OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Andree, John (1699?-1785)

​ANDREE, JOHN (1699?–1785), physician, whose place of birth is unknown, was M.D. Rheims, 1739, and licentiate of the College of Physicians, London, 1741. Dr. Andree practised in London, and wrote several books; but is chiefly known for his connection with the London Hospital, first called the London Infirmary, which he was chiefly concerned in founding in 1740, and of which he was the first and for some time the only physician. He resigned this office and retired from practice in 1764, and died 4 Feb. 1785.
He wrote:
* ‘Cases of the Epilepsy, Hysteric Fits, and St. Vitus's Dance,’ &c., 8vo, London, 1746 and 1753.
* ‘Observations on a Treatise on the Virtues of Hemlock in the Cure of Cancers by Dr. Storck,’ 8vo, London, 1761.
* ‘An Account of the Tilbury Water,’ 8vo, London, first edition, 1737; fifth edition, 1781.
* ‘Inoculation impartially considered in a Letter to Sir E. Wilmot, Bart.,’ 8vo, London, 1765.
Dr. Andree's ‘Cases of Epilepsy,’ &c., contains histories of patients at the ‘London Infirmary,’ afterwards the London Hospital, of no special moment. His observations on Storck's pretended method of curing cancer by hemlock are sensible. The account of the Tilbury water refers to a medicinal spring at Tilbury in Essex, and contains reports of chemical analyses executed according to the methods of the day. He was an advocate of the practice of inoculation for the small-pox.
[Medical Register, 1779; Munk's College of Physicians (1878), ii. 148.]
J. F. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Andrewe, Thomas

​ANDREWE, THOMAS (fl. 1604), was the author of a curious and somewhat tedious poem in rhymed heroics, entitled ‘The Unmasking of a Feminine Machiavell,’ 4to, 1604. Following the title is a dedication ‘to his worthy and reverend Vncle, M. D. Langworth, Archdeacon of Welles;’ and then come some complimentary verses addressed ​to the author by Samuel Rowlands and others. The drift of the poem is somewhat uncertain, as the lady whose machinations were to be exposed is only hinted at darkly. Andrewe was one of the many soldiers of fortune who sought a field for enterprise in the Low Countries. He tells us how he embarked at Dover and went to Guelderland to serve under Prince Maurice and Sir Francis Vere. He took part in the battle of Nieuport (22 June 1600) against the Archduke Albert; and he has given us a fairly spirited description of the battle. Shortly afterwards he returned to England, where he found a lady, whom he designates as a ‘feminine Machiavell,’ busy in trying to take away his good name by calumnious reports. In self-defence he published his little book, which could never have interested any but a few private friends, and is now rarely found even in the libraries of collectors.
A. H. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gibbons, William

​GIBBONS, WILLIAM, M.D. (1649–1728), physician, born at Wolverhampton 25 Sept. 1649, was the son of John Gibbons of that town. From Merchant Taylors' School he went to St. John's College, Oxford, graduating B.A. in 1672, M.B. in 1675, and M.D. in 1683. He practised as a physician in London, joined the College of Physicians in 1691, became fellow in 1692, and censor in 1716. He is not remembered by any writings, but chiefly as the Mirmillo of the ‘Dispensary’ of Sir Samuel Garth [q. v.] He was one of the few college fellows who opposed the project of dispensaries for the poor, and so incurred the satire of Garth, who makes him say:
While others meanly asked whole months to slay, I oft despatched the patient in a day.
He is described by a contemporary (Nichols, Lit. Illustr. ii. 801) as ‘pretty old Dr. Gibbons,’ and as taking his fees with alacrity. The Harveian oration of the year following his death (1729) ascribes to him erudition, honesty, candour, love of letters, piety, benevolence, and other Christian virtues. According to Wadd (Mems., Maxims, and Memoirs, p. 148), the credit of making mahogany fashionable belongs to Gibbons. His brother, a West Indian shipmaster, brought home some of that wood as ballast, and gave it to the doctor, who was building a house. The carpenters finding it too hard for their tools, it was thrown aside; but some of it was afterwards used to make a candle-box, which looked so well that a bureau of the same wood was taken in hand. When finished and polished, ​the bureau was so pleasing that it became an object of admiration to visitors, among others the Duchess of Buckingham, who had one made like it and so brought the wood into fashion. Gibbons left no writings. He died on 25 March 1728. He was a liberal benefactor to Wolverhampton, his native place. There is a portrait of him in St. John's College, Oxford.
C. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gibbs, Samuel

​GIBBS, Sir SAMUEL (d. 1815), major-general, was appointed an ensign in the 102nd foot in October 1783. He removed in 1788 to the 60th, with which he served in Upper Canada, until he was promoted in 1792 to a lieutenancy in the 11th. He joined this regiment at Gibraltar, and returned with it to England in February 1793, when he was appointed aide-de-camp to Lieutenant-general James Grant. He served with the 11th in Corsica, and on board Lord Hood's fleet in the Mediterranean from the spring of 1794 till the end of 1795, when he obtained a company. After acting for some months as captain and adjutant in the garrison at Gibraltar, he returned to England in April 1796, and was reappointed to his former position of aide-de-camp. In May 1798 he accompanied the expedition which was sent under the command of Sir Eyre Coote (1762–1824?) [q. v.] to cut the sluices at Ostend, and was taken prisoner, but included in the exchange of prisoners which took place the following Christmas. In 1799 he succeeded to the rank of major, and accompanied the 11th to the West Indies, where he commanded it in an attack on St. Martin's in the expedition against the Danish and Swedish islands, and in the island of Martinique. In 1802 he was promoted lieutenant-colonel of the 10th West India regiment, and returned to England on the declaration of peace in the same year. He was subsequently appointed to the 59th foot, which he commanded in the expedition to the Cape of Good Hope in 1805 and 1806. From the Cape he proceeded to India, and commanded his regiment in the Travancore war of 1808–9. On 25 July 1810 he received the brevet rank of colonel, and in March 1811 accompanied the expedition under Sir Samuel Auchmuty, which was sent by Lord Minto to conquer Java from the Dutch. He greatly distinguished himself in this expedition, and is repeatedly mentioned in the despatches of Sir Samuel Auchmuty to Lord Minto. On 26 Aug. he supported, with the 59th and the 4th battalion of Bengal volunteers, the attack made by Colonel Gillespie on Fort Corselis, and took one of the redoubts of this stronghold by storm; and on 16 Sept. he led the final attack against the Dutch general Janssens, which resulted in the surrender of the island. Shortly afterwards Gibbs left India, and in 1812 was appointed to the command of the two British regiments stationed with the allied forces at Stralsund. In the following year he served in Holland, and on 4 June was appointed major-general. In the autumn of 1814 he was appointed second in command under Sir E. Pakenham of the expedition sent out to succour the British forces in the United States. This expedition landed on Christmas day, and on 26 Dec. began the operations which preceded the attack on New Orleans on 8 Jan. 1815. In this attack Gibbs, who commanded one of the main columns, was severely wounded, and died on the following day. By a proclamation of the prince regent on 2 Jan. 1815 he was made a knight commander of the Bath.
E. J. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gibbs, Philip

​GIBBS, PHILIP (fl. 1740), dissenting minister and stenographer, was appointed in 1715 assistant to the Rev. Robert Bragge, at ​the independent chapel in Paved Alley, Lime Street, London. He was chosen one of the first of Coward's Friday evening lecturers at the meeting-house in Little St. Helen's, Bishopsgate. In 1729 he removed from Lime Street to Hackney, where he was joint pastor with the Rev. John Barker. He had avowed himself a Calvinist, but he eventually adopted unitarian opinions, and was in consequence dismissed from his ministry in 1737.
His works are: 1. ‘Christ the Christian's Propitiation and Advocate.’ In ‘Twelve Sermons preach'd at Mr. Coward's Lecture,’ London, 1729, p. 438. 2. ‘An Historical Account of Compendious and Swift Writing,’ London, 1736, 8vo; dedicated to John Jacob. This is the earliest history of shorthand. It gives an account of all the English systems from Timothy Bright [q. v.] to James Weston, and contains information not to be found elsewhere. 3. ‘An Essay towards a farther Improvement of Short-Hand,’ London, 1736, 8vo, pp. 56, engraved throughout. Gibbs's system of stenography is clumsy and complicated, and greatly inferior to that of William Mason, published in 1707. 4. ‘A Letter to the Congregation of Protestant Dissenters at Hackney, amongst whom the Author now statedly ministers. With a postscript to all others to whom he has formerly preach'd,’ London, 1737, 8vo (three editions). 5. ‘Explications and Defences of P. Gibbs's Letter to the Congregation of Protestant Dissenters meeting in Mare Street, Hackney,’ London, 1740, 8vo. This and the preceding work relate to the author's conversion to unitarianism. 6. A pamphlet on the controversy between the rival shorthand inventors, Byrom, Weston, and Macaulay. About 1740.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gibson, Alexander (1800-1867)

​GIBSON, ALEXANDER (1800–1867), botanist, was born at Laurencekirk, Kincardineshire, on 24 Oct. 1800. After taking his degree of doctor of medicine at Edinburgh, he obtained an appointment as assistant-surgeon in the East India Company's service in January 1825, in which year he went out to India, and served some years in the Indian navy. While thus engaged he studied the native languages, and passed examinations in Hindustani, Mahrati, and Gujerati. In 1836 he was appointed vaccinator for the Deccan and Kandesh, and while in this migratory office his knowledge of botany and agriculture procured him in 1838 the post of superintendent of the botanical garden at Dapuri. Here Dr. Gibson paid special attention to the introduction and cultivation of exotic trees and plants, and his successful ​efforts to procure several drugs for the use of the medical department received special commendation from the court of directors. In 1847 he was promoted to the more important post of conservator of forests in the Bombay presidency, and for fourteen years he rendered invaluable service to the government in this capacity. Among other qualifications he possessed an iron constitution, which enabled him, in the discharge of his duties, to penetrate and to live in jungles which would have been fatal to most Europeans. His reports were collected and published by the government, and on his retirement in 1860 he received from the governor in council a public acknowledgment of his unremitting zeal, and of the beneficial results which the measures conducted under his direction had secured to the state. He was elected a fellow of the Linnean Society on 19 April 1853, and died on 16 Jan. 1867. His works were: 1. ‘Forest Reports, Bombay Presidency,’ Bombay, 1849–1855, 8vo. 2. ‘Handbook to the Forests of the Bombay Presidency,’ Bombay, 1863, 8vo. 3. ‘Bombay Flora,’ ed. by N. A. Dalzell, Bombay, 1861, 8vo. He also edited Hove's ‘Tours for Scientific Research’ from a manuscript in the Banksian Library, Bombay, 1855, 8vo.
B. D. J.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gibbons, Thomas

​GIBBONS, THOMAS (1720–1785), dissenting minister and miscellaneous writer, was the son of Thomas Gibbons, who was at one time minister of a dissenting congregation at Olney in Buckinghamshire, and afterwards of a congregation at Royston in Hertfordshire. He was born at Reak, Swaffham Prior, near Cambridge, on 31 May 1720, and received the early part of his education at various schools in Cambridgeshire. When about fifteen years of age he was sent to Dr. Taylor's academy in Deptford, and afterwards to that of John Eames [q. v.] in Moorfields. In 1742 he was appointed assistant to the Rev. Thomas Bures, minister of the Silver Street presbyterian congregation, and in the next year he was chosen minister of the independent congregation of Haberdashers' Hall. In 1754 he was elected one of the three tutors of the Mile End academy, where he gave instruction in logic, metaphysics, ethics, and rhetoric, till the end of his life. He was chosen Sunday evening lecturer in the Monkwell Street meeting-house in 1759. He received the degree of M.A. from New Jersey in 1760, and that of D.D. from Aberdeen in 1764. He died in the Hoxton Square coffee-house, 22 Feb. 1785.
A list of between forty and fifty works by him may be found in the ‘Protestant Dissenters' Magazine,’ ii. 492, 493, and in Wilson's ‘Dissenting Churches,’ iii. 181, 182. The following appear to have been the chief of them:
* ‘Juvenilia; poems on various subjects of devotion and virtue,’ 8vo, 1750.
* ‘Rhetoric,’ 8vo, 1767.
* ‘Hymns adapted to Divine Worship,’ 12mo, 1769.
* ‘The Christian Minister, in three Poetic Epistles,’ 8vo, 1772.
* ‘Female Worthies,’ 2 vols. 8vo, 1777.
* ‘Memoirs of the Rev. Isaac Watts, D.D.,’ 8vo, 1780.
* ‘Sermons on evangelical and practical subjects,’ 3 vols. 8vo, 1787.
His favourite form of composition seems to have consisted in elegies on the death of his friends and others. For this, and for the want of poetical power which he showed in all his efforts, he was ridiculed in ‘An Epistle to the Rev. Mr. Tho. G-bb-ns on his Juvenilia,’ 1750. He was also satirised by Robert Sanders in ‘Gaffer Greybeard’ as ‘Dr. Hymnmaker’ (Nichols, Lit. Anecd. ii. 730). Dr. Johnson enjoyed his society (Boswell, Johnson, 3 June 1781, 17 May 1784).
[Benj. Davies's Israel's Testament (funeral sermon on Gibbons), 1785, pp. 19–20 note; Protestant Dissenters' Magazine, ii. 489–93; Wilson's Dissenting Churches, iii. 178–83; Gent. Mag. xxxix. 261, lv. pt. ii. p. 159.]
E. C-n.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gibbs, James (d.1724)

​GIBBS, JAMES, M.D. (d. 1724), physician and poet, son of James Gibbs, vicar of Gorran in Cornwall, was a student of Exeter College, Oxford. In a letter to Archbishop Tenison, preserved among the manuscripts in Lambeth Library, he solicits Tenison's ‘favour and assistance’ in promoting ‘a new metrical version of the Psalms.’ The letter is undated, but in 1701 the first fifteen of the psalms were published in London, and a second edition followed in 1712. A copy of the latter was discovered in Swift's library, containing some severe marginal criticism by the dean. Gibbs died at Tregony, Cornwall, in 1724.
He published: 1. ‘A Consolatory Poem, humbly addressed to Her Royal Highness, Upon the much lamented death of His Most Illustrious Highness, William Duke of Gloucester,’ London, 1700, fol. 2. ‘The First Fifteen Psalms of David, translated into Lyric Verse, propos'd as an essay, supplying the Perspicuity and Coherence according to the ​Modern Art of Poetry … With a Preface containing some observations of the great and general Defectiveness of former Versions in Greek, Latin, and English,’ London, 1701, 4to. The title-page of the second edition (1712) states that ‘some of the lords spiritual freely proposed to recommend’ it to ‘parliament and convocation.’ 3. ‘Observations of various eminent cures of scrophulous distempers, commonly called the King's Evil, such as tumours, ulcers, curiosity of bones, blindness, and consumptions … to which is added An Essay concerning the animal spirits and the cure of convulsions. …’ Exeter, 1712, sm. 4to. It contains an essay written in vindication of a trial at Launceston in 1710 concerning the cure of a lad from Plymouth. Some of the cases relate to persons living at Tregony, Gorran, and other places in Cornwall. In manuscript are: ‘Carmen in honorem principis Poetarum, doct. Gibbesii, cum diploma a Cæsarea Majestate in Musarum templo concessum est,’ Worcester Coll. MS. No. 58, pp. 99–101; ‘Proposal of J. Gibbs to the Archbishop of Canterbury for a New Translation of the Psalms, with a printed translation of the first and second Psalm into English verse,’ Lambeth MS. 937, art. 24, 25.
W. F. W. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gibbs, Joseph

​GIBBS, JOSEPH (1700?–1788), organist, published about 1740 ‘Eight Solos for a Violin, with a Thorough Bass for the Harpsichord or Bass Violin. London. Composed by Joseph Gibbs of Dedham in Essex, dedicated to Sir Joseph Hankey,’ &c., and subscribed for largely by organists and others. Gibbs became organist at the church of St. Mary-at-Tower, Ipswich, about 1748, and displayed so much zeal and talent in that capacity, and in his compositions, that on his death, after forty years' service, in December 1788, he was honoured by his fellow-townsmen with a public funeral, and buried in front of the organ. The church has since undergone a thorough restoration, which has obliterated Gibbs's grave.
L. M. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Grey, John de (d.1266)

​GREY, Sir JOHN de (d. 1266), judge, was second son of Henry de Grey, first baron Grey of Codnor,by his wife Isolda, the eldest of the nieces of Robert Bardolf, aud possibly related to Walter de Grey, archbishop of York [q.v.] Having a seat at Eaton, near Fenny Stratford,he served as sheriff of Buckinghamshire and Bedfordshire in the twenty-third year of Henry III, and seven years later became constable of the castle of Gannoc in North Wales, and justice of Chester. In the thirty-fifth year of Henry III he married Johanna, widow of Paulinus Peiure. The king, however, had destined her for another husband, and for thus marrying her without the royal license Grey was fined five hundred marks, and lost his appointments in Wales. He took the cross in 1252, and on his return from the crusade was received again into favour, and in 1253 was forgiven his fine and debts to the crown to the extent of 300l. (see Rot. Fin. i. 453,ii. 119, 167). He was also appointed steward of Gascony and custos of the castles of Northampton, Shrewsbury, and Dover. In 1255 he withdrew from court, disliking the course taken by the royal councillors, and pleading old age. But in 1258 he was one of the twelve representatives of the commonalty, and of the twenty-four 'a treiter de aide le rei' (Ann. Burt, pp, 449, 450). He was also appointed by the barons one of the counsellors to Prince Edward, and castellan of Hereford (ib. pp. 445, 453), In 1260 be became a justice in eyre in Somersetshire, Dorsetshire, and Devonshire. On 9 July 1261 he was appointed by the king sheriff of Hereford and custos of Hereford Castle (Rot.Pat. 45 Hen.III). In the king's war with his barons he adhered to the king, took command of the army in Wales in February 1263, in July his house was attacked by the Londoners, and he escaped with difficulty (Ann. Dunst. iii. 223; see Wright, Pol. Songs, p. 62). He was one of the kind's sureties that he would abide by the award made by King Louis of France, and in 1265. after the battle of Evesham, was made sheriff of Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire. He died In the following year. By his first wife, Emma, daughter and heiress of Geoffrey de Glanville, he had a daughter and a son, Reginald, first baron Grey de Wilton (d. 1308) [see under John de Grey, second Lord Grey of Wilton], from whom descend the Earl of Wilton and Marquis of Ripon.
J. A. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Grey, Nicholas

​GREY, NICHOLAS (1590?–1660), headmaster of Eton College, was born in London about. 1590. He was a king's scholar at Westminster School, and proceeded in 1606 to Christ Church, Oxford (Welch, Alumni Westmon. 1852, pp. 74, 75). He graduated B.A. on 21 June 1610, and M.A. on 10 June 1613 (Wood, Fasti Oxon. ed. Bliss, i. 337, 353). In 1614 he was incorporated M.A. at Cambridge, and on 3 Dec. of that year became head-master of Charterhouse School. On forfeiting the mastership of the Charterhouse by his marriage, he became rector of Castle Camps, Cambridgeshire. On 29 Jan. 1624-5 he was elected head-master of Merchant Taylors' School, and continued there until midsummer 1632 (Register, ed. C. J. Robinson, i. xiv), when he was chosen head-master of Eton College and fellow of Eton. During the civil war he was ejected from his rectory and fellowship, and was reduced to great distress. He obtained eventually the head-mastership of Tonbridge School, Kent, and published for the use of his scholars 'Parabolæ Evangelicæ Latino redditæ carmine paraphrastico varii generis,' 8vo, London, no date. On the return of Charles II he was restored to his rectory and fellowship (12 July 1660), but died very poor, and was buried in the chapel at Eton on 5 Oct. 1660 (Harwood, Alumni Eton. pp. 76-7). He wrote some additions to Rider's 'Dictionary,' and added testimonies from scripture to Grotius's 'Baptizatorum Puerorum Institutio,' 8vo, London, 1655; earlier editions had appeared in 1647 and 1650.
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Grey, Richard de (d.1419)

1904 Errata appended.
​GREY, RICHARD de, fourth Baron (seventh by tenure) Grey of Codnor (d. 1419), was son of Henry de Grey (d. 1379), and succeeded his grandfather John de Grey (1305-1392) [q. v.] in 1392. In 1400 he was appointed admiral of the king's fleet from the Thames to the north, and in the same year was made governor of Roxburgh Castle. In 1402 he was one of the commissioners appointed to treat with Owen Glendower for the release of Reginald, lord Grey de Ruthin [q. v.] Two years later he was appointed justice of South Wales. In 1405 Grey submitted certain considerations on the state of Wales to the king and council (Proc. Privy Council, i. 277), and on 2 Dec. he was appointed lieutenant of South Wales, and held the post till 1 Feb. 1406. A letter which he wrote from Carmarthen to the king at this time is preserved (ib. i. 282). In 1405 Grey was also engaged in a controversy with Lord Beaumont as to which of them was entitled to precedency, the earliest record of such a dispute between two barons (ib. ii. 105). In this year he also acted as marshal during the absence of the Earl of Westmorland, in 1406 was a commissioner to receive fines from ​the Welsh rebels, in 1407 became constable of Nottingham Castle and ranger of Sherwood Forest, and in 1413 governor of Fronsac in Aquitaine (ib. ii. 133). Previously to 1412 he was appointed chamberlain (see Fœdera, viii. 721), and from this time forward was constantly employed on diplomatic missions. In 1413 he was one of the ambassadors to treat for a marriage between Henry, prince of Wales, and Anne, daughter of John, duke of Burgundy. Next year he was one of those appointed to procure a prolongation of the truce with France (ib. ix.183), and one of the ambassadors to negotiate a marriage between Henry V and Catherine of France (Waurin, Chroniques, i. 264, Rolls Ser.) In August 1415 he was employed to negotiate a truce with Robert, duke of Albany, regent of Scotland (Fœdera, ix. 302-3), and shortly after was made warden of the eastern marches (see Proc. Privy Council, ii. 165, 178). In 1418 he was governor of the castle of Argentan in Normandy, and died on 1 Aug. 1419. Grey was summoned to parliament from 13 Nov. 1393 to 3 Sept. 1417, and was made knight of the Garter in 1403 (Beltz, Memorials of the Garter, p. clvi). He married in 1387 Elizabeth, daughter of Ralph Basset of Sapcote, who died in 1445; by her he had three sons, John (1399?-1430), and Henry (1406?-1443), fifth and sixth barons Grey of Codnor, and William, bishop of Ely (d. 1478) [q. v.]
C. L. K.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.142 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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| 200 | i | 23 | Grey, Richard, 4th Baron Grey of Codnor: for Argentain in Aquitaine read Argentan in Normandy |
| | | 29 | for 1435 read 1445 |