OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Chemical News

* related portals: Periodicals.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
A Chemistry periodical published by William Crookes. It was published from 1859 to 1932. Also called the Chemical News and Journal of Physical Science.

## 1873

* Justus Liebig (obituary)
* Bence Jones (obituary)

## Volumes

* Volume 1 (1860) (Commons file)
* Volume 3 (1861) (Commons file)
* Volume 7 (1863) (Commons file)
* Volume 9 (1864) (Commons file)
* Volume 10 (1864) (Commons file)
* Volume 11 (1865) (Commons file)
* Volume 12 (1865) (Commons file)
* Volume 13 (1866) (Commons file)
* Volume 14 (1866) (Commons file)
* Volume 15 (1867) (Commons file)
* Volume 16 (1867) (Commons file)
* Volume 17 (1868) (Commons file)
* Volume 18 (1868) (Commons file)
* Volume 19 (1869) (Commons file)
* Volume 20 (1869) (Commons file)
* Volume 21 (1870) (Commons file)
* Volume 22 (1870) (Commons file)
* Volume 23 (1871) (Commons file)
* Volume 24 (1871) (Commons file)
* Volume 25 (1872) (Commons file)
* Volume 26 (1872) (Commons file)
* Volume 27 (1873) (Commons file)
* Volume 28 (1873) (Commons file)
* Volume 29 (1874) (Commons file)
* Volume 30 (1874) (Commons file)
* Volume 31 (1875) (Commons file)
* Volume 32 (1875) (Commons file)
* Volume 33 (1876) (Commons file)
* Volume 34 (1876) (Commons file)
* Volume 35 (1877) (Commons file)
* Volume 36 (1877) (Commons file)
* Volume 37 (1878) (Commons file)
* Volume 38 (1878) (Commons file)
* Volume 39 (1879) (Commons file)
* Volume 40 (1879) (Commons file)
* Volume 41 (1880) (Commons file)
* Volume 42 (1880) (Commons file)
* Volume 43 (1881) (Commons file)
* Volume 44 (1881) (Commons file)
* Volume 45 (1882) (Commons file)
* Volume 46 (1882) (Commons file)
* Volume 47 (1883) (Commons file)
* Volume 48 (1883) (Commons file)
* Volume 49 (1884) (Commons file)
* Volume 50 (1884) (Commons file)
* Volume 51 (1885) (Commons file)
* Volume 52 (1885) (Commons file)
* Volume 53 (1886) (Commons file)
* Volume 54 (1886) (Commons file)
* Volume 55 (1887) (Commons file)
* Volume 56 (1887) (Commons file)
* Volume 57 (1888) (Commons file)
* Volume 58 (1888) (Commons file)
* Volume 59 (1889) (Commons file)
* Volume 60 (1889) (Commons file)
* Volume 61 (1890) (Commons file)
* Volume 62 (1890) (Commons file)
* Volume 63 (1891) (Commons file)
* Volume 64 (1891) (Commons file)
* Volume 65 (1892) (Commons file)
* Volume 66 (1892) (Commons file)
* Volume 67 (1893) (Commons file)
* Volume 68 (1893) (Commons file)
* Volume 69 (1894) (Commons file)
* Volume 70 (1894) (Commons file)
* Volume 71 (1895) (Commons file)
* Volume 72 (1895) (Commons file)
* Volume 73 (1896) (Commons file)
* Volume 74 (1896) (Commons file)
* Volume 75 (1897) (Commons file)
* Volume 76 (1897) (Commons file)
* Volume 77 (1898) (Commons file)
* Volume 78 (1898) (Commons file)
* Volume 79 (1899) (Commons file)
* Volume 80 (1899) (Commons file)
# The Chemical News/Bence Jones (obituary)

an obituary
WE have to announce the death, on the 20th inst., after a long, and latterly, severe illness, of Dr. Bence Jones, the Secretary to the Royal Institution. Dr. Jones was a distinguished chemist ; among his contributions to the advancement of science may be mentioned his Croonian Lectures "On Matter and Force," "Animal Chemistry in relation to Stomach and Renal Diseases," "Lectures on Pathology and Therapeutics," &c. His treatise on the early history of the Royal Institution, and his valuable biography of Faraday, are amongst the latest of his works. In our issue of March 21st, we announced the fact of a movement being set on foot to get up a testimonial to Dr. Jones, which, in agreement with his own wishes, will take the form of a bust to be placed in the Royal Institution.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Cherokee Tobacco

Supreme Court of the United States
78 U.S. 616
THE CHEROKEE TOBACCO
Error to the District Court for the Western District of Arkansas
Argued: Mar. 20, Apr. 10, 11, 1871 --- Decided: May 1, 1871

## Dissenting Opinion

    Bradley
1. The 107th section of the Internal Revenue Act of July 20, 1868, which enacts that "the internal revenue laws imposing taxes on distilled spirits, fermented liquors,tobacco, snuff, and cigars, shall be construed to extend to such articles produced anywhere within the exterior boundaries of the United States, whether the same shall be within a collection district or not," applies to and is in force in the Indian Territory embraced within the Western District of Arkansas, and occupied by the Cherokee nation of Indians, notwithstanding the 10th article of the prior treaty of 1866, between the United States and that nation, by which it was agreed that "every Cherokee Indian and freed person residing in the Cherokee nation shall have the right to sell any products of his farm, including his or her live stock, or any merchandise or manufactured products. and to ship and drive the same to market without restraint, paying any tax thereon which is now or may be levied by the United States on the quantity sold outside of the Indian territory."
2. An act of Congress may supersede a prior treaty.
Error to the District Court for the Western District of Arkansas; the case involving, first, the question of the intention of Congress, and, second, assuming the intention to exist, the question of its power, to tax certain tobacco in the territory of the Cherokee nation, in the face of a prior treaty between that nation and the United States, that such tobacco should be exempt from taxation.
The case was elaborately argued orally or on briefs, by Messrs. E.C. Boudinot, A. Pike, R.W. Johnson, and B.F. [p617] Butler, for the claimants; and by Mr. Akerman, Attorney-General, and Mr. Bristow, Solicitor-General, for the United States.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Cherry-Snows

1912.
The cherry-snows are falling now; Down from the blossom-clouded sky Of zephyr-troubled twig and bough, In widely settling whirls they fly.
The orchard earth, unclothed and brown, Is wintry-hued with petals white: Even as the snow they glimmer down: Brief as the snow's their stainless white.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1961, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 62 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Cherry Orchard

The Cherry Orchard is Russian playwright Anton Chekhov's last play. It premiered at the Moscow Art Theatre 17 January 1904 in a production directed by Constantin Stanislavski. Chekhov intended this play as a comedy and it does contain some elements of farce; however, Stanislavski insisted on directing the play as a tragedy. Since this initial production, directors have had to contend with the dual nature of this play. It has been translated into many languages and produced around the world, becoming a classic work of dramatic literature.
    — Excerpted from The Cherry Orchard on Wikipedia, the free online encyclopedia.
CHARACTERS
* LUBOV ANDREYEVNA RANEVSKY (Mme. RANEVSKY), a landowner
* ANYA, her daughter, aged seventeen
* VARYA (BARBARA), her adopted daughter, aged twenty-seven
* LEONID ANDREYEVITCH GAEV, Mme. Ranevsky's brother
* ERMOLAI ALEXEYEVITCH LOPAKHIN, a merchant
* PETER SERGEYEVITCH TROFIMOV, a student
* BORIS BORISOVITCH SIMEONOV-PISCHIN, a landowner
* CHARLOTTA IVANOVNA, a governess
* SIMEON PANTELEYEVITCH EPIKHODOV, a clerk
* DUNYASHA (AVDOTYA FEDOROVNA), a maidservant
* FIERS, an old footman, aged eighty-seven
* YASHA, a young footman
* A TRAMP
* A STATION-MASTER
* POST-OFFICE CLERK
* GUESTS
* A SERVANT
The action takes place on Mme. RANEVSKY'S estate
This work is a translation and has a separate copyright status to the applicable copyright protections of the original content.
# The Cherry-Tree Carol

"The Cherry-Tree Carol" is a ballad with the rare distinction of being both a Christmas carol and one of the Child Ballads (no. 54). The song itself is very old, reportedly sung in some form at the Feast of Corpus Christi in the early 15th century. The versions eventually collected by Francis James Child are thought to be a combination of up to three separate carols that merged through the centuries.
The story is derived from the apocryphal Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew.
* "The Cherry-Tree Carol" (no. 54) in The English and Scottish Popular Ballads ed. by Francis James Child.
** Variant A
** Variant B
** Variant C
** Variant D
* "The Cherry-Tree Carol" in The Oxford Book of Ballads (1910).
* "The Cherry Tree (first version)" in English Folk-Carols (1911).
* "The Cherry Tree (second version)" in English Folk-Carols (1911).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Pick

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Pick | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Pick, Piek, m., ‘grudge, pique,’ ModHG. only; formed from LG. and Du. pik, ‘grudge, anger, hate,’ which is derived from Fr. pique, ‘pike; grudge, pique’ (comp. Ital. picca, ‘pike, pique’). The HG. word may, however, be borrowed directly from Fr. See Pike.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Pfosten

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Pfosten | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Pfosten, m., ‘post, stake,’ from MidHG. pfoste, OHG. pfosto, m., ‘post, beam’; comp. Du. post, ‘door-post,’ AS. and E. post; from Lat. postis, the dimin. of which, postellus (Fr. poteau), is preserved in the Rom. languages. The word was borrowed in pre-HG. times contemporaneously with Pfahl.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Pfote

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Pfote | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Pfote, f., ‘paw, claw’; MidHG. *pfôte is wanting, though Lower Rhen. pôte, f., ‘paw,’ is recorded in the 14th cent.; corresponding to Du. poot, ‘paw, foot, leg.’ The prim. form pauta is also indicated by OFr. poe and Prov. paute, ‘paw’ (comp. also Fr. patte, ‘paw, claw’?). Whether the Rom. word is the source of the G. is uncertain; allied also to E. paw?. It has not yet been ascertained how the prevalent UpG. terms dåp, dôpe, ‘paw’ (MidHG. tâpe), are related to these cognates.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Pfründe

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Pfründe | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Pfründe, f., ‘benefice, living,’ from MidHG. pfrüende, pfruonde, OHG. pfruonta, f., food, maintenance; espec. the provisions supplied according to agreement; spiritual office and its revenue’; corresponding to the equiv. OSax. prevenda, f., Du. prove. Borrowed in the 8th cent. from MidLat. provenda, a variant of the earlier and more frequent praebenda (see Propst), which signified ‘cibi ac potus portiones diurnae, quae monachis, canonicis &c. praebentur’; hence Ital. provenda, Fr. provende, ‘store of provisions,’ Ital. prebenda, Fr. prébende, ‘prebend.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Pfropfen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Pfropfen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Pfropfen, m., ‘stopper, cork’ (first recorded in the last cent.); its form is based on the equiv. LG. propp, Du. prop, ‘plug, cork, stopper’; allied to E. prop. The cognates cannot be derived from Lat. proponere; they are more probably connected with the following group of words.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Pfühl

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Pfühl | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Pfühl, m. and n., ‘bolster, pillow,’ from MidHG. pfülwe, n., OHG. pfuliwî, n. ‘feather cushion’; also OHG. pfulwo, MidHG. pfulwe, m.; borrowed at the beginning of our era, as is indicated by the invariable permutation of p to pf, and the retention of the Lat. v as w, from Lat. pulvînus (pulvînar), ‘pillow, cushion, bolster,’ probably contemporaneously with Flaum, Kissen, and Pips. Comp. AS. pyle, pylwe, E. pillow, Du. peuluw, ‘pillow.’ The early period at which the West Teut. form pulwîn was borrowed is attested by the fact that Lat. pulvînus is not preserved in the Rom. languages.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Pfütze

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Pfütze | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Pfütze, f., ‘puddle, slough,’ from MidHG. pfütze, f., ‘pool, puddle, well,’ OHG. (MidG.) pfuzzi, pfuzza (UpG.), buzza, f.; corresponding to OLG. putti, ‘well,’ Du. put, ‘well, puddle,’ AS. pytt, ‘well, pit,’ E. pit. The permutation of LG. t to zz, and the diffusion of the word throughout West Teut., proves the existence of the cognates in Germany in the 6th or 7th cent.; yet UpG. buzza seems to be a recently borrowed term. The word is based on Lat. puteus, ‘well, cistern,’ whence also Ital. pozzo, ‘draw-well,’ pozza, ‘puddle, pool,’ Fr. puits, ‘well’; likewise OIr. cuithe, W. peten, ‘well.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Pfriem

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Pfriem | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Pfriem (1.), m., from the equiv. MidHG. pfrieme. m., ‘awl’; corresponding to Du. priem, ‘awl, dagger’; allied to AS. preón, ‘awl, needle,’ E. preen, ‘tool for carding wool,’ OIc. prjónn, ‘nail, plug.’ With regard to the interchange of n and m romp. Boden, Feim, Pflaume, and Pilgrim.
Pfriem (2.), m., ‘broom’ (plant), based on Pfriem (1); from MidHG. pfrimme, OHG. pfrimma, f., ‘broom,’ with the variant brimma, which indicates that the word was borrowed; corresponding to Du. brem, ‘broom.’ The source of the cognates has not yet been discovered.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Pfuhl

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Pfuhl | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Pfuhl, m., ‘pool, puddle,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. pfuol, m.; corresponding to Du. poel, AS. pôl, E. pool. On account of the numerous West Teut. cognates, as well as the diffculties presented by its sound and form, the word cannot have been borrowed at an early period from Lat. pălus (acc. pălûd-em). The early history of the Teut. pôlo- is obscure.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Pfund

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Pfund | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Pfund, n., from the equiv. MidHG. pfunt (gen. -des), OHG. pfunt (gen. -tes), n., ‘pound’; corresponding to Goth., OIc., and AS. pund, E. pound, Du. pond, OSax. pund. Since the Goth. word coincides with the terms in the other dials., Pfund must be one of the earliest loan-words from Lat.; it passed into Teut. probably at the same period as Münze, about the 2nd cent., ​from Lat. pondo (indecl.), ‘pound’ (not from pondus, ‘weight’).
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume III/Anti-Marcion/Against Praxeas/IV

Chapter IV.—The Unity of the Godhead and the Supremacy and Sole Government of the Divine Being. The Monarchy Not at All Impaired by the Catholic Doctrine.
But as for me, who derive the Son from no other source but from the substance of the Father, and (represent Him) as doing nothing without the Father’s will, and as having received all power from the Father, how can I be possibly destroying the Monarchy from the faith, when I preserve it in the Son just as it was committed to Him by the Father? The same remark (I wish also to be formally) made by me with respect to the third degree in the Godhead, because I believe the Spirit to proceed from no other source than from the Father through the Son. Look to it then, that it be not you rather who are destroying the Monarchy, when you overthrow the arrangement and dispensation of it, which has been constituted in just as many names as it has pleased God to employ. But it remains so firm and stable in its own state, notwithstanding the introduction into it of the Trinity, that the Son actually has to restore it entire to the Father; even as the apostle says in his epistle, concerning the very end of all: “When He shall have delivered up the kingdom to God, even the Father; for He must reign till He hath put all enemies under His feet;” following of course the words of the Psalm: “Sit Thou on my right hand, until I make Thine enemies Thy footstool.” “When, however, all things shall be subdued to Him, (with the exception of Him who did put all things under Him,) then shall the Son also Himself be subject unto Him who put all things under Him, that God may be all in all.” We thus see that the Son is no obstacle to the Monarchy, although it is now administered by the Son; because with the Son it is still in its own state, and with its own state will be restored to the Father by the Son. No one, therefore, will impair it, on account of admitting the Son (to it), since it is certain that it has been committed to Him by the Father, and by and by has to be again delivered up by Him to the Father. Now, from this one passage of the epistle of the inspired apostle, we have been already able to show that the Father and the Son are two separate Persons, not only by the mention of their separate names as Father and the Son, but also by the fact that He who delivered up the kingdom, and He to whom it is delivered up—and in like manner, He who subjected (all things), and He to whom they were subjected—must necessarily be two different Beings.

## Footnotes

* ↑ [Compare Cap. viii. infra.]
* ↑ 1 Cor. xv. 24, 25.
* ↑ Ps. cx. 1.
* ↑ 1 Cor. xv. 27, 28.
* ↑ Apud.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume III/Anti-Marcion/Against Praxeas/Postscript

Postscript.
The learned Dr. Holmes, the translator of the Second volume of the Edinburgh series, to which our arrangement has given another position, furnished it with a Preface as follows:
“This volume contains all Tertullian’s polemical works (placed in his second volume by Oehler, whose text we have followed), with the exception of the long treatise Against Marcion, which has already formed a volume of this series, and the Adversus Judæos, which, not to increase the bulk of the present volume, appears among the Miscellaneous Tracts.
“For the scanty facts connected with our author’s life, and for some general remarks on the importance and style of his writings, the reader is referred to the Introduction of my translation of the Five Books against Marcion.
“The treatises which comprise this volume will be found replete with the vigorous thought and terse expression which always characterize Tertullian.
“Brief synopses are prefixed to the several treatises, and headings are supplied to the chapters: these, with occasional notes on difficult passages and obscure allusions, will, it is hoped, afford sufficient aid for an intelligent perusal of these ancient writings, which cannot fail to be interesting alike to the theologian and the general reader,—full as they are of reverence for revealed truth, and at the same time of independence of judgment, adorned with admirable variety and fulness of knowledge, genial humour, and cultivated imagination.”
Dr. Holmes further adorned this same volume with a dedication to a valued friend, in the following words:
“The Right Rev. Father in God, W. I. Trower, D.D., late Lord Bishop of Gibraltar, and formerly Bishop of Glasgow and Galway:
My Dear Lord, In one of our conversations last summer, you were kind enough to express an interest in this publication, and to favour me with some valuable hints on my own share in it. It gives me therefore great pleasure to inscribe your honoured name on the first page of this volume.
I avail myself of this public opportunity of endorsing, on my own account, the high opinion which has long been entertained of your excellent volumes on The Epistles and The Gospels.
Recalling to mind, as I often do, our pleasant days at Pennycross and Mannamead, I remain, my dear Lord, very faithfully yours, Peter Holmes.”
Mannamead, March 10, 1870.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume III/Anti-Marcion/Against Praxeas/VI

Chapter VI.—The Word of God is Also the Wisdom of God. The Going Forth of Wisdom to Create the Universe, According to the Divine Plan.
This power and disposition of the Divine Intelligence is set forth also in the Scriptures under the name of Σοφία, Wisdom; for what can be better entitled to the name of Wisdom than the Reason or the Word of God? Listen therefore to Wisdom herself, constituted in the character of a Second Person: “At the first the Lord created me as the beginning of His ways, with a view to His own works, before He made the earth, before the mountains were settled; moreover, before all the hills did He beget me;” that is to say, He created and generated me in His own intelligence. Then, again, observe the distinction between them implied in the companionship of Wisdom with the Lord. “When He prepared the heaven,” says Wisdom, “I was present with Him; and when He made His strong places upon the winds, which are the clouds above; and when He secured the fountains, (and all things) which are beneath the sky, I was by, arranging all things with Him; I was by, in whom He delighted; and daily, too, did I rejoice in His presence.” Now, as soon as it pleased God to put forth into their respective substances and forms the things which He had planned and ordered within Himself, in conjunction with His Wisdom’s Reason and Word, He first put forth the Word Himself, having within Him His own inseparable Reason and Wisdom, in order that all things might be made through Him through whom they had been planned and disposed, yea, and already made, so far forth as (they were) in the mind and intelligence of God. This, however, was still wanting to them, that they should also be openly known, and kept permanently in their proper forms and substances.

## Footnotes

* ↑ “Mutual relations in the Godhead.”
* ↑ Sensus.
* ↑ Sapientius.
* ↑ Prov. viii. 22–25.
* ↑ Prov. viii. 27–30.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume III/Anti-Marcion/Against Praxeas
## Contents

* I
* II
* III
* IV
* V
* VI
* VII
* VIII
* IX
* X
* XI
* XII
* XIII
* XIV
* XV
* XVI
* XVII
* XVIII
* XIX
* XX
* XXI
* XXII
* XXIII
* XXIV
* XXV
* XXVI
* XXVII
* XXVIII
* XXIX
* XXX
* XXXI
* Postscript
* Elucidations
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Hoar, Leonard

Edition of 1892.
​HOAR, Leonard, educator, b. about 1629; d. in Braintree, Mass., 28 Nov., 1675. He was graduated at Harvard in 1650, married a daughter of John Lisle, the regicide, was a minister of Wanstead, Essex, until he was ejected for non-conformity in 1662. On returning to Massachusetts in 1672, he was for some time assistant to Thomas Thatcher at the South church, Boston. He was president of Harvard college from 10 Sept., 1672, till 15 March, 1675, and was the first person to propose the modern system of technical education, by the addition of a garden and orchard, a workshop, and a chemical laboratory to Harvard. Mr. Hoar was regarded as being deficient in governing power, and the college students rendered his situation so uncomfortable that he resigned.