OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hart, Philip

​HART, PHILIP (d. 1749), organist and musical composer, was son of James Hart (1647–1718), a gentleman of the Chapel Royal, and chorister of Westminster Abbey, many of whose songs appear in Playford's ‘Collections’ from 1676 to 1692, and who was buried in Westminster Abbey on 5 May 1718. The son Philip was for upwards of fifty years organist of St. Andrew Undershaft and of St. Michael's, Cornhill. He resigned his appointment at St. Michael's, and on 28 May 1724 was elected the first organist of St. Dionis Backchurch. He died on 17 July 1749, at an advanced age, and after a long illness. By his will (dated 13 Oct. 1747, which was witnessed by John Byfield, apparently the organ-builder), he bequeathed his property to his nephew William, son of his brother, George Hart (a member of the Chapel Royal, 1694). Hart is said by Hawkins to have been a sound musician, but to have ‘entertained little relish’ for innovations. Hawkins also describes Hart's frequent use of the ‘shake’ in playing, and records how he was wont to discourse music at Britton's in the company of Handel, Pepusch, Woollaston, and others. As a composer, Hart was no more than respectable. His setting of Hughes's ‘Ode in Praise of Musick’ was performed on St. Cecilia's day, 1703, and published in 4to. The manuscript score, entitled ‘An Ode to Harmony,’ is now in the British Museum. Hart edited about 1720 in 8vo, ‘Melodies proper to be sung to … ye Psalms of David,’ and published music to ‘The Morning Hymn’ (from ‘Paradise Lost’) in 1729, 4to. His other compositions were:
* ‘Fugues for the Organ and Harpsichord,’ an early work.
* Anthems: ‘I will give thanks,’ and ‘Praise the Lord, ye Servants,’ in vol. v. of the Tudway Collection (Harleian MS. 7341).
* Many songs, including a ‘Song upon the Safe Return of His Majesty King William,’ written about 1700, and ‘Sound the Trumpet,’ which was written to celebrate the nuptials of the Prince of Orange and the Princess Royal, 1734, and others, like ‘Ye curious Winds,’ in Handelian style.
Some of Hart's music is in a manuscript collection of ‘Suites for the Harpsichord,’ Addit. MS. 31465 (British Museum).
[Hawkins's Hist. of Music, iii. 734, 791, 825; Husk's Celebrations of St. Cecilia's Day, p. 53; Reg. of Wills, P. C. C. Lisle, 218.]
L. M. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hart, James (1663-1729)

​HART, JAMES (1663–1729), minister of Edinburgh, born in 1663, studied at the university of Edinburgh, and graduated A.M. on 11 July 1687. He became minister of Ratho, near Edinburgh, in July 1692, and ten years afterwards (19 Aug. 1702) was translated to Greyfriars' Church, Edinburgh, as successor to Gilbert Rule. During the early years of his pastorate he strongly opposed the Union. He denounced Principal William Carstares [q. v.] from the pulpit as an enemy to his country and a traitor to the church. He was speedily reconciled to the change in political affairs after the Union was effected, and in 1714 was deputed with others by the General Assembly to congratulate George I on his accession to the throne. George nominated him to the post of king's almoner in 1726, and he died pastor of Greyfriars' Church on 10 June 1729. Wodrow describes him as ‘a worthy, good man, and one whose sermons were much haunted. He was naturally a little warm and keen, but of considerable gravity and prudence with it.’ When Steele visited Scotland in 1718 he met Hart while endeavouring to bring about a union betwixt the presbyterian and episcopal churches, and was much impressed by his singular and original character. The contrast between Hart's affability and benevolence in private and his fierce diatribes in the pulpit against sin and the doom awaiting the sinner attracted Steele's notice, and he afterwards referred to him as ‘the hangman of the Gospel.’ Hart's published works were a sermon entitled ‘The Qualifications of Rulers and the Duty of Subjects described,’ Edinburgh, 1703, and ‘The Journal of Mr. James Hart in 1714’ (edited by Principal Lee, Edinburgh, 1832). He married, first, Margaret Livingston, and secondly, Mary Campbell, by whom he had thirteen children, nine of whom survived him.
[Hew Scott's Fasti, i. 42, 140, 399; Aitken's Life of Steele, ii. 154; Wodrow's Analecta, iv. 62; Stevenson's History; Cibber's Lives of the Poets, iv. 118; Chambers's Domestic Annals of Scotland.]
A. H. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hart, James (fl.1633)

​HART, JAMES (fl. 1633), physician, was born probably between 1580 and 1590, and, though his pedigree cannot be traced, most likely in Northamptonshire. In 1607 and 1608, or perhaps longer, he studied in Paris, and travelled in other parts of France. He afterwards lived at Meissen in Saxony; in 1610 was travelling in Bohemia, and went probably later to Basle to complete his studies. Either at Basle or elsewhere on the continent he took the degree of M.D., and about 1612 settled as a physician probably from the first at Northampton, where he lived at least twenty or thirty years, and apparently succeeded in practice. He never belonged to the College of Physicians (though that body licensed his chief work in flattering terms) nor to the Company of Barber-Surgeons. He was a strong puritan, an appellation which he adopts more than once in his writings.
Hart's principal work, ‘Kλινική, or the Diet of the Diseased’ (London, 1633, folio), though little known, is of interest and value. This ‘fruit of twenty years' experience’ is an attempt, quite in harmony with the Hippocratic traditions, to prescribe the proper regimen and physical conditions in disease as well as in health, dealing with health, air, exercise, and the like, though not with drugs. It had scarcely any forerunner in medical literature since the classical times, and though the importance of such matters is now generally recognised, it has had till quite recently but few successors. Its general character is that of a learned compilation modified by common sense and experience. In copiousness of quotation it sometimes almost approaches Burton's ‘Anatomy of Melancholy;’ and the zeal displayed in refuting vulgar errors is worthy of Sir Thomas Browne himself. In rationality and freedom from the tyranny of therapeutic routine it is far in advance of most medical works of the time, and apart from its professional interest presents instructive pictures of the manners and customs of the seventeenth century. Hart's two other works (both dedicated to Charles I when Prince of Wales) are entitled: 1. ‘The Arraignment of Urines, by Peter Forrest, epitomised and translated by James Hart,’ London, 1623, 4to; and 2. ‘The Anatomie of Urines, or the second part of our Discourse on Urines,’ London, 1625, 4to. They expose the fallacies of diagnosis by means of an examination of urine at the hands of ignorant persons, and attack three kinds of trespassers on the medical domain, unlicensed quacks, meddlesome old women, and above all, prescribing divines. The British Museum copy of the first of these works has bound up with it a manuscript chapter, evidently in the handwriting of the author, which it is said ‘could by no means be got to be licensed;’ it also strongly denounces the ‘intrusion of parsons … upon the profession of phisicke.’
[Hart's Works; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
J. F. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hart, Joseph Binns

​HART, JOSEPH BINNS (1794–1844), organist and compiler of dance music, born in London in 1794, was chorister at St. Paul's Cathedral, under Sale, from 1801 to 1810, and during those years had lessons on the organ from S. Wesley and Matthew Cook, and on the pianoforte from J. B. Cramer. At the early age of eleven Hart often played as deputy for Attwood, the organist of St. Paul's. In 1810 he was elected organist of Walthamstow Church, Essex, and joined the Earl of Uxbridge's household as organist for three years. Hart was elected, after severe competition, organist of Tottenham Church (Middle​sex). On the introduction of the quadrille at Almack's by Lady Jersey after 1815 (Grove, iii. 55), Hart, who was described as teacher and pianist at private balls, began his long series of adaptations of national and operatic airs to the fashionable dance measures. His most notable achievement was the compilation in 1819 of the tunes of the Original Lancers, which are still popular (ib. ii. 89). From 1818 to 1821 Hart was chorus-master and pianist at the English opera (Lyceum), and wrote the songs for ‘Amateurs and Actors,’ 1818, ‘The Bull's Head,’ ‘A Walk for a Wager,’ 1819, ‘The Vampyre,’ 1820, and other musical farces and melodramas. From 1829 until his death Hart lived at Hastings, where he opened a musicseller's shop, conducted a small band, and played the organ at St. Mary's Chapel. He died on 10 Dec. 1844 at Hastings, aged 50.
Some of Hart's most successful quadrilles were based on the music of ‘Don Giovanni,’ 1818, ‘Les Lanciers,’ 1819, ‘Les Hussars,’ Locke's ‘Macbeth,’ ‘Pietro l'Eremita,’ 1822, English melodies, ‘Donna del Lago,’ 1823, ‘Der Freischütz,’ 1824, Irish melodies, and Scotch melodies. He composed forty-eight sets in all. He was also the author of some waltzes and royal gallopades. ‘An Easy Mode of Teaching Thorough Bass and Composition’ is ascribed to him.
[Dict. of Music, 1827, p. 333; Grove's Dict. of Music, i. 693, ii. 89, iii. 55; Sussex Advertiser, 17 Dec. 1844.]
L. M. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hart, Joseph (1712?-1768)

​HART, JOSEPH (1712?–1768), independent divine and hymn-writer, was born in London about 1712, and was religiously brought up. After much spiritual perturbation, extending over four-and-twenty years, he achieved his conversion, after hearing a sermon on Rev. iii. 10 preached in the Moravian Chapel in Fetter Lane, on Whit-Sunday, 1757. From the end of 1760 until his death on 24 May 1768 he preached regularly at Jewin Street Chapel, London, where he gathered a large congregation. He was buried in Bunhill Fields. Twenty thousand people are said to have listened to the funeral sermon. He left a widow and several children.
Hart published: 1. ‘The Unreasonableness of Religion; being Remarks and Animadversions on Mr. John Wesley's Sermon on Rom. viii. 32,’ London, 1741, 12mo (an apparently serious argument to prove that religion not only receives no support from reason, but is diametrically opposed to it); and 2. ‘Hymns, &c., composed on various Subjects. With a Preface, containing a brief Account of the Author's Experience,’ London, 1759, 12mo. The hymns are of an ultra-Calvinistic tone. The preface has been reprinted as ‘The Experience of Joseph Hart,’ London, 1862, 16mo.
[Wilson's Hist. of Dissenting Churches, iii. 342–7; the Preface to the Hymns.]
J. M. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hart, Henry (fl.1549)

Henry Harte in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
​HART, HENRY (fl. 1549), was author of 1. 'A Godly New short treatyse instructyng every parson howe they shulde trade theyr lyves in the Imytacyon of Vertu, and the shewing of vyce, and declaryng also what benefyte man hath receaved by christe, through the effusyon of hys most precyous bloude' (Robert Stoughton), 1548, 16 mo, (Brit. Mus.); and 2.' A Godly exhortation to all such as professe the Gospell, wherein they are by the swete promises therof provoked and styrred up to followe the same in living, and by the terrible threats feared from the contrary,' London (John Day and William Seres), 1549, 8vo.
[Ames's Typ. Antiq. (Herbert), pp. 623, 750; Brit. Mus. and Bodl. Libr. Cat.]
R. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lucas, Charles (1769-1854)

​LUCAS, CHARLES (1769–1854), miscellaneous writer and divine, son of William Lucas of Daventry, was born in 1769, and matriculated from Oriel College, Oxford, 15 July 1786. He styled himself 'A.M.' ​on the title-pages of his books, but the university register does not recognise him as a graduate. In 1791 he became curate of Avebury, Wiltshire, where he devoted himself to writing novels and religious poems. He left Avebury in 1816 and settled at Devizes, where he died in 1854.
His chief works are:
* 'A Descriptive Account in Blank Verse of the old Serpentine Temple of the Druids at Avebury,' 1795; 2nd edit, with notes, Marlborough, 1801, 4to.
* 'Free Thoughts on a General Reform,' Bath, 1796.
* 'The Castle of St. Donat's, or the History of Jack Smith,' 1798, 3 vols. 12mo.
* 'The Infernal Quixote, a Tale of the Day,' 4 vols. London, 1801, 12mo, dedicated to Pitt.
* 'The Abissinian Reformer, or the Bible and the Sabre,' a novel, London, 1808, 12mo.
* 'Joseph,' a religious poem, 2 vols. London, 1810, 8vo.
[Works in Brit. Mus.; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Foster's Alumni Oxon. 1715-1886.]
A. F. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lucas, Henry (fl.1795)

​LUCAS, HENRY (fl. 1795), poet, son of Dr. Charles Lucas [q. v.], the Irish patriot, was born at Dublin about 1740, and obtained in 1757 a scholarship at Trinity College, Dublin, whence he graduated B.A. in 1759, and M.A. in 1762 (Cat. of Dublin Graduates). He became a student at the Middle Temple, but abandoned the law to write complimentary occasional verse of a very obsequious order. He published: 1. 'The Tears of ​Alnwick; a Pastoral Elegy on the Death of the Duchess of Northumberland,' 1777, 4to. 2. 'A Visit from the Shades, or Earl Chatham's Adieu to his Friend, Lord Camden; a Poem,' London, 1778, 4to. 3. 'Poems to her Majesty, to which is added a new Tragedy, entitled the Earl of Somerset, literally founded on History,' 1779, 4to. This work is dedicated to the queen, and included among its subscribers Dr. Johnson, Sir Joshua Reynolds, Benjamin West, and Peter Pindar. It commences with 'The Ejaculation,' occasioned by seeing the royal children, 'magnum Jovis incrementum,' which is followed by 'An Oblation; a Lyric Poem on her Majesty's happy Delivery of a Daughter, the now amiable Princess Sophia,' and concludes with 'The Earl of Somerset,' a tragedy (in blank verse), which has a fine engraved frontispiece, and deals with the poisoning of Sir Thomas Overbury, who expires in the fourth act with the words, 'Oh, how transient are human joys ! and all this world is—Oh !' Johnson, to whom he insisted on reading the tragedy, may well have exclaimed (as he is said to have done) 'I never did the man an injury' (Gent . Mag. 1791, i. 500). 4. 'The Cypress Wreath; a Poem to the Memory of Lord Robert Manners;' a fulsome eulogy of the Duke of Rutland's family, 1782,4to. 5. 'A Pastoral Elegy in Memory of the Duke of Northumberland,' 1786 6. 'Cœlina, a Mask … commemorative of the Nuptials of their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales and Princess Caroline,' London, 1795. In a 'P.S. au lecteur,' Lucas piteously complains that though 'satire never yet tainted his public pen,' he had never been able to obtain a trial on the stage. He is also credited by Baker with 'Love in Disguise,' an opera, 1776 (Biog. Dram. 1812, i. 464).
T. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lucas, Charles (1808-1869)

​LUCAS, CHARLES (1808–1869), musical composer, born at Salisbury 28 July 1808, was for eight years a chorister in the cathedral, and afterwards studied at the Royal Academy of Music. In 1830 he joined Queen Adelaide's private band, and about the same time became music preceptor to Prince George (now Duke) of Cambridge and the Princes of Saxe-Weimar. In 1832 he was appointed conductor at the Royal Academy of Music, and in 1839 organist of Hanover Chapel, Regent Street. He was for some time conductor of the Choral Harmonists' Society, and from 1840 to 1843 occasionally conducted at the Antient Concerts. From 1859 to 1866 he was principal of the Royal Academy of Music, and from 1856 to 1865 a member of the music-publishing house of Addison, Hollier, & Lucas. He was in much request as a violoncello player, and in that capacity succeeded Robert Lindley [q. v.] at the opera and the leading festivals and concerts. He composed an opera, 'The Regicide,' three symphonies, string quartets, anthems, songs, &c., and edited 'Esther' (1851) for the Handel Society. He died 23 March 1869, and was buried at Woking, Surrey.
[Grove's Dict. of Music, ii. 170, where the date of his death is erroneously given as 30 March; Musical Times, April and May 1869; Mag. of Music, October 1890, where his portrait is engraved.]
J. C. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lucas, Henry (d.1663)

​LUCAS, HENRY (d. 1663), founder of the Lucasian professorship, says in his will that his patrimony 'was snatched from him by unhappy suits in law during his childhood.' He studied for a time at St. John's College, Cambridge, but does not appear to have matriculated, and subsequently became secretary to the Earl of Holland, chancellor of the university. On the visit of Prince Charles Louis, elector, great palatine of the Rhine, to Cambridge, Lucas was admitted M.A. 5 Feb. 1635-6 (University Register). He was elected M.P. for the university on 11 March 1639-40, and on 24 Oct. 1640 (Lists of Members of Parliament, Official Return of, pt. i. pp. 480,485), and took both the covenant and engagement. He died in London on 22 July 1663, a bachelor (Addit. MS. (Cole) 5875, f. 22: Probate Act Book, P. C. C, 1663). In his will, dated 11 June 1663 (P. C. C. 96, Juxon), he directed his executors to purchase lands of the yearly value of 100l., to be employed as a stipend for a professor of the mathematical sciences in the university of Cambridge. To the university library he gave a small collection of mathematical books. The remainder of his estate (about 7,000l.) he bequeathed for the erection and endowment of a hospital in Berkshire or Surrey. The foundation was to consist of a chaplain or master and as many poor men as could be conveniently provided for. The poor men were to be nominated by his executors and their survivors, and afterwards by the Drapers' Company, out of the poorest inhabitants of the forest division in Berkshire and the bailiwick of Surrey, in or near the forest. Accordingly, a hospital was built in 1665 on Luckley Green, Wokingham, Berkshire (Lysons, Magna Britannia, vol. i. pt. ii. p. 443), and lands in Bedfordshire were purchased for its endowment, and for that of the mathematical professorship. In 1664 Isaac Barrow was appointed the first Lucasian professor, and Newton succeeded him in 1669.
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lucan, Earl of

​LUCAN, Earl of (d. 1693). [See Sarsfield, Patrick.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lucas, Anthony

​LUCAS, ANTHONY (1633–1693), jesuit, a native of the county of Durham, was born in 1633. He studied at St. Omer, and entered the Society of Jesus in 1662. In 1672 he became professor of theology in the college at Liège in Belgium, in 1680 rector of the college at Watten, and on 3 March 1686-1687 rector of the college at Liège. In 1687 he was removed to Rome to become rector of the English College there, and in 1693 was appointed provincial of his order. He died on 3 Oct. 1693. Lucas was involved in a controversy with Sir Isaac Newton respecting the prismatic spectrum. Another Jesuit, Francis Line [q. v.], had endeavoured to confute Newton's theory of light, and when Line died in 1675, a pupil, Gascoigne, sought Lucas's co-operation in continuing the attack on Newton. Lucas made valuable experiments, and published his results, which partly agreed with those of Newton, in the 'Philosophical Transactions' for 1676. Newton commended Lucas's researches.
[Foley's Collections, VII. i. 467; Brewster's Life of Newton, i. 82; Playfair's Works, ed. 1822, ii. 379; Abridg. Phil. Trans. ii. 334.]
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lamb, Edward Buckton

​LAMB, EDWARD BUCKTON (1806–1869), architect, born in 1806, had a large practice as an architect in the modern Gothic style. From 1824 he exhibited at the Royal Academy; showing in 1869 a design for the Smithfield Martyrs' Memorial Church in St. John Street, Clerkenwell. Some of his designs were published in lithography. Lamb published in 1830 ‘Etchings of Gothic Ornament,’ in four parts, and in 1846 ‘Studies of Ancient Domestic Architecture, principally selected from Original Drawings in the Collection of Sir W. Burrell.’ He died at his residence in Hinde Street, Manchester Square, on 30 Aug. 1869.
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lamb, James

James Lambe in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
​LAMB, JAMES (1599–1664), orientalist, baptised on 2 Feb. 1598–9 in All Saints parish, Oxford, was son of Richard Lamb, by his second wife. After attending Magdalen College school he matriculated as a commoner of Brasenose College on 2 July 1613 (Oxf. Univ. Reg., Oxf. Hist. Soc., vol. ii. pt. ii. p. 331), and graduated B.A. in 1615–1616, and M.A. as a member of St. Mary Hall in 1619–20 (ib. vol. ii. pt. iii. p. 341). He became chaplain to Thomas Wriothesley, earl of Southampton. On 23 July 1660 he was installed prebendary of Westminster (Le Neve, Fasti, ed. Hardy, iii. 360), was created D.D. at Oxford on 9 Aug. following, and on 4 Jan. 1662–3 was presented to the rectory of St. Andrew, Holborn. He died on 18 Oct. 1664, and was buried on the 20th in Westminster Abbey, leaving a widow, Elizabeth, of the Bromfield family of Kent (Chester, Registers of Westminster Abbey, p. 161). He bequeathed many of his books to the Abbey library. In the Bodleian Library are the following manuscripts by Lamb:
* ‘Grammatica Arabica,’ 3 vols. 4to.
* ‘Danielis Prophetiæ liber, Syriace,’ 4to.
* ‘Collectanea ad Lexicon Arabicum spectantia,’ 4 vols. oblong 8vo.
* ‘Flexio Verborum Arabicorum,’ 8vo.
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. (Bliss), iii. 668.]
G. G.