OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Walker, Andrew Barclay

​WALKER, Sir ANDREW BARCLAY (1824–1893), benefactor of Liverpool, second son of Peter Walker (d. 1879) and his wife Mary, eldest daughter of Arthur Carlaw of Ayr, was born at Ayr on 15 Dec. 1824. He was educated at Ayr Academy and at the Liverpool Institute. His father was a brewer at Liverpool and afterwards at Warrington, and in due time was joined in the business by his son, who acquired great wealth. Andrew entered the Liverpool town council in 1867, served the office of mayor in 1873–4, in 1875–6, and in 1876–7, and was high sheriff of Lancashire in 1886. He built the Walker art gallery at a cost of upwards of 40,000l., and presented it to the town. It was opened in 1877. He also provided, at the cost of 20,000l., the engineering laboratories in connection with the Liverpool University College, and spent other large sums in charity and in fostering art and literature. To the village of Gateacre, near Liverpool, he gave a village green and an institute, library, and reading-room. In recognition of his public services he was knighted on 12 Dec. 1877, and created baronet on 12 Feb. 1886. Liverpool made him her first honorary freeman in January 1890, and in December the same year he was presented with his portrait by Mr. W. Q. Orchardson, R.A.
He died at his residence, Gateacre Grange, on 27 Feb. 1893. He was twice married: first, in 1853, to Eliza, daughter of John Reid; and, secondly, to Maude, daughter of Charles Houghton Okeover of Okeover, Staffordshire. She survived him. By his first wife he had six sons and two daughters, and was succeeded in the baronetcy by his eldest son, Peter Carlaw.
C. W. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Walker, Anthony

​WALKER, ANTHONY (1726–1765), draughtsman and engraver, was born at Thirsk in Yorkshire in 1726, the son of a tailor. Coming to London, he studied drawing at the St. Martin's Lane academy, and was instructed in engraving by John Tinney [q. v.] He was a clever artist, and became well known by his small book-illustrations, which were neatly executed from his own designs. He also engraved for Boydell some large single plates, of which the best are ‘The Angel departing from Tobit and his Family,’ after Rembrandt; ‘The Country Attorney and his Clients,’ from a picture attributed to Holbein; ‘Dentatus refusing the Presents of the Samnites,’ after P. da Cortona; and ‘Law’ and ‘Medicine,’ a pair, after A. van Ostade. These were exhibited with the Incorporated Society of Artists in 1763–5. Walker engraved the figures in Woollett's celebrated plate of ‘Niobe.’ He died at Kensington on 9 May 1765, and was buried in the parish churchyard.
William Walker (1729–1793), brother of Anthony, was born at Thirsk in November 1729, and apprenticed to a dyer. Subsequently he followed his brother to London, and was taught engraving by him. He excelled in his book-illustrations, which are very numerous, and was employed upon Sandby's ‘Views in England and Wales,’ Throsby's ‘Views in Leicestershire,’ and Harrison's ‘Classics.’ For Boydell he executed a few large plates which were less successful. These include ‘Sir Balthasar Gerbier and his Family,’ after Van Dyck, 1766; ‘Diana and Calisto,’ after Le Moine, 1767; ‘The Power of Beauty,’ after P. Lauri, 1767; and ‘Lions at Play,’ after Rubens, 1769. Walker devised the practice of re-biting, of which Woollett made great use. He died in Rosoman Street, Clerkenwell. on 18 Feb. 1793.
John Walker (fl. 1800), son of William, became a landscape-engraver, and assisted his father on many of his plates. He is known as the projector and editor of the ‘Copper Plate Magazine, or Monthly Cabinet of Picturesque Prints, consisting of Views in Great Britain and Ireland,’ 1792–1802, most of the plates in which were executed by himself. A selection from the earlier volumes of this work was issued in a different form by Walker in 1799, with the title ‘The Itinerant.’
F. M. O'D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Tanfield, Lawrence

​TANFIELD, Sir LAWRENCE (d. 1625), judge, born at Burford in Oxfordshire, was the son of Robert Tanfield of Burford by his wife, Wilgeford Fitzherbert. Robert was the second son of William Tanfield of Gayton in Northamptonshire (Baker, Northamptonshire, 1841, ii. 275–6).
Lawrence was admitted to the Inner Temple in 1569, and is mentioned as an advocate before 1579. On 26 Oct. 1584 he was returned to parliament for New Woodstock in Oxfordshire, and he continued to sit for that borough during the remainder of Elizabeth's reign. In Lent 1595 he became reader at the Inner Temple, and in Easter 1603 he was created a serjeant-at-law. On his journey from Scotland James visited him at Burford on 9 Sept. 1603, and stayed three nights at his house. On 7 March 1603–4 he was returned for the county of Oxford in the first parliament of James I; he was knighted at the Tower on the 14th of the same month, and on 13 Jan. 1606 he was appointed a puisne justice of the king's bench. On 25 June 1607 he was advanced to the office of the chief baron of the exchequer, which he retained until his death on 30 April 1625. A monument was erected to his memory in Burford church, where he was buried. He gave his name to Tanfield Court in the Temple, formerly called Bradshaw's Rents. Sir Lawrence was a shareholder in the Newfoundland Company, founded in 1614.
Although Sir Lawrence bore a good reputation among his contemporaries, yet he appears to have been a hard unjust man. Insinuations of corruption are not wanting against him; his near kinsman, Sir Antony Maine, accused him of fraud; and the inhabitants of Great Tew in Oxfordshire, where he had an estate, complained bitterly of his oppression. He was surpassed, however, by his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Giles Symondes of Claye, Norfolk. It was openly alleged that she took bribes to influence her husband's decisions; and the unfortunate inhabitants of Great Tew complained that ‘she saith that we are more worthy to be ground to powder than to have any favour shewed to us, and that she will play the very devil among us’ (Hist. MSS. Comm. 3rd Rep. pp. 31–3).
Sir Lawrence had one daughter, Elizabeth, his sole heiress, who married Sir Henry Cary, viscount Falkland [q. v.], and was mother of Lucius Cary, second viscount [q. v.] In 1597 Michael Drayton dedicated to her two of his ‘Heroical Epistles,’ those between the Duke of Suffolk and Queen Margaret.
[Harleian Soc. Publ. xiii. 294–5; Foss's Judges of England, vi. 365–6; Brown's Genesis of the United States, i. 390, ii. 840, 1030; Nichols's Progresses of James I, i. 157, 250, 257, 321; Cal. State Papers, 1603–25, passim; Official Return of Members of Parliament.]
E. I. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Talfourd, Francis

​TALFOURD, FRANCIS (1828–1862), dramatist, born in 1828, was eldest son of Sir Thomas Noon Talfourd [q. v.], by his wife Rachel, eldest daughter of John Towill Rutt [q. v.] Francis was educated at Eton from 1841 to 1845, on 15 May in which year he matriculated from Christ Church, Oxford. He was called to the bar at the Middle Temple ​on 17 Nov. 1852, and occasionally went circuit, but was chiefly known as the writer of a series of burlesques and extravaganzas. His first piece, ‘Macbeth Travestie,’ was originally produced at Henley-on-Thames during the regatta on 17 June 1847, and was afterwards brought out at the Strand Theatre on 10 Jan. 1848, and at the Olympic on 25 April 1853. He wrote for many of the theatres, and his pieces, though light and ephemeral, were in their day very popular. Among his best known pieces were ‘Alcestis, the original Strong-minded Woman,’ a burlesque brought out on 4 July 1850; ‘The Rule of Three,’ a comedietta, 20 Dec. 1858; ‘Tell and the Strike of the Cantons,’ 26 Dec. 1859, an extravaganza, in which Marie Wilton played Albert, and Patty Oliver Lisetta; all these were at the Strand Theatre. At the Olympic he brought out ‘Ganem, the Slave of Love,’ on 31 May 1852, and ‘Shylock, or the Merchant of Venice preserved,’ on 4 July 1853. In this burlesque Thomas Frederick Robson [q. v.] gave his very remarkable tragi-comic representation of the Jew. For the Haymarket he wrote ‘Pluto and Proserpine’ on 5 April 1858, and ‘Electra, in a new Electric Light,’ on 25 April 1859, in which Miss M. Ternan was seen as Orestes. On 26 Dec. 1854 he brought out at the St. James's ‘Abou Hassan, or the Hunt after Happiness,’ in which John Laurence Toole made one of his earliest appearances. With Henry James Byron he collaborated in bringing out his last piece, ‘The Miller and his Men,’ at the Strand Theatre on 9 April 1860. He died at Mentone on 9 March 1862, in his thirty-fourth year. He married, on 5 Nov. 1861, Frances Louisa Morgan, second daughter of Josiah Towne, a solicitor of Margate.
[Gent. Mag. April 1862, p. 520; Athenæum, 15 March 1862, p. 365.]
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Talman, William

​TALMAN, WILLIAM (fl. 1670–1700), architect, was born at West Lavington in Wiltshire, where he owned some property. He attained considerable repute as an architect and surveyor, and was employed on several important buildings, notably Thoresby House, Nottinghamshire, commenced in 1671 for the Duke of Kingston; Dynham House, Gloucestershire, commenced in 1698 for William Blathwayt [q. v.]; Swallowfield in Berkshire, for Henry, earl of Clarendon; and Chatsworth, in Derbyshire, for the Duke of Devonshire. The last-named was commenced under Talman's directions on 12 April 1687, and was completed in 1706. Talman was appointed comptroller of the works to William III, and in that capacity was responsible for the carrying out of the extensive additions and alterations to Hampton Court Palace, begun in 1690 from the designs of Sir Christopher Wren [q. v.], with whose opinion Talman appears to have frequently disagreed. A portrait of Talman was engraved for Walpole's ‘Anecdotes of Painting’ (edit. 1798). A ‘Talman Collection’ was sold in 1766 in Covent Garden, and deposited in Eton College Library (Gwynn, London Improved, 1766, p. 63; Riou, The Grecian Orders, 1768, p. 57). A folio volume of Talman's drawings is preserved at the Royal Institute of British Architects.
John Talman (d. 1726), amateur artist, son of the above, was distinguished as a draughtsman and antiquary. He spent a great deal of his life in Italy, where he made a number of valuable and interesting drawings of antiquities. He travelled about with Giuseppe Grisoni [q. v.], who came to England with him in 1715. When the Society of Antiquaries was first constituted in its present form, Talman was elected director of the society at the first election of officers in January 1717–18, and in that capacity made some of the earliest communications to the society. Talman, who was possessed of an independent fortune, died in 1726, and was succeeded as director of the Antiquaries by Sir Charles Frederick. He appears to have possessed a residence at Hinkworth, near Baldock, Hertfordshire. His effects were sold by auction on 19 April 1727, when several prints and drawings were purchased ​by the Society of Antiquaries, to which he had already presented a considerable number. Others are in the print-room at the British Museum and other collections.
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Robert of Mortain

​ROBERT of Mortain, Count of Mortain (d. 1091?). [See Mortain.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Robert of Shrewsbury

​ROBERT of Shrewsbury (d. 1167), hagiologist, was prior of Shrewsbury in 1137, when he was sent in search of St. Wenefred's bones. He became fifth abbot before 1160, and died in 1167. He recovered for his abbey the tithe of Emstrey (Eyton, vi. 171), He wrote a ‘Life’ of St. Wenefred on the occasion of the removal of her remains from Wales to Shrewsbury, and dedicated it to Warin or Guarin, prior of Worcester, who died in 1140. This life is extant in Cotton. MS. A. v. 6. A translation appeared in 1635, ‘The Admirable Light of St. Wenefride … now translated into English … by J. F. of the Society of Jesus.’ This was reprinted in 1712, and republished in the following year by Bishop William Fleetwood [q. v.] in his ‘Life and Miracles of St. Wenefrid.’
C. L. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Robert of Swaffham

​ROBERT of Swaffham (d. 1273?), historian of the abbey of Peterborough, was pitanciar of that house about 1267, and afterwards cellarer. He died about 1273. He wrote a continuation of the history of Peterborough Abbey begun by Hugh (fl. 1107?–1155?) [q. v.], and added the lives of seven more abbots, concluding with that of Abbot Walter (1233–1246). The manuscript is contained in the register belonging to the dean and chapter of Peterborough, and has been printed in Sparke's ‘Historiæ Anglicanæ Scriptores.’ The register itself is known as the Swaffham Register, because Robert had a principal share in its arrangement.
M. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Robert of Woodstock

​ROBERT of Woodstock (d. 1428), canonist and civilian. [See Heete, Robert.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Robert of Leicester

​ROBERT of Leicester (fl. 1320), Franciscan. [See Leicester.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Robert of Cricklade

​ROBERT of Cricklade, also called Canutus (fl. 1170), historical writer, is said to have been educated at Oxford (Leland), where he joined the canons of St. Frideswide. He became prior on the death of Gymundus, probably in 1141 (Wigram, Cartulary of St. Frideswide, vol. i. p. xiii). In 1157 he visited Italy, and while there obtained from Adrian IV a charter (27 Feb. 1187–8) confirming previous papal grants to him as prior and to the canons (Wigram, Cartulary of St. Frideswide, i. 27 sqq.; Thomas Saga, ii. ​95). He was chancellor of the university of Oxford in 1159 (Dugdale, Monasticon, ii. 135). Later he sojourned at Canterbury, and heard many tales of the miracles wrought at the tomb of Becket. He investigated them, and was subsequently ‘many a time a loving pilgrim to the holy Archbishop Thomas’ (Thomas Saga, ii. 107). He met there on one occasion an eastern primate, the archbishop of Negromonte, with whom he conversed (ib. p. 109), and on another he was restored when at the point of death after prayer to St. Thomas (Materials for History of Thomas Becket, ii. 96–7). He wrote a life of the martyr in Latin, which is known only through frequent references to it in the Icelandic ‘Thomas Saga.’ Many important details of the life and character of Becket are ascribed to the authority of ‘Prior Robert of Cretel.’ Such are the accounts of Becket's relations with Archbishop Theobald and of the saintliness of his early life. The personal experiences of the prior, which are also described in the ‘Miracula’ by Benedict (d. 1193) [q. v.], abbot of Peterborough, are relied upon to show the saint's power after death. It seems probable that all valuable matter in the Saga which cannot be traced to other known authorities is derived from Prior Robert's work. He also wrote a translation of Pliny's ‘Natural History,’ in nine books, which he dedicated to Henry II. Several minor historical works, now lost, are ascribed to him by Leland, who described them as extant in his time (De Scriptoribus Britannicis, i. 235).
Philip had succeeded Robert as prior in 1188. Leland states that Robert lived till the reign of John.
W. H. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Robert of ‘Salesby’

1904 Errata appended.
​ROBERT of ‘Salesby’ (fl. 1150?), chancellor of Sicily, is described by John of Hexham as ‘oriundus in Anglia, scilicet in Salesbia.’ Mr. Raine renders this by Selby, but in Twysden's ‘Scriptores Decem’ and in the Rolls Series (ap. Sym. Dunelm. ii. 318) ‘Salesberia’ is read. If Robert was of Salisbury, and not of Selby, it is possible that he may have been connected with the great English chancellor and justiciar, Roger of Salisbury. Robert was one of many Englishmen who found employment under the Norman kings of Sicily in the twelfth century. Romuald of Salerno speaks of Robert, the chancellor of King Roger, directing the defence of Campania against the Pisans and the emperor in 1132–3 (Muratori, vii. 188 D); but Roger's chancellor at this time was Guarinus (Grævius, iii. 847, and Regiæ Capellæ Panormitanæ Notitia, p. 2), and Alexander Abbas, in his ‘De Gestis Rogerii,’ ascribes to Guarinus the part assigned by Romuald to Robert (Grævius, v. 115–16). Guarinus was still chancellor in 1137, but Robert was chancellor on 28 April 1140 (ib. iii. 1091; Reg. Cap. Panorm. p. 4). He attested charters of King Roger, at all events as late as 1148 (Grævius, iii. 726, 887, 956, 1361). In 1146 St. William of York, after his rejection by the pope, took refuge with Robert (John of Hexham, pp. 150–2, Surtees Soc.). John of Salisbury (Policraticus, vii. 19) relates how Robert, the English chancellor of King Roger, deceived certain would-be simoniacs. In ordinary course the chancellorship would have led to a bishopric, and possibly the chancellor is the Robert who was bishop of Messina, 1151–66. ​There is curious parallelism between the characters of Roger of Salisbury and of Robert of Salesby, as sketched by John of Salisbury. Robert was active, and without much learning, very shrewd in the administration of affairs; a man of eloquence, and one whose character commanded respect, while the splendid scale of his expenditure displayed the magnificence of his race (Policr. vii. 19). John of Hexham calls him the most powerful of the king's friends and a man of great wealth. Dr. Stubbs suggests the possibility of some connection between Robert of ‘Salesby’ and Robertus Pullus [see Pullen, Robert].
C. L. K.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.234 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ludlow, George James

​LUDLOW, GEORGE JAMES, third and last Earl Ludlow (1758–1842), general, born on 12 Dec. 1758, was second son of Peter, first earl Ludlow, comptroller of the household to George III, and his wife, the Lady Francis Lumley, eldest daughter of Thomas, third earl of Scarborough. On 17 May 1778 he was appointed ensign 1st footguards (now Grenadier guards), in which he became lieutenant and captain on 16 March 1781, captain and lieutenant-colonel on 24 Nov. 1790, and regimental major on 9 May 1800. He was appointed brevet-colonel in 1795, major-general in 1798, lieutenant-general in 1805, and general in 1814. He embarked for America with the drafts in the spring of 1781, and was with Lord Cornwallis at the surrender of York Town on 17 Oct. 1781. Washington sent him to New York with despatches relating to Captain (afterwards Sir) Charles Asgill [q. v.] He returned home in November 1782. In 1793 he was selected for the command of one of the four light companies then added to his regiment (Hamilton, ii. 275). He served in Flanders in 1793–4, and lost his left arm in the affair near Roubaix on 17 May 1794 (ib. ii. 304). In 1798 he was on the home district staff, and in 1800 proceeded to Ireland with the 2nd brigade of guards, consisting of the 1st battalions of Coldstream and 3rd (now Scots) guards, which he commanded in the Vigo expedition and in the Egyptian campaign of 1801, including the battles before Alexandria and the blockade of that city, but in August 1801 he was transferred to a line brigade. When in camp at Alexandria, before the breaking-up of the army, the brigade of guards presented him with a gold vase, now in the Guards' Club. He held major-general's commands in the eastern counties and in Kent during the invasion alarms of 1803–4, and commanded a division in the Hanover expedition of 1805, and in the Copenhagen expedition of 1807.
Ludlow was made K.B. on 26 Sept. 1804, and G.C.B. on the reconstitution of the order in 1815. He succeeded his brother, the second peer, as Earl Ludlow, Viscount Preston, and Baron Ludlow, all in the peerage of Ireland, ​in 1811. He was himself created Baron Ludlow in the peerage of the United Kingdom on 10 Sept. 1831. He was governor of Berwick-on-Tweed, a member of the consolidated board of general officers, a colonel in succession of the old 96th (late a second battalion 52nd), of the 38th foot (from 1808 to 1836), and of the Scotch fusilier guards (now Scots guards), to which he was appointed on 30 May 1836. He died at his seat, Cople Hall, near Bedford, on 16 April 1842, when the titles became extinct, and the Irish estates passed to the Duke of Bedford.
[Debrett's Peerage, 1841, ‘Ludlow;’ Army Lists; Hamilton's Hist. Gren. Guards, London, 1872, vols. ii. and iii.; Mackinnon's Coldstream Guards, London, 1832, vol. ii.; Philippart's Roy. Mil. Calendar, 1820, ii. 59; Sir R. Wilson's Narrative of the Campaign in Egypt, London, 1802; W. Gordon's Military Transactions, London, 1809, for accounts of Hanover and Baltic expeditions; Gent. Mag. 1842, pt. ii. 92.]
H. M. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Luders, Alexander

​LUDERS, ALEXANDER (d. 1819), legal writer, was second son of Theodore Luders of Lyncombe and Widcombe, Somerset. He was probably of German extraction, and when admitted a member of the Inner Temple on 10 July 1770 was described in the books of the inn as ‘Sacri Romani Imperii nobilis Eques.’ He was called to the bar on 6 Feb. 1778, and became a bencher of his inn on 10 May 1811. He died 25 Nov. 1819. He would seem to be the father of Alexander Luders, who matriculated at Brasenose College, Oxford, in 1806, aged 17, and died in 1851 (Foster, Alumni Oxonienses). He bequeathed some of his books to the Inner Temple Library, and among them a copy of his ‘Reports of the Proceedings,’ &c., with manuscript notes of his own (cf. Hallam, Const. Hist. iii. 60–1, ed. 1829).
Luders's historico-legal writings are several times cited with approval by Hallam in his ‘Middle Ages’ and ‘Constitutional History,’ and have not yet lost their value. He wrote or edited: 1. ‘Reports of the Proceedings in Committee of the House of Commons upon Controverted Elections heard … during the present Parliament,’ London, 1785–90, 8vo, 3 vols. 2. ‘An Essay on the Use of the French Language in our Ancient Laws and Acts of State,’ Bath, 1807, 8vo. 3. ‘Considerations on the Law of High Treason, in the article of Levying War,’ Bath, 1808, 8vo. 4. ‘Tracts on Various Subjects in the Law and History of England,’ Bath, 1810, 8vo. This volume contains: i. On Constructive Treason; ii. On ​the Judgment in High Treason; iii. On the Right of Succession to the Crown in the reign of Elizabeth; iv. On the Constitution of Parliament in the reign of Henry VIII; v. On the Non-Obstante; vi. (a reprint of No. 2.); vii. An Inquiry into the History of the Laws of Oleron. 5. ‘An Essay on the Character of Henry the Fifth when Prince of Wales,’ London, 1813, 8vo; a little volume, which still preserves its value. 6. ‘Of the King's title of Defender of the Faith,’ contributed to ‘Archæologia,’ xix. 1–10, in May 1817. 7. ‘A Treatise on the Constitution of Parliament in the reign of Edward the First,’ Bath, 1818, 8vo. He was also one of the editors of ‘The Statutes of the Realm’ in the edition of 1811.
[Information kindly supplied by H. W. Lawrence, esq., sub-treasurer of the Inner Temple; Watt's Bibliotheca, ii. 622 e; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
C. L. K.