OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chicago Milwaukee St. Paul Railway Company v. Kennedy

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
232 U.S. 626
Chicago Milwaukee St. Paul Railway Company v. Kennedy
Argued: March 9, 1914. --- Decided: March 16, 1914
Messrs. Burton Hanson, William G. Porter, and Ed. L. Grantham for plaintiff in error.
No brief was filed for defendant in error.
Memorandum opinion by direction of the court by Mr. Chief Justice white:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Chicago Milwaukee and St Paul Railroad Company v. Ackley

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
94 U.S. 179
Chicago Milwaukee and St Paul Railroad Company v. Ackley
ERROR to the Circuit Court of the County of Milwaukee, State of Wisconsin.
Mr. John W. Cary for the plaintiff in error.
Mr. I. C. Sloan, contra.
MR. CHIEF JUSTICE WAITE delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Chicago Northwestern Railway Company v. Bower

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
241 U.S. 470
Chicago Northwestern Railway Company v. Bower
Argued: March 16 and 17, 1916. --- Decided: June 5, 1916
Messrs. A. A. McLaughlin, Wymer Dressler, and William G. Wheeler for plaintiff in error.
Mr. Michael F. Harrington for defendant in error.
Mr. Justice Pitney delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Chicago Milwaukee and St Paul Railway Company v. United States/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
104 U.S. 687
Chicago Milwaukee and St Paul Railway Company v. United States
The action in the Court of Claims was brought by the Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul Railway Company to recover compensation withheld by the Postmaster-General, claimed to be due upon a written contract for mail service, entered into July 1, 1875, for the period of four years.
The amount in controversy had been retained by the Postmaster-General as a reduction of the ten per cent on the previous rates, under the provision in the act of July 12, 1876, c. 179, and of the further reduction of twenty per cent on the remainder, under the thirteenth section of that act, it being insisted that the company's road had been constructed, in whole or in part, by the aid of a grant of public lands by Congress.
The Court of Claims found that the company had not been aided in the construction of its road by a land grant, and that it was, therefore, not subject to the deduction from its compensation made on that account. From that part of the judgment the United States appealed.
It also found that the Postmaster-General was entitled to make the deduction of ten per cent From that part of the judgment the company appealed.
This case is covered by the decision in Chicago & Northwestern Railway Company v. United States (supra, p. 680), where it is held that the deduction under that section could not be made against a company whose road had been the subject of a land grant, when the service had been rendered during the term of a written contract for four years, which had not terminated when the act took effect.
The question in the present case, therefore, whether the railroad of the company was or was not the subject of a land grant becomes immaterial; although were it otherwise we should have no hesitation in affirming the finding of the Court of Claims upon that point, for the reasons set forth in its opinion.
Upon the question of the ten per cent deduction, the Court of Claims held that the act of July 12, 1876, operated as a notice that the service would be discontinued under the old rates, and would be continued, if at all, under the new rates; and that, as the claimants continued to render the service under the new law without dissent or protest, it was to be presumed that they acquiesced in its provisions and accepted the change which it made in their contract.
We are unable to agree with this view, for the reasons already stated. That act was not intended to apply to the case of contracts previously made for a term of years, not expired when it took effect.
The judgment of the Court of Claims must, therefore, be reversed, and the cause remanded with instructions to render a judgment in favor of the claimants for the full amount of their claim; and it is
So ordered.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Chicago Milwaukee St. Paul Railway Company v. Kennedy/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
232 U.S. 626
Chicago Milwaukee St. Paul Railway Company v. Kennedy
Argued: March 9, 1914. --- Decided: March 16, 1914
The ground upon which it is asserted in this case that the statute of the state of South Dakota, upon which the judgment of the court below here under review was based, is repugnant to the Constitution of the United States, was considered and held to be well taken in a case decided this term. Chicago, M. & St. P. R. Co. v. Polt, 232 U.S. 165, 58 l. ed. --, 34, Sup. Ct. Rep. 301. As that decision is conclusive upon all the issues here presented, and establishes that the statute in question is inconsistent with the Constitution and void, it results that, for the reasons stated in the case referred to, the judgment in this case must be reversed, and the case remanded to the court below for further proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion.
Reversed.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Chicago Milwaukee and St Paul Railway Company v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
104 U.S. 687
Chicago Milwaukee and St Paul Railway Company v. United States
APPEALS from the Court of Claims.
The facts are sufficiently stated in the opinion of the court.
The Solicitor-General for the United States.
Mr. John W. Cary, contra.
MR. JUSTICE MATTHEWS delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Chicago Milwaukee St. Paul Pacific Company v. Acme Fast Freight

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
336 U.S. 465
Chicago Milwaukee St. Paul Pacific Company v. Acme Fast Freight
Argued: Dec. 8, 1948. --- Decided: April 4, 1949
Messrs. Joseph Walker and Rowland L. Davis, Jr., both of New York City (Messrs. Willam Zearfaus, of Philadelphia, Pa., Bleakley, Platt, Gilchrist & Walker, Arthur C. Patterson, Dennis P. Donovan, Thomas L. Ennis, and Joseph Rosch, all of New York City, John H. English, of Albany, N.Y., and Pierce & Greer and H. Brua Campbell, both of New York City, of counsel), for petitioners.
Mr. Paul A. Crouch, of New York City, for respondent.
Mr. Chief Justice VINSON delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Chicago Milwaukee and St Paul Railroad Company v. Ackley/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
94 U.S. 179
Chicago Milwaukee and St Paul Railroad Company v. Ackley
The only question presented by this record is whether a railroad company in Wisconsin can recover for the transportation of property more than the maximum fixed by the act of March 11, 1874, by showing that the amount charged was no more than a reasonable compensation for the services rendered.
What we have already said in Peik v. Chicago & North-western Railway Company, and Lawrence v. Same, supra, p. 164, is applicable to this case. As between the company and a freighter, there is a statutory limitation of the charge for transportation actually performed. If the company should refuse to carry at the prices fixed, and an attempt should be made to forfeit its charter on that account, other questions might arise, which it will be time enough to consider when they are presented. But for goods actually carried, the limit of the recovery is that prescribed by the statute.
Judgment affirmed.
MR. JUSTICE FIELD and MR. JUSTICE STRONG dissented.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Manoel Alvarez

From volume 1 of the work.
​Alvarez, Manoel, educator, b. on the island of Madeira, 1526; d, at Evora, 30 December 1582. In 1546 he entered the Society of Jesus, taught the classical languages with great success, and was rector of the colleges of Coimbra and Evora. Among the more than three hundred Jesuits who have written text-books on different languages, he takes the foremost place. His Latin grammar was adopted as a standard work by the Ratio Studiorum, or Plan of Studies, of the Jesuits. Perhaps no other grammar has been printed in so many editions; Sommervogel, in his "Bibliothèque de la compagnie de Jésus," devotes twenty-five columns to a list of about four hundred editions of the whole work, or parts of it, published in Europe, Asia, and America. There exist also numerous translations into various languages: Bohemian, Croatian, Flemish, French, German, Hungarian, Illyrian, Italian, Polish, Spanish. An edition with Chinese translation appeared in Shanghai in 1869. A very interesting edition is one published in Japan in 1594, with partial translation into Japanese. An English edition, "An Introduction to the Latin Tongue, or First Book of Grammar", appeared in 1686. In many editions the text of Alvarez is changed considerably, others are abridgments. The ordignal work contains many valuable suggestions for the teacher. On this account it is more than a mere grammar; it is also a work on the method of teaching Latin, and gives an insight into the system of the old Jesuit colleges. The book was the subject of several controversies. Even Jesuits, in the "Trial Ratio" of 1586, raised six objections, and desired, particularly, a better arrangement of some parts and greater clearness. After the publication of Latin grammars by De Condren, the Oratorian, and by Lancelot, of Port-Royal, both in French, the work of Alvarez was frequently censured, because it was written in Latin, and "presupposed what was to be learnt". Still, there were advantages in the course followed by Alvarez. To be sure, to beginners everything was explained in the vernacular; but the early use of a grammar written in Latin accustomed the pupils to speaking and writing that language. Without some practice of this kind a thorough knoledge of a language can hardly be obtained, and in former centuries a facility in speaking and writing Latin, which was the universal language of the educated world, was of the greatest importance. At the present day Jesuit colleges use modern grammars, thereby accomodating themselves to new conditions and changed educational ideas.
Emmanuelis Alvari, De Institutione Grammaticâ Libr. Tres (A good edition fo the complete work is that published in Paris, 1850); Schwickerath, Jesuit Education (St. Louis 1904); Sommervogel, Bibliotheque de la compagnia de Jesus (Brussels and Paris, 1890); Pachter, Monumenta Germaniæ Paedagogica (Berlin, 1887); Schmid, Geschichte der Erzichung (Stuttgart, 1892). III, part I.
Robert Schwickerath.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Mantelletta

From volume 9 of the work.
An outer vestment reaching to the knees, open in front, with slits instead of sleeves on the sides. It is worn by cardinals, bishops, and prelates di manteletta. For cardinals the colour is ordinarily red, in penitential seasons and for times of mourning it is violet, on Gaudete and Laetare Sundays rose-colour; for the other dignitaries, the same distinctions being made, the colour is violet or black with a violet border. Cardinals and bishops belonging to orders which have a distinctive dress, also abbots who are entitled to wear the mantelletta, retain for it the colour of the habit of the order. The vestment is made of silk only when it is worn by cardinals or by bishops or prelates belonging to the papal court. The mantelletta is probably connected with the mantellum of the cardinals in the "Ordo" of Gregory X (1271-1276) and with the mantellum of the prelates in the "Ordo" of Petrus Amelius (d. 1401), which was a vestment similar to a scapular.
The mantellone, the outer vestment of the prelates, differs from the mantelletta by being longer and having wing-like sleeves.
JOSEPH BRAUN
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Manuel Chysoloras

From volume 9 of the work.
First teacher of Greek in Italy, born at Constantinople about the middle of the fourteenth century; died at Constance, German, and was buried there, 15 April, 1415. His first visit to Italy was at the time of the siege of Constantinople, when he was sent to Venice by Emperor Palæologus to implore the aid of the Christian princes. He returned to Constantinople. In 1396 he went to Florence at the invitation of the humanists of that city, Salutato, Niccolo de Niccoli, and their friends, as professor of Greek literature. He severed his connection with the Florentine government, however, before the time for the end of the agreement had expired, owing either to intrigues which Bruno and Filelfo attributed to Niccoli, or perhaps to his moody temperament. He was then engaged in teaching at Milan and afterwards at Pavia. In 1404 he was Manual Palæologus's ambassador in Venice and visited Rome and England in the same capacity. He was also actively employed in promoting a union of the Greek with the Latin Church, and with that object in view returned once more to Constantinople. In 1413 John XXIII chose him to accompany the cardinals sent as delegates to the emperor Sigismund to fix a place for the assembling of a general council. Constance was chosen. He is mentioned in the Bull of convocation. He probably accompanied John XXIII to Constance (1414) and died there the following year. His death gave rise to commemorative essays of which Guarino of Verona made a collection in "Chysolorina".
Chysoloras's works include opuscules on the Procession of the Holy Ghost; "Epistolæ tres de comparatione veteris et novæ Romæ"; letters to his brothers, to L. Bruni, to Guauni, to Traversari, to Pallas Strozzi. He also translated Plato's "Republic" into Latin. Finally he is the author of the first modern Greek grammar, the "Erotemeta" printed for the first time at Florence in 1484, and immediately studied by Linacre at Oxford and by Erasmus at Cambridge. He was chiefly influential through his teaching in familiarizing men such as Bruni, Salutato, Giacomo da Scarparia, Roberto de' Rossi, Carlo Marsuppini, Vergerio, Decembrie, Guauni, Poggio, with the masterpieces of Greek literature. As an oral teacher he was too verbose and diffuse. As a man, however, such nobility of character and integrity was rarely met with in the Greek teachers so succeeded him in Italy.
LEGRAND, Bibliographie hellénique (Paris, 1884), I, XIX and 5; SANDYS, A history of classical scholarship, II (Cambridge 1908), 19.
PAUL LEJAY
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Manoel de Sa

From volume 13 of the work.
Portuguese theologian and exegete, b. at Villa do Conde (Province Entre-Minho-e-Douro), 1530; d. at Arona (Italy), 30 Dec., 1596. He distinguished himself as a student at the University of Coimbra, and at the age of fifteen joined the Society of Jesus. He soon afterward taught philosophy, first at Coimbra, and next at Gandia, where he also acted as tutor to St. Francis Borgia, then Duke of Gandia. In 1557, he became one of the early professors of the Roman College, and commented for two years on the prophecies of Osee and the "Summa" of St. Thomas. Exhausted by his labours, he discontinued his lectures, and visited the houses of the Society in Tuscany. Restored to health, he returned to the Roman College, where he filled the chair of exegesis, and found time to give missions in various places, preaching with an eloquence truly apostolic. His reputation for scholarship induced Pius V to appoint him as a member of the commission in charge of preparing the authentic edition of the Septuagint. This did not prevent him from continuing his apostolic labours and from founding several houses of his order in Upper Italy. After residing for a time at Genoa, he withdrew to the professed house of Arona (Diocese of Milan), where he died. His exegetical works are: "Scholia in Quatuor Evangelia" (Antwerp, 1596), and "Notationes in totam Scripturam Sacram" (Antwerp, 1598), both of which passed thrrough several editions. However short, Sa's annotations clearly set forth the literal sense of Holy Writ, and bespeak a solid erudition, despite a few inaccuracies which have been sharply rebuked by Protestant critics. His theological treatise entitled "Aphorismi Confessariorum ex Doctorum sententiis collecti" (Venice, 1595), however remarkable, was censured in 1603, apparently because the Master of the Sacred Palace treated some of its maxims as contrary to opinions commonly received among theologians, but it was later corrected and has recently removed from the Roman Index (1900). Sa's life of John of Texeda, the Capuchin confessor of St. Francis Borgia, when Duke of Gandia, has not been published.
DE BACKER, Biblioth. des Ecrivains de la Compagnie de Jésus (Liège, 1853); HURTER, Nomenclator (Innsbruck, 1907).
FRANCIS E. GIGOT
# Christian Science/Summary

I am not playing with Christian Science and its founder, I am examining them; and I am doing it because of the interest I feel in the inquiry. My results may seem inadequate to the reader, but they have for me clarified a muddle and brought a sort of order out of a chaos, and so I value them.
My readings of Mrs. Eddy's uninspired miscellaneous literary efforts have convinced me of several things:
1. That she did not write Science and Health. 2. That the Deity did (or did not) write it. 3. That She thinks She wrote it. 4. That She believes She wrote it under the Deity's inspiration. 5. That She believes She is a Member of the Holy Family. 6. That She believes She is the equal of the Head of it.
Finally, I think She is now entitled to the capital S—on her own evidence.
# Christian Science/Postscript

I overlooked something. It appears that there was more of that utterance than Mr. Peabody has quoted in the above paragraph. It will be found in Mrs. Eddy's organ, the Christian Science Journal (January, 1901) and reads as follows:
"It was not myself... which dictated Science and Health, with Key to the Scriptures."
That is certainly clear enough. The words which I have removed from that important sentence explain Who it was that did the dictating. It was done by
"the divine power of Truth and Love, infinitely above me."
Certainly that is definite. At last, through her personal testimony, we have a sure grip upon the following vital facts, and they settle the authorship of Science and Health beyond peradventure:
1. Mrs. Eddy furnished "the ideas and the language." 2. God furnished the ideas and the language.
It is a great comfort to have the matter authoritatively settled.
# Christian Science/Preface

Book I of this volume occupies a quarter or a third of the volume, and consists of matter written about four years ago, but not hitherto published in book form. It contained errors of judgment and of fact. I have now corrected these to the best of my ability and later knowledge.
Book II was written at the beginning of 1903, and has not until now appeared in any form. In it my purpose has been to present a character-portrait of Mrs. Eddy, drawn from her own acts and words solely, not from hearsay and rumor; and to explain the nature and scope of her Monarchy, as revealed in the Laws by which she governs it, and which she wrote herself.
MARK TWAIN
NEW YORK. January, 1907.
# Citizens' Savings Bank Trust Company v. Sexton

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
264 U.S. 310
Citizens' Savings Bank Trust Company v. Sexton
Argued: Feb. 25, 1924. --- Decided: March 17, 1924
Messrs. Lawrence H. Brown and Frederick W. Dewart, both of Spokane, Wash., for appellant.
Mr. James A. Williams, of Spokane, Wash., for appellees.
Mr. Justice SANFORD delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Citizens' Telephone Company v. Fuller

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* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
229 U.S. 322
Citizens' Telephone Company v. Fuller
Argued: and submitted May 2, 1913. --- Decided: June 10, 1913
Messrs. Thomas P. Bradfield and Jacob Kleinhans for appellant.
[Argument of Counsel from page 323 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Roger I. Wykes and Mr. Grant Fellows, Attorney General of Michigan, for appellee.
Mr. Justice McKenna delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Citizens' Savings Loan Association v. Perry County Illinois

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
156 U.S. 692
Citizens' Savings Loan Association v. Perry County Illinois
George A. Sanders and William B. Sanders, for plaintiff in error.
Thomas J. Layman, for defendant in error.
Mr. Justice HARLAN delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Color (Cullen)/Dialogue

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For Joseph Conrad
# Color (Cullen)/For Myself

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# Color (Cullen)/For Paul Lawrence Dunbar

For Paul Laurence Dunbar
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