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# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Parker, Isaac

Edition of 1900.
​PARKER, Isaac, jurist, b. in Boston, Mass., 17 June, 1768; d. there, 26 May, 1830. He was graduated at Harvard in 1786, and, after teaching for several years, studied law and settled in Castine, Me., where he attained to eminence in his profession. He was elected to congress as a Federalist in 1796, served one term, and was U. S. marshal for the district of Maine in 1797-1801. He subsequently removed to Portland, in 1806 was appointed a judge of the supreme court of Massachusetts, in which state he then settled, and from 1814 until his death was presiding justice of that body. He was professor of law at Harvard in 1816-'27, president of the Massachusetts constitutional convention in 1820, and took a spirited part in debate when he was relieved from the duties of presiding officer. Harvard gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1814. “His fame,” says Chief-Justice Story, “must rest on the printed reports of his own decisions. These will go down to future ages.” He published an “Oration on Washington” (Boston, 1800) and a “Sketch of the Character of Chief-Justice Parsons” (1813).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Parker, Joel (clergyman)

Edition of 1900.
​PARKER, Joel, clergyman, b. in Bethel, Vt., 27 Aug., 1799; d. in New York city, 2 May, 1873. He was graduated at Hamilton in 1824, studied at Auburn theological seminary, and in 1826 was ordained pastor of the Presbyterian church in Rochester, N. Y. He organized the Dey street church in New York city in 1830, was pastor in New Orleans in 1832-'7, and, returning to New York, officiated at the Broadway tabernacle. He became president of Union theological seminary and professor of sacred rhetoric there in 1840, served two years and was subsequently pastor in Philadelphia, and in 1854-'63 of the Bleecker street Presbyterian church, New York city. His last pastorate was in Newark, ​N. J. Princeton gave him the degree of D. D. in 1839. Dr. Parker was a frequent contributor to the religious press, at one time was associate editor of the “Presbyterian Quarterly Review,” and published “Lectures on Unitarianism” (New York, 1829); “Morals for a Young Student” (1832); “Invitations to True Happiness” (1843); “Reasonings of a Pastor” (1849); “Notes on Twelve Psalms” (1849); “Sermons” (1852); and “Pastor's Initiatory Catechism” (1855). He also edited the “Sermons of Rev. John W. Adams,” with a memoir (1851).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Parker, James

Edition of 1900.
​PARKER, James, legislator, b. in Bethlehem, Hunterdon co., N. J., 3 March, 1776; d. in Perth Amboy, N. J., 1 April, 1868. His father, James, was one of the provincial council before the Revolution, an active member of the board of proprietors of the colony, and the owner of large landed property. James was graduated at Columbia in 1791, and became a merchant in New York city, but on the death of his father returned to Perth Amboy, N. J. He was in the legislature in 1806-'28, commissioner to fix the boundary-line between New Jersey and New York in 1827-'9, and collector of the port of Perth Amboy in 1829-'30. He was elected to congress as a Federalist in 1832, served two terms, and was in the State constitutional convention in 1844. He was a vice-president of the New Jersey historical society for many years, its president from 1864 till his death, was active in the cause of education, and gave the land to Rutgers college on which its buildings now stand. During his legislative career he originated the law that put an end to the local slave-trade in 1819, the one that established the school fund, and the provisions of the present law that regulates the partition of real estate in New Jersey and the rights of aliens to possess it. — His son, Cortlandt, lawyer, b. in Perth Amboy, N. J., 27 June, 1818, was graduated at Rutgers in 1836, admitted to the bar, and attained to eminence in that profession. He was one of the revisers of the laws of New Jersey in 1875, and a commissioner to settle the boundaries between that state and Delaware. He was successively offered the judgeship of the court of Alabama claims by President Grant, the mission to Russia by President Hayes, and that to Austria by President Arthur, but declined them all. He was several times an unsuccessful candidate for attorney-general of New Jersey and for the U. S. senate. Rutgers and Princeton gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1866.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Parker, Joel (governor)

Edition of 1900.
PARKER, Joel, governor of New Jersey, b. near Freehold, N. J., 24 Nov., 1816; d. in Philadelphia, Pa., 2 Jan., 1888. His father, Charles, was a member of the New Jersey legislature for several years, and served one term as state treasurer. Joel removed with his father to Trenton in 1821, was graduated at Princeton in 1839, studied law under Chief-Justice Henry W. Green, and settled in Freehold, N. J. He began his political career in 1844 as a Democratic speaker, and was in the assembly in 1847-'50, prosecuting attorney in 1852-'7, and a presidential elector in 1860, casting his vote for Stephen A. Douglas. He had been commissioned brigadier-general of militia in 1857, and in 1861 became major-general. He had ardently opposed the civil war, but when it began he actively supported the National government. He was elected governor of New Jersey in 1862, as a Democrat, served till 1866, and during his occupation of that office conducted the affairs of state with prudence and ability. During Lee's invasion of Pennsylvania in 1863 he supplied several organized regiments of New Jersey volunteers that were sent to the protection of that state, but when a levy of 12,000 men was made on New Jersey in 1864, to make good a supposed deficiency in her former quotas, he obtained from President Lincoln the withdrawal of the order. Gov. Parker also established a method of settlement of the war debt, so that not a bond of the state of New Jersey was sold below par, and at the close of the war in 1865 there was a surplus of $200,000 in the state treasury. He took strong grounds in favor of an amnesty toward those that had taken part in the war against the National government. In 1868 the New Jersey delegation to the National Democratic convention, in New York city, cast their full vote for him in every ballot for the presidential nomination. He was again elected governor in 1870, and at the conclusion of his term became attorney-general of the state. He was chosen a judge of the supreme court of New Jersey in 1880, and was re-elected in 1887, presiding over the central circuit of the state. In 1883 he declined the nomination for governor. Rutgers gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1872.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Parker, Joel (jurist)

Edition of 1900.
​PARKER, Joel, jurist, b. in Jaffrey, N. H., 25 Jan., 1795; d. in Cambridge, Mass., 17 Aug., 1875. He was graduated at Dartmouth in 1811, and began the practice of law in Keene, N. H., in 1815. He was in the legislature in 1824-'6, appointed associate justice of the supreme court of New Hampshire in 1833, and became chief justice in 1836. In 1840 he was chairman of the committee to revise the laws of the state. In 1847-'57 he was professor of medical jurisprudence at Dartmouth, and from 1847 until his death he was professor of law at Harvard. His publications, exclusive of law reports and periodical essays, include an address on “Progress” (Hanover, N. H., 1840); “Daniel Webster as a Jurist,” an address to the Harvard law-school (Cambridge, Mass., 1853); “A Charge to the Grand Jury on the Uncertainty of Law” (1854); “The Non-Extension of Slavery” (1856); “Personal Liberty Laws and Slavery in the Territories” (1861); “The Right of Secession” (1861); “Constitutional Law” (1862); “Habeas Corpus and Martial Law” (Philadelphia, 1862); “The War Powers of Congress and the President” (1863); “Revolution and Construction” (New York, 1866); “The Three Powers of Government” (1869); and “Conflict of Decisions” (Cambridge, 1875).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Parker, John Adams

Edition of 1900.
​PARKER, John Adams, artist, b. in New York city, 29 Nov., 1829. He received his education at New York university, and was a merchant from 1850 till 1857. He then studied art, exhibiting first at the Academy of design in 1858, since which time he has been a regular contributor. He was made an associate of the academy in 1869, and is a member of the Brooklyn art association and one of the founders of the Brooklyn art club. Since 1856 he has resided in that city. Mountain scenery has especially claimed his attention, and the Adirondacks, the Catskills, and the White mountains have furnished him with most of the subjects for his paintings. They include “Twilight in the Adirondacks” (1876); “Winter” (1879); “Winter Twilight” (1880); “Landscape in the Adirondacks — Twilight” (1882); “Winter Evening” (1884); “The Gothics — Adirondacks ” (1885); and “Close of a November Day, Ausable Pond, Adirondacks” (1886).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Parker, Nahum

Edition of 1900.
​PARKER, Nahum, senator, b. in Cheshire county, N. H., 4 March, 1760; d. in Fitzwilliam, N. H., 12 Nov., 1839. He was state councillor in 1805-'7, was elected to the U. S. senate in 1806, and served from 1807 till 1810, when he resigned. He was justice of the court of common pleas in 1813-'16, judge of the court of sessions of Cheshire county in 1821, and president of the New Hampshire senate in 1828,
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume IX/Origen on John/Origen's Commentary on the Gospel of John/Book X/Chapter 30

30. How Jesus Knew the Powers, Better or Worse, Which Reside in Man.
It may also be asked what signs those many saw Him do who believed on Him, for it is not recorded that He did any signs at Jerusalem, though some may have been done which are not recorded.  One may, however, consider if what He did may be called signs, when He made a scourge of small cords, and cast them all out of the temple, and the sheep, and the oxen, and poured out the changers’ money, and overthrew the tables. As for those who suppose that it was only about men that He had no need of witnesses, it has to be said that the Evangelist attributes to Him two things, that He knew all beings, and that He had no need that any one should testify of man. If He knew all beings, then He knew not only men but the beings above men, all beings who are without such bodies as ours; and He knew what was in man, since He was greater than those who reproved and judged by prophesying, and who brought to the light the secret things of the hearts of those whom the Spirit suggested to them to be thus dealt with. The words, “He knew what was in man,” could also be taken as referring to the powers, better or worse, which work in men. For if any one gives place to the devil, Satan enters into him; thus did Judas give place, and thus did the devil put it in his heart to betray Jesus, and “after the sop,” therefore, “the devil entered into him.” But if any one gives place to God, he becomes blessed; for blessed is the man whose help is from God, and the ascent is in his heart from God. Thou knowest what is in man, Thou who knowest all things, O Son of God. And now that our tenth book has come to be large enough we will here pause in our theme.

## Footnotes

* ↑ John xiii. 2–27.
* ↑ Ps. lxxxiv. 5.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume IX/Origen on John/Origen's Commentary on the Gospel of John/Book X/Chapter 29

29. About What Beings Jesus Needed Testimony.
The words, “He needed not that any should testify of man,” may fitly be used to show that the Son of God is able of Himself to see the truth about each man and is in no need of such testimony as any other could supply. The words, however, “He had no need that any should testify of man,” are not equivalent to “He had no need of testimony about any being.” If we take the word “man” to include every being who is according to the image of God, or every reasonable creature, then He will have no need that any should testify to Him of any reasonable being whatever, since He Himself, by the power given Him by the Father, knows them all. But if the term “man” be restricted to mortal animated reasonable beings, then it might be said, on the one hand, that He had need of testimony respecting the beings above man, and while His knowledge was adequate with regard to man it did not extend to those other beings. On the other hand, however, it might be said that He who humbled Himself had no need that any should testify to Him concerning man, but that He had such need in respect of beings higher than men.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume IX/Origen on John/Origen's Commentary on the Gospel of John/Book X/Chapter 3

3. What We are to Think of the Discrepancies Between the Different Gospels.
We must, however, try to obtain some notion of the intention of the Evangelists in such matters, and we direct ourselves to this. Suppose there are several men who, by the spirit, see God, and know His words addressed to His saints, and His presence which He vouchsafes to them, appearing to them at chosen times for their advancement. There are several such men, and they are in different places, and the benefits they receive from above vary in shape and character. And let these men report, each of them separately, what he sees in spirit about God and His words, and His appearances to His saints, so that one of them speaks of God’s appearances and words and acts to one righteous man in such a place, and another about other oracles and great works of the Lord, and a third of something else than what the former two have dealt with. And let there be a fourth, doing with regard to some particular matter something of the same kind as these three. And let the four agree with each other about something the Spirit has suggested to them all, and let them also make brief reports of other matters besides that one; then their narratives will fall out something on this wise: God appeared to such a one at such a time and in such a place, and did to him thus and thus; as if He had appeared to him in such a form, and had led him by the hand to such a place, and then done to him thus and thus. The second will report that God appeared at the very time of the foresaid occurrences, in a certain town, to a person who is named, a second person, and in a place far removed from that of the former account, and he will report a different set of words spoken at the same time to this second person. And let the same be supposed to be the case with the third and with the fourth. And let them, as we said, agree, these witnesses who report true things about God, and about His benefits conferred on certain men, let them agree with each other in some of the narratives they report. He, then, who takes the writings of these men for history, or for a representation of real things by a historical image, and who supposes God to be within certain limits in space, and to be unable to present to several persons in different places several visions of Himself at the same time, or to be making several speeches at the same moment, he will deem it impossible that our four writers are all speaking truth. To him it is impossible that God, who is in certain limits in space, could at the same set time be saying one thing to one man and another to another, and that He should be doing a thing and the opposite thing as well, and, to put it bluntly, that He should be both sitting and standing, should one of the writers represent Him as standing at the time, and making a certain speech in such a place to such a man, while a second writer speaks of Him as sitting.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume IX/Origen on John/Origen's Commentary on the Gospel of John/Book X/Chapter 25

25. Further Spiritualizing of Solomon’s Temple-Building.
It is worth while to enquire how, on the one hand, Solomon the king is said to have built the temple, and on the other the master-builder whom Solomon sent and fetched, “Hiram of Tyre, the son of a woman who was a widow; and he was of the tribe of Naphtali, and his father was a man of Tyre, a worker in brass, and filled with wisdom and understanding, to work all works in brass; and he was brought in to King Solomon and wrought all his works.” Here I ask whether Solomon can be taken for the first-born of all creation, and Hiram for the man whom he assumed, from the constraint of men—for the word Tyrians means “constrainers”—the man who derived his birth from nature, and being filled with all manner of art and wisdom and understanding, was brought in to cooperate with the first-born of all creation, and to build the temple. In this temple there are also windows, placed obliquely and out of sight, so that the illumination of the divine light may enter for salvation, and—why should I go into particulars?—that the body of Christ, the Church, may be found having the plan of the spiritual house and temple of God. As I said before, we require that wisdom which is hidden in a mystery, and which he alone can apprehend who is able to say, “But we have the mind of Christ,”—we require that wisdom to interpret spiritually each detail of what is said in accordance with the will of Him who caused it to be written. To enter into these details is not in accordance with our present subject. What has been said may suffice to let us understand how “He spake about the temple of His body.”

## Footnotes

* ↑ 1 Kings vii. 13.
* ↑ Coloss. i. 15.
* ↑ 1 Kings vi. 4.
# Articles of Faith

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Articles of Faith."
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This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* "Articles of Faith" in Pearl of Great Price
* "Articles of Faith," in Catholic Encyclopedia, (ed.) by Charles G. Herbermann and others, New York: The Encyclopaedia Press (1913)

## See also

* Articles of Religion
# Articles of Confederation

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Articles of Confederation."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Articles of Confederation (1777), the first governing document of the United States of America
* "Articles of Confederation," in The New Student's Reference Work, Chicago: F.E. Compton and Co. (1914)
# Articles of Capitulation of Fort Detroit

* related portals: War of 1812.
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Camp Detroit, August 10th, 1812.
Capitulation of surrendering Fort Detroit, entered into between Maj. Gen. Brock, commanding his Britannic Majesty's forces of the one part, and Brig. General Hull, commanding the Northwest army of the United States of the other part.
Article First. Fort Detroit, with all the troops, regulars as well as militia, will be immediately surrendered to the British forces under the command of Maj. Gen. Brock, and will be considered prisoners of war, with the exception of such of the militia of the Michigan Territory, as have not joined the army.
Article 2nd. All public stores, arms and public documents including everything also of public nature, will be immediately given up.
Article 3d. Private property and private persons of every description will be respected.
Article 4th. His excellency, Brig. Gen. Hull, having expressed a desire that a detachment from the state of Ohio on its way to join his army, as well as one sent from Fort Detroit, under the command of Col. McArthur, should be included in the above capitulation, it is accordingly agreed to.
It is, however, to be understood, that such parts of the Ohio militia as have not joined the army, will be permitted to return home on condition that they will not serve during the war; their arms, however, will be delivered up if belonging to the public.
Article 5th. The garrison will march out at the hour of 12 o'clock this day and the British forces take immediate possession of the fort.
J. McDonald, Lieut. Col. Militia, P. A. D. C. J. B. Glegg, Major, A. D. C. James Miller, Lieut. Col. 5th U. S. Inft. E. Brush, Col. 1st. Reg. Mich. Militia.
Approved,
Com. Hull, Brig. Gen.
Comm'g. N. W. Army.
Approved, Isaac Brock, Maj. Gen.
A true Copy: Robt. Nichol, Lieut. Col. & Qr. M. Gen. Militia.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
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# Articles of Confederation (US Congress)

* Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, the original version
* "Articles of Confederation" in United States Statutes at Large 1.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VI/Methodius/Banquet of the Ten Virgins/Thallousa/Part 5

Chapter V.—The Vow of Chastity, and Its Rites in the Law; Vines, Christ, and the Devil.
I will now endeavour to explain to you, O virgins, the rest of that which is prescribed; for this is attached to your duties, consisting of laws concerning virginity, which are useful as teaching how we should abstain, and how advance to virginity. For it is written thus: “And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying, Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When either man or woman shall separate themselves to vow a vow of a Nazarite, to separate themselves unto the Lord; he shall separate himself from wine and strong drink, and shall drink no vinegar of wine, or vinegar of strong drink, neither shall he drink any liquor of grapes, nor eat moist grapes, or dried, all the days of his separation.” And this means, that he who has devoted and offered himself to the Lord shall not take of the fruits of the plant of evil, because of its natural tendency to produce intoxication and distraction of mind. For we perceive from the Scriptures two kinds of vines which were separate from each other, and were unlike. For the one is productive of immortality and righteousness; but the other of madness and insanity. The sober and joy-producing vine, from whose instructions, as from branches, there joyfully hang down clusters of graces, distilling love, is our Lord Jesus, who says expressly to the apostles, “I am the true vine, ye are the branches; and my Father is the husbandman.” But the wild and death-bearing vine is the devil, who drops down fury and poison and wrath, as Moses relates, writing concerning him, “For their vine is of the vine of Sodom, and of the fields of Gomorrah: their grapes are grapes of gall, their clusters are bitter: their wine is the poison of dragons, and the cruel venom of asps.” The inhabitants of Sodom having gathered grapes from this, were goaded on to an unnatural and fruitless desire for males. Hence, also, in the time of Noah, men having given themselves up to drunkenness, sank down into unbelief, and, being overwhelmed by the deluge, were drowned. And Cain, too, having drawn from this, stained his fratricidal hands, and defiled the earth with the blood of his own family. Hence, too, the heathen, becoming intoxicated, sharpen their passions for murderous battles; for man is not so much excited, nor goes so far astray through wine, as from anger and wrath. A man does not become intoxicated and go astray through wine, in the same way as he does from sorrow, or from love, or from incontinence. And therefore it is ordered that a virgin shall not taste of this vine, so that she may be sober and watchful from the cares of life, and may kindle the shining torch of the light of righteousness for the Word. “Take heed to yourselves,” says the Lord, “lest at any time your hearts be overcharged with surfeiting, and drunkenness, and cares of this life, and so that day come upon you unawares, as a snare.”

## Footnotes

* ↑ Num. vi. 1–4.
* ↑ St. John xv. 1, 5.
* ↑ Deut. xxxii. 32, 33.
* ↑ Luke xxi. 34.