OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hering

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Hering. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hering, see Häring.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Herling

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Herling. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Herling, Härling, masculine, ‘sour grapes’ (Modern High German only), for the earlier, *Herwling, allied to herwe, ‘bitter.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Herde

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Herde. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Herde, feminine, ‘herd, flock, drove,’ from the equivalent Middle High German hërte, hërt, Old High German hërta, feminine; the common Teutonic word for ‘herd’; Dutch herde (obsolete, see Hirte; kudde, feminine, is used instead, see Kette), Anglo-Saxon heord, feminine, English herd, Old Icelandic hjǫrð, feminine, Gothic haírda, feminine, ‘herd.’ The Teutonic type herdô (the d of the Modern High German form, compared with Old High German t, is due to Low German influence), from pre-Teutonic kerdhâ; compare Old Indian çárdhas, neuter, çárdha-s, masculine,. ‘troop’; also Old Slovenian črĕda, feminine, ‘herd’?. See Hirte.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hermelin

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Hermelin. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hermelin, masculine and neuter (accented like a foreign word), from the equivalent Middle High German hęrmelîn, neuter, ‘ermine,’ diminutive of Middle High German harme, Old High German harmo, masculine, ‘ermine’; a German word merely, wanting in the other Old Teutonic languages, but in spite of the phonetic correspondence with Lithuanian szermǔ, ‘ermine’ (Lithuanian sz for Sanscrit ç, Aryan k, whence Teutonic h), there is no doubt about its being genuinely Teutonic. From German are derived the Romance words similar in sound (Modern French hermine, Italian ermellino) rather than from the Middle Latin mus armenius (for which the earlier mus ponticus is found).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Herold

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Herold. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Herold, masculine, ‘herald,’ late Middle High German only (14th century), hęralt, hęrolt (also ęrhalt), masculine, ‘herald’; undoubtedly an Old German military term, which, like a large number of others of the same class (compare Hader, Kampf), became obsolete at an early period. Herold itself is derived from an Old French term recorded towards the end of the 13th century, héralt, Modern French héraut (compare Italian araldo, Middle Latin heraldus), which is based, however, upon an Old German *hęriwalto, *hariwaldo, ‘an army official,’ appearing in Old Saxon as a proper name, Hariold (Old Icelandic Harald). Old High German harên, ‘to praise,’ does not occur in the compound.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Herrschaft

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Herrschaft. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Herrschaft, feminine, ‘lordship, dominion, master and mistress, employers (as used by servants),’ from Middle High German hêrschaft, feminine, Old High German hêrscaft, hêrscaf, feminine, literally ‘lordship,’ then ‘high rank, manor, magistracy.’ Allied to Herr, but probably not to hehr.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Herzog

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Herzog. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Herzog, masculine, ‘duke,’ from the equivalent Middle High German hęrzoge, Old High German hęrizogo (-zoho), masculine; compare Old Saxon hęritogo, Anglo-Saxon hęretoga, masculine, Old Icelandic hertoge, masculine; a common Teutonic term for ‘the leader of an army,’ in which zoho, zogo, allied to ziohan (as togo to tiuhan), has the old meaning ‘leader.’ Compare ziehen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/inwendig

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry inwendig. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ inwendig, see wenden.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/jappen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry jappen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ jappen, verb, ‘to gape, pant,’ Modern High German only, properly Low German; compare Dutch gapen, ‘to gape,’ under gaffen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/irre

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry irre. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ irre, adjective, ‘in error, astray, insane, confused,’ from the equivalent Middle High German irre, Old High German irri, adjective (Old High German also ‘provoked’); corresponding to Anglo-Saxon yrre, ‘provoked, angry.’ Allied to Gothic airzeis, ‘astray, misled’ (High German rr equal to Gothic rz). Anger was regarded as an aberration of mind (compare also Latin delirare, allied to lira, ‘furrow,’ properly ‘rut’). The root ers appears also in Latin errare, ‘to go astray’ (for *ersare), error, ‘mistake’ (for *ersor); allied also to Sanscrit irasy, ‘to behave violently, be angry’?. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/irren

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry irren. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ irren, ‘to be in error, go astray, mislead, deceive,’ from the equivalent Middle High German irren, Old High German irrôn (Gothic *aírzjôn). —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/jach

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry jach. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ jach, gach, ‘precipitate, hasty,’ allied to jähe.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/innig

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry innig. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ innig, adjective, ‘intimate,’ from Middle High German innec(g), adjective, ‘internal, intimate’; a recent formation from Middle High German inne; compare even in Old High German inniglîh, ‘internal.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/irgend

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry irgend. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ irgend, adverb, ‘ever, soever, whatever,’ with an affix d (see Mond, Habicht, and Obst), from the equivalent Middle High German (Middle German) iergen, late Old High German iergen, for which in earlier Old High German io węrgin occurs; Old High German węrgin (for *hwęrgin, *hwar-gin), corresponds to Old Saxon hwęr-gin, Anglo-Saxon hwęrgen, in which hwar significs ‘where,’ and -gin, the indefinite particle, ‘any,’ corresponding to Gothic -hun (Latin -cunque, Sanscrit -cana); Gothic *hwar-gin, *hwar-hun, ‘anywhere.’ Respecting Old High German to, compare je. Nirgend, the negative form, occurs even in Middle High German as niergen (a compound of ni, ‘not’).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/inständig

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry inständig. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ inständig, adjective, ‘instant, urgent,’ from the equivalent Middle High German *instęndec; Old High German instęndigo is recorded once. Allied to stehen (gestanden); perhaps an imitation of Latin insistere, ‘to pursue zealously’?.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/irden

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry irden. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ irden, adjective, ‘earthen,’ from Middle High German and Old High German irdîn, adjective, ‘made of clay’ (also ‘earthly’); an adjective of material allied to Old High German ërda, ‘earth.’ Also irdisch, with a different application from the equivalent Middle High German irdesch, Old High German irdisc (properly ‘peculiar or belonging to the earth’; with regard to the suffix compare deutsch and Mensch). See Erde.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/ja

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry ja. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ ja, adverb, ‘yes,’ from the equivalent Middle High German and Old High German jâ (for jă); corresponding to Gothic ja, ‘yes,’ also jai, ‘truly, forsooth,’ Old Saxon ja, Anglo-Saxon geâ, also gese (for gê-swâ, ‘yes, thus’), whence English yea and yes. Allied also to Greek ἢ, ‘forsooth,’ and Old High German jëhan, ‘to acknowledge, confess’ (see Beichte). Lithuanian ja is derived from German.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/bammeln

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/bammeln | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ bammeln, also bambeln, vb., ‘to dangle,’ first recorded in ModHG., hence it may be an onomatopoetic word collateral with bimmeln, bemmeln, ‘to tinkle.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/bauchen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/bauchen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ bauchen, vb., ‘to steep in hot lye’ (LG. büken, MidLG. bûken), from the equiv. MidHG. bûchen, OHG. *bûhhên; E. to buck (dial. to bouk), for which even a MidE. term bouken occurs a few times, points to AS. *bûcian; to these Swed. byka, Ic. bauka, and Norw. boykja, are allied. The word is, moreover, diffused through most of the Teut. languages, and correctly represents MidHG. bûchen; only in the Bav. dialect is the word unrecorded. Hence the existence of a Teut. verbal root bûk (to which AS. bûc, ‘pail,’ is allied?) is undoubted, and the Rom. cognate, Fr. buer (Ital. bucare), ‘to wash,’ is more probably borrowed from the Teut. than vice versâ. The Kelt. origin of bauchen (Bret. boukat, ‘to soften’) is impossible.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/bauen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/bauen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ bauen, vb., ‘to build, construct, cultivate,’ from MidHG. bûwen, OHG. and OLG. bûan (weak vb. with traces of a strong inflexion), ‘to dwell, inhabit, till, plant’; with regard to the meaning ‘to dwell,’ comp. Bau, Bauer, and Bude. To the OHG. bûan corresponds Goth. bauan, ‘to dwell, inhabit.’ The root, in accordance with the law of the permutation of consonants, is pre-Teut. bhû, which, on comparison with Sans. bhû, Gr. φύω, Lat. fui (futurus), &c., must mean ‘to be, become, arise, beget.’ With the same root are connected the following nouns, which are of importance in determining its primary sense: OInd. bhûmis, ‘earth,’ bhûtis, ‘existence,’ φῦμα, ‘produce’ (comp. also Baum), φύσις, ‘nature,’ φῦλον, φυλή, ‘tribe, race.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/bausen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/bausen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ bausen, vb., ‘to carouse, swell,’ from Baus, bûs, ‘inflation, swelling due ​to repletion’; the like stem also in E. to bouse, MidLG. bûsen, ‘to carouse’?.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/barmherzig

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/barmherzig | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ barmherzig, adj., ‘compassionate,’ from the equiv. MidHG. barmherzic; related to ModHG. and MidHG. erbarmen, OHG. barmên. This stem has been connected with a Teut. word barm, ‘bosom’ (E. barm, from AS. bearm, Goth. barms, OHG. and OLG. barm, MidHG. barm, m.); hence erbarmen means lit. ‘to cherish in one‘s bosom, press to one‘s heart.’ Perhaps the equiv. Goth. arman, ‘to move to pity,’ and armaiô, ‘compassion,’ stand in a similar relation to Arm, the lit. meaning of the verb being ‘to take in one‘s arms, cherish.’ Others, however, are of opinion that erbarmen contains a b derived from bi (like bange, derived from bi-ange), so that it would be more akin to Goth. arman. But in that case either a secondary meaning, ‘misericors,’ in addition to ‘miser,’ must be assumed for Teut. arm, for which there is no support; or we must regard it as an imitation of a Lat.-Christ. term, Goth. arman, from arms, like Lat. misereri, from miser; indeed OHG. armherzi, ‘misericors,’ and irbarmherzida (Goth. armahaírtiþa), ‘misericordia,’ render it certain that Christianity coined the words to express a Lat.-Christ. idea; comp. Demut, Gnade, &c.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/barsch

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/barsch | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ barsch, adj., ‘rough, rude,’ a modern word, appearing also in Du. (barsch) and Sw. (barsk), but foreign to the UpG. dialects. It is not found in OTeut. In Swiss dialects the term is baröösch (with the accent on the second syllable), in which perhaps the base of barsch is preserved; Ital. brusco (Fr. brusque) may be connected with it. In Swiss occurs also barš in the phrase barš gâ, ‘to go alone’; it also means ‘without a hat, a coat.’ Both significations point to its deriv. from bar. Yet barsch may have originated in the Teut. root bars, ‘to be ​bristly, rough,’ mentioned under the preceding word, especially as Du. barsch means lit. ‘rough.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/baumeln

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/baumeln | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ baumeln, vb., simply ModHG. ‘to hover as on a tree’?. See, however, bummeln.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/baxen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/baxen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ baxen, vb., ‘to box, cuff,’ from LG. bâxen, which is again allied to OHG. bâgan, MidHG. bâgen. See bägern and Bengel.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/baß

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/baß | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ baß (2.), compar. adv., ‘better,’ from the equiv. MidHG. baȥ, OHG. baȥ; comp. OSax. bat-bet, AS. bet from batiz (Goth. *batis); it is an old adv. from the adj. discussed under besser. The almost invariable use at present of the adv. besser, instead of the older baß, is due to the fact that the formation of the adv. was no longer understood, and that the adj. at the same time has in every case assumed an adv. function.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/bange

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/bange | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ bange, adj. and adv., ‘anxious(ly), uneasy, uneasily,’ from MidHG. and MidLG. bange, adv., ‘anxiously,’ and subst. ‘anxiety, care.’ The root is ange, which further appears in Angst; as enge is the corresponding adj., bange can only be based on the MidHG. adv. ange, OHG. ango, the adv. afterwards becoming an adj. The b ​has arisen from the unaccented prefix be (bî), as g in glauben, grade, from ge. See barmherzig, bleiben.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/bläuen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry bläuen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ bläuen, verb, ‘to beat, drub’; instinctively allied by Germans to blau (blau schlagen, ‘to beat black and blue’). It is based, however, on a strong verb, Middle High German bliuwen, Old High German bliuwan, ‘to beat’; compare the equivalent Anglo-Saxon *bleówan, whence English blow; Gothic bliggwan, ‘to beat’ (with an excrescent gg), for bliwan. The root seems to be blu, from bhlu-; it can hardly be related primitively to blau, nor is it possible to derive *bliwan from a root bhliw for bhligw from bhligh (compare Schnee, Niere), and to compare it with Latin flîgere.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/blöken

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry blöken. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ blöken, verb, ‘to bleat,’ Modern High German simply, of Low German origin. Compare Low German blöken, bleken, Middle Dutch bloiken.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/blond

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry blond. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ blond, adjective, ‘blonde, fair,’ from Middle High German blunt(d), ‘fair,’ which first appears when the French influence began (about 1200 A.D.), and is undoubtedly of French origin. French blond, Italian biondo, Middle Latin blundus, give the impression that these words were borrowed from Teutonic, especially since other Teutonic names of colours have been adopted by Romance (compare blau, blank, braun). The earlier periods of Old Teutonic have, however, no adjective blunda- The connection of Middle Latin and Romance blundo with blind (Old Icelandic blunda) may be possible (compare Lithuanian prý-blinde, ‘twilight’), especially as the meaning of the names of colours is variable.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/blutrünstig

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry blutrünstig. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ blutrünstig, see rünstig.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/blähen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry blähen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ blähen, verb, ‘to inflate,’ from the equivalent Middle High German blœjen, Old High German blâjan, weak verb (the Old High German word also means ‘to blow’); compare Anglo-Saxon blâwan, English to blow. The Teutonic root blâ (blê) agrees partly with Latin flare (Aryan root bhlâ); blasen, Blatt, and Blatter are also closely related to it. Blasen especially seems to have arisen from the shorter root, also preserved in Blatter, by adding s to the stem of the present.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/blinzeln

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry blinzeln. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ blinzeln, verb, ‘to blink, wink.’ It may be connected with blind; yet compare also Old Icelandic blunda, ‘to blink,’ and Lithuanian blandyti, ‘to cast down the eyes.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/bloß

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry bloß. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ bloß, adjective, ‘bare, destitute, mere,’ from Middle High German blôȥ. ‘exposed, naked’; it corresponds to Middle Low German and Middle Dutch bloot, ‘bare,’ Anglo-Saxon bleát, ‘poor, wretched’ (Old Icelandic blautr, ‘soft, fresh, tender,’ as well as Old High German blôȥ, ‘proud,’ have a divergent meaning). On account of the Upper German and Low German blutt (dialectic), Swedish blott, ‘unfledged, uncovered, unclad,’ the origin of Teutonic blauto- ‘mere,’ is dubious. Perhaps blöde is a cognate.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/blutt

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry blutt. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ blutt, see blöde.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/blöde

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry blöde. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ blöde, adjective, ‘weak, dim-sighted, imbecile,’ from Middle High German blœde, ‘infirm, weak, tender, timid,’ Old High German blôdi, Old Saxon blôði, ‘timid.’ Compare Anglo-Saxon bleáþ, ‘weak,’ Old Icelandic blauþr; Gothic *blauþus, ‘weak, powerless,’ may be inferred from its derivative weak verb blauþjan, ‘to render powerless, invalid, to abolish.’ According to the permutation of consonants, the pre-Teutonic form of the adjective may have been bhláutu-s, with the primary meaning ‘powerless, weak.’ Yet the stem cannot be traced farther back. From this word French éblouir, ‘to dazzle,’ is borrowed.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/blinken

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry blinken. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ blinken, verb, ‘to gleam, twinkle, blink,’ first occurs in Modern High German; related to blank, blink, adjective; compare Dutch blinken, Middle English blinken, English to blink. The root may be identical with that of bleichen (blîkan), the i-root becoming nasalised; blinken would then be regarded as a verb of the e classical and blank a secondary form.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Ding

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Ding | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Ding, n., ‘thing, matter, transaction,’ from MidHG. and OHG. dinc(g), n., ‘thing, matter,’ prop. ‘judicial proceeding,
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Dock

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Dock | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Dock, n., ‘dock,’ simply ModHG; from the equiv. E. dock, the origin of which is very obscure. From E. and Du. (dok) the word was adopted by Swed., Dan., ModHG., and ModFr.