OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Graham, James (1799-1874)

​GRAHAM, JAMES, fourth Duke and seventh Marquis of Montrose (1799 –1874), born 16 July 1799, was elder son of James Graham, third duke [q. v.], by his second wife. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated M.A. in 1819. As Marquis of Graham he represented Cambridge in parliament from 1825 to 1832, and opposed the Reform Bill. He was created a privy councillor (23 Feb. 1821), and was a commissioner of the India board (4 Feb. 1828-November 1830). He succeeded to the family honours on the death of his father in 1836. Montrose was a tory of the old school, and opposed the free-trade measures of Sir Robert Peel in 1846. He was lord steward of the queen's household during the first Derby administration from 27 Feb. 1852 to 4 Jan. 1853, and, on Lord Derby again taking office in 1858, he was chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster. From July 1866 to December 1868 he was postmaster-general. In this capacity he concluded a postal convention with the United States, India, and China, which considerably reduced the tariff for letters passing between Great Britain and those countries. He also effected improvements in the mail contracts with the East, which were held by the Peninsular and Oriental Company. In the session of 1868 Montrose brought forward in the House of Lords the Electric Telegraphs Bill, which placed the telegraphic communication of the country under the government and in the hands of the post office. Montrose was elected chancellor of the university of Glasgow in 1837, and from 1827 was honorary colonel of the Stirling, Dumbarton, Clackmannan, and Kinross militia. He was also major-general of the royal archers, the queen's bodyguard in Scotland, and was appointed lord-lieutenant of Stirlingshire (28 Feb. 1843). He died at Cannes on 30 Dec. 1874. He married, 15 Oct. 1836, Caroline Agnes, third daughter of John Beresford, second Lord Decies. He was succeeded in the dukedom and estates by his only son, Douglas Beresford Malise Ronald Graham (b. 7 Nov. 1852).
G. B. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Graham, James (1631?-1669)

​GRAHAM, JAMES, second Marquis of Montrose (1631?–1669), surnamed the 'Good' marquis, was the second son of James, first marquis [q. v.], by his wife, Lady Madeline Carnegie, daughter of the sixth Earl of Southesk. Shortly after the death of his elder brother at the Bog of Gight in 1645, he was seized by General Urrie at Montrose, where, 'a young bairne about 14 years,' he was attending school under the care of a tutor (Spalding, Memorials, ii. 455). Both he and ​his tutor were sent by Urrie to Edinburgh, where they were for a time imprisoned in the castle. On the execution of his father, the great marquis, for high treason, 20 May 1650, the estates were forfeited. After the defeat of the attempt of Charles II in 1652 Montrose made his appearance in London, but being disappointed at his reception by Cromwell took his departure for Scotland, where, however, his estates were restored to him ('Nicholas Papers,' published by Camden Society, p. 302). In the following year he took part in the rising in the highlands under the Earl of Glencairn. The presence there of his hereditary enemy, Lord Lorne, led in March 1653-4 to a quarrel between them, in which Montrose 'had like to have killed him' (Whitelocke, Memorials, p. 583). When matters in the highlands began to look desperate, he and Glencairn sent to Monck that they might be received on terms of life (ib. p. 599). Shortly afterwards Montrose with a force of two hundred men was completely routed by a much smaller force under Cornet Peas (ib. p. 605). He and his party then made separate terms with Monck, agreeing on the 23rd to come to Dundee and deliver up their arms, and to give security for 3,000l. (Cal. State Papers, Dom. Ser. 1654, p. 300). After the Restoration he took part on 1 Jan. 1661 in the state funeral of his father at the abbey church of Holyrood. He declined to vote at the trial of the Marquis of Argyll in the following April, admitting that 'he had too much resentment to judge in that matter' (Burnet, Own Time, ed. 1838, p. 84). Montrose established a claim of 100,664l. Scots against the Earl of Argyll, as a recompense for lands which had been given to the Marquis of Argyll on his father's forfeitures (Cal. State Papers, Dom. Ser. 1661-2, p. 357). The matter led to a long litigation between them, but finally by mutual concessions a satisfactory arrangement was reached, and on 23 Feb. 1667 they drank each other's healths in the presence of the lord commissioners (Argyll Correspondence, published by the Bannatyne Club, p. 73). Montrose was appointed an extraordinary lord of session, 25 June 1668. He died in February of the following year, and Argyll, whom he appointed guardian to 'his son, journeyed all the way from Inverary to Perthshire to attend his funeral (Hist. MSS. Comm. 6th Rep. p. 609). By his wife, Lady Isabella Douglas, countess dowager of Roxburghe, fifth daughter of the second Earl of Morton, he had two sons (James, third marquis, d. 1684, and Charles, who died young) and two daughters.
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Graham, James (1755-1836)

​GRAHAM, JAMES, third Duke of Montrose (1755–1836), born 8 Sept. 1755, was eldest son of William, second duke of Montrose. Educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, he proceeded M.A. jure natalium in 1775. On 11 Sept. 1780 he was elected M.P. for Richmond in Yorkshire, and sat for Great Bedwin in Wiltshire in the parliaments of 1784 and 1790. He joined Pitt's administration in December 1783 as a lord of the treasury, and held the post until 8 April 1789. He opposed Fox's East India bill in 1783, proposed Addington (afterwards Viscount Sidmouth) as speaker on 8 May 1789, and at the end of the same year moved the address on the Spanish convention. From 6 Aug. 1789 until February 1791 he was paymaster-general of the forces, jointly with Lord Mulgrave. On 8 Aug. 1789 he became vice-president of the board of trade and a member of the privy council. On his father's death (23 Sept. 1790) he succeeded to the dukedom. From 7 Dec. 1790 till 1795 he was master of the horse; served as commissioner for the affairs of India 16 May 1791 until 22 Oct. 1803, and was lord justice-general of Scotland from 14 Jan. 1795 until his death, when the office was amalgamated with that of lord president of the court of session. In 1803 he moved the address of the House of Lords to the king on his escape from the conspiracy of Colonel E. M. Despard [q. v.] He was president of the board of trade, under Pitt, from 7 June 1804 until the change of administration on Pitt's death in February 1806, and for most of that time was also joint postmaster-general. In 1805 he voted for Lord Melville's acquittal. Under the Duke of Portland he again became (4 April 1807) master of the horse, and held the office until his resignation in 1830; was lord chamberlain, in succession to the Marquis of Hertford, from December 1821 to May 1827, and from 18 Feb. 1828 to 15 July 1830.
Montrose was chancellor of the university of Glasgow from December 1780 until his death; was lord-lieutenant of the counties of Stirling and Dumbarton; and was knight of the order of the Thistle from 14 June 1793 until 26 March 1812, when he was made a knight of the Garter. A disparaging estimate of his character and abilities is to be found in the 'Greville Memoirs.' He obtained for the highlanders permission to resume the national dress, which had long been prohibited by law.
He married, on 22 Feb. 1785, Jemima Elizabeth (d. 17 Sept. 1786), daughter of John, second earl of Ashburnham, and had by her an only son who died in infancy. He married again, on 24 July 1790, Caroline Maria (d.26 March 1847), daughter of George, fourth duke of Manchester, by whom he had two sons and five daughters. His elder son, James, fourth duke, is separately noticed. He died at his mansion in Grosvenor Square on 30 Dec. 1836, and was buried in the mausoleum of the Earls of Montrose at Aberuthven in Perthshire.
E. J. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Graham, James (1676-1746)

​GRAHAM, JAMES (1676–1746), dean of the Faculty of Advocates, born 8 Dec. 1676, studied at Leyden (Index of Leyden Students, p. 43); was admitted member of the Faculty of Advocates; was appointed judge of the Scotch court of admiralty (1739), and became dean of faculty. He was founder of the family of Graham of Airth Castle, Stirlingshire. He married Lady Mary Livingston, daughter of the Earl of Callendar, and had issue two sons and two daughters. He died at Edinburgh, 5 Nov. 1746.
[Burke's Dict. of the Landed Gentry, 4th ed. p. 583; Scots Mag. November 1746, p. 550; Anderson's Scottish Nation, ii. 344.]
F. W-t.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Graham, James (1765-1811)

​GRAHAM, JAMES (1765–1811), Scotch poet. [See Grahame.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Nicoll

​ NICOLL. [See also Nichol and Nicol.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Nicoll, Alexander

​NICOLL, ALEXANDER (1793–1828), orientalist, youngest son of John Nicoll, was born at Monymusk, Aberdeenshire, 3 April 1793. After attending successively a private school, the parish school, and Aberdeen grammar school, he entered Aberdeen University, where he studied two years with distinction. In 1807 he removed to Balliol College, Oxford, on a Snell exhibition, and graduated B.A. in 1811, and M.A. in 1814. He began his special oriental studies in 1813, and was afterwards appointed sub-librarian in the Bodleian Library. In 1817 he took deacon's orders, and became a curate in an Oxford church. In 1822 he succeeded Dr. Richard Laurence [q. v.] as regius professor of Hebrew and canon of Christ Church, on the presentation of the Earl of Liverpool, prime minister, and was made D.C.L. in the same year. He died of bronchitis on 24 Sept. 1828. He was twice married—first to a Danish lady, who died in 1825; and, secondly, to Sophia, daughter of James Parsons, the editor of the Oxford ‘Septuagint,’ who prepared a posthumous volume of Nicoll's sermons, with memoir, in 1830. By his second wife he left three daughters.
Nicoll's main work was his catalogues of the oriental manuscripts in the Bodleian Library. He first arranged those brought from the east by Edward Daniel Clarke [q. v.], and published in 1815 a second part of the catalogue, which dealt with the oriental manuscripts; the first part, dealing with the classi​cal manuscripts, had been issued by Gaisford in 1812. In 1818 Nicoll published ‘Notitia Codicis Samaritano-Arabici Pentateuchi in Bibl. Bodleiana,’ Oxford, royal 8vo. Finally, he added in 1821 a second part to the ‘Bibliothecæ Bodleianæ Codicum Manuscriptorum Orientalium Catalogus,’ of which the first part, by Joannes Uri [q. v.], the Hungarian scholar, had appeared in 1788. The third part, by Edward Bouverie Pusey [q. v.], was printed in 1835. These compilations gained for Nicoll a European reputation, and such was his linguistic fame that it was commonly said of him that he might pass to the Great Wall of China without the services of an interpreter.
[Memoir by Rev. J. Parsons; Anderson's Scottish Nation; Foster's Alumni Oxon.; Chambers's Biogr. Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen, pp. 218–19; Macray's Annals of the Bodleian Library, 1889, 2nd ed.]
T. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Nicolas Breakspear

​NICOLAS BREAKSPEAR. Pope Adrian IV (d. 1159). [See Adrian.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Nicolay, William

​NICOLAY, Sir WILLIAM (1771–1842), colonial administrator, was born in 1771 of an old Saxe-Gotha family settled in England. He entered the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, as a cadet 1 Nov. 1785, but did not obtain a commission as second lieutenant royal artillery until 28 May 1790. In April 1791 he embarked for India with two newly formed companies of royal artillery, known as the ‘East India Detachment,’ which subsequently formed the nucleus of the old sixth battalion (Duncan, Hist. Roy. Artillery, ii. 2). He served under Lord Cornwallis at the siege of Seringapatam in 1792, and was an assistant-engineer at the reduction of Pondicherry in 1793. Meanwhile, with some other artillery subalterns, he had been transferred in November 1792 to the royal engineers, in which he became first-lieutenant 15 Aug. 1793 and captain 29 Aug. 1798. He was present at the capture of St. Lucia, and was left there as commanding engineer by Sir John Moore. He afterwards served under Sir Ralph Abercromby at Tobago and Trinidad until compelled to return home by a broken thigh, which incapacitated him for duty for two years. When the royal staff corps was formed, to provide a corps for quartermaster-general's and engineer duties which should be under the horse guards (instead of under the ordnance), Nicolay was appointed major of the new corps from 26 June 1801, and on 4 April 1805 became lieutenant-colonel. He was employed on the defences of the Kent and Sussex coasts during the invasion alarms of 1804–5, and on intelligence duties under Sir John Moore in Spain in 1808, and was present at Corunna. He became a brevet-colonel 4 June 1813. In 1815 he proceeded to Belgium in command of five companies of the royal staff corps, and was present at the battle of Waterloo (C.B. and medal) and the occupation of Paris. There he remained until the division destined to occupy the frontier, of which the staff corps formed part, moved to Cambray. He became a major-general 12 Aug. 1819. He was governor of Dominica from April 1824 to July 1831, of St. Kitts, Nevis, Antigua, and the Virgin Islands from January 1831 to December 1832, and of Mauritius from 1832 to February 1840, an anxious time, as, owing to the recent abolition of slavery and other causes, there was much ill-feeling in the island towards the English.
Nicolay, a C.B. and K.C.H., was promoted to lieutenant-general 10 Jan. 1837, and was appointed colonel, 1st West India regiment, 30 Nov. 1839. He died at his residence, Oriel Lodge, Cheltenham, on 3 May 1842. He married in 1806 the second daughter of the Rev. E. Law of Whittingham, Northumberland.
H. M. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Nicoll, Francis

​NICOLL, FRANCIS (1770–1835), Scottish divine, third son of John Nicoll, merchant, Lossiemouth, Elgin, was born there in 1770. He studied at King's College, Aberdeen, graduated M.A. in 1789, and was licensed as a preacher by the presbytery of Elgin in 1793. After spending several years as tutor in the family of Sir James Grant of Grant, bart., he was presented by the Earl of Moray to the parish of Auchtertool in Fife, and ordained 21 Sept. 1797. Two years afterwards he was translated to the united parishes of Mains and Strathmartine in Forfarshire, which were then newly conjoined, and he was admitted to the charge on 19 Sept. 1799. The church of Mains was built for him in 1800, and the degree of D.D. was conferred upon him by St. Andrews University in 1807. He held a high position in the church courts both as a debater and a man of affairs, and in 1809 he was elected moderator of the general assembly of the church of Scotland. In 1819 he was presented by the Prince Regent to the parish of St. Leonard's, Fife, and was in the same year made principal of the united colleges of St. Leonard's and St. Salvator's in the university of St. Andrews, in succession to James Playfair. In March 1822 he was chosen rector of St. Andrews University, and he drew up the address presented to George IV during the royal visit in August of that year. Nicoll resigned his office as minister of St. Leonard's parish in 1824, and died on 8 Oct. 1835. In his government of St. Andrews University he proved an efficient administrator.
A. H. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Nicolls, Benedict

​NICOLLS, BENEDICT (d. 1433), bishop of St. David's, is described by Godwin as a bachelor of laws; he was rector of ‘Staplebridge in the diocese of Salisbury’ (? Stapleford, Wiltshire) in 1408, when he was made bishop of Bangor by papal bull dated 18 April; he received the temporalities on 22 July, and spiritualities on 10 Aug. In 1410 he was one of those who tried and condemned the lollard John Badby [q. v.], and in 1413 was assessor to the Archbishop of Canterbury when Sir John Oldcastle [q. v.] was tried and excommunicated. Next year he appears as a trier of petitions from Gascony and parts beyond sea. On 17 Dec. 1418 he was transferred to St. David's in succession to Stephen Patrington [q. v.]; he made his profession of obedience to the Archbishop of Canterbury on 12 Feb. following, and had the temporalities restored on 1 June. In 1419 he was guarantee for a loan to the king (Rolls of Parl. iv. 117 b; in the index Nicolls is confused both with a predecessor at St. David's, John Catrick, and his successor, Thomas Rodburn [q. v.]). In 1425 he was one of those appointed to determine the claim of precedence between the earls marshal and Warwick; in 1427 he was present at the opening of parliament, when Henry Chichele [q. v.], archbishop of Canterbury, preached against the statute of provisors, and in the following year subscribed to the answer which parliament returned to Gloucester defining his position as protector (cf. Stubbs, Const. Hist. iii. 107). In 1429 he was again a trier of petitions. He died on 25 June 1433, and was buried in St. David's Cathedral, where he had founded a chantry. His will, made on 14 June 1433, was proved on 14 Aug. following.
A. F. P.
# Thom's Irish Who's Who/Maguire, Henry Joseph

​MAGUIRE, Henry Joseph, Barrister, Clerk of Judgments, Records and Writs; youngest surviving son of the late John Francis Maguire, M.P. for City of Cork: b. 24th May, 1859. Educ. at Clongowes Wood College. Res.: 14 Eglinton Road, Dublin. Club: Stephen's Green.
# Thom's Irish Who's Who/Maguire, Joseph

​MAGUIRE, Joseph, Barrister Kings Inns, 1885; Chief Clerk Registry of Deeds (1908-11); Alderman for West Clontarf (1912-3); Director of the "Freeman's Journal," Ltd. (1912-5); Guardian of the Poor of the N.D.U. and D.U. (1914-19); Member of the Council of the Statistical and Social Inquiry Society of Ireand (1894-1901); Member of the Council of the Civil Service Benevolent Fund, (1902-10); b. 8th January, 1851; son of James Maguire, Esq. of Banbridge; J.P. for Down County. Educ.: St. Patrick's College, Armagh, and St. Colman's College, Violet Hill, Newry; Matriculated in the Catholic University, Ireland (1866), and in the Royal University, Ireland (1881); Auditor of the Law Students' Debating Society (1885), and delivered the Inaugural Address on the Codification of the Laws. Pubns.: A Compendium of the Law and Practice relating to the Registration of Deeds, Judgments, Mortgages, and facts affecting Title to Land (latest edition, 1920); Papers on the Registration of Assurances Bill (1891), and the Local Registration of Title Act (1891), published in the Proceedings of the Statistical and Social Inquiry Society of Ireland, together with a series of letters which appeared in the Dublin Press in reply to criticisms of the O'Conor Don, and Mr. H. D. Montgomery, D.L., on the last-named Act; acted as joint Secretary to a Committee of the Statistical Society interested in the working of this Act (1894); Land Transfer Registration of Deeds and Title (1922); acted as Joint Secretary to the Parliamentary and Municipal Section of the Congress of Public Health (1911); contributed a paper on the Small Dwellings Acquisition Act, 1899, as making for the public health and for good citizenship; received the special thanks of the Congress; supported the project of a Municipal Art Gallery for the housing of the Lane Pictures; lectured in the Father Matthew Hall on literary and historical subjects; interested in Legal Reform and in Social Questions, including the reform of the Poor Law and the adjustment of the relations between capital and labour; addressed Home Rule Meetings in Cornwall (1912); in politics a Constitutionalist, and an advocate of National Development on organised lines; Res.: 14 Elgin Road, Dublin.
# Thom's Irish Who's Who/Maher, Captain George Maurice

​MAHER, Captain George Maurice, D.L. for Co. Wexford (High Sheriff, 1913); late Capt. 7th Dragoon Guards; son of John Maher, J.P., D.L., sometime M.P. for Co. Wexford, of Ballinkeele, and Louisa, dau. of G. B. O'Kelly, of Acton House, Middlesex; b. 1847. Res.: Ballinkeele, Enniscorthy, Co. Wexford. Stephen's Green Club, Dublin; Hibernian United Service Club, Dublin.
# Thom's Irish Who's Who/Magill, Walter Ephraim

​MAGILL, Walter Ephraim, I.A.C., Member of the Incorporated Society of Advertisement Consultants. Educ.: Irish Blue Coat School; served for some years on staffs of "Irish Times" and "Freeman's Journal"; responsible for many very important Publicity Schemes in connection with Dublin Journalism; the first Advertising man in Ireland to practise as an Incorporated Advertisement Consultant; author of pamphlet "Ireland First"; Beacon House, 85-86 Grafton Street, Res.: 29 Rathdown Road, N.C.Road, Dublin.
# Thom's Irish Who's Who/Maguire, James Rochfort

​MAGUIRE, James Rochfort, C.B.E. (1918), M.A. (Oxon): Barrister Inner Temple, 1883; was M.P. for N. Donegal, 1890-92; for W. Clare, 1892-5; a Director of the British S. Africa Co.; son of the late Rev. John M. Maguire, Rector of Kilkeedy, Co. Limerick; b. 1853; m. 1895, Hon. Julia Beatrice, eldest dau of 1st Viscount Peel, P.C. Res.: 3 Cleveland Square, St. James's, London, S.W.1.
# Thom's Irish Who's Who/Maguire, Dr. Thomas Joseph Redmond

​MAGUIRE, Dr. Thomas Joseph Redmond, M.A., B.Ch., B.A.O. (N.U.I.), 1912; D.P.H. (Hons.), N.U.I., 1919. ​Educ. Christian Schools, Marino, Clontarf, and Blackrock College; House Surgeon, Mater Misericordiæ Hospital (1912), and Temple Street Children's Hospital, Dublin (1913); Resident Medical Officer, Dublin Union, 1913-14; Lieut., R.A.M.C, 1915; Capt. R.A.M.C, 1916-19; served in Egypt and Palestine, 1915-19; at different times attached to No. 17 General Hospital, Alexandria, 5th Mounted Brigade Field Ambulance (Sinai, Gaza, and Jerusalem Campaign), and No. 7 Prisoner of War Hospital, Tel-el-Kebir, and commanded No. 3 Egyptian Detention Hospital "in the field." Received thanks of War Office; decorations, 1914-15, Star, General Service and Victory Medals. Extern Assistant to the Master, Coombe Hospital, 1919; Resident Medical Officer, Dublin Union, 1919-20; Member of Medical Boards, Ministry of Pensions, since 1920; Medical Referee, Ministry of Pensions, 1921-2; Medical Officer, Dublin Civil Service Medical Aid Association, since 1920. Hon. Anaesthetist, Incorporated Dental Hospital of Ireland, 1922; Fellow Royal Academy of Medicine in Ireland, 1922; b. 15th Sept., 1885; third son of Joseph Maguire, Esq., B.L., 14 Elgin Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin Recns.: golfing, bathing, tennis, sketching. Res.: 52 Fitzwilliam Square, Dublin.
# Thom's Irish Who's Who/Maguire, James Joseph Constantine

​MAGUIRE, James Joseph Constantine, Executive Officer, Customs and Excise; entered the Customs Service as Post Cerk in 1902; served at London, 1902-7; Hull, 1907-9; Belfast, 1909-21. Educ.: Christian Schools, Marino, Clontarf, Blackrock College, and University College, Dublin; was undergraduate of the Royal University of Ireland. Recns.: Rugby football; represented Surrey Co., 1903-5; Vice-Captain London Irish R.F.C., 1903-4; cricket, tennis, golfing, music; b. 3rd May, 1882: eldest son of Joseph Maguire, Esq., B.L., of 14 Elgin Road, Dublin. Res.: 60 Fitzwilliam Square, Dublin.
# Thom's Irish Who's Who/Mahon, Lieut.-Gen. The Rt. Hon. Sir Bryan Thomas

​MAHON, Lieut.-Gen. the Rt. Hon. Sir Bryan Thomas, P.C., Irld. (1917), K.C.B. (1918), K.C.V.O (1912), C.B. (1900), D.S.O. (1896); Col. 8th Hussars from 1910; served with Egyptian Army, 1893-1904; in Dongola Expedition, 1896; Nile Expeditions, 1897 and 1898; S. Africa, 1899-1900; Comd. 8th Div. Indian Army, 1909-13: Comdg. British Troops in Serbia, 1915-16: Western Frontier, Egypt, 1916; Comdg. the Forces in Ireland, 1916 to 1918; son of Henry Blake Mahon, of Bellevllle, Co. Galway; b. 1862. Clubs: Naval and Military, and Cavalry.
# Thom's Irish Who's Who/Maguire, Thomas

Tom Maguire
​MAGUIRE, Thomas (M.P. for South Mayo and South Roscommon from 1921). Res.: Cross, Cong, Co. Mayo.