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# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 23:4

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| Ricciarelli — Richard of St Victor | Richardia — Richmond and Derby | Richmond and Lennox — Rieger | Riego Nuñez — Riley |
| Ricciarelli, Daniele Riccoboni, Marie Jeanne Rice, Edmund Ignatius Rice, James Rice Rice Paper Rich, Barnabe Rich, Claudius James Rich, John Rich, Penelope, Lady Rich, Richard Rich, Richard Rich, 1st Baron Richard, St Richard (Archbishop of Canterbury) Richard, Earl of Cornwall Richard I. Richard II. Richard III. Richard, François Marie Benjamin Richard, Henry Richard of Cirencester Richard of Devizes Richard of Hexham Richard of Ilchester Richard of St Victor | Richardia Richards, Alfred Bate Richards, Henry Brinley Richards, William Trost Richardson, George Richardson, Henry Hobson Richardson, Sir John Richardson, Samuel Richelieu, Armand Emmanuel ... du Plessis, Duc de Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis de, Cardinal Richelieu, Louis François Armand du Plessis, Duc de Richepin, Jean Richerus Richfield Springs Rich Hill Richmond, Earls and Dukes of Richmond, Legh Richmond, Sir William Blake Richmond (Victoria) Richmond (Indiana) Richmond (Kentucky) Richmond (Surrey) Richmond (Yorkshire) Richmond (Virginia) Richmond and Derby, Margaret, Countess of | Richmond & Lennox, Frances ... Stewart, Duchess of Richter, Adrian Ludwig Richter, Ernst Friedrich Eduard Richter, Eugen Richter, Hans Richter, Jeremias Benjamin Richter, Johann Paul Friedrich Richthofen, Ferdinand, Baron von Ricimer Ricina Rickets Rickman, Thomas Rickmansworth Ricochet Ricold of Monte Croce Ricotti-Magnani, Cesare Ridding, George Riddles Ridge, William Pett Ridge Riding Ridings Ridley, Nicholas Ridolfi, Roberto di Rieger, Philipp Friedrick von | Riego Nuñez, Rafael del Riehm, Eduard Karl August Riel, Louis Riemann, Georg Friedrich Bernhard Rienzi, Cola di Riesa Riesener, Jean Henri Riesengebirge Rieti Rietschel, Ernst Friedrich August Rieu, Charles Pierre Henri Rievaulx Riffians Rifle Rifleman-bird Riga Rigaud, Hyacinthe Rigby, Richard Rigg, James Harrison Rigging Right Ascension Rights of Man and of the Citizen, Declaration of Rigord Rigorism Riley, James Whitcomb |
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 23:7

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| Rogers — Roller-skating | Rollin — Rome | Rome — Röntgen | Röntgen Rays — Rosamond |
| Rogers, John (sculptor) Rogers, Robert Rogers, Samuel Rogers, William Rogier, Charles Latour Rogue Rohan Rohan, Henri, Duc de Rohan, Louis René Édouard, Cardinal de Rohilkhand Rohilla Rohlfs, Friedrich Gerhard Rohtak Rojas Zorrilla, Francisco de Rokitansky, Carl, Freiherr von Roland, Jean Marie Roland, Legend of Rolandseck Roll, Alfred Philippe Roll Rolland, John Rolle de Hampole, Richard Roller (bird) Roller (agriculture) Roller-skating | Rollin, Charles Rollinat, Maurice Rolling-mill Rollock, Robert Roma Roman Roman Army Roman Art Roman Catholic Church Romance Romance Languages Roman de la Rose Roman Empire, Later Romanes, George John Romanin, Samuele Roman Law Romanos Romanov Roman Religion Romans Romans, Epistle to the Romanshorn Romanus Rome Rome (province) | Rome (Georgia) Rome (New York) Romé de l'Isle, Jean Baptiste Louis Romesh Chandra Mitra, Sir Romford Romilly, John Romilly, 1st Baron Romilly, Sir Samuel Romilly-sur-Seine Rominten Romney, George Romney, Henry Sidney, Earl of Romney Romorantin Romsdal Romsey Romulus Roncesvalles Ronconi, Giorgio Ronda Rondeau Rondel Rondo Ronsard, Pierre de Ronsdorf Röntgen, David Röntgen, Wilhelm Konrad | Röntgen Rays Rood Roofs Rook Rooke, Sir George Room Roon, Albrecht Theodor Emil, Count von Roorkee Roosevelt, Theodore Root, Elihu Root Rope and Rope-making Ropes, John Codman Rope-walking Rops, Félicien Roquelaure Rorqual Rorschach Ros Ros, Sir Richard Rosa, Carl August Nicholas Rosa, Monte Rosa, Salvator Rosaceae Rosamond |
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 23:3

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| Reuter — Reybaud | Reyer — Rheydt | Rhīanus — Rhyme | Rhymney — Ricci |
| Reuter, Fritz Reuter, Paul Julius, Baron de Reuterholm, Gustaf Adolf, Baron Reutlingen Reval Reveillé Revelation, Book of Revels, Master of the Revelstoke Reventlow, Christian Ditlev Frederick, Count Revenue Revere, Paul Revere Reverend Reverie Review Revillagigedo Réville, Albert Revolutionary Tribunal, The Rewa Rewa Kantha Reward Rewari Rewbell, Jean François Reybaud, Marie Roch Louis | Reyer, Ernest Reynard the Fox Reynolds, John Fulton Reynolds, Sir Joshua Reynolds, Walter Rezánov, Nicolai Petrovich de Rhacis Rhadamanthus Rhaetic Rhamnus Purshiana Rhampsinītus Rhankavēs, Alexandros Rhizos Rhapsodist Rhatany Rhayader Rhea (mythology) Rhea (bird) Rheinberger, Joseph Gabriel Rheine Rhenanus, Beatus Rheticus Rhetoric Rheumatism Rheumatoid Arthritis Rheydt | Rhīanus Rhigas, Constantine Rhine Rhine Province Rhinoceros Rhinthon Rhizopoda Rhode Island Rhodes, Cecil John Rhodes, James Ford Rhodes Rhodesia Rhodium Rhodochrosite Rhododendron Rhodonite Rhoecus Rhondda Rhone (river) Rhône (department) Rhöngebirge Rhoxolani Rhubarb Rhyl Rhyme | Rhymney Rhyolite Rhythm Rhytina Riansares, Augustin ... Muñoz, Duke of Riaz Pasha Rib Ribadeneira, Pedro A. Ribald Ribault, Jean Ribbeck, Johann Carl Otto Ribbon-fishes Ribbonism Ribbons Ribeira Ribeiro, Bernardim Ribera, Giuseppe Ribot, Alexandre Félix Joseph Ribot, Théodule Ribot, Théodule Armand Ricard, Louis Gustave Ricardo, David Ricasoli, Bettino, Baron Riccati, Jacopo Francesco, Count Ricci, Matteo |
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 23:5

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| Rimbaud — Rio Pardo | Riot — Ritual Murder | Riva — Roan | Roanne — Robert-Fleury |
| Rimbaud, Jean Arthur Rime Royal Rimini Rimmer, William Rimsky-Korsakov, Nicolas Andreievich Rinderpest Ring Ring-goal Ringwood Ringworm Rintoul, Robert Stephen Rinuccini, Giovanni Battista Riobamba Rio Cuarto Rio de Contas Rio de Janeiro (State) Rio de Janeiro Rio de Oro Rio Grande Rio Grande do Sul (State) Rio Grande do Sul (City) Rioja, La Riom Rio Negro Rio Pardo | Riot Rio Tinto Riou, Edward Riouw Ripley, George Ripley Ripon, George ... Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon Ripon, Wisconsin Ripperda, John William, Baron Rishanger, William Risk Rist, Johann von Ristitch, Jovan Ristori, Adelaide Ritchie, Charles Thomson Ritchie, 1st Baron Ritchie, David George Ritschl, Albrecht Ritschl, Friedrich Wilhelm Ritson, Joseph Rittenhouse, David Ritter, Heinrich Ritter, Karl Ritual Ritual Murder | Riva Rival Rivarol, Antoine de Rive-de-Gier River River Brethren River Engineering River-hog Riverina Rivers, Earl Rivers, Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers, Richard Savage, 4th Earl Rivers, Richard Woodville, Earl Riverside Rives, William Cabell Rivet Riviera Riviere, Briton Rivington, Charles Rivoli Veronese Rixdorf Rizzio, David Roach Roads and Streets Roan | Roanne Roanoke (river) Roanoke (city) Roaring Forties Robben Island Robber Synod Robbery Robert I., king of Scotland Robert II., king of Scotland Robert III., king of Scotland Robert I., king of France Robert II., king of France Robert, king of Naples Robert, dukes of Normandy Robert Guiscard Robert of Auxerre Robert of Courtenay Robert of Gloucester Robert of Jumiéges Robert of Torigni Robert the Devil Robert the Strong Robert, Hubert Robert, Louis Léopold Robert-Fleury, Joseph Nicolas |
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 23:6

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| Roberts — Robinson | Rob Roy — Rock | Rock-Crystal — Rodomontade | Rodosto — Rogers |
| Roberts, David Roberts, Frederick Sleigh Roberts, Earl Robertson, Frederick William Robertson, George Croom Robertson, Joseph Robertson, Thomas William Robertson, William Robertson, William Bruce Roberval, Gilles Personne de Robes Robespierre, Maximilien François ... de Robilant, Carlo Felice Nicolis, Conte di Robin Hood Robin Hood's Bay Robinia Robins, Benjamin Robinson, Edward Robinson, Henry Crabb Robinson, John (diplomatist) Robinson, John (divine) Robinson, Sir John Beverley Robinson, John Thomas Romney Robinson, Sir Joseph Benjamin Robinson, Mary Robinson, Theodore | Rob Roy Robsart, Amy Robson, Stuart Roby, Henry John Roc Rocamadour Rocambole Roch, St Rochambeau, Jean Baptiste ... de Vimeur Rochdale Roche, Sir Boyle Rochefort, Henri Rochefort (Belgium) Rochefort (France) Rochester, John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester, Lawrence Hyde, Earl of Rochester (Kent) Rochester (Minnesota) Rochester (New Hampshire) Rochester (New York) Rochet Rochford, Earl of Rochford Rock, Daniel Rock | Rock-Crystal Rockefeller, John Davison Rocket Rockford Rockhampton Rock Hill Rockingham, Charles ... Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rock Island Rockland (Maine) Rockland (Massachusetts) Rockport Rockville Rocky Mountain Goat Rococo Rocroi Rod, Édouard Rod Rodbertus, Karl Johann Rodentia Roderick Rodez Rodgers, John Rodin, Auguste Rodney, George Brydges Rodney, Baron Rodomontade | Rodosto Rodriguez Roe, Edward Payson Roe, Sir Thomas Roebling, John Augustus Roebourne Roebuck, John Roebuck, John Arthur Roe-buck Roederer, Pierre Louis, Comte Roemer, Friedrich Adolph Roemer, Ole Roermond Rogation Days Roger I. of Sicily Roger II. of Sicily Roger, bishop of Salisbury Roger, archbishop of York Roger of Hoveden Roger of Wendover Rogers, Henry Rogers, Henry Darwin Rogers, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, John (preacher) Rogers, John (martyr) |
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 23:8

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| Rosario — Rosenkranz | Rosenthal — Rossellino | Rossetti — Rothes | Rothesay — Roulette |
| Rosario Rosary Rosas, Juan Manuel Roscellinus Roscher, Wilhelm Georg Friedrich Roscius Gallus, Quintus Roscoe, Sir Henry Enfield Roscoe, William Roscoff Roscommon, Wentworth Dillon, 4th Earl of Roscommon (county) Roscommon (town) Roscrea Rose (family) Rose, George Rose, Hugh James Rose, William Stewart Rose Rosebery, Archibald ... Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosecrans, William Starke Rosegger, Peter Rosellini, Ippolito Rosemary Rosenheim Rosenkranz, Johann Karl Friedrich | Rosenthal, Toby Edward Roses, Wars of the Rosetta Rosewood Rosicrucianism Rosin Roskilde Rosmead, Hercules ... Robinson, 1st Baron Rosmini-Serbati, Antonio Rosny, Joseph Henry Ross, Alexander Ross, George William Ross, Sir Hew Dalrymple Ross, Sir James Clark Ross, John Ross, Sir John Ross, Robert Ross Ross and Cromarty Rossano Rossbach Rosse, Earl of Rosse, William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosselli, Cosimo Rossellino, Antonio | Rossetti, Christina Georgina Rossetti, Dante Gabriel Rossi, Luigi de Rossi, Pellegrino Luigi Edoardo, Count Rossini, Gioachino Antonio Rossland Rosslau Rosslyn, Earls of Rosslyn, Alexander Wedderburn, 1st Earl of Rosstrevor Rosswein Rostand, Edmond Rostock Rostoptschin, Count Feodor Vassilievich Rostov-on-the-Don Rostov Velikiy Rostra Rota, Court of Roth, Justus Ludwig Adolf Rothe, Richard Rothelin, Jacqueline de Rohan Rothenburg-ob-der-Tauber Rotherham, Thomas Rotherham Rothes, Earls of | Rothesay Rothschild Rothwell Rotifera Rotorua Rotrou, Jean de Rotta Rottenburg Rotterdam Rottweil Rotumah Rouault, Joachim Roubaix Roubiliac, Louis François Roucher, Jean Antoine Roué Rouelle, Guillaume François Rouen Rouergue Rouge Rouget de Lisle, Claude Joseph Rough Cast Rouher, Eugène Roulers Roulette |
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 23 REFECTORY to SAINTE-BEUVE

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| Ref — Ric | Ric — Rog | Rog — Ruh | Rui — Sai |
| Table of contributors Refectory — Renaissance Renaix — Reuss Reuter — Ricci | Ricciarelli — Riley Rimbaud — Robert-Fleury Roberts — Rogers | Rogers — Rosamond Rosario — Roulette Roulette — Ruhrort | Ruiz — Ryot Ryswick — Saginaw Sagitta — Sainte-Beuve |
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 24:1

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| Sainte-Claire Deville — St Helena | St Helens — St Junien | Saint-Just — St Maur-des-Fossés | St Maur-sur-Loire — St Petersburg |
| Sainte-Claire Deville, Étienne Henri St Elmo's Fire St Emilion Sainte-Palaye, Jean Baptiste la Curne de Saintes St Étienne St Eustatius and Saba Saint-Évremond, Charles ..., Seigneur de St Florentin St Flour St Gall (canton) St Gall (town) Saint-Gaudens, Augustus St Gaudens Saint-Gelais, Melin de Saint-Georges, Georges Henri Vernoy de Saint-Germain, Comte de Saint-Germain, Claude Louis, Comte de St Germain-en-Laye St Germans St Gilles St Girons St Goar St Gotthard Pass St Helena | St Helens St Helier Saint-Hilaire, Augustin François ... de St Hubert St Hyacinthe Saintine, Joseph Xavier St Ingbert St Ives (Cornwall) St Ives (Huntingdonshire) St Jean-d'Angély St Jean-de-Luz St John, Charles William George St John, James Augustus St John, Oliver St John (town) St John (island) St John (river) St John of Jerusalem, Knights ... of the Hospital of St Johns (Newfoundland) St Johns (Quebec) Saint Johnsbury St John's Wort Saint Joseph (Michigan) Saint Joseph (Missouri) St Junien | Saint-Just, Antoine Louis ... de St Just St Kilda (Australia) St Kilda (Scotland) St Kitts Saint-Lambert, Jean François de St Lawrence St Leger, Sir Anthony St Leonards, Edward ... Sugden, 1st Baron St Lizier-de-Couserans St Lô St Louis (Missouri) St Louis (Senegal) St Lucia St Macaire St Maixent St Malo Saint-Marc Girardin Saint-Martin, Louis Claude de St Martin St Mary St Marylebone Saint Marys St Mary's Loch St Maur-des-Fossés | St Maur-sur-Loire St Mawes St Michael's St Michael's Mount St Mihiel St Moritz St Nazaire St Nectaire St Neots St Nicolas St Nicolas du Port St Omer Sainton, Prosper Philippe Catherine Sainton-Dolby, Charlotte Helen Saintonge St Ouen St Pancras St Paul (island) St Paul (Minnesota) St Paul's Cathedral St Paul's Rocks St Peter St Peter Port St Petersburg (government) St Petersburg |
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 23:9

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| Roulette — Rowe | Rowel — Rozas | Ruabon — Rudolph I. | Rudolph II. — Ruhrort |
| Roulette (game) Round Rounders Roundhead Roundsman System Round Table, The Round Towers Rous, Francis Rous, Henry John Rousseau, Jacques Rousseau, Jean Baptiste Rousseau, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Pierre Étienne Théodore Rousseau de la Rottière, Jean Siméon Roussillon Routh, Edward John Routh, Martin Joseph Routledge, George Rouvier, Maurice Rovereto Rovigno Rovigo Rovuma Row, John Rowe, Nicholas | Rowel Rowing Rowland, Henry Augustus Rowlands, Richard Rowlands, Samuel Rowlandson, Thomas Rowley, William Rowley Regis Rowlock Rowton, Montague ... Lowry-Corry, Baron Roxana Roxburghe, Earls and Dukes of Roxburghshire Roxbury Roy, William Royal Fern Royal Society, The Royalty Royan Royat Royer-Collard, Pierre Paul Royle, John Forbes Royston Royton Rozas, Juan Martinez de | Ruabon Rubber Rubble Rubellite Rubens, Peter Paul Rubiaceae Rubicon Rubidium Rubinstein, Anton Grigorovich Rubric Rubruquis, William of Ruby Ruby Mines Rückert, Johann Michael Friedrich Rūdagī Rudd Rudder Ruddiman, Thomas Rude, François Ruderal Rudesheim Rudinì, Antonio Starabba, Marquis di Rudok Rudolf Rudolph I. | Rudolph II. Rudolph, king of the Franks Rudolph, duke of Swabia Rudolph Glaber Rudolstadt Rudra Rue Rueda, Lope de Rueil Ruff Ruffian Ruffo, Fabrizio Rufiji Rufinus, Tyrannius Rufus, Gaius Valgius Rufus, Lucius Varius Rug Rugby Ruge, Arnold Rugeley Rügen Ruhla Ruhnken, David Ruhr Ruhrort |
# 1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Braun, Heinrich

See also Heinrich Braun (writer) and Lily Braun on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
BRAUN, HEINRICH (1854- ), German Social Democrat and writer on social questions, was born Nov. 23 1854 at Leipzig, and studied at Vienna, Göttingen, Berlin and Halle. He successively edited the important Socialist publications, Die neue Zeit; the Archiv für soziale Gesetzgebung und Verwaltung; Die neue Gesellschaft; and Annalen für Sozialpolitik und Gesetzgebung. After the revolution and the election of a Prussian Constituent Assembly, Braun was Minister for Agriculture in the Prussian Socialist Ministry formed under the presidency of Hirsch on March 24 1919.
LILY BRAUN (1865-1916), wife of the above, was one of the most remarkable women Socialists and writers of modern Germany. She was the daughter of Gen. von Kretschmann, of an old East Prussian Junker stock, and was born at Halberstadt on July 2 1865. Her grandmother was the issue of one of the amours of Prince Jerome Bonaparte, King of Westphalia. Her whole early life was passed in a Junker and militarist atmosphere, on the East Prussian estate of her grandfather, or in the various garrisons where her father held command. She had a deeply introspective nature and read widely. The romantic as well as the social and ethical ideas which she developed contributed to alienate her from her class and her family and to draw her into the Socialist movement. Her first marriage (against the wishes of her family) was with an invalid socialistic professor, von Gizycki. After his early death she was attracted by the Socialist author and politician Heinrich Braun and married him in 1895. She visited England and was on terms of friendship with leading members of the Fabian Society. She was the author of many books and pamphlets on social questions, particularly on the place of woman in politics and industry, e.g. Frauenfrage und Socialdemokratie (1901); Frauenarbeit und Handwirtschaft (1901); Die Politik und die Frauen (1904). But her most remarkable work was the story of her own life, told, like Goethe's auto- biography, with some embellishments of fancy and, indeed, professedly in the form of a novel. The two volumes are entitled Memoiren einer Sozialistin (1) Lehrjahre (2) Kampfjahre (1909 and 1911). They give an elaborate picture, coloured no doubt by the intense self-consciousness of the writer, of the growth of the German Social Democratic movement in the ’nineties, with sketches of the leading figures, such as Bebel, Liebknecht, Rosa Luxemburg, and her own husband, Heinrich Braun. No German book brings out more clearly the nature of the cleft between the German and Prussian governing and military classes on the one side and the industrial masses and their leaders on the other. The contrast between German life in the country and in the cities is also vividly portrayed, as is the social life of a regiment and a garrison. Other books of hers are Im Schatten der Titanen (memoirs of her grandmother, who lived for a time in Goethe's circle); Liebesbriefe einer Marquise; a play, Mutter Maria, and a novel, Lebenssucher. She died on Aug. 8 1916.
# 1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Bridge, Frank

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​BRIDGE, FRANK (1870–), English musical composer, born at Brighton Feb. 26 1879, was musically educated at the Royal College of Music, which he entered as violin student in 1896, but gained a scholarship for composition three years later. For many years subsequently he was equally in demand both as composer and as viola player, in which latter capacity he was quite first-rate. Often he was called upon to play the viola in quintets with the Joachim Quartet. Bridge was at one time or other a member, as violist, of the Crimson and the Motto quartets. A vast number of songs were produced by him, but it is as a composer of chamber music for strings that his reputation stands. In this category there are four quartets for pianoforte and strings or for strings alone and a sextet; a phantasy trio; a quartet in E minor, which was crowned by an honourable mention at Bologna in 1906. His sonnet, Blow out, you bugles, has been sling ubiquitously. Among the other works of real importance are his orchestral compositions, Isabella (1907); Dance Rhapsody (1909); a suite, The Sea (1912); A Dance Poem (1914); a suite for stringed orchestra and A Lament for the same; a tone-poem, Summer. As a conductor Bridge also established his reputation. In 1910-11 he conducted at the Savoy theatre for Marie Brema, and was at Covent Garden with Beecham in 1913.
# 1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Bridge, Sir Frederick

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​BRIDGE, SIR FREDERICK (1844–), English organist, composer and conductor, was born at Oldbury, Worcs., Dec. 5 1844. Educated at first at the Cathedral school, Rochester, where his father was a vicar-choral, he became a chorister there in 1850 and 15 years later assistant organist. In 1865 he became organist to Trinity church, Windsor, in 1869 to Manchester cathedral, and in 1875 he was appointed permanent deputy organist to Westminster Abbey. In 1882 Bridge succeeded Turle as organist and master of the choristers at Westminster Abbey, a post he retained until 1918, when he retired with the title of emeritus organist. In 1890 he was appointed Gresham professor of music; in 1896 conductor of the Royal Choral Society; in 1902 King Edward professor of music in London University. He was knighted in 1897, received the M.V.O. in 1902 and was promoted C.V.O. nine years later. Belonging to what has come to be regarded as the " old school," but remaining a popular figure as the organizer of important musical functions, Bridge was a voluminous composer, especially of church music. He has written about a dozen oratorios and cantatas, many successful glees and part-songs; primers on counterpoint, organ accompaniment and musical gestures. Also he published Samuel Pepys, a Lover of Music (1903); A Shakespearean Birthday Book and an autobiography, A Westminster Pilgrim (1919).
# 1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Bridges, Robert

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BRIDGES, ROBERT (1844-), English poet (see 4.532), was in 1913 appointed Poet Laureate. Among his later publications were Ibant Obscuri (1916) and an ode on the Tercentenary Commemoration of Shakespeare (1916); as well as an Essay on Keats, several addresses on poetical subjects, and occasional npoems during the World War. He also edited The Spirit of Man (1916), an anthology in English and French. In the summer of 1920 he originated a letter, subsequently signed by many Oxford tutors, lecturers, professors and some heads of colleges, addressed to the learned world of Germany and intended as an eirenicon, which was published in the autumn. Its advisability was the occasion of much difference of opinion in academic and other circles.
# 1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Bramley, Frank

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BRAMLEY, FRANK (1857–1915), English painter, was born near Boston, Lincs., May 6 1857. He studied art at Lincoln and later at Antwerp, first exhibiting in the Academy in 1884. Bramley became one of the best-known members of the group of English painters known as the Newlyn school, and in 1888 his picture, “A Hopeless Dawn,” was bought under the terms of the Chantrey bequest. He became A.R.A. in 1894, and was elected R.A. in 1911, being also a gold medallist of the French Salon. He died at Chalford Hill Aug. 10 1915.