OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Lostwithiel

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​LOSTWITHIEL, a market town and municipal borough in the Bodmin parliamentary division of Cornwall, England, 30½ m. W. of Plymouth by the Great Western railway. Pop. (1901) 1379. It is pleasantly situated on the banks of the river Fowey. The church of St Bartholomew is remarkable for a fine Early English tower surmounted by a Decorated spire; there are also beautiful Decorated windows and details in the body of the church, and a richly carved octagonal font. A bridge of the 14th century crosses the river. The shire hall includes remains of a building, called the Stannary prison, dating from the 13th century. The Great Western railway has workshops at Lostwithiel.
Lostwithiel owed its ancient liberties—probably its existence—to the neighbouring castle of Restormel. The Pipe Rolls (1194-1203) show that Robert de Cardinan, lord of Restormel, paid ten marks yearly for having a market at Lostwithiel. By an undated charter still preserved with the corporation’s muniments he surrendered to the burgesses all the liberties given them by his predecessors (antecessores) when they founded the town. These included hereditary succession to tenements, exemption from sullage, the right to elect a reeve (praepositus) if the grantor thought one necessary and the right to marry without the lord’s interference. By Isolda, granddaughter of Robert de Cardinan, the town was given to Richard, king of the Romans, who in the third year of his reign granted to the burgesses a gild merchant sac and soc, toll, team and infangenethef, freedom from pontage, lastage, &c., throughout Cornwall, and exemption from the jurisdiction of the hundred and county courts, also a yearly fair and a weekly market. Richard transferred the assizes from Launceston to Lostwithiel. His son Edmund, earl of Cornwall, built a great hall at Lostwithiel and decreed that the coinage of tin should be at Lostwithiel only. In 1325 Richard’s charter was confirmed and the market ordered to be held on Thursdays. In 1386 the assizes were transferred back to Launceston. In 1609 a charter of incorporation provided for a mayor, recorder, six capital burgesses and seventeen assistants and courts of record and pie powder. The boundaries of the borough were extended in 1733. Under the reformed charter granted in 1885 the corporation consists of a mayor, four aldermen and twelve councillors. From 1305 to 1832 two members represented Lostwithiel in parliament. The electors after 1609 were the twenty-five members of the corporation. Under the Reform Act (1832) the borough became merged in the county. For the Thursday market granted in 1326 a Friday market was substituted in 1733, and this continues to be held. The fair granted in 1326 and the three fairs granted in 1733 have all given place to others. The archdeacon’s court, the sessions and the county elections were long held at Lostwithiel, but all have now been removed. For the victory gained by Charles I. over the earl of Essex in 1644, see Great Rebellion.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Los Andes

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​LOS ANDES, a former state of Venezuela under the redivision of 1881, which covered the extreme western part of the republic N. of Zamora and S. of Zulia. In the redivision of 1904 Los Andes was cut up into three states—Mérida, Táchira and Trujillo.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Lossiemouth

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​LOSSIEMOUTH, a police burgh of Elginshire, Scotland. Pop. (1901) 3904. It embraces the villages of Lossiemouth, Branderburgh and Stotfield, at the mouth of the Lossie, 51/2 m. N.N.E. of Elgin, of which it is the port, by a branch line of the Great North of Scotland railway. The industries are boat-building and fishing. Lossiemouth, or the Old Town, dates from 1700; Branderburgh, farther north, grew with the harbour and began about 1830; Stotfield is purely modern and contiguous to the splendid golf-course. The cliffs at Covesea, 2 m. W., contain caves of curious shape. Sir Robert Gordon of Gordonstown used one as a stable in the rebellion of 1745; weapons of prehistoric man were found in another, and the roof of a third is carved with ornaments and emblems of early Celtic art.
Kinneddar Castle in the parish of Drainie—in which Lossiemouth is situated—was a seat of the bishops of Moray, and Old Duffus Castle, 21/2 m. S.W.. was built in the reign of David II. The estate of Gordonstown, close by, was founded by Sir Robert Gordon (1580–1656), historian of the Sutherland family, and grandfather of the baronet who, because of his inventions and scientific attainments, was known locally as “Sir Robert the Warlock” (1647–1704). Nearly midway between Lossiemouth and Elgin stand the massive ruins of the palace of Spynie, formerly a fortified residence of the bishops of Moray. “Davie’s Tower,” 60 ft. high with walls 9 ft. thick, was built by Bishop David Stewart about 1470. The adjacent loch is a favourite breeding-place for the sea-birds, which resort to the coast of Elginshire in enormous numbers. A mile S.E. of the lake lies Pitgaveny, one of the reputed scenes of the murder of King Duncan by Macbeth.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Loré, Ambroise de

See also Ambroise de Loré on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​LORÉ, AMBROISE DE (1396–1446), baron of Ivry in Normandy and a French commander, was born at the château of Loré (Orne, arrondissement of Domfront). His first exploit in arms was at the battle of Agincourt in 1415; he followed the party of the Armagnacs and attached himself to the dauphin Charles. He waged continual warfare against the English in Maine until the advent of Joan of Arc. He fought at Jargeau, at Meung-sur-Loire and at Patay (1429). Using his fortress of Saint Céneri as a base of operations during the next few years, he seized upon Matthew Gough near Vivoin in 1431, and made an incursion as far as the walls of Caen, whence he brought away three thousand prisoners. Taken captive himself in 1433, he was exchanged for Talbot. In 1435 he and Dunois defeated the English near Meulan, and in 1436 he helped the constable Arthur, earl of Richmond (de Richmond), to expel them from Paris. He was appointed provost of Paris in February 1437, and in 1438 he was made “judge and general reformer of the malefactors of the kingdom.” He was present in 1439 at the taking of Meaux, in 1441 at that of Pontoise, and he died on the 24th of May 1446.
See the Nouvelle Biographie Générale, vol. xxxi., and the Revue Historique du Maine, vols. iii. and vi.  (J. V.*)
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Lossing, Benson John

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​LOSSING, BENSON JOHN (1813–1891), American historical writer, was born in Beekman, New York, on the 12th of February 1813. After editing newspapers in Poughkeepsie he became an engraver on wood, and removed to New York in 1839 for the practice of his profession, to which he added that of drawing illustrations for books and periodicals. He likewise wrote or edited the text of numerous publications. His Pictorial Field-Book of the Revolution (first issued in 30 parts, 1850–1852, and then in 2 volumes) was a pioneer work of value in American historical literature. In its preparation he travelled some 9000 m. during a period of nearly two years; made more than a thousand sketches, of extant buildings, battlefields, &c.; and presented his material in a form serviceable to the topographer and interesting to the general reader. Similar but less characteristic and less valuable undertakings were a Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812 (1868), and a Pictorial History of the Civil War in the United States of America (3 vols. 1866–1869). His other books were numerous: an Outline History of the Fine Arts; many illustrated histories, large and small, of the United States; popular descriptions of Mount Vernon and other localities associated with famous names; and biographical sketches of celebrated Americans, of which The Life and Times of Major-General Philip Schuyler (2 vols. 1860–1873) was the most considerable. He died at Dover Plains, New York, on the 3rd of June 1891.
# Revue des Questions Scientifiques

published in Brussels and Louvain, Belgium
Vol. 1-53: 1877-1903 Vol. 54: July 1903, October 1903 Vol. 55-92: 1904-1922
# Revolutions

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* "Revolutions", a poem by Matthew Arnold
* "Revolutions", a title given to some editions of Sonnet 60 by William Shakespeare
# Representative women of New England/Elizabeth B. Foster

​ELIZABETH BLODGETT FOSTER was born at Belfast, Me., October 25, 1862. Her father, Samuel Augustus Blodgett, was interested in ship-building, the principal industry of his time in that old seaport town. Mrs. Elizabeth Bean Blodg​ett, her mother, was a genuine New England woman, much devoted to her family. She was of Scottish descent.
Mrs. Foster was educated at the French convent of Villa Marie, Montreal, and was graduated there with honor in 1882, delivering the valedictory in French. She was the winner of the silver medal offered by the Marquis of Lome as Governor-general of Canada, and at a reception tendered him and his wife, the Princess Louise, daughter of Queen Victoria, had the honor of presentation. She also received a gold medal, called the Countess de Borgia medal, for French conversation.
In 1884 she was united in marriage to Dr. Barzillai B. Foster, a native of Unity, Me., and a graduate of the Maine Medical School, connected with Bowdoin College. The home of Dr. and Mrs. Foster is in Portland, Me. They have three sons.
Mrs. Foster has refined literary tastes, and possesses a library of choice books. She is a member of the Woman's Literary Union, of Portland, and president of the Faneuil Club, and is much interested in the charitable work of the city.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Napier of Magdala, Robert Cornelis Napier, 1st Baron

See also Robert Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​In January 1860 Napier was appointed to the command of the 2nd division of the expedition to China under Sir Hope Grant, and took part in the action of Sinho, the storm of the Peiho forts, and the entry to Peking. For his services he received the thanks of parliament, and was promoted major-general for distinguished service in the field. For the next four years Napier was military member of the council of the governor-general of India and, on the sudden death of Lord Elgin, for a short time acted as governor-general, until the arrival of Sir W. T. Denison from Madras. In January 1865 he was given the command of the Bombay army, in March 1867 he was promoted lieutenant-general, and, later in that year, appointed to command the expedition to Abyssinia, selecting his own troops and making all the preparations for the campaign. He arrived at Annesley Bay in the Red Sea early in January 1868, reached Magdala, 420 m. from the coast, in April; stormed the stronghold, freed the captives, razed the place to the ground, returned to the coast, and on the 18th June the last man of the expedition had left Africa. He received for his services the thanks of parliament, a pension, a peerage, the G.C.B. and the G.C.S.I. The freedom of the cities of London and Edinburgh was conferred upon him, with presentation swords, and the universities bestowed upon him honorary degrees. In 1869 he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society. He held the command-in-chief in India for six years from 1870, during which he did much to benefit the army and to encourage good shooting. He was promoted general in 1874, and appointed a colonel-commandant of the Royal Engineers. In 1876 he was the guest of the German crown prince at the military manœuvres, and from that year until 1883 held the government and command of Gibraltar. In the critical state of affairs in 1877 he was nominated commander-in-chief of the force which it was proposed to send to Constantinople. In 1879 he was a member of the royal commission on army organization, and in November of that year he represented Queen Victoria at Madrid as ambassador extraordinary on the occasion of the second marriage of the king of Spain. On the 1st of January 1883 he was promoted to be field-marshal, and in December 1886 appointed Constable of the Tower of London. He died in London on the 14th of January 1890. His remains received a state funeral, and were buried in St Paul’s Cathedral on the 21st of January. He was twice married, and left a large family by each wife, his eldest son, Robert William (b. 1845), succeeding to his barony. A statue of him on horseback by Boehm was erected at Calcutta when he left India, and a replica of it was afterwards set up to his memory in Waterloo Place, London.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Napier

See also Napier, New Zealand on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​NAPIER, a seaport on the east coast of North Island, New Zealand, capital of the provincial district of Hawke’s Bay, 200 m. by rail N.E. of Wellington. Pop. (1906) 9454. The main portion of the town stretches along the flat shoreland of Hawke’s Bay, while the suburbs extend over the hills to the north. The site consists of a picturesque peninsula known as Scinde Island. The harbour (Port Ahuriri) is sheltered by a breakwater. The cathedral church of St John (1888) for the bishopric of Waiapu, is one of the finest ecclesiastical buildings in New Zealand, imitating the Early English style in brick. An athenaeum, a small hospital, a lunatic asylum, a philosophical society and an acclimatization society are among the public institutions. The town (named after Sir Charles James Napier) is under municipal government, and returns a member to the New Zealand House of Representatives. The district is agricultural, and large quantities of wool and tinned and frozen meats are exported. There is railway communication with Wellington, New Plymouth, and the Wairarapa, Wanganui and Manawatu districts. Numerous old native pas or fortified villages are seen in the neighbourhood.
# Railway Mechanical Engineer

* Volume 90 – 1916 (Commons file)
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# Railway Network

* Railway Network (December 2006)
* Railway Network (December 2007)
* Railway Network (December 2008)
* Railway Network (November 2010)
* Railway Network (November 2013)
* Railway Network (December 2015)
# Raimond v. Parish of Terrebonne/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
132 U.S. 192
Raimond v. Parish of Terrebonne
Assuming the agreement in writing-waiving a jury, and submitting the case to the decision of the circuit court-to have been seasonably filed, the record is not in such a shape as to authorize this court to review that decision. By the settled construction of the acts of congress defining the appellate jurisdiction of this court, either a statement of facts by the parties, or a finding of facts by the circuit court, is strictly analogous to a special verdict, and must state the ultimate facts of the case, presenting questions of law only, and not be a recital of evidence or of circumstances which may tend to prove the ultimate facts, or from which they may be inferred. Burr v. Navigation Co., 1 Wall. 99; Norris v. Jackson, 9 Wall. 125; Martinton v. Fairbanks, 112 U.S. 670, 5 Sup. Ct. Rep. 321.
In the present case the pleadings present issues of fact. There is no bill of exceptions. The so-called 'statement of facts' is mainly a recapitulation of evidence introduced by the parties at the trial. The case was not submitted to the decision of the court upon that statement only, but the court made a further finding as to what took place at the trial. That finding merely states that the parties admitted that, so far as the facts were stated in a certain reported opinion of the supreme court of Louisiana, they were a correct statement of the facts of this case; but that each party claimed that there existed additional facts, as to which there is no finding. On referring to that opinion such facts as are there stated appear to be scattered through it, intermingled with statements of conflicting evidence, and with the court's conclusions of fact upon that evidence, as well as with its conclusions of law. Rabasse v. Parish of Terrebonne, 30 La. Ann. 287. In short, there is nothing in the present case which can be called in any legal or proper sense, either a statement of facts by the parties, or a finding of facts by the court; and no question of law is presented in such a form as to authorize this court to consider it. Judgment affirmed.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Railway and Locomotive Engineering

Renamed from Locomotive Engineering (1888–1900).
* Volume 14 – 1901 (Commons file)
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* Volume 20 – 1907 (Commons file)
* Volume 21 – 1908 (Commons file)
* Volume 22 – 1909 (Commons file)
* Volume 23 – 1910 (Commons file)
* Volume 24 – 1911 (Commons file)
* Volume 25 – 1912 (Commons file)
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* Volume 27 – 1914 (Commons file)
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* Volume 29 – 1916 (Commons file)
* Volume 30 – 1917 (Commons file)
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* Volume 32 – 1919 (Commons file)
* Volume 33 – 1920 (Commons file)
* Volume 34 – 1921 (Commons file)
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* Volume 41 – 1928 (Commons file)
# Rain, Rain, Go Away

"Rain, Rain, Go Away" is a popular English language nursery rhyme. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 19096. Warning: template has been deprecated.
* "Rain, rain, go away" in Dorsetshire Children's Games, &c by John Symonds Udal (The Folk-Lore Journal, 1889)
* "Rain, rain, go to Spain!" in A Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes by Sabine Baring-Gould (1895)
* "Rain, rain, go away" in The Nursery Rhymes of Mother Goose by Arthur Rackham (St. Nicholas, 1913)
# Raimond v. Parish of Terrebonne

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
132 U.S. 192
Raimond v. Parish of Terrebonne
The plaintiff, without tendering a bill of exceptions, sued out this writ of error.
Alfred Goldth waite, for plaintiff in error.
J. D. Rouse and Wm. Grant, for defendant in error.
Mr. Justice GRAY, after stating the facts as above, delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Rogers v. Palmer

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
102 U.S. 263
Rogers v. Palmer
APPEAL from the Circuit Court of the United States for the District of Minnesota.
The facts as stated in the opinion of the court.
Mr. Edward G. Rogers for the appellant.
Mr. Enoch Totten and Mr. Cushman K. Davis, contra.
MR. JUSTICE MILLER delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Rogers v. Richmond

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This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Rogers v. Richmond (357 U.S. 220)
* Rogers v. Richmond (365 U.S. 534)
# Rogers v. Paul

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
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United States Supreme Court
382 U.S. 198
Rogers v. Paul
Jack Greenberg, James M. Nabrit III, Derrick A. Bell, Jr., and George Howard, Jr., for petitioners.
John P. Woods, for respondents.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Rogers v. Peck

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
199 U.S. 425
Rogers v. Peck
Argued: November 6, 1905. --- Decided: November 27, 1905
The appellant, Mary Mabel Rogers, having been convicted and sentenced in the county court of Bennington, in the state of Vermont, of the crime of murder in the first degree, filed her petition on June 19, 1905, for a writ of habeas corpus against the sheriff and superintendent of the state prison, in the district court of the United States for the district of Vermont. The petition, having been heard, was denied on June 22, 1905. From that order an appeal was taken to this court.
The conviction of appellant was had at the December term, 1903, of the Bennington county court, and she was sentenced to be confined at hard labor in the state prison at Windsor until the 3d day of November, 1904, and on and after that day to be kept in solitary confinement until February 3, 1905, on which day she should suffer the penalty of death by hanging. On the first day of February, 1905, the Governor of the state of Vermont reprieved the execution of sentence until June 2, 1905. On April 29, 1905, the appellant presented a petition for a new trial to two judges of the supreme court of Vermont. On May 5, 1905, the judges made an order allowing the petition for new trial to be filed, and fixed May 10 for the hearing thereof. After hearing before the supreme court, sitting at Montpelier, Washington county, on May 30 an order was made dismissing the petition, and refusing the new trial. Rogers v. State, 77 Vt. 454, 61 Atl. 489. On June 1, 1905, the execution of sentence was further reprieved by the Governor until June 23, 1905. Thereupon appellant filed her petition in the Federal court for the writ of habeas corpus, which was dismissed, as heretofore stated. On the date of the dismissal of her petition (June 22, 1905), the Governor further reprieved the execution of the sentence until December 8, 1905. The appeal to this court was allowed on June 22, 1905. The petitioner (appellant) averred that, by the various proceedings in the state courts and her incarceration in the prison in solitary confinement, she has been restrained of her liberty and is about to be executed without due process of law, guaranteed for her protection by the 14th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States.
Messrs. Tracy L. Jeffords, T. W. Moloney, and F. M. Butler for appellant.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 427-428 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Clarke C. Fitts for appellee.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 428-431 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice Day delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse