OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Wyoming (county)

Edition of 1879. See also Wyoming County, New York; Wyoming County, Pennsylvania; and Wyoming County, West Virginia, on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
WYOMING. I. A W. county of New York, bounded S. E. by the Genesee river, and drained by affluents of that stream, and Tonawanda, Buffalo, and other creeks; area, 590 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 29,164; in 1875, 30,595. The surface is generally broken and hilly, and the soil fertile and well adapted to stock raising. It is intersected by the Erie railroad. The chief productions in 1870 were 272,372 bushels of wheat, 193,249 of Indian corn, 514,862 of oats, 164,958 of barley, 42,314 of buckwheat, 58,834 of peas and beans, 243,624 of potatoes, 1,561,291 lbs. of butter, 709,935 of cheese, 255,661 of wool, and 105,118 tons of hay. There were 9,529 horses, 24,331 milch cows, 10,862 other cattle, 56,823 sheep, and 7,294 swine; 6 manufactories of agricultural implements, 2 of bricks, 31 of carriages and wagons, 32 of cheese, 1 of wrapping paper, 13 tanneries, 23 flour mills, 2 woollen mills, and 15 saw mills. Capital, Warsaw. II. A N. E. county of Pennsylvania, intersected by the North branch of the Susquehanna river, and drained by Tunkhannock, Mahoopeny, and other large creeks; area, 345 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 14,585. The surface is generally hilly or mountainous, Mahoopeny, Tunkhannock, Knob, and Bowman's mountains occupying a portion. The soil is fertile. Timber, coal, and iron are very abundant. It is intersected by the North Branch canal, and by the Delaware, Lackawanna, and Western and the Lehigh Valley railroads. The chief productions in 1870 were 71,891 bushels of wheat, 38,334 of rye, 187,213 of Indian corn, 250,048 of oats, 124,983 of buckwheat, 286,525 of potatoes, 449,532 lbs. of butter, 18,615 of wool, and 17,258 tons of hay. There were 2,987 horses, 5,814 milch cows, 4,908 other
cattle, 6,857 sheep, and 3,398 swine; 13 manufactories of carriages and wagons, 4 of iron castings, 8 tanneries, 3 currying establishments, 11 flour mills, and 18 saw mills. Capital, Tunkhannock. III. A S. county of West Virginia, bordering S. W. on Virginia and drained by the branches of Sandy and Guyandotte rivers; area, about 500 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 3,171, of whom 41 were colored. The surface is mountainous, and the greater part covered with forests of valuable timber. Great Flat Top mountain extends along the S. E. border. The soil is moderately fertile. The chief productions in 1870 were 2,150 bushels of wheat, 57,899 of Indian corn, 11,073 of oats, 5,962 of Irish and 2,269 of sweet potatoes, 32,329 lbs. of butter, 5,630 of wool, and 594 tons of hay. There were 345 horses, 1,042 milch cows, 1,582 other cattle, 2,827 sheep, and 3,338 swine. Capital, Oceana.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Yankton (city)

Edition of 1879. See also Yankton, South Dakota on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
YANKTON, a city and the capital of Dakota territory, county seat of Yankton co., on the N. bank of the Missouri river, 980 m. above its junction with the Mississippi, and 7 m. above the mouth of the Dakota, about 500 m. W. by N. of Chicago; lat. 42° 45′ N., lon. 97° 30′ W.; pop. in 1870, 737; in 1876, locally estimated at 3,600. It is beautifully situated on a smooth plateau, surrounded on the north and west by smooth high slopes. The river bank
is here high and protected by stone. The site comprises about 800 acres. The streets cross each other at right angles, those running E. and W. being 80 ft. wide and those N. and S. 100 ft., except Broadway, which is 130 ft., and Douglas avenue, 120 ft. The buildings are chiefly of wood, but there are many brick and stone blocks and residences. The city is the W. terminus of the Dakota Southern railroad, which connects at Sioux City, Iowa, with lines for the east. The shipments of produce and receipts of lumber and farm machinery are important. It is the point of reshipment of government supplies for many military posts and Indian agencies on or near the river above. The Missouri river transportation company runs ten steamers of from 250 to 400 tons from this point during the season of navigation as far as Fort Benton, Montana. Yankton is also a depot of supplies for the Black hills. There are four large grain elevators, railroad machine shops, a foundery and machine shop, a tobacco and cigar factory, two breweries, two flouring mills, a national bank, two private banks, and two large hotels. The city has excellent free public schools, including a high school, with fine new buildings and an enrollment of more than 600 out of a school population (5 to 21 years) of 867. A daily and three weekly (one German) newspapers are published. The territorial library contains 2,100 volumes, that of the historical society 1,300, and the ladies' library 600. There are seven churches (Baptist, Congregational, Episcopal, Lutheran, Mennonite, Methodist, and Roman Catholic).—Yankton derives its name from the Yankton band of Sioux Indians, who formerly occupied the site as their council ground. They ceded the region to the United States in 1859, when a trading post was established. The city was incorporated in 1869, and reincorporated in 1873.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Yankee

Edition of 1879. See also Yankee on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
YANKEE, a familiar term applied in the United States to the inhabitants of the New England states, and after the outbreak of the civil war of 1861 employed by the inhabitants of the seceded states to designate those who remained loyal to the government. Foreigners have generally applied the term indiscriminately, and habitually in a disparaging sense, to all inhabitants of the United States. Of the many etymologies assigned to the word, the most probable is that of Heckewelder, viz.: that it is a corruption of the word English by the North American Indians, who pronounced it Yenghees or Yanghees.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Wyss, Johann Rudolf

Edition of 1879. See also Johann Rudolf Wyss on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
WYSS, Johann Rudolf, a Swiss author, born in Bern, March 13, 1781, died there, March 30, 1830. He was educated at German universities, and in 1806 became professor of philosophy in the academy at Bern, and subsequently chief librarian. His works include Vorlesungen über das höchste Gut (2 vols., Tübingen, 1811); Der schweizerische Robinson (Bern, 1813), translated into numerous languages, and known in English as “The Swiss Family Robinson;” Idyllen, Volkssagen, Legend und Erzählungen aus der Schweiz (3 vols., 1815-'22; partly translated into French in Mme. de Montolieu's Châteaux suisses, 1816); and Reise im Berner Oberland (1808; French translation, 2 vols., Bern, 1817).
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Yankee Doodle

Edition of 1879. See also Yankee Doodle on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
YANKEE DOODLE, a tune that since the revolutionary war has been popular in the United States, and has become one of our national airs. It was known as long ago as the reign of Charles I., being then sung to the nursery rhyme “Lucy Lockit lost her pocket.” In the time of Cromwell it was sung to the following rhyme, in which the words by which it is known first appear:
* Yankee Doodle came to town
* Upon a Kentish pony;
* He stuck a feather in his hat,
* And called him Maccaroni.”
It is supposed to have been written to satirize Cromwell. The tune was played by the British bands in colonial times, and during the American revolution various doggerel verses were sung to it, many of them in ridicule of the Americans. In 1861 the legislature of South Carolina, by enactment, forbade the use of the tune in that state.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Wythe

Edition of 1879. See also Wythe County, Virginia on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
WYTHE, a S. W. county of Virginia, intersected by the Great Kanawha (here called the New) river; area, about 600 sq. m; pop. 1870 11,611, of whom 2,342 were colored, is mostly an elevated plateau, lying between
Iron mountain on the south and Walker's mountain on the northwest, and the soil is generally fertile. Iron ore, lead, bituminous coal, limestone, and gypsum are very abundant, and there are traces of silver found in the lead mines. It is intersected by the Atlantic, Mississippi, and Ohio railroad. The chief productions in 1870 were 71,913 bushels of wheat, 17,913 of rye, 115,175 of Indian corn, 79,234 of oats, 17,057 of potatoes, 86,144 lbs. of butter, 19,827 of wool, and 4,445 tons of hay. There were 2,176 horses, 2,376 milch cows, 5,550 other cattle, 7,442 sheep, and 8,160 swine; 3 manufactories of pig iron, 1 of pig lead, and 6 flour mills. Capital, Wytheville.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/X

Edition of 1879. See also X on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
X, THE 24th letter of the English alphabet. It represents in English, and generally in French also, the combined sounds of cs as in the word texture, and of gs as in the word example, except at the beginning of words, where it has the sound of z. Its form and position in the alphabet are apparently borrowed from those of the Greek χ, while its sound is that of ξ, the 14th letter of the Greek alphabet. In Italian it is not used, s and c being substituted for it, as in esatto, exact, eccellente, excellent. In Spanish it has at the end of syllables the same value as in English; at their beginning it is, like the Spanish j, a guttural, nearly equivalent to the German ch. In Portuguese it represents several sounds, but most frequently that of the English sh. In Russian the X represents the sound, as it retains the character, of the Greek χ. As a Latin numeral, X stands for 10; the Greek ξ stood for 60, and χ for 600.
# The Bar-tender's Guide/Claret Cup

Claret Cup.
* Take 1 bottle of claret.
* Take ½ pint of cold water.
* Take 1 table-spoonful of powdered sugar.
* Take 1 tea-spoonful of powdered cinnamon, cloves and allspice, mixed.
* Take 1 small lemon.
Mix the ingredients well together, adding the thin rind of the lemon. This is a nice summer beverage for evening parties.
# The Bar-tender's Guide/Coffee Cocktail

Coffee Cocktail.
(Use a large bar-glass.)
* Take 1 tea-spoonful powdered white sugar.
* Take 1 fresh egg.
* Take 1 large wine-glass of port wine.
* Take 1 pony of brandy.
* Take 2 or 3 lumps of ice.
Break the egg into the glass, put in the sugar, and lastly the port wine, brandy and ice.
Shake up very thoroughly. and strain into a medium bar goblet. Grate a little nutmeg on top before serving.
The name of this drink is a misnomer, as coffee and bitters are not to be found among its ingredients, but it looks like coffee when it has been properly concocted, and hence probably its name.
# The Bar-tender's Guide/Cold Brandy Toddy

Cold Brandy Toddy.
(Use small bar-glass.)
* Take 1 tea-spoonful of fine white sugar.
* Take ½ wine-glass of water. ​
* Take 1 wine-glass of brandy.
* Take 1 lump of ice.
Dissolve the sugar in the water, add the brandy and ice, and stir with a spoon.
# The Bar-tender's Guide/Cider Punch

Cider Punch.
* Take ½ pint of Sherry.
* Take 1 glass of brandy.
* Take 1 bottle of cider.
* Take ¼ pound of sugar.
* Take 1 lemon.
Pare the peel of half the lemon very thin; pour the Sherry upon it; add the sugar, the juice of the lemon, and the cider, with a little grated nutmeg. Mix well and place it on ice. When cold, add the brandy and a few pieces of cucumber rind.
# The Bar-tender's Guide/Claret Cup, à la Lord Saltoun

Claret Cup, à la Lord Saltoun.
* Take 1 bottle of claret.
* Take 1 bottle of soda waiter. ​
* Take 1 glass of Sherry.
* Take 1 lemon.
* Take 1 sprig of verbena.
Peel off the rind of the lemon, and add some powdered sugar. Pour upon them the Sherry and claret, and sweeten to taste. Add a sprig of verbena and the soda-water, with nutmeg if desired. Strain and ice it well.
# The Bar-tender's Guide/Claret Punch

Claret Punch.
(Use large bar-glass.)
* Take 1 tea-spoonful of fine sugar.
* Take 1 slice of lemon.
* Take 1 slice of orange (cut in quarters).
Fill the tumbler two-thirds full of shaved ice, then pour in the claret until the glass is full, shake well, and ornament with berries in season. Serve with a straw.
To make a quantity of claret punch, see Index, “Imperial Punch.”
# The Bar-tender's Guide/Cold Brandy Flip

Cold Brandy Flip.
(Use large bar-glass.)
* Take 1 tea-spoonful powdered sugar.
* Take 1 wine-glass of brandy.
* Take ½ wine-glass of water.
* Take 1 fresh egg.
* Take 2 lumps of ice.
Dissolve the sugar in the water, add the brandy, egg, and ice, shake up thoroughly, strain into a small bar-glass. Serve with a little nutmeg on top.
# The Bar-tender's Guide/Claret Cobbler

Claret Cobbler.
(Use large bar-glass.)
This drink is made the same way as the Catawba cobbler, using Claret wine instead of Catawba.
# The Bar-tender's Guide/Claret Cup, à la Brunow

Claret Cup, à la Brunow.
(For a party of ten.)
* Take 1½ bottle of Claret.
* Take ⅓ pint of Curacoa.
* Take ½ pint of sherry.
* Take ¼ pint of brandy.
* Take 1 wine-glass of raspberry ratafia (see Index).
* Take 1½ oranges in slices.
* Take ½ a lemon in slices.
* Take 1 bottle of Seltzer water.
* Take 1½ bottle of soda-water.
Stir all these together with some sprigs of green balm and borage, and a small piece of cucumber-rind; sweeten with capillaire or powdered sugar until it ferments; let it stand one hour, strain and ice it well. Serve in small glasses.
This is a preparation highly esteemed in Russia.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Dilman

Edition of 1879. See also Salmas on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​DILMAN, a town of Persia, in the province of Azerbijan, 75 m. W. by N. of Tabriz, on a stream flowing E. into the N. end of Lake Urumiah, 10 m. distant; pop. about 15,000. It is a modern town, situated in an extensive and fertile valley, and surrounded by gardens, with more cleanly streets than those of older Persian towns. About 4 m. W. is a decayed ancient town of the same name.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Dismal Swamp, Great

Edition of 1879. See also Great Dismal Swamp on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
DISMAL SWAMP, Great, a large morass in Virginia and North Carolina, extending 40 m. S. from near Norfolk in the former state, and 25 m. E. and W. The soil consists of black vegetable matter to the depth of 15 ft., saturated with water, yielding to the tread of man, and during a large part of the year covered in many places with stagnant pools. Several small streams flow through it, and in the centre is Lake Drummond, 6 m. long and 3 m. wide, the surface of which is 21 ft. above tide water. The swamp is for the most part covered with a dense growth of cypress, juniper, gum, and cedar, and upon the drier ridges that intersect it are found the beech and oak. Much of the most valuable timber, however, has been cut down, and large quantities have been obtained from beneath the surface, where the fallen trunks have been preserved by the wetness of the soil. The Seaboard and Roanoke and the Norfolk and Petersburg railroads pass through the N. border. The great channel of transportation is the Dismal Swamp canal, made by the assistance of the national government and the state of Virginia, which connects the W. branch of Elizabeth river with the Pasquotank. It is 6 ft. deep, supplied chiefly by Lake Drummond, with which it is connected by a feeder, and passes for 20 m. through the swamp, affording an outlet not only for timber but for much of the agricultural produce of the E. part of North Carolina. Steam power is used upon it, and the tolls amount to about $20,000 a year. The Chesapeake and Albemarle canal also passes through the swamp, connecting the E. branch of Elizabeth river with Currituck sound, and admits vessels of considerable size. In 1870, 4,382 vessels of all classes passed through it, and the revenue from tolls and towage was $58,734. This canal contains a single lock, 40 by 220 ft., and is fed by tidal action. Several minor canals connect the mainland with Lake Drummond. A stage road runs parallel to the Dismal Swamp canal from the N. border to Elizabeth City, N. C. Roads are made in the swamp by laying logs 8 or 10 ft. long side by side on the surface of the soil or “sponge.” They are passable by mules and
oxen, but carrying is done mostly by hand to the creeks and ditches communicating with the canals.—The productions of the Dismal Swamp consist chiefly of ship timber, boards, shingles, staves, railroad ties, and fire wood. It is especially noted for its shingles. A large force of colored men is employed during the drier months of the year in preparing the lumber for market. Its dimensions were first accurately estimated by Col. William Byrd in 1728, while engaged in surveying the boundary of Virginia and North Carolina. An account of his passage through the swamp has been preserved in the Westover MSS.—Along the coast of North Carolina are the Little Dismal and several smaller swamps, covering in the aggregate about 2,000,000 acres. They were once noted retreats of runaway slaves. (See Bog.)
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Dime

Edition of 1879. See also Dime (United States coin) and Half dime on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​DIME (Fr. dîme, contraction of dixième, a tenth), a silver coin of the United States, of the value of 10 cents, or 1/10 of a dollar. It was first coined in 1796, in pursuance of the act of April 2, 1792, in which year pattern pieces were struck. Its legal standards have been as follows: by act of April 2, 1792, fineness 892.4 thousandths, weight 41.6 grains; by act of Jan. 18, 1837, fineness 900 thousandths, weight 41¼ grains; by act of Feb. 21, 1853, fineness 900 thousandths, weight 38.4 grains. The half dime, of proportional weight and like fineness, was authorized by the same acts. These coins, which previous to Feb. 21, 1853, had been a legal tender for any amount, were by the act of that date made a legal tender only for sums not exceeding $5. By the act of Feb. 12, 1873, the half dime was discontinued, and the weight of the dime was fixed at 38.58 grains, or one fifth that of the half dollar. The number of pieces coined to June 30, 1873, was: dimes 89,854,925, half dimes 97,547,938; total, 187,402,863; value, $13,862,889 40.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Dinagepoor

Edition of 1879. See also Dinajpur on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​DINAGEPOOR, a town of Bengal, India, capital of a district of the same name, in lat. 25° 84′ N., lon. 88° 45′ E., 210 m. N. of Calcutta; pop. about 30,000. The town has a large square in the centre surrounded with shops, but there are no public buildings of any consequence, although it is the seat of the British judicial and revenue courts. There are no temples and but one mosque, which is small and without architectural pretensions. The dwellings of the Europeans are large and commodious, but exhibit no taste, while those of the natives are mere huts. The trade of the place is inconsiderable.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Dippel, Johann Konrad

Edition of 1879. See also Johann Conrad Dippel on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
DIPPEL, Johann Konrad, a German mystic and rationalist, born at the castle of Frankenstein, Hesse, Aug. 10, 1673, died at Berleburg, April 25, 1734. He was the son of a clergyman, and at an early age showed a strong interest in religious matters. He studied theology at Giessen and philosophy at Wittenberg, and went subsequently to Strasburg, where he led a disorderly life, and had to leave the city, it is said, on account of being implicated in a bloody affray. He frequently appeared as a preacher, and also as a lecturer on astrology and chiromancy, and published in 1697 a pamphlet entitled Orthodoxia Orthodoxorum, and in 1698 another, called Papismus Protestantium vapulans, in which he attacked the orthodox party, rejecting the doctrines of the atonement and of the efficacy of the sacraments. He was consequently obliged to lead a wandering life to avoid prosecution. Having squandered his property in experiments in alchemy, he went to Leyden, obtained the degree of doctor of medicine, and began to practise as a physician. He published subsequently some other pamphlets, one of which, entitled Alea Belli Muselmannici (Amsterdam, 1711), caused his exile from Holland. He went to Denmark, where he continued to declaim against the clergy and the churches, for which he was arrested and imprisoned. After his release he went to Sweden, where he practised as a physician with considerable success; but having
published a pamphlet regarded as heretical, he was expelled from the country and soon afterward died. He acquired much scientific knowledge and made some valuable discoveries. The main point of his doctrine was that Christianity consists solely in the practice of virtue, of self-denial, and love for mankind. He published his writings under the name of Christianas Democritus (collected under the title of Eröffneter Weg zum Frieden mit Gott und allen Creaturen, Amsterdam, 1709; enlarged ed., Berleburg, 1743). He attracted much notice in his day in Sweden and Germany, and is frequently mentioned by Swedenborg in his “Spiritual Diary.” His biography was written by Ackermann (Leipsic, 1781), and Buchner has given a memoir of him in the Historisches Taschenbuch for 1858.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Dimsdale, Thomas

Edition of 1879. See also Thomas Dimsdale on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​DIMSDALE, Thomas, an English physician, born at Thoydon-Garnon, Essex, in 1712, died in Hertford, Dec. 30, 1800. He was noted for his zeal in promoting inoculation for the smallpox, and was invited to Russia by Catharine II. in 1768, for the purpose of inoculating herself and her son. He afterward visited Frederick II. of Prussia at Sans-Souci, and then returned to England, where in 1776 he published a treatise on inoculation, which was translated into all the European languages. In 1780 he was elected to the house of commons, and in 1781 made a second professional visit to Russia. He also published several pamphlets on inoculation.
# The Bar-tender's Guide/Gin Sour

Gin Sour.
(Use small bar-glass.)
* Take 1 large tea-spoonful of white sugar dissolved in a little Seltzer or Apollinaris water. ​
* Take 2 or 3 dashes of lemon juice.
* Take 1 wine-glass of Holland or Old Tom gin.
Fill the glass full of shaved ice, shake up, and strain into a claret glass. Dress the top with orange, or pineapple and berries.
# The Bar-tender's Guide/Half and Half

Half and Half.
(Use metal or stone bar-mug.)
Mix half old and half new ale together.
This is the American method.
# The Bar-tender's Guide/Gin and Pine

Gin and Pine.
(Use wine-glass.)
Split a piece of the heart of a green pine log into fine splints, about the size of a cedar lead-pencil, take two ounces of the same and put into a quart decanter, and fill the decanter with gin.
Let the pine soak for two hours, and the gin will be ready to serve.
# The Bar-tender's Guide/Gin and Tansy

Gin and Tansy.
(Use wine-glass.)
Fill a quart decanter one-third full of tansy, and fill up the balance with gin. Serve to customers in a wine-glass.
# The Bar-tender's Guide/Hot Brandy Sling

Hot Brandy Sling.
(Use medium bar-glass, hot.)
* Take 1 small tea-spoonful of powdered sugar.
* Take 1 wine-glass full of brandy.
Dissolve the sugar in a little boiling water, add the brandy, and fill the glass two-thirds full of boiling water. Grate a little nutmeg on top and serve.
# The Bar-tender's Guide/Gin and Wormwood

Gin and Wormwood.
(Use small bar-glass.)
Put five or six sprigs of wormwood into a quart decanter, and fill up with gin. This is used in the rural districts as a sort of bitters, and is said to be a good tonic.
# The Bar-tender's Guide/Golden Fiz

Golden Fiz.
(Use large bar-glass.)
* Take 1 table-spoonful of fine white sugar.
* Take 3 dashes of lemon or lime juice.
* Take The yolk of one egg.
* Take 1 wine-glass of Old Tom gin.
* Take 2 or 3 small lumps of ice.
Shake up thoroughly, strain into a medium bar-glass, and fill it up with Seltzer water.