OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Clarke, Theophilus

​CLARKE, THEOPHILUS (1776?–1831?), painter, is stated to have been born in 1776. He was a student at the Royal Academy, and also enjoyed the privilege of being John Opie's pupil. He first exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1795, sending ‘Una—from Spenser's Faery Queene,’ and ‘A Shepherd Boy.’ He continued to exhibit annually up to 1810, after which year all trace of him is lost. In 1803 he was elected an associate of the Royal Academy. The bulk of his work consisted of portraits, among those exhibited being portraits of Charles Kemble, the Countess of Erne, Lieutenant-colonel and Lady Caroline Stuart-Wortley, Lord and Lady Mulgrave, Count Woronzow, and others. He also painted and exhibited landscapes, fishing, domestic, and fancy subjects. Among these were ‘Dorothea—from Don Quixote,’ exhibited in 1802, and engraved in mezzotint by William Say; ‘The Lovers’ and ‘The Pensive Girl,’ from Thomson's ‘Seasons;’ ‘Margate, fishing boats going out;’ ‘A view of the common fields at Hayes, Middlesex.’ He also exhibited occasionally at the British Institution. Clarke resided in London, but the date of his death is unknown. His name was on the list of associates till 1832.
[Redgrave's Dict. of English Artists; Graves's Dict. of Artists, 1760–1880; Sandby's Hist. of the Royal Academy; Ottley's Dict. of Recent and Living Painters; Royal Academy Catalogues.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Newton, Robert

​NEWTON, ROBERT, D.D. (1780–1854), Wesleyan minister, the sixth child and fourth son of a farmer, Francis Newton, and his wife Anne Booth, was born at Roxby, in the North Riding of Yorkshire, on 8 Sept. 1780. After attending the village school he assisted his father on the farm, but sought every opportunity for reading and self-improvement. At the age of eighteen years he was called to preach as a lay helper in the neighbouring villages, and succeeded so well that before he was nineteen he entered on his probation for the work of the Wesleyan ministry. From 1812 to 1814 he was minister in London, from 1817 to 1820 in Liverpool, 1820 to 1826 in Manchester, 1826 to 1832 in Liverpool, 1832 to 1835 in Manchester, 1835 to 1841 in Leeds, 1841 to 1847 in Manchester, 1850 to 1852 in Liverpool. He spent from 1847 to 1850 in Stockport. He usually laboured in the towns on the Sundays, giving his services during the week to the rural districts. A clear, musical voice and a ready utterance, with a manly bearing and pleasing delivery, quickly rendered him a popular preacher, and his robust and vigorous constitution enabled him to get through a very large amount of work. Even in those days of slow transit he usually travelled from six to eight thousand miles a year, preaching on anniversary and special occasions, and collecting, it is believed, more money for religious objects than any of his contemporaries. He was a most successful advocate of the great missionary societies and of various charitable institutions. He was a staunch upholder of methodist economy, and his services were acknowledged by election on four occasions—in 1824, 1832, 1840, and 1848—to the presidency of the Wesleyan Conference. In 1840 he visited the United States as the official representative of the British conference to the methodist episcopal church of that country. His sermons and public addresses produced a deep impression, and wrought lasting good. After a life of great activity and usefulness, he died at Easingwold, near York, on 30 April 1854, aged 73. His wife Elizabeth was the second child of Captain John Nodes of Skelton, near York. They were married in 1802, and she died in 1865, aged 85.
Newton published several single sermons, tracts, and short stories. A collection of sermons entitled ‘Sermons on special and ordinary Occasions,’ edited by the Rev. Dr. J. H. Rigg, with a preface, was published, London, 1856, 12mo.
W. B. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Newton, Richard (1370?-1448?)

​NEWTON, Sir RICHARD (1370?–1448?), judge, son of John Cradock of Newton (Newtown or Trenewydd) in Montgomeryshire (a descendant of Howell ap Gronwy), by his second wife, Margaret, daughter of Sir Owen Moythe of Castle Odwyn and Fountain Gate, was born probably about 1370. Becoming serjeant-at-law in the name of Newton on 28 Nov. 1424, he was justice itinerant in Pembrokeshire in 1426–7, and on 15 Oct. 1429 was made king's serjeant. In 1430 he was elected recorder of Bristol, and on 8 Nov. 1438 was appointed justice of the common bench, to the presidency of which he was advanced on 14 Oct. 1439. He received the honour of knighthood about the same time. Between 1439 and 1447 he was one of the triers of petitions to parliament from Gascony and other parts beyond seas. He died at an advanced age, between 18 Nov. 1448, when the last fine was levied before him, and 10 June 1449, when his successor, Sir John Prisot, was appointed.
Newton was an able lawyer, with a strong bias in favour of the royal prerogative. He married twice, viz. (1) Emma, daughter of Sir Thomas Perrott of Harroldston St. Issells, Pembrokeshire; (2) Emmota, daughter of John Hervey of London. He had issue by both wives. One of his descendants, John Newton of Barr's Court, Gloucestershire, received, by patent of 16 Aug. 1660, the honour of a baronetcy, with remainder, in default of male issue, to John Newton of Gonerby, Lincolnshire, who succeeded to the title in 1661, and was great-great-grandson of John Newton of Westby, Lincolnshire, ancestor of Sir Isaac Newton. The honour became extinct in 1743.
Newton's second wife appears to be identical with Emmota Newton, widow, who died in 1475, holding lands in the neighbourhood of Yatton, Somerset, where, in the parish church, is an elaborate altar-tomb, with the effigies of a judge wearing the collar of S S, and his lady by his side. The inscription is effaced, but the monument is in the style of the fifteenth century, and probably marks the place of Newton's sepulture.
J. M. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Newton, Richard (1777-1798)

​NEWTON, RICHARD (1777–1798), caricaturist and miniature-painter, born in 1777, became known when quite young as a caricaturist of some ability. He drew and etched a great many caricatures in the manner of Gillray, but died at 13 Brydges Street, Covent Garden, on 9 Dec. 1798, aged only 21, before he had attained any great skill in drawing. He also painted miniatures. A number of his caricatures and an original drawing are in the print room at the British Museum.
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Newton, Samuel

​NEWTON, SAMUEL (1628–1718), notary public, born in 1628, was descended of a family who moved to Cambridge from Newcastle-on-Tyne in the sixteenth century, and was the second son of John Newton (d. 1635), ‘limner,’ of Cambridge, and of Anne, daughter of Mr. Hales, who was subsequently married to Joseph Jackson, minister of Woodnesborough, Kent.
Samuel Newton became a notary public, was made a free burgess of the corporation of Cambridge on 8 Jan. 1660–1, and treasurer of the town four years later. In 1667 he appears as one of the ‘24’ of the town of Cambridge, and in the following year was chosen alderman. In November 1669 he was proposed by the master, Dr. Pearson, and seniors of Trinity College for college auditor. He subsequently became registrar of Pembroke ​Hall, and on 23 March 1673, jointly with his cousin William Ellis, registrar of Trinity College. In 1671 he was elected mayor for the town of Cambridge. Charles II paid a first visit to the university during his mayoralty. In 1677 he was sworn a justice of the peace for the university and town. Ten years later, 16 Sept. 1687, James II addressed letters to the mayor and aldermen of Cambridge, requesting them to elect a certain Alderman Blackley mayor, and to dispense with all customary oaths except that as to the due execution of his office. On the corporation proving refractory, an order of the privy council, dated 8 April 1688, was sent down, removing the mayor, four other aldermen (among them being Newton), and twelve common councillors. Their places were filled by the king's nominees. Six months later (17 Oct.) the corporation was restored to its original rights, and Newton and his colleagues resumed their offices. He died in his ninetieth year, and was buried at St. Edward's Church on 25 Sept. 1718. Newton married Sarah, daughter of William Wildbore, son of Philip Wildbore, gentleman, of Cambridge. He had a son John, of Cambridge, surviving, and a daughter Mary, whose tomb stands very prominently in the churchyard attached to St. Benet's Church. This tomb is adorned with the arms—two shin-bones in saltire—which are familiar as those of Sir Isaac Newton; nevertheless, there appears to have been no connection between the families.
Newton's manuscript diary, ranging over the period from 1662 to 1717, and of great local and topographical interest, is preserved in the library of Downing College. It was extensively used by Charles Henry Cooper in his ‘Annals of Cambridge,’ and has recently (1890) been printed by the Cambridge Antiquarian Society, under the editorship of Mr. J. E. Foster, of Trinity College.
[Newton's Diary; Cooper's Annals of Cambridge gives the various papers sent by James II, &c., from the corporation common day-book.]
W. A. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Davy, Robert

​DAVY, ROBERT (d. 1793), portrait-painter, was born at Cullompton, Devonshire, and began art as a portrait-painter, going, when young, to Rome to educate himself. About 1760 he returned to England, and settled in London as a drawing-master at a ladies' school in Queen Square; subsequently he was appointed under drawing-master to the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich. He painted principally portraits, and mostly miniatures; many of these he exhibited at ​the exhibitions of the Free Society of Artists from 1762 to 1768, and the Royal Academy from 1771 to 1782. He did not, however, attain any great repute. He resided in the latter portion of his life in John Street, Tottenham Court Road; in September 1793 he was returning home one night when he was knocked down and robbed near his own door, and died after a few days on 28 Sept. He sometimes copied pictures, and a small copy made by him of Benjamin West's ‘Death of General Wolfe’ attracted attention. A portrait by him of John Arnold, watchmaker, was engraved in mezzotint by Susan Esther Reid.
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lilly, Edmond

​LILLY, EDMOND (d. 1716), portrait-painter, probably of Norfolk origin, executed portraits of enormous dimensions, and occasionally attempted fruit and flowers. His work is very indifferent, ‘weak in drawing and expression, cold and grey in colour.’ There is by him at Blenheim a large full-length portrait of Queen Anne, dated 1703. This is his best-known work; a copy of it was exhibited at the Manchester Exhibition in 1857 as by Closterman. He painted another portrait of Queen Anne, which was engraved in mezzotint by J. Simon. Another portrait by him was that of the Duke of Gloucester. His painting of Jeremy Collier [q. v.] was engraved in mezzotint by William Faithorne, junior [q. v.] Other pictures by him are ‘The Salutation’ (5 feet by 7½ feet), ‘The Goddess Minerva’ (5 feet by 8 feet), ‘A Devout Virgin’ (3 feet 4 inches by 4 feet 2 inches), and a ‘Picture of Grapes’ (30 inches by 25 inches). He also made a copy of Vandyck's ‘Duchess of Richmond’ (5½ feet by 4 feet). Lilly was buried at Richmond, Surrey, on 25 May 1716 (parish register). He was a bachelor, and lived on a small annuity. In his will, which was proved 11 July 1716, he mentions relations named Lilly, Hindley, and Storer.
[Information from Lionel Cust, esq., F.S.A., and George Scharf, esq., C.B., F.S.A.; Chaloner Smith's British Mezzotinto Portraits; Redgrave's Dict. of Artists, 1878, p. 272; will registered in P. C. C. 149, Fox.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lillywhite, Frederick William

​LILLYWHITE, FREDERICK WILLIAM (1792–1854), cricketer, was born at West Hampnett, near Goodwood, Sussex, 13 June 1792. His father had the management of two large brickfields belonging to the Duke of Richmond, and Frederick was brought up to the trade of a bricklayer. On 12 Dec. 1822 he removed to Brighton and shortly afterwards to Hove, where he became managing man over a large number of brickmakers.
At an early age Lillywhite devoted much leisure to cricket, and in middle life he took a foremost place among professional players. He played his first match at Lord's 18–19 June 1827. No cricketer ever came to Lord's so late in life and afterwards had so long and brilliant a career, lasting upwards of twenty seasons. He was the first bowler of eminence in the round-arm style, which was first introduced by Tom Walker of the Hambledon Club at the end of the last century, but not legalised by the Marylebone Club until 1828. His bowling was slow, marvellous for accuracy of pitch and straightness, and specially remarkable for a very quick rise from the pitch. He was known as the ‘Nonpareil Bowler,’ his average being estimated not to have exceeded seven runs per wicket. There can be no doubt that he was a great bowler who used his brains to much effect. During the whole of his career he did not bowl more than half a dozen wide balls. As a batsman he was not so celebrated, but he frequently scored in the best matches. Twice he went first to the wicket, in 1839 and 1845, and saw the whole side out. In a single match, 5 Aug. 1828, he received 278 balls from the famous bowler George Brown. In 1837 he took the Royal Sovereign Inn, Preston Street, Brighton, to which was attached a cricket-ground. In 1844 he came to London and was engaged as bowler to the Marylebone Cricket Club, where he had a benefit in 1853 and remained to his death. In 1851, 1852, and 1853 he was permitted to attend at Winchester School, where he brought out some good bowlers. With his sons John and ​Frederick he kept a shop for the sale of cricketing appliances at 10 Prince's Terrace, Caledonian Road, Islington, London, where he died of cholera 21 Aug. 1854. He was buried in Highgate cemetery. The members of the Marylebone Club erected a monument to his memory above his grave, on which is inscribed the single word ‘Lillywhite.’ His characteristic definition of cricket, ‘me bowling, Pilch batting, and Box keeping wicket,’ is well known.
His sons John and Frederick Lillywhite were both well-known cricketers. John, born 10 Nov. 1826, died 27 Oct. 1874; Frederick, born 23 July 1829, died 15 Sept. 1866.
[W. Lillywhite's Illustrated Handbook of Cricket, edited by A Cantab, 1844; F. Lillywhite's Cricket Scores (1862), ii. 9–12; Denison's Cricket Sketches of the Players, 1846, pp. 34–9; Cansick's Collection of Epitaphs (1872), ii. 158–9; Illustrated News of the World, 22 May 1858, pp. 252, 254, with view of monument; Illustrated London News, 22 July 1843, p. 59, with portrait; notes kindly supplied by Dr. J. W. Allen.]
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lilly, Henry

​LILLY, HENRY (d. 1638), Rouge-dragon pursuivant, born in Worcestershire, was second son of John Lilly (d. 1590) of London, by Mary, daughter and coheiress of John Gabot, merchant tailor, of the same city (Visit. of Lond. 1633–5, Harl. Soc., ii. 67). After being educated at Christ's Hospital he set up as a ‘painter-stainer,’ or arms-painter, in Little Britain. He possessed great skill in limning and illuminating. His taste for heraldry and genealogy won him the friendship of Sir William Dugdale and a place in the College of Arms. While Rouge-rose pursuivant he was employed in 1634, with George Owen, York herald, to visit Essex and Worcestershire for Sir Richard St. George, Clarencieux, and Sir John Borough, Norroy. His Essex visitation is printed in vol. xiii. of the ‘Publications of the Harleian Society.’ In January 1637–8 he was created Rouge-dragon pursuivant.
Lilly died on 19 Aug. 1638, and was buried in Farnham Church, Essex, where there is a monument to his memory. In 1616 he married Elizabeth, daughter of Gregory Flint of Salisbury (Chester, London Marriage Licenses, ed. Foster, col. 846), by whom he had issue Henry, Elizabeth, Hannah, Mary, and Dorothy. He bequeathed 5l. to ​Christ's Hospital, and a like sum to the Company of Painter-Stainers to be laid out on a piece of plate (will registered in P. C. C. 106, Lee).
Lilly left in manuscript ‘Pedigrees of Nobility,’ which George Allan (d. 1800) [q. v.] considered ‘a book of undoubted authority’ (Nichols, Lit. Anecd. viii. 711). It is in the possession of the Earl of Egmont (Hist. MSS. Comm. 7th Rep. p. 233). He also executed on 271 leaves of thick vellum a magnificent volume, entitled ‘The Genealogie of the Princelie Familie of the Howards exactly deduced in a right line from 970 to 1638,’ which is enriched with monuments, portraits, armorial bearings, and tasteful compositions. The drawings and their colourings are of the first class. This work was probably undertaken by order of Thomas Howard, second earl of Arundel [q. v.] It was purchased from Lilly's daughter and executrix Elizabeth for 100l. by Lord Northampton in the reign of Charles II, and still remains in the family (ib. 3rd Rep. pp. 209–210; Nichols, Illustr. of Lit. vi. 385–6). In the British Museum are two manuscripts by Lilly, ‘Pedigrees of Families of Worcestershire, 1634’ (Addit. MS. 19816, ff. 100–124), and ‘Genealogies of the Families of Weston and Cave, 1632,’ in Latin (Addit. MS. 18667). Some ‘Extracts from a Roll given by Lilly to William Burton in 1628’ are preserved in the Bodleian Library (Rawlinson MS. B. 350. 40).
[Noble's College of Arms, pp. 249–50; Redgrave's Dict. of Artists, 1878, p. 271; Visitations of Essex (Harl. Soc.), pt. i. p. vi; Howard's Memorials of the Howard Family, fol., 1834, Preface.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Douglas, Thomas (fl.1661)

​DOUGLAS, THOMAS (fl. 1661), divine, whose parentage is not known, was rector of St. Olave's, Silver Street, London. He was one of the ministers ejected at the Restoration, after which event he gave rise to some scandal and left the country. He travelled abroad for some time, and then settled at Padua, where he took the degree of M.D. He returned to London and practised medicine, but running into debt he went to Ireland, where he died in obscurity. In 1661, while still minister at St. Olave's, Douglas published ‘Θεάνθροπος, or the great Mysterie of Godlinesse, opened by way of Antidote against the great Mysterie of Iniquity now awork in the Romish Church.’ It is possible that he is identical with the Thomas Douglas who published in 1668 a translation from the French entitled ‘Vitis Degeneris, or the Degenerate Plant, being a treatise of Ancient Ceremonies,’ a work which was reissued in the following years under the name of ‘A History of Ancient Ceremonies.’
A. V.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Douglas, William (1398?-1437)

​DOUGLAS, WILLIAM, second Earl of Angus (1398?–1437), was the elder son of George, first earl [q. v.], and Mary Stuart, daughter of Robert III, and succeeded to the earldom on his father's death of the plague in England, where he had remained as a prisoner after his capture at Homildon in 1402. The exact date of his accession to the earldom has not been ascertained. In 1410 he was betrothed to his future wife, Margaret, daughter of Sir W. Hay of Yester, but the marriage does not seem to have taken place till 1425, when a dispensation was obtained from the pope. He was named as one of the hostages to the English king when James I was allowed to return from his captivity in 1424, but he does not appear in the final list, and when James came to Durham he met and accompanied him to Scotland, and received the honour of knighthood. He is said to have been one of the nobles arrested along with Albany and his sons in 1425, but if so he was at once released, for he sat on the assize at Albany's trial. He took part in the king's highland expedition, and had Alexander, the Lord of the Isles, committed to his custody at Tantallon in 1429. In 1430 he was sent on an embassy to England, and three years after he was appointed warden of the middle marches.
When Henry Percy threatened to invade Scotland in 1435, Angus was sent to oppose him, and defeated an English force under Sir Robert Ogle at Piperden on 30 Sept. He died in 1437, leaving a son, James, third earl of Angus, who held the title till 1452, when he died and was succeeded by his uncle, George, fourth earl of Angus and Lord of Douglas [q. v.] He had married Joanna, a daughter of James I, but they had no children, and on his death she married James, earl of Morton. The only event recorded of this earl is the submission to him of Robert Fleming of Cumbernauld, a follower of the Earls of Douglas, who had burnt the corn on his lands of North Berwick, and in order to avoid retaliation entered into a bond for two thousand merks to surrender himself at Tantallon or the Hermitage on eight days' warning. In this bond, dated 24 Sept. 1444, the third earl is designated Earl of Angus, lord of Liddesdale and Jedward Forest. The occasion of its being granted is a sign, as Hume of Godscroft notes, that there was already rivalry between the Earls of Angus and their kinsmen, the Earls of Douglas.
Æ. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Dogmael

​DOGMAEL, also called DOGVAEL, Saint (6th cent.), was an early Welsh saint. Of his life and date no authentic particulars are recorded, though the numerous churches dedicated to and reputed to be founded by him are ample evidence of the fact of his existence. He is said in the ‘Achau y Saint’ to have been the son of Ithael, the son of Ceredig, the son of Cunedda, the famous legendary Gwledig. He was the founder, as was said, of St. Dogmael's in Cemmes, opposite Cardigan, on the left bank of the lower Teivi; but the Benedictine priory at that place was the foundation of Martin of Tours, the Norman conqueror of Cemmes, in the earlier half of the twelfth century. This does not prevent an early Celtic foundation from having been on the same spot. The other churches connected with Dogmael's name are St. Dogwel's in Pebidiog, Monachlogddu, and Melinau, all, like the more famous foundation, in the modern Pembrokeshire, which may therefore be regarded as the region of the saint's life and chief cultus. He is said to have been also the patron saint of Llanddogwel in Anglesey. His festival is on 14 June.
T. F. T.