OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Arnold v. Panhandle and Santa Fe Railway Company/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Dissenting Opinion Frankfurter
United States Supreme Court
353 U.S. 360
Arnold v. Panhandle and Santa Fe Railway Company
Argued: April 24, 25, 1957. --- Decided: May 13, 1957
We hold that the proofs justified with reason the jury's conclusion that employer negligence played a part in producing the petitioner's injury. Rogers v. Missouri Pacific R. Co., 352 U.S. 500, 77 S.Ct. 443, 459, 1 L.Ed.2d 493; Webb v. Illinois Central R. Co., 352 U.S. 512, 77 S.Ct. 451, 459, 1 L.Ed.2d 503; Ferguson v. Moore-McCormack Lines, 352 U.S. 521, 77 S.Ct. 457, 459, 1 L.Ed.2d 511; Shaw v. Atlantic Coast Line R. Co., 353 U.S. 920, 77 S.Ct. 680, 1 L.Ed.2d 718; Futrelle v. Atlantic Coast Line R. Co., 353 U.S. 920, 77 S.Ct. 682, 1 L.Ed.2d 718; Deen v. Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe R. Co., 353 U.S. 925, 77 S.Ct. 715, 1 L.Ed.2d 721; Thomson v. Texas & Pacific R. Co., 353 U.S. 926, 77 S.Ct. 698, 1 L.Ed.2d 722. The jury's general verdict, that the respondent negligently contributed to the petitioner's injury, has support in the testimony of witnesses justifying the inference that the passageway as used was not a safe place for the petitioner to work while performing his assigned duties. The special issues claimed to be in conflict with this finding concerned alleged negligence only in the operation and presence of the truck on this passageway. But even if the rule announced by the Court of Civil Appeals controlled, as we see it these answers present no square conflict. The findings on these special issues do not exhaust all of the possible grounds on which the prior unsafe-place-to-work finding of the jury may have been based. Hence all of the findings in the case might well be true insofar as the record indicates. The petitioner having asserted federal rights governed by federal law, it is our duty under the Act to make certain that they are fully protected, as the Congress intended them to be. We therefore cannot accept interpretations that nullify their effectiveness, for '* * * the assertion of Federal rights, when plainly and reasonably made, is not to be defeated under the name of local practice.' Davis v. Wechsler, 263 U.S. 22, 24, 44 S.Ct. 13, 14, 68 L.Ed. 143. See Dice v. Akron, Canton & Y.R. Co., 342 U.S. 359, 72 S.Ct. 312, 96 L.Ed. 398; Brown v. Western R. Co., 338 U.S. 294, 70 S.Ct. 105, 94 L.Ed. 100. The judgment of the Court of Civil Appeals is reversed and the case is remanded.
Reversed and remanded.
Mr. Justice FRANKFURTER, dissenting.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Arnold v. United States ex rel. W. B. Guimarin & Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
263 U.S. 427
Arnold v. United States ex rel. W. B. Guimarin & Company
Argued: Feb. 27, 1923. --- Decided: Dec 10, 1923
Messrs. Wm. H. White and Elwood P. Morey, both of Washington, D. C., for plaintiffs in error.
Mr. Frank G. Tompkins, of Columbia, S.C.., for defendant in error.
Mr. Justice SANFORD delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Arnson v. Murphy (109 U.S. 238)

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
109 U.S. 238
Arnson v. Murphy
Lewis Sanders, for plaintiff in error.
Sol. Gen. Phillips, for defendant in error.
MATTHEWS, J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Nindemann, William Friedrich Carl

Edition of 1900.
​NINDEMANN, William Friedrich Carl, arctic explorer, b. in Gingst, island of Rügen, Germany, 22 April, 1850. He was graduated at the public school in Gingst in 1865, and in 1867 came to New York and served as quartermaster on a yacht. He went on the arctic expedition in the steamer “Polaris,” which sailed from New London on 3 July, 1871. On 15 Oct., 1872, the “Polaris” being fast in the ice and leaking badly, the crew was ordered to land provisions, and while thus engaged the floe broke, and Nindemann with eighteen others drifted southward for 196 days without seeing the ship again. This part of the crew were rescued by the steamship “Tigress” on 29 April, 1873. After returning to Washington, he volunteered on the “Tigress” in her search for the “Polaris,” and remained with this vessel until October, 1873, when he joined the crew of the steamer “Jeannette.” On 9 Oct., 1881, Capt. DeLong sent Louis P. Noros and Nindemann to find aid. Taking a southern course, they wandered until 21 Oct., when they were met by a native, who took them to Kumak Surka, where they sent a message through a Russian exile to George Melville, who afterward joined them at Bulun. Subsequently Melville, James H. Bartlett, and Nindemann explored the delta for traces of DeLong's party and on 15 March, 1882, they found the bodies of DeLong and his ​companions; a thorough but unsuccessful search was made for Lieut. Charles W. Chipp and his party. Nindemann has invented a tong for the gaff of fore-and-aft rigged vessels, which was patented in 1883, and is the author of a pamphlet entitled “Eines deutschen Matrosen Nordpolfahrten,” edited by Karl Knortz (Zürich, 1885).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Nieuwhof, Johann Jacob

Edition of 1900.
​NIEUWHOF, Johann Jacob (nyoy-hoff), German navigator, b. in Usen, Westphalia, in 1610; d. on the coast of Malabar, 29 Sept., 1672. He entered the service of the Dutch West India company as supercargo and made several voyages to South America. The Dutch under Prince Maurice of Nassau-Siegen (q. v.) having conquered northern Brazil, Nieuwhof went to that country about 1640, and, being employed to explore the regions between Maranham and San Francisco rivers, made a particular study of the neighborhood of Pernambuco. He left Brazil in 1649 when the Portuguese captured Rio Grande, and passed to the service of the East Indian company. He resided several years in Batavia, was appointed in 1654 steward of the mission to China under Peter van Goyer and Jacob van Keyser, remained in the latter country till 1657, when he became governor of Ceylon. Returning in 1672 to the Indies from Holland, he landed to trade on the Malabar coast, and was not seen again. He was probably murdered by the natives. He left several manuscripts, which were published after his death, including “Zonderlinge reis naar Brazilie over zee en over ​land” (Amsterdam, 1682), and several works on Chinese history and institutions.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Nina, João Estevam Miguel da Silva

Edition of 1900. No confirmation of this person's existence outside of Appletons' and derived sources has as yet been located, but there is also no verifiable source which states the person is one of Appletons' fictitious entries. Use this information with extra caution. Suspicious due to spelling errors in the titles of the alleged literary works. There is also a mention of his membership in the Historical Institute of Rio De Janiero, but the Institute was not founded until 1838, i.e. 25 years after the subject's date of death.
​NINA, João Estevam Miguel da Silva (ne-nah), Brazilian author, b. in Pernambuco about 1770; d. there in 1813. He received his early education in Brazil, but finished his studies in the University of Coimbra, was graduated in law, and practised his profession successfully in Pernambuco. His leisure time was devoted to historical researches, and he was elected an associate member of the Historical institute of Rio Janeiro. He published “Memorias de algumas particularedades acerca dos estabelecimentos portuguezes eus Brazil” (2 vols., Pernambuco, 1806); “Descripcão circumstanciada do provincia de São Paulo” (2 vols., 1810); and “Colleção das Vidas dos Portuguezes Celebres,” a cyclopædia of the Portuguese adventurers that participated either in the conquest or in the colonization of Brazil (6 vols., 1809-'12).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Niño, Pedro Alonso

Edition of 1900.
​NIÑO, Pedro Alonso, called The Negro, b. in Moguer, Spain, in 1468; d. about 1505. He travelled on the coasts of Africa, and was a companion of Christopher Columbus in his third voyage, in which they discovered the island of Trinidad, 1 Oct., 1498, the mouths of the Orinoco, and the coast that Columbus called Tierra Firme. Returning to Spain he resolved to go to the Indies on his own account in search of the gold and pearls that the Indians had in great abundance. The council of Castille gave him permission to discover new countries, on condition that he should not touch at those that had been already discovered by Columbus, and that he should keep the fifth part of his profits for the king. Louis and Cristopher de la ​Guerra, one a rich merchant and the other a pilot, associated themselves with Niño for the enterprise, and left the port of San Lucas toward the end of May, 1499. After a rapid passage of twenty-three days they arrived on the coast of Tierra Firme in Maracapana. They visited the gulf that Ojeda called the Gulf of Pearls, and also the islands of Margarita, Coche, and Cubagua, where they obtained a large quantity of pearls in exchange for objects of little value. Niño now sailed up the coast to Punta Araya, where he discovered the famous salt-mines that are still called by the same name. He then returned to Spain and arrived in Galicia loaded with wealth after a voyage of two months. He was accused of keeping the fifth part that belonged to the king, and the authorities arrested him and confiscated his property. He died before the termination of the lawsuit that followed.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Niño, Andres

Edition of 1900.
​NIÑO, Andres (neen'-yo), Spanish navigator, b. in Moguer in 1475; d. about 1530. From early youth he navigated vessels for the Portuguese government to the coast of Africa and the East Indies, and he went in 1515 to Panama, where he acquired the reputation of a skilled pilot. When in 1521 Gil Gonzalez-Davila received a commission from the crown of Spain to explore and conquer the Pacific coast north of Panama, he constructed four vessels with timber that was transported with immense labor across the isthmus from the Atlantic, and, appointing Niño chief pilot, sailed on 21 Jan., 1522, from Tararegui, in the Bay of San Miguel. Gonzalez landed on the coast in the Bay of San Vicente with part of his forces to explore the country, and sent Niño further north to discover a passage to the Atlantic of which the Indians had told him. The latter followed the coast to latitude 17º 50' north, and, finding no passage, returned to the south, where he found the Adelantado besieged by an army of 4,000 Indians, whom he helped to disperse. They then continued to explore the coast of Cape Blanco, the Bay of Papagayos, Posesion river, and a gulf which they called Fonseca, in honor of the president of the council of the Indies. They landed in the possessions of a cacique called Nicarao, and, after many encounters with the warlike tribes, penetrated to the interior and discovered there a large fresh-water lake, which they called Mar Dulce, or sweet lake (now Lake Nicaragua), and the volcano of Masaya. After exploring the country thoroughly they sailed again for Panama, where they arrived, 29 Dec., 1532, laden with treasure. They gave a glowing description of the country, which for its wealth they called the paradise of Mohammed. Gonzalez sailed in the following year to Spain to solicit the commission of governor of the country and fit out a new expedition, and Niño returned with him to enjoy his riches, but, his health being shattered by the fatigues of his frequent voyages, he did not survive many years.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Nipher, Francis Eugene

Edition of 1900.
​NIPHER, Francis Eugene, physicist, b. in Port Byron, N. Y., 10 Dec., 1847. He was graduated in 1870 at the State university of Iowa, where he became assistant in physical science. In 1874 he was called to the chair of physics in Washington university, St. Louis. The second state weather service, that of Missouri, was organized by him in 1877, and for ten years was maintained independent of official support. From 1878 till 1883 he conducted a magnetic survey of Missouri, doing the work under private auspices, and publishing the annual reports in the “Transactions of the St. Louis Academy of Sciences.” Prof. Nipher is a member of scientific societies, and since 1884 has been president of the St. Louis academy of sciences. His publications, including twenty-five papers on physics, have been contributed to the “American Journal of Science” and to transactions of societies. He is also the author of “Theory of Magnetic Measurements, with an Appendix on the Method of Least Squares” (New York, 1886).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Nieto, Vicente

Edition of 1900.
​NIETO, Vicente, Spanish soldier, b. in Aranjuez in 1753; d. in Potosi, Bolivia, 15 Dec., 1810. He entered the army as a lieutenant and served in New Spain, becoming in 1795 brevet brigadier-general and honorary colonel of the Pueblo regiment. He returned to Spain in 1806, was in several encounters with the French, commanded a division at the battle of Rio Seco in 1808, and, being promoted major-general at the end of the same year, was sent to serve in Buenos Ayres. In August, 1809, he was appointed by the viceroy, Hidalgo de Cisneros, commander of a division to operate against Chuquisaca, and in November following, by the junta central, president of the audiencia de Charcas. When, in May, 1810, the independence of Buenos Ayres was declared and a patriot army marched against upper Peru, Nieto joined Gen. Jose de Cordova and Francisco de Paula Sanz, intendant of Potosi. The campaign was short, but decisive. The independents were at first defeated at Cotagaita on 27 Oct. and at Tupiza on 29 Oct., but collected their forces, and at Suipacha on 7 Nov. they gained a complete victory, the three royalist generals being made prisoners. Soon all the provinces of upper Peru pronounced for independence, and in the next month, by order of Juan Jose Castelli, member of the junta gubernativa, the Spanish chiefs were shot in Potosi.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Nilsson, Christine

Edition of 1900.
​NILSSON, Christine, singer, b. near Wexiö, Sweden, 3 Aug., 1843. Her father, a small farmer, who possessed taste in music, was the chief chorister in the church of that district. From her earliest years Christine gave evidence of vocal talent. She taught herself to play on the violin and flute, and sang in the peasants' fairs in Sweden with her brother. At one of these festivals in Ljungby in June, 1857, she attracted the attention of a Swedish magistrate named Tornërhjelm, who sent her to Halmstad and Stockholm, where she remained for two years as a pupil of Franz Berwald. After studying in Paris for three years she made her debut there as Violetta in “La Traviata” on 24 Oct., 1864. In 1867 she appeared in London in both opera and oratorio, and in 1868 she sang at the Grand opera-house in Paris, where she made a sensation as Ophelia in Ambroise Thomas's “Hamlet.” In that year she sang in the Crystal palace, London, at the Handel festival. She first appeared in the United States in 1870 in concerts, and in 1871 sang in opera with great success. She re-appeared in London in 1872 and married there Auguste Rouzaud, a broker of Paris, who died in 1882. In 1873 she sang with great success in St. Petersburg, and from 1872 till 1877 she appeared every season in Italian opera in London. She visited this country again in 1873-'4 and in 1882, and made a tour in Scandinavia in 1876. Her last appearance in New York was on 16 April, 1883. In 1886 she married Count Casa di Miranda. Her voice is of moderate power, but possesses remarkable purity of intonation, sweetness, brilliancy, and evenness in its entire register. Its compass is nearly three octaves. Her most successful characters are Elsa, Marguerite, and Mignon.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Ninde, William Xavier

Edition of 1900.
NINDE, William Xavier, M. E. bishop, b. in Cortland, N. Y., 21 June, 1832. His father, Rev. William Ward Ninde, was a well-known Methodist preacher in New York state. The son was graduated at Wesleyan university, Middletown, Conn., in 1855, and after teaching in Rome academy, N. Y., entered the Methodist ministry in 1856. He served as pastor of churches in Ohio, visited Europe and the East in 1868-'9, and in 1870 was transferred to the Detroit conference. In 1873 he was appointed professor of practical theology in the Biblical institute in Evanston, Ill., of which he became president in 1879. He also served from 1876 till 1879 as pastor of the Central church in Detroit, Mich. He was a delegate to the Methodist ecumenical conference in London in 1881, and on 15 May, 1884, was elected bishop. In 1874 he received the degree of D. D. from Wesleyan university.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VI/Arnobius/Adversus Gentes/Book IV/Chapter XXVI

26. But what shall I say of the desires with which it is written in your books, and contained in your writers, that the holy immortals lusted after women? For is it by us that the king of the sea is asserted in the heat of maddened passion to have robbed of their virgin purity Amphitrite, Hippothoe, Amymone, Menalippe, Alope? that the spotless Apollo, Latona’s son, most chaste and pure, with the passions of a breast not governed by reason, desired Arsinoe, Æthusa, Hypsipyle, Marpessa, Zeuxippe, and Prothoe, Daphne, and Sterope? Is it shown in our poems that the aged Saturn, already long covered with grey hair, and now cooled by weight of years, being taken by his wife in adultery, put on the form of one of the lower animals, and neighing loudly, escaped in the shape of a beast? Do you not accuse Jupiter himself of having assumed countless forms, and concealed by mean deceptions the ardour of his wanton lust? Have we ever written that he obtained his desires by deceit, at one time changing into gold, at another into a sportive satyr; into a serpent, a bird, a bull; and, to pass beyond all limits of disgrace, into a little ant, that he might, forsooth, make Clitor’s daughter the mother of Myrmidon, in Thessaly? Who represented him as having watched over Alcmena for nine nights without ceasing? was it not you?—that he indolently abandoned himself to his lusts, forsaking his post in heaven? was it not you? And, indeed, you ascribe to him no mean favours; since, in your opinion, the god Hercules was born to exceed and surpass in such matters his father’s powers. He in nine nights begot with difficulty one son; but Hercules, a holy god, in one night taught the fifty daughters of Thestius at once to lay aside their virginal title, and to bear a mother’s burden. Moreover, not content to have ascribed to the gods love of women, do you also say that they lusted after men? Some one loves Hylas; another is engaged with Hyacinthus; that one burns with desire for Pelops; this one sighs more ardently for Chrysippus; Catamitus is carried off to be a favourite and cup-bearer; and Fabius, that he may be called Jove’s darling, is branded on the soft parts, and marked in the hinder.

## Footnotes

* ↑ These names are all in the plural in the original.
* ↑ So LB. and Orelli, reading Alopas, from Clem. Alex., for the ms. Alcyonas.
* ↑ These names are all in the plural in the original.
* ↑ Lit., “you add.”
* ↑ In the original, somewhat at large—unam potuit prolem extundere, concinnare, compingere.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VI/Arnobius/Adversus Gentes/Book IV/Chapter XXVIII

28. For where there are weddings, marriages, births, nurses, arts, and weaknesses; where there are liberty and slavery; where there are wounds, slaughter, and shedding of blood; where there are lusts, desires, sensual pleasures; where there is every mental passion arising from disgusting emotions,—there must of necessity be nothing godlike there; nor can that cleave to a superior nature which belongs to a fleeting race, and to the frailty of earth. For who, if only he recognises and perceives what the nature of that power is, can believe either that a deity had the generative members, and was deprived of them by a very base operation; or that he at one time cut off the children sprung from himself, and was punished by suffering imprisonment; or that he, in a way, made civil war upon his father, and deprived him of the right of governing; or that he, filled with fear of one younger when overcome, turned to flight, and hid in remote solitudes, like a fugitive and exile? Who, I say, can believe that the deity reclined at men’s tables, was troubled on account of his avarice, deceived his suppliants by an ambiguous reply, excelled in the tricks of thieves, committed adultery, acted as a slave, was wounded, and in love, and submitted to the seduction of impure desires in all the forms of lust? But yet you declare all these things both were, and are, in your gods; and you pass by no form of vice, wickedness, error, without bringing it forward, in the wantonness of your fancies, to the reproach of the gods. You must, therefore, either seek out other gods, to whom all these reproaches shall not apply, for they are a human and earthly race to whom they apply; or if there are only these whose names and character you have declared, by your beliefs you do away with them: for all the things of which you speak relate to men.

## Footnotes

* ↑ i.e., either the arts which belong to each god (cf. the words in ii. 18: “these (arts) are not the gifts of science, but the discoveries of necessity”), or, referring to the words immediately preceding, obstetric arts.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VI/Arnobius/Adversus Gentes/Book IV/Chapter XXX

30. But in the discussion which we at present maintain, we do not undertake this trouble or service, to show and declare who all these were. But this is what we proposed to ourselves, that as you call us impious and irreligious, and, on the other hand, maintain that you are pious and serve the gods, we should prove and make manifest that by no men are they treated with less respect than by you. But if it is proved by the very insults that it is so, it must, as a consequence, be understood that it is you who rouse the gods to fierce and terrible rage, because you either listen to or believe, or yourselves invent about them, stories so degrading. For it is not he who is anxiously thinking of religious rites, and slays spotless victims, who gives piles of incense to be burned with fire, not he must be thought to worship the deities, or alone discharge the duties of religion. True worship is in the heart, and a belief worthy of the gods; nor does it at all avail to bring blood and gore, if you believe about them things which are not only far remote from and unlike their nature, but even to some extent stain and disgrace both their dignity and virtue.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Qui sollicite relegit. Relegit is here used by Arnobius to denote the root of religio, and has therefore some such meaning as that given above. Cf. Cicero, de Nat. Deorum, ii. 28.