# Canterbury Tales (ed. Skeat)/Physician

>> Skeat's notes on the Phisiciens Tale
Here folweth the Phisiciens Tale.
Ther was, as telleth Titus Livius, A knight that called was Virginius, Fulfild of honour and of worthinesse, And strong of freendes and of greet richesse.
 This knight a doghter hadde by his wyf, 5 No children hadde he mo in al his lyf. Fair was this mayde in excellent beautee Aboven every wight that man may see; For nature hath with sovereyn diligence Y-formed hir in so greet excellence, 10 As though she wolde seyn, 'lo! I, Nature, Thus can I forme and peynte a creature, Whan that me list; who can me countrefete? Pigmalion noght, though he ay forge and bete, Or grave, or peynte; for I dar wel seyn, 15 Apelles, Zanzis, sholde werche in veyn, Outher to grave or peynte or forge or bete, If they presumed me to countrefete. For he that is the former principal Hath maked me his vicaire general, 20 To forme and peynten erthely creaturis Right as me list, and ech thing in my cure is Under the mone, that may wane and waxe, And for my werk right no-thing wol I axe; My lord and I ben ful of oon accord; 25 I made hir to the worship of my lord. So do I alle myne othere creatures, What colour that they han, or what figures.'— Thus semeth me that Nature wolde seye.
 This mayde of age twelf yeer was and tweye, 30 In which that Nature hadde swich delyt. For right as she can peynte a lilie whyt And reed a rose, right with swich peynture She peynted hath this noble creature Er she were born, up-on hir limes free, 35 Wher-as by right swiche colours sholde be; And Phebus dyed hath hir tresses grete Lyk to the stremes of his burned hete. And if that excellent was hir beautee, A thousand-fold more vertuous was she. 40 In hir ne lakked no condicioun, That is to preyse, as by discrecioun. As wel in goost as body chast was she; For which she floured in virginitee With alle humilitee and abstinence, 45 With alle attemperaunce and pacience, With mesure eek of bering and array. Discreet she was in answering alway; Though she were wys as Pallas, dar I seyn, Hir facound eek ful wommanly and pleyn, 50 No countrefeted termes hadde she To seme wys; but after hir degree She spak, and alle hir wordes more and lesse Souninge in vertu and in gentillesse. Shamfast she was in maydens shamfastnesse, 55 Constant in herte, and ever in bisinesse To dryve hir out of ydel slogardye. Bacus hadde of hir mouth right no maistrye; For wyn and youthe doon Venus encrece, As men in fyr wol casten oile or grece. 60 And of hir owene vertu, unconstreyned, She hath ful ofte tyme syk hir feyned, For that she wolde fleen the companye Wher lykly was to treten of folye, As is at festes, revels, and at daunces, 65 That been occasions of daliaunces. Swich thinges maken children for to be To sone rype and bold, as men may see, Which is ful perilous, and hath ben yore. For al to sone may she lerne lore 70 Of boldnesse, whan she woxen is a wyf.
 And ye maistresses in your olde lyf, That lordes doghtres han in governaunce, Ne taketh of my wordes no displesaunce; Thenketh that ye ben set in governinges 75 Of lordes doghtres, only for two thinges; Outher for ye han kept your honestee, Or elles ye han falle in freletee, And knowen wel y-nough the olde daunce, And han forsaken fully swich meschaunce 80 For evermo; therfore, for Cristes sake, To teche hem vertu loke that ye ne slake. A theef of venisoun, that hath forlaft His likerousnesse, and al his olde craft, Can kepe a forest best of any man. 85 Now kepeth hem wel, for if ye wol, ye can; Loke wel that ye un-to no vice assente, Lest ye be dampned for your wikke entente; For who-so doth, a traitour is certeyn. And taketh kepe of that that I shal seyn; 90 Of alle tresons sovereyn pestilence Is whan a wight bitrayseth innocence.
 Ye fadres and ye modres eek also, Though ye han children, be it oon or two, Your is the charge of al hir surveyaunce, 95 Whyl that they been under your governaunce. Beth war that by ensample of your livinge, Or by your necligence in chastisinge, That they ne perisse; for I dar wel seye, If that they doon, ye shul it dere abeye. 100 Under a shepherde softe and necligent The wolf hath many a sheep and lamb to-rent. Suffyseth oon ensample now as here, For I mot turne agayn to my matere.
 This mayde, of which I wol this tale expresse, 105 So kepte hir-self, hir neded no maistresse; For in hir living maydens mighten rede, As in a book, every good word or dede, That longeth to a mayden vertuous; She was so prudent and so bountevous. 110 For which the fame out-sprong on every syde Bothe of hir beautee and hir bountee wyde; That thurgh that land they preysed hir echone, That loved vertu, save envye allone, That sory is of other mennes wele, 115 And glad is of his sorwe and his unhele; (The doctour maketh this descripcioun). This mayde up-on a day wente in the toun Toward a temple, with hir moder dere, As is of yonge maydens the manere. 120
 Now was ther thanne a Iustice in that toun, That governour was of that regioun. And so bifel, this Iuge his eyen caste Up-on this mayde, avysinge him ful faste, As she cam forby ther this Iuge stood. 125 Anon his herte chaunged and his mood, So was he caught with beautee of this mayde; And to him-self ful prively he sayde, 'This mayde shal be myn, for any man.'
 Anon the feend in-to his herte ran, 130 And taughte him sodeynly, that he by slighte The mayden to his purpos winne mighte. For certes, by no force, ne by no mede, Him thoughte, he was nat able for to spede; For she was strong of freendes, and eek she 135 Confermed was in swich soverayn bountee, That wel he wiste he mighte hir never winne As for to make hir with hir body sinne. For which, by greet deliberacioun, He sente after a cherl, was in the toun, 140 Which that he knew for subtil and for bold. This Iuge un-to this cherl his tale hath told In secree wyse, and made him to ensure, He sholde telle it to no creature, And if he dide, he sholde lese his heed. 145 Whan that assented was this cursed reed, Glad was this Iuge and maked him greet chere, And yaf hym yiftes preciouse and dere.
 Whan shapen was al hir conspiracye Fro point to point, how that his lecherye 150 Parfourned sholde been ful subtilly, As ye shul here it after openly, Hoom gooth the cherl, that highte Claudius. This false Iuge that highte Apius, So was his name, (for this is no fable, 155 But knowen for historial thing notable, The sentence of it sooth is, out of doute), This false Iuge gooth now faste aboute To hasten his delyt al that he may. And so bifel sone after, on a day, 160 This false Iuge, as telleth us the storie, As he was wont, sat in his consistorie, And yaf his domes up-on sondry cas. This false cherl cam forth a ful greet pas, And seyde, 'lord, if that it be your wille, 165 As dooth me right up-on this pitous bille, In which I pleyne up-on Virginius. And if that he wol seyn it is nat thus, I wol it preve, and finde good witnesse, That sooth is that my bille wol expresse.' 170
 The Iuge answerde, 'of this, in his absence, I may nat yeve diffinitif sentence. Lat do him calle, and I wol gladly here; Thou shall have al right, and no wrong here.'
 Virginius cam, to wite the Iuges wille, 175 And right anon was rad this cursed bille; The sentence of it was as ye shul here.
 'To yow, my lord, sire Apius so dere, Sheweth your povre servant Claudius, How that a knight, called Virginius, 180 Agayns the lawe, agayn al equitee, Holdeth, expres agayn the wil of me, My servant, which that is my thral by right, Which fro myn hous was stole up-on a night, Whyl that she was ful yong; this wol I preve 185 By witnesse, lord, so that it nat yow greve. She nis his doghter nat, what so he seye; Wherfore to yow, my lord the Iuge, I preye, Yeld me my thral, if that it be your wille.' Lo! this was al the sentence of his bille. 190
 Virginius gan up-on the cherl biholde, But hastily, er he his tale tolde, And wolde have preved it, as sholde a knight, And eek by witnessing of many a wight, That it was fals that seyde his adversarie, 195 This cursed Iuge wolde no-thing tarie, Ne here a word more of Virginius, But yaf his Iugement, and seyde thus:—
 'I deme anon this cherl his servant have; Thou shalt no lenger in thyn hous hir save. 200 Go bring hir forth, and put hir in our warde, The cherl shal have his thral, this I awarde.'
 And whan this worthy knight Virginius, Thurgh sentence of this Iustice Apius, Moste by force his dere doghter yiven 205 Un-to the Iuge, in lecherye to liven, He gooth him hoom, and sette him in his halle, And leet anon his dere doghter calle, And, with a face deed as asshen colde, Upon hir humble face he gan biholde, 210 With fadres pitee stiking thurgh his herte, Al wolde he from his purpos nat converte.
 'Doghter,' quod he, 'Virginia, by thy name, Ther been two weyes, outher deeth or shame, That thou most suffre; allas! that I was bore! 215 For never thou deservedest wherfore To dyen with a swerd or with a knyf. O dere doghter, ender of my lyf, Which I have fostred up with swich plesaunce, That thou were never out of my remembraunce! 220 O doghter, which that art my laste wo, And in my lyf my laste Ioye also, O gemme of chastitee, in pacience Take thou thy deeth, for this is my sentence. For love and nat for hate, thou most be deed; 225 My pitous hand mot smyten of thyn heed. Allas! that ever Apius thee say! Thus hath he falsly Iuged thee to-day'— And tolde hir al the cas, as ye bifore Han herd; nat nedeth for to telle it more. 230
 'O mercy, dere fader,' quod this mayde, And with that word she both hir armes layde About his nekke, as she was wont to do: The teres broste out of hir eyen two, And seyde, 'gode fader, shal I dye? 235 Is ther no grace? is ther no remedye?'
 'No, certes, dere doghter myn,' quod he.
 'Thanne yif me leyser, fader myn,' quod she, 'My deeth for to compleyne a litel space; For pardee, Iepte yaf his doghter grace 240 For to compleyne, er he hir slow, allas! And god it woot, no-thing was hir trespas, But for she ran hir fader first to see, To welcome him with greet solempnitee.' And with that word she fil aswowne anon, 245 And after, whan hir swowning is agon, She ryseth up, and to hir fader sayde, 'Blessed be god, that I shal dye a mayde. Yif me my deeth, er that I have a shame; Doth with your child your wil, a goddes name!' 250
 And with that word she preyed him ful ofte, That with his swerd he wolde smyte softe, And with that word aswowne doun she fil. Hir fader, with ful sorweful herte and wil, Hir heed of smoot, and by the top it hente, 255 And to the Iuge he gan it to presente, As he sat yet in doom in consistorie. And whan the Iuge it saugh, as seith the storie, He bad to take him and anhange him faste. But right anon a thousand peple in thraste, 260 To save the knight, for routhe and for pitee, For knowen was the false iniquitee. The peple anon hath suspect of this thing, By manere of the cherles chalanging, That it was by the assent of Apius; 265 They wisten wel that he was lecherous. For which un-to this Apius they gon, And caste him in a prison right anon, Wher-as he slow him-self; and Claudius, That servant was un-to this Apius, 270 Was demed for to hange upon a tree; But that Virginius, of his pitee, So preyde for him that he was exyled; And elles, certes, he had been bigyled. The remenant were anhanged, more and lesse, 275 That were consentant of this cursednesse.—
 Heer men may seen how sinne hath his meryte! Beth war, for no man woot whom god wol smyte In no degree, ne in which maner wyse The worm of conscience may agryse 280 Of wikked lyf, though it so privee be, That no man woot ther-of but god and he. For be he lewed man, or elles lered, He noot how sone that he shal been afered. Therfore I rede yow this conseil take, 285 Forsaketh sinne, er sinne yow forsake.
Here endeth the Phisiciens tale.
Variae Lectiones, etc.
2. Hn. called was; E. was called; rest cleped was.—16. E. Hn. Apelles; Hl. Appollus; rest Apollus.—E. Hn. Zanzis; rest zephirus (!).—25. E. Hn. ful of oon; rest fully at.—49. Cp. Pt. Ln. as; rest om.—50. E. a (for and).—55. E. Shamefast.—E. om. in.—59. E. Hn. dooth; rest doon.—E. Hn. encresse.—60. E. man; rest men. E. wasten; rest casten.—E. oille; greesse.—67. E. Hn. thyng; rest thinges.—70. E. Hn. they; rest she.—80. E. Hn. han; rest conne.—82. So E. Hn.; rest Kepeth wel tho that ye undertake.—84. E. Hn. olde; rest theves.—86. Read kep'th; E. Hn. om. hem; Hl. hir(!).—E. wolde; rest wole (wil).—92. E. Hn. bitrayseth; rest betrayeth.—95. E. Hn. surveiaunce; rest sufferaunce (suffraunce).—97. E. Hn. if; rest that.—99. E. Hn. om. ne.—103, 4. E. om. both lines; I follow Hn. and the rest.—105. E. Hn. I wol this; rest I telle my.—119. E. Hn. a; rest the.—125. E. Hn. ther as; rest om. as.—138. E. maken; rest make.—140, 142. E. Hn. cherl; rest clerk.—147. E. Hn. this; rest the.—149. E. Hn. hir; rest this.—153, 164. E. Hn. cherl; rest clerk.—155. E. Hn. this; rest it.—172. E. diffynyue; rest diffinitif.—173, 174. E. heere, glossed audire; and heere, glossed hie.—191. E. Hn. Cm. cherl; rest clerk.—199, 202. E. Hn. Cm. cherl; rest clerk.—202. E. Hn. Cm. this; rest thus.—205. Hl. Cp. yiuen; rest yeuen.—223. E. o; rest of.—234. E. Hn. teeris.—E. bruste; Cm. broste; Pt. brosten; Hn. borste; Cp. Ln. barsten; Hl. brast.—243. E. Hn. for; rest first.—248. E. Ln. Blissed; rest Blessed.—252. All but E. Hn. ins. hir before softe.—259. E. Hn. anhange; rest honge.—260. E. Hn. a thousand; rest al the.—263. E. of; rest in.—264. E. Hn. the cherles; rest this clerkes.—269. E. Hn. Ther; rest Wher.—271. E. And; rest Was.—275. E. Hn. Hl. anhanged; rest honged.—278. E. Hn. whom; rest how.—280. E. Hn. may agryse; rest wol (wil) arise.—283. E. ellis.—Cp. Ln. Whether he be lewed man or lered; so Pt. (with Where for Whether); so Hl. (with Wher that for Whether).—Colophon. So E. Hn.; Sloane has Here endethe the tale of the Mayster of phisyk; Hl. Here endeth the Doctor of phisique his tale.