OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Proclamation 4503

Delivered on 21 April 1977.
By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation
Recent shifts in our culture and society have created new patterns of life for many American mothers and families.
Some of these changes have been desirable, and some not so desirable. But all have put new burdens on the women who must adapt to the shifts—the mothers of America.
By and large they have met the challenge of change with grace, intelligence, and dignity.
Mother's Day should no longer be merely a day on which we reaffirm our love for our mothers. It should also be an occasion for admiration of the way American mothers have maintained those family bonds that protect us from the uncertainties of a changing society and give meaning and direction to our lives.
And it should be an occasion for those of us in public life to reflect on what government can do to help the mothers of America keep our families strong.
In recognition of the contributions of all mothers to their families and to the Nation, the Congress, by a joint resolution approved May 8, 1914 (38 Stat. 770), designated the second Sunday in May each year as Mother's Day and requested the President to call for its appropriate observance.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, do hereby request that Sunday, May 8, 1977, be observed as Mother's Day. I call upon government officials to display the flag of the United States on all government buildings, and I urge all citizens to display the flag at their homes and other suitable places on that day.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this 21st day of April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred seventy-seven, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and first.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 4:44 p.m., April 21, 1977]
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Proclamation 4497

Delivered on 11 April 1977.
By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation
Nearly 33 million Americans are at least 60 years old, and the number is growing by 500,000 a year.
Older Americans can provide our youngsters with an awareness of their heritage, and with a sense of family continuity.
And older Americans can pass on to our children not only the knowledge and wisdom that come with age, but also the values that guided our forebears in building a great republic.
We must find ways to assure that older citizens will continue to lead useful and productive lives. And we must find ways to use their experience, judgment and ability.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, do hereby designate the month of May, 1977, as Older Americans Month.
I call upon all Federal, State and community agencies, educators, the communications media, the clergy, and concerned organizations and individuals to do all that lies within their power to help assure that our older citizens have an adequate personal income, access to housing facilities responsive to their needs, adequate services such as health care and transportation, fair employment opportunities, and opportunities for continued involvement in our Nation's activities. Let each of us resolve to do all that is possible to guarantee to these Americans that their later years will be rich, secure and filled with the dignity that is, and ought to be, the birthright of all Americans.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this eleventh day of April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred seventy-seven, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and first.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 4:08 p.m., April 11, 1977]
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Proclamation 4498

Delivered on 12 April 1977.
By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation
Since the beginning of this decade, we have begun to recognize that our planer's capacity for satisfying the needs of mankind has limits. We have begun to see that we are its stewards, not its masters. Human activities, even well-intentioned ones, can inflict deep and lasting damage to the earth, the air, and the living plants and animals on which we depend. Protection of the environment is a debt we owe to ourselves and to those who will follow us.
During this same decade we have seen the effects of our activities grow increasingly severe. In the poorer nations, population growth on limited land has placed pressure on the environment. In the industrialized world, patterns of production and consumption have increased pollution, begun to deplete resources, and generated hazardous substances which the earth does not naturally assimilate.
Some have questioned whether we can afford to pay the costs of reducing pollution, protecting our health, and preserving our national heritage. The truth is that environmental controls are consistent with a sound economy, and if we ignore the care of our environment our economy will eventually suffer.
It is appropriate, as spring brings warmth and the flowering of life, that we celebrate Earth Week. The concerns which it symbolizes must become a part of our private and public philosophies.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, do hereby designate and proclaim the week beginning April 17, as Earth Week, 1977. I call upon officials and employees of all levels of government, business leaders, the communications media, and all Americans to join me in making environmental protection a fundamental concern that underscores all our actions.
In particular, I ask all educators to consider introducing an ecological perspective into every scholastic or academic discipline to encourage future application by graduates to protect the health of our planet.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twelfth day of April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred seventy-seven, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and first.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 11:51 a.m., April 12, 1977]
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Proclamation 4502

Delivered on 15 April 1977.
By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation
For more than two centuries, the United States has relied on the Merchant Marine for trade and defense. The Merchant Marine has contributed to our economic growth and military strength.
The men and women of our Merchant Marine have worked hard to export our .products to foreign markets, and import foreign goods for our use and pleasure.
Those who serve in the Merchant Marine have the spirit, the character, and devotion to duty that have made our nation strong, free, and prosperous.
In recognition of the importance of the American Merchant Marine, the Congress, by joint resolution of May 20, 1933 (48 Stat. 73, 36 U.S.C. 145) designated May 22 of each year as National Maritime Day in commemoration of the departure from Savannah, Georgia, on that date in 1819 of the SS SAVANNAH on the first transatlantic voyage by any steamship, and requested the President to issue annually a proclamation calling for its appropriate observance.
Because May 22 falls on Sunday this year, and in keeping with custom, it is appropriate to observe National Maritime Day on the following Monday.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, do hereby urge the people of the United States to honor our American Merchant Marine on May 23, 1977, by displaying the flag of the United States at their homes and other suitable places, and I request that all ships sailing under the American flag dress ship on that day.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this fifteenth day of April in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred seventy-seven, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and first.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 4:55 p.m., April 15, 1977]
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Proclamation 4504

Delivered on 25 April 1977.
By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation
The greatest honor we can pay those who have given their lives in our Nation's defense is to serve the ideals for which they died.
We properly honor these men and women on Memorial Day—as we honor those who fought and lived, to continue the struggle for peace, freedom, justice, and human rights.
Those of us who survived the battle, or who never had to bear it, must work to assure that no American will ever be asked to offer up his or her life in war unless the survival of our Nation or of democracy itself is at stake.
Let us remember on Memorial Day those who have lived and died in pursuit of a just peace. Let us pray that, like them, we will leave behind us a stronger Nation and a better world.
In tribute to those Americans who have died for their country, and to those who survived to carry on their unfinished work, the Congress, by joint resolution of May 11, 1950 (64 Slat. 158), has requested the President to issue a proclamation calling upon the American people to observe each Memorial Day as a day of prayer for permanent. peace.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, do hereby designate Memorial Day, Monday, May 30, 1977, as a day of prayer for permanent peace, and I designate the hour beginning in each locality at 11 o'clock in the morning of that day as a time to unite in prayer.
I urge the press, radio, television, and all other information media to join in this observance.
I call upon the appropriate officials of all levels of government to fly the flag at half-staff until noon during Memorial Day on all buildings, grounds, and naval vessels throughout the United States and in all areas under its jurisdiction and control. I request the people of the United States to display the flag at half-staff from their homes for the same customary forenoon period.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-fifth day of April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred seventy-seven, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and first.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 12:50 p.m., April 25, 1977]
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Proclamation 4499

Delivered on 12 April 1977.
By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation
The rule of law protects our individual rights and defines our individual responsibilities.
Our commitment to the law deepens when we know that justice will not be delayed, denied, or dispensed with favoritism.
Our respect for the law grows when we are confident that it will remain a true champion of our basic liberties.
The duty of the legal profession is to help rather than to hamper the pursuit of these goals.
And the duty of each citizen is to work peacefully to bring about any changes in the law or its administration that might be needed to assure fair and objective treatment for all.
If our legal heritage is to be preserved, laymen and lawyers alike must understand and appreciate the role of our courts, and work to strengthen and improve our legal system.
To encourage the American people to reaffirm their commitment to the rule of law, the Congress has requested the President to issue a proclamation calling upon the American people to celebrate the first day of May of each year as Law Day, U.S.A. (75 Stat. 43, 36 U.S.C. 164). Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, call upon the American people to celebrate Sunday, May 1, 1977, as Law Day, U.S.A., and to reflect upon their individual and collective responsibilities for the effective administration of the law.
I call upon the clergy, educators, the communications media, the courts, the legal profession, and all interested individuals and organizations to mark this twentieth annual nationwide observance of Law Day, U.S.A. with programs and ceremonies as befits our Nation's devotion to the principle of equal justice for all. To that end, I call upon all public officials to display the flag of the United States on all government buildings on that day.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twelfth day of April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred seventy-seven, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and first.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 11:55 p.m., April 12, 1977]
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Proclamation 4500

Delivered on 13 April 1977.
By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation
Our Nation's transportation network provides us with the goods and services we need and the mobility in work and play that we want.
While our transportation systems have improved in recent years, they can still be made more efficient, accessible, and responsive to the needs of the nation. The Federal Government should take the lead in establishing and carrying out policies to help reduce energy consumption, curtail environmental abuses, and increase competition.
In recognition of the importance of reliable transportation to our economy and defense, and to encourage continued work on the problems that face our cities, roads, rail, air and water ways, the Congress has requested the President to proclaim annually the third Friday in May as National Defense Transportation Day, and the week in which that day falls as National Transportation Week (71 Stat. 30, 36 U.S.C. 160; 76 Stat. 69, 36 U.S.C. 166).
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, do hereby designate Friday, May 20, 1977, as National Defense Transportation Day, and the week beginning May 15, 1977, as National Transportation Week.
I urge the Governors of our States and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Mayor of the District of Columbia, and local officials to issue similar proclamations. I call upon individuals and organizations concerned with transportation, educators, the communications media, and the American people to join with the Department of Transportation in observing this day and week with appropriate ceremonies and activities.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this thirteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred seventy-seven, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and first.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, [1:55 a.m., April 13, 1977]
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Proclamation 4505

Delivered on 7 June 1977.
By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation
A father watches his children grow and shares their joys. He comforts them through the many minor crises that are of enormous significance to a child. But the challenges of raising a child in an increasingly complex and uncertain world require more than just a desire to be a good parent. A father must be ready to supply the love, discipline, security and support from which his children can draw strength—even as he faces his own problems and concerns which are, for a time, beyond their understanding.
In recognition of the contributions of our Nation's fathers, the Congress, by joint resolution of April 24, 1972 (86 Stat. 124, 36 U.S.C. 142a), has designated the third Sunday in June of each year as Father's Day and has requested the President to issue annually a proclamation calling for its appropriate observance.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, do hereby request that Sunday, June 19, 1977, be observed as Father's Day.
I am instructing federal officials to display the flag of the United States on all Government buildings on that day, and I urge all citizens to display the flag at their homes and other suitable places.
I ask all Americans to make a special effort this year to let our Nation's fathers know that they will always have our love and gratitude.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this seventh day of June, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred seventy-seven, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and first.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 2:59 p.m., June 7, 1977]
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Proclamation 4506

Delivered on 9 June 1977.
By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation
This year, more Americans than ever before will enjoy the challenges and pleasures of boating on our country's lakes, rivers, and coastal waters. If they take time to learn the fundamentals of boating safety, needless tragedy can be avoided.
In recognition of the growth in recreational boating, and of our continuing need to promote safety on our waterways, the Congress has by joint resolution of June 4, 1958 (72 Stat. 179, 36 U.S.C. 161) requested the President to proclaim the week of July 4 each year as National Safe Boating Week.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, do hereby designate the week beginning July 3, 1977, as National Safe Boating Week
I urge everyone who participates in boating on American waterways to learn the basic rules of safety. This information is readily available in courses offered by such organizations as the United States Coast Guard Auxiliary, the United States Power Squadrons, the American Red Cross, and by various agencies of state governments.
I also invite the Governors of the States, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, and American Samoa, and the Mayor of the District of .Columbia, to provide appropriately for the observance of the Week.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this ninth day of June, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred seventy-seven, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and first.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 5:05 p.m., June 9, 1977]
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Popular Science Monthly/Volume 7/October 1875/Correspondence

Layout 4
THE FORM OF LIGHTNING-RODS.
To the Editor of the Popular Science Monthly:
IN a paper in The Popular Science Monthly for August, entitled "The Form of Lightning-Rods," Prof. Phin describes an experiment intended to demonstrate the proposition that electricity of high tension travels through the substance of a conductor independently of its superficies.
Without questioning the general truth of this proposition, I would call attention to one or two flaws in the author's demonstration.
He cites the fact that a moderate charge shatters a strip of gold-leaf, while a stronger one fails to affect a wire having less surface and a greater section. From this he deduces his theorem.
This experiment seems to me unsatisfactory, for the reason that a disruptive force may be supposed to be exerted in both cases, but that the superior strength of the wire enables it to resist what destroys the frail gold-leaf. Of course, the same argument will hold if the effect be ascribed mainly to heat, since but little, comparatively, would suffice to fuse the gold-leaf or even to dissipate it as gas.
Prof. Phin, referring to this experiment, says: "Here we see that, while the electricity was at rest [static), the gold-leaf was quite capable of receiving as heavy a charge as the most powerful machine could impart."
It doubtless was "capable of receiving the most powerful charge," but the fact is not proved by the experiment, for, in the position in which the gold-leaf was placed, viz., on the knob of the jar, it was not charged at all!
The charge must have been collected upon the inner coating, through the attraction exercised by the electricity induced upon the exterior. The gold-leaf, in connection with the inside of the jar, was then, properly speaking, no more charged than were objects connected with the outside, e. g., the table, and, to a certain extent, every other object on the surface of the planet.
* L. H. Andrews.
* Springfield, Mass., August 17, 1875.
To the above Prof. Phin replies as follows:
"1. The first objection is to the experiment in which a gold wire is shown to be capable of carrying off a discharge which destroys a strip of gold-leaf presenting a far greater surface. Whether we attribute the destroying power to heat or to mechanical force, it is a fact that the thin gold-leaf is destroyed while the stouter wire remains uninjured, and this is all that is necessary to be known so far as lightning-rods are concerned.
"2. The second objection is, that the gold-leaf in contact with the knob of the jar is not 'charged.' Of course, if the gold-leaf is not charged, the same remark applies to the knob itself; how, then, does it happen that, under such circumstances, the knob will powerfully attract or repel (according to circumstances) a pith-ball brought near it? Probably the most intense charge of static electricity could be imparted directly from the prime conductor. This we have often done, without injuring the most delicate strip of gold-leaf, though the passage of a spark, even without the aid of a Leyden jar, will destroy a strip three-eighths of an inch wide."
# Rambles in Germany and Italy in 1840, 1842, and 1843

RAMBLES
IN
GERMANY AND ITALY.
TO
SAMUEL ROGERS,
AUTHOR OF "THE PLEASURES OF MEMORY," "ITALY," ETC.
THESE VOLUMES ARE DEDICATED,
AS A SLIGHT TOKEN
OF
RESPECT, GRATITUDE, AND AFFECTION,
BY
THE AUTHOR.
* Volume 1
* Volume 2
# Rambles in Germany and Italy in 1840, 1842, and 1843/Part 1

RAMBLES
IN
GERMANY AND ITALY.
PART I.—1840.
# Ramapo Water Company v. City of New York

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
236 U.S. 579
Ramapo Water Company v. City of New York
Argued: February 24, 1915. --- Decided: March 8, 1915
Messrs. Carroll G. Walter and Walter C. Noyes for appellant.
[Argument of Counsel from page 580 intentionally omitted]
Messrs. Louis C. White and Frank L. Polk for appellees.
Mr. Justice Holmes delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse