# The World Factbook (1982)/Cyprus
## CYPRUSCYPRUS

* (See reference map VI)

### LANDLAND

9,251 km$^2$; 47% arable and land under permanent crops, 18% forested, 10% meadows and pasture, 25% waste, urban areas, and other

### WATERWATER

Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm
Coastline: approximately 648 km

### PEOPLEPEOPLE

Population: 642,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 1.0%
Nationality: noun—Cypriot(s); adjective—Cypriot
Ethnic divisions: 78% Greek; 18% Turkish; 4% British, Armenian, and other
Religion: 78% Greek Orthodox, 18% Muslim, 4% Maronite, Armenian, Apostolic, and other
Language: Greek, Turkish, English
Literacy: about 89% of population 15 years or older, 99% of population aged 15-39
Greek Sector labor force: 180,700 (1980), 42% services; 33% industry; 25% agriculture; 2.1% unemployed

### GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT

Official name: Republic of Cyprus
Type: republic since August 1960; a disaggregation of the two ethnic communities inhabiting the island began after the outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this separation was further solidified following the Turkish invasion of the island in July 1974, which gave the Turkish Cypriots de facto control over the northern 37 percent of the republic; in 1975 the Turkish Cypriots declared a separate Turkish Federated State of Cyprus, although Greek Cypriots control the only internationally recognized government; negotiations, which aim at finding a mutually agreeable solution to intercommunal differences, have focused on the creation of a federal system of government
Capital: Nicosia
​Political subdivisions: 6 administrative districts
Legal system: based on common law, with civil law modifications; negotiations to create the basis for a new or revised constitution to govern the island and relations between Greek and Turkish Cypriots have been held intermittently
National holiday: Independence Day, 1 October
Branches: currently the Government of Cyprus has effective authority over only the Greek Cypriot community, consisting of Greek Cypriot parts of bodies provided for by constitution; headed by President of the Republic and comprised of Council of Ministers, House of Representatives, and Supreme Court; Turkish Cypriots have their own "constitution" and governing bodies within the "Turkish Federated State of Cyprus"
Government leaders: President Spyros KYPRIANOU; elected Interim President in September 1977 to serve out the remainder of the term of Archbishop Makarios, who died on 3 August 1977, and elected President in his own right by acclamation in February 1978; Turkish Sector: "President" Rauf DENKTASH; "Prime Minister" Mustafa CAGATAY
Suffrage: universal age 21 and over
Elections: officially every five years (next presidential elections to be held in 1983); parliamentary elections held in May 1981; Turkish Cypriot "presidential" and "parliamentary" elections held in June 1981
Political parties and leaders: Greek Sector: Progressive Party of the Working People (AKEL; Communist Party), Ezekias Papaioannou; Democratic Rally (DS), Glafkos Clerides; Democratic Party (DK), Spyros Kyprianou; United Democratic Union of the Center (EDEK), Vassos Lyssarides; New Democratic Movement (NDP), Alecos Michaelides; New Union of the Center, Tassos Papadopoulos; Pancyprian Renewal Party (PAME), Khrysostomos Sofianos; Turkish Sector: National Unity Party (UBP), Mustafa Cagatay; Communal Liberation Party (TKP), Alpay Durduran; Republican Turkish Party (CTP), Ozker Ozgur; Democratic People's Party (DHP), Nejat Konuk; Turkish Unity Party (TBP), Ismail Tezer
Voting strength (1981 elections): in the parliamentary elections pro-Western Democratic Rally and Communist AKEL each received 12 of the 35 seats; Kyprianou 's center-right Democratic Party received eight seats; and socialist EDEK won three seats; in "presidential" and "parliamentary" elections in the Turkish Cypriot sector, Rauf Denktash won with 52 percent of the vote; his party (UBP) received 18 of 40 seats in the "Assembly" while the center-left TKP won 13 seats; the remainder were divided among the other parties
Communists: 12,000; sympathizers estimated to number 60,000
Other political or pressure groups: United Democratic Youth Organization (EDON; Communist controlled); Union of Cyprus Farmers (EKA; Communist controlled); Cyprus Farmers Union (PEK; pro- West); Pan Cyprian Labor Federation (PEO; Communist controlled); Confederation of Cypriot Workers (SEK; pro- West); Federation of Turkish Cypriot Labor Unions (Turk-Sen); Confederation of Revolutionary Labor Unions (Dev-Is)
Member of: Commonwealth, Council of Europe, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ISCON, ITU, NAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO

### ECONOMYECONOMY

GNP: $2,165 million (1980, est.), $4,223 per capita; 1980 est. real growth rate 4.2%
Turkish Sector GNP: $200.7 million (1978), $1,580 per capita
Agriculture: main crops—potatoes, grapes, citrus fruit, grains
Major industries: mining (iron pyrites, gypsum, asbestos), manufactures principally for local consumption—beverages, footwear, clothing, cement
Electric power: 500,000 kW capacity (1981); 1,042 billion kWh produced (1981), 1,654 kWh per capita
Exports: $532.8 million (f.o.b., 1980); principal items—food and beverages including citrus, raisins, potatoes and wine, also cement and clothing
Turkish Sector exports: $40.2 million (f.o.b., 1979); principal items—citrus fruits, potatoes, metal pipes and pyrites
Imports: $1,214 million (c.i.f., 1980); principal items—manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, food
Turkish Sector imports: $107.5 million (c.i.f., 1979); principal items are foodstuffs, raw materials, fuels, machinery
Major trade partners: imports (1980)—15.4% UK, 0.8% Italy, 10.1% Iraq, 7.6% West Germany, 7.0% Greece; exports (1980)—20.7% UK, 7.7% Saudi Arabia, 6.8% Syria, 9.9% Lebanon, 8.2% Libya
Turkish Sector major trade partners: imports (1979)—43% Turkey, 21.2% UK, 7% Italy, 6.6% West Germany, 2.7% France; exports (1979)—66.4% UK, 21% Turkey, 3.7% West Germany
Budget: (1980 est.) revenues $489.7 million, expenditures $582.7 million, deficit $93.0 million
Turkish Sector budget: (1980 prelim.) revenues $33.1 million, expenditures $62.0 million, deficit $28.9 million
Monetary conversion rate: 1 Cyprus pound=US$2.834 (1980 average)
Turkish Sector monetary conversion rate: 76.04 Turkish lira=US$1 (1980 average)
Fiscal year: calendar year

### COMMUNICATIONSCOMMUNICATIONS

Railroads: none
Highways: 9,710 km total; 4,580 km bituminous surface treated; 5,130 km gravel, crushed stone, and earth
Ports: 3 major (Famagusta, Larnaca, Limassol), 6 minor; Famagusta under Turkish Cypriot control
Civil air: 7 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 12 total, 11 usable; 8 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 4 with runways 2,440-3,656 m
Telecommunications: moderately good telecommunication system in both Greek and Turkish sectors; 92,580 telephones (15.0 per 100 popl.); 10 AM, 4 FM, and 25 TV stations; tropospheric scatter circuits to Greece and Turkey; 2 submarine coaxial cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station

### DEFENSE FORCESDEFENSE FORCES

Military manpower: males 15-49, 174,000; 123,000 fit for military service; about 5,000 reach military age (18) annually
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1981, $57.7 million; about 14.8% of central government budget