OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Barbour, John Strode

​BARBOUR, John Strode, senator, was born in Culpeper county, Va., Dec. 29, 1820; son of John Strode Barbour (1810-'55). representative in the 19th-22d congresses, 1825-'33. He was a student at the University of Virginia and was graduated from the law department in 1842, practising in his native county. He was prominent in the politics of Culpeper county and in 1847 was sent to the house of delegates of the Virginia legislature. He was re-elected to serve in three successive sessions of that body. Then for nearly thirty years he was engaged in large business enterprises. In 1852 he was elected president of the Orange and Alexandria railroad and served in that capacity until the road was merged in the Virginia Midland railroad, when he was made president of that road until 1883, when he resigned. In 1880 he was elected to represent his district in the 47th congress and was re-elected to the 48th and 49th congresses. The Virginia legislature in 1889 elected him as a Democrat to the United States senate to succeed Harrison Riddleberger, whose term expired March 3, 1889. Senator Barbour served as a member of the regular senate committees on pensions, interstate commerce, education and labor, District of Columbia, and organization, conduct and expenditures of the executive departments, as well as of the select committees to investigate the Potomac river in front of Washington and to establish a university. He died May 14, 1892.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Barbour, Philip Norbourne

​BARBOUR, Philip Norbourne, soldier, was born near Bardstown, Ky., in 1817. In 1834 he was graduated from the military academy at West Point with the brevet rank of 2d lieutenant, and was promoted to the full rank in 1836, serving on frontier duty in Iowa and Louisiana until 1840. In 1838 he was promoted 1st lieutenant and from 1840 to 1842 served in the Florida war. In April, 1842, he was brevetted captain for his services in the war against the Florida Indians, and until June, 1843, served as acting assistant adjutant-general of the department of Florida. He was promoted captain Nov. 26, 1845, and served in the military occupation of Texas in 1845 and 1846. He was actively engaged in the war with Mexico, and for his action in the battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma he received the brevet rank of major. He also served in the battle of Monterey, and while cheering his men to the charge, he was struck by a ball and died Sept. 21, 1846.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Bardwell, Willis Arthur

​BARDWELL, Willis Arthur, librarian, was born at Williamstown, Mass., Oct. 15, 1840, son of Joseph Bard well, and a descendant of Robert Bardwell. He was educated in the common schools; removed to Brooklyn, N. Y., and served as clerk in a book concern, 1859-'68. He was assistant librarian of the Mercantile library, Brooklyn, 1869-’85, acting librarian, 1885-’88, and librarian from 1888.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Barbour, James C.

​BARBOUR, James C., statesman, was born in Orange county, Va., June 10, 1775; son of Col. Thomas Barbour. He studied law while deputy sheriff, and was admitted to the bar in 1794. He was a member, and part of the time speaker, of the Virginia house of delegates from 1796-1812, and framed the anti-duelling act. In 1812 he was elected governor of Virginia, and in 1815 to the United States senate. He was secretary of war under President John Q. Adams, and in 1828 was sent as minister to England, being recalled by President Jackson in 1829. He was president of the Whig convention in 1839, which mominated General Harrison for president, and was a vigorous opposer of the doctrines of the Democratic party. He died June 8, 1842.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Bard, Samuel

​BARD, Samuel, physician, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., April 1, 1742; son of John Bard. His paternal grandfather was driven to America by the revocation of the edict of Nantes, and settling at Burlington, N. J., became one of the judges of the supreme court. Samuel Bard entered King's college at the age of fourteen. In 1861 he went to Europe to complete his education, and was graduated at Edinburgh in 1865 with high honors. He then practised medicine in New York city, and within a year established a medical school in connection with King's college, in which he held the chair of the theory and practice of physics. At the first commencement of Columbia college (formerly King's) in 1769, Dr. Bard delivered an address to the graduates which moved influential men to establish the New York hospital. His work was somewhat interrupted by the revolutionary war, but he soon regained his large practice, and was the family physician of General Washington during his stay in New York. In 1792 he became professor of natural philosophy in Columbia college, and in 1798 retired from active professional life, residing at Hyde Park on the Hudson, where he built an Episcopal church and contributed largely to its support. He was much interested in agriculture, being instrumental in forming the agricultural society of Dutchess county, of which he was elected president in 1806. In 1811 he was elected an honorary member of the college of physicians and surgeons in Philadelphia, and in the same year was made president of the New York college of physicians and surgeons. In 1816 Princeton college conferred upon him the degree of LL. D. The titles of his books include: "De Viribus Opii (1765); "A Compendium of the Theory and Practice of Midwifery" (1807, 5th ed., 1819),and "The Shepherd's Guide." He died in Hyde Park, N. Y., May 24, 1821.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Barker, Albert Smith

​BARKER, Albert Smith, naval officer, was born in Hanson, Mass., March 31, 1843; son of Josiah and Eliza (Cushing) Barker; grandson of Isaac Bowen and Elizabeth (Torrey) Barker and of Pickels and Rachel Cushing; and a descendant of Robert Barker, who settled in Plymouth between 1630 and 1640. He was appointed to the United States naval academy, Oct 25, 1859, and was ordered into active service in May, 1861. He served on the steam frigate Mississippi at the bombardment and passage of the forts and the capture of New Orleans, April 25, 1862; was promoted ensign, Nov. 25, 1862, and was actively engaged in the attempted capture of Port Hudson, March 14, 1863, where the Mississippi was destroyed; joined the Monongahela, took part in the siege of Port Hudson and the ensuing battles which cleared the river; was promoted lieutenant, Feb. 22, 1864; lieutenant-commander, July 25, 1866; commander, March 28, 1877; captain, May 5, 1892; and rear-admiral, Oct. 10, 1899. He ran a line of deep sea soundings around the world in 1883-'86, while in command of the Enterprise; commanded the protected cruiser Philadelphia, May, 1892, to August, 1894, and the battleship Oregon, March, 1896, to January, 1897. Upon the outbreak of the Spanish-American war he was a member of the naval war board; then commanded the protected cruiser Newark in the North Atlantic squadron, May, 1898, to August, 1898, when he was again placed in command of the Oregon and in September, 1898, was appointed to command a special service squadron for the Pacific; visited the principal ports of South America, and reached Manila in March, 1899. He took command of the Norfolk navy yard Oct, 5, 1899; was promoted rear-admiral, Oct. 10, 1899, and took command of the New York navy yard in 1900.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Barber, Noyes

​BARBER, Noyes, representative, was born at Groton, Conn, April 28, 1781; son of John and Elizabeth (Dennison) Barber. He became owner of a store in Groton, and conducted the largest mercantile business on the Thames river. He served as major of the 8th Connecticut regiment in the defense of the coast towns during the war of 1812. was twice a member of the state legislature and a representative in the 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th 21st, 22d. and 23d, congresses, 1821-'35. He died at Groton, Conn., Jan. 3, 1844.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Barbour, Philip Pendleton

​BARBOUR, Philip Pendleton, jurist, was born in Orange county, Va., May 25, 1783, son of Col. Thomas Barbour. He received a classical education, was admitted to the bar and practised successfully. He was elected a representative from Virginia to the 13th congress, and was reelected to the five succeeding congressess serving from Sept. 19, 1814, to Feb., 1825. In 1821 he was speaker of the house of representatives, and in 1825 was appointed judge of the Virginia general court for the eastern district, the office having been left vacant by the death of Judge Holmes. In 1827 he was elected as a representative to the 20th congress, and was re-elected to the 21st, serving until 1830, when he resigned. ​At the National Democratic convention, which met at Baltimore in 1832, he received forty-six votes as candidate for the vice-presidency. He was appointed associate justice of the supreme court, March 15, 1836. by President Jackson, holding the office until his death, which occurred at Washington, D. C., Feb. 25, 1841.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Bard, Thomas Robert

​BARD, Thomas Robert, senator, was born at Chambersburg, Pa., Dec. 8, 1841; son of Robert M. Bard. He was graduated at Chambersburg academy in 1859; studied law and became transportation agent for the Cumberland Valley railroad at Hagerstown, Md. He removed to California in 1865, to take charge of the landed interests of Col. Thomas A. Scott, and became largely interested in the development of real estate and the oil industry in Ventura county. He was elected to the U. S. senate as a Republican, Feb. 8, 1900, for the term ending 1905.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Barker, Fordyce

​BARKER, Fordyce, physician, was born in Wilton, Maine, May 2, 1819; son of Dr. John and Phebe (Abbot) Barker. He was graduated at Bowdoin college in 1837, and at Harvard Medical school in 1841; completed his studies in Edinburgh and Paris, and settled in practice at Norwich, Conn., in 1845. He became professor of obstetrics at Bowdoin college in 1845: of midwifery in the New York medical college in 1850; obstetrical physician in Bellevue hospital in 1852, and professor of midwifery and the diseases of women in Bellevue Medical college in 1860. He performed the first successful operation in the ​United States for the removal of a fibroid uterine
tumor; was president of the New York state medical society, in 1856, and the New York academy of medicine, 1878-'84. He received the degree LL.D. from Columbia in 1877; Edinburgh in 1884; Bowdoin in 1887, and Glasgow in 1888. He is the author of "Puerperal Diseases", a series of lectures (1872) which were translated into French, Italian and Spanish, and a treatise on "Seasickness" (1870). He died in New York city, May 29, 1891.
# The Commission in Lunacy/Section 5

The next day, at about ten in the morning, Popinot, who had written out his report the previous evening, made his way to the Palais de Justice, intending to have prompt and righteous justice done. As he went to the robing-room to put on his gown and bands, the usher told him that the President of his Court begged him to attend in his private room, where he was waiting for him. Popinot forthwith obeyed.
"Good-morning, my dear Popinot," said the President, "I have been waiting for you."
"Why, Monsieur le President, is anything wrong?"
"A mere silly trifle," said the President. "The Keeper of the Seals, with whom I had the honor of dining yesterday, led me apart into a corner. He had heard that you had been to tea with Madame d'Espard, in whose case you were employed to make inquiries. He gave me to understand that it would be as well that you should not sit on this case——"
"But, Monsieur le President, I can prove that I left Madame d'Espard's house at the moment when tea was brought in. And my conscience——"
"Yes, yes; the whole Bench, the two Courts, all the profession know you. I need not repeat what I said about you to his Eminence; but, you know, 'Caesar's wife must not be suspected.' So we shall not make this foolish trifle a matter of discipline, but only of proprieties. Between ourselves, it is not on your account, but on that of the Bench."
"But, monsieur, if you only knew the kind of woman——" said the judge, trying to pull his report out of his pocket.
"I am perfectly certain that you have proceeded in this matter with the strictest independence of judgment. I myself, in the provinces, have often taken more than a cup of tea with the people I had to try; but the fact that the Keeper of the Seals should have mentioned it, and that you might be talked about, is enough to make the Court avoid any discussion of the matter. Any conflict with public opinion must always be dangerous for a constitutional body, even when the right is on its side against the public, because their weapons are not equal. Journalism may say or suppose anything, and our dignity forbids us even to reply. In fact, I have spoken of the matter to your President, and M. Camusot has been appointed in your place on your retirement, which you will signify. It is a family matter, so to speak. And I now beg you to signify your retirement from the case as a personal favor. To make up, you will get the Cross of the Legion of Honor, which has so long been due to you. I make that my business."
When he saw M. Camusot, a judge recently called to Paris from a provincial Court of the same class, as he went forward bowing to the Judge and the President, Popinot could not repress an ironical smile. This pale, fair young man, full of covert ambition, looked ready to hang and unhang, at the pleasure of any earthy king, the innocent and the guilty alike, and to follow the example of a Laubardemont rather than that of a Mole.
Popinot withdrew with a bow; he scorned to deny the lying accusation that had been brought against him.
PARIS, February 1836.
# The Common Reader

layout 2
The
COMMON READER
by
VIRGINIA WOOLF
“. . .I rejoice to concur with the common reader; for by the common sense of readers, uncorrupted by literary prejudices, after all the refinements of subtilty and the dogmatism of learning, must be generally decided all claim to poetical honours.”—Dr. Johnson, Life of Gray.
New York
HARCOURT, BRACE AND COMPANY
COPYRIGHT, 1925, BY HARCOURT, BRACE AND COMPANY, INC.
PRINTED IN THE U. S. A. BY THE QUINN & BODEN COMPANY RAHWAY, N. J.
TO LYTTON STRACHEY
​Some of these papers appeared originally in the Times Literary Supplement and the Dial. I have to thank the Editors for allowing me to reprint them here; some are based upon articles written for various newspapers, while others appear now for the first time.
Contents
THE COMMON READER
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1941, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 82 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Botanical Magazine/Volume 2/69

The 69th species documented in The Botanical Magazine (1790). Latin: Rosa muscosa.
<poem>
[69] Rosa muscosa. Moss Rose.
Class and Order.
Icosandria Polygynia.
Generic Character.
Petala 5. Cal. urceolatus, 5-fidus, carnosus, collo coarctatus. Sem. plurima, hispida, calycis interiori lateri affixa.
ROSA muscosa caule petiolisque aculeatis, pedunculis calycibusque pilosissimis. Miller's Dict.
N$^o$69
If there be any one genus of plants more universally admired than the others, it is that of the Rose—where is the Poet that has not celebrated it? where the Painter that has not made it an object of his imitative art?
In the opinion of Miller, the Moss Rose, or Moss Province, as it is frequently called, is a perfectly distinct species; Linnæus considers it as a variety only of the centifolia: as it is found in our Nurseries in a double state only, and as we are ignorant of what country it is the produce, the decision of this matter must be left to future observation and inquiry.
Though it may not increase so fast by suckers, nor be increased so readily by layers, as the centifolia, there is no difficulty in propagating it either way; the latter mode is usually adopted.
# The Botanical Magazine/Volume 2/72

The 72nd species documented in The Botanical Magazine (1790). Latin: Helleborus lividus.
<poem>
[72] Helleborus lividus. Livid or purple Hellebore.
Class and Order.
Pentandria Pentagynia.
Generic Character.
Cal. nullus. Petala-5. sive plura. Nectaria bilabiata, tubulata. Caps. polyspermæ, erectiusculæ.
HELLEBORUS lividus caule multifloro folioso, foliis ternatis. Ait. Hort. Kew. ined. 2. p. 272.
N$^o$72
It is not a little extraordinary that this plant which has for many years been cultivated in this country, should have escaped the notice of Linnæus; it is equally wonderful that we should at this moment be strangers to its place of growth.
Having three leaves growing together, it has been considered by many as the trifoliatus of Linnæus but his trifoliatus is a very different plant, a native of Canada, producing small yellow flowers.
It has been usual to treat this species as a green-house plant, or at least to shelter it under a frame in the winter; probably it is more hardy than we imagine.
It is propagated by parting its roots in autumn, and by seeds, though few of the latter in general ripen, nor do the roots make much increase—to these causes we must doubtless attribute its present comparative scarcity.
It flowers as early as February; on which account, as well as that of its singularity, it is a very desirable plant in collections.
# The Botanical Magazine/Volume 5/147

[ 147 ]
Dais Cotinifolia. Cotinus-leav'd Dais.
 *************** Class and Order.
Decandria Monogynia.
Generic Character.
Involucrum 4-phyllum. Cor. 4 s. 5-fida. Bacca 1-sperma.
Specific Character and Synonyms.
DAIS cotinifolia floribus quinquefidis decandris. Linn. Syst.  Vegetab. ed. 14.Murr. p. 403. Spec. Pl. p. 556.
DAIS laurifolia. Jacq. ic. collect. 1. p. 46.
The Dais cotinifolia is an ornamental Green-house Shrub, of
the deciduous kind, and though it appears from the Hortus
Kewensis to have been introduced by Mr. James Gordon, of
Mile-End, in 1776, is yet a great rarity with us, and only to
be found in some of the first collections.
Its scarcity, and consequent very high price, is attributed
to the Nursery-men's not having yet discovered the means of
propagating it freely.
Messrs. Grimwood and Co. of Kensington, have some
very fine plants of it, which flower every year in the months of
June and July, but as yet have produced no perfect seeds,
which they may be expected to do when grown older; such
having been known to ripen them in Holland.
It is a native of the Cape, and appears to have been long
possessed by the Dutch, as its Generic Character taken from
D. V. Royen, is printed in the Genera Plantarum of Linn- æus in 1764.
There are only two known species, and they vary in the
number of their Stamina, and divisions of the Corolla.
# The Botanical Magazine/Volume 2/71

The 71st species documented in The Botanical Magazine (1790). Latin: Statice sinuata.
<poem>
[71] Statice sinuata. Purple-cup't Statice, or Thrift.
Class and Order.
Pentandria Pentagynia.
Generic Character.
Cal. 1-phyllus, integer, plicatus, scariosus. Petala 5. Sem. 1. superum.
STATICE sinuata caule herbaceo, foliis radicalibus alternatim pinnato sinuatis: caulinis ternis triquetris subulatis decurrentibus. Lin. Syst. Vegetab. p. 301.
LIMONIUM peregrinum foliis asplenii. Bauh. Pin. 192.
LIMONIUM Rauwolfii Marsh Buglosse. Parkins. Parad. p. 250.
N$^o$71
That this singular species of Statice was long since an inhabitant of our gardens, appears from Parkinson, who in his Garden of Pleasant Flowers, gives an accurate description of it, accompanied with an expressive figure; since his time it appears to have been confined to few gardens: the nurserymen have lately considered it as a newly-introduced species, and sold it accordingly.
It is one of those few plants whose calyx is of a more beautiful colour than the corolla (and which it does not lose in drying); it therefore affords an excellent example of the calyx coloratus, as also of scariosus, it being sonorous to the touch.
Being a native of Sicily, Palestine, and Africa, it is of course liable to be killed with us in severe seasons, the common practice is therefore to treat it as a green-house plant, and indeed it appears to the greatest advantage in a pot; it is much disposed to throw up new flowering stems; hence, by having several pots of it, some plants will be in blossom throughout the summer; the dried flowers are a pretty ornament for the mantle-piece in winter.
Though a kind of biennial, it is often increased by parting its roots, but more advantageously by seed; the latter, however, are but sparingly produced with us, probably for the want, as Parkinson expresses it, "of sufficient heate of the Sunne."
# The Botanical Magazine/Volume 5/145

[ 145 ]
Monarda Fistulosa, var. Crimson Monarda. *************** Class and Order.
Diandria Monogynia.
Generic Character.
Corolla inaequalis : labio superiore lineari filamanta involvente.  Semina 4.
Specific Character and Synonyms.
MONARDA fistulosa capitulus terminalibus, caule obtusan-  gulo. Linn. Syst. Vegetab. p. 68. ed. 14 Murr.
 Hort. Kew. v. 1 p. 36. ORIGANUM Fistulosum Canadense. Corn. Canad. 13 t. 14.
The Monarda fistulosa, a hardy herbaceous plant, growing spontaneously in Canada, and other parts of North-America, has long been cultivated in the English gardens, to which it
recommends itself as much by the fragrance of its foliage, as the beauty of its flowers; of this species the plant here
figured is an uncommonly beautiful variety, its blossoms far surpassing those of the original in size, as well as brilliancy of colour, the floral leaves also are highly coloured; we have represented a single blossom of the common Monarda fistulosa, that the difference of the two may be rendered obvious.
This variety has been very lately introduced from Holland, by Messrs. Grimwood and Co. Kensington; it flowers from June to September, and is propagated by parting its roots in spring or autumn.
# The Botanical Magazine/Volume 5/146

[ 146 ]
Hypericum Calycinum. Large-flower'd St. John's-Wort.
 *************** Class and Order.
Polyadelphia Polyandria.
Generic Character.
Calyx 5-partitus. Petala 5. Filamenta multa, in 5 phalanges
 basi connata. Capsula.
Specific Character and Synonyms.
HYPERICUM calycinum floribus pentagynis solitariis termi-  nalibus, caule tetragono fruticoso, foliis ob-  longo-ovatis coriaceis. Linn. Syst. Vegetab.  p. 700. Mant. 106. Hort. Kew. v. 3. 103.
ASCYRUM magno flore. Bauh. Pin. 280. Prodr. 130.
ANDROSÆMUM Constantinopolitanum flore maximo.  Wheler's Journey into  Greece, p. 205. cum
 fig.
This species of St. John's-Wort, particularly distinguished
by the largeness of its flowers, has very generally been con- sidered as the Ascyron of LINNÆUS, owing to his giving to
that plant the synonyms which properly belong to the present
one: in his Mantissa, this species is called calycinum, which
name is adopted in the 14th edition of the Systema Vegetabilium,
and also in the Hortus Kewensis, where the proper synonyms
are applied to it, and from which we learn, that it is a native
of the country near Constantinople, and was introduced into
this country by Sir George Wheler, Bart. in 1676.
It is a hardy perennial, increasing much by its roots, which
are of the creeping kind, and by parting of which in the
autumn it is most readily propagated; like the periwinkle, it
is a plant well adapted to cover a bank, or bare, spots under
trees, where other plants will not thrive.
It flowers from July to September.