OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Egyptian Literature/The Book of the Dead/Of Bringing Men Back to Earth

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OF BRINGING MEN BACK TO EARTH
[From the Papyrus of Ani (British Museum No. 10,470, sheet 18).]
The Chapter of causing a man to come back to see his house upon earth. The Osiris Ani saith:
“I am the Lion-god coming forth with extended strides. I have shot arrows and I have wounded the prey; I have shot arrows and I have wounded the prey. I am the Eye of Horus, and I pass through the Eye of Horus at this season. I have arrived at the furrows; let the Osiris Ani advance in peace.”
* ↑ In the Saite Recension (see Lepsius, op. cit., BI. 54) the house is said to be “in the underworld.”
* ↑ Another papyrus adds the words, “I have advanced, and behold, I have not been found light, and the Balance is empty of my affair.”
# Egyptian Literature/The Book of the Dead/Of Coming Forth from Re-Stau (2)

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OF COMING FORTH FROM RE-STAU
[From the Papyrus of Nu (British Museum No. 10477, sheet 9).]
The Chapter of coming forth from Re-stau. The chancellor-in-chief, Nu, triumphant, saith:
“I am the Great God who maketh his light. I have come to thee, O Osiris, and I offer praise unto thee. [I am] pure from the issues which are carried away from thee. Thy name is made in Re-stau, and thy power is in Abtu (Abydos). Thou art raised up, then, O Osiris, and thou goest round about through heaven with Rā, and thou lookest upon the generations of men, O thou One who circlest, thou Rā. Behold, verily, I have said unto thee, O Osiris, ‘I am the spiritual body of the God,’ and I say, ‘Let it come to pass that I shall never be repulsed before thee, O Osiris.'"
The following is the chapter in a fuller form:
The Chapter of knowing the name of Osiris and of entering into and of going out from Re-Stau [In all the forms wherein he willeth to come forth]. The scribe Mes-em-neter, triumphant, saith:
“I am the Great Name who maketh his light. I have come to thee, O Osiris, and I offer praise unto thee. I am pure from the issues which are carried away from thee. [Thy] name hath been made in Re-stau when it hath fallen therein. Homage to thee, O Osiris, in thy strength and in thy power, thou hast obtained the mastery in Re-stau. Thou art raised up, O Osiris, in thy might and in thy power, thou art raised up, O Osiris, and thy might is in Re-stau, and thy power is in Abtu (Abydos). Thou goest round about through heaven, and thou sailest before Rā, and thou lookest upon the generations of men, O thou Being who circlest, thou Rā. Behold, ​verily, I have said unto thee, O Osiris, ‘I am the spiritual body of the God,’ and I say, ‘Let it come to pass that I shall never be repulsed before thee, O Osiris.'"
* ↑ A fuller title of this chapter is, “The Chapter of knowing the name of Osiris, and of going into and of coming forth from Re-Stau.”
* ↑ For the text see Naville, op. cit., Bd. I. Bl. 130.
* ↑ The words in brackets are from the Papyrus of Amen-em-heb. See Naville, op. cit., Bd. II. p. 267.
# Egyptian Literature/The Book of the Dead/Of Drinking Water

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# Egyptian Literature/The Book of the Dead/Of Entering into the Great House

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OF ENTERING INTO THE GREAT HOUSE
From the Papyrus of Nu (British Museum No. 10,477, sheet 10).]
The Chapter of entering into the Great House. The overseer of the palace, the chancellor-in-chief, Nu, triumphant, saith:
“Homage to thee, O Thoth. I am Thoth, who have weighed the two divine Fighters (i.e., Horus and Set), I have destroyed their warfare and I have diminished their wailings. ​I have delivered the Atu fish in his turning back, and I have performed that which thou didst order concerning him, and afterward I lay down within my eye. [I am he who hath been without opposition. I have come; do thou look upon me in the Temple of Nem-hra (or Uhem-hra).] I give commands in the words of the divine aged ones, and, moreover, I guide for thee the lesser deities.”
# Egyptian Literature/The Book of the Dead/Of Being Nigh unto Thoth (2)

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OF BEING NIGH UNTO THOTH
[From the Papyrus of Nu (British Museum No. 10477, sheets 19 and 20).]
The Chapter of being nigh unto Thoth and of giving glory unto a man in the underworld. The chancellor-in-chief, Nu, triumphant, saith:
“I am the god Her-ab-maat-f (i.e., ‘he that is within his eye'), and I have come to give right and truth to Rā; I have made Suti to be at peace with me by means of offerings made to the god Aker and to the Tesheru deities, and by [making] reverence unto Seb.”
[The following] words are to be recited in the Sektet boat: [Hail,] sceptre of Anubis, I have made the four Khus who are in the train of the lord of the universe to be at peace with me, and I am the lord of the fields through their decree. I am the divine father Bāh (i.e., the god of the water-flood), and I do away with the thirst of him that keepeth ward over the Lakes. Behold ye me, then, O great gods of majesty who dwell among the Souls of Annu, for I am lifted up over you. I am the god Menkh (i.e., Gracious one) who dwelleth among you. Verily I have cleansed my soul, O great god of majesty, set not before me the evil obstacles which issue from thy mouth, and let not destruction come round about me, or upon me. I have made myself clean in the Lake of making to be at peace, [and in the Lake of] weighing in the balance, and I have bathed myself in Netert-utchat, which is under the holy sycamore tree of heaven. Behold [I am] bathed, [and I have] triumphed [over] all [mine enemies] straightway who come forth and rise up against right and truth. I am right and true in the earth. I, even I, have spoken(?) with my mouth [which is] the power of the Lord, the Only one, Rā the mighty, who liveth upon right and truth. Let not injury be inflicted upon me, [but let me be] clothed on the day of those who go forward(?) to every [good] thing.”
# Egyptian Literature/The Book of the Dead/Of Bringing Charms to Osiris

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THE CHAPTER OF BRINGING CHARMS TO OSIRIS
[From the Papyrus of Ani (British Museum No. 10,470, sheet 15).]
The chapter of bringing charms unto Osiris Ani [in the underworld]. He saith:
“I am Tem-Khepera, who brought himself into being upon the thigh of his divine mother. Those who are in Nu (i.e., the sky) are made wolves, and those who are among the sovereign princes are become hyenas. Behold, I gather together the charm [from every place where] it is, and from every man with whom it is, swifter than greyhounds and quicker than light. Hail, thou who towest along the Mākhent boat of Rā, the stays of thy sails and of thy rudder are taut in the wind as thou sailest up the Pool of Fire in the underworld. Behold, thou gatherest together the charm from every place where it is, and from every man with whom it is, swifter than greyhounds and quicker than light, [the charm] which created the forms of being from the . . . mother, and which either createth the gods or maketh them silent, and which giveth the heat of fire unto the gods. Behold, the charm is given unto me, from wherever it is [and from him with whom it is], swifter than greyhounds and quicker than light,” or (as others say) “quicker than a shadow.”
# Egyptian Literature/The Book of the Dead/Of Bringing a Boat Along in Heaven

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# Egyptian Literature/The Book of the Dead/Of Coming Forth from Re-Stau (1)

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OF COMING FORTH FROM RE-STAU
[From the Papyrus of Nu (British Museum No. 10,477, sheet 9).]
The Chapter of coming forth from Re-stau. The chancellor-in-chief, Nu, triumphant, saith:
“I was born in Re-stau, and splendor hath been given unto me by those who dwell in their spiritual bodies (sāhu) in the habitation where libations are made unto Osiris. The divine ministers who are in Re-stau shall receive [me] when Osiris ​is led into the twofold funeral regon of Osiris; oh, let me be a divine being whom they shall lead into the twofold funeral region of Osiris.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Dayton

See also Dayton, Ohio on Wikipedia; Dayton at Wikipedia; Dayton in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
DAYTON, a city of the United States, the capital of Montgomery county, Ohio, situated on the east bank of the Great Miami, which is there joined by the Mad, 46 miles north of Cincinnati, and 135 miles south of Toledo. The Miami canal, which connects the Ohio river with Lake Erie, passes by the town; and this means of communication, along with that of the railroads which converge here from different points, has contributed greatly to the prosperity of the place. The city is very regularly laid out, and the houses and public edifices are better than in many other western cities, partly owing to the comparatively moderate price of the white limestone, or marble, which abounds in its neighbourhood. The principal public buildings are the county court-house designed after the Parthenon at Athens, and erected at a cost of about £30,000 and the market-house, containing within its walls a city hall and the council chamber. There are, besides numerous churches, a high school, and the Cooper Academy, belonging to the Presbyterian body, for the instruction of females. Of charitable institutions the orphan asylum, the alms-house, and a lunatic asylum may be mentioned; and in the vicinity there is the Central National Soldiers Home. A considerable manufacturing industry is carried on, which is facilitated by a copious supply of water conveyed from the Mad. There are several machine shops, arid works for the manufacture of agricultural implements, railway carriages, paper, cotton, &c. The place, which was first settled in 1796, was incorporated as a town in 1805, and as a city in 1841. Population in 1850, 10,977; in 1860, 20,081; and in 1870,30,473.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/The Rev. Francis Henry, eighth earl of Bridgewater

See also Francis Henry Egerton, 8th Earl of Bridgewater on Wikipedia; Francis Egerton, 8th Earl of Bridgewater, at Wikipedia; Francis Henry Egerton, 8th Earl of Bridgewater, in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
BRIDGEWATER, the Rev. Francis Henry, eighth earl of, was born in 1758 and died on the 11th February 1829. He is best known as the originator of the Bridgewater Treatises. By his will he devised the sum of £8000, at the disposal of the president of the Royal Society, to be paid to the author or authors selected by the president to write and publish 1000 copies of a treatise "On the Power, Wisdom, and Goodness of God, as manifested in the Creation." Mr Davies Gilbert, who then filled the office, selected eight persons, each to undertake a branch of this subject, and each to receive £1000 as his reward, together with any benefit that might accrue from the sale of his work, according to the will of the testator.
The treatises were published as follows:—1. The Adaptation of External Nature to the Moral and Intellectual Condition of Man, by the Rev. Thomas Chalmers, D.D. 2. The Adaptation of External Nature to the Physical Condition of Man, by John Kidd, M.D. 3. Astronomy and General Physics considered with reference to Natural Theology, by the Rev. William Whewell, D.D. 4. The Hand, its Mechanism and Vital Endowments as evincing Design, by Sir Charles Bell. 5. Animal and Vegetable Physiology considered with reference to Natural Theology, by Peter Mark Roget. 6. Geology and Mineralogy considered with reference to Natural Theology, by the Rev. William Buckland, D.D. 7. The Habits and Instincts of Animals with reference to Natural Theology, by the Rev. William Kirby. 8. Chemistry, Meteorology, and the Function of Digestion, considered with, reference, to Natural Theology, by William Prout, M.D. The works are of unequal merit; several of them took a high rank in apologetic literature.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/The Holy Graal

See also Holy Grail on Wikipedia; Holy Grail on Wikipedia, Grail in the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
GRAAL. See Grail.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/The Tay

See also River Tay on Wikipedia; the Tay in the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
TAY, The, the longest river in Scotland, has its source on the northern side of Ben Lui, on the borders of Argyllshire and Perthshire, being known in its earlier course as the Fillan, and, after forming Loch Dochart, as the Dochart, until entering Loch Tay, 25 miles from its source, at an elevation above sea-level of 553 feet. Its course through Perthshire is described in the article on that county. Its total length to the town of Perth is about 95 miles, and it drains a total area of about 2400 square miles, while its estuary extends for about other 25 miles. The navigation of the estuary is somewhat impeded by sandbanks. The only important port is Dundee, but vessels of 100 tons can pass up to Perth, the river being tidal to 2 miles above it. The salmon fisheries on the river and its estuary are among the most valuable in Scotland. A railway bridge over the Tay at Dundee, designed by Sir Thomas Bouch (see Bridges, vol. iv, p. 340), was opened for traffic 31st May 1878, but was blown down during the crossing of a passenger train 28th December 1879. Some distance to the west a new bridge, designed by W. H. Barlow, was commenced in 1882, and was opened for general traffic 20th June 1887.
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Wu-pai

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​WU-pai. See under Ubai.
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Wu Huang-ti

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​WU Huang-ti. Posthumous name of Nurhaci [q. v.].
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Wu-ya

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​WU-ya. See under Uya.
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Wu Chêng-chih

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​WU Chêng-chih 吳正治 (T. 當世, H. 賡庵), Jan. 30, 1618–1691, Sept. 17, official, was a native of Han-yang, Hupei. Made a chin-shih in 1649, he was two years later appointed a compiler in the Kuo-shih-yüan 國史院. Being one of a group of fifteen Hanlin scholars who in the summer of 1658 were appointed to administrative positions in the provinces, he received the post of circuit intendant in Nanchang, Kiangsi, and in the following year was made judicial commissioner in the province of Shensi. In 1660 he was recalled to the capital, first as vice-president in the Board of Works and then of the Board of Punishments. In the latter capacity he effected the release of more than two hundred students of Kiangnan who had been imprisoned because their families had been in arrears in the payment of land taxes (see under Yeh Fang-ai and Chin Jên-jui). Made president of the Censorate in 1673, he submitted in this capacity two important memorials recommending that lighter punishments be meted out to deserters from Banners, and that a project to expropriate certain lands for the use of Banner troops in Chihli province be postponed. Prior to this time Chinese officials were virtually debarred from interference in any governmental plans relating to the Banner system, but after these two memorials were sent up these abuses were more or less checked. In 1676 he was chief examiner of the metropolitan examination, and two years later recommended P'êng Sun-yü [q. v.] as one qualified to take the special examination known as po-hsüeh hung-tz'ŭ. His nominee emerged ​from the contest with the highest honors of all the fifty successful candidates.
In 1681 Wu Chêng-chih was made Grand Secretary of the Wu-ying tien 武英殿 At various times he also took part in the compilation of the chronicles of Nurhaci (Ch'ing Tai-tsu Kao Huang-ti shih-lu, see under Nurhaci); the Collected Statutes of the Empire (Ta-Ch'ing hui-tien, see under Wang An-kuo); the edicts of the first three Ch'ing Emperors (三朝聖訓 San-ch'ao shêng-hsün); the Comprehensive Geography of the Empire (Ta-Ch'ing i-t'ung chih, see under Hsü Ch'ien-hsüeh); and the official account of the suppression of Wu San-kuei's [q. v.] Rebellion (P'ing-ting San-ni fang-lüeh, see under Han T'an). In recognition of the completion in 1686 of the above-mentioned chronicles of Nurhaci, he was honored with the title of Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent. In the following year his request to retire was granted. He died in the early autumn of 1691, and was canonized as Wên-hsi 文僖.
[1/256/7a; 3/6/1a; 4/12/15a; Han-yang hsien-chih (1868) 18/22a.]
Tu Lien-chê
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Wu-ê-kung-a

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​WU-ê-kung-a. See under Ulgungga.
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Wu Hsi-ch'i

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​WU Hsi-ch'i 吴錫麒 (T. 聖徵, H. 穀人), 1746–1818, man of letters, was a native of Ch'ien-t'ang (Hangchow). A chin-shih of 1775, he first was appointed a sub-reader in the Hanlin Academy. After having passed through several positions, including that of second-class compiler, he finally became a libationer. In 1796 he served in the Imperial Study as tutor to the imperial great-grandson. He was on particularly good terms with Yung-hsing [q. v.] for whom he often wrote colophons, and for whom on one occasion he wrote a plaque. Having asked permission of the authorities to return home to support his parents, he went to Yangchow (1798) where, aside from other duties, he was director of the An-ting 安定 Academy. He then went to Peking and was re-instated in his original position, but he again asked permission to return home to support his parents. Later he once more became director of the An-ting Academy where he assisted in collating the Ch'üan T'ang wên (see under Tung Kao). He is pictured as a man without personal ambition who enjoyed discussing literary topics with his friends. The publication of his poetry and prose, nevertheless, brought him great fame. Even the emissaries from Korea and the Loochoo Islands, bringing tribute to Peking, vied with each other to buy up as many copies as possible and to take them back to their homes.
Wu's collected works are entitled 有正味齋集 Yu-chêng-wei chai chi, 52 chüan. The preface is dated 1808. This collection is divided into ​four smaller collections, comprising his verse, his balanced-prose essays, his poems in irregular meter, and miscellaneous items. The poet and essayist, Wu Tzŭ 吳鼒 (T. 山尊, H. 抑庵, 1755–1821), incorporated some of the prose of Wu Hsi-ch'i in a collection of the p'ien-t'i, or "balanced-prose essays", of eight Ch'ing writers, entitled 八家四六 Pa-chia ssŭ-liu. Wu Hsich'i is commended as having inherited from Hang Shih-chün and Li Ê [qq. v.] the sceptre in the field of belles-lettres, in the province of Chekiang.
Wu's younger brother, Wu Hsi-lin 吳錫麟 (T. 洛書), was also a poet; his son, Wu Ch'ing-kao 吳清皋 (T. 鳴九, H. 小穀, 1786–1849, a chü-jên of 1813), was prefect of Fu-chou (1837–42) and Nanchang (1843–49), both in Kiangsi. Another son, Wu Ch'ing-p'êng 吳清鵬 (T. 西穀, H. 笏庵, 1786–185?, chin-shih of 1817), was a conscientious vice-governor of Shun-t'ien-fu (1834–41) and director of the An-ting Academy after his retirement from official life. He and Wu Ch'ing-kao were twins.
[1/490/8b; 3/132/1a; Hangchow fu-chih (1922), 146/14a; 20/3/00 (portrait); 吳氏一家稿 Wu-shih i-chia kao, writings by members of the family, edited by Wu Ch'ing-p'êng and printed about 1855.]
Rufus O. Suter
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Thomas Becket

See also Thomas Becket on Wikipedia; Thomas Becket in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
THOMAS BECKET, or À Becket. See À Becket.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Thomas Edward Bowdich

See also Thomas Edward Bowdich on Wikipedia; Thomas Edward Bowdich at Wikipedia; Thomas Edward Bowdich in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
BOWDICH, Thomas Edward, an English traveller, born at Bristol in 1790, was brought up by his father for com mercial life, and in 1814 obtained an appointment on the western coast of Africa. Two years afterwards, on his return home, he was sent out by the African Company as their agent to the king of the Ashantees. In 1819 he published a quarto volume giving an account of that remarkable people. He then seems to have spent a con siderable time at Paris in the study of the natural sciences. During his stay in Europe he edited several works on Africa, and published an excellent pamphlet on the British settlements on the western coast of Africa. He again visited Africa in 1822, with a firm resolution of devoting himself to the exploration of its interior ; but he was attacked by fever on the Gambia, and died January 10, 1824. His widow, who had accompanied him, edited several productions of his pen after his death.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Thomas Fuller

See also Thomas Fuller on Wikipedia; Thomas Fuller in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
| “ | Patria est ubicunque est bene; |
| | Bene vixit qui bene latuit.” |
Dr Fuller was in stature somewhat tall, “with a proportionable bigness to become it,” and his gait was graceful. He was of a sanguine temperament, and had a ruddy countenance and light curled hair. Some of these features are pleasingly depicted in his portrait at Cranford House. His personal character was admirable. The charm of his manners was felt by all, his deportment being “according to the old English guise.” His disposition was genial, leading him to embrace goodness wherever he found it. To these fine qualities of mind he added prudence. “By his particular temper and management,” said the historian Echard, “he weathered the late great storm with more success than many other great men.” He had many of the peculiarities of scholars. He was known as “a perfect walking library.” The strength of his memory was proverbial, and some amusing anecdotes are connected with it.
His writings were the product of a highly original mind, and their moral tone was excellent. He had a fertile imagination and a happy faculty of illustration. His diction in the main was elegant, and more idiomatic than that of Taylor or Browne. Antithetic and axiomatic sentences abound in his pages, embodying literally the wisdom of the many in the wit of one. He was “quaint,” and something more. “Wit,” said Coleridge, in a well-known eulogy, “wit was the stuff and substance of Fuller’s intellect. It was the element, the earthen base, the material which he worked in; and this very circumstance has defrauded him of his due praise for the practical wisdom of the thoughts, for the beauty and variety of the truths, into which he shaped the stuff. Fuller was incomparably the most sensible, the least prejudiced, great man of an age that boasted a galaxy of great men.” This opinion was formed after the perusal of the Church-History. That work and The Worthies of England are unquestionably Fuller’s greatest efforts. They embody the collections of an entire life; and since his day they have been the delight and the solace of their readers, and the incentive which has directed or allured many English scholars into historical and topographical studies. The Holy State has taken rank amongst the best books of characters. Fuller’s works, according to Charles Lamb, were, in the early portion of this century, scarcely perused except by antiquaries; but since that time, mainly through the appreciative criticisms of Coleridge, Southey, Crossley, and others, they have received more general attention; and nearly the whole of his extant writings have been reprinted of late years.
(j. e. b.)