OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Palazzolo Acreide

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​PALAZZOLO ACREIDE, a town of Sicily, in the province of Syracuse, 28 m. by road W. of it, 2285 ft. above sea-level. Pop. (1901), 14,840. The town occupies the site of the ancient Acrae, founded by Syracuse about 664 B.C. It followed in the main the fortunes of the mother city. In the treaty between the Romans and Hiero II. in 263 B.C. it was assigned to the latter.
The ancient city lay on the hill above the modern town, the ​approach to it being defended by quarries, in which tombs of all periods have been discovered. The auditorium of the small theatre is well preserved, though nothing of the stage remains. Close to it are ruins of other buildings, which bear, without justification, the names Naumachia, Odeum (perhaps a bath establishment) and Palace of Hiero. The water supply was obtained by subterranean aqueducts. In the cliffs of the Monte Pineta to the south are other tomb chambers, and to the south again are the curious bas-reliefs called Santoni or Santicelli, mutilated in the 19th century by a peasant proprietor, which appear to be sepulchral also. Near here too is the necropolis of the Acrocoro della Torre, where many sarcophagi have been found. Five miles north lies Buscemi, near which a sacred grotto has been discovered; and also a church cut in the rock and surrounded by a cemetery.
See G. Judica, Antichità di Acre (Messina, 1819). (Baron Judica’s collection of antiquities was dispersed after his death.) J. Schubring, Jahrbuch für Philologie, Suppl. IV., 662–672.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Paleario, Aonio

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​PALEARIO, AONIO (c. 1500–1570), Italian humanist and reformer, was born about 1500 at Veroli, in the Roman Campagna. Other forms of his name are Antonio Della Paglia, A. Degli Pagliaricci. In 1520 he went to Rome, where he entered the brilliant literary circle of Leo X. When Charles of Bourbon stormed Rome in 1527 Paleario went first to Perugia and then to Siena, where he settled as a teacher. In 1536 his didactic poem in Latin hexameters, De immortalitate animarum, was published at Lyons. It is divided into three books, the first containing his proofs of the divine existence, and the remaining two the theological and philosophical arguments for immortality based on that postulate. The whole concludes with a rhetorical description of the occurrences of the Second Advent. In 1542 a tract, written by him and entitled Della Pienezza, sufficienza, et satisfazione della passione di Christo, or Libellus de morte Christi, was made by the Inquisition the basis of a charge of heresy, from which, however, he successfully defended himself. In Siena he wrote his Actio in pontifices romanos et eorum asseclas, a vigorous indictment, in twenty “testimonia,” against what he now believed to be the fundamental error of the Roman Church in subordinating Scripture to tradition, as well as against various particular doctrines, such as that of purgatory; it was not, however, printed until after his death (Leipzig, 1606). In 1546 he accepted a professorial chair at Lucca, which he exchanged in 1555 for that of Greek and Latin literature at Milan. Here about 1566 his enemies renewed their activity, and in 1567 he was formally accused by Fra Angelo the inquisitor of Milan. He was tried at Rome, condemned to death in October 1569, and executed in July 1570.
An edition of his works (Ant. Palearii Verulani Opera), including four books of Epistolae and twelve Orationes besides the De immortalitate, was published at Lyons in 1552; this was followed by two others, at Basel, and several after his death, the fullest being that of Amsterdam, 1696. A work, entitled Benefizio di Cristo (“The Benefit of Christ’s Death”), has been attributed to Paleario on insufficient grounds. Lives by Gurlitt (Hamburg, 1805); Young (2 vols., London, 1860); Bonnet (Paris, 1862).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Palanquin

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​PALANQUIN (pronounced palankeen, a form in which it is sometimes spelled), a covered litter used in India and other Eastern countries. It is usually some eight feet long by four feet in width and depth, fitted with movable blinds or shutters, and slung on poles carried by four bearers. Indian and Chinese women of rank always travelled in palanquim, and they were largely used by European residents in India before the railways. The norimono of Japan and the kiaotsu of China differ from the Indian palanquin only in the method of attaching the poles to the body of the conveyance. The word came into European use through Port. palanquim, which represents an East Indian word seen in several forms, e.g. Malay and Javanese palangki, Hindostani palki, Pali pallanko, &c., all in the sense of litter, couch, bed. The Sansk. paryanka, couch, bed, the source of all these words, is derived from pari, round, about, and anka, hook. The New English Dictionary points out the curious resemblance of these words with the Latin use of phalanga (Gr. φάλαγέ) for a bearing or carrying pole, whence the Span. palanca and palanquino, a bearer.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Palawaram

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​PALAWARAM, a town of British India, in Chingleput district, Madras, 11 m. S. of Madras city, with a station on the South Indian railway; pop. (1901), 6416. Formerly called the presidency cantonment, as containing the native garrison for Madras city, it is now a dépôt for native infantry and the residence of European pensioners. There are several tanneries.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Pale

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​PALE (through Fr. pal, from Lat. palus, a stake, for paglus, from the stem pag- of pangere, to fix; “pole” is from the same original source), a stake, particularly one of a closely set series driven into the ground to form the defensive work known as a “palisade”; also one of the lighter laths or strips of wood set vertically and fastened to a horizontal rail to form a “paling.” Used as an historical term, a pale is a district marked off from the surrounding country by a different system of government and law or by definite boundaries. The best known of these districts was the “English Pale” in Ireland, dating from the reign of Henry II., although the word “pale” was not used in this connexion until the latter part of the 14th century. The Pale varied considerably, according to the strength or weakness of the English authorities, and in the time of Henry VIII. was bounded by a line drawn from Dundalk to Kells, thence to Naas, and from Naas E. to Dalkey, embracing, that is, part of the modern counties of Dublin, Louth, Meath, and Kildare. The Pale existed until the complete subjugation of Ireland under Elizabeth; the use of the word is frequent in Tudor times. There was an “English Pale” or “Calais Pale” also in France until 1558, extending from Gravelines to Wissant, and for a short time under the Tudors an English Pale in Scotland.
In heraldry a “pale” is a band placed vertically in the centre of a shield, hence “in pale” or “to impale” is used of the marshalling of two coats side by side on a shield divided vertically.
“Pale,” in the sense of colourless, whitish, of a shade of colour lighter than the normal, is derived through O. Fr. palle, mod. pále, from Lat. pallidus, pallor, pallere; and in that of a baker’s shovel, or “peel” as it is sometimes called, from Lat. pala, spade, probably connected with the root of pandere, to spread out.
# Royal Naval Biography/Cotgrave, Edward Stone

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EDWARD STONE COTGRAVE, Esq. [Commander.]
Son of the late Captain Isaac Cotgrave, R.N. This officer served as midshipman under his father, in the Gannet ​sloop, on the Downs station. He obtained the rank of lieutenant in Jan. 1806; a pension for the loss of an eye, Oct. 8th, 1808; and a commission, appointing him to the command of the Pylades sloop, June 13th, 1815. Previous to this he had served under Captains the Hon. Anthony Maitland and Nagle Lock, in the Pique frigate and Jaseur sloop. He married, in Feb. 1824, Alicia Mary, eldest daughter of the late William Scott, of Camden Place, Bath, Esq.
# Royal Naval Biography/Copeland, Richard

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RICHARD COPELAND, Esq. [Commander.]
Passed his examination in May, 1811; obtained the rank of lieutenant on the 11th Dec. following; an appointment to the Cygnet sloop, Captain Robert Russell, Feb. 11th, 1812; and a commander’s commission on the 13th June, 1815. He has since been employed, for several years, in surveying various parts of the Mediterranean.
This officer is the author of “An Introduction to the Practice of Nautical Surveying, and the Construction of Sea-Charts, Illustrated by thirty-four Charts; translated from the French of C. F. Beautemps Beaupré, Hydrographer of the French Marine; with an Appendix, containing Dalrymple’s Essay on the most commodious methods of Marine ​Surveying, and the description of Observations by which the Longitude of Places on the Coasts of Australia, &c. have been settled, by Captain Matthew Flinders, R.N.”
# Royal Naval Biography/Cornwall, John

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JOHN CORNWALL, Esq. [Commander.]
Eldest son of the late John Cornwall, Esq., of Hendon, co. Middlesex; and grandson of the first Viscount Gardner. He was born on the 22d Jan. 1795; made a lieutenant in April 1815; and promoted to the rank of commander, Nov. 22d, 1826. He married, Dec. 5th, 1822, Charlotte Susan, daughter of Sir John Gregory Shaw Turner; and his youngest sister, Sophia, has since been united to the Rev. Robert William Shaw, son of the same baronet.
# Royal Naval Biography/Corry, Armar Lowry

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ARMAR LOWRY CORRY, Esq. A Member of the London Astronomical Society. [Post-Captain of 1821.]
Entered the navy on the 1st. Aug. 1805; and served under Sir Home Popham, in the Diadem 64, at the capture of the Cape of Good Hope and Buenos Ayres; from whence he returned home in the Sampson 64, Captain William Cuming. ​On that ship being paid off, in 1807, he joined the Leda frigate, Captain Robert Honyman, and continued in her until she was wrecked near the entrance of Milford Haven, Jan. 31, 1809. The Leda formed part of the fleet under Admiral (now Lord) Gambier, at the capture of the Danish navy, in 1807.
In May, 1809, we find Mr. Corry on board the Warspite 74, Captain the Hon. Henry Blackwood, with whom he completed his time as midshipman, on the North Sea, Channel, and Mediterranean stations. He was made lieutenant, April 28, 1812; and afterwards successively appointed to the Nereus frigate, Montagu 74, Impregnable 98, and Tay 20. The first two ships were commanded by Captain Peter Hey wood; the Impregnable conveyed the Emperor of Russia, the King of Prussia, &c. &c. to England, in 1814. His promotion to the rank of commander took place June 13, 1815.
Captain Corry afterwards accompanied Earl Belmore in a tour through the Levant; successively visiting Egypt, Nubia, Palestine, Asia-Minor, Constantinople, and Greece; he also travelled with his Lordship through Italy and other European states. In Oct. 1820, he was appointed to the Satellite 18, fitting for the East India station, where he was posted, by Sir Henry Blackwood, into the Topaze frigate, July 23, 1821.
Agents.– Messrs. Cooke, Halford, and Son.
# Royal Naval Biography/Cotesworth, William

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WILLIAM COTESWORTH, Esq. [Commander.]
Was made a lieutenant on the 16th Sept. 1816; appointed to the Revolutionnaire frigate, Captain the Hon. Fleetwood B. R. Pellew, fitting out for the Mediterranean station, Aug, 20th, 1818; and advanced to his present rank on the 5th April 1829. We are informed that he was selected to superintend the mining establishment at Cata Branca, in Brazil, in 1833.
# Royal Naval Biography/Cotton, Francis Vere

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FRANCIS VERE COTTON, Esq. [Commander.]
Is, we believe, a nephew to General Viscount Combermere, G.C.B., &c. &c., formerly Sir Stapleton Cotton. He was made a lieutenant on the 1st Jan. 1821; advanced to his present rank, Feb. 12th, 1830; and appointed to the Racehorse sloop, on the West India station, Jan. 31st, 1832.
# Royal Naval Biography/Coote, William

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WILLIAM COOTE, Esq. [Commander.]
Served as midshipman of the Edgar 74, Captain George Murray, at the battle of Copenhagen, April 2d, 1801; obtained a lieutenant’s commission in 1802; and was promoted to the rank of commander. May 6th, 1807, for an exploit thus officially recorded:
“H.M.S. Cerberus, off Martinique, Jan. 3d, 1807.
“Sir,– I beg leave to acquaint you, that in pursuance of your orders to me by Captain Pigot, of the Circe, I reconnoitred the ports of Guadaloupe and the Saintes: after having so done, and perceiving no force of any consequence, except a brig of sixteen guns, lying in the Saintes, I left Captain Pigot off that port, and was proceeding to my former station in further pursuance of your directions, when on the 2d instant, as I was beating to windward between Martinique and Dominica, I observed a privateer schooner, with a schooner and a sloop in company, standing for St. Pierre’s with French colours flying: I gave chase, and prevented them from reaching that port, upon which they all three anchored under a battery to the northward, near the Pearl Rock, and very close to the shore.
“It, however, appeared to me practicable to cut them out in the night. I consulted Lieutenant Coote on the occasion, who, with Lieutenant Bligh, volunteered the attack; and, about eight o’clock, they very gallantly ​boarded two of the vessels, under a most tremendous fire from the shore, bringing them out, notwithstanding the enemy had taken the precaution to unbend their sails. Our loss has, I am concerned to say, been considerable. Lieutenant Coote has received a most desperate wound in the head, winch has deprived him of his eye-sight; one midshipman (George Sayer) was wounded by a musket-ball in the log; two men were killed, and eight more wounded. The privateer made her escape under cover of the darkness of the night. I have the honor to be, &c.
(Signed)“W. Selby.”
“To the Hon. Sir Alex. I. Cochrane, &c. &c. &c.”
On the 22d May 1807, Commander Coote was granted a pension, the present amount of which is 400l. per annum.
# Royal Naval Biography/Cookesley, John

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JOHN COOKESLEY, Esq. [Post-Captain of 1818.]
Served as midshipman, and master’s-mate, on board the Polyphemus 64, flag-ship of Vice-Admiral (afterwards Sir Robert) Kingsmill, on the Irish station, from June 1794, until promoted into the Trusty 50, armed en flutes Dec. 16, 1799. At the close of the French revolutionary war, he received the Turkish gold medal for his services during the Egyptian expedition; and on the renewal of hostilities, in 1803, he was appointed to the Zebra bomb. Captain William Beauchamp, in which vessel we find him present at the bombardment of Havre, in July and Aug. 1804. He next became senior lieutenant of the Constance 24, Captain Anselm John Griffiths, employed in the blockade of the river Elbe; and subsequently first of the Gibraltar 80, in which ship he continued from the summer of 1805 until the promotion that took place after Lord Gambier’s court-martial in 1809; when he was advanced to ​the rank of commander for the conspicuous part he had borne in the night attack upon la Ville de Varsovie, French 80, and her consorts, in Aix roads, on the 11th April preceding. His conduct on that occasion was thus recorded in the minutes of the above tribunal:
“Captain George Wolfe, of l’Aigle, was again called in and examined. * * * * * * Q. Do you know of any particular fire-ship or ships that were improperly conducted on the evening of the 11th of April?
“A. the ship that passed between us and the island Olivera, and got on shore there, was the only one I particularly noticed. I hailed five that came near us, from our own ship being very nearly set on fire by those that were badly managed. I could not learn the names of two of the officers of fire-ships that behaved well; five behaved very well: one of them teas commanded by Captain Newcombe, who desired me to remember he had passed us; Lieutenant Cookesley, of the Gibraltar, was another, who begged I would keep my eye upon him, as he would not fire his vessel till he was amongst the enemy: I did, and saw him run on board a two-decked ship.”
The two-decker alluded to by Captain Wolfe was la Ville de Varsovie, and her officers afterwards affirmed that they cut and run aground purposely to avoid the fire-vessels; we have already stated that she was destroyed on the following day; and we have only to add, that Mr. Cookesley’s commission as commander was dated back to the day on which he had so highly distinguished himself. From May 1810 until Dec. 1816, he successively commanded the Recruit, 18 gun-brig, and Hazard, ship-sloop; the whole time on the Newfoundland station, with the exception of one year in the West Indies and at Brazil. His promotion to post rank took place Dec. 7, 1818.
* ↑ See Suppl. Part I. pp. 1–3.
* ↑ See Vol. I. Part I. p. 84.
# Rogues in the House

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First published in Weird Tales, January 1934
* Chapter I
* Chapter II
* Chapter III
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was legally published within the United States (or the United Nations Headquarters in New York subject to Section 7 of the United States Headquarters Agreement) before 1964, and copyright was not renewed.
* For Class A renewal records (books only) published between 1923 and 1963, check the Stanford University Copyright Renewal Database.
* For other renewal records of publications between 1922–1950, see the University of Pennsylvania copyright records.
* For all records since 1978, search the U.S. Copyright Office records.
Works published in 1934 could have had their copyright renewed in 1961 or 1962, i.e. between January 1st of the 27th year after publication or registration and December 31st of the 28th year. As this work's copyright was not renewed, it entered the public domain on January 1st, 1963.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1936, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 87 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
It is imperative that contributors ascertain that there is no evidence of a copyright renewal before using this license. Failure to do so will result in the deletion of the work as a copyright violation.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Rohr Aircraft Corporation v. County of San Diego

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
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United States Supreme Court
362 U.S. 628
Rohr Aircraft Corporation v. County of San Diego
Argued: March 30, 1960. --- Decided: May 23, 1960
Mr. Leroy A. Wright, San Diego, Cal., for appellant.
Mr. Manuel L. Kugler, Chula Vista, Cal., and Henry A. Dietz, San Diego, Cal., for appellees.
Messrs. Myron C. Baum, Washington, D.C., for the United States, as amicus curiae, by special leave of Court.
Mr. Justice CLARK delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Mount Vernon (Iowa)

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​MOUNT VERNON, a town of Linn county, Iowa, U.S.A., 16 m. E. of Cedar Rapids. Pop. (1900), 1629; (1910, U S, census), 1532. Mount Vernon is served by the Chicago & North Western railway. It is the seat of Cornell College (Methodist Episcopal; coeducational), which was opened as the Iowa Conference Seminary in 1853, and was chartered in 1857 under its present name, adopted in honour of William W. Cornell (1823–1870), an iron manufacturer of New York City and a benefactor of the institution. Cornell College includes a collegiate department, an academy, a conservatory of music, a school of art, a school of oratory and a summer school; in 1907–1908 it had 40 instructors and 755 students. Mount Vernon was settled in 1842, was laid out in 1847, and was incorporated as a town in 1869.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Mountain Ash

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​MOUNTAIN ASH, an urban district of Glamorganshire, south Wales, in the Aberdare valley on the Cynon, a west bank tributary of the Taff, with stations on the Taff Vale and Great Western railways, 18 m. N.E. of Cardiff. Pop. (1901), 31,093. A branch of the Glamorganshire canal passes through the place. At the beginning of the 19th century Mountain Ash was a small village known only by its Welsh name of Aberpenar, but from 1850, with the development of its collieries, the population rapidly increased. The district has an area of 10,504 acres and comprises; besides Mountain Ash proper, a string of villages, the chief being Cwmpenar, Penrhiwceiber, Abercynon or Aberdare Junction (at the confluence of the Cynon with the Taff) and Ynysybwl, 3 m. to the west on the Clydach. The public buildings include St Margaret’s (1862) and St Winifred’s (1883), the parish churches of Mountain Ash and Penrhiwceiber respectively; old and new town halls (1864 and 1904), cottage hospital (1896), and a library institute and public hall erected in 1899, at a cost of £8000, by the workmen of Nixon’s Navigation collieries. There is a park of 7 acres given in 1897, by Lord Aberdare, whose residence, Duffryn, is in the district. There are also a workmen’s institute and a public hall at Penrhiwceiber. The older part of the urban district is included in the parliamentary borough of Merthyr Tydfil, and also shares with Merthyr and Aberdare the services of a stipendiary magistrate.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Mount Vernon (New York)

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​MOUNT VERNON, a city of Westchester county, in south-eastern New York, U.S.A., on the Bronx river and Eastchester Creek, 13 m. from the Grand Central station, New York City. Pop. (1890), 10,830; (1900), 20,340, of whom 5265 were foreign born (many being Italians) and 516 negroes; (1910, census), 30,919. It is served by the New York Central & Hudson River and the New York, New Haven & Hartford railways, and by electric lines to New York City, Yonkers, New Rochelle, &c. The city has various manufactures, but in the main is a residential suburb of New York; the finest residences are in the eastern, central and north-eastern sections, the last being known as Chester Hill; the foreign-born element is largely concentrated in the western part. Mount Vernon is in the township of Eastchester, which was settled from Connecticut in 1664, possibly in the hope of pushing Connecticut’s boundary nearer the Hudson. It was called “Ten Farms” or East Chester. A parish of the same name was established in 1693, but was disallowed in England. About 1682 the “Ten Farmers” established a free school. In 1764 the foundations were laid of the present St Paul’s (Protestant Episcopal), which was used through a part of the American War of Independence as a British military hospital. St Paul’s churchyard dates back to the close of the 17th century. Along the White Plains road (now Lincoln Avenue) Washington retreated, pursued by General Henry Clinton, before the battle of White Plains in 1776. The city of Mount Vernon was founded in 1851 by several realty companies. The postal authorities objected to the name Monticello, originally used, and Mount Vernon was adopted instead. Mount Vernon was incorporated as a village in 1853 and was first chartered as a city in 1892. West Mount Vernon was founded by the Teutonic Homestead Association and was annexed to Mount Vernon in 1869.
See William S. Coffey, “East Chester,” pp. 720–764 of vol. ii. of J. T. Scharf’s History of Westchester County, N.Y. (2 vols., Philadelphia, 1886).