OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Carne, Elizabeth Catherine Thomas

​CARNE, ELIZABETH CATHERINE THOMAS (1817–1873), author, fifth daughter of Joseph Carne, F.R.S. [q. v.], was born at Rivière House, in the parish of Phillack, Cornwall, on 16 Dec. 1817, and baptised in Phillack church on 15 May 1820. On her father's death in 1858, having come into an ample fortune, she spent considerable sums in charitable purposes, gave the site for the Elizabeth or St. Paul's schools which were opened at Penzance on 2 Feb. 1876, founded schools at Wesley Rock, Carfury, and Bosullow, three thinly populated districts in the neighbourhood of Penzance, and built a museum in which to exhibit to the public a fine collection of minerals which she had inherited from her parent. She was the head of the Penzance bank from 1858 to her decease. She inherited her father's love of geology, and wrote four papers in the ‘Transactions of the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall:’ ‘Cliff Boulders and the Former Condition of the Land and Sea in the Land's End district,’ ‘The Age of the Maritime Alps surrounding Mentone,’ ‘On the Transition and Metamorphosis of Rocks,’ and ‘On the Nature of the Forces that have acted on the Formation of the Land's End Granite.’ Many articles were contributed by her to the ‘London Quarterly Review,’ and she was the author of several books. She died at Penzance on 7 Sept. 1873, and was buried at Phillack on 12 Sept. Her funeral sermon was preached in St. Mary's Church, Penzance, by the Rev. Prebendary Hedgeland on 14 Sept. She was the author of: 1. ‘Three Months' Rest at Pau in the Winter and Spring of 1859,’ brought out with the pseudonym of John Altrayd Wittitterly in 1860. 2. ‘Country Towns and the place they fill in Modern Civilisation,’ 1868. 3. ‘England's Three Wants,’ an anonymous book, 1871. 4. ‘The Realm of Truth,’ 1873.
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Carmichael, John (1638-1710)

1904 Errata appended.
​CARMICHAEL, JOHN, second Lord Carmichael and first Earl of Hyndford (1638–1710), son of William, master of Carmichael, and Lady Grizel Douglas, third daughter of the first marquis of Douglas, was born on 28 Feb. 1638. He succeeded his grandfather as Lord Carmichael in 1672. In 1689 he was appointed by William one of the commissioners of the privy seal and a privy councillor. The following year he was appointed William's commissioner to the first general assembly of the newly established church of Scotland. In 1693 he was appointed to the command of a regiment of dragoons, which he held till the peace of Ryswick in 1697. In December 1696 he was made secretary of state for Scotland, and in January 1696-7 was chosen commissioner by the general assembly. By patent at Kensington, on 5 June 1701, he was created Earl of Hyndford. He retained the offices of secretary of state and privy councillor under Queen Anne. He was one of the commissioners for the treaty of union, and cordially supported the act for carrying it into effect. He died on 20 Sept. 1710. By his wife, Beatrice Drummond, second daughter of the third Lord Madderty, he had seven sons and three daughters.
[Douglas's Scottish Peerage, ii. 756; Irving's Upper Ward of Lanarkshire, i. 21-4; Luttrell's Relation, ii. iii. iv. v.]
T. F. H.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.55 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 130 | ii | 11 | Carmichael, John, 1st Earl of Hyndford: for retained the offices read resigned the office |
| | | 12 | for privy councillor under read in June 1702 after the accession of |
| | | 13 | after Queen Anne insert From 1702 to 1705 he was colonel of a regiment of horse |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Carmylyon, Alice

Ellis Carmyllyan (male) in the ODNB.
​CARMYLYON, ALICE or ELLYS (fl. 1527–1531), painter, a foreigner settled in England, has been by some writers taken to be a woman, the christian name being occasionally spelt Alice, but there is no conclusive evodence either way. The name occurs in the following forms: Alice Carmilliam, Alycs Carmyllion, Alis Carmyllion, Ellys Carmyan, and 'Elysys the painter.' The surname is an anglicised form of Carmelianus, and there may have been some relationship between the painter and Petrus Carmelianus of Brescia, the poet [q. v.] The artist is described in various entries in account-books as 'payntor,' 'myllvner,' 'guylder,' and 'gonnor.' This last 'is no doubt merely a copyist's mistake, the name next above in the list being that of a gunner. There are no other female painters mentioned in the account-books of Henry VIII's reign. but in the next two reigns there was one, who is styled 'Mjstres Levyn Terlynck payntrix.' The use of this feminine form is a slight argument in favour of Carmylvon being a man, and so is the fact that all the other 'myllyners' attached to the court were of the same sex. On the other hand, Carmylyon's wages were 33s. 4d. a quarter, while those of the Hornebauds and Vincent Volpe ranged from 33s. 4d. a month to 5l. a quarter. This might point to the lower scale of wages paid to a woman, were it not that what was known of Carmylyon's work shows that it was by no means of a high class. It does not appear what foundation John Gough Nichols has for his remark that 'she appears to have been a painter in miniature (Archæol., xxxix. 39), for all the notices discoverable refer to the banquetting-house at Greenwich, gilding vanes for the Tower, and working at 'two arches, a portall, a fountayne, and an arbour.' We may therefore conclude that decoration rather than miniature was her province. The dates 1539 and 1541 given by Nichols as the last payments to Carmylyon are mistakes for 1529 and 1531.
[Cal. State Papers, Hen. VIII, iv. 1395, v. 305, 307, vi. 5; Archæologia, xxxix. 39.]
C. T. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bishop, John (1797-1873)

​BISHOP, JOHN (1797–1873), surgeon, was the fourth son of Mr. Samuel Bishop, of Pimperne, Dorsetshire. He was born on 15 Sept. 1797, and he received his education at the grammar school at Childe Okeford in Dorsetshire, where he remained for several years. Bishop was originally intended for the legal profession, but this intention was never carried out, and for many years he led the life of a country gentleman. When about twenty-five years of age Bishop was induced by his cousin, Mr. John Tucker of Bridport, to enter the medical profession. After a short preliminary practice, under the direction of his relative, at Bridport, he came to London and entered at St. George's Hospital under Sir Everard Home. While studying in this hospital Bishop attended the lectures of Sir Charles Bell, of Mr. Guthrie, and Dr. George Pearson, and he was a regular attendant at the chemical courses which were delivered at the Royal Institution. In 1824 he obtained the diploma of the Royal College of Surgeons, and entered regularly into his profession. He soon acquired a reputation as a careful and skilful observer. This secured for him the offices of senior surgeon to the Islington Dispensary, and surgeon to the Northern and St. Pancras dispensaries, and to the Drapers' Benevolent Institution. In 1844 Bishop contributed a paper to the 'Philosophical Transactions' of the Royal Society, on the 'Physiology of the Human Voice.' He was shortly afterwards elected a fellow of the Royal Society, and a corresponding member of the medical societies of Berlin and Madrid. The Royal Academy of Science of Paris awarded him two prizes for memoirs 'On the Human and Comparative Anatomy and Physiology of Voice.' He was the author of a work 'On Distortions of the Human Body,' another 'On Impediments of Speech,' and one 'On Hearing and Speaking Instruments.' These works were remarkable for the careful examinations which the author had made on the subjects under investigation, and for the mathematical demonstration given of each theory advanced by him. Bishop contributed several articles to Todd's 'Cyclopædia,' and many papers of more or less importance to the medical literature of the day.
Bishop was a man of varied attainments; he was conversant with continental as well as English literature, and to within a few months of his death he was deeply interested in the progress of science. On 29 Sept. 1873 he died at Strangeways-Marshale, Dorsetshire, within a few miles of his birthplace.
[Proceedings of the Royal Society xxi. 5 (1873); Catalogue of Scientific Papers, vol. i. (1877).]
R. H-t.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bisse, Philip

​BISSE, PHILIP, D.D.(1667–1721), bishop of St. David’s and of Hereford, was a native of Oldbury in Gloucestershire-‘a sacerdotum stemmate per quinque successiones deducto' and received his education at Winchester School, whence he was sent to New College, Oxford, where he obtained a fellowship (B.A. 1690, M.A. 1693, D.D. and D.D. 1705). On 13 Feb. 1705-6 he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society. He was consecrated bishop of St. David's 19 Nov. 1710, and was translated to the see of Hereford 16 Feb. 1712-3. He died at Westminster 6 Sept. 1721, in the fifty-fifth year of his age, and was buried in his cathedral between two pillars above the episcopal throne, under a very sumptuous monument of fine marble. Dr. Bisse was ‘a person most universally lamented, being of great sanctity and sweetness of manners; of clear honour, integrity, and steadiness in all times to the constitution in church and state; of excellent parts, judgment, and penetration, in most kinds of learning, and of equal discernment and temper in business; a great benefactor to his cathedral church, and especially to his palace, which last he in a manner rebuilt’ (Boyer, Political State of Great Britain, xxii. 329). Noble states that Bisse was more indebted to his fine person than his fine preaching for preferment, and refers to a report that the Duchess Dowager of Northumberland gave him her hand because she had by mistake received the pressure of his lips in the dark in a kiss intended for her waiting gentlewoman (Continuation of Granger, ii. 100). In reality Bisse married in 1706 Bridget, third daughter of Thomas Osborne, duke of Leeds, and widow of Charles FitzCharles, earl of Plymouth (Luttrell, Relation of Stale Affairs, vi. 76).
The bishop published several of his sermons. One was preached before the House of Commons 15 March 1709-10, being the day appointed for a general fast, and another was delivered before the House of Peers 29 May 1711, being the day of public thanksgiving to Almighty God for having put an end to the great rebellion. There is a portrait of him engraved by Vertue from a painting by Thomas Hill. Another portrait of him will be found in the Oxford Almanac for 1738.
[Godwin, De Præsulibus (Richardson), 498; Browne Willis's Survey of the Cathedrals, ii. 530-532; Thomson's Hist. of the Royal Soc. Append. p. xxxi; Addit. MSS. 6693, p. 163, 22136, f. 8; Cat. of Printed Books in Brit. Mus.; Historical Register (1721), Chronological Diary, 36; Nichols’s Lit. Anecd. i. 120, 703, vi. 225, viii. 391; Luttrell’s Relation of State Affairs, vi. 76, 548, 558, 643; Manby's Hist. of St. David's, 167; Jones and Freemans Hist. of St. David’s, 334; Notes and Queries, 2nd ser. ii. 53. 54; Cat. of Oxford Graduates (1851), 62; Le Neve's Fasti (Hardy), i. 304, 473; Cooke's Contin. of Duncumb's Herefordshire, iii. 223, 224; Britton's Cathedral Church of Hereford, 33, 61, 7l.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bisse, Thomas

1904 Errata appended.
​BISSE, THOMAS, D.D. (d. 1731), divine, was a younger brother of Dr. Philip Bisse, bishop of Hereford. He was educated at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, where he graduated B.A. in 1695, M.A. in 1698, B.D. in 1708, and D.D. in 1712. In 1715 he was chosen preacher at the Rolls Chapel, London, and in the following year, on the deprivation of John Harvey, M.A., a nonjuror, he was collated to the chancellorship of Hereford on the presentation of his brother the bishop. He was made prebendary of Colwall in the church of Hereford in 1731, and he also held the rectories of Cradley and Weston in Herefordshire. His death occurred on 22 April 1731. He was a frequent and an eloquent preacher, and several of his occasional sermons were published. Those of most permanent reputation are: 1. ‘The Beauty of Holiness in the Common Prayer, as set forth in four sermons preached at the Rolls Chapel,’ London, 1716, 8vo. 2. ‘A Rationale on Cathedral Worship or Choir-Service,' 1720; this and the preceding work have been frequently reprinted. A new edition of them in one volume appeared at Cambridge in 1842. 3. ‘Decency and Order in Public Worship recommended, in three discourses preached ​in the cathedral church of Hereford,' 1723. 4. ‘A Course of Sermons on the Lord’s Prayer, preach'd at the Rolls’ [Oxford ? 1740], 8vo; edited from the anthor’s manuscripts by his relative Thomas Bisse, M.A., chaplain of All Souls College, Oxford. He was also the author of ‘Microscopium,' a Latin poem, printed in ‘ Musarum Anglicanarum Analecta’ (London, 1721), i. 266-79.
There is a portrait of him, engraved by Vertne from a painting by T. Hill.
[Nichols’s Lit. Anecd. i. 120, 130, 139, 186, 193, 236, 328, 385, 392; Noble's Continuation of Granger. iii. 100; Gent. Mag. i. 174; Cat. of Oxford Graduates (1851), 62; Le Neve's Fasti (Hardy), i. 493, 499.]
T. C.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.28 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 98 | ii | 20 f.e. | Bisse, Thomas: for John read Joseph |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bissait, Baldred

​BISSAIT or BISSET, BALDRED (fl. 1303), a native of the county of Stirling, became rector of Kinghorn, in the diocese of St. Andrews. When in 1300 and 1301 a discussion arose between the pope Boniface VIII, King Edward of England, and the Scottish government, with regard to the independence ​of Scotland, Bisset was appointed one of the commissioners to the pope to represent the claims of Scotland. These commissioners were provided with ‘instructions ’ on which to base their arguments, and from these instructions Bisset composed ‘Progressus contra figmenta regis Angliæ’ Both are printed in the ‘Scotichronicon.' It is in the ‘Progressus’ that we have the first mention of the coronation-stone of Scotland, which Bisset states Scota, daughter of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, brought to Scotland with her. W. F. Skene is of opinion that ‘we owe the legend entirely to the patriotic ingenuity of Baldred Bisset.' Another writing of Bisset is also printed in the ‘Scotichronicon:’ ‘Lamentatio pro rege S. Davidis.' He is also said to have written ‘Contra Ecclesiæ Anglicanam,' ‘Pro Privilegiis Ecclesiæ Scoticanæ,' and ‘Defensio Ecclesiæ Catholicæ.'
[Tanner's Bibl. Brit. p. 102; Skene's Chronicles of the Picts and Scots (1867), pp. lxi, lxx, 271-84; Skene's Coronation Stone (1869),pp. 19-21; Skene's edition of Johannis de Fordun Chronica in Historians of Scotland, i, pp. xxxv, 332, ii. 825, 394.]
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bishop, John (1665-1737)

​BISHOP, JOHN (1665–1737), musical composer, was born in 1665, and (according to Hawkins) educated under Daniel Roseingrave, but, as the latter was organist of Winchester Cathedral from June 1682 to June 1692, and Bishop only came to Winchester in 1695, this is probably an error. Between Michaelmas and Christmas 1687 he became a lay clerk of King's College, Cambridge, where in the following year he was appointed to teach the choristers. In 1695 he was appointed organist of Winchester College, on the resignation of Jeremiah Clarke, but he continued to receive his stipend at Cambridge until the Easter term of 1696. In November 1696 he was elected a lay-vicar of Winchester Cathedral in the place of Thomas Corfe, and on 30 June 1729 he succeeded Vaughan Richardson as organist and master of the choristers of the same cathedral. Bishop's rival for this post was James Kent, who was esteemed a better player, but the 'age and amiable disposition' of the former, coupled with the sympathy felt for some family misfortune he had suffered, induced the dean and chapter to give him the appointment, Bishop remained at Winchester until his death, which took place 19 Dec. 1737. He was buried on the Avest side of the college cloister, where his epitaph styles him 'Vir singulari probitate, integerrima vita, moribus innocuis, musicæque ​scientiæ bene peritus.' Bishop published some collections of psalm tunes and anthems, copies of which are now but rarely met with. Manuscript compositions by him are preserved in the British Museum (Add. MS. 17841 , and Harl. MS. 7341), and in the libraries of the Royal College of Music (1649), and of Christ Church, Oxford. In the latter collection is a complete copy of his 'Morning and Evening Service' in D, the Te Deum from which is to be found in other collections. Dr. Philip Hayes's 'Harmonia Wiccamica' (1780) also contains some Latin compositions by Bishop for the use of Winchester College. All his extant works are interesting as showing the manner in which the disregard of proper emphasis and the introduction of meaningless embellishments gradually corrupted the style of the school of which Purcell was the greatest ornament, and led to the inanities of writers like Kent. Hawkins, who has been followed by other biographers, says that Bishop was at one time organist of Salisbury, but this is inaccurate. The organists of Salisbury (and the dates of their appointments) during Bishop's life were as follows: Michael Wise (1668), Peter Isaacke (1687), Daniel Roseingrave (1692), Anthony Walkley (1700), and Edward Thompson (1718).
[Hawkins's Hist, of Music (ed. 1853), p. 767; Hayes's Harmonia Wiccamica (1780); Records of King's Coll. Cambridge (communicated by the Rev. A. Austen Leigh); Chapter Registers of Salisbury (communicated by the Rev. S. M. Lakin); Chapter Registers of Winchester; information from the Rev. J. H. Mee; Catalogues of the British Museum and Royal College of Music.]
W. B. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hart, George Vaughan

​HART, GEORGE VAUGHAN (1752–1832), general, born in 1752, was fifth in descent from General Henry Hart, military governor of Londonderry and Culmore forts in the seventeenth century. He became in 1775 an ensign in the 46th foot, and was engaged in the American war. In 1776 he joined the forces at Cape Fear, North Carolina, and served as aide-de-camp to Major-general Vaughan in the unsuccessful attack on Charlestown. He was engaged under Sir William Howe in the battles on Long Island, and at the attack and capture of several of the adjacent forts. His regiment passed the winter at Amboy, and was employed in escort service. In the next year he sailed in Lord Howe's fleet to Chesapeake Bay, and was present at the battles of Brandywine Creek (11 Sept. 1777) and Germantown (4 Oct. 1777). He was promoted lieutenant in 1777, and during the following winter while stationed at Philadelphia was employed in the fortification of the town. He was present at the battle of Monmouth, and afterwards joined in the expedition under General Grey which destroyed the stores and fortifications of New Haven, Connecticut. Between 1778 and 1779 Hart was engaged in active service in the West Indies. In 1779 he was made a captain. The rest of his military life was devoted to service in India, where he was present at the taking of Bangalore, at the three sieges of Seringapatam, as well as many other minor affairs, including the battle before Seringapatam on 15 May 1791, when his horse was killed under him, and that of Mullavelly in 1798. On the acquisition of the province of Canara in 1799 he was appointed to command it. The year before he had been made a colonel, and after his return home he was placed on the staff in Ireland, and made major-general 1 Jan. 1805, and lieutenant-general in 1811. He was also commander of the northern district and governor of Londonderry and Culmore. He represented Donegal county in parliament from 23 Oct. 1812 till the dissolution of 1831. Hart died at his seat at Kilderry, Donegal, 14 June 1832. He married Charlotte, daughter of John Ellerker of Ellerker, in 1792, and by her had five sons and three daughters.
[Gent. Mag. 1832, ii. 180-1; Annual Register, 1832, p. 208; Colange's Gazetteer of the United States; Burke's Landed Gentry.]
F. W-t.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hart, John (d.1574)

​HART, JOHN (d. 1574), orthographic reformer, entered the College of Arms at an early age, became Newhaven pursuivant extraordinary, and was created Chester herald in 1566. On 6 Dec. 1569, after the suppression of the northern rebellion, he was sent to Doncaster by Lord Clinton with 2,000l., to be delivered to Sir Thomas Gargrave. He also took a further sum of 2,000l. to Sir Ralph Sadler at Northallerton. He died in London on 16 July 1574. On 8 July 1578 Mary, his widow, presented a petition to Lord Burghley.
His works are: 1. ‘The Opening of the Unreasonable Writing of our Inglish Toung: wherein is shewid what necessarili is to be left, and what folowed for the perfect writing thereof,’ 1551. Royal MS. in British Museum, 17 C. vii. pp. 230. The work, which consists of thirteen chapters, is dedicated to Edward VI. 2. ‘An Orthographie, conteyning the due order and reason, howe to write or painte thimage of mannes voice, moste like to the life or nature. Composed by J. H., Chester Heralt,’ London, 1569, 8vo. Reprinted, mostly in Pitman's system of phonetic shorthand, lithographed by Isaac Pitman, London, 1850, 16mo. In this remarkable treatise he expounds a plan for reforming the existing orthography of the English language on a strictly phonetic basis. Other early attempts in the same direction were made by Sir John Cheke [q. v.], Sir Thomas Smith, and William Bullokar [q. v.] 3. ‘A Methode, or Comfortable Beginning for all Unlearned, whereby they may be taught to read English in a very short time with pleasure,’ London (H. Denham), 1570, 4to.
[Ames's Typogr. Antiquities (Herbert), pp. 701, 951, 1268; Casley's Cat. of MSS. p. 267; Gibson's Bibl. of Shorthand, p. 89; Hazlitt's Bibl. Collections and Notes, i. 202; Hazlitt's Handbook to Literature, p. 257; Heber's Catalogue, pt. i.; The Huth Library, ii. 655; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. (Bohn), p. 1006; Noble's College of Arms, pp. 177, 187; Cal. of State Papers, Dom. (1547–80), pp. 354, 594, Addenda (1566–79), pp. 140, 152, 326–8, 461; Tanner's Bibl. Brit.; Wood's Athenæ Oxon. (Bliss), i. 636.]
T. C.