OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Post

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Post. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Post, feminine, ‘post, post-office,’ first occurs in early Modern High German, formed from Italian posta (French poste), which is based on Middle Latin posita, ‘standing-place’ (for horses?). Similarly Modern High German Posten, ‘post, station, item, entry,’ is derived from Italian posto, ‘place, post,’ which again comes from Middle Latin positus, ‘standing-place.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Prahm

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Prahm. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Prahm, masculine, ‘ferryboat, punt,’ Modern High German only, borrowed from Low German; compare Dutch praam, ‘transport,’ Danish pram, Old Icelandic prámr, English prame. The whole of the cognates are derived from Slavonic; compare Slavonic pramŭ, which is connected with the Aryan root par, ‘to carry across,’ preserved in High German fahren (Old High German faran).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Pracht

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Pracht. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Pracht, feminine, ‘state, pomp, magnificence,’ from Middle High German and Old High German praht, braht, masculine and feminine, ‘noise, shouting.’ The evolution ​in meaning is similar to that of hell; Middle High German brëhen, ‘to light, shine,’ may also have exercised some influence, as well as Modern High German prangen, the abstract of which could only be a form identical with Pracht. Old High German and Old Saxon braht, ‘noise,’ like the equivalent Anglo-Saxon breahtm, may be traced to a Teutonic root ƀrah, ‘to make a noise.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Posse

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Posse. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Posse, feminine, ‘drollery, fun, farce,’ first occurs in early Modern High German; corresponding to Dutch poets, pots. Old High German gibôsi, ‘tricks, nugae’ (compare böse), cannot be allied to it. In earlier Modern High German Posse also signified the decoration, the accessories in works of art; hence the word has been connected with French ouvrage à bosse, ‘work in relief’ (compare Italian bozzo, ‘rough stone, stone blocks,’ bozzetto, ‘slight sketch’; also English bosh?).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Pott

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Pott. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Pott, masculine, ‘pot,’ a Low German word; compare Dutch pot, English pot, and the equivalent Scandinavian pottr. From the Teutonic cognates are derived those of French pot and Spanish pote. The Teutonic word is said to be of Keltic origin; compare Welsh pot, Gaelic poit. Topf is not akin. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Pranger

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Pranger. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Pranger, masculine, from the equivalent Middle High German pranger, branger, masculine, ‘stocks, pillory.’ It is impossible to regard this word as a euphemistic term connected with prangen, on account of Dutch prang, ‘pressure, oppression,’ prangen, ‘to press, squeeze,’ pranger, ‘iron collar, barnacles, cooper's hook,’ English dialectic prong, ‘fork.’ These words show that Low German Pranger (the High German dialects have Pfranger) is connected with Gothic praggan, Middle High German pfrengen, ‘to crowd, oppress.’ The further history of the word is obscure.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hacke

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Hacke. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hacke, feminine, ‘heel,’ properly a Middle German and Low German word (in Upper German Ferse); compare Dutch hak; not recorded in Middle High German, but it occurs once in the transition period from Old High German to Middle High German (hachun, ‘heels’); usually derived from hacken. On account of its meaning, it is more probably related to Dutch hiel, Anglo-Saxon hôh, ‘heel,’ hêla, feminine (for *hôhila), English heel, and the equivalent Scandinavian hœ̂ll, masculine.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hader

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Hader. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hader (1.), masculine, ‘contention, strife, brawl,’ from Middle High German hader, masculine, ‘quarrel, strife’; unrecorded in Old High German. For this word Old Teutonic has most frequently a derivative in u- (w-), signifying ‘battle,’ which appears in West Teutonic only as the first part of compounds; Anglo-Saxon heaþo-, Old High German hadu- (Gothic *haþu-). In Scandinavian Hǫð is the name of a Valkyre, and Hǫðr that of a mythological king and the brother of Balder; the names are probably based upon Haþu-z, an Old Teutonic war-god. With these Κότυς, the name of a Thracian goddess, has been compared. The following, however, are certainly allied: — Old Slovenian kotora, feminine, ‘battle,’ Irish cath, masculine, ‘battle’ (with which Keltic Catu-rîges, proper noun, literally ‘war-kings,’ is connected), Indian çátru-s, ‘enemy’; perhaps too Greek κότος, κοτέω; a derivative in r, like Hader, is preserved in Old Slovenian kotora, ‘battle’; see also Haß. In German the old form haþu became obsolete at an early period, being supplanted by Kampf and Krieg, but it was retained in Old High German as the first component in some compound proper names, such as Hadubrant; Modern High German Hedwig is Old High German Haduwîg, ‘battle strife.’ Similarly appears Old High German hilta, feminine, ‘battle,’ in Middle High German only in proper names, such as Hildebrandt, Brünhilt, &c. It would be very interesting to find out why the Old Teutonic words gave place to the later forms.
Hader (2.), masculine, ‘rag, tatter, clout,’ from Middle High German hader, masculine, ‘patch, torn piece of stuff,’ Old High German hadara, feminine, ‘patch, rag’; also with a suffix l, Middle High German hadel, from which French haillon is borrowed. The word does not seem to have been diffused in the Teutonic group. It is not allied to Hader (1.); the two words are based on different stems. Hader, ‘patch’ (from Teutonic haþrô, Aryan kátrâ), is either connected with the nasalised stem kant- in Latin cento, Greek κέντρων, ‘garment made of rags,’ Sanscrit kanthâ, feminine, ‘patchwork garment,’ or with Sanscrit çithirá, ‘loose, unbound.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Haar

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Haar. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Haar (1.), masculine, ‘flax,’ from the equivalent Middle High German har, Old High German haro (genitive Middle High German and Old High German harwes), masculine; Gothic *harwa- (genitive *harwis) is also implied by Old Icelandic hǫrr (dative hǫrve), masculine, ‘flax.’ As to its connection with Haar (2.) see the latter. Perhaps the word is most closely related to English hards (‘refuse of flax, tow’). See Hede.
Haar (2.), neuter, ‘hair,’ from the equivalent Middle High German and Old High German hâr, neuter; compare the corresponding Old Icelandic hâr, neuter, Anglo-Saxon hœ̂r, neuter, English hair, Dutch haar; a common Teutonic word (in Gothic, however, tagl and skuft). The following Teutonic words are also primitively allied — Old Icelandic haddr and Anglo-Saxon heord, ‘hair’ (Gothic *hazda), as well as Irish cass, ‘curled hair.’ In the non-Teutonic languages compare Old Slovenian kosmŭ, masculine, kosa (Lithuanian kasa), feminine, ‘hair,’ and probably also Old Slovenian čésati, ‘to comb,’ Latin carere, ‘to card wool.’ The more definite relations in sound existing between these words are difficult to determine (compare also Greek κόμη, Latin coma?). On the other hand, there is no phonetic difficulty in connecting the Teutonic *hera-, ‘hair,’ with harwa-, deduced under Haar (1.); the mere possibility is, however, all that can be maintained. Compare also Locke and kraus. — An old derivative of Haar, Anglo-Saxon hœ̂re, Old High German hârâ, hârrâ, feminine, ‘hair shirt, coarse garment,’ found its way into Romance (French haire).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Haber

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Haber. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Haber (Upper German), masculine, ‘oats, from the equivalent Middle High German haber, habere, masculine, Old High German habaro, masculine. The form Hafer first occurs in Modern High German; like Roggen, it is derived from Low German; Old Low German haƀoro, havoro (now hawer), Dutch haver. Also allied to Old Swedish hafre, hagre, and farther to Finnish kakra, borrowed from Teutonic. In English the word is wanting, but is found a few times in Middle English, which, like Northern English (haver), borrowed it from Scandinavian. The English term is oats, from Anglo-Saxon âta (yet Scotch haver occurs even in the Middle English period). In investigating the origin of the German cognates, the g in Old Swedish hagre (Finnish kakra) must be taken into account. The usual derivation from Old Icelandic hafr, Anglo-Saxon hœfer, masculine, ‘he-goat’ (Latin caper, Greek κάπρος, compare Habergeiß), is therefore impossible, especially since this word belongs to the dialects in which Hafer is wanting; Hafer too must have been the favourite food of the goat ere it could be thus named. Perhaps Greek κάχρυς, ‘parched barley’ (Aryan base khaghru-), or Latin avena, ‘oats’ (Aryan base khaghwes), are primitively allied.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Habergeiß

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Habergeiß. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Habergeiß, feminine, ‘common snipe,’ not found in the earlier periods; Haber- in this compound is the only remnant of the old name for a goat (Anglo-Saxon hœfer, Old Icelandic hafr; Greek κάπρος, Latin caper) in German; the bird is so called because at the pairing season it utters high in the air a sound like the distant bleating of a goat. See Bock and Haber.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Habicht

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Habicht. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Habicht, masculine (with a dental suffix as in Hüste and Mond, &c.), ‘hawk,’ from the equivalent Middle High German habich, habech (also hebech, modified), masculine, Old High German habuh, masculine; a common Teutonic term by chance not recorded in Gothic; compare Old Saxon *haƀoc (in the proper names Haƀuchorst, Haƀocasbrôc), Dutch havik, Anglo-Saxon heafoc, English hawk, Old Icelandic haukr (for *hǫƀukr). The Gothic form would be *habaks, with a suffix aks-, as in ahaks, ‘pigeon’ (compare also Kranich, Lerche); compare the consonantal suffix in Greek ὀρτυγ-, ‘quail.’ Against the derivation from the stem hab, haf, in heben, originally, ‘to take firm hold of, lay hold of’ there is nothing to object from the Teutonic point of view; Italic capus, ‘hawk,’ is certainly derived from the root kap (capio). The Keltic cognates, Welsh hebauc, Old Irish sebocc, ‘falcon,’ are undoubtedly borrowed from Teutonic. Compare also Falke.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gürtel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Gürtel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gürtel, masculine, ‘girdle,’ from the equivalent Middle High German gürtel, masculine and feminine, Old High German gurtil, masculine, gurtila, feminine. Compare English girdle, from Anglo-Saxon gyrdel.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Habe

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Habe. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Habe, feminine, ‘possession; handle,’ from Middle High German habe, Old High German haba, feminine, ‘goods, possession’; Dutch have, ‘possession’; allied to the following word.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hach

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Hach. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hach, masculine, ‘fellow,’ from Middle High German hache, ​masculine, ‘fellow, churl’; allied to Middle High German hę̂chel, feminine, ‘artful woman, match-maker.’ The derivation is not clear, since cognate terms in Old Teutonic are wanting.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schicksel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schicksel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schicksel, neuter, ‘young girl,’ Modern High German only, formed from Hebrew and Jewish schickzah, ‘Christian girl,’ Hebrew schikkûz, literally ‘abomination.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Scherge

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Scherge. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Scherge, masculine, ‘beadle, sergeant,’ from Middle High German schęrge, schęrje, masculine (for the change of rg to rj, Modern High German rg, see Ferge ‘usher (of a court), bailiff, beadle’ Old High German scęrjo, scario, scaro, ‘captain, leader of a troop’; a derivative of Schar.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Scherz

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Scherz. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Scherz, masculine, ‘joke, jest,’ from Middle High German schërz, masculine, ‘pleasure, play’; allied to Modern High German scherzen, verb, from Middle High German schërzen, ‘to cut capers, hop, amuse oneself’; compare Middle High German scharz, ‘leap.’ These cognates, which are found neither in the Middle High German classical writers, in Old High German, nor in Old Teutonic generally, are met with, however, in Italian scherzare, ‘to jest,’ borrowed from German.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Scheune

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Scheune. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Scheune, feminine (unknown to Upper German), ‘barn, shed,’ from the equivalent Middle High German schiune, feminine, which is derived by the loss of the g (equal to j?) from Old High German scugin, scugina, ‘barn.’ If the g is equal to j, Scheuer (Middle High German schiure) is closely allied. If this is not the case, No certain connecting link has been discovered.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schicht

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schicht. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schicht. feminine, ‘layer, stratum, day's work,’ from Middle High German schiht, feminine, ‘history, affair, accident, arrangement, division, row of things laid on one another, layer, beds of soil, day's work (in mines)’; allied to (ge)schehen; see Geschichte.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schiedsrichter

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schiedsrichter. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schiedsrichter, masculine, ‘arbiter,’ Modern High German only, in Middle High German schideman; allied to Middle High German schit (genitive schides), ‘judicial decision,’ akin to Old High German scidôn, ‘to separate, distinguish, decide.’ The Teutonic root skiþ is connected with scheiden.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Scheu

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Scheu. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Scheu, feminine, ‘shyness, reserve, timidity,’ from Middle High German schiuhe, feminine, ‘shyness, horror,’ also ‘bugbear, scarecrow,’ whence Modern High German Scheuche. Allied to scheuen, scheuchen, verb, from Middle High German schiahen, ‘to be shy of, avoid, scare or chase away,’ Old High German sciuhen. Both the noun and verb are derivatives of Middle High German schiech, Old High German *scioh, ‘shy, bashful.’ Modern High German scheu, adjective, is based anew on the verb; compare Anglo-Saxon sčeóh, ‘timid,’ to which English shy is allied; Dutch schuw, ‘timid, shy.’ From the German cognates Italian schivare, ‘to avoid,’ is derived. See Scheusal.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Scheusal

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Scheusal. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Scheusal, neuter, ‘object of horror, monster,’ a derivative of scheu, like late Middle High German schûsel, ‘monster, scarecrow.’ To this is allied Modern High German scheußlich, corrupted from Middle High German schiuzlich, ‘shy, despairing,’ which is connected with schiuzen, ‘to feel horror,’ from *schiuhezen (allied to scheuen, Middle High German schiuhen).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Scherflein

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Scherflein. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Scherflein, neuter, ‘mite’ (coin), from the Middle High German schërf, Old High German scërf, neuter, ‘mite, very small coin’; compare Middle Low German scharf, schërf, ‘one-seventeenth of a penny’; allied to Anglo-Saxon sčeorfan, ‘to tear off’?. Compare for a similar development of meaning Modern High German Deut, as well as Greek κέρμα, literally ‘part cut off,’ then ‘small coin.’ Scherbe is scarcely allied.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Scheuer

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Scheuer. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Scheuer, feminine (in Bavarian and East Suabian Stadel), ‘barn, shed,’ from the equivalent Middle High German schiure, Old High German sciura, feminine; a derivative of Old High German scûr, Middle High German schûr, ‘penthouse, protection,’ Modern High German (dialectic) Schauer. Compare Old Icelandic skjól, neuter, ‘place of refuge, shelter,’ skaunn, masculine, ‘shield.’ The Aryan root, skū̆, ‘to cover, protect’ (compare Schaum), contained in these words, is widely diffused; compare Latin scûtum, ‘shield,’ Greek σκῦ-λον, ‘armour,’ Latin ob-scûr-rus, ‘dark’ (covered), and the Sanscrit root sku ‘to cover.’ See Scheune and Schote.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Herr

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Herr. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Herr, masculine, ‘master, lord, gentleman, sir,’ from Middle High German hërre (hêre), masculine, Old High German hē̆rro (hêro), masculine; compare Old Saxon hêrro, Dutch heer, Old Frisian hêra, ‘lord’; properly a comparative of hehr (Old High German hêr), in Gothic *hairiza. In the Old High German period this origin was still recognised, as is seen by Old High German hêrero, ‘lord’ (see herrschen). Since the originally meaning of the adjective hehr was ‘venerable,’ Herr seems to have originated in the relation of the dependants to their master (compare Anglo-Saxon hlaford, ‘bread guardian,’ under Laib), and was used chiefly as a term of address (see Jünger). Compare in Romance the words used in the same sense from Latin senior, viz., Italian signore, French seigneur. Herr is originally native to Germany, but in the form ​hearra it found is way at a very early period (about the 9th century) from the German lowlands to England, and later to Scandinavia (Modern Swedish herre, ‘master’). In Modern High German only a feminine Herrin has been formed from Herr (as in Italian signora from signore). The older language used Frau, Herr having supplanted the earlier frô (see under frohn).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Herz

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Herz. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Herz, neuter, ‘heart,’ from the equivalent Middle High German hërze, Old High German hërza, neuter; compare Old Saxon hęrta, Old Icelandic hjarta, Gothic haírtô, Anglo-Saxon heorte, and the equivalent English heart; the common Teutonic word for ‘heart,’ which may be traced back even to West Aryan. The Teutonic type hertôn-, from Aryan kerd (kṛd), corresponds to Latin cor, cor-dis, neuter, Greek καρδία and κῇρ for *κῆρδ, neuter, Lithuanian szirdìs, feminine, Old Slovenian srŭdĭce, neuter, Old Irish cride. The corresponding East Aryan word for ‘heart’ (Sanscrit hṛd, hṛdaya, Zend zaredaya), is usually dissociated on account of the initial sound (we should have expected Sanscrit *çṛd) from the West Aryan class.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Heu

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Heu. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Heu, neuter, ‘hay,’ from Middle High German höu, hou, houwe, neuter, ‘hay, grass,’ Old High German hęwi, houwi (properly nominative hęwi, genitive houwes, dative houwe), neuter, ‘hay.’ Compare Gothic hawi (genitive haujis), neuter, ‘hay, grass’ (with regard to the change of Gothic j into Old High German w and the consequent absence of mutation, see Frau, Au, Gau, &c.; in earlier Modern High German the unmutated form Hau is still retained); Old Saxon houwi, Anglo-Saxon hêg, hîg (with g for Gothic j as usual), neuter, Middle English hei, English hay, Old Icelandic hey, neuter, ‘hay’; common Teutonic hauja- (in the Gothic stem). Apparently from the root hau (see hauen), with the suffix -ja-, Heu, meaning ‘that which is to be cut.’ There is less probability of its being connected with Greek πόα (Ionian ποίην), ‘grass,’ from ποβίη, κβοξίη (Teutonic h equal to Greek τ for κε, both from Aryan k, as in ἵππος, equal to Latin equus, Greek ἕκεσθαι, equal to Latin sequi).