OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Thrupp, Joseph Francis

1904 Errata appended.
​THRUPP, JOSEPH FRANCIS (1827–1867), divine, only son of Joseph William Thrupp, solicitor, of 55 Upper Brook Street, and Merrow House, Guildford, was born on 20 May 1827. Frederick Thrupp [q. v.] was his uncle. He was educated at Winchester College under Bishop Moberly from 1840 to 1845, becoming head prefect, and at Trinity College, Cambridge. He graduated B.A. in 1849 as seventh wrangler and eleventh classic, and proceeded M.A. in 1852. He was elected to a fellowship at Trinity, and afterwards travelled in Palestine. He was ordained in 1852, and in the same year accepted the small college living of Barrington, Royston. Thrupp was for some time member of the board of theological studies at Cambridge, and in 1865 was select preacher. He contributed to the ‘Speaker's Commentary’ and to Smith's ‘Dictionary of the Bible.’ He died at Surbiton on 23 Sept. 1867, and is buried at Merrow. In 1853 he married Elizabeth Bligh, fourth daughter of the Rev. John Daniel Glennie of St. Mary's, Park Street. He is commemorated by a window in Trinity College chapel and another in Barrington church, both presented by his widow. He published: 1. ‘Ancient Jerusalem’ (1855). 2. An excellent ‘Introduction to the Psalms,’ 2 vols. 1860. 3. ‘A Translation of the Song of Songs,’ 1862.
E. C. M.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.265 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Thurcytel

​THURCYTEL (d. 975), abbot of Crowland, was a clerk of royal race and of great wealth, the kinsman probably of Archbishop Oskytel [q. v.] of York. Having decided to renounce the world, he persuaded King Edred or Eadred to give him the abbey of Crowland, then a poor and struggling house surrounded by swamps and marshes. At Crowland Thurcytel became a monk in the first place probably about 946, but was shortly elected abbot. He restored the house, endowed it of his great wealth with six manors, and may be regarded as its second founder. The charter he obtained from King Edgar or Eadgar [q. v.] in 966 is still extant (Dugdale, Monast. Angl. ii. 115 sq.). He was the friend of St. Dunstan [q. v.], of Ethelwold (d. 984) [q. v.], bishop of Winchester, and of Oswald (d. 972) [q. v.], archbishop of York. From this fact, together with the accounts of his life, both legendary and authentic, it may be inferred that he took part in the struggle of the day between the secular clerks and the regular monks, and assisted in the revival of monasticism in this country in the tenth century. He died probably in July 975, and his work at Crowland was taken up successively by two of his kinsmen.
Thurcytel is perhaps chiefly known from the narrative of the false Ingulf, which gives a detailed but fabulous account of his life and work both before and after he went to Crowland. The trustworthy story from which this fable grew up is contained in the narrative of Orderic Vitalis, who makes no mention of the legends contained in Ingulf.
A. M. C.-e.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/White, William (1604-1678)

​WHITE, WILLIAM (1604–1678), divine, was born of humble parentage at Witney, Oxfordshire, in June 1604. He matriculated from Wadham College, Oxford, on 13 July 1621, graduated B.A. on 25 Feb. 1625 and M.A. on 27 June 1628. In 1632 he became master of Magdalen College school, from which post he was ejected by the parliamentary commissioners in 1648. Several of his pupils there became eminent. Through the influence of Brian Duppa [q. v.], bishop of Salisbury, he obtained about the same time the rectory of Pusey, Berkshire, which Wood says he kept ‘through the favour of his friends and the smallness of its profits.’
After the Restoration, about 1662, the rectory of Appleton was conferred upon him by the efforts of Thomas Pierce [q. v.], president of Magdalen College and a former pupil of White. He kept both livings until his death, at Pusey, on 31 May 1678. He was buried on 5 June in the chancel, where a flat stone records his death. By his will, dated 25 Oct. 1677, he left to his only daughter, Elizabeth, houses and lands at Bampton and West Weale, subject to a charge of 5l. to be paid to the vicar of St. Mary's, Oxford, and his successors, for a catechism at evening prayer. The house which he had erected at Pusey he bequeathed to a son. White wrote several works in Latin under the name of ‘Gulielmus Phalerius.’ One, ‘Via ad Pacem Ecclesiasticam,’ London, 1660, 4to, is in the British Museum. Three others are mentioned by Wood.
C. F. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/White, Thomas (1830-1888)

​WHITE, THOMAS (1830–1888), Canadian politician, born in Montreal on 7 Aug. 1830, was son of Thomas White, who emigrated from co. Westmeath in 1826, and carried on business as a leather merchant in Montreal. On his maternal side he belonged to an Edinburgh family. He was educated at the High School, Montreal, and began life in a merchant's office, but soon turned his attention to journalism. A paper read by him at a discussion class introduced him to the editor of the ‘Quebec Gazette.’ In 1853 he founded the ‘Peterborough Review,’ and conducted it until 1860, when he temporarily left journalism to study law as a preparation for public life. At the end of four years he returned to journalism, and, in partnership with his brother, founded the ‘Hamilton Spectator.’ His last journalist connection was made on his return from England in 1870, when he assumed control of the ‘Montreal Gazette.’ This lasted for fifteen years.
His first public work was as a member of the school boards of Peterborough and Hamilton, Ontario; and he was for some time reeve of Peterborough. In 1867 he made an unsuccessful attempt to enter the Ontario provincial parliament, and in 1874, 1875, and 1876 he made three fruitless efforts to be returned to the Dominion House of Commons. In 1878 the constituency of Cardwell elected him, and he represented it for the rest of his life.
His special interests were commercial, but the work with which his name will be permanently connected in Canadian politics is the opening up of northern and western Ontario and the prairie beyond to emigrants. He was sent to Britain in 1869 as the first emigration agent, and from his mission dates the diversion to Ontario of the stream of emigration which till then flowed from Canada westwards over the borders of the United States. In furtherance of his emigration schemes he was one of the pioneers of Canadian railways, and as minister of the interior, an appointment he received in 1885, he was responsible for the political reorganisation of the centre of the country after the second Riel rebellion. He died at Ottawa on 21 April 1888. Both Canadian houses adjourned out of respect for his memory.
[Canadian Parliamentary Companion, 1887; Montreal Gazette, 23 April 1888.]
J. R. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Gadsby, Henry Robert

​GADSBY, HENRY ROBERT (1842–1907), musician, born at Hackney on 15 Dec. 1842, was son of William Gadsby. From 1849 to 1858 he was a chorister boy at St. Paul's at the same time as Sir John Stainer (Mus. Times, May 1901). He learnt rudimentary harmony under Mr. W. Bayley, the choirmaster, but was otherwise self-taught. In 1863 he became a teacher of the piano, the writer being one of his first pupils. Having also taught himself the organ, he became organist of St. Peter's, Brockley, holding this appointment till 1884. He succeeded John Hullah [q. v.] as professor of harmony at Queen's College, London, and Sir William Cusins [q. v. Suppl. I] as professor of pianoforte there. In 1880 he was appointed one of the original professors (of harmony) at the Guildhall School of Music, where he taught till his death. A member of the Philharmonic and other musical societies and fellow of the College of Organists, he was a well-known figure in the musical world. His published works include the following choral and orchestral cantatas: ‘Psalm 130’ (1862); ‘Alice Brand’ (1870); ‘The Lord of the Isles’ (Brighton Festival, 1879); ‘Columbus’ (male voices, 1881); ‘The Cyclops’ (male voices, 1883); music to ‘Alcestis’ (1876) and to Tasso's ‘Aminta’ (for Queen's College, 1898). Other instrumental works were a concert overture, ‘Andromeda’ (1873), an organ concerto in F, and a string quartet. Unpublished works include three other orchestral preludes, which have been performed: ‘The Golden Legend,’ ‘The Witches' Frolic,’ and ‘The Forest of Arden.’ Numerous part-songs, services, and anthems were printed, as well as ‘A Treatise on Harmony’ (1883) and ‘A Technical Method of Sight-singing’ (1897), which are useful text-books. Gadsby was a typical Victorian composer, whose works were always well received and never heard a second time. An earnest musician, whose mission in life was to teach others to be like himself, he died on 11 Nov. 1907 at 53 Clarendon Road, Putney, and was buried in Putney Vale cemetery. His widow died shortly after him, leaving two daughters.
[Grove's Dict. of Music; Brit. Mus. Cat.; Mus. Times, Dec. 1907 (a good obit. notice with portrait); Baker's Biog. Dict. Mus. 1900 (with portrait); personal knowledge.]
F. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Gale, Frederick

​GALE, FREDERICK (1823–1904), cricketer and writer on cricket under the pseudonym of 'The Old Buffer,' born at Woodborough, Pewseyvale, near Devizes, on 16 July 1823, was son of Thomas Hinxman Gale, rector of Woodborough and afterwards vicar of Godmersham, near Canterbury, by his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Dr. Poore of Andover. After attending Dr. Buckland's preparatory school at Laleham, Gale was from 1836 to 1841 at Winchester College, of which a great-uncle. Dr. W. S. Goddard [q. v.], was a former headmaster. While at Winchester he played in the cricket eleven against Eton and Harrow in 1841, and in 1845 he played once both for Kent and for the Gentlemen of Kent against the Gentlemen of England. He was a hard hitter and a good fieldsman, but after leaving Winchester gave little time to the practice of the game.
Articled to a member of the London firm of Messrs. Bircham & Co., solicitors, Gale long worked with them as parliamentary clerk, and afterwards as parliamentary agent on his own account. But, deeply interested in cricket and other games, he devoted much time to writing about them, and he gradually abandoned legal business ​for the work of an author and journalist. Usually employing the pseudonym of 'The Old Buffer,' he contributed to the 'Globe' and 'Punch,' to the 'Cornhill' and 'Baily's Magazine.' He lectured occasionally also and he wrote many books, the best known of which are 'Public School Matches and those we meet there' (1853), 'Ups and Downs of a Public School' (1859), 'Echoes from Old Cricket Fields' (1871); 'Memoir of the Hon. Robert Grimston' (1885); 'Modern English Sports: their use and abuse' (1885); 'The Game of Cricket' (with portrait of Gale) (1887); and 'Sports and Recreations' (1888). Through his brother-in-law, Arthur Severn, Gale became a close friend of Ruskin, to whom he dedicated his 'Modern English Sports.' Ruskin, who wrote a preface to the book, professed complete agreement with Gale's 'views of life, its duties and pleasures' (Ruskin's Works, ed. Cook & Wedderburn, Index vol.). From 1865 till 1882 Gale resided at Mitcham. Interesting himself in Surrey cricket, he helped to discover and bring out four Surrey professional cricketers of distinction—H. Jupp, Thomas and Richard Humphrey, and G. G. Jones. In later life Gale, after some years spent with a son in Canada, became in 1899 a brother of the Charterhouse, London. He died in the Charterhouse on 24 April 1904, and was buried beside his wife at Mitcham. Gale married in 1852 Claudia Fitzroy (d. 1874), daughter of Joseph Severn [q. v.]; two sons and four daughters survived her.
[Personal knowledge; private information; Wisden's Cricketers' Almanack, 1905; Hist. of Kent County Cricket, 1907.]
P. N.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Gargan, Denis

​GARGAN, DENIS (1819–1903), president of Maynooth College, born at Duleek, co. Meath, in June 1819, was second son of Patrick Gargan and Jane Branagan.
Destined by his parents for the priesthood, he was sent at an early age to St. Finian's seminary, Navan. On 25 Aug. 1836 he entered St. Patrick's College, Maynooth, where he showed much promise, especially in physics and astronomy. He was ready for ordination before the canonical age. Ordained by Archbishop Daniel Murray on 10 June 1843, Gargan was sent to the Irish College, Paris, where he taught physics and astronomy till 1845. In that year he was appointed professor of humanity in Maynooth, and in 1859 he succeeded Matthew Kelly [q. v.] as professor of ecclesiastical history at the college. After many years of notable success in this position, he was in 1885 made vice-president of the college, and in 1894 became its president. Two historic events happened during his presidency, namely, the centenary celebration of the college foundation in 1895, and the visit of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra in 1903. His management of both ceremonies was dignified and impressive. He died at Maynooth on 26 Aug. 1903, after sixty years' association with the college. Though a man of wide and accurate scholarship, Gargan published only two books, 'The Charity of the Church a Proof of its Divinity,' a translation from the Italian of Cardinal Balluffi (1885), and 'The Ancient Church of Ireland, a Few Remarks on Dr. Todd's "Memoirs of the Life and Times of St. Patrick" ' (Dublin, 1864).
[Irish Ecclesiastical Record, 1903, pp. 481-492; Freeman's Journal, 27 Aug. 1903; The Times, 28 Aug. 1903; Centenary History of Maynooth College, by Archbishop Healy.]
D. J. O'D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Scott, Caroline Lucy

​SCOTT, CAROLINE LUCY, Lady Scott (1784–1857), novelist, second daughter of Archibald, first baron Douglas (1748–1827), by Frances, sister of Henry, third duke of Buccleuch, was born on 16 Feb. 1784. She married, on 27 Oct. 1810, Admiral Sir George Scott, K.C.B., who died on 21 Dec. 1841. Lady Scott died at Petersham, Surrey, on 19 April 1857. She must be distinguished from the contemporary novelist Harriet Anne Scott, Lady Scott [q. v.]
Her first novel, ‘A Marriage in High Life,’ 1828, 2 vols., was edited by the author of ‘Flirtation,’ i.e. her relative, Lady Charlotte Susan Maria Bury [q. v.] The plot is based on fact. The style is diffuse, but the interest is well sustained. Another edition appeared in 1857. Two other novels followed, likewise anonymously: ‘Trevelyan,’ 1837 (Standard Novels, No. 58), reprinted ​in the Railway Library 1860; and ‘The Old Grey Church’ in 1856. Lady Scott's succeeding works have her name in the title-pages. They are: 1. ‘Exposition of the Types and Antitypes of the Old and New Testament,’ 1856. 2. ‘Incentives to Bible Study; Scripture Acrostics; a Sabbath Pastime for young People,’ 1860. 3. ‘Acrostics, Historical, Geographical, and Biographical,’ 1863.
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Scott, George (d.1685)

​SCOTT or SCOT, GEORGE (d. 1685), of Pitlochie, Fifeshire, writer on America, was the only son of Sir John Scott or Scot [q. v.] of Scotstarvet, by his second wife, Margaret, daughter of Sir James Melville of Hallhill. In 1685 he published at Edinburgh ‘The Model of the Government of the Province of East New Jersey, in America; and Encouragement for such as design to be concerned there.’ It was, says the author, the outcome of a visit to London in 1679, when he enjoyed ‘the opportunity of frequent converse with several substantial and judicious gentlemen concerned in the American plantations.’ Among these were James Drummond, fourth earl of Perth [q. v.], to whom the book is dedicated, and probably William Penn. The most valuable part of the work is a series of letters from the early settlers in New Jersey. ‘The Model’ was plagiarised by Samuel Smith in his ‘History of New Jersey,’ 1721, and is quoted by Bancroft; but James Grahame, author of the ‘Rise and Progress of the United States,’ first attached due importance to it. It was reprinted for the New Jersey Historical Society in 1846, in W. A. Whitehead's ‘East Jersey under the Proprietory Government’ (2nd edition 1875). Copies of the original, which are very rare, are in the British Museum, the Edinburgh Advocates' Library, at Göttingen, in Harvard College library, and in the library of the New Jersey Historical Society, and two others are in private hands in America. In some copies a passage (p. 37) recommending religious freedom as an inducement to emigration is modified. In recognition of his services in writing the book, Scot received from the proprietors of East New ​Jersey a grant, dated 28 July 1685, of five hundred acres of land in the province. On 1 Aug. he embarked in the Henry and Francis with nearly two hundred persons, including his wife and family; but he and his wife died on the voyage. The wife is said to have been well connected. A son and a daughter survived. The latter, named Eupham or Euphemia, married in 1686, John Johnstone, an Edinburgh druggist, who had been one of her fellow-passengers on the disastrous voyage to New Jersey. To him the proprietors issued, on 13 Jan. 1686–7, a confirmation of the grant made to Scot, and their descendants occupied a good position in the colony. Most of their descendants left America as loyalists at the revolution, but some of them are still living in New Jersey.
[Anderson's Scottish Nation, iii. 413; Preface to Whitehead's reprint in Appendix, 2nd edit. 1875, founded on East Jersey records, and his Early History of Amboy; Allibone's Dict. Engl. Lit. ii. 1955; Catalogues of British Museum and Edinburgh Advocates' Library.]
G. Le G. N.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Scott, Alexander (1525?-1584)

​SCOTT, ALEXANDER (1525?–1584?), poet, born about 1525, is supposed to have been the son of Alexander Scott, prebendary of the Chapel Royal, of Stirling, whose two sons, John and Alexander, were legitimated 21 Nov. 1549 (Privy Council Register, xxiii. 50). There is no evidence of his having followed any profession, but allusions in his poems establish the fact that much of his time was spent in or near Edinburgh. In a sonnet by Alexander Montgomerie (1556?–1610?) [q. v.], written apparently about 1584, he is spoken of as ‘Old Scot,’ and as then living; he probably died in that year or soon after. He was married, but his wife eloped with a ‘wantoun man.’
Scott's extant work consists of thirty-six short pieces, the longest numbering a little over two hundred lines. They are preserved only in the Bannatyne manuscript compiled in 1568 (now in the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh). The earliest poem by Scott to which a date can be assigned is ‘The Lament of the Maister of Erskyn,’ written in 1547. The two most important poems are ‘A New Yeir Gift to Quene Mary,’ which throws much light on the social life and lamentable condition of the people in 1562; and ‘The Justing at the Drum,’ a clever imitation of ‘Chrystis Kirk on the Grene,’ in which the practice of the tournament is ridiculed. The rest of the poems, written in a great variety of measures, are for the most part amatory. A few, in a satirical vein, are very coarse. All are marked by felicity of diction and directness of expression. Scott is called by Pinkerton ‘the Anacreon of old Scottish poetry.’ But among the ancient minor poets of Scotland his place should be below Montgomerie. Allan Ramsay first printed seven of Scott's poems in ‘The Evergreen’ (1724). An equal number was printed by Lord Hailes in ‘Ancient Scottish Poems: published from the Manuscript of George Bannatyne’ (1770). Fifteen of the poems were included by Sibbald in ‘A Chronicle of Scottish Poetry,’ 1802, 4 vols. 8vo. The first complete edition of the poems was issued by David Laing, Edinburgh, 1821. All the pieces are printed in the transcript of the Bannatyne manuscript made for the Hunterian Club, Glasgow, 1874–81. A small edition was printed at Glasgow in 1882 for private circulation. A modernised and expurgated edition was issued by William Mackean, Paisley, 1887. The latest edition is that of the Scottish Text Society, with notes and memoir by the writer of this article (Edinburgh, 1895).
J. C-n.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Scott, Andrew

​SCOTT, ANDREW (1757–1839), Scottish poet, son of John Scott, day labourer, and Rachel Briggs, was born at Bowden, Roxburghshire, on 19 April 1757. Scantily educated, he was for some time a cowherd, and then a farm-servant. At the age of nineteen he enlisted, and served with his regiment in the American war of independence. After the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown, 19 Oct. 1781, he was for some time a prisoner of war in Long Island, returning to Scotland subsequently to the peace of 4 Jan. 1784. Being discharged, Scott settled at Bowden as a farm labourer, acting also as church officer for several years before his death, which occurred on 22 May 1839. He was married and had five children. His portrait was painted by George Watson (1767–1837) [q. v.] of Edinburgh.
Stimulated in boyhood by the ‘Gentle Shepherd,’ Scott was all through his military career a persistent versifier, and entertained his comrades with original songs. Sir Walter Scott, Lockhart, and others befriended and encouraged him. A manuscript volume of his lyrics was lost by his commanding officer, to whom the author had entrusted it; but, although he could reproduce only two numbers of the collection, his resources were not exhausted. Continuing to versify, he at length acted on the recommendation of the Bowden parish minister, and published a volume of lyrics in 1805 (2nd edit. 1808). In 1811 he issued ‘Poems, chiefly in the Scottish Dialect,’ and two further volumes of a similar character ​in 1821 and 1826 respectively. If somewhat defective in form, Scott's lyrics display observation, descriptive facility, and quick appreciation of the picturesque features of Scottish rural life and character.
[Autobiographical Sketch prefixed to 1808 volume; Rogers's Modern Scottish Minstrel; Goodfellow's Border Biography.]
T. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1927 supplement/Boyd-Carpenter, William

​BOYD-CARPENTER, WILLIAM (1841-1918), bishop of Ripon. [See Carpenter.]