OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Dorieus 1.

DORIEUS（Δωριεύς), eldest son of Anaxandrides, king of Sparta, by his first wife [Anaxandrides], was however born after the son of the second marriage, Cleomenes, and therefore excluded from immediate succession. He was accounted the first in personal qualities of Sparta's young men, and feeling it an indignity to remain under the rule of one so inferior to him in worth, and so narrowly before him in claim to the throne, he left his country hastily, and without consulting the oracle of Delphi, to establish for himself a kingdom elsewhere. He led his colony first, under the guidance of some Theraeans, to Libya: the spot he here chose, Cinyps by name, was excellent; but he was driven out ere long by the Libyans and Carthaginians, and led the survivors home. He now, under the sanction of the oracle, set forth to found a Heracleia in the district pronounced to be the property of Hercules, and to have been reserved by him for any descendant who might come to claim it, Eryx, in Sicily. In his passage thitherward, along the Italian coast, he found the people of Croton preparing (B. C. 510) for their conflict with Sybaris, and induced, it would seem, by the connexion between Croton and Sparta (Müller, Dor. bk. x. 7. § 12), he joined in the expedition. and received, after the fall of the city, a plot of land, on which he built a temple to Athena, of the Crathis. Such was the story given to Herodotus by the remnants of the Sybarites, who were his fellow-citizens at Thurii, denied however by the Crotoniats, on the evidence, that while Callias, the Elean prophet, had received from them various rewards, still enjoyed there by his posterity, in return of his service in the war, nothing of the sort recalled the name of Dorieus. This, however, if Dorieus was bent on his Sicilian colony, is quite intelligible. He certainly pursued his course to Eryx, and there seems to have founded his Heracleia ; but ere long, he and all his brother Spartans with him, a single man excepted [Euryleon], were cut off in a battle with the Egestaeans, and, as it seems, the Carthaginians. He left however behind him a son, Euryanax, who accompanied his cousin Pausanias in the campaign (B. C. 479) against Mardonius. Why this son did not succeed rather than Leonidas, on the death of Cleomenes, is not clear; Müller suggests, comparing Plut. Agis c. 11, that a Heracleid, leaving his country to settle elsewhere lost his rights at home. (Herod. v. 41 - 66; ix. 10, 53, 55; Diod. iv. 23; Paus. iii. 16. § 4, and 3. § 8.) [A. H. C.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Cynortes

CYNORTES or CYNORTAS (Κυνόρτης), a son of Amyclas by Diomede, and brother of Hyacinthus. After the death of his brother Argalus, he became king of Sparta and father of Oebalus or of Perieres. His tomb was shewn at Sparta not far from the Scias. (Paus. iii. 1. § 3, 13. § 1; Apollod. iii. 10. § 3; Schol. ad Eurip. Orest. 447.) [L. S.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Dysponteus

DYSPONTEUS or DYSPO'NTIUS (Δυσποντεύς or Δυσπόντιος), according to Pausanias (vi. 22. § 6), a son of Oenomaus, but according to Stephanus of Byzantium (s. v. Δυσπόντιον), a son of Pelops, was believed to be the founder of the town of Dyspontium, in Pisatis. [L. S.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ballantyne, John (1778-1830)

​BALLANTYNE, JOHN (1778–1830), divine, was born in the parish of Kinghorn 8 May 1778; entered the university of Edinburgh in 1795, and joined the Burgher branch of the Secession church, though his parents belonged to the establishment. He was ordained minister of a congregation at Stonehaven, Kincardineshire, in 1805. In 1824 be published ‘A Comparison of Established and Dissenting Churches, by a Dissenter.’ In 1830 this pamphlet, which had failed to excite notice, was republished with additions during the 'voluntary church' controversy of the period. Ballantyne's partisanship in the controversy is said to have injured the reception of his ‘Examination of the Human Mind,’ the first part of which appeared in 1828; two further parts were intended, but never appeared. The failure, however, may be accounted for without the influence of party spirit. It is the work of a thoughtful but not very original student of Reid and Dugald Stewart, with some criticism of Thomas Brown. It is recorded that Ballantyne managed to pay for publication out of his own savings, handing over a sum bestowed on the occasion by a generous patron to some missionary purpose. Ballantyne suffered from indigestion brought on by excessive application, and died 5 Nov. 1830.
[McKerrow's Church of the Secession, pp. 913-16; Recollections by T. Longmuir, Aberdeen, 1872; McCosh's Scottish Philosophy, pp. 388-392.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ballantyne, Thomas

​BALLANTYNE, THOMAS (1806–1871), journalist, was a native of Paisley, where he was born in 1806. Becoming editor of the ‘Bolton Free Press,’ he at an early period of his life took an active part in advocating social and political reforms. While editor of the ‘Manchester Guardian’ he became intimately associated with Messrs. Cobden and Bright in their agitation against the corn laws, and in 1841 he published the ‘Corn Law Repealer's Handbook.’ Along with Mr. Bright he was one of the four original proprietors of the ‘Manchester Examiner,’ his name appearing as the printer and publisher. After the fusion of the ‘Examiner’ with the ‘Times,’ he became editor of the ‘Liverpool Journal,’ and later of the ‘Mercury.’ Subsequently he removed to London to edit the ‘Leader,’ and he was for a time associated with Dr. Mackay in the editorial department of the ‘Illustrated London News.’ He also started the ‘Statesman,’ which he edited till its close, when he became editor of the ‘Old St. James's Chronicle.’ Notwithstanding his journalistic duties, he found time to contribute a number of papers on social and political topics to various reviews and magazines: in addition to which he published:
* ‘Passages selected from the Writings of Thomas Carlyle, with a Biographical Memoir,’ 1855 and 1870.
* ‘Prophecy for 1855, selected from Carlyle's Latterday Pamphlets,’ 1855.
* ‘Ideas, Opinions, and Facts,’ 1865.
* ‘Essays in Mosaic,’ 1870.
Regarding his proficiency in this species of compilation, Carlyle himself testifies as follows: ‘I have long recognised in Mr. Ballantyne a real talent for excerpting significant passages from books, magazines, newspapers (that contain any such), and for presenting them in lucid arrangement, and in their most interesting and readable form.’ Ballantyne died at London 30 Aug. 1871.
[Sutton's Lancashire Authors, p. 7; Glasgow Daily Mail, 9 Sept. 1871; Paisley Weekly Herald, 11 Sept. 1871.]
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ballantyne, William

​BALLANTYNE, WILLIAM (1616–1661), catholic divine. [See Ballenden.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ballard, Edward George

​BALLARD, EDWARD GEORGE (1791–1860), miscellaneous writer, was the son of Edward Ballard, an alderman of ​Salisbury, and Elizabeth, daughter of G. F. Benson of that city. Owing to the delicacy of his health, his education was much neglected. He obtained a situation in the Stamp Office in 1809, and, having resigned this appointment, entered the Excise Office, which he also left of his own accord in 1817. He applied himself vigorously to study. In 1817 he became a contributor to Wooller's ‘Reasoner.’ The following year he married Mary Ann Shadgett, and wrote several criticisms and verses for the ‘Weekly Review,’ then edited by his brother-in-law, William Shadgett. He contributed to the ‘Literary Chronicle’ and the ‘Imperial Magazine’ under the signature E. G. B., and to the ‘Literary Magnet’ and the ‘World of Fashion’ under that of Γ. He published in 1825 a volume entitled ‘A New Series of Original Poems,’ and a few years after another entitled ‘Microscopic Amusements.’ He was exceedingly fond of research. Robert Benson [q. v.], his cousin, and Hatcher received no small help from him in writing their ‘History of Salisbury’ (1843), which formed part of Hoare's ‘Wiltshire.’ He helped John Gough Nichols in the works undertaken for the Camden Society. In 1848 he brought out some parts of a continuation of Strype's ‘Ecclesiastical Annals’ in a publication called the ‘Surplice,’ but this paper and Ballard's scheme soon came to an end. He wrote occasionally in the ‘Gentleman's Magazine,’ and in ‘Notes and Queries.’ He lost his wife in 1820. He died at Islington on 14 Feb. 1860, leaving a son, Edward Ballard, M.D., author of several medical works, and a daughter.
[Gent. Mag. 3rd ser. vol. viii. 1860.]
W. H.
# Cruz v. Hauck

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.

## Concurring Opinion

    Douglas
United States Supreme Court
404 U.S. 59
Cruz et al. v. Hauck, Sheriff
On Petition for Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
No. 70-5343
Certiorari granted; vacated and remanded.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health/Concurrence Scalia

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Concurring Opinions O'Connor Scalia
* Dissenting Opinions Brennan Stevens
# Cry

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Cry."
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This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* A Cry, a poem by Sara Teasdale
* The Cry, a poem by John Cowper Powys
# Cruz v. Hauck/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Per Curiam Opinion of the Court
* Concurring Opinion Douglas
United States Supreme Court
404 U.S. 59
Cruz v. Hauck
The motion for leave to proceed in forma pauperis and the petition for a writ of certiorari are granted. The judgment is vacated and the case is remanded to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fith Circuit for further consideration in light of Younger v. Gilmore, 404 U.S. 15, 92 S.Ct. 250, 30 L.Ed.2d 142.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Proschium

​PRO'SCHIUM (Πρόσχιον: Eth. Προσχειύς), a town of Aetolia, between the Achelous and the Evenus, is said to have been founded by the Aeolians when they removed from the Homeric Pylene higher up into the country. [Pylene.] Proschium also laid claim to high antiquity, since it possessed a shrine said to have been dedicated by Hercules to his cup-bearer Cyathus, whom he had unintentionally slain. It is clear, from a narrative of Thucydides, that Proschium lay west of Calydon and Pleuron, and at no great distance from the Achelous. Leake places it on the western part of Mt. Zygos (the ancient Aracynthus), near the monastery of St. George between Anatoliko and Anghelokastro (Strab. x. p. 451; Athen. x. p. 411, a.; Thuc. iii. 102, 106; Steph. B. s.v.; Leake, Northern Greece, vol. i. p. 119.)
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Prosolene

​PROSOLENE. [Pordoselene.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Peoseis

​PEOSEIS. [ Arcadia, p. 192, b. No. 7.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Propontis

​PROPONTIS (Πρωπονίς: Sea of Marmora), the sea between Thrace and Asia Minor, forming an intermediate sea between the Aegean and the Euxine, with the latter of which it communicates through the narrow strait of the Thracian Bosporus, and with the former through the Hellespont. Its ancient name Propontis describes it as " the sea be-
fore the entrance of the Pontus" or Euxine; while its modern name is derived from the island of Marmora, the ancient Proconnesus, near the western entranceof the sea. (Appul. de Mund. p. 6 ; Steph. B. s. v. (Πρωπονίς) The first authors who mention the Propontis under this name are Aeschylus (Pers. 876), Herodotus (iv. 85), and Scylax (pp. 28, 35); and Herodotus seems even to have made an accurate measurement of this sea, of which he states the length, to be 1400 stadia, and the breadth 500. Later writers such as Strabo (ii. p. 125) and Agathemerus (ii. 14), abandoning the correct view of their predecessor, state that the breadth of the Propontis is almost equal to its length, although, assuming the Propontis to extend as far as Byzantium, they include in its length a portion of the Thracian Bosporus. Modern geographers reckon about 120 miles from one strait to the other, while the greatest breadth of the Propontis from the European to the Asiatic coast does not exceed 40 miles. The form of the Propontis would be nearly oval, were it not that in its south-eastern part Mt. Arganthonius with the promontory of oseidion forms two deep bays, that of Astacus [Sinus Astacenus] and that of Cius [Cianus Sinus]. The most important cities on the coasts of the Propontis are: Perinthius, Selymbria, Byzantium, Chalcedon, Astacus, Cius, and Cyzicus. In the south-west there are several islands, as Proconnesus, Ophiusa and Alone; at the eastern extremity, south of Chalcedon, there is a group of small islands called Demonnesi, while one small island, Besbicus, is situated in front of the bay of Cius. (Comp. Polyb. iv. 39, 42; Strab. xii. p. 574, xiii. pp. 563, 583; Ptol. v. 2. § 1, vii. 5. § 3, viii. 11. § 2, 17. § 2; Agath. i. 13; Dionys. Per. 137; Pomp. Mela, i. 1, 3, 19, ii. 2, 7 ; Plin. iv. 24, v. 40 ; Kruse, Ueber Herodots Ausmessung des Pontus Euxinus, &c, Breslau, 1820.) [ L. S. ]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Pronaea

​PRONAEA. [Nemesa]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Proni

​PRONI, PRONNI, or PRONE'SUS (Πρόννοι, Pol.; Προναῖοι,, Thuc.; Πρωνῆσος, Strab.), one of the four towns of Cephallenia, situated upon the south-eastern coast. Together with the other towns of Cephallenia it joined the Athenian alliance in B.C. 431. (Thuc. ii. 30.) It is described by Polybius as a small fortress; but it was so difficult to besiege that Philip did not venture to attack it, but sailed against Pale. (Pol. v. 3.) Pale. Livy, in his account of the surrender of Cephallenia to the Romans in B.C. 189, speaks of the Nesiotae, Cranii, Palenses, and Samaei. Now as we know that Proni was one of the four towns of Cephallenia, it is probable that Nesiotae is a false reading for Pronesiotae, which would be the ethnic form of Pronesus, the name of the town in Strabo (x. p. 455). Proni or Pronesus was one of the three towns which continued to exist in the island after the destruction of Same. (Comp. Plin. iv. 12. s. 19.) The remains of Proni are found not far above the shore of Liménia, a harbour about 3 miles to the northward of C. Kapri. (Leake, Northern Greece, Vol. iii. p. 66.)
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Prophthasia

​PROPHTHA'SIA. [Drangiana.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Prolaqueum

​PROLA'QUEUM (Pioraco), a village or station on the branch of the Via Flaminia which crossed the Apennines from Nuceria (Nocera) to Septempeda (S. Severino). It was situated at the foot of the pass on the E. side of the mountains, and evidently derived its name from its being at the outflow of a small lake which discharges its waters into the Potenza. Cluverius speaks of the lake as still existing in his time: it is not marked on modern maps, but the village of Pioraco still preserves the traces of the ancient name. The Itinerary reckons 16 M. P. from Nuceria to Prolaqueum, and 15 from thence to Septempeda. (Itin. Ant. p. 312; Cluver. Ital. p. 614.) [ E. H. B. ]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Promona

​PRO'MONA (Πρώμονα, Appian, Ilyr. 12, 2—5—28; Peut. Tab.; Geogr. Rav. iv. 16), a town of the Liburni, situated on a hill, and, in addition to its natural defences strongly fortified. Octavianus, in the campaign of B. C. 34, surrounded it and the adjacent rocky heights with a wall for the space of 40 stadia, and defeating Teutimus, who had come to its relief, forced an entrance into the town, and obliged the enemy to evacuate the citadel. There is every reason to believe that Promona stood on the skirts of the craggy hills, which, with the neighbouring district, now bear the name of Promina. As the Peutinger Table places it on the road from Burnum to Salona, it must be looked for on the SW. side of the mountain of Promina, in the direction of Dernis. (Wilkinson, Dalmatia, vol. i. p. 206.) [ E. B. J. ]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Boswell, John

1904 Errata appended.
​BOSWELL, JOHN (1698–1756), author, was descended from a Gloucestershire family, and was born at Dorchester 23 Jan. 1698. After attending the school at Abbey Milton in Dorsetshire, under the Rev. George Marsh, he proceeded to Balliol College, Oxford, as a commoner. Before taking his bachelor's degree in 1720 he acted as tutor to Lord Kinnaird. He subsequently went to Cambridge and took his degree of M.A. at St. John’s College. He was ordained deacon at Oxford and priest at Wells, and in 1727 was presented to the vicarage of St. Mary Magdalene, Taunton. He was also, from 1730, prebendary of Wells Cathedral. He died in June 1756, aged 58. There is a Latin inscription to his memory in Taunton church.
[Some Account of the Church of St. Mary Magdalene, Taunton, 1846, pp. 43, 49; Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, ii. 607; Le Neve's Fasti, i. 208.]
C. W. S.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.32 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 439 | ii | 7 21 | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Boswell, John: for 1756 read 1757 |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Boswell, Alexander (1706-1782)

1904 Errata appended.
​BOSWELL, ALEXANDER, Lord Auchinleck (1700–1782), Scotch judge, the eldest son of James Boswell of Auchinleck, advocate, and Lady Elizabeth Bruce, third daughter of Alexander, second earl of Bancardine, was born in 1700. After studying at Leyden University, where he graduated 29 Dec. 1727, he was admitted a member of the faculty of advocates 29 Dec. 1729. In 1748 he was appointed sheriff-depute of Wigtownshire, which office he resigned in 1750. Upon the resignation of David Erskine, lord Dun, he was appointed an ordinary lord of session, and on 16 Feb. 1754 took his seat on the bench with the title of Lord Auchinleck. On 22 July in the following year he was also appointed a lord justiciary in the place of Hew Dalrymple, Lord Drummore. This last appointment he resigned in 1780 on account of his feeble state of health. He continued, however, to sit as an ordinary lord until his death, which happened at Edinburgh on 31 Aug. 1782, in the seventy-sixth year of his age. Lord Auchinleck was a sound scholar and a laborious judge. In religion he was a strict presbyterian, and in politics a strong whig. Dr. Johnson's visit to him at Auchinleck in November 1773 is amusingly recounted by his son James in the 'Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides.' Scott gave some additional anecdotes to Croker. It was Lord Auchinleck who is said to have designated Johnson as 'Ursa Major.' Lord Auchinleck married twice. His first wife was Euphemia Erskine, daughter of Colonel John Lrskine and Euphemia his wife. By this marriage there were three sons: James, the biographer of Dr. Johnson; John, who entered the army and died unmarried; and David, who in early life went into business, but afterwards became head of the prize department in the navy office, bought Crawley Grange, Buckinghamshire, and died in 1820. Lord Auchinleck's second wife was his cousin Elizabeth, daughter of John Boswell of Balmuto, and sister of Claud Irvine Boswell [q. v.], afterwards Lord Balmuto. There was no issue of this marriage, which took place on the same day on which his son James was married, 25 Nov. 1709.
[Brunton and Haig's Senators of the College of Justice (1832), p. 518; Boswell's Johnson (Croker's edit. 1831), iii. passim; Dr. Rogers's Boswelliana (1874), passim; Gent. Mag. lii. 55.]
G. F. R. B.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.32 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 428 | i | 16 | Boswell, Alexander, Lord Auchinleck: for 29 Dec. 1729 read 22 July 1727 |
| | | 30 | for 31 read 25 |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Boswell, Claud Irvine

​BOSWELL, CLAUD IRVINE, Lord Balmuto (1742–1824), Scotch judge, was born in 1742. His father, John Boswell of Balmuto, who was the younger brother of James Boswell of Auchinleck, and a writer of the signet in Edinburgh, died when Claud was an infant. At the early age of six he was sent to Mr. Barclay's school at Dalkeith. After finishing his education at Edinburgh University, he was admitted a member of the faculty of advocates on 2 Aug. 1766. On 25 March 1780 he was appointed sheriff depute of Fife and Kinross, and, after serving this office for nineteen years was, upon the death of James Burnett, Lord Monboddo, appointed an ordinary lord of session, and took his seat upon the bench with the title of Lord Balmuto on 21 June 1799. After nearly twenty-three years of judicial work he resigned in January 1822, and was succeeded by William Erskine, Lord Kinedder. The death, under his own roof, of his kinsman, Sir Alexander Boswell, from the effects of a wound received by him in the duel with James Stuart of Dunearn, gave him a shock from which he never entirely recovered. He died at Balmuto on 22 July 1824, in his eighty-third year. He was a robust and atiiletic man, with black hair and beetling eyebrows. His manner was boisterous and hls temper passionate. Though fond of joking, a habit he sometimes indulged in on the bench, he was not particularly keen in the perception of wit in others. In 1783 he married Anne Irvine, who, by the death of her brother and grandfather, became the heiress of Kingcussie, and by whom he left one son and two daughters. Two etchings of him will be found in Kay, Nos. 262 and 300.
G. F. R. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Boswell, Edward

​BOSWELL, EDWARD (1760–1842), antiquary, was born at Piddletown, Dorsetshire, on 5 April 1760, and practised as a solicitor, first at Sherborne, and afterwards at Dorchester, where he died on 30 Oct. 1842. He published: 1. ‘The Civil Division of the County of Dorset,' Sherborne, 1795, 8vo. 2. ‘The Ecclesiastical Division of the ​Diocese of Bristol,' Sherborne [1826?], 8vo.
[Gent Mag. N. S. xix. 95; Cat. of Printed Books in Brit. Mus., Biog. Dict. of Living Authors (1816), 34.]
T. C.