OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New Student's Reference Work/Braddock, Pa.

See also Braddock, Pennsylvania on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Braddock, Pa., a thriving manufacturing town in southwestern Pennsylvania, on the right bank of the Monongahela, ten miles southeast of Pittsburg. It is noted as the site of the disastrous battle, under General Braddock (July 9, 1755), between the English and colonial levies and the French and Indians. Its industries include steel rail, wire, cement, plaster and railroad car manufacture. Population, 19,357.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Bradley, Joseph P.

See also Joseph P. Bradley on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Bradley, Joseph P., was born at Berne, N. Y., in 1813. He practiced law in Newark, N. J. In 1870, he was appointed an associate justice of the supreme court by President Grant. He was circuit judge for the southern states, but in 1880 was assigned to the third circuit. He died in 1892.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Brantford

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Brant'ford. City of 21,964, situated on the Grand River, 25 miles west of Hamilton, called after the Indian Joseph Brant, whose body is buried in the old Mohawk church, two miles from the city. It is the headquarters of the consolidated Six Nations. The noted inventor, Alexander Graham Bell, lived here for many years, and a handsome memorial has been erected in his honor. It is sometimes called the telephone city, and is favorably known as a manufacturing center. It is on the main line of the Grand Trunk Railway, served also by the Toronto, Hamilton & Buffalo Railway, less than two hours from Toronto. Public buildings, schools, and churches are very attractive.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Bradford

See also Bradford on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Brad′ford, an important English manufacturing town in Yorkshire. It sends three members to Parliament. It is the chief seat in England of the manufacture of worsted yarn. It has now over 300 mills. Fine buildings, monuments and parks are abundant, and it is the seat of Airedale College. The first English temperance society was formed here. Population, about 290,000.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Braganza, House of

See also House of Braganza on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Bragan′za, House of, the name of the ruling dynasty of Portugal and of the recent imperial family of Brazil. The family takes its name from the town of Braganza, and came to the throne of Portugal in 1640, through John IV, Duke of Braganza, who threw off the yoke of Spain. The first emperor of Brazil was Dom Pedro I, the eldest son of King John VI. He was crowned in 1822. His son, Dom Pedro II, was driven from the country and a republic formed in 1889. The reigning king of Portugal to-day, Manuel II, is of the house of Braganza-Coburg.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Stones, Precious

See also Gemstone on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Stones, Precious, are mineral substances used in jewelry and for other ornamental purposes. They are called precious because of their rarity and expensiveness. The diamond, ruby, sapphire, oriental amethyst and emerald stand first in the list of precious stones, because of their brilliant color, luster, hardness, durability and rarity. The topaz, garnet, turquoise, tourmaline, opal, agate, jasper and onyx are of the second class, while there is still a large class of stones used for ornaments, as lapis-lazuli, malachite and the moonstone, which are not called precious stones. There also are two substances, derived from animals, used in jewelry: pearls and corals; and also amber, which is a fossil resin. The cutting and polishing of precious stones are necessary to bring out the sparkle and luster so highly valued. When the sparkle is desired, the stone is cut with many faces or facets, as in the diamond, but when the color is important, it is cut with a smooth and usually rounded surface. The hardness of the stone adds to its value, as it admits of a higher polish, retains it longer and wears better. The diamond is the hardest of the precious stones. The great value of these stones has led to many efforts to produce artificial imitations but without success. The usual imitations are made of a soft flint-glass, called stress or paste, which is colored and sometimes has thin plates of the real stone over of under it. See Diamond, Pearl and Sapphire.
| COPYRIGHT 1904, BY C. B. BEACH | GEM MINERALS |
| Turquoise. | Opal. | Crocidolite. |
| Gold Stone. | | Blood Stone. |
| Garnet. | | Amethyst. |
# The New Student's Reference Work/Story, Joseph

See also Joseph Story on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Sto′ry, Joseph, an American jurist, was born at Marblehead, Mass., Sept. 18, 1779. He was a graduate of Harvard. He was in the legislature in 1805, and in 1808 entered Congress. He was made a judge in the supreme court of the United States in 1811, holding the position for 34 years. In 1829 he became a professor in Harvard Law-School. He was an authority on all legal questions in the United States, his Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States, The Conflict of Laws and Equity Jurisprudence being very valuable. He died at Cambridge, Mass., Sept 10, 1845. See Life by his son.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Stoneworts

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​Stoneworts (wûrtz), the common name of species of Characeæ (q. v.)
# The New Student's Reference Work/Strikes

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​Strikes. See Labor, Labor-Organizations and Trade-Unions.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Strychnine

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​Strych′nine. See Poisons.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Stony Point

See also Battle of Stony Point on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Stony Point, a rocky point on Hudson River, 42 miles north of New York. There was a fort here, and one on the point opposite, during the Revolutionary War, which were captured by the British, but the Stony Point fort was retaken by Anthony Wayne in a bold night attack, July 16, 1779.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Storrs, Richard Salter

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​Storrs, Richard Salter, an American clergyman, was born at Braintree, Mass., RICHARD S. STORRS Aug. 21, 1821. He studied at Amherst College and Andover Theological Seminary. He was pastor of the Church of the Pilgrims, Brooklyn, N.Y., 1846-99, having had one of the longest pastorates in the city. For a number of years he was one of the editors of The New York Independent, and was president of the American Board of Missions. He was noted for his eloquence and beautiful style in the pulpit and his aptness and readiness in occasional addresses, and ranked as one of the first pulpit-orators in America. His more important publications include a work on The Divine Origin of Christianity, The Puritan Spirit, Bernard of Clairvaux and Forty Years of Pastoral Life. He died on June 5, 1900.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Story, William Wetmore

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​Story, William Wetmore, American sculptor and poet, was born at Salem, Mass., Feb. 19, 1819, son of Joseph Story, and after graduating at Harvard studied law and was admitted to the bar. Among his works as a lawyer are Reports of Cases, Treatise on the Law of Contracts, The Law of Sale of Personal Property with The Life of Story. In 1848 he abandoned law for sculpture, and W. W. STORY to assist him in his study of fine models he removed to Rome, Italy, where he afterwards chiefly resided, until his death at Vallombrosa on Oct. 7, 1895. His allegorical statues of Cleopatra, Medea, The African Sibyl and Semiramis; statues of George Peabody, Edward Everett and Francis Scott Key; and busts of Lowell, Bryant, Theodore Parker, Josiah Quincy and his father represent the bulk of his achievement in art. In literature he published poems, essays and rambles in Italy. The chief of these works which show his culture and sympathies are Roba di Roma, Conversations in a Studio, The Castle of St. Angelo and the Evil Eye, Poems, Excursions in Art and Letters and A Poet's Portfolio. He died in 1895.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Strobilus

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​Strobilus (strō̇-bī′lŭs) (in plants), a name given to the cone-like cluster of sporophylls which is best displayed by equisetums, club-mosses and gymnosperms. In gymnosperms it often is called a flower, and it really stands for the flower in plants without floral leaves. It probably is the structure from which true flowers have been derived.
# The Path of Duty

* "The Path of Duty" in The English Illustrated Magazine 2 (15): 240–256.
    — First publication in any form.
* "The Path of Duty" in Stories Revived (3 volumes, London: Macmillan & Co., 1885) 1: 144–198.
    — First English book edition.
* "The Path of Duty" in Stories Revived (2 volumes, London: Macmillan & Co., 1885) 1: 144–198.
    — Two-volume reprint of first English book edition.
* "The Path of Duty" in The Author of Beltraffio, Pandora, Georgina's Reasons, The Path of Duty, Four Meetings (Boston: James R. Osgood and Company, 1885): 261–317.
    — First American book edition.
* "The Path of Duty" in The Diary of a Man of Fifty, A New England Winter, The Path of Duty, and Other Tales (London: Macmillan, 1922): 125–176.
    — Volume 25 of The Novels and Stories of Henry James, the first posthumous collection of James' works.
# The Path of Life

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "The Path of Life."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* The Path of Life, a poem by Felicia Hemans, as Felicia Dorothea Browne, 1808.
* The Path of Life, a poem by Dora Sigerson Shorter
# The Pocket Songster/Our Bonny Scots Lads

OUR BONNY SCOTS LADS.
Our bonny Scots lads, in their green tartan plaids, Their blue-belted bonnets, and feathers sae braw, Rank'd up on the green were fair to be seen, But my bonny young laddie was fairest of a'. His cheeks were as red as the sweet heatherr-bell, Or the red western cloud looking down on the snaw, His lang yellow hair o'er his braid shoulders fell, And the een o' the lasses were fix'd on him a'.
​My heart sunk wi' wae on the wearifu' day. When torn frae my bosom they march'd him awa', He bade me farewell, he cried "O be leel," And his red cheeks were wet wi' the tears that did fa'. Ah! Harry, my love, though thou ne'er shouldst return, Till life's latest hour I thy absence will mourn, And memory shall fade, like the leaf on the tree, Ere my heart spare ae thought on anither but thee. Tannahill.
# The Pocket Songster/The Braes of Balquhither

THE BRAES OF BALQUHITHER.
Let us go, lassie, go To the braes o' Balquhither, Where the blae-berries grow v'Mang the bonnie Highland heather; Where the deer and the rae Lightly bounding together, Sport the lang summer day On the braes o' Balquhither.
I will twine thee a bower, By the clear siller fountain, And I'll cover it o'er Wi' the flowers o' the mountain; I will range through the wilds, And the deep glens sae dreary, And return wi' their spoils, To the bower o' my deary.
​When the rude wintry win' Idly raves round our dwelling, And the roar of the linn On the night breeze is swelling, So merrily we'll sing, As the storm rattles o'er us, 'Till the dear sheeling ring Wi' the light lilting chorus.
Now the summer is in prime, Wi' the flowers richly blooming, And the wild mountain thyme A' the moorlands perfuming; To our dear native scenes Let us journey together, Where glad innocence reigns 'Mang the braes o' Balquhither. Tannahill.
# The Poem-book of the Gael/The Saltair na Rann

THE SALTAIR NA RANN, OR PSALTER OF THE VERSES
​The Saltair na Rann, or Psalter of the Verses, so-called because it is divided into 150 poems in imitation of the Psalms of David, is undoubtedly the most important religious poem of early Ireland. It may justly be regarded as the Irish Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained, for it opens with an account of the Creation of the Universe, the founding of Heaven and Hell, the fall of Lucifer, the creation of the Earthly Paradise and of man, the temptation and fall and the penance of Adam and Eve. After this it sketches the Old Testament History, leading up to the birth and life of Christ and closing with His death and resurrection. Though in general it follows the Bible narrative, it is peculiarly Irish in tone, and its additions and variations are of the greatest interest to students of mediæval religious literature. The conception of the universe in the first poem, with its ideas of the seven heavens, the coloured and fettered winds, and the sun passing through the opening windows of the twelve divisions of the heavens, is curious; the earth, enclosed in the surrounding firmament, “like a shell around an egg,” being regarded as the centre of the universe.
In the portions which relate the life of Adam and Eve, the author evidently had before him the Latin version of the widely known Vita Adae et Euae, which he follows closely, introducing from it several Latin words into his text; but even here the colouring is purely Irish. The poem is ascribed to Oengus the Culdee, who lived early in the ninth century; but its language is later, probably the end of the tenth century.
In 1883 Dr. Whitley Stokes published the text from the only existing complete copy, that contained in the Bodleian MS. Rawl. B. 502, but no part of it has hitherto been published in English. The present translation of the sections dealing with the Creation and with the life of Adam and Eve is purely tentative; the poem presents great difficulties, and we suffer from the lack of a second copy with which to compare it. Miss Eleanor Knott has read the translations and has helped me with many difficulties; and I had the advantage of reading parts of the poem in class with Dr. Kuno Meyer. For the errors which the translation must undoubtedly contain, I am myself, however, alone responsible.
* ↑ In Anecdota Oxoniensia (Med. and Mod. Series), vol. i. part iii.
* ↑ The Lebar Brecc gives poem x., and a prose version of portions of poems ii., iv., vi., viii., ix., xi.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Meuse

See also Meuse River on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Meuse (mẽz), a river which rises in France, and flows north to Belgium and into Holland. Turning to the west, it joins the Waal, one of the mouths of the Rhine, and becomes the Maas. Rotterdam stands on the New Maas. The river is 500 miles long.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Mexico (city)

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​Mexico (mek′sĭ-kō), a city, the capital of the Republic of Mexico, is situated in the midst of the central tableland of the country, 7,347 feet above the sea. It is known in history as the capital of the Montezumas, founded by the Aztecs about 1325.  The city was in its full glory when Cortez conquered it in 1521, destroying a large part of the ancient town. He rebuilt it on its present plan, using a company of 400,000 Indians in the work. It was occupied by the Spaniards for 300 years, and has been the scene of revolution and the battlefield for contending armies. It to-day is a modern city in every sense of the word; the political, social, industrial and financial center of the republic, and with its suburbs has a population of 500,000. The principal streets are broad and well-paved; the city is electrically ​lighted and is served by an electrical car-system which extends to suburban towns. There are numerous parks, of which the Alameda is chief, and many flowery boulevards and drives, including the famous Paseo de la Reforma, stretching between rows of magnificent trees for two miles, from the bronze equestrian statue of Charles IV to Chapultepec. Points of interest are the great cathedral, founded in 1524, with 13 chapels, a century in building and costing $2,000,000; the National Palace, the residence for 300 years of 63 Spanish viceroys and after independence the presidential residence; the National Museum, the vast enclosure filled and its walls hung with the relics of a vanished race; the Art Gallery, School of Mines and the Medical Building; and in the suburbs the Castle of Chapultepec; Guadalupe, the holiest of Mexican shrines; and La Viga Canal, 16 miles long, through a succession of floating islands. There are some manufactures, as cigars, gold and silver work and pottery, but the trade of the city is largely that of a receiving and distributing center. The great sewer completed by President Diaz at cost of $30,000,000, drains the Valley of Mexico into the Gulf, and has made a clean, healthy city.
From Stereograph, Copyrighted by Underwood & Underwood, New York :
CASTLE OF CHAPULTEPEC, MEXICO :
# The New Student's Reference Work/Metronome

See also Metronome on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Metronome (mĕt′rō̇-nōm), an instrument for dividing or “beating” time, used chiefly in the study of music. As ordinarily constructed, it looks like an inverted pendulum swaying before a pyramid, the pendulum being moved by clockwork and the motion retarded or accelerated by sliding up or down a metal weight appended to the wire.  If this weight be near the point of suspension, the motion will be rapid; if near the top, correspondingly slow.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Mexico, Gulf of

See also Gulf of Mexico on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Mexico, Gulf of, a basin of the Atlantic Ocean, shut in by the peninsulas of Yucatan and Florida, lies south of the United States and east of Mexico. It covers 16,200 square miles—more than one fifth of the area of the United States. It is 1,100 miles long, though Yucatan and Florida are within 500 miles of each other. The coasts are low and sandy, with few good harbors, the best being New Orleans, Pensacola and Havana. Cuba is in the middle of the entrance to the gulf, dividing it into two straits, that of Florida, which connects it with the Atlantic and that of Yucatan, opening into the Caribbean. The largest river flowing into it is the Mississippi. The gulf-stream enters the gulf by the Yucatan Channel, flows round it and passes out by the Florida Strait. The gulf is visited by severe winds called northers. See Gulf-Stream.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Meter

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​Me′ter. See Metric System.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Metz

See also Metz on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Metz (mets), the capital and strongest fortified town of Lorraine, Germany, on Moselle River. It has a series of forts around it, which have been strengthened since the annexation to Germany (1871).  The making of saddles and shoes and tanning are its manufactures; and the trade is largely in wine, brandy and preserved fruits.  In 1552 it was taken by the French, to whom it was formally ceded in 1648. In the Franco-Prussian War it was occupied by Bazaine, who, after a long siege, surrendered it to the German army, and by the treaty of Frankfort it became a German city. Population 68,445.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Metric System, The

See also Metric system on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Met′ric System, The, is an international system of measurement of lengths, surfaces, weights and volumes which was gradually ​developed as the need for a universal system became more and more imperative.  Abbé Gabriel Mouton in 1670 proposed an aliquot part of the circumference of the earth as an international unit of length. Other authorities, including Picard, La Condamine, Jefferson and Talleyrand, favored the length of a pendulum beating seconds. A committee of the French Academy of Sciences, which was appointed in 1790 and included Laplace, Condorcet, Borda, Lagrange and Monge, reported in favor of the tenth-millionth part of a quarter of a terrestrial meridian or the distance from the equator to the North Pole as the standard unit of length. The success of the decimal money-system of the United States appears to have won many advocates for the metric system of weights and measures. The unit recommended by the committee of 1790 was established by decree; and the nomenclature was legally fixed by a law of 1795; but the metric system had still to secure adherents among the masses and abroad. This was effected by the adoption of the report of an international commission in 1799. Standard units were deposited in the Paris archives; and by 1837 the use of the metric system was made compulsory in France in all departments. In 1866 the metric system was recognized by law in the United States. Several attempts have been made to render it obligatory; but it has seemed preferable to allow the system to win its way for a time, as it is doing, on its own merits.
The unit of length is a metre; the unit of weight a gram; the unit of capacity a litre.  The equivalent of a metre is 39.37079 inches; of a gram, 15.43235 grains; of a litre 61.02705 cubic inches. A gram has the weight of one cubic centimetre; a litre the volume of one cubic decimetre. Prefixes are used to indicate submultiples and multiples of the units, thus:
| Milli | — one thousandth part. |
| Centi | — one hundredth part. |
| Deci | — one tenth part. |
| Deca | — ten times. |
| Hecto | — one hundred times. |
| Kilo | — one thousand times. |
So a centimetre is the hundredth of a metre, a decimetre the tenth of a metre, a kilogram one thousand grams, and so on.  The labor of the calculations and reductions in terms of weights and measures is reduced to a minimum by the simple relation between the units of mass and dimension and by the use of decimal parts and decimal notation.  Metres and kilograms constructed of an alloy of iridium and platinum are furnished to countries which need them from the Observatory of the International Bureau, established at St. Cloud in 1878.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Meyerbeer, Giacomo

See also Giacomo Meyerbeer on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Meyerbeer (mī′ẽr-bār), Giacomo, a musical composer, was born at Berlin, Prussia, Sept. 5, 1791. His name was Jakob Beer, to which he added the name of Meyer, a benefactor of his, and gave the whole name an Italian form. At the age of seven he played Mozart's music on the piano in public. His earlier works were unsuccessful and he proceeded to Italy for further study. He got hold at once of Rossini's style, which was just then popular, and brought out three operas, for the last of which he was crowned with laurel on the stage at Venice in 1824. In 1831 he produced Robert le Diable in an entirely new style, which cast even Rossini into the shade. After the success which followed the production of The Huguenots he was appointed chapel-master at Berlin. His Prophet appeared in 1849. In the comic opera, to which he now turned his attention, he wrote The Star of the North and Dinorah. His last work, L'Africaine, was not made public until a year after his death. He published many miscellaneous compositions, a Stabat, a Te Deum, some cantatas and songs. His operas are popular and frequently produced, especially at the Paris Opera. He died at Paris on May 2, 1864.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Metternich, Clemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar

See also Klemens Wenzel von Metternich on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Metternich (mĕt′tẽr-nĭk), Clemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar, Prince, an Austrian statesman, was born at Coblentz, Prussia, May 15, 1773. He studied at Strassburg and Mainz (Mayence). He was appointed Austrian minister to Dresden when he was 28, and two years later became ambassador to Berlin. After the peace of Presburg he was sent as minister to the court of Napoleon. He concluded the treaty of Fontainebleau in 1807, and in 1809 became minister of foreign affairs. He was made a prince of the empire in 1813, and in 1821 became chancellor. The Revolution of 1848, was felt at Vienna, and Metternich was compelled to flee to England. After his return he took no part in public affairs, and died at Vienna, June 11, 1859. In 1880–84 his Memoirs were published. See Metternich, by Malleson, in the Statesmen Series.
# The Peregrine Falcon at the Eyrie/Illustrations

List of Illustrations.
page
Photographs of the Peregrine, including the illustrations in this volume, may be obtained of the Autotype Company, and C. J. King, St. Marys, Scilly.