OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Copeland, Thomas

​COPELAND, THOMAS (1781–1855), writer on surgery, son of the Rev. William Copeland, curate of Byfield, Northamptonshire (1747–1787), was born in May 1781, studied under Mr. Denham at Chigwell in Essex, and in London under Edward Ford [q. v.], his maternal uncle. He afterwards attended the medical classes in Great Windmill Street and at St. Bartholomew's Hospital. On 6 July 1804 he was admitted a member of the Royal College of Surgeons, and on the 14th of the same month was appointed an assistant surgeon in the 1st foot guards. He embarked with his regiment for Spain under Sir John Moore, and was present at the battle of Corunna in 1809. On his return to England and retirement from the army, finding that his uncle was declining practice, Copeland occupied his residence, 4 Golden Square, and having been appointed surgeon to the Westminster General Dispensary, he at once entered into a large connection, chiefly among the aristocracy. In 1810 he brought out ‘Observations on the Diseases of the Hip-joint, by E. Ford; edited and revised with additions, by T. Copeland.’ In the same year he published ‘Observations on some of the principal Diseases of the Rectum,’ a work which ran to three editions. His new and scientific treatment of these diseases established his reputation and fairly earned for him the distinction of being the founder of rectum surgery. As a consulting surgeon in this class of maladies his opinion in the west end of London was in much request. He was the first to suggest the removal of the septum narium by means of an ingeniously contrived pair of forceps, in cases where its oblique position obstructed the passage of air through the nostrils. He was elected a F.R.S. on 6 Feb. 1834, and in 1843 became an honorary F.R.C.S. For a time he was a member of the council of the College of Surgeons, and became surgeon-extraordinary to Queen Victoria in 1837. He removed to 17 Cavendish Square in 1842, but his health failing him he limited his practice from that period. He was also the author of ‘Observations on the Symptoms and Treatment of the Diseased Spine, more particularly relating to the Incipient Stages,’ 1815; a second edition appeared in 1818 and the work was translated into several European languages. Among his contributions to professional journals was a paper entitled ‘History of a Case in which a Calculus was voided from a Tumour in the Groin’ (Trans. Med.-Chir. Soc. iii. 191). His career was marked by a becoming deference to the regulations of professional etiquette, and by courtesy and friendship towards his brother practitioners. He died from an attack of jaundice at Brighton on 19 Nov. 1855. His wife died on 5 Dec. 1855. He left 180,000l., bequeathing 5,000l. both to the Asylum for Poor Orphans of the Clergy, and to the Society for the Relief of Widows and Orphans of Medical Men.
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Caithness, Earl of

​CAITHNESS, Earl of. [See Sinclair, James (1821–1881).]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Caius, John (fl.1480)

​CAIUS or KAY, JOHN, sometimes called the elder (fl. 1480), poet, is the author of an English poem relating the history of the siege of Rhodes unsuccessfully undertaken by Mahommed II in 1480. It was printed in London in 1506, but has no printer's name, and although some of the type resembles that used by Caxton, it is not from his press. Warton describes the book as a translation of the 'Obsidionis Rhodiæ Vrbis Descriptio,' which was written by 'Gulielmus Caorsinus or Caoursin,' vice-chamberlain for forty years of the knights of Malta, and published at Ulm in his collected works in 1496. Caius dedicates his translation to Edward IV, whose 'humble poete lawreate' he describes himself. But the expression does not imply that the writer held any official position at court. Three copies of the book are now known—two in the British Museum and a third in Earl Spencer's library at Althorp. An early manuscript version is in the British Museum (MS. Cotton. Titus A. xxvi. 161).
[Tanner's Bibl. Brit.; Blades's Caxton, ii. 251-252; Warton's History of English Poetry; Walter Hamilton's Poet Laureates of England (1879), p. 21.]
S. L. L.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.48 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 221 | i | 15 f.e. | Caius, John: after Althorp insert which is now. at the John Rylands library at Manchester |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Calah, John

​CALAH, JOHN (1758–1798), organist and composer, was born in 1758, but his birth-place and early history are alike unknown. In December 1781 he succeeded John Jackson as organist of the parish church and master of the song-school of Newark-on-Trent, where he remained until 1785, on 28 June of which year he was appointed to the offices of organist and master of the choristers in the cathedral church of Peterborough, which were vacant by the resignation of Richard Langdon. Calah remained at Peterborough until his death, which took place on 5 Aug. 1798. He was buried on the 8th of the same month. He composed some unimportant church music, songs, sonatas, &c., but his works are now nearly forgotten.
[Gent. Mag. 1798. p. 728; Appendix to Bemrose’s Choir Chant Book; Burial Register and Chapter Audit Book of Peterborough Cathedral, communicated by the Rev. W. Farley Wilkinson.]
W. B. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cairns, William

​CAIRNS, WILLIAM (d. 1848), philosophical writer, was a native of Glasgow. After completing his course at the university, he, in 1800, enlarged the Antiburgher Secession Hall for the study of divinity. In March 1808 he was ordained minister of the secession church at Johnshaven, Kincardineshire, This position he resigned in October 1815 on being chosen professor of logic and belles-lettres by the directors of the Belfast Institution. He remained there till his death, 21 April 1848. He was the author of 'Outlines of Lectures on Logic and Belles-Lettres,' 1829, and 'Treatise on Moral Freedom,' 1844. He also edited, with a memoir, 'Lectures on Intellectual Philosophy,' by Dr. John Young, 1836.
[Mackelvie's Annals of the United Presbyterian Church. pp. 80, 660; Irving's Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen; Brit, Mus. Cat.]
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Caistor, Richard

​CAISTOR, RICHARD (d. 1420), theologian, is said to have been born at Caistor, near Norwich, from which place he appears to have derived his surname (Blomefield, p. 591). In October 1386, at a time when he had already received the first tonsure, a title for this diocese was given to him (Tanner, from Reg. Merton. Priorat. Bibl. E. 64). On 22 May 1402 he was instituted vicar of St. Stephen's, Norwich, in which city he died 29 March 1420. For his extreme piety Caistor received the cognomen of 'good,' and Blomefield adds that he was a constant preacher of God's word and a great supporter of Wycliffite doctrines in the reign of Henry V. While living, the common people regarded him as a prophet, and after his death miracles were reported to have been wrought at his tomb, which became the object of local pilgrimage, to the great annoyance of the orthodox authorities. Caistor's popularity may be gauged by the fact ​that in 1458 John Falbeck, from Thorndon in Suffolk, left money to any one who should make this pilgrimage, and John Stalton Mercer gave a cloth of red tissue to be laid on the 'good veker's' grave (Blomefield). A fifteenth-century manuscript in Merton College Library (Oxford) still preserves a metrical prayer in English verse composed by 'Master Richard Castre.' This composition is followed by another English poem, entitled 'Psalterium Fraternæ Caritatis,' perhaps by the same author. Other works enumerated by Tanner are: 'A Summa Summarum of the Ten Commandments,' and homilies on the eight beatitudes, and on the relationship between master and servant, father and son, man and wife—all apparently written in Latin. To these Tanner adds certain discourses from St. Bernard.
[Tanner; Blomefield's Norfolk (ed. 1744), ii. 591; Coxe's Catalogue of Oxford MSS. i.]
T. A. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Combe, Thomas

​COMBE, THOMAS (1797–1872), director of the Clarendon Press, the son of a bookseller in Leicester, was born in 1797. His connection with the Clarendon Press began about 1837. As chief manager he displayed some enterprise and much financial ability. On the determination of the monopoly which the press possessed in the matter of printing bibles he took at his own risk a paper mill at Wolvercott in order to enable the press to meet the increased competition with greater ease. The venture proved successful. He supplied the funds for the addition of a chapel to the infirmary and the erection of the church, St. Barnabas, in the low quarter lying between Worcester College and Port Meadow. He gave Mr. Millais in 1852 the commission for the 'Return of the Dove to the Ark.' He was also the owner of Mr. Holman Hunt's 'Light of the World and Persecution of Christian Missionaries by the Druids.' He was an honorary M.A. of the university of Oxford. He died suddenly on 30 June 1872 at the Clarendon Press.
[Athenaeum, 9 Nov. 1872.]
J. M. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Comerford, John

​COMERFORD, JOHN (1762?–1832?), miniature-painter, the son of a flax-dresser, was born at Kilkenny. He gained some knowledge of art from copying the pictures in the collection of the Marquis of Ormonde. He went early in life to Dublin, and entered as a student in the art schools of the Dublin Society. He exhibited in London at the Royal Academy in 1804 and 1809. He was very successful and gained a high reputation as a miniature-painter in Dublin, and had a large and lucrative practice in his art. He particularly excelled in his male portraits, which were carefully finished, well expressed, and quiet in colour. Some examples of his work were exhibited at the Special Exhibition of Portrait Miniatures in 1865, including portraits of Lady Sarah Lennox, Mr. Burgoyne, and Mr. William Fletcher, the latter in college dress. There is a miniature by him of an English military officer in the South Kensington Museum. In 1819 the Dublin Society of Artists, which had been for some years torn by internal dissensions, applied for a charter of incorporation. This was actively opposed, and Comerford was selected by the opposers, as being a man of good repute and much respected, to write to Sir Robert Peel, then chief secretary for Ireland, explaining the reason for opposition. The controversy ended in the complete defeat of Comerford and his friends, and the society obtained their charter in 1821. He died in Dublin of apoplexy in 1832 or 1833, aged between sixty and seventy years. He drew for Sir Jonah Barrington [q. v.] many portraits of leading Irishmen, which were engraved by J. Heath in Barrington's 'Historic Anecdotes, and Secret Memoirs relative to the Legislative Union between Great Britain and Ireland.'
[Redgrave's Dict. of English Artists; Graves's Dict. of Artists, 1760-1880; Sarsfield Taylor's Fine Arts in Great Britain and Ireland; Catalogue of the Special Exhibition of Portrait Miniatures, 1865; Royal Academy Catalogues.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Comberford, Nicholas

​COMBERFORD, COMERFORD, or QUEMERFORD, NICHOLAS, D.D. (1544?–1599), Jesuit, was born in the city of Waterford in Ireland about 1544, and took the degree of B.A. at Oxford in 1562, after he had spent at least four years in that university' in pecking and hewing at logic and philosophy ' (Wood, Athenæ Oxon. ed. Bliss, i. 459; Fasti, i. 161; Boase, Register of the Univ. of Oxford, i. 250). After completing his degree by determination he returned to Ireland, was ordained priest, and obtained some ecclesiastical preferment from which he was ejected on account of his religion. Repairing to the university of Louvain, he was promoted to the degree of D.D. on 23 June or October 1575, on which occasion his fellow-countryman, Peter Lombard, who that year was 'primus in schola artium,' wrote 'Carmen Heroicum in Doctoratum Nicolai Quemerfordi' (Oliver, Jesuit Collections, p. 262). He entered the Society of Jesus about 1578 (Hogan, Ibernia Ignatiana, p. 58). He died in Spain about 1599 (Hogan, Cat. of Irish Jesuits, p. 6).
He wrote in English 'a pithy and learned treatise, very exquisitely penned,' entitled 'Answers to certain Questions propounded by the Citizens of Waterford;' also some sermons; and, it is said, 'divers other things.'
[Authorities cited above; also Foley's Records, vol. vii. pt. i. p. 52; Ware's Writers of Ireland, ed. Harris, p. 96; Backer's Bibl. des Ecrivains de la Compagnie de Jésus (1872), ii. 2205; Catholic Miscellany, ix. 140.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Comber, Thomas (1575-1654)

​COMBER, THOMAS, D.D. (1575–1654), master of Trinity College, Cambridge, and dean of Carlisle, was born at Shermanbury, Sussex, on 1 Jan. 1575, being the twelfth son of his father, who was a barrister-at-law. From a public school at Horsham he was sent to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he was elected to a scholarship in 1593, and to a fellowship in 1597. He graduated M.A. in 1598. For three years he lived in France, in the house of the learned protestant, Du Moulin. On his return from that country he was appointed chaplain to James I, by whose command he disputed publicly at St. Andrews with some Scotch divines. On 26 June 1615 he was instituted to the rectory of Worplesdon, Surrey; on 28 Aug. 1629 he was presented to the deanery of Carlisle; and on 12 Oct. 1631 admitted master of Trinity College, Cambridge. In the latter part of 1631, and again in 1636, he was vice-chancellor of the university. He was ejected from all his preferments and imprisoned for assisting in sending the university plate to the king, and for refusing the covenant. He died on 28 Feb. 1653-4, and was buried, on 3 March, in St. Botolph's Church, Cambridge, without any sepulchral monument. His funeral sermon was preached in Trinity College Chapel by Robert Boreman, B.D., and published under the title of 'The Triumph of Faith over Death, or the Just Man's Memoriall,' London, 1654, 4to.
Comber was skilled in the Hebrew, Arabic, Coptic, Samaritan, Syriac, Chaldee, Persian, Greek, and Latin languages, and he had besides a colloquial knowledge of French, Spanish, and Italian. He was the author of:
* Greek and Latin verses on the death of Dr. William Whitaker, printed with that divine's 'Opera Theologica' (1610), i. 711.
* 'Epistola reverendo admodum doctissimoque viro D. J. Morino, Congregationis Oratorii presbytero, de Exemplari quodam MS. Pentateuch Samaritani quod erat in Anglia,' dated from Trinity College, Cambridge, 25 April 1633. In 'Antiquitates Ecclesige Orientals (London, 1682), 193.
[Funeral Sermon by Boreman; Addit. MSS. 5826 f. 120 b, 5865 f. 32; Carter's Cambridge, 331; Cole's MSS. xlv. 238, 239, 257; Comber's Memoirs of Dr. T. Comber, Dean of Durham, 7, 12, 13, 393, 395; Cooper's Annals of Cambridge, iii. 378; Lansdowne MS. 985, f. 98; Le Neve's Fasti (Hardy), iii. 247, 606, 699; Lloyd's Memoirs (1677), 447; Manning and Bray's Surrey, iii. 101; Nicolson and Burn's Westmoreland and Cumberland, ii. 304; Plume's Life of Bishop Hacket (1865), 13; Querela Cantabrigiensis (1647), 29; Walker's Sufferings of the Clergy, ii. 9, 10; Welch's Alumni Westmon. (Phillimore), 20; Willis's Survey of the Cathedrals, i. 304; Wood's Fasti (Bliss), i. 408.]
T. C.
# The Strand Magazine/Volume 9/Issue 52

Nothing from this particular issue has been transcribed yet - you can help by proofreading some pages! (transcription project)
Layout 4
* The Exploits of Brigadier Gerard. I. How the Brigadier Held the King, by A. Conan Doyle. Illustrated by W. B. Wollen.
* From Behind the Speaker's Chair by Henry W. Lucy. Illustrated by F. C. Gould.
* In Our National Library, by M. San-Léon.
* Electrocution: A Scotch Adventure by Paul Cray. Illustrated by A. Pearse.
* Elephant Catching, by D. H. Wise.
* Portraits of Celebrities at Different Times of their Lives.
* James Fleming
* William Mansfield
* Victoria Mansfield
* Clements Markham
* With Her Majesty's Mails to Ireland, by Edward John Hart.
* Stories from the Diary of a Doctor, Second Series. IV. The Hooded Death, by L. T. Meade and Clifford Halifax. Illustrated by Gordon Browne.
* Friedrichshof, by Arthur H. Beavan.
* An Intervention from the Italian of Mathilde Serao. Illustrated by W. Thomas Smith.
* A Singular Imposture.
* Girls' Schools of To-day. II. St. Leonards and Great Harrowden Hall, by L. T. Meade.
* How Weston Won His Princess by A. Hutchison Stirling. Illustrated by G. C. Glover.
* Fables: The Dancing Bear by J. A. Shepherd.
* The Golden Spinning-Wheel by Xavier Marmier. Illustrated by H. R. Millar.
# The Strange Adventures of Mr. John Smith in Paris

Extracted from the (4 serial parts) Sunday Magazine, 1910, June 26, July 3, 10 and 17.
“Something Tells Me, Son, That You Don't Speak English Either,” Remarked Mr. Smith.
THE STRANGE ADVENTURES OF MR. JOHN SMITH IN PARIS
By JACQUES FUTRELLE
* PART I June 26
* Chapter 1
* Chapter 2
* Chapter 3
* Chapter 4
* Chapter 5
* PART II July 3
* Chapter 6
* Chapter 7
* Chapter 8
* Chapter 9
* PART III July 10
* Chapter 10
* Chapter 11
* Chapter 12
* Chapter 13
* PART IV July 17
* Chapter 14
* Chapter 15
* Chapter 16
* Chapter 17
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Strand Magazine/Volume 9/Issue 53

Nothing from this particular issue has been transcribed yet - you can help by proofreading some pages! (transcription project)
Layout 4
* The Convent of Sinners' Point from the Italian of Mrs. Egerton Eastwick. Illustrated by Sidney Paget.
* Tobogganing in the Engadine, by Celia Lovejoy.
* The Exploits of Brigadier Gerard. II. How the King Held the Brigadier, by A. Conan Doyle. Illustrated by W. B. Wollen.
* From Behind the Speaker's Chair by Henry W. Lucy. Illustrated by F. C. Gould.
* Portraits of Celebrities at Different Times of their Lives.
* Esther Palliser
* James Charles Mathew
* Waller Hugh Paton
* Sir Edmund Frederick Du Cane
* Illustrated Interviews. No. XL. Sarah Bernhardt, by Edward John Hart.
* Anno Domini 1795, by Alfred Whitman.
* Stories from the Diary of a Doctor, Second Series. V. The Red Bracelet, by L. T. Meade and Clifford Halifax. Illustrated by Gordon Browne.
* The Census Up to Date, written and illustrated by J. Holt Schooling.
* The Second Violin from the French of Auguste Vitu. Illustrated by Paul Hardy.
* Some Popular Hymns, and How They Were Written, by Francis Arthur Jones.
* The Strange Case at St. Alban's by Winifred Smith. Illustrated by A. Pearse.
* Fables: The Parrot, the Cards and the Bear by J. A. Shepherd.
* The Golden Bees of Mythia by Horace Murreigh. Illustrated by H. R. Millar.
# The Strand Magazine/Volume 9/Issue 54

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Layout 4
* The Siege of Berlin from the French of Alphonse Daudet. Illustrated by Sidney Paget.
* How Games Are Made, by William G. FitzGerald.
* A Bush Story by Thornton Stewart. Illustrated by Paul Hardy.
* From Behind the Speaker's Chair by Henry W. Lucy. Illustrated by F. C. Gould.
* The Exploits of Brigadier Gerard. III. How the Brigadier Slew the Brothers of Ajaccio, by A. Conan Doyle. Illustrated by W. B. Wollen.
* Portraits of Celebrities at Different Times of their Lives.
* William Court Gully
* Frances E. Willard
* Giuseppe Verdi
* Walter W. Read
* Stories from the Diary of a Doctor, Second Series. VI. Little Sir Noel, by L. T. Meade and Clifford Halifax. Illustrated by Gordon Browne.
* Illustrated Interviews. No. XLI. Lord Onslow in New Zealand, by Constance Eaglestone.
* Remarkable Accidents, written and illustrated by James Scott.
* Lenster's-End, by Mrs. E. Newman. Illustrated by W. Thomas Smith.
* Some Curious Fancy Dresses, written and illustrated by Framley Steelcroft.
* The Ship That Could Sail Over Land and Sea from the German. Illustrated by H. R. Millar.
* Fables: The Ostrich and the Birds by J. A. Shepherd.
* A Golf Episode by E. M. J. Edwardes.
# The Strand Magazine/Volume 9/Issue 50

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* Stopping an Execution by Victor L. Whitechurch. Illustrated by W. B. Wollen.
* Vanishing Valentines, by W. G. FitzGerald.
* Yussuf: A Tale of the Desert by A. W. Durrant. Illustrated by A. Pearse.
* The Population of the World written and illustrated by J. Holt Schooling.
* Stories from the Diary of a Doctor, Second Series. II. The Seventh Step, by L. T. Meade and Clifford Halifax. Illustrated by Gordon Browne.
* From Behind the Speaker's Chair by Henry W. Lucy. Illustrated by F. C. Gould.
* An Ocean Graveyard by J. Laurence Hornibook. Illustrated by W. Christian Symons.
* Portraits of Celebrities at Different Times of their Lives.
* Canon Robinson Duckworth
* Haddon Chambers
* Mrs. Arthur Stannard
* Joseph Hatton
* Henry Pelham-Clinton
* Lord Randolph Churchill]
* Some Curiosities of Modern Photography, II, by William G. FitzGerald.
* A Silver Coin from the French of A. Roguenant. Illustrated by Sidney Paget.
* Illustrated Interviews No. XXXIX. Jules Verne at Home, by Marie A. Belloc.
* Card-Sharpers and Their Work by Harry How.
* The Two Highwaymen by H. D. Lowry. Illustrated by W. Thomas Smith.
* The Line of Robert Burns by J. Monro.
* A Tramp's Romance by Denzil Vane. Illustrated by H. R. Millar.
* Fables: The Fox and the Crow by J. A. Shepherd.
* Fables: The Mouse and the Frog by J. A. Shepherd.
* Bogey at Lunch written and illustrated by W. A. Wickham.
# The Strand Magazine/Volume 9/Issue 51

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* The Treasure of the Ram-Bagh by Herbert Russell. Illustrated by W. Thomas Smith.
* The Monsieur Got: The Father of the Comédie Française, by Baroness Althea Salvador.
* The Storm from the French of Armand Silvestre. Illustrated by Sidney Paget.
* From Behind the Speaker's Chair by Henry W. Lucy. Illustrated by F. C. Gould.
* Some Shapes of Heads, by J. E. Barnard.
* The Dead Revel by Mrs. St. Loe Strachey. Illustrated by Warwick Goble.
* Girls' Schools of To-day. I. Cheltenham College, by L. T. Meade.
* Portraits of Celebrities at Different Times of their Lives.
* Murray Finch-Hatton
* Charles Edward Pollock
* Catherine Gladstone
* Sir Myles Fenton
* Tom Sullivan
* The Secret of Julius Hatton by Mrs. Egerton Eastwick. Illustrated by J. Finnemore.
* How Explosives Are Made, by W. G. FitzGerald.
* Journeying of the Judges, by Kasomo.
* Stories from the Diary of a Doctor, Second Series. III. The Silent Tongue, by L. T. Meade and Clifford Halifax. Illustrated by Gordon Browne.
* Eccentric Ideas written and illustrated by James Scott.
* The Unicorn by E. P. Larken. Illustrated by H. R. Millar.
* Fables: The Lion and the Cub by J. A. Shepherd.