OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Aligarh

See also Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ALIGARH, a city and district of British India in the Meerut division of the United Provinces. The city, also known as Koil, was a station on the East Indian railway, 876 m. from Calcutta. Sir Sayad Ahmad Khan, K.C.S.I., who died in 1898, founded in 1864 the Aligarh Institute and Scientific Society for the translation into the vernacular of western literature; and afterwards the Mahommedan Anglo-Oriental college, under English professors, with an English school attached. The college meets with strong support from the enlightened portion of the Mussulman community, whose aim is to raise it to the status of a university, with the power of conferring degrees. The population (1901) 70,434, showed an increase of 14% in the decade. There are several flour-mills, cotton-presses and a dairy farm. Aligarh Fort, situated on the Grand Trunk road, consists of a regular polygon, surrounded by a very broad and deep ditch. It became a fortress of great importance under Sindhia in 1759, and was the depot where he drilled and organized his battalions in the European fashion with the aid of De Boigne. It was captured from the Mahrattas under the leadership of Perron, another French officer, by Lord Lake’s army, in September 1803, since which time it has been much strengthened and improved. In the rebellion of 1857 the troops stationed at Aligarh mutinied, but abstained from murdering their officers, who, with the other residents and ladies and children, succeeded in reaching Hathras.
The district of Aligarh has an area of 1957 sq. m. It is nearly a level plain, but with a slight elevation in the centre, between the two great rivers the Ganges and Jumna. The only other important river is the Kali Nadi, which traverses the entire length of the district from north-east to south-west. The district is traversed by several railways and also by the Ganges canal, which is navigable. The chief trading centre is Hathras. In 1901 the population was 1,200,822, showing an increase of 15% in the decade, due to the extension of irrigation. There are several factories for ginning and pressing cotton.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Alien-houses

See also Alien priory on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ALIEN-HOUSES, religious houses in England belonging to foreign ecclesiastics, or under their control. They generally were built where property had been left by the donors to foreign orders to pray for their souls. They were frequently regular “priories,” but sometimes only “cells,” and even “granges,” with small chapels attached. Some, particularly in cities, seem to have been a sort of mission-houses. There were more than 100 in England. Many alien-houses were suppressed by Henry V. and the rest by Henry VIII.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Alienist

See also Psychiatrist on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ALIENIST (Lat. alienus, that which belongs to another, i.e. is external to one’s self), one who specializes in the study of mental diseases, which are often included in the generic name “Alienation.” (See Insanity.)
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Alignment

See also Alignment on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ALIGNMENT (from Fr. à and ligne, the Lat. linea, a line), a setting in line, generally straight, or the way in which the line runs; an expression used in surveying, drawing, and in military arrangements, the alignment of a regiment or a camp meaning the situation when drawn up in line or the relative position of the tents. The alignment of a rifle has reference to the way of getting the sights into line with the object, so as to aim correctly.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Aliment

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​ALIMENT (from Lat. aliment-um, from alere to nourish), a synonym for “food,” literally or metaphorically. The word has also been used in the same legal sense as Alimony (q.v.). Aliment, in Scots law, is the sum paid or allowance given in respect of the reciprocal obligation of parents and children, husband and wife, grandparents and grandchildren, to contribute to each other’s maintenance. The term is also used in regard to a similar obligation of other parties, as of creditors to imprisoned debtors, the payments by parishes to paupers, &c. Alimentary funds, whether of the kind above mentioned, or set apart as such by the deed of a testator, are intended for the mere support of the recipient, and are not attachable by creditors.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Alidade

See also Alidade on Wikipedia; Alidade at Wiktionary; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ALIDADE (from the Arab.), the movable index of a graduated arc, used in the measurement of angles. The word is used also to designate the supporting frame or arms carrying the microscopes or verniers of a graduated circle.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Alienation

See also Alienation on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ALIENATION (from Lat. alienus, belonging to another), the act or fact of being estranged, set apart or separated. In law the word is used for the act of transfer of property by voluntary deed and not by inheritance. In regard to church property the word has come to mean, since the Reformation, a transfer from religious to secular ownership. “Alienation” is also used to denote a state of insanity (q.v.).
# Poems (Griffith)/Close of the Year

Not to be confused with The Close of the Year, another poem in the same collection.
# Poems (Griffith)

POEMS BY MATTIE GRIFFITH.
POEMS,
by
MATTIE GRIFFITH.
Now first Collected.
NEW-YORK
D. APPLETON & COMPANY, 200 BROADWAY,
AND 16 LITTLE BRITAIN, LONDON.
M.DCCC.LIII
to the
GREAT PEOPLE OF KENTUCKY,
This Little Volume
IS AFFECTIONATELY INSCRIBED
BY THE
HUMBLEST AND MOST DEVOTED
OF KENTUCKY'S DAUGHTERS
                                     THE AUTHOR.
CONTENTS.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Basel (canton)

See also Canton of Basel on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​BASEL (Fr. Bâle), one of the most northerly of the Swiss cantons, and the only one (save Schaffhausen) that includes any territory north of the Rhine. It is traversed by the chain of the Jura, and is watered by the Birs and the Ergolz, both tributaries (left) of the Rhine. It is traversed by railways from Basel to Olten (25 m.) and to Laufen (141/4 m.), besides local lines from Basel to Flühen (8 m.) for the frequented pilgrimage resort of Mariastein, and from Liestal to Waldenburg (83/4 m.), From 1803 to 1814 the canton was one of the six “Directorial” cantons of the Confederation. Since 1833 it has been divided into two half cantons, with independent constitutions.
One is that of Basel Stadt or Bâle Ville, including, besides the city of Basel, the three rural districts (all to the north of the Rhine) of Riehen, Bettingen and Klein Hüningen (the latter now united to the city). The total area of this half canton is 13·7 sq. m. only, of which 11 sq. m. are classed as “productive,” forests occupying 1·5 sq. m., but its total population in 1900 was 112,227 (of whom 3066 inhabited the rural districts), mainly German-speaking, and numbering 73,063 Protestants, 37,101 Romanists (including the Old Catholics), and 1897 Jews. The cantonal constitution dates from 1889. The executive of seven members and the legislature (Grossrat) of 130 members, as well as the one member sent to the Federal Ständerat and the six sent to the Federal Nationalrat, are all elected by a direct popular vote for the term of three years. Since 1875, 1000 citizens can claim a popular vote (facultative Referendum) on all bills, or can exercise the right of initiative whether as to laws or the revision of the cantonal constitution.
The other half canton is that of Basel Landschaft or Bâle Campagne, which is divided into four administrative districts and comprises seventy-four communes, its capital being Liestal. Its total area is 165 sq. m., of which all but 5 sq. m. is reckoned “productive” (including 55·9 sq. m. of forests). In 1900 its total population was 68,497, nearly all German-speaking, while there were 52,763 Protestants, 15,564 Romanists, and 130 Jews.
The cantonal constitution dates from 1892. The executive of 5 members and the legislature or Landrat (one member per 800 inhabitants or fraction over 400), as well as the single member sent to the Federal Ständerat and the three sent to the Federal Nationalrat, are all elected by a direct popular vote for three years. The “obligatory Referendum” obtains in the case of all laws, while 1500 citizens have the right of “initiative” whether as to laws or the revision of the cantonal constitution. Silk ribbon weaving, textile industries and the manufacture of tiles are carried on.  (W. A. B. C.)
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Base Fee

See also Base fee on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​BASE FEE, in law, a freehold estate of inheritance which is limited or qualified by the existence of certain conditions. In modern property law the commonest example of a base fee is an estate created by a tenant in tail, not in possession, who bars the entail without the consent of the protector of the settlement. Though he bars his own issue, he cannot bar any remainder or reversion, and the estate (i.e. the base fee) thus created is determinable on the failure of his issue in tail. An example of this kind of estate was introduced by George Eliot into the plot of Felix Holt. Another example of a base fee is an estate descendible to heirs general, but terminable on an uncertain event; for example, a grant of land to A and his heirs, tenants of the manor of Dale. The estate terminates whenever the prescribed qualification ceases. An early meaning of base fee was an estate held not by free or military service, but by base service, i.e. at the will of the lord.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Bascom, John

See also John Bascom on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​BASCOM, JOHN (1827–), American educationalist and philosophical writer, was born at Genoa, New York, on the 1st of May 1827. He graduated at Williams College in 1849 and at the Andover Theological Seminary in 1855, was professor of rhetoric at Williams College from 1855 to 1874, and was president of the University of Wisconsin and professor of mental and moral philosophy there from 1874 to 1887. In 1887–1891 and in 1901–1903 he was lecturer in sociology, and in 1891–1901 professor of economics in Williams College. He retired in 1903. Among his publications may be mentioned: Aesthetics (1862); Philosophy of Rhetoric (1865); Science, Philosophy and Religion (1871); Philosophy of English Literature (1874); Philosophy of Religions (1876); Problems in Philosophy (1885); The New Theology (1891); Social Theory (1895); Evolution and Religion (1896); Growth of Nationality in the United States (1899); and God and His Goodness (1901).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Basel, Confession of

See also Confession of Basel on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​BASEL, CONFESSION OF, one of the many statements of faith produced by the Reformation. It was put out in 1534 and must be distinguished from the First and Second Helvetic Confessions, its author being Oswald Myconius, who based it on a shorter confession promulgated by Oecolampadius, his predecessor in the church at Basel. Though it was an attempt to bring into line with the reforming party both those who still inclined to the old faith and the anabaptist section, its publication provoked a good deal of controversy, especially on its statements concerning the Eucharist, and the people of Strassburg even reproached those of Basel with celebrating a Christless supper. Up to the year 1826 the Confession (sometimes also known as the Confession of Mühlhausen from its adoption by that town) was publicly read from the pulpits of Basel on the Wednesday of Passion week in each year. In 1872 a resolution of the great council of the city practically annulled it.
# Poems and Ballads (second series)/Théophile Gautier

Previously printed (under the heading Sonnet only) in Le Tombeau de Théophile Gautier, 1873, p. 168.
THÉOPHILE GAUTIER.
Pour mettre une couronne au front d'une chanson, Il semblait qu'en passant son pied semât des roses, Et que sa main cueillît comme des fleurs écloses Les étoiles au fond du ciel en floraison.
Sa parole de marbre et d'or avait le son Des clairons de l'été chassant les jours moroses; Comme en Thrace Apollon banni des grands cieux roses, Il regardait du cœur l'Olympe, sa maison.
Le soleil fut pour lui le soleil du vieux monde, Et son œil recherchait dans les flots embrasés Le sillon immortel d'où s'élança sur l'onde
Vénus, que la mer molle enivrait de baisers: Enfin, dieu ressaisi de sa splendeur première, Il trône, et son sépulcre est bâti de lumière.
# Poems and Ballads (second series)/The Complaint of the Fair Armouress

According to Wise, the suppressed lines in stanza vii. read—The large loins, and the flower that was | Planted above my strong, round thighs | In a small garden of soft grass. Those from stanza ix.—The flanks too, like the bosom, thin; | As for the sweet place, out on it! | For the lank thighs, no thighs but skin, |They are like singed strips of sausage meat.
TRANSLATIONS FROM THE FRENCH OF VILLON.
THE COMPLAINT OF THE FAIR ARMOURESS.
i.
That sweet who was the armourer's maid; For her young years she made sore moan, And right upon this wise she said; 'Ah fierce old age with foul bald head, To spoil fair things thou art over fain; Who holdeth me? who? would God I were dead! Would God I were well dead and slain!
ii.
That my high beauty held above All priests and clerks and merchant‑folk; There was not one but for my love
Would give me gold and gold enough, Though sorrow his very heart had riven, To win from me such wage thereof As now no thief would take if given.
iii.
God wot it was my great folly, For love of one sly knave of them, Good store of that same sweet had he; For all my subtle wiles, perdie, God wot I loved him well enow; Right evilly he handled me, But he loved well my gold, I trow.
iv.
I loved him never the less a jot; Though he bound burdens on my back, If he said "Kiss me" and heed it not
Right little pain I felt, God wot, When that foul thief's mouth, found so sweet, Kissed me—Much good thereof I got! I keep the sin and the shame of it.
vi.
I am old now, no sweet thing to see; By God, though, when I think thereon, And of that good glad time, woe's me, And stare upon my changed body Stark naked, that has been so sweet, Lean, wizen, like a small dry tree, I am nigh mad with the pain of it.
vi.
The lifted eyebrows, soft gold hair, Eyes wide apart and keen of sight, With subtle skill in the amorous air;
The straight nose, great nor small, but fair, The small carved ears of shapeliest growth, Chin dimpling, colour good to wear, And sweet red splendid kissing mouth?
vii.
Long arms, hands wrought in glorious wise, Round little breasts, the hips withal High, full of flesh, not scant of size, Fit for all amorous masteries; *** ***** *****, *** *** ****** **** *** ******* ***** ** **** ***** ****** ** * ***** ****** ** **** *****?
viii.
Fallen eyebrows, eyes gone blind and red, Their laughs and looks all fled away, Yea, all that smote men's hearts are fled;
The bowed nose, fallen from goodlihead; Foul flapping ears like water‑flags; Peaked chin, and cheeks all waste and dead, And lips that are two skinny rags:
ix.
The arms made short, the hands made lean, The shoulders bowed and ruinous, The breasts, alack! all fallen in; The flanks too, like the breasts, grown thin; ** *** *** ***** *****, *** ** **! *** *** **** ******, ** ****** *** ****, **** *** **** ****** ****** ** *******-****.
x.
Poor old light women, two or three Squatting above the straw‑fire's blaze, The bosom crushed against the knee,
Like fagots on a heap we be, Round fires soon lit, soon quenched and done; And we were once so sweet, even we! Thus fareth many and many an one.'
# Poems and Ballads (second series)/The Dispute of the Heart and Body of François Villon

Previously printed (under the tentative title The Dispute of the Soul and Body of François Villon) in The Athenæum, July 7th, 1877, p. 15.
THE DISPUTE OF THE HEART AND BODY OF FRANÇOIS VILLON.
Who is this I hear?—Lo, this is I, thine heart, That holds on merely now by a slender string. Strength fails me, shape and sense are rent apart, The blood in me is turned to a bitter thing, Seeing thee skulk here like a dog shivering.— Yea, and for what?—For that thy sense found sweet.— What irks it thee?—I feel the sting of it.— Leave me at peace.—Why?—Nay now, leave me at peace; I will repent when I grow ripe in wit.— I say no more.—I care not though thou cease.—
What art thou, trow?—A man worth praise, perfay.— This is thy thirtieth year of wayfaring.— 'Tis a mule's age.—Art thou a boy still?—Nay.— Is it hot lust that spurs thee with its sting, Grasping thy throat? Know'st thou not anything?— Yea, black and white, when milk is specked with flies, I can make out.—No more?—Nay, in no wise. Shall I begin again the count of these?— Thou art undone.—I will make shift to rise.— I say no more.—I care not though thou cease.—
I have the sorrow of it, and thou the smart. Wert thou a poor mad fool or weak of wit, Then might'st thou plead this pretext with thine heart; But if thou know not good from evil a whit, Either thy head is hard as stone to hit, Or shame, not honour, gives thee most content. What canst thou answer to this argument?—
When I am dead I shall be well at ease.— God! what good hope!—Thou art over eloquent.— I say no more.—I care not though thou cease.—
Whence is this ill?—From sorrow and not from sin. When Saturn packed my wallet up for me I well believe he put these ills therein.— Fool, wilt thou make thy servant lord of thee? Hear now the wise king's counsel; thus saith he: All power upon the stars a wise man hath; There is no planet that shall do him scathe.— Nay, as they made me I grow and I decrease.— What say'st thou?—Truly this is all my faith.— I say no more.—I care not though thou cease.—
Wouldst thou live still?—God help me that I may!— Then thou must—What? turn penitent and pray?— Read always—What?—Grave words and good to say;
Leave off the ways of fools, lest they displease.— Good; I will do it.—Wilt thou remember?—Yea.— Abide not till there come an evil day. I say no more.—I care not though thou cease.
# Poems and Ballads (second series)/To Victor Hugo

Previously printed in The Athenæum, January 3rd, 1874, p. 20.
TO VICTOR HUGO.
He had no children, who for love of men, Being God, endured of Gods such things as thou, Father; nor on his thunder‑beaten brow Fell such a woe as bows thine head again, Twice bowed before, though godlike, in man's ken, And seen too high for any stroke to bow Save this of some strange God's that bends it now The third time with such weight as bruised it then. Fain would grief speak, fain utter for love's sake Some word; but comfort who might bid thee take? What God in your own tongue shall talk with thee, Showing how all souls that look upon the sun Shall be for thee one spirit and thy son, And thy soul's child the soul of man to be?
January 3, 1876.
# Poems and Ballads (second series)/The Epitaph in form of a Ballad

THE EPITAPH IN FORM OF A BALLAD WHICH VILLON MADE FOR HIMSELF AND HIS COMRADES, EXPECTING TO BE HANGED ALONG WITH THEM.
Men, brother men, that after us yet live, Let not your hearts too hard against us be; For if some pity of us poor men ye give, The sooner God shall take of you pity. Here are we five or six strung up, you see, And here the flesh that all too well we fed Bit by bit eaten and rotten, rent and shred, And we the bones grow dust and ash withal; Let no man laugh at us discomforted, But pray to God that he forgive us all.
If we call on you, brothers, to forgive, Ye should not hold our prayer in scorn, though we
Were slain by law; ye know that all alive Have not wit alway to walk righteously; Make therefore intercession heartily With him that of a virgin's womb was bred, That his grace be not as a dry well‑head For us, nor let hell's thunder on us fall; We are dead, let no man harry or vex us dead, But pray to God that he forgive us all.
The rain has washed and laundered us all five, And the sun dried and blackened; yea, perdie, Ravens and pies with beaks that rend and rive Have dug our eyes out, and plucked off for fee Our beards and eyebrows; never are we free, [Pg 153]Not once, to rest; but here and there still sped, Drive at its wild will by the wind's change led, More pecked of birds than fruits on garden‑wall; Men, for God's love, let no gibe here be said, But pray to God that he forgive us all.
Prince Jesus, that of all art lord and head, Keep us, that hell be not our bitter bed; We have nought to do in such a master's hall. Be not ye therefore of our fellowhead, But pray to God that he forgive us all.
# Poems and Ballads (second series)/Triads

TRIADS.
I.
i.
The word of the wind to the sea, The word of the moon to the night, What may it be?
ii.
The sense of the bird to the tree, The sense to the cloud of the light, Who can tell me?
iii.
The song of the lime to the bee, The song of the depth to the height, Who knows all three?
II i.
That May sends on into June And June gives out to July For birthday boon;
ii.
The delight of the day in the noon, The delight of a song in a sigh That breaks the tune;
iii.
The cost of the change of the moon, None knows it with ear or with eye, But all will soon.
III. i.
The shore's for the wave as it dies, The love of the thunder‑fire That sears the skies,
ii.
Till all life, spent into sighs, Burn out as consumed with desire Of death's strange eyes;
iii.
In the light of one hour as it flies, Be the hour as of suns that expire Or suns that rise.
# Poems and Ballads (second series)/The White Czar

Previously printed in The Glasgow University Magazine, February, 1878, p. 17.
THE WHITE CZAR.
[In an English magazine of 1877 there appeared a version of some insolent lines addressed by 'A Russian Poet to the Empress of India.' To these the first of the two following sonnets was designed to serve by way of counterblast. The writer will scarcely be suspected of royalism or imperialism; but it seemed to him that an insult levelled by Muscovite lips at the ruler of England might perhaps be less unfitly than unofficially resented by an Englishman who was also a republican.]
i.
And Pilate by the hue that sears thine hand Whence all earth's waters cannot wash the brand That signs thy soul a manslayer's though thou speak All Christ, with lips most murderous and most meek—
Thou set thy foot where England's used to stand! Thou reach thy rod forth over Indian land! Slave of the slaves that call thee lord, and weak As their foul tongues who praise thee! son of them Whose presence put the snows and stars to shame In centuries dead and damned that reek below Curse‑consecrated, crowned with crime and flame, To them that bare thee like them shalt thou go Forth of man's life—a leper white as snow.
ii.
Cry, What is truth? O Pilate; thou shalt know Haply too soon, and gnash thy teeth for woe Ere the outer darkness take thee round unseen That hides the red ghosts of thy race obscene Bound nine times round with hell's most dolorous flow, And in its pools thy crownless head lie low By his of Spain who dared an English queen
With half a world to hearten him for fight, Till the wind gave his warriors and their might To shipwreck and the corpse‑encumbered sea: But thou, take heed, ere yet thy lips wax white, Lest as it was with Philip so it be, O white of name and red of hand, with thee.