OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jewitt, Thomas Orlando Sheldon

​JEWITT, THOMAS ORLANDO SHELDON (1799–1869), wood-engraver, born in Derbyshire in 1799, was second son of Arthur Jewitt [q. v.] and his wife Martha, daughter of Thomas Sheldon. Jewitt was brought up with his family at Buxton, at Kimberworth, near Rotherham, Yorkshire, and subsequently at Duffield in Derbyshire. From an early age he devoted himself to wood-engraving, practising with the rudest materials and without any instruction. In 1815 he illustrated with woodcuts a volume, ‘Wanderings of Memory,’ by his elder brother, the Rev. Arthur George Jewitt. When his father, in 1817, published the first number of the ‘Northern Star, or Yorkshire Magazine,’ Jewitt contributed, with woodcuts and other engravings from his own drawings, an account of an extended walking tour in Derbyshire, which he had taken in May of that year. He rapidly established himself as a rising artist, and became known for the excellence of his architectural and archæological drawings and woodcuts. He was employed by Mr. J. H. Parker of Oxford to illustrate the numerous architectural publications issued by him, such as the ‘Glossary of Architecture’ and ‘Memorials of Oxford.’ For this purpose he removed to Headington, near Oxford. Subsequently he left Oxford for London, where he had almost a monopoly of the special class of wood-engraving in which he excelled. He was regularly employed as an artist by the Archæological Institute. He was engaged on the illustrations to Burn's ‘Rome and the Campagna’ when he was attacked by a fatal illness. He died at Clifton Villas, Camden Square, London, on 30 May 1869.
Jewitt was an enthusiastic naturalist and botanist, and illustrated many publications of this class from his own drawings. He had many pupils. He did much work in conjunction with his younger brother, Llewellynn Frederick William Jewitt [q. v.]
[Goss's Life of Llewellynn Jewitt; Art Journal, 1869; Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Chatto and Jackson's Hist. of Wood Engraving, ed. Bohn.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jevon, Thomas

​JEVON, THOMAS (1652–1688), actor and dramatist, born in 1652, was a dancing-master, but worked his way on to the stage, and played leading low-comedy parts in London between 1673 and 1688. He appeared as Sneak in D'Urfey's ‘Fond Husband’ in 1676, and made a brilliant success as Harlequin in Mountford's farcical ‘Dr. Faustus.’ His only published play, and probably, as a contemporary manuscript note on one of the British Museum copies says, ‘the only dramatick performance of Mr. Thos. Jevon,’ was ‘The Devil of a Wife; or a Comical Transformation,’ which was licensed by Roger L'Estrange on 30 March 1686, and was produced immediately afterwards at Dorset Garden, where Jevon usually acted. Jevon and George Powell [q. v.] played the two leading rôles, Jobson and Noddy, and the piece, in which it is possible, as Baker suggests, that the author had the assistance of his brother-in-law, Thomas Shadwell [q. v.], achieved a great success, passing through eight editions between the date of its appearance and 1735, and forming the groundwork of Coffey's opera, ‘The Devil to Pay,’ produced in 1731. The plot of the play is borrowed from the story of Mopsa in Sidney's ‘Arcadia’ (Langbaine, Lives and Characters of English Dramatick Poets, p. 76). Jevon wrote the prologue for and acted in Mrs. Behn's ‘Emperor of the Moon’ in 1687, and in 1688 he played Sir William Belford in Shadwell's ‘Squire of Alsatia,’ and Toby in D'Urfey's ‘Fool's Preferment.’ The latter was his last part. Jevon died in the same year, and was buried in Hampstead churchyard on 24 Dec. An infant named Thomas Jevon, probably Jevon's son, was buried near the same spot on 13 Sept. 1684 (Lysons, ii. 545).
Jevon seems to have been long remembered. Colley Cibber is made to say in ‘The Egotist’ (1743): ‘My modesty is like that of Jevon the comedian, who coming into a club of his acquaintance with dirty shoes, contentedly took a clean napkin from the table to wipe them, when the waiter desired him to stay till he could fetch him a coarse cloth. Jevon gently replied, “No! no! thank you, my good lad; this will serve me well enough.”’ Another anecdote is told of him in Downes's ​‘Roscius Anglicanus,’ p. 45, which provoked the editor, Davies, to remark that Jevon must have been a contemptible buffoon. Langbaine describes him as a good actor, and specially notices his ‘activity.’
[Baker's Biog. Dram. i. 399; Genest, i. 450, 465; Doran's Annals, i. 143; Lowe's Betterton, p. 136; Nouvelle Biog. Générale.]
T. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jevons, Mary Anne

​JEVONS, MARY ANNE (1795–1845), poetess, eldest daughter of William Roscoe [q. v.], was born at Liverpool in 1795, and was married on 23 Nov. 1825 to Thomas Jevons. She was the mother of William Stanley Jevons [q. v.] Her youth was spent in constant companionship with her father, a good deal of whose poetical talent she inherited. She contributed to ‘Poems for Youth, by a Family Circle,’ 1820–1, 2 parts (3rd edition 1841), and wrote ‘Poems by one of the Authors of “Poems for Youth,” &c.,’ 1821, 12mo, pp. 66. She edited ‘The Sacred Offering, a Poetical Annual,’ 1831–8, the contents of which were chiefly written by members of the Roscoe family. Her own contributions were in 1845 collected under the title of ‘Sonnets and other Poems, chiefly Devotional,’ 8vo, pp. x, 134. In person she was remarkably handsome, with very fascinating manners. She died in London on 13 Nov. 1845.
[Letters and Journal of W. Stanley Jevons, 1886, p. 2; Gent. Mag. January 1846, p. 103; Brit. Mus. and Manchester and Liverpool Free Library Catalogues.]
C. W. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jewett, Randolph

​JEWETT, RANDAL or RANDOLPH (d. 1675), organist and composer, is said to have received the (honorary?) degree of Mus. Bac. at Trinity College, Dublin, and to have studied music under Orlando Gibbons. Jewett was organist of the cathedrals of St. Patrick and Christ Church, Dublin, in 1631; was succeeded at Christ Church by Dr. B. Rogers in 1639; and was vicar-choral of St. Patrick's for a brief period in 1639, and again in 1641. He was vicar-choral of Christ Church in 1646. About this time (probably on the suppression of cathedral establishments) Jewett came to England, and was admitted minor canon of St. Paul's, 1661. For a short time before his death Jewett was organist of Winchester. He died there 4 July 1675. He describes himself in his will as Randolph Jewett of Winchester, gentleman, and it is possible that he was never ordained. Jewett left his property to his wife Anna (d. 1692), his son Benjamin (d. 1691), who graduated B.A. from Magdalen College, Oxford, 19 June 1669 (see Bloxam, Register, ii. 75), his daughter Deborah, and his grandchildren, John, Elizabeth, and Mary Jewett. Monuments of the family are in the north transept of Winchester Cathedral.
The solo funeral anthem, ‘I heard a voice,’ said in Tudway's collection, vol. iii. (Harl. MS. 7339), to be by Mr. Jewett of Exeter, is, with three more anthems and collects in Clifford's ‘Divine Services,’ ascribed to Randolph Jewett.
[Wood's Fasti, vol. i. col. 392; Grove's Dict. of Music, iv. 170; P. C. C. Registers of Wills, Dycer, fol. 76; Woodward's Hampshire, i. 77.]
L. M. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jewitt, Arthur

​JEWITT, ARTHUR (1772–1852), topographer, eldest son of Arthur Jewitt, by Mary, daughter of Jonathan Priestley of Dronfield, was born at Sheffield on 7 March 1772, and at the age of fourteen was bound apprentice to his father, a cutler. At the expiration of his apprenticeship on his twenty-first birthday, 7 March 1793, he married Martha, daughter of Thomas Sheldon of Crooke's Moor, Sheffield. He had read largely from youth, and now opened a private school. In 1794 he became master of a school at Chesterfield, and after several removals and changes was master of the Kimberworth school from 1814 to 1818, when he retired from educational work and removed to Duffield, near Derby. There he remained until 1838, when he joined some of his family at Headington, near Oxford. He died at Headington on his birthday, 7 March 1852. His wife died at Duffield in November 1835. Two of his seven sons, Llewellynn Frederick William Jewitt and Thomas Orlando Sheldon Jewitt, are separately noticed.
Jewitt was well known by his topographical works. ‘The History of Lincolnshire’ appeared in 1810, and ‘The History of Buxton’ in 1811. In July 1817 he commenced ‘The Northern Star, or Yorkshire Magazine,’ a monthly register of arts, biography, statistics, manufactures, &c., which ran to three volumes, 1817–18. On 1 Jan. 1818 he brought out the first number of ‘The Sylph, or Lady's Magazine for Yorkshire, Derbyshire, and the adjoining Counties.’ ‘The Lincoln and Lincolnshire Cabinet and Annual Intelligencer’ appeared at Lincoln during 1827–9. His ‘Matlock Companion,’ 1835, and ‘Derbyshire Gems’ were very popular. His ‘Handbook of Practical Perspective,’ 1840, and his ‘Handbook of Geometry,’ 1842, were adopted by the committee of council on education. He contributed mathematical papers to the ‘British Diary’ and to the ‘Lady's’ and the ‘Gentleman's’ diaries, ​and was a writer for the ‘Penny Magazine,’ and for Britton and Brayley's ‘Graphic and Historical Illustrator.’
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Darley, John Richard

​DARLEY, JOHN RICHARD (1799–1884), bishop of Kilmore, Elphin, and Ardagh, a member of a mercantile family long connected with the city of Dublin, was the second son of Richard Darley of Fairfield, co. Monaghan, by Elizabeth, daughter of B. Brunker of Rockcorry, in the same county. He was born at Fairfield in November 1799. From the royal school of Dungannon he entered Trinity College, Dublin, in 1816, and soon distinguished himself in classics, mathematics, and Hebrew; in 1819 he was elected to a foundation scholarship, and graduated B.A. 1820, M.A. 1827, and B.D. and D.D. 1875. Devoting his attention in early life chiefly to scholastic pursuits, he was successively head-master of the grammar school of Dundalk, 1826, in which year he was ordained; head-master of the royal school of Dungannon, 1831; rector of Drumgoon, in the diocese of Kilmore, 1850; and archdeacon of Ardagh, and rector of Templemichael, in that diocese, 1866. He published two classical works, ‘The Grecian Drama; a Treatise on the Dramatic Literature of the Greeks,’ London, 1840, 8vo; and ‘Homer, with Questions,’ 1848, 12mo. On the death of Thomas Carson, LL.D., he was elected by the joint synods, 23 Sept. 1874, to the bishopric of Kilmore, Elphin, and Ardagh, and was consecrated in Armagh Cathedral on the 25th of the month following, being the second bishop appointed under the new constitution of the church of Ireland. At the time of his election comments were freely made with regard to his age, but he proved equal to the duties of the episcopate. He died 20 Jan. 1884, leaving a widow, the eldest daughter of John, third lord Plunket, and sister of the present Lord Plunket archbishop of Dublin, whom he married in 1851.
B. H. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Darling, Grace Horsley

​DARLING, GRACE HORSLEY (1815–1842), heroine, born at Bamborough, Northumberland, 24 Nov. 1815, was the daughter, and seventh of nine children, of William Darling, by his wife Thomasin (Horsley). William Darling in 1815 succeeded his father as keeper of a lighthouse on the Farne Islands. He was a man of strong religious principles, who brought up his children carefully, objecting to light literature, and regarding cards as the devil's books, but who had tastes for music and natural history. On 7 Sept. 1838 the Forfarshire steamboat was ​wrecked upon one of the rocks, and most of the persons on board were lost. Darling, who was alone with his wife and daughter, saw that a few of them had found refuge on a rock. He launched a coble and rowed to the place with the help of his daughter, knowing that it would be impossible to return without the help of some of the endangered persons. Four men and a woman were successfully taken off by Darling and his daughter and brought to the lighthouse. Darling then returned with two of the rescued men and brought off four men who had been left.
The reports of this gallant exploit produced an outburst of enthusiasm. The Humane Society voted gold medals to Darling and his daughter. The treasury gave 50l. to Grace. A sum of 750l., produced by subscription, was invested for the benefit of Grace, and 270l. for the benefit of her father. Applications for locks of hair came in till Grace was in danger of baldness. The proprietor of Batty's circus tried to engage her, and advertised her appearance on the stage. Darling wrote to the papers complaining that he and his daughter had had to sit for their portrait seven times in twelve days.
Grace was happily not spoilt by her popularity. She received much good advice from the Duke of Northumberland, who was one of her trustees, and remained a hardworking, sensible girl. She left her island occasionally, but came back with such reports of the outer world as deterred her from marriage. She was always rather delicate, and beneath the average in height. She suddenly showed symptoms of consumption, and died 20 Oct. 1842. She was buried at Bamborough. Her mother died in 1848; and her father, who had been allowed to retire on full pay in 1860, died 28 May 1865.
[The most authentic account is in ‘Grace Darling, her true story, from unpublished papers in possession of the family’ (1880); William Darling's Journal from 1795 to 1860 has been recently published (1887); there are also unsatisfactory lives by Thomas Arthur (Religious Book Society) and Eva Hope (Grace Darling, the heroine of the Farne Islands; her life and its lessons).]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Darling, James

​DARLING, JAMES (1797–1862), bookseller and publisher, was born in Edinburgh in 1797, and in 1809 apprenticed to Adam Black, the well-known publisher. Having completed his term he came to London in 1818 and at once entered the establishment of Ogle, Duncan, & Cochran, 295 High Holborn, who then carried on a trade in theological books, where he had opportunities of increasing his knowledge of literature. Here he remained until 1825, when he commenced business on his own account at Little Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields. For many years he was a member of the Scottish presbyterian church, and was one of the friends of the Rev. Edward Irving; subsequently he joined the church of England. Acting on a suggestion of several clergymen, he in 1839 commenced a library for the use of theological students. It was at first named the Clerical Library and afterwards the Metropolitan Library. Every subscriber of one guinea was to have the privilege of borrowing from the library any volume he pleased, a boon hitherto unheard of, and subscribers were also entitled to make use of the reading-room as a kind of club, papers, reviews, and magazines being liberally supplied. To render the benefit more complete, Darling compiled in 1843 the ‘Bibliotheca Clericalis, or the Catalogue of the Books in the Clerical Library and Reading Rooms, 21, 22, and 23 Little Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields,’ a volume of 316 pages, giving an abstract of the contents of all the principal works. The Clerical Library was of admitted usefulness, but not pecuniarily successful. Its contents were sold by auction, and its proprietor resumed his business as a bookseller. In 1851 he brought out the first part of the ‘Cyclopædia Bibliographica, or Library Manual of Theological and General Literature: Authors,’ which, next to Watt and Lowndes, is the most important bibliographical work ever produced in England. The first portion, ‘Authors,’ was completed in 1854. It contains the names of all theological authors of note, gives a short biographical or descriptive notice of their writings, and then an analysis of each volume. The second volume appeared in 1859. It contained ‘Subjects,’ and gave an account of all works bearing upon the scriptures, a list of commentators upon every book, and a list of all the sermons upon every verse of the Bible. The labour of preparing such a book was enormous, but latterly Darling had an able assistant in his son. A promised third volume of ‘General Subjects in Theology’ was never published. Another work bearing his name is ‘Catalogue of Books belonging to Sir William Heathcote at Hursley Park, 1834,’ lithographed in imitation of manuscript. He died at his residence, Fortess Terrace West, Kentish Town, London, on 2 March 1862.
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Darling, William

​DARLING, WILLIAM (1802–1884), anatomist, was born at Demse in Scotland, in 1802. He was educated at Edinburgh University, and in 1830 went to America and began to study medicine in the University Medical School, New York, where he took a degree in 1840, having devoted the whole of his time during the intervening years to the teaching as well as the study of anatomy, in which branch of the profession he acquired a considerable reputation. In 1842 he came to England, and in November 1856 was made a member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. He was already well advanced in age when he passed the examination for the fellowship of the college. In 1862 he returned to New York, and was soon afterwards appointed professor of anatomy in the medical school in which he had been a student. His anatomical collection was considered one of the finest in the city. Besides his knowledge of anatomy, Darling had a thorough acquaintance with mathematics, and exhibited an unusual taste for poetry, which he occasionally essayed to write himself. His only publications are ‘Anatomography, or Graphic Anatomy,’ London, 1880, obl. fol., ‘A Small Compound of Anatomy,’ and ‘Essentials of Anatomy.’ He also edited Professor Draper's work. He died at the university of New York on Christmas day 1884, at the advanced age of eighty-two.
R. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Darling, George

​DARLING, GEORGE (1782?–1862), physician, born at Stow, near Galashiels, was educated at the university of Edinburgh, and, having made two or three voyages as surgeon in the East India Company's service, settled in London in general practice. At the end of four years he began to practise as a physician, having become a licentiate of the London College. He had a considerable intimacy with artists, Wilkie, Haydon, Lawrence, and Chantrey being both his patients and his friends. In 1814 he published anonymously ‘An Essay on Medical Economy,’ which he dedicated to his friend and fellow-countryman Sir James Mackintosh. The title of this ably written book was not well chosen, for it enters into the whole question of medical reform, as regards the education, practice, and status of medical men, and anticipates many of the changes which have since taken place in the profession, such as the establishment of a university in London and the conjoint scheme of medical examination. Darling was of a singularly retiring disposition, and published this essay anonymously. At a later period he interested himself about the making of bread by the disengagement of carbonic acid by chemical means, and printed a pamphlet on the subject, ‘Instructions for Making Unfermented Bread.’ This, like the book just mentioned, was anonymously published. It first appeared in 1846, and the seventeenth edition is dated 1851. He died on 30 March 1862, in his eightieth year.
J. D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Darlugdach

Dar Lugdach in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
​DARLUGDACH, Saint (d. 522), second abbess of Kildare, was St. Brigit's favourite pupil. Ultan, in his ‘Life of Brigit,’ says that Darlugdach had fallen in love, and one evening when she was to have met her lover she left the bed in which she and St. Brigit were sleeping. In her peril she prayed to God for guidance; placed burning embers in her shoes and then put them on. ‘Thus by fire she put out fire, and by pain extinguished pain.’ She then returned to bed. St. Brigit, though apparently asleep, knew everything, but kept silence. Next day Darlugdach told her all. St. Brigit then told her she was now safe from the fire of passion here and the fire of hell hereafter, and then she healed her feet. When St. Brigit's death approached, Darlugdach wished to die with her, but the saint replied that Darlugdach should die on the first anniversary of her own death.
Darlugdach succeeded St. Brigit in the abbacy of Kildare, and assuming that the latter died in 521, her death must be assigned to 522. Like St. Brigit's, her day is 1 Feb. In the Irish Nennius there is an impossible story of her having been an exile from Ireland and having gone to Scotland, where King Nechtain made over Abernethy to God and St. Brigit, ‘Darlugdach being present on the occasion and singing alleluia.’ Fordun places the event in the reign of Garnard Makdompnach, successor to the King Bruide, in whose time St. Columba preached to the Picts; but both saints were dead before St. Columba began his labours in Scotland.
Archbishop Ussher states that Darlugdach was venerated at Frisingen in Bavaria, under the name Dardalucha, but there is no reason to suppose she laboured in that country. Dedications to Irish saints on the continent were often the result of the pious zeal of members of their community, who extolled the holiness and dignity of their patron and led their foreign adherents to expect his special favour when they established a new foundation in his honour. Such was probably the case of the people of Frisingen.
[Colgan, i. 229; Bollandist's Acta Sanct. i. 187–7; Lanigan's Eccles. Hist. i. 8; Nennius's Hist. Britonum (Irish version), pp. 161–3; Ussher's Works, vi. 349; Martyrology of Donegal, p. 37.]
T. O.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Darly, Matthew

The forename is given as Matthias in the ODNB.
​DARLY, MATTHEW (fl. 1778), engraver, was an artists' colourman, and kept a shop in the Strand in the latter part of the last century. He was better known as a caricaturist than as an engraver, though Anthony Pasquin was apprenticed to him to learn the latter art. In the earlier part of his career he advertised ladies and gentlemen that he taught the use of the dry paint, engraving, &c., and then lived in Cranbourne Alley, off Leicester Square. He was one of the first who sold prepared artists' colours and materials. He published some of the earliest of Henry Bunbury's sketches, and two numbers of ‘Caricatures by several Ladies, Gentlemen, and Artists.’ He is known to have produced altogether some three hundred caricatures, as well as some marine and other subjects. In 1778 he advertised a ‘Comic Exhibition.’ He lived for a time at Bath.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists.]
E. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brooke, Charles (1777-1852)

​BROOKE, CHARLES (1777–1852), jesuit, born at Exeter, 8 Aug. 1777, received his education at the English academy at Liège and at Stonyhurst, where he entered the Society of Jesus, of which he became a professed father (1818). He was provincial of his order from 1826 to 1832, and subsequently was made superior of the seminary at Stonyhurst College. After filling the office of rector of the Lancashire district, he was sent with broken health to Exeter, in 1845, to gather materials for a continuation of the history of the English province from the year 1635, to which period Father Henry More's 'Historia Missionis Anglicanæ Societatis Jesu' extends. The documents and information he collected were afterwards of much service in the compilation of Brother Henry Foley's valuable 'Records of the English Province of the Society of Jesus,' 8 vols. Lond. 1870-83. Father Brooke died at Exeter on 6 Oct. 1852.
[Oliver's Collections S.J. 60; Foley's Records, vii. 88; Tablet, 16 Oct. 1852.]
T. C.