) in the black-letter edition of 1561, fol. cccxl. They there appear without the addition of fourteen unconnected lines (not by Chaucer) which have been recklessly appended to them in modern editions. The title in ed. 1561 is—'A Prouerbe agaynst couitise and negligence.'
For the metre, compare the Envoy to a Ballad by Deschamps, ed. Tarbé, pp. 23, 24.
7. At the head of a Ballad by Deschamps, ed. Tarbé, i. 132, is the French proverb—'Qui trop embrasse, mal étreint.' Cotgrave, s.v. embrasser, has: Trop embrasser, et peu estraigner, to meddle with more business then he can wield; to have too many irons in the fire; to lose all by coveting all.'
But the most interesting point is the use of this proverb by Chaucer elsewhere, viz. in the Tale of Melibeus, Group B, 2405—'For the ​ proverbe seith, he that to muche embraceth, distreyneth litel.' It is also quoted by Lydgate, in his description of the Merchant in the Dance of Machabre.
7. Embrace must be read as embrac', for the rime. Similarly, Chaucer puts gras for grac-e in Sir Thopas (Group B, l. 2021).
# Chaucer's Works (ed. Skeat) Vol. I/Notes XXIII

[ Text of the Poem ]
XXIII. A Balade of Compleynt.
1. Cf. Troil. iii. 104:—'And thogh I dar ne can unto yow pleyne.'
4. See note to XXII. 72, and l. 8 below.
13, 14. Cf. VI. 110, 111.
16. Dyt-e, ditty (dissyllabic); see Ho. of Fame, 622. It here rimes with despyte and plyte. In the Cant. Tales the usual forms are despyt and plyt-e respectively, but despyt-e may here be taken as a dative case.
20. Hertes lady; see VI. 60. Dere is the best reading, being thus commonly used by Chaucer as a vocative. If we retain the MS. reading here, we must insert a comma after lady, and explain I yow beseche ... here by 'I beseech you to hear.'
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Giuseppe Campani

From volume 3 of the work.
An Italian optician and astronomer who lived in Rome during the latter half of the seventeenth century. His brother, Matteo Campani-Alimensis, and he were experts in grinding and polishing lenses, especially those of great focal length and slight curvature. These lenses were used in long telescopes of considerable power. The astronomer Cassini made his discoveries with these lenses. Campani also made many observations himself. Cassini called his attention to the spots on Jupiter, and he disputed with Eustachio Divini, an Italian optician, the priority of their discovery. His astronomical observations and his descriptions of his telescopes are detailed in the following papers: "Ragguaglio di due nuovi osservazioni, una celeste in ordine alla stella di Saturno, e terrestre l'altra in ordine agl' instrumenti" (Rome, 1664, and again in 1665); "Lettere di G. C. al sig. Giovanni Domenico Cassini intorno alle ombre delle stelle Medicee nel volto di Giove, ed altri nuovi fenomeni celesti scoperti co' suoi occhiali" (Rome, 1666).
His brother, mentioned above, is also noted as a mechanician for his work on clocks. He was a priest in charge of a parish in Rome. Louis XIV of France ordered several long-focus lenses (86, 100, 136 feet respectively) for Cassini, who discovered with their aid additional satellites of Saturn.
Jöcher (Adelung), Allgem. Gelehrten-Lexicon: Auzout, Lettre à l'abbé Charles.
WILLIAM FOX
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Giuseppe Bianchini

From volume 2 of the work.
Bianchini (Blanchini), Giuseppe
Italian Oratorian, Biblical, historical, and liturgical scholar, b. at Verona, 1704; d. in Rome, 1764. Clement XII and Benedict XIV, who highly appreciated his learning, entrusted him with several scientific labours. Bianchini had contemplated a large work on the texts of the Sacred Scriptures, "Vindiciæ Canonicarum Scripturarum Vulgatæ latinæ editionis", which was to comprise several volumes, but only the first, in which, among other things, are to be found fragments of the "Hexapla" (cod. Chisianus), was published (Rome, 1740). Much more important is his "Evangeliarium quadruplex latinæ versionis antiquæ", etc., 2 vols. (Rome, 1749). Among his historical labours may be mentioned the fourth volume which Bianchini added to the publication of his uncle, Francesco Bianchini, "Anastasii bibliothecarii Vitæ Rom. Pontif." (Rome, 1735); he also published the "Demonstratio historiæ ecclesiasticæ quadripartitæ" (Rome, 1752–54). The chief liturgical work of Bianchini is "Liturgia antiqua hispanica, gothica, isidoriana, mozarabica, toletana mixta" (Rome, 1746). He also undertook the edition of the works of B. Thomasius (Tomasi), but only one volume was issued (Rome, 1741).
Villarosa, Memorie degli Scrittori Filippini (Naples, 1837); Mangenot, Joseph Bianchini et les anciennes versions latines de la Bible (Amiens, 1892); Hurter, Nomenclator, III, 71 sqq.
R. Butin.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Giuseppe Catalani

From volume 3 of the work.
Catalan (CATALANO, CATALANUS), GIUSEPPE, a Roman liturgist of the eighteenth century, member of the Oratory of San Girolamo della Carita (Hieronymite), famous for his correct editions of the chief liturgical books of the Roman Church, which are still in habitual use, and which he enriched with scholarly commentaries illustrative of the history, rubrics, and canon law of the Roman Liturgy. Among these are the "Pontificale Romanum" (3 vols. in fol., Rome, 1738-40, reprinted at Paris, 1850; reedited by Muhlbauer, Augsburg, 1878), with a learned introduction and notes, and based on the best manuscripts; "Caeremoniale episcoporum" (2 vols. in fol., Rome, 1747, with copperplate engravings; reprinted at Paris, 1860); "Sacrarum Caeremoniarum save rituum ecclesiasticorum S. R. Ecclesiae libri tres" etc. (I vol. in fol., Rome, 1750-51); "Rituale Romanum Benedicti XIV jussu editum et auctum" etc. (Rome, 1757, 2 vols. in fol.). Catalani is also the author of works on the history, series, duties, and privileges of two important curial offices: "De Magistro Sacri Palatii libri duo" (Rome, 1751) and "De Secretario S. Congreg. Indicis libri duo" (Rome, 1751). We owe him also annotated editions of two works much used for the spiritual formation of the Catholic clergy: the letter of St. Jerome "ad Nepotianum suum" (Rome, 1740) and St. John Chrysostom's work on the priesthood (De Sacerdotio, Rome, 1740). His (rare) historical treatise on the reading of the Gospels at Mass, its origin, ancient usages, etc. ("De codice Evangelii", Rome, 1733; see "Acta erudit. Lips.", 1735, 497-99) is yet highly appreciated by all liturgists. He belongs also among the best historians of the ecumenical councils by reason of his edition of their decrees, which Father Hurter calls a very learned (plane docta) work; "Sacrosancta concilia cecumenica commentariis illustrata" (Rome, 1736-49). Finally, he offers no slight interest to the ecclesiastical scholars of the New World because of his new edition (Rome, 1753, 6 vols. in fol.) of Cardinal d'Aguirre's "Collectio maxima conciliorum Hispanics et Novi Orbis", i. e Mexico and South America (first published at Rome, in 1693).
THOMAS J. SHAHAN