OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Sandys, William (1792-1874)

​SANDYS, WILLIAM (1792–1874), antiquary, eldest son of Hannibal Sandys (1763–1847) and his wife Anne (d. 1850), daughter of William Hill, was born at 5 Crane Court, Fleet Street, London, on 29 Oct. 1792. He was educated at Westminster School 1800–8, and in January 1814 was admitted solicitor. From 1861 to 1873 Sandys was head of the firm of Sandys & Knott, Gray's Inn Square; and he was also commissioner of affidavits in the stannary court of Cornwall, and a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries. In 1873 he retired; and on 18 Feb. 1874 he died at his residence, 10 Torrington Square, London. He was buried at Kensal Green on 23 Feb. He married, first, on 13 Jan. 1816, Harriette, daughter of Peter Hill of Carwythenack, Cornwall (she died on 3 Aug. 1851); and secondly, on 6 Sept. 1853, Eliza, daughter of Charles Pearson of Ravensbourne House, Greenwich.
An enthusiastic musical amateur from youth, Sandys studied the violoncello under Robert Lindley, and was also a zealous antiquary. He had a singular faculty of mental arithmetic. His first work, ‘A History of Freemasonry,’ appeared in 1829; the next, in 1831, was a disquisition upon ‘Macaronic Poetry,’ with specimens. ‘A Selection of Christmas Carols,’ with the tunes, followed in 1833; this volume is of permanent value to the musical antiquary. In 1846 he issued ‘Specimens of Cornish Dialect;’ he edited a volume of old ‘Festive Songs’ for the Percy Society (1848); and in 1852 he wrote a tract upon ‘Christmastide, its History, Festivities, and Carols.’ He is best remembered by his share in Sandys and Forster's ‘History of the Violin’ (1864). He was mainly responsible for the earlier part.
[Sandys's Works; Boase and Courtney's Bibliotheca Cornubiensis, pp. 627, 1333, where a full bibliography is given; Grove's Dict. of Music and Musicians, iii. 225; Times, 18 Dec. 1874; Law Journal, ix. 134.]
H. D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Sandys, Charles

​SANDYS, CHARLES (1786–1859), antiquary, born in 1786, was second son of Edwin Humphrey Sandys, solicitor, of Canterbury, by his second wife, Helen, daughter of Edward Lord Chick, esq. (Burke, Landed Gentry, 1882, ii. 1414). He was admitted a solicitor in 1808, and practised at Canterbury until 1857, when circumstances obliged him to retire abroad. He died in 1859; he had married Sedley Francis Burdett, by whom he had issue. Sandys was elected fellow of the Society of Antiquaries on 18 June 1846.
He published: 1. ‘A Critical Dissertation on Professor Willis's “Architectural History of Canterbury Cathedral,”’ 8vo, London, 1846. 2. ‘The Memorial and Case of Clerici Laici, or Lay Clerks of Canterbury Cathedral,’ 8vo, London, 1849. 3. ‘Consuetudines Kanciæ: a History of Gavelkind and other Remarkable Customs in the County of Kent,’ 8vo, London, 1851. He also compiled a concise history of Reculver, Kent, from the time of the Romans to that of Henry VIII, which was inserted in C. Roach Smith's ‘History and Antiquities of Richborough, Reculver, and Lymne,’ 1850. The manuscript is in the cathedral library, Canterbury. To the Gloucester congress volume of the British Archæological Association (1846) Sandys contributed a valuable paper on the Dane John Hill at Canterbury (pp. 136–48).
G. G.
# Dictionary of the Swatow dialect/ai
### ai

* 哀ai619806
* To pity; to grieve; to sympathize; sorrow; woeful.

#### ko ai cṳ́;

    an orphan.

#### ai-khàu;

    to weep.

#### ai-chám;

    distressing.

#### ai khîu;

    to supplicate.

#### ai-lîen;

    to compassionate.

#### ai cāi!

    Alas!

#### u hū ai cāi!

    Alas, how sad!

#### pui ai;

    sympathy.

#### ai khṳ́n;

    beseech.

#### hi, nē, ai, lâk;

    the four emotions, satisfaction, anger, grief, joy.
* 唉ái619307
* To sigh, to groan; an interjection expressing disgust or regret.

#### i kâi tó̤ ái mih sṳ̄?

    What is he groaning about?

#### áa thiaⁿ-kìⁿ i cong-kú tó̤ ái, ái;

    I hear him grunting all the time.

#### ái, khó̤-lîen i!

    Oh, how I pity him!

#### i sĭ ái-kìe ka-kī kâi sṳ̄, a sĭ ái-kìe pât nâng kâi sṳ̄?

    Is he sighing over his own affairs, or over those of some other person?
* 曖ái6207213

#### ái-mŭe;

    underhand.

#### cía sǹg sĭ ái-mŭe kâi sṳ;

    this is acting in an underhand way.
* 愛ài619619
* The exhibition of humanity in the actions; to love; fond of; tender toward; sparing of; beloved.

#### ài-sieh,

    kindness.

#### chin-ài;

    friendship.

#### lĕng ài;

    your daughter.

#### mông lṳ́ kùe ài;

    many thanks for your great kindness.

#### nek-ài;

    blind love.

#### hó̤ ài-sieh;

    lovable.

#### khó̤-ài;

    lovely.

#### ài-sieh ka-kī īu su ài-sieh pât nâng;

    love others as well as yourself.

#### ài nâng kip mûeh;

    love people rather than things.

#### ài-sieh tŏ̤ sim, màiⁿ ài-sieh tŏ̤ mīn;

    love in reality rather than in appearance.

#### ài mîn jîak cṳ́;

    loved the people as if they were his children.

#### ài-sieh thài kùe;

    too indulgent affection.

#### ài-sieh kuang-im;

    sparing of time.
* 隘ài217010
* A defile; a pass.

#### ài-kháu;

    a gorge.

#### híam ài;

    a dangerous pass.
* 毋âi605801
* A mother; one's mother.

#### cū sĭ i kâi âi;

    it is his mother.

#### chin âi;

    an own mother.

#### ău âi;

    a step-mother.
* 噯ăi6208013

#### ăi-ă;

    an exclamation denoting surprise.
# Dictionary of the Swatow dialect/ak
### ak

* 沃ak1065854
* To water, by pouring from above.

#### ak hue;

    to water flowers.

#### ak cúi;

    to wet by pouring on water.

#### ak hŏ; khṳt hŏ ak tîeh;

    wet by the rain.
* 捉ak82647
* To seize, to arrest, to gripe.

#### jīo kàu hṳ́-kò̤ cìaⁿ ak tîeh;

    pursued him to that point and there caught him.

#### ak tîeh i kâi piⁿ;

    caught him by the cue.

#### híam-híam ak m̄ tîeh;

    caught at and came very near missing it.
* 惡ak1063618
* Evil, vile, wicked, iniquitous.

#### ak-nâng;

    the wicked.

#### cŭe-ak;

    wickedness.

#### câp ak;

    all sorts of crimes.

#### ak sôk;

    evil ways, tăi ak; great crimes.

#### ak căi;

    very wicked.

#### hiong-ak;

    malicious.

#### ak-tâk;

    venomous.

#### cek ak;

    heap up iniquity.

#### ak hĕng;

    vicious looking.

#### ak ŭ ak pò̤;

    wickedness brings its own retribution.

#### nâng m̄ cò̤ ak, nâng m̄ ùi;

    where there is no iniquity, there is no fear.

#### ak kùe cûa;

    more malignant than a serpent.

#### pĕ ak, kíaⁿ hîen;

    wise sons of wicked fathers.

#### ak cît;

    virulent disease.

#### sim cṳ̂, mău ak;

    a gentle heart under a savage exterior.

#### ak-nâng, ak-nâng tṳ̂;

    the wicked extripate the wicked.

#### cŭe-ak thau thiⁿ;

    their wickedness reaches to the heavens.

#### ak ūe;

    obscene talk.
* 壓ak10698214
* To quiet, to calm, to pacify.

#### ak kiaⁿ;

    allay fear.

#### hàm i a-ne sâh nŏ̤ kâi ngio n̆ng kio i ak kiaⁿ;

    tell his mother to boil two cats' eggs with which to quiet his alarm.

#### cía tîeh i khṳ̀, cìaⁿ ak tit cŭ, pât nâng ak m̄ tîo;

    he is the one who must go, then they will be pacified, no one else can tranquilize them.
* 遏ak6291629
* To terminate; to stop.

#### có̤-ak;

    to bring to a standstill.

#### ak-cí;

    to put a stop to.

#### ak ak, îang sĭen;

    repress iniquity and encourage righteousness.
* 抑ak1093644
* To repress, to restrain, to abate; else, moreover.

#### ak-cí;

    to stop.

#### ut-ak;

    irked.

#### ak-cŭ;

    to repress.

#### ak i m̄ cŭ;

    could not curb it.

#### ak i m̄ tîo;

    could not restrain it.

#### ak-cì i;

    restrain him.

#### ka-kī ak-cì m̄ cŭ;

    could not himself control it.

#### soiⁿ ak ău îang, soiⁿ îang ău ak;

    play fast and loose with.

#### ak-hok;

    should it be.

#### ak-hok cìeⁿ-seⁿ;

    should it be thus.

#### ak-hok i lâi, úa cĭu mîen khṳ̀;

    should he come, then I need not go.

#### ak-hok ŭ cí kâi, lṳ́ àiⁿ jîeh cōi?

    Should there be that kind, how many do you want?
# Dictionary of the Swatow dialect/auh
### auh

* 懊惱auh-pâuh625
* Vexed, angry, irritated.

#### tó lăi auh-pâuh;

    is at heart much displeased about it.

#### tó lăi auh-auh pâuh-pâuh;

    very grouty.
# Dictionary of the Swatow dialect/ap
### ap

* 押ap1068645
* The complement; an unlicensed pawn-shop; to pay a balance; to add the complement.

#### ap sìo;

    to pay the remainder of a bill.

#### ap ūn;

    to match a rhyme.

#### ūe hue-ap;

    to affix the necessary device, mark, or paraph.

#### chiam ap;

    to authenticate by affixing a mark.

#### sìo-bâk ap cheng-chó̤;

    the balance of the account has been paid in full.

#### síe ap;

    a pawn-shop, where cheap articles are pledged.

#### hìang ap;

    a licensed pawn-shop.

#### hìang ap cú-nâng kâi lĭ-sek cíe, síe ap cú-nâng kâi lĭ-sek ke;

    the amount charged by the licensed pawnbroker is less than that charged by the unlicensed pawnbroker.

#### ap kàu nî;

    paid up for a year.

#### ap kàu gûeh;

    paid in full for one month.

#### ap kàu peh;

    made it up to a hundred.

#### i m̄ khéng ūe ap;

    he was unwilling to affix the mark.

#### cíeⁿ méⁿ-méⁿ ap;

    quickly draw in the oar.
* 盒âp2181086
* A small box, having a cover.

#### thiap-âp;

    a card-case.

#### âp-kíaⁿ;

    a very small box.

#### gêk âp;

    an alabaster box.

#### cêk âp ko̤-píaⁿ;

    a box of cakes.

#### chō̤ cêk âp tĭⁿ-tĭⁿ;

    fill the box full.

#### siu thâu âp;

    a dressing-case.

#### bō̤ âp;

    a hat-box.
* 咂âp939305
* The motion of the gills of a fish.

#### hṳ̂ âp cúi;

    the fish sucks water.

#### chùi tó̤ âp;

    he is gasping.

#### âp-âp-sah;

    gasping.

#### chùi hŵn-lío ŏi âp;

    he still gasps.
# Dictionary of the Swatow dialect/aiⁿ
### àiⁿ

* 欲àiⁿ1139767
* To desire, to wish, to long for; about to, ready to, on the point of.

#### lṳ́ àiⁿ a m̆?

    Do you want it or not?

#### i àiⁿ, úa m̆;

    he wants to but I will not.

#### àiⁿ li àiⁿ, bŏi tit tîeh;

    as for wanting it I want it, but I cannot have it.

#### sĭ úa sim só̤ àiⁿ;

    it is what my heart desires.

#### m̄-àiⁿ; màiⁿ;

    does not want it.

#### i cha-m̄-to̤ àiⁿ lâi;

    he is about to come.

#### i ciang àiⁿ khṳ̀;

    he is about to go.

#### lṳ́ àiⁿ tńg-khṳ̀ có-ke a būe?

    Are you going to return to you native land yet?

#### i àiⁿ cò̤;

    he is going to make it.

#### i tàⁿ i àiⁿ khṳ̀;

    he said he should go.

#### úa àiⁿ lâi khîeh;

    I will come and get it.

#### i àiⁿ mih kâi?

    What does he want?

#### i àiⁿ khí chù;

    he is going to build a house.

#### i phien-phien àiⁿ;

    he is bent upon it.

#### i ngĕ àiⁿ;

    he fixedly desires it.

#### i cwn àiⁿ cìeⁿ-seⁿ cò̤ ;

    he especially wishes it to be made thus.

#### i kù-ì aiⁿ lâi;

    he is set upon coming.

#### i kâi sim lăi sĭ àiⁿ, chùi m̄ káⁿ tàⁿ;

    he desires it in his heart, but dare not say so.

#### àiⁿ mē?

    Do you wish to?
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Norman, Francis Booth

​NORMAN, Sir FRANCIS BOOTH (1830–1901), lieutenant-general, younger brother of Sir Henry Wylie Norman [q. v. Suppl. II], was born on 25 April 1830 in London. He entered Addiscombe, and obtained his commission in the Bengal army 8 Dec. 1848. On the mutiny of his regiment he was attached to the 14th (the Ferozepore Sikh) regiment of the Bengal infantry, and remained at Ferozepore during subsequent operations. In 1863 he took part in the second expedition against the Yusafzais at Ambela, and was present at the storming of the Conical hill and at the destruction of Laloo. He was mentioned in despatches, and added the frontier medal with clasp to the Mutiny medal. In the three following years he was engaged during the Bhutan campaign in the capture of Dewangiri and of the stockades in the Gurugaon Pass, serving as assistant quartermaster-general and receiving the clasp and brevet majority. In 1868 he took part in the Hazara campaign as second in command of the 24th (Punjab) regiment, again receiving the clasp. After an interval of ten years the Afghan war (1878-80) brought him fresh opportunities of distinction. He commanded the 24th regiment in the Bazar valley and the defence of Jagdallak, marching with Roberts's force from Kabul to Kandahar and taking part in the battle of Kandahar. Mentioned in several despatches, he received the medal with clasp, the bronze star, a C.B., and brevet colonelcy. During the war with Burma in 1885-6, he commanded the Bengal brigade of the Upper Burma field force, assisting in the occupation of Mandalay and Bhamo. He was thanked by the government of India and promoted to be K.C.B. He attained the rank of major-general on 1 Sept. 1889, and left India in 1891.
He died on 25 June 1901 at Dulwich, and was buried in West Norwood cemetery. He was twice married: (1) in 1852 to Eliza Ellen, daughter of lieutenant Nisbett, Bengal army, who died at Rawal Pindi in 1870; and (2) in March 1892 to Caroline Matilda, daughter of the Rev. W. W. Cazalet and widow of Major E. F. J. Rennick, Bengal staff corps, who survived him. He left three sons and three daughters, one of the latter, Edith, being the wife of Sir Louis W. Dane, G.C.I.E., C.S.I., lieutenant-governor of the Punjab. [The Times, 27 June 1901; Indian army lists, and official reports.]
W. L-W.
# East Lake Land Company v. Brown

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
155 U.S. 488
East Lake Land Company v. Brown
John T. Morgan, for plaintiff in error.
D. P. Bestor, for defendant in error.
Mr. Chief Justice FULLER.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# East Lake Land Company v. Brown/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
155 U.S. 488
East Lake Land Company v. Brown
The judgment is reversed, with costs, and the case remanded, with a direction to remand it to the city court of Birmingham, county of Jefferson, Ala., on the authority of Chappell v. Waterworth, 155 U.S. 102, 15 Sup. Ct. 34.
Reversed and remanded.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# East India Company Act 1788

Source: The Statutes, Second Revised Edition: Volume 2. London. The Stationery Office. 1889.
AN ACT to enable the East India Company to borrow a further Sum of Money upon Bond.
WHEREAS it is expedient, in consideration of the present state of the affairs of the United Company of Merchants of England trading to the East Indies, that the said company should be enabled to issue bonds for the purposes of their trade, and for discharging sundry demands to which they are liable to a larger amount than they are now authorised to do: May it therefore please your Majesty that it may be enacted, and be it enacted by the King's most excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the lords spiritual and temporal, and commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, that it shall and may be lawful to and for the said united company to borrow money upon and issue bonds under their common seal as the affairs of the said united company may require, not exceeding the sum of one million two hundred thousand pounds beyond the sum for which the said united company may now by law issue their bonds.
This work is in the public domain worldwide because it was created by a public body of the United Kingdom with Crown Status and commercially published before 1974.
See Crown copyright artistic works, Crown copyright non-artistic works and List of Public Bodies with Crown Status.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# East Lynne

Lady Isabel Carlyle, a beautiful and refined young woman, leaves her hard-working but neglectful lawyer-husband and her infant children to elope with an aristocratic suitor. After he deserts her, and she bears their illegitimate child, Lady Isabel disguises herself and takes the position of governess in the household of her husband and his new wife.Warning: template has been deprecated.

### Contents

* Chapter 1
* Chapter 2
* Chapter 3
* Chapter 4
* Chapter 5
* Chapter 6
* Chapter 7
* Chapter 8
* Chapter 9
* Chapter 10
* Chapter 11
* Chapter 12
* Chapter 13
* Chapter 14
* Chapter 15
* Chapter 16
* Chapter 17
* Chapter 18
* Chapter 19
* Chapter 20
* Chapter 21
* Chapter 22
* Chapter 23
* Chapter 24
* Chapter 25
* Chapter 26
* Chapter 27
* Chapter 28
* Chapter 29
* Chapter 30
* Chapter 31
* Chapter 32
* Chapter 33
* Chapter 34
* Chapter 35
* Chapter 36
* Chapter 37
* Chapter 38
* Chapter 39
* Chapter 40
* Chapter 41
* Chapter 42
* Chapter 43
* Chapter 44
* Chapter 45
* Chapter 46
* Chapter 47
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Stewart, Alexander (d.1795)

​STEWART, ALEXANDER (d. 1795), of Invernahyle, Jacobite, was the eighth son of Duncan Stewart, seventh of Invernahyle, by a daughter of Campbell of Barcaldine. He was out with his clan, the Stewarts of Appin, both in 1715 and 1745. On the morning of Prestonpans he took part in a brilliant charge, when they stormed and captured a battery of four field-pieces. Invernahyle engaged in single combat Colonel Whitefoord of Ballochmyle, whose life he spared when it was in his hands, on condition of surrender. At Culloden Stewart was wounded, but made his escape. Colonel Whitefoord endeavoured to obtain his pardon from the Duke of Cumberland, and, when that was refused, asked that protection might at least be granted to his houses, wife, children, and property. This also was refused; but Whitefoord having thereupon requested to lay down his commission, it was finally conceded. Search nevertheless was made for Stewart, but he could not be found, and he was afterwards pardoned under the act of indemnity.
Stewart was a client of Sir Walter Scott's father, and his frequent guest in Edinburgh when Scott was a boy. He happened to be in Edinburgh in 1779 when Paul Jones threatened a descent on the city; he was ‘the only person,’ says Lockhart, ‘who seemed to have retained the possession of his cool senses’ at that period of alarm, and offered to the magistrates to collect as many highlanders as would cut off any part of the pirate's crew that might venture into the narrow lanes of the old city (Lockhart, Life of Scott, ed. 1845, p. 39). It was from this old highland warrior that Sir Walter got his earliest lessons in story-telling. His ‘tales,’ Sir Walter relates, ‘were the absolute delight of my childhood. I believe there never was a man who united the ardour of a soldier and tale-teller—a man of “talk,” as they call it in Gaelic—in such an excellent degree, and he was as fond of telling as I was of learning; I became a valiant Jacobite at the age of ten years’ (Familiar Letters, i. 67). At Stewart's request Scott visited him in 1786 or 1787, when he made his first acquaintance with the highlands. Stewart died in 1795. By his wife Katherine, daughter of Robert Stewart, ninth of Appin, he had fifteen children, of whom Dugald succeeded him.
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Stewart, Alexander (d.1701)

1904 Errata appended.
​STEWART, ALEXANDER, fourth Earl of Moray (d. 1701), secretary of state for Scotland, was the second son of James, fourth earl (who was a grandson of James Stewart, earl of Moray, d. 1592 [q. v.]), by Lady Margaret Home, elder daughter of Alexander, first earl of Home, and coheiress with her sister Anne, duchess of Lauderdale, of her brother James, second earl of Home. He succeeded his father on 4 March 1653. In 1654 he was under Cromwell's act of grace fined 3,500l., which was reduced to 1,166l. 13s. (Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1655, p. 72); but in January 1655–6 he presented a petition for the remission of his fine, because he ‘was a child during the late differences,’ and because his estate was ‘small and much charged’ (ib. 1655–6, p. 152). On 22 Jan. 1656–7 it was ordered that, on his giving security to the council of Scotland to pay 500l. before 1 Feb. 1657–8, the residue of his fine should be remitted (ib. 1656–7, p. 248).
He was admitted justice-general on 1 June 1675, appointed a lord of the treasury on 27 Sept. 1678, nominated an extraordinary lord of session on 17 July 1680, and on 2 Nov. of the same year appointed secretary of state in succession to Lauderdale. Previous to his appointment he was known as an active opponent of the covenanters. In 1675 he specially exerted himself in putting down conventicles in Elgin (Wodrow, History, ii. 284), and in March 1678 he was deputed by the council to London to encourage the king in his policy of repression (ib. p. 419). Afterwards he co-operated with James II, not only in his unconstitutional procedure, but in his endeavours to introduce Roman catholicism. In 1686, when an attempt was made to obtain toleration for the catholics, he was nominated for this purpose lord high commissioner to the Scottish parliament, and in the following year he was made a knight of the Thistle. At the Revolution he was deprived of all his offices. He died at Donibristle on 1 Nov. 1701, and was carried to Darnaway and buried in the church of Dyke on 24 Jan. 1701–2. By his wife Emilia, daughter of Sir William Balfour of Pitcullo, lieutenant of the Tower of London, he had four sons: James, lord Doune, who predeceased his father in 1685; Charles, fifth earl, who was created a baronet of Nova Scotia on 23 Sept. 1681, and died on 7 Oct. 1735, aged 75; John; and Francis (d. 1739), who succeeded his brother as sixth earl in 1735.
T. F. H.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.258 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 268 | i | 18 | Stewart, Alexander, 4th Earl of Moray: for fourth Earl read fifth Earl |
| | | 20 | for third read fourth |