OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Illicium

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​ILLICIUM (il-lis′ē-um), a genus of Magnoliads, tribe Wintereæ. The fruit and other parts of Illicium anisatum is used by the Chinese as a stomachic and carminative, and as a spice. The fruit yields by distillation an oil like that of anise, used chiefly in the manufacture of liquors. I. floridanum is also spicy. The fragrant seeds of I. religiosum are burnt by the Chinese in their temples.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Illimani

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​ILLIMANI (il-yē-mä′nē), one of the loftiest peaks in the Bolivian Andes, fully 21,000 feet high, and covered with glaciers.
# Chinese Life in the Tibetan Foothills

CHINESE LIFE IN THE TIBETAN FOOTHILLS
by the REV. JAMES HUTSON
1921 FAR EASTERN GEOGRAPHICAL ESTABLISHMENT SHANGHAI
Preface Index Book I: Domestic Chapter I: Births.
Chapter II: Passing Through Crises.
Chapter III: Marriages.
Chapter IV: Deaths.
Chapter V: The Domestic Altar.
Book II: Social Chapter I: Theatricals.
Chapter II: Pastimes, Riddles, etc. Riddles and Ditties Cries Chapter III: Footbinding. The Queue. Chapter IV: Preparations for the Future Life. Exhortation Purchase of Property Mortgages Beggars Robbers Book III: Political Chapter I: Secret Societies The Confucian Society The Mystical or Hypnotic Sect The Reactionary School, or Han Liu The Ssŭch‘uan Ku-lu-tzŭ The Ko-lao-hui and the Han Liu The Railway League Chapter I: Punishments I. Punishments not involving death
II. Illegal punishments III. Death penalty IV. Torture Punishment of prisoners upon prisoners Duties of a District Magistrate
Followers of the Yamen Yamen Runners Judicial Cases Presenting petitions or indictments Signs of Authority, Followers, etc. Book IV: The Supernatural Chapter I: Spirit Rapping
Ghosts The "Planchette" Necromancy Conjuring Divination or Sorcery, Wu Shu Book V: Idolatry Chapter I: Gods of Wealth
Charms
Door Gods
The Goddess of Mercy
Precinct or Local God
Idolatrous Festivals
Fire and Pestilence Fast Fasts for rain and fine weather Book VI: Times and Seasons The Seasons of the Year
New Year
Midsummer Feast Seventh Moon Feast Midautumn Festival The Ninth Moon Feast Tenth Moon Feast Book VII: Plausible Pretensions The Liars' Mart Itinerant Vendor Itinerant Buddhist and Taoist Priests The Nine Startlers Physiognomists Geomancy Book VIII: Superstitious Dread
Things to be Avoided Superstitions connected with the first day of the year Continual fears of all classes Hydrophobia Eclipses and Comets Snakes and Dragons
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Chinese Fairy Tales (H. Giles, 1920)/Preface

​This little volume of Chinese fairy tales has been written by Dr. Herbert A. Giles, Professor of Chinese in the University of Cambridge, formerly British Consul at Ningpo, China, and for twenty-six years resident in that country. It is intended as a companion to the Japanese fairy tales published in the same series.
It is very interesting to compare the tales in the two volumes. They are equally quaint and delightful, but the national spirit of the Chinese is very different from that of the Japanese, both being reflected in the stories in a thoroughly characteristic manner.
A. L. G.
# China Oman Communique Establishing Diplomatic Relations

* related portals: Historical documents.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations Between the People's Republic of China and the Sultanate of Oman
The Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Sultanate of Oman have decided to establish diplomatic relations at ambassadorial level as from 25th May, 1978 and to exchange ambassadors.
The Government of the People's Republic of China firmly supports the Government of the Sultanate of Oman in its just cause of safeguarding national independence and developing the national economy.
The Government of the Sultanate of Oman recognizes the Government of the People's Republic of China as the sole legal government representing the entire Chinese people.
The two Governments have agreed to develop friendly relations and cooperation between the two countries on the basis of the principles of mutual respect for state sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence.
Done in London on 25th May, 1978
# China Papua New Guinea Communique Establishing Diplomatic Relations

* related portals: China, Papua New Guinea.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
The Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of Papua New Guinea, in conformity with the interests and common desire of the two peoples, have decided to establish diplomatic relations at ambassadorial level as from 12 October, 1976. The two Governments have agreed to exchange ambassadors as soon as it is mutually practicable and to provide each other with all necessary assistance for the performance of their diplomatic functions in their respective capitals in accordance with international practice.
The two Governments have agreed to develop diplomatic relations, friendship and co-operation between their two countries on the basis of the principles of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful co-existence.
(signed) (signed) Hua Kou-feng Michael Thomas Somare Premier of the State Council Prime Minister of Of the People's Republic of China Papua New Guinea
Peking, October 12,1976
# China Saudi Arabia Communique Establishing Diplomatic Relations

* related portals: China, Saudi Arabia.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
The Governments of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the People's Republic of China have decided to establish diplomatic relations between the two countries at the ambassadorial level as of 29 Thul Hijjah 1410 A.H., corresponding to 21 July 1990 A.D.
The Government of the People's Republic of China supports the policy of the Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in pursuit of achieving its security, stability and national interests.
The Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia recognizes that the Government of the People' Republic of China is the sole legitimate government that represents the entire Chinese people.
The two Governments have agreed to develop cooperation and friendly relations between the two countries on the basis of the principles of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each others internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence.
QIAN QICHEN Minister of Foreign Affairs of Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Peoples Republic of China
SAUD AL FAISAL The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
21 July 1990
# China Montenegro Communique Establishing Diplomatic Relations

* related portals: Historical documents.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
I. The People's Republic of China and the Republic of Montenegro, in keeping with the interests and desire of the two peoples, have decided to establish diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial level as from 6 July 2006.
II. The People's Republic of China and the Republic of Montenegro agree to develop friendship and cooperation on the basis of the principles of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality, mutual benefit and peaceful coexistence.
III. The People's Republic of China respects the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic of Montenegro. The Republic of Montenegro recognizes that there is but one China in the world, that the Government of the People's Republic of China is the sole legal government representing the whole of China, and that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China's territory. It opposes "Taiwan independence" of any form and opposes Taiwan's accession to any international or regional organizations whose membership applies only to sovereign states. The Republic of Montenegro undertakes not to establish official relations of any form or have any official exchanges with Taiwan.
IV. The People's Republic of China and the Republic of Montenegro agree to provide each other with all the necessary assistance for the establishment and performance of the functions of their respective embassies on the basis of equality and mutual benefit and in accordance with international practice.
Representative of the People's Republic of China Li Zhaoxing
Representative of the Republic of Montenegro Miodrag Vlahovic
July 6, 2006
Beijing
This work is in the public domain in the U.S. because it is an edict of a government, local or foreign. See § 313.6(C)(2) of the Compendium II: Copyright Office Practices. Such documents include "legislative enactments, judicial decisions, administrative rulings, public ordinances, or similar types of official legal materials" as well as "any translation prepared by a government employee acting within the course of his or her official duties."
These do not include works of the Organization of American States, United Nations, or any of the UN specialized agencies. See Compendium III § 313.6(C)(2) and 17 U.S.C. 104(b)(5).
A non-American governmental edict may still be copyrighted outside the U.S. Similar to {{PD-in-USGov}}, the above U.S. Copyright Office Practice does not prevent U.S. states or localities from holding copyright abroad, depending on foreign copyright laws and regulations.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# China Namibia Communique Establishing Diplomatic Relations

* related portals: Historical documents.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
The Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Namibia, in conformity with the interests and desire of the two peoples, have decided to establish diplomatic relations at ambassadorial level between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Namibia effective from March 22,1990.
The Government of the People's Republic of China resolutely supports the Government of the Republic of Namibia in its just cares for the maintenance of the national independence, state sovereignty and territorial integrity.
The Government of the Republic of Namibia recognizes that the Government of the People's Republic of China is the sole legal government representing all the Chinese people, and that Taiwan is an inalienable part of the territory of the People's Republic of China.
In this spirit, the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Namibia wish to promote the development of the friendly relations between China and Namibia on the basis of the Five Principles of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit and peaceful coexistence.
The Governments of China and Namibia have agreed to mutually provide each other with all the necessary assistance for the e establishment, and performance of the functions of diplomatic missions in their respective capitals in accordance with international practice.
For the Government of the People's Republic of China Wu Xueqian Vice Premier of the State council of the People's Republic of China
For the Government of the Republic of Namibia Theo-Ben Gurirab Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Namibia
Windhoek, March 22,1990
This work is in the public domain in the U.S. because it is an edict of a government, local or foreign. See § 313.6(C)(2) of the Compendium II: Copyright Office Practices. Such documents include "legislative enactments, judicial decisions, administrative rulings, public ordinances, or similar types of official legal materials" as well as "any translation prepared by a government employee acting within the course of his or her official duties."
These do not include works of the Organization of American States, United Nations, or any of the UN specialized agencies. See Compendium III § 313.6(C)(2) and 17 U.S.C. 104(b)(5).
A non-American governmental edict may still be copyrighted outside the U.S. Similar to {{PD-in-USGov}}, the above U.S. Copyright Office Practice does not prevent U.S. states or localities from holding copyright abroad, depending on foreign copyright laws and regulations.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# China Niue Communique Establishing Diplomatic Relations

* related portals: China, Nuie.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
The Government of Niue and the Government of the People's Republic of China, in conformity with the interests and desires of the two peoples, have decided to establish diplomatic relations at ambassadorial level, effective from 12 December 2007.
The two Governments have agreed to develop friendly cooperation between the two countries on the basis of the principles of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence.
The Government of Niue recognizes that there is only one China in the world, the Government of the People's Republic of China is the sole legal government representing the whole of China and Taiwan is an inalienable part of the territory of China. The Niue Government undertakes not to have any official relations with Taiwan.
The Government of the People's Republic of China supports the Government of Niue in its aspirations to protect, retain and develop the culture of Niue and to participate to the greatest possible extent in international and regional activities.
The two Governments have agreed mutually to provide each other with all necessary assistance for the performance of the functions of their diplomatic representatives on the basis of equality, mutual benefit and reciprocity in accordance with international practice.
This Joint Communique shall enter into force as of the date of signature
# China Qatar Communique Establishing Diplomatic Relations

* related portals: Historical documents.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
Out of a common desire to strengthen and develop the friendly relations and cooperation between the two countries, the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the State of Qatar have decided to establish diplomatic relations between the two countries at the ambassadorial level as from Saturday, 9 July 1988.
ZHOU Jue People's Republic of China Government
Abdul Rahman Bin Hamad AL-ATTIYAH State of Qatar to the
Paris, 5 July 1988
This work is in the public domain in the U.S. because it is an edict of a government, local or foreign. See § 313.6(C)(2) of the Compendium II: Copyright Office Practices. Such documents include "legislative enactments, judicial decisions, administrative rulings, public ordinances, or similar types of official legal materials" as well as "any translation prepared by a government employee acting within the course of his or her official duties."
These do not include works of the Organization of American States, United Nations, or any of the UN specialized agencies. See Compendium III § 313.6(C)(2) and 17 U.S.C. 104(b)(5).
A non-American governmental edict may still be copyrighted outside the U.S. Similar to {{PD-in-USGov}}, the above U.S. Copyright Office Practice does not prevent U.S. states or localities from holding copyright abroad, depending on foreign copyright laws and regulations.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# China Samoa Communique Establishing Diplomatic Relations

* related portals: China, Samoan Islands.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
The nation of Samoa was then called Western Samoa
Joint Communique on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations Between the People's Republic of China and Western Samoa
The Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of Western Samoa, in Conformity with the interests of, and the goodwill existing between the Chinese and Samoan peoples, have decided upon mutual recognition and the establishment of diplomatic relations with effect from 6 November 1975.
The two Governments agree to develop diplomatic relations, friendship and cooperation between the two countries on the basis of the principles of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful co-existence.
The Chinese Government reaffirms that Taiwan is an inalienable part of the territory of the People's Republic of China and that Taiwan is a province of the People's Republic of China. The Government of western Samoa acknowledges this position of the Chinese Government.
The Government of Western Samoa recognises the Government of the People's Republic of China as the sole legal government of China.
The two Governments have agreed to mutually provide, after the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries, all necessary assistance for the performance of the functions of diplomatic representatives in accordance with international practice.
(Signed) Pei Tsien-chang (Signed) Tupua Tamasese Representative of the Government Leaofi IV of the People's Republic of China Prime Minister and Minister of External Affairs of Western Samoa
April, 6 November 1975
# Chinese Life in the Tibetan Foothills/Book 2/Exhortation

Exhortation 說書 shuo shu.
To explain the Sacred Edict, 講聖諭 chiang shêng yü. The Sacred Edict originally had six chapters composed by the emperor Shun-chih 順治, but it was enlarged and edited by his successor K‘ang-hsi, and now contains sixteen chapters. Before the exhorter begins his works a tablet has to be erected on which are engraved the two characters Shêng yü. Candles are lighted on either side and in front, paper and incense are also burned before the tablet; the exhorter then bows three times, and knocks his head nine times to the ground before he begins to talk. The custom is to pay 100 cash for each chapter explained, and three chapters are generally gone over each evening. This money is generally paid by rich people in order to accumulate merit; not uncommonly a rich farmer or wealthy merchant invites an exhorter to his house for this purpose. At its beginning this practice may have been better than it now is; unfortunately the wicked lives of many of these men does much to nullify their words; and their exhortation is no longer confined to the doctrines contained in the Sacred Edict, but is largely made up of old wives' fables, and local and provincial scandals.
Many preachers of the Sacred Edict also use the method of exhortation by proverbs, chiang kê yen 講格言. There is a slight resemblance to, and connection with, the Sacred Edict, but most of the incidents are taken from the law courts, or scandals in business and private circles.
Men walk through the streets and sing ballads of a national or amorous character, ch‘ang shan shu 唱善書. The idea is generally to procure travelling expenses for themselves or others to some distant place.
​Discussions are held 講評書 chiang p‘ing shu, generally in a tea shop or open courtyard, when some ancient character's merits and demerits are discussed, with a good deal of sarcasm and dramatic contortion; the speech is often lewd and the characters of many of the speakers are of the lowest; in fact many are libertines, with some wit and humour to cloak their wickedness.
A news vendor who carries a stool and books round with him is called 上馬冊冊 shang ma ts‘ê ts‘ê; he stands on the stool and sells his literature, which has a bearing on current events; his sign is a pair of chopsticks.
A news vendor of the yellow press is called 下馬 hsia ma ts‘ê ts‘ê. He travels round and carries a flag of yellow or sometimes white paper on which are written the latest sensations. He visits the towns and markets, and to this kind of individual many false rumours are to be traced. He stands on the ground as compared with the former who stands on a stool.
On the birthday of the goddess of Mercy Kuan-yin or other festival there are often mixed gatherings in the temples to hear the Buddhist doctrines preached. The crowds are often of the lowest type.
# Chinese Life in the Tibetan Foothills/Book 2/Cries

Cries 口號 k‘ou hao.
The cry used to call a pig when at large is liu, liu, liu, 𠺕. A pig is also called a liu, and a man is cursed by being so called.
The call for chickens is chu, chu, chu, 祝. Formerly 喌雞翁 Chu chi wêng was a famous chicken fancier and breeder, and the chickens are called after him.
Liao, liao, liao, 嘹, is the call used to call the ducks from the pond. It is said to be an abbreviation of lai-a, 來啊.
Wa-êrh, wa-êrh, 娃兒, is the cry used to call in the goose. Some say it is wo-êrh, 鵝兒. Others think the call is an imitation of the bird's own cry.
The call to the dog when there is any scavenging to be done is oh ngo, oh ngo, 啊哦. In driving the dog away the common "hist, hist" is used.
The cry used to call the sheep is mieh, mieh, mieh, 咩. This is spoken in a low tone and is believed to be like the bleat of a sheep. Sometimes it is "meh, meh," like the bleat of a lamb. The call used to frighten the sheep, t‘u êrh, 吐爾, is also used to frighten birds from the grain, and is likened to the whizzing of a stone through the air at a great speed. When the cry is uttered a stone or a whip very often accompanies the sound. This t‘u êrh is very freely called after foreigners, and is not a good omen. The connection is in the sound of the two characters, yang 羊 sheep, and yang 洋 of the sea, foreigner.
Sun êrh 猻兒 is the call used for a monkey. It means a small monkey.
Mi, mi, 咪, is the call used to bring the cat to eat its food.
​Wa, wa, 㗏, is the call used to make mules and oxen stand still. The aboriginal tribes have names for each mule in the caravan.
Ch‘a, ch‘a, 吒, is the sound used when driving an ox or mule. Horses do not seem to be so addressed.
When ploughing the following are the cries used to the ox; chuan ying 轉英 turn round; shang 上 ying go on the sward, and hsia 下 ying go in the furrow; ts‘ai kou 跴溝 go along the furrow.
Noises made by hawkers, etc., are as follows; the oilseller beats a small gong, ch‘iao tang tang 敲鐺; the bean-curd seller strikes a hollow bamboo pang pang 梆; the condiment seller strikes a brass mirror yün pan 雲板; the tinker or scissor-grinder shakes clappers of iron yao ching kuei 搖驚閨 'to arouse the women-folk'; the castrater strikes a gong ma lo 馬鑼 of the same size as the tang tang, but with a stronger sound; the itinerant fortune-teller beats two pieces of bamboo together, san ts‘ai pan 三才板; the pedlar rings a bell, p‘eng tang ku 弸鐺鼓, and the vendor of sticking-plaster sounds a fish drum, ta yü ku 打漁鼓.