OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lucas, Richard Cockle

​LUCAS, RICHARD COCKLE (1800–1883), sculptor, born at Salisbury on 24 Oct. 1800, was son of Richard and Martha Lucas. At the age of twelve he was apprenticed to an uncle, a cutler at Winchester, and, showing talent in carving knife-handles, subsequently adopted sculpture as a profession. He obtained a good practice and was a large contributor to the Academy exhibitions of busts, medallions, and classical subjects, commencing in 1829. Lucas received commissions for several public statues, including those of Dr. Johnson at Lichfield, Dr. Watts at Southampton, and Sir Richard Colt Hoare in Salisbury Cathedral; but such large works were ill suited to his powers, which are best shown in his numerous medallion portraits executed in marble, wax, and ivory; these have much merit. Lucas was an enthusiastic student of the Elgin marbles, and prepared two models of the Parthenon, one showing it as it appeared after the bombardment by the Venetians in 1687, the other representing it restored in accordance with his own theories as to the original arrangement of the sculptures; the first now stands in the Elgin room at the British Museum. In 1845 he published ‘Remarks on the Parthenon, being the result of studies and inquiries connected with the production of two models of that noble building,’ illustrated with fifteen etchings.
Lucas sent a number of ivory carvings and imitation bronzes, chiefly of classical subjects, to the Great Exhibition of 1851. In 1854 he built himself a house at Chilworth, near Romsey, of which he wrote an account entitled ‘The Artist's Dream realised, being a Residence designed and built by R. C. Lucas, Sculptor, 1854; etched and described 1856,’ with seventeen plates. Lucas also produced a large number of etchings, including illustrations to Gray, Goldsmith, and Burns, biblical subjects, and representations of his own sculptured works; a nearly complete series of these, mounted in an album and bound by Lucas himself, with his portrait on the title, is in the print room of the British Museum. Lucas was a man of great originality and conversational powers and a prolific writer in the periodical press; he frequently visited Broadlands, the seat of Lord Palmerston, who much appreciated his society and obtained for him in 1865 a civil-list pension of 150l. A statuette of Lord Palmerston, exhibited in 1859, was Lucas's last contribution to the Academy. In 1870 he published ‘An Essay on Art, especially that of Painting, done by R. C. Lucas, Sculptor, in the Sky-parlour of his Tower of Winds, Chilworth.’ He died of paralysis at Chilworth on 18 May 1883. His son, A. D. Lucas, was a flower-painter, and exhibited at the British Institution and Suffolk Street between 1859 and 1874.
[Hampshire Independent, 20 Jan. 1883; Athenæum, 1883, i. 127; Universal Cat. of Books on Art; Royal Academy Catalogues; 1851 Exhibition Catalogue.]
F. M. O'D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lucas, Robert

​LUCAS, ROBERT (1748?–1812), divine and poet, born in Northampton about 1748, was educated at the grammar school there, whence he proceeded to Trinity College, Cambridge, and graduated as a ten-year man, B.D. in 1787, D.D. in 1793 (Grad. Cant. p. 302). In 1772 he was serving the ​curacy of Brixworth, and in 1778 that of Hardingstone, Northamptonshire, but on 8 March 1782 he was instituted to the vicarage of Pattishall, in the same county. In 1787 he was collated to the rectory of Ripple, Worcestershire, which he held with his vicarage. He died at Ripple on 1 March 1812. Lucas, who married a niece of Bishop Hurd, left a son, Richard Hurd (b. 1789), and a daughter, Harriet Charlotte.
Lucas translated into English heroic verse the Homeric 'Hymn to Ceres,' 4to, London, 1781, accompanied by notes and a translation of Ruhnken's preface. He reprinted his translation in a volume of 'Poems on Various Subjects,' 8vo, Tewkesbury, 1810. He also published some sermons and probably wrote the excellent memoir of Hurd in the ' Ecclesiastical and University Annual Register' for 1809 (see Notes and Queries, 2nd ser. viii. 416).
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lucas, Samuel (1805-1870)

​LUCAS, SAMUEL (1805–1870), amateur painter, born in 1805 at Hitchin in Hertfordshire, belonged to an old quaker family resident there. He was educated at Hitchin and at a quaker school in Bristol. Although he had early predilections for the profession of an artist, his religion at that time forbade an artistic education, and he was apprenticed to a shipowner at Shoreham in Sussex. But he managed to practise painting as an amateur, and after his marriage in 1838 settled at Hitchin, where he resided for the remainder of his life, devoting himself to his favourite art. In 1830 he sent to the Royal Academy ‘The Ship Broxbournbury off the Islands of Amsterdam,’ but he very seldom exhibited his paintings publicly. His subjects were mainly landscapes, carefully studied from nature, and he painted both in oil and in water-colours. He was an excellent ornithologist, and also painted birds, animals, and flowers. Some of his drawings of flowers were engraved in the ‘Florist.’ His pictures were much admired, and he enjoyed the friendship of many leading artists. Good examples of his drawings are in the print room at the British Museum, and there is a picture by him of ‘The Old Hitchin Market’ in the Corn Exchange at Hitchin. Lucas was attacked by paralysis in 1865, and died in 1870, leaving a widow and family.
[Private information.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lucas, Horatio Joseph

​LUCAS, HORATIO JOSEPH (1839–1873), artist, born in London on 27 May 1839, was fourth son of Louis Lucas, a West India merchant, and belonged to an old Jewish family. Lucas was educated at Brighton and at University College, London. Having considerable talents as an artist, he studied painting under F. S. Cary [q. v.], and was a member of the Langham Sketching Club in London. He exhibited pictures at the Royal Academy and at the Salon in Paris. Lucas was a proficient in the art of etching, and a contributor to the various Black and White exhibitions. A selection from his etchings is in the print room at the British Museum. In 1862 Lucas joined his father's business, so that he was only able to devote his leisure time to art. He was an accomplished musician, and an active and useful member of the Jewish community in London. He married Isabel, daughter of Count d'Avigdor, and niece of Sir Francis Goldsmid, bart., and died on 18 Dec. 1873, leaving four children.
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lucas, Samuel (1818-1868)

​LUCAS, SAMUEL (1818–1868), journalist and author, eldest son of Thomas Lucas, a Bristol merchant, was born in 1818, and educated at first with a view to following his father's business, but afterwards, when his taste for literature and learning had developed, he went to Queen's College, Oxford, as a preparation to entering the legal profession. He matriculated on 13 Oct. 1838, and graduated B.A. in 1842, and M.A. in 1846. He was called to the bar at the Inner Temple in 1846. While at Oxford he gained ​the Newdigate prize for English verse in 1841 and the chancellor's prize for the English essay in 1845. For some years after his call he went the western circuit, where his genial manners made him extremely popular. Leaving law for literature he connected himself with the metropolitan press and became a frequent contributor to the 'Times,' some of his articles being afterwards reprinted in book form. In 1865 he projected and started the 'Shilling Magazine,' which, however, was discontinued at the end of the year, when, through failing health, he retired from London. He died, after a lung illness, at Eastbourne on 27 Nov. 1868.
He wrote: 1. 'The Sandwich Islands,' a prize poem, 1841. 2. 'The Causes and Consequences of National Revolutions,' a prize essay, 1846. 3. 'Charters of the Old English Colonies in America,' 1860. 4. 'The Connection of Bristol with the Party of De Montfort' (in the 'Bristol Memoirs of the Archaeological Institute,' 1851). 5. 'History as a condition of National Progress,' a lecture, 1853. 6. 'Illustrations of the History of Bristol and its Neighbourhood,' 1853. 7. 'Dacoitee in Excelsis, or the Spoliation of Oude,' 1867. 8. 'Eminent Men and Popular Books, from the "Times,"" 1859. 9. 'Biography and Criticism, from the "Times,"' 1860. 10. 'Secularia, or Surveys on the Mainstream of History,' 1862, 11.'Mornings of the Recess, 1861–4, a Series of Biographical and Literary Papers, reprinted from the "Times,"' 1864. He also edited Thomas Hood's 'Poems,' 1867, 2 vols.
C. W. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harrington, William

​HARRINGTON, WILLIAM, LL.D. (d. 1523), divine, son of William Harrington, of Newbigging, Cumberland, and Joanna, daughter of W. Haske of Eastrington, Yorkshire, was born at Eastrington. On 8 July 1497 he was collated to the prebend of Islington in St. Paul's Cathedral, and in 1505 presented to the rectory of St. Anne's, Aldersgate. He resigned the rectory in 1510. He died before 25 Nov. 1523. He caused his tomb to be erected in St. John's Chapel, St. Paul's Cathedral, shortly before his death (Weever, Funeral Monuments, p. 370). He was the author of 'In this booke are conteyned the commendations of Matrimony, the manner and form of contracting, solempnysing, and lyving in the same; with declaration of all such impediments as doth let matrimony to be made. As also certayne other thynges which curates be bounden by the law to declare oftentimes to their parishe. Imprynted at the instance of Mayster Polydore Virgil, archdeaken of Wells. London per Jo. Rastal,' 4to, n.d. The book is dedicated by Harrington to Vergil; it was reprinted 'by Robert Redman in 1528, 4to.
[Tanner's Bibliotheca, p. 381; Ames's Typogr. Antiq. (Herbert), i. 342, 388; Newcourt's Repertorium, i. 168, 278.]
R. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harris, George (1722-1796)

​HARRIS, GEORGE (1722–1796), civilian, born at Westminster in 1722, was son of John Harris, bishop of Llandaff. He matriculated from Oriel College, Oxford, on 23 June 1738, aged 16, and proceeded B.C.L. 1745, and D.C.L. 1750. At the same time he was admitted a member of the College of Advocates. He was chancellor of the dioceses of Durham, Hereford, and Llandaff, and commissary of Essex, Hertfordshire, and Surrey. After many years' successful practice, he died in Doctors' Commons on 19 April 1796. He left a large fortune, which he distributed among public charities, bequeathing 40,000l. to St. George's Hospital, and 15,000l. to Westminster Lying-in Hospital. Harris published an admirable edition of Justinian's Institutes, entitled ‘D. Justiniani Institutionum Libri quatuor, with an English translation and notes,’ London, 1756; 2nd edit., 1761; Oxford, 1811; London, 1841 (condensed), and 1844. The translation alone appears in D. Nasmyth's ‘Outlines of Roman History,’ 1890. Harris was also author of ‘Observations upon the English Language,’ London, 1752, 8vo (anonymous).
[Foster's Alumni Oxon.; Brit. Mus. Cat.; Gent. Mag., 1796 pt. i. pp. 258, 437, 1797 pt. ii. p. 715.]
S. L. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harris, Augustus Glossop

​HARRIS, AUGUSTUS GLOSSOP (1825–1873), actor and manager, was born at Portici, Naples, 12 June 1825. His mother was Mrs. Glossop, known on the operatic stage as Madame Feron. His father, Joseph Glossop, built the Coburg Theatre, now known as the Victoria, and was at various times manager of La Scala, Milan, and San Carlo in Naples. His first appearance on the stage was made in America, at about the age of eight, as a fairy coachman in the opera of ‘Cinderella.’ He played with Robson at the Bower Theatre in Stangate, and appeared as Snobbington Duprez in a farce at the Princess's Theatre, under the management of J. M. Maddox. After the retirement of Charles Kean from the Princess's Harris became the manager. He opened, 24 Sept. 1859, with Oxenford's adaptation ‘Ivy Hall.’ He introduced Charles Albert Fechter [q. v.] to London. His management closed 16 Oct. 1862. Harris is principally known as a manager of opera and ballet. He had an admirable eye for colour and great capacity for stage arrangement. With the stage and general management of Covent Garden he was connected, with only one break, for twenty-seven years, and he undertook the stage direction of opera in St. Petersburg, Madrid, Paris, Berlin, and Barcelona. During the last four years of his life he gave Christmas spectacles at Covent Garden. He died on 19 April 1873, at 2 Bedford Place, W.C., and was buried on the 25th at Brompton cemetery. He married, 17 Feb. 1846, Maria Ann Bone, who survived him. Two daughters, Ellen and Maria, and two sons, Augustus and Charles, have been connected with the stage. Augustus Harris the younger has been known for some years as the manager of Drury Lane Theatre, the Royal Italian Opera, Covent Garden, and other places.
J. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harris, Charles Amyand

​HARRIS, CHARLES AMYAND (1813–1874), bishop of Gibraltar, third son of James Edward Harris, second earl of Malmesbury, who died 10 Sept. 1841, by Harriet Susan, daughter of Francis Bateman Dashwood of Well Vale, Lincolnshire, was born at Christchurch, Hampshire, 4 Aug. 1813; his elder brother, James Howard, third earl of Malmesbury [q. v.], is separately noticed. He matriculated from Oriel College, Oxford, 5 May 1831, graduated B.A. 1835, and M.A. 1837. He was fellow of All Souls' College 1835–7. In 1834 he was entered as a student of the Inner Temple, but changing his mind was ordained deacon in 1836 and priest in 1837. He acted as rector of Shaftesbury, Dorset, during 1839–40. In the latter year he was appointed to the rectory of Wilton in Wiltshire, which had attached to it the rectory of Bulbridge and the vicarage of Ditchampton. On 16 Aug. 1841 he was nominated prebendary of Chardstock in Salisbury Cathedral, and made a domestic chaplain to the bishop of the diocese. His health failed in 1848, when he resigned his livings. After some years of rest he became in 1856 the perpetual curate of Rownhams, Southampton, where Lord Herbert, in conjunction with the widow of Major Colt, had built a new parish church. In 1863 he succeeded the Rev. Henry Drury [q. v.] as archdeacon of Wilts, when he was also made vicar of Bremhill-with-Highway, near Chippenham. Here he remained an active parish priest and a co- ​ adjutor to his bishop until 1868, when he was nominated to the bishopric of Gibraltar, and consecrated on 1 May. His kindly manner, his gentle bearing, his knowledge of languages, and his long experience fitted him for his new duties. At Gibraltar he entered heartily into his work, of which he more than once gave an account at the meetings of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. In 1872 he was attacked by fever, and returning to England resigned his bishopric in October 1873, and settled at Torquay, where he died on 16 March 1874, and was buried at Bremhill on 19 March by the side of his wife. By his will he left considerable sums to episcopal societies, besides legacies to his relatives.
Harris married, 20 May 1837, Katherine Lucia, youngest daughter of Sir Edward O'Brien, bart. She died at Bremhill vicarage 31 Jan. 1865. By her he had an only son, James Edward Harris, who died in childhood. Harris was the author of ‘One Rule and One Mind,’ a sermon, 1841.
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harrington, Robert

​HARRINGTON, ROBERT, M.D. (fl. 1815), eccentric writer on natural philosophy, became a member of the Company of Surgeons of London before 1781. He practised at Carlisle, where in 1810 he resided in Abbey Street (Picture of Carlisle, 1810, p. 131), and was still alive in 1815. Harrington was a believer in Phlogiston, and attempted to discredit Lavoisier's theory of combustion and other discoveries. He published:
* 'Philosophical and Experimental Inquiry into the First and General Principles of Life,' London, 1781 (Monthly Review, lxvi. 98).
* 'Thoughts on the Properties and Formations of different kinds of Air,' London, 1785 (ib. lxxiv. 449).
* 'Letter … to Dr. Priestley, Messrs. ​
Cavendish, Lavoisier, and Kerwan … to prove that their … opinions of Inflammable and Dephlogisticated Airs forming Water, and the Acids being compounded of different Airs, are fallacious,' London, 1786.
* 'A Treatise on Air: containing New Experiments and Thoughts on Combustion; a full investigation of M. Lavoisier's System … proving … its erroneous principles,' London; 1791 . This work was published under the pseudonym of 'Richard Bewley, M.D.' (ib. 2nd ser. vi. 435, xiv. 462).
* 'Chemical Essays … with Observations and Strictures on Dr. Priestley,' &c., London, 1794 (ib. vi. 435).
* 'A New System on Fire and Planetary Life, showing that the Sun and Planets are inhabited, and that they enjoy the same Temperament as our Earth : also an Elucidation of the Phenomena of Electricity and Magnetism,' 1796, 8vo (ib. xxii. 107).
* 'Some New Experiments, with Observations upon Heat … also Letter to Henry Cavendish, esq.,' London, 1798.
* 'Experiments and Observations onVolta's Electric Pile. … Also Observations on Dr. Herschell's Papers on Light and Heat,' Carlisle, 1801.
* 'The Death-warrant of the French Theory of Chemistry With a Theory fully … accounting for all the Phenomena. Also a full … Investigation of … Galvanism, and Strictures upon the Chemical Opinions of Messrs. Weiglet, Cruickshanks, Davy, Leslie, Count Rumford, and Dr. Thompson; likewise Remarks upon Mr. Dalton's late Theory and other Observations,' 1804, 8vo.
* An Elucidation and Extension of the Harringtonian System of Chemistry, explaining all the Phenomena without one single Anomaly,' London, 1819. The Harringtonian system of the atmosphere was defended and developed in the 'Medical Spectator,' 1794, attributed to Dr. John Sherwin (Nichols, Lit. Anecd. ix. 150). Harrington's critics speak of his uncouth style and desultory reasoning.
[Authorities quoted; Halkett and Laing's Dict. Anon. Lit.; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Biog. Dict. of Living Authors, 1816; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
J. M. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harris, Francis

​HARRIS, FRANCIS, M.D. (1829–1885), physician, son of a hat manufacturer, was born on 1 Dec. 1829 at Winchester Row, Southwark, and was baptised in St. Saviour's, Southwark. He was educated at King's College, London, and at Caius College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1852, and, after studying medicine at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, M.B. in 1854. He lived for a time in Gray's Inn, and in November 1856 became house-surgeon to the Children's Hospital in Great Ormond Street, London. In 1857 he became a member of the College of Physicians, and soon after went to continue his studies, first in Paris, and afterwards, under Virchow, in Berlin. After a year abroad his foreign studies concluded with a short visit to Prague and Vienna, and on his return to London he took to the practice of obstetrics, because he could see no other opportunity of practice; but in 1858 he was elected demonstrator of morbid anatomy at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, and in May 1859 assistant-physician to the Children's Hospital in Great Ormond Street. In that year he took his M.D. degree at Cambridge. His thesis, which was published, was ‘On the Nature of the Substance found in the Amyloid Degeneration of Various Organs of the Human Body.’ In this he described two cases of amyloid disease of the liver and two of the kidneys, which were the only cases he had met with in sixty post-mortems made at St. Bartholomew's; these were the first elaborate descriptions of the disease by an English morbid anatomist. He attained some reputation from this work, and never published any other. In 1861 he abandoned midwifery and was elected assistant-physician to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, and in the same year lecturer on botany; and in August 1861 married his second cousin, Marianne Harris. In 1865 he bought an estate at Lamberhurst, Kent, a district he had liked from boyhood, and here many guests and all his neighbours used to enjoy his kindly hospitality and pithy conversation. He cultivated pineapples, oranges, and orchids. A dendrobium and a calanthe, hybrids which he produced, are called after him. He became subject to bronchitis, resigned his physiciancy in 1874, became more and more of a valetudinarian, caught cold while fishing in Hampshire, and died at his town house, 24 Cavendish Square, of pneumonia of both lungs, on 3 Sept. 1885. He was buried in the churchyard of Brenchley, Kent. His astuteness as a physician was extraordinary, and his kindness to younger physicians unbounded. His hair began to grow grey when he was sixteen, and when he was labouring under his fatal illness, in the prime of life, he looked an old man.
[Dr. Gee's Memoir of Harris; St. Bartholomew's Hospital Reports, 1885; personal knowledge.]
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Morwen, John

​MORWEN, MORING, or MORVEN, JOHN (1518?–1561?), divine, born about 1518, was a Devonshire man of a good family (Visitations of Devon, Harl. Soc., p. 193). Going to Oxford, he was placed under a relative, Robert Morwen [q. v.], the president of Corpus Christi College, and under Morwen's influence he adopted reactionary religious views. He was scholar of the college 1535, fellow 1539, graduated B.A. 1538, proceeded M. A. 1543, and B.D. 1552. Becoming a noted Greek scholar, he was appointed reader in that language in his college. Among his pupils was Jewel. Seeing how things went in Edward VI's time, he is said to have studied physic, but this, though confirmed by an entry in the registers, seems at variance with the fact of his graduation in divinity. When Mary came to the throne Morwen became prominent. He was secretary to Bonner, and assisted in the trials of heretics (cf. Foxe, Acts and Monuments, vi. 721). On Good Friday 1557 he preached at St. Paul's Cross. In 1558 he became a prebendary of St. Paul's, and received the livings of St. Martin's Ludgate, Copford, Asheldam, and Whickam Bishops, all in London diocese. He lost all at Elizabeth's accession, and was put in the Fleet for preaching at Ludgate in favour of the mass. He was released on submission, and perhaps was protected by William Roper, son-in-law to More, whose daughter he taught; but he was again in trouble in 1561 for scattering a libel in Cheshire—that is to say a reply to Pilkington's sermon about the fire at St. Paul's, which Romanists considered as a portent. From this time he disappeared.
Morwen contributed epitaphs in Greek and Latin on Henry and Charles Brandon to the collection issued in 1551, and published a Latin epitaph on Gardiner in 1555 (London, 4to), which Hearne reprinted in his 'Curious Discourses.' Julines Palmer [q. v.], who was burnt in 1556, composed a reply an 'epicedium' to the epitaph on Gardiner, and it was found when his study was searched. Bodleian MS. 439 contains opuscula in Greek and Latin by Morwen. Translations from Greek into Latin of 'The Lives of Artemius and other Saints,' dedicated to Queen Mary, form MS. Reg. 13, B, x, in the British Museum.
[Wood's Athenæ, ed. Bliss, i. 195; Le Neve's Fasti, ii. 384, 560, iii. 565; Prince's Worthies of Devon, p. 454; Narratives of the Reformation (Camd. Soc.), p. 84; Churton's Life of Alexander Nowell, pp. 52, 61; Dixon's Hist, of Church of England, iv. 182, 348, 687; Strype's Memorials, in. ii. 2, 29; Annals, i. i. 60, 61, 253, 414; Casley's Cat. Royal MSS. 221.]
W. A. J. A.