OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/D'Oyly, Thomas

​D'OYLY, THOMAS (fl. 1585), antiquary, the second son of Sir Henry D'Oyly, knight, of Pondhall in the parish of Hadleigh, Suffolk, by his wife Jane, daughter and sole heiress of William Ellwyn of Wiggenhall St. Germans, Norfolk, was born in or about 1530. Electing to follow the profession of the law, he was admitted a member of Gray's Inn in 1555 (Harl. MS. 1912, f. 27 b). In 1559 he is found acting as steward to Archbishop Parker (Strype, Life of Parker, 8vo ed. i. 116; Memorials of Cranmer, 8vo ed. i. 565). He soon rose into high favour with the archbishop, had the degree of D.C.L. conferred upon him, doubtless by the archbishop himself, and on the institution of the Society of Antiquaries by Parker, about 1572, became a member of it (Archæologia, i. ix, where he is confounded with Thomas D'Oylie, M.D. [q. v.]). Two of his contributions to the society are preserved in Hearne's ‘Collection of Curious Discourses’ (ed. 1771, i. 175–6, 183–4), from transcripts made by Dr. Thomas Smith from the Cotton MSS. The subject of one is ‘Of the Antiquity of Arms;’ the other (written in French) treats ‘Of the Etymology, Dignity, and Antiquity of Dukes.’ D'Oyly appears to have lived variously at Croydon, Surrey; at Layham, Suffolk; and at St. Dunstan's-in-the-West, London. He was alive in 1585. He was twice married: first, when scarcely seventeen, to Elizabeth, only child of Ralph Bendish of Topsfield Hall in Hadleigh, Suffolk, who died 2 Aug. 1553; and, secondly, at Hadleigh, 11 Feb. 1565, to Anne Crosse of that place. By both marriages he had issue. The eldest surviving son of the second marriage, Thomas D'Oyly, married Joane Baker, niece of Archbishop Parker (Parker Pedigree in Strype's Life of Parker, vol. iii., Appendix; Correspondence of Archbishop Parker, Parker Soc., p. xiii).
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/D'Ouvilly, George Gerbier

​D'OUVILLY, GEORGE GERBIER (fl. 1661), dramatist and translator, a Dutchman, was a connection of Sir Balthazar Gerbier, baron D'Ouvilly [q. v.], and, like him, was patronised by William, lord Craven. He joined Lord Craven's regiment in the Low Countries, and rose to be a captain. At the Restoration he was residing in London. He wrote an unacted tragi-comedy entitled ‘The False Favourite Disgrac'd, and the Reward of Loyalty,’ 12mo, London, 1657, a play with a well-constructed plot, but of uncouth diction. He also translated some biographies from the French of André Thevet, which, under the title of ‘Prosopagraphia, or some Select Pourtraitures and Lives of Ancient and Modern Illustrious Personages,’ forms the third part of William Lee's edition of North's ‘Plutarch,’ folio, London, 1657. Another performance was ‘Il Trionfo d'Inghilterra overo Racconto et Relatione delle Solennità fatte & osservate nella … Incoronatione … di Carlo Secondo … nel terzo giorno di Maggio, 1661, insieme con la descrittione degl' Archi Trionfali … e altre … dimostrationi d'Allegrezze … nella … Città di Londra … et anco la superba Cavalcata fatta … il giorno innanzi. … Il tutto transportato nella lingua Italiana, per il Capitan Giorgio Gerbieri D'Ouvilly,’ 4to, Venice, 1661.
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/D'Oyly, Charles

​D'OYLEY, Sir CHARLES, seventh baronet (1781–1845), Indian civilian and artist, was the elder son of Sir John Hadley D'Oyly, the sixth baronet, of Shottisham, Norfolk, formerly collector of Calcutta and M.P. for Ipswich, who restored the fortunes of the family, which had previously been at a low ebb through generations of spendthrifts. He was born in India on 18 Sept. 1781, and in 1785 accompanied his family to England, where he was educated. Having determined on entering the civil service of the East India Company, he sailed for Calcutta in his sixteenth year. He was appointed assistant to the registrar of the court of appeal at Calcutta in 1798, keeper of the records in the governor-general's office in 1803, collector of Dacca in 1808, collector of government customs and town duties at Calcutta in 1818, opium agent at Behar in 1821, commercial resident at Patna 1831, and finally senior member of the board of customs, salt, and opium, and of the marine board in 1833. After forty years of honourable service he was compelled by severe ill-health to return to England in 1838. The remainder of his life was chiefly spent in Italy, and he died at Leghorn on 21 Sept. 1845. D'Oyly was twice married, first, to his cousin, Marian Greer, and secondly to Elizabeth Jane, daughter of Thomas Ross, major R.A., but he left no direct issue, and was succeeded in the baronetcy by his brother, Sir John Hadley D'Oyly. D'Oyly was an amateur artist of some powers, and his drawings, chiefly illustrative of Indian customs and field sports, were highly commended by Bishop Heber, who calls him ‘the best gentleman artist he ever met with’ (Heber, Journey through the Upper Provinces of India, i. 314, 2nd edition). Several collections of them were published. ​‘The European in India, with a preface and copious descriptions by Captain Thomas Williamson, and a brief History of Ancient and Modern India by F. W. Blagdon,’ appeared in 1813, and a valuable work on the ‘Antiquities of Dacca,’ with engravings by John Landseer, from Sir Charles D'Oyly's drawings, was published in 1814–15. ‘Sketches on the New Road in a journey from Calcutta to Gyah’ appeared in 1830. He also published anonymously in 1828 ‘Tom Raw, the Griffin; a Burlesque Poem,’ illustrated by twenty-five engravings descriptive of the adventures of a cadet in the East India Company's service, which is more meritorious from an artistic than a literary point of view.
[D'Oyly Bayley's Account of the House of D'Oyly; Dodwell and Miles's Bengal Civil Servants, 1780–1838; Gent. Mag. 1843, new ser. vol. xxiv.]
L. C. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/D'Oyly, John

​D'OYLY, Sir JOHN (1774–1824), of Ceylon, second son of the Ven. Matthias D'Oyly (1743–1816), archdeacon of Lewes and rector of Buxted, a descendant of the ​ D'Oylys of Stone in Buckinghamshire, was born on 6 June 1774. He was educated at Westminster, where he was a favourite pupil of Dr. Vincent, and went out to Ceylon in 1795, on the conquest of that important island from the Dutch. After filling various subordinate positions, he became collector of Colombo in 1802, and in 1810 succeeded Mr. John Gay as secretary to the government of Ceylon. Only the coast of Ceylon had been in possession of the Dutch, and was at this time in the hands of the English. The interior was ruled by the savage king of Kandy, whose dominions were protected by a belt of unhealthy marsh and forest land, and who, believing himself impregnable, had committed many atrocities on British subjects. General Brownrigg [q. v.], the governor of Ceylon, at last determined to reduce this monarch, and the success of his campaigns of 1814 and 1815 was largely due to the assistance of D'Oyly, who acted as head of his intelligence department. D'Oyly also negotiated the terms of peace, and organised the new provinces thus acquired. He was created a baronet for his services on 27 July 1821, and when he died unmarried at Kandy on 25 May 1824 he filled the office of resident and first commissioner of government in the Kandyan provinces. His younger brother, Colonel Sir Francis D'Oyly, was a most distinguished officer, who acted as assistant adjutant-general to the 1st division throughout the Peninsular war, and received a gold cross and three clasps for the battles of Busaco, Fuentes de Onoro, Salamanca, Vittoria, the Nivelle, the Nive, and Orthes; he was made a K.C.B. on the extension of the order of the Bath, and acted as assistant adjutant-general in the campaign of 1815 to Picton's division, and was unfortunately killed by a cannon-ball early in the battle of Waterloo.
H. M. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Leahy, Edward Daniel

​LEAHY, EDWARD DANIEL (1797–1875), portrait and subject painter, was born in London, doubtless of Irish parentage, in 1797. In 1820 he sent to the Royal Academy a portrait of Mrs. Yates in the character of Meg Merrilies, and became a frequent exhibitor, both there and at the British Institution, of portraits and historical subjects. The Duke of Sussex and the Marquis of Bristol sat to him, and his sitters included, among other prominent Irishmen, the Earl of Rosse, R. L. Sheil, M.P., Sir M. Tierney, ​M.D., William Cumming, president of the Royal Hibernian Academy, and Father Mathew, the 'Apostle of Temperance.' His subject-pictures included 'Battle of the Nile' and 'Trafalgar.' 1825; 'Mary Stuart's Farewell to France,' 1826 (engraved); 'Jacques and the Wounded Stag,' 1880; 'Escape of Mary Queen of Scots from Loch Leven Castle,' 1887 (painted for Lord Egremont), 'Lady Jane Grey summoned to Execution,' 1844. Between 1837 and 1843 Leahy resided in Italy, and in Rome painted a portrait of John Gibson, R A. Alter his return he exhibited a few Italian subjects, and appeared at the Academy for the last time in 1863. He died at Brighton on 9 Feb. 1875. Leahy's portrait of Father Mathew, painted at Cork in 1846, is now in the National Portrait Gallery, London.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Graves's Dict. of Artists, 1760-1880; Royal Academy and British Institution Catalogues; National Portrait Gallery Cat.]
F. M. O'D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Leake, Andrew

​LEAKE, Sir ANDREW (d. 1704), captain in the navy, son of Aidrew Leake, merchant, of Lowestoft, was, by the marriage of his sister Margaret, closely connected with Admiral Sir John Ashby [q. v.] and with Vice-admiral James Mighells, comptroller of the navy (Gillingwater, Hist. of Lowestoft, pp. 401, 410). On 7 Aug. 1690 he was promoted to be commander of the Roebuck fireship. He took post from 9 Jan. 1690-1, though during the following spring and summer he was in command of the Fox fireship. During the rest of the war he successively commanded the Greenwich, the Lancaster, and the Canterbury, all in the Channel, without any opportunity of distinction. Through 1698 he was unemployed, and is said to have busied himself in collecting funds for rebuilding the church at Lowestoft. In 1699 and 1/00 he was commodore of the squadron on the Newfoundland station for the protection of the fishery and the convoy of the trade thence to Cadiz, and the Mediterranean. In January 1701-2 he was appointed to the Torbay, as flag-captain to Vice-admiral Thomas Hopsonn [q. v.], with whom he served during the campaign of 1702, in the abortive attempt on Cadiz, and the capture or destruction of the Franco-Spanish fleet at Vigo in October. For his service on this occasion he was knighted. From February to May 1703 he commanded the Ranelagh at the Nore, and in May was appointed to the Grafton, one of the fleet sent to the Mediterranean under Sir Clowdisley Shovell {q. v.], and again in 1704 under Sir George Kooke [q. v.] The Grafton was one of the ships placed under the orders of Sir George Byng [q. v.] for the attack on Gibraltar, 22 July 1704, in which service she expended so much ammunition that in the battle of Malaga, where she was the leading ship of the red squadron, she ran short, and was obliged to quit the line. Before this Leake had been mortally wounded. After his wound had been dressed he had himself carried on the quarter-deck and placed in an armchair, where he died. 'From the grace and comeliness of his person,' he is said to have been called 'Queen Anne's handsome captain.'
[Charnock's Biog. Nav. ii. 331; commission and warrant books and official letters in the Public Record Office; Lediard's Naval Hist.]
J. K. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Leake, John (1729-1792)

​LEAKE, JOHN, M.D. (1729–1792), man-midwife, son of William Leake, a clergyman, was born at Ainstable, Cumberland, 8 June 1729. He was educated as a surgeon, but early turned his attention to midwifery, and in 1755 practised at Lisbon, where he made the observation that the great earthquake did not prevent many of his patients from the safe birth of their children at the proper time (Medical Instructions), i. 149). He graduated M.D., at Rheims 9 Aug. 1763, and became a licentiate of the College of Physicians of London 25 June 1766. His house was in Craven Street, Strand, and in a theatre attached to it he delivered an annual course of about twenty lectures on midwifery. His first, 'Syllabus of Lectures on the Theory and Practice of Midwifery,' was published in 1767, and in the same year his 'Dissertation on the Properties and Efficacy of the Lisbon Diet-drink and its Extract.' This is a discreditable production, in which the composition of the remedy is kept a secret, while its efficacy in more than thirty diseases is maintained. A journeyman bookbinder named Walter Leake took out a patent for a pill which came to be called Leake's pill, and, being supposed to have the same efficacy as the diet drink, injured its sale. The next step which he took for advancement was to buy a piece of land near the Surrey end of Westminster Bridge, obtain subscriptions to build a hospital upon it, and get himself appointed first physician to this, the Westminster Lying-in Hospital. 'Practical Observations on the Child-bed Fever,' published in 1774, were made in this hospital, and are of no interest except as illustrations of the fatal results of the clinical impurity of lying-in wards at that period. In 1773 he published in 4to 'A Lecture introductory to the Theory and Practice of Midwifery' and 'The Description and Use of a New Forceps.' It had three blades instead of two, and was condemned by Thomas Denman [q. v.], then the greatest authority on midwifery. Leake replied in 1774 in a 'Vindication of the Forceps against the Remarks of T. Denman, M.D.;' and in the same year published 'Practical Observations on the Acute Diseases incident to Women.' In 1777 he published in two volumes 'Medical Instructions to wards the Prevention and Cure of Chronic or Slow Diseases peculiar to Women.' Both these works are addressed to women and not to physicians, and contain much extraneous matter, such as long poetical quotations and (5th edit. i. 274) a full description of the author's ascent of Skiddaw, 23 July 1780. An 'Introduction to the Theory and Practice of Midwifery' was also published by him in 1777, and in 1792 'A Practical Essay' on Diseases of the Viscera.' Several of his works went through numerous editions. He died in London 8 Aug. 1792, and is buried in the north cloister of Westminster Abbey. His portrait, engraved by Bartolozzi from a painting by D. Gardiner, is prefixed to vol. i. of his book on 'Chronic Diseases of Women.'
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Leahy, Patrick

​LEAHY, PATRICK (1806–1875), archbishop of Cashel, son of Patrick Leahy, civil engineer and county surveyor of Cork, was born near Thurles, co. Tipperary, on 31 May 1806, and was educated at Maynooth. On his ordination he became Roman catholic curate of a small parish in the diocese of Cashel. He was soon appointed professor in St. Patrick's College at Thurles, and shortly afterwards president of that institution. On 22 Aug. 1850 he was one of the secretaries of the synod or national council of Thurles, and was afterwards appointed parish priest of Thurles and vicar-general of the diocese of Cashel. When the catholic university was opened in Dublin in 1854, he was selected for the office of vice-rector under Dr. J. H. (afterwards Cardinal) Newman, the rector, and filled a professor's chair. He was elected archbishop of Cashel 27 April 1857 and consecrated on 29 June. In 1866 and 1867 he was deputed, with the Bishop of Clonfert, to conduct the negotiations with Lord Mayo, the chief secretary for Ireland, with respect to the proposed endowment of the Roman catholic university. He was a strong advocate of the cause of temperance, and enforced the Sunday closing of the public-houses in his diocese. Owing to his energy the fine cathedral at Thurles was built at a cost of 45,000l. He died at the episcopal residence near Thurles 26 Jan. 1875, and was buried in Thurles Cathedral on 3 Feb. He was remarkable for his dignified bearing and uniform courtesy.
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Clarke, Timothy

​CLARKE, TIMOTHY, M.D. (d. 1672), physician, was a member of Balliol College, Oxford, at the time of the parliamentary visitation in May 1648, when he refused to submit (Register of the Visitors of the University of Oxford, Camd. Soc., pp. 101, 103, 104, 106, 478). Whether he escaped expulsion is not clear, but he was allowed to proceed M.D. on 20 July 1652. He was admitted a candidate of the College of Physicians on 26 June 1654, and a fellow on 20 Oct. 1664. Clarke had some celebrity in his day as an anatomist. He enjoyed the favour of Charles II, before whom, as Pepys records, he conducted some dissections, ‘with which the king was highly pleased’ (Diary, ed. Bright, ii. 205). He had already (December 1660) been chosen physician in ordinary to the royal household, and on 7 March 1662–3 was gazetted physician to ‘the new-raised forces within the kingdom.’ On the death of Dr. Quartermaine in June 1667, Clarke was appointed second physician in ordinary to the king, with the reversion of Dr. George Bate's place as chief physician, and as such was named an elect of the college on 24 Jan. 1669–70 in room of Sir Edward Alston, deceased. He had been incorporated at Cambridge on his doctor's degree in 1668. Clarke died at his house in St. Martin's-in-the-Fields on 11 Feb. 1671–2, leaving no issue (Correspondence of the Family of Hatton, Camd. Soc., i. 79; Probate Act Book, P. C. C. 1672). His will, dated two days before, was proved on 28 March following by his wife Frances (reg. in P. C. C. 26, Eure). Clarke was one of the original fellows of the Royal Society, and is named in the charter one of the first council. He wrote a long Latin dissertation in the ‘Philosophical Transactions’ of 1668 (iii. 672–82), in which he endeavours to prove that Dr. George Joyliffe was the first discoverer of the lymphatic vessels. He had also in preparation a work giving an account of his own original investigations in anatomy, which was to have been published at the expense of the society (Birch, Hist. of Roy. Soc. ii. 339), but this he did not live to complete. It was Clarke who proposed to the society ‘that a man hanged might be begged of the king to try to revive him, and that in case he were revived, he might have his life granted him’ (Birch, ii. 471). Clarke was intimate with Pepys, and is frequently mentioned in the latter's ‘Diary.’
[Munk's Coll. of Phys., 2nd edit., i. 281, 315; Thomson's Hist. of Roy. Soc. p. 108; Pepys's Diary (Bright), passim; Birch's Hist. Roy. Soc. passim; Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1660–1, p. 429, 1663–4, p. 71, 1664–5, p. 129, 1665–6, p. 406, 1667, pp. 228, 250, 431.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Clarke, William (1640?-1684)

​CLARKE, WILLIAM (1640?–1684), physician, son of George Clarke, by the sister of William Prynne, was born at Swainswyke, near Bath; entered Merton College, Oxford; graduated B.A. in 1661; was elected fellow of Merton 1663, and after three years resigned his fellowship, and practised physic at Bath. He wrote a work entitled ‘The Natural History of Nitre,’ London, 1670, characterised by boundless conceit, giving all information then attainable on the subject. The substance was published in the ‘Philosophical Transactions,’ No. 61. He afterwards practised at Stepney in Middlesex, and died on 24 April 1684.
[Clarke's Nitre, British Museum; Wood's Athenæ (Bliss), iv. 133.]
G. T. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Clarke, William (1800-1838)

​CLARKE, WILLIAM (1800–1838), was the author of ‘The Boys' Own Book,’ ‘Three Courses and a Dessert,’ and various works of light literature, which obtained a considerable measure of popularity. He also brought out a humorous periodical, called ‘The Cigar,’ and he was for some time editor of the ‘Monthly Magazine.’ For the last three or four years of his life he devoted himself to an elaborate work on natural history. This does not appear to have been published, nor are any of his other writings extant. While working in his garden, in his house near Hampstead, he died of an apoplectic fit on 17 June 1838.
[Courier, 22 June 1838.]
J. M. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Clarke, William (1623?-1666)

​CLARKE, Sir WILLIAM (1623?–1666), secretary at war, born in London, of obscure parentage, was admitted a student of the Inner Temple in 1645, and was called to ​the bar in 1653. He was appointed secretary at war on 28 Jan. 1661 (Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1660–1, p. 490). He had previously acted for more than twelve years as secretary to General Monck. At the Restoration he was knighted and given the great lodge and sixty acres of land in Marylebone Park (Lysons, Environs, iii. 246). He attended Monck in his official capacity on board the Royal Charles in the expedition against the Dutch in the spring of 1666. A fight took place on 1 June, and continued for four successive days. On the second day Clarke's right leg was shattered by a cannon-ball. He ‘bore it bravely,’ but died two days later, aged 43. He was buried near the south door of the chancel of Harwich church, where a memorial to him was afterwards erected by his widow (inscription and plate in Taylor's Harwich, p. 39). Monck, in commending his widow and child to the favour of the king, wrote of Clarke that in him he had lost ‘a faithful and indefatigable servant,’ and that he ‘cannot express too much kindness to his memory’ (Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1665–6, p. 471). Clarke married Dorothy, daughter and coheiress of Thomas Hyliard of Hampshire and Elizabeth Kimpton. By her he had an only son, George Clarke (1660–1736) [q. v.] Lady Clarke married secondly Samuel Barrow, M.D. (1625–1682), Milton's friend, chief physician to Monck's army in Scotland, and after the Restoration physician in ordinary to the king, advocate-general and judge-martial. His widow survived until 1695, and was buried near him in the south aisle of Fulham church. Her monument by Grinling Gibbons is said to have cost 300l. (Faulkner, Fulham, pp. 82–4).
Clarke's diary relating to naval affairs (23 April–1 June 1666) is preserved in the British Museum (Addit. MS. No. 14286).
[Haydn's Book of Dignities, p. 199; Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1660–1, 1664–5, 1665–6, 1666–7; Taylor's Harwich, pp. 39–41; Pepys's Diary (Bright), iii. 463, 469; Lysons's Environs, ii. 370–1; Will reg. in P. C. C. 95, Mico; Masson's Life of Milton, vi. 714; Students adm. to Inner Temple, 1547–1660, ed. W. H. Cooke, p. 320.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Clarke, Thomas (fl.1768-1775)

​CLARKE, THOMAS (fl. 1768–1775), painter, was a native of Ireland, and received his education in the Academy at Dublin. About 1768 he came to London, and making the acquaintance of Oliver Goldsmith, was by him introduced to Sir Joshua Reynolds, whose pupil he became. He was a clever draughtsman, but had no knowledge of painting, and did not remain long in Reynolds's studio. He seems also to have been of reckless and dissolute habits, which soon brought him into difficulties, and finally to an early grave. In 1769, 1770, and 1775 he exhibited portraits at the Royal Academy.
[Redgrave's Dict. of English Artists; Northcote's Life of Sir Joshua Reynolds; Leslie and Taylor's Life of Sir Joshua Reynolds; Royal Academy Catalogues.]
L. C.