# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Volume XXIII

See also the scan index; and the disclaimer.
| | Volume XXIII T – Upsala | Volume XXIII T – Upsala | |
| T – Te | Th – To | Tr – Tz | U – Up |
| T, the twentieth letter of the alphabet. Tabari, Arab historian. Tabernacle, of Scripture. Tabernacles, Feast of, Jewish. Tables, Mathematical. Taboo, system of religious prohibitions. Tabriz, or Tabreez, town, Persia. Tacitus, Roman historian. Tacitus, M. Claudius, Roman emperor. Tactics, Military (See War). Tadmor, or Palmyra (q.v.), ancient town, Syria. Tafilelt, oasis. Taganrog, town, Russia. Tagliacozzi, Gasparo, Bolognese surgeon. Taglioni, Marie, Italian ballet-dancer. Tagus, river, Spain and Portugal. Tahiti Archipelago, Pacific Ocean. Taiwan (Formosa, q.v.), island, China. Tajaks, or Tajiks, races of people, Asia. Taka, region, Nubia (q.v.). Talavera de la Reina, town, Spain. Talbot, Family of, English aristocracy. Talbot, William Henry Fox, English scientist and archæologist. Talc, mineral. (See Geology and Mineralogy.) Talca, town, Chili. Talent, ancient measure of weight. (See Numismatics.) Tales, or Stories. Talfourd, Sir Thomas Noon, English judge and dramatic writer. Talisman (Amulet, q.v.), charm. Tallage, English tax. Talleyrand de Périgord, Charles Maurice, French politician. Tallien, Jean Lambert, French Revolutionist. Tallis, Thomas, English musical composer. Tallow, animal fat. Tallow Oils. (See Oils.) Talma, Joseph François, French tragedian. Talmud, in Jewish literature. Tam, Rabbenu, rabbinic scholar. Tamaqua, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Tamarind, fruit. Tamarisk, shrub. Tamboff, government, Russia. Tamboff, town, Russia. Tamerlane (Timur, q.v.), Mongol conqueror. Tamils, people of India. Tamworth, town, England. Tanager, bird. Tancred, crusader. Tancred, king of Sicily. Tanganyika, Lake, Central Africa. Tangiers, or Tangier, town, Morocco. Tanhäuser, of German legend. Tanjore, district, India. Tanjore, town, India. Tannahill, Robert, Scottish poet. Tannin, tanning substances. Tanning, of leather (q.v.). Tantalum, chemical element. Tantalus, of Greek mythology. Taoism, or Taouism, Chinese religion. (See Lao-tsze.) Taormina, town, Sicily. Tapaculo, bird. Tapestry, ornamental textile (q.v.). Tape-Worms. Tapioca, article of food. Tapir, ungulate mammal. Tar. Tarai, district, India. Taranto (Tarentum, q.v.), town, Italy. Tarantula, spider. Tarare, town, France. Tarascon, town, France. Taraxacum, genus of plants. Tarbes, town, France. Tarentum, ancient town, Italy. Tares, or Vetches, forage crop. (See Agriculture.) Targum, in Jewish literature. Tarifa, town, Spain. Tarn, department, France. Tarn-et-Garonne, department, France. Tarnopol, town, Galicia, Austria. Tarpaulin, waterproof material. Tarquinii, Etruscan town, Italy (See Etruria). Tarquinius Priscus, Lucius, Roman king. Tarquinius Superbus, Lucius, Roman king. Tarragona, province, Spain. Tarragona, town, Spain. Tarshish, Phœnician colony. (See Phœnicia.) Tarsus, ancient town, Asia Minor. Tartaglia, or Tartalea, Niccolò, Italian mathematician. Tartan, chequered cloth. Tartaric Acid. Tartars, or Tatars, Ural-Altaic people. Tartarus, of Greek mythology. Tartini, Giuseppe, Italian violinist and composer. Tarudant, town, Morocco (q.v.). Tashkend, town, Central Asia. Tasman, Abel Janszen, Dutch navigator. Tasmania, island, Australasia. Tassie, James, Scottish gem-engraver. Tassie, William, gem-engraver. Tasso, Torquato, Italian poet. Tassoni, Alessandro, Italian poet. Taste, Sense of. Tatars, or Tartars (q.v.), Ural-Altaic people. Tate, Nahum, English hymn-writer. Tatian, Christian apologist. Tatius, Achilles, Alexandrian romance-writer. (See Romance.) Tauler, Johann, German mystic. Taunton, town, England. Taunton, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Taurida, government, Russia. Tauromenium (Taormina, q.v.), ancient town, Sicily. Taurus, mountains, Asia Minor (q.v.). Tavernier, Jean Baptiste, French Oriental traveller. Tavira, town, Portugal. Tavistock, town, England. Tavoy, district, Burmah. Tawing, of leather (q.v.). Taxation. Taxidermy. Taxila, ancient town, India. (See Rawal Pindi.) Tay, river, Scotland. Taylor, Bayard, American writer. Taylor, Brook, English mathematician. Taylor, Sir Henry, English poet and colonial statesman. Taylor, Isaac, English theological and philosophical writer. Taylor, Jeremy, English preacher and theologian. Taylor, John, English poet. Taylor, Tom, English dramatist and art critic. Taylor, Zachary, president of the United States. Tchad, Lake, Soudan (q.v.), Africa (q.v.). Tcheremisses, Ural-Altaic people. (See Finland and Russia.) Tcherkasy, town, Russia. Tchernigoff, government, Russia. Tchernigoff, town, Russia. Tchernomorsk, government, Russia. Tchistopol, town, Russia. Tchita, town, Transbaikalia, Siberia. Tea. Teak, tree. Teal, bird. Technical Education. Teeth. (See Mammalia, Digestive Organs, Ivory, and Dentistry.) Tegea, ancient town, Greece. Tegnér, Esaias, Swedish writer. Teheran, town, Persia. Tehuantepec, isthmus and town, Mexico. Teignmouth, town, England. Teinds, in Scots law. (See Tithes.) Telegraph. Telemeter, or Rangefinder. Telephone. Telescope. Telesphorus, bishop of Rome. Telford, Thomas, Scottish civil engineer. Tell, William, Swiss hero. Teller, Wilhelm Abraham, German rationalist. Tellez, Gabriel (Tirso de Molina), Spanish dramatist. Tellicherri, town, India. Tellurium, chemical element. (See Selenium and Tellurium.) Telpherage, mode of electric traction (q.v.). Temesvar, town, Hungary. Temminck, Konrad Jacob, Dutch ornithologist. Tempe, Vale of, Greece. (See Thessaly.) Tempera, method of painting. Temperance Societies. Templars, Knights, military order. Temple, Temples, places of worship. Temple, Sir William, English diplomatist and writer. Tenant. (See Landlord and Tenant.) Tenasserim, division, Burmah. Tenby, town, Wales. Tench, fish. Tender, Legal, of payment (q.v.). Teneriffe, one of the Canary Islands (q.v.). Teniers, David, Flemish painter. Tenimber (Timor Laut, q.v.), island, Indian Archipelago. Tenison, Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury. Tennant, William, Scottish poet. Tennent, Sir James Emerson, English politician and traveller. Tennessee, State, U.S.A. Tennis, game. Tennis, Lawn, game. Tent. Teplitz, or Töplitz, town and spa, Bohemia. Teramo, town, Italy. Teraphim, of Scripture. Terburg, Gerard, Dutch painter. Terceira, island, Azores (q.v.). Teredo, genus of Mollusca. Terek, government, Russia. Terence, Roman dramatist. Teresa, or Theresa (q.v.), Spanish saint. Terlizzi, town, Italy. Term, in law. Termini, town, Sicily. Termites, or White Ants. (See Ant.) Termonde (Dendermonde, q.v.), town, Belgium. Tern, bird. Ternate, island and town, Indian Archipelago. Terni, town, Italy. Terpander, Lesbian poet and musician. Terracina, town, Italy. Terra-Cotta, decorative clay-work. Terranova, town, Sicily. Terrapin, reptile. (See Tortoise.) Terre Haute, town, Indiana, U.S.A. Tersteegen, Gerhard, German religious writer. Tertiaries, order of monks and nuns. (See Franciscans.) Tertullian (Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus), early church writer. Terudant, town, Morocco (q.v.). Teruel, province, Spain. Teruel, town, Spain. Teschen, town, Austria. Tessin (Ticino, q.v.), canton, Switzerland. Test Acts, English. Testament, in law. (See Will.) Testimony, Probability of. (See Evidence.) Tetanus, disease. Tetrarch, ancient ruler’s title. Tetuan, town, Morocco. Teutones, German tribe. Teutonic Languages. Teutonic Order, of Knights. Tewkesbury, town, England. Texas, State, U.S.A. Textiles, woven fabrics. Teza, town, Morocco (q.v.). | Thackeray, William Makepeace, English novelist and critic. Thalberg, Sigismond, Italian pianist and composer. Thales of Miletus, Greek astronomer and philosopher. Thallium, chemical element. Thames, river, England. Thana, district, India. Thana, town, India. Thanes, early English nobility. (See England and Nobility.) Thapsacus (Tiphsah), Mesopotamia (q.v.), Crossing of Euphrates at. Thar and Parkar, district, India. Tharrawaddy, district, Burmah. Thasos, island, Greece. Thayetmyo, district, Burmah. Theatre, Theatres. Thebes, town, Egypt (q.v.). Thebes, town, Greece. Thecla, St. Theft, in law. Theism. Themis, in Greek mythology. Themistius, Byzantine rhetorician. Themistocles, Greek general. Thénard, Louis Jacques, French chemist. Theobald, Lewis, English playwright. Theocritus, Greek pastoral poet. Theodolite, its use in surveying (q.v.). Theodora, wife of the emperor Justinian. Theodore of Mopsuestia, early Christian writer. Theodore I.–II., popes. Theodoret, bishop of Cyprus. Theodoric, king of the East Goths. Theodosia, town, Crimea, Russia. Theodosius I., Roman emperor. Theodosius II., emperor of the East. Theodosius III., emperor of the East. Theodosius of Tripolis, Greek geometer and astronomer. Theognis of Megara, Greek poet. Theology. Theophilus Abbas, instructor of Justinian. Theophrastus, Peripatetic philosopher. Theophylact, Biblical commentator. Theophylactus of Simocatta, Byzantine historian (q.v.). Theopompus of Chios, Greek historian and rhetorician. Theorbo, lute (q.v.). Theosophy. Thera, island, Greece. Theramenes, Athenian oligarch. Therapeutæ, monastic sect. (See Monachism.) Theresa, St, Spanish saint. Theresiopel, Maria (Szabadka, q.v.), town, Hungary. Thermal Springs. (See Geology and Mineral Waters.) Thermodynamics. Thermo-Electricity. (See Electricity.) Thermometer. Théroigne de Méricourt, Anne Joseph, French Revolutionist. Theseus, of Greek legend. Thesmophoria, Greek festival. Thespiæ, town, ancient Greece. Thessalonians, Epistles to the. Thessalonica (Salonica, q.v.), town, Macedonia. Thessaly, district, Greece. Thetford, town, England. Thevenot, Jean de, French Oriental traveller. Thian Shan, mountains, Central Asia. (See Asia, Syr-Daria, and Turkestan.) Thibaut, Anton Friedrich Justus, German jurist. Thibet, or Tibet (q.v.), country, Central Asia. Thielt, town, Belgium. Thierry, Amédée Simon Dominique & Jacques Nicolas Augustin, French historians. Thiers, town, France. Thiers, Louis Adolphe, French historian and statesman. Thirlwall, Connop, bishop of St David’s, historian. Thirsk, town, England. Thistle, plant. Thistle, Order of the. (See Knighthood.) Thistlewood Conspiracy (1820), in England. Tholuck, Friedrich August, German theologian and preacher. Thomas, St, apostle. Thomas Aquinas, scholastic philosopher. (See Aquinas.) Thomas Becket, archbishop of Canterbury. (See À Becket.) Thomas of Celano. Thomas of Erceldoune, Scottish legendary poet. Thomas a Kempis, mediæval writer. (See Kempis). Thomasius, Christian, German jurist and publicist. Thompson, Sir Benjamin (Count Rumford), scientist and diplomatist. Thompson, Thomas Peronnet, English politician and mathematician. Thomson, Sir Charles Wyville, Scottish naturalist. Thomson, James (1700–1748), Scottish poet, author of The Seasons. Thomson, James (1834–1882), Scottish poet, author of City of Dreadful Night. Thomson, John, Scottish landscape painter. Thor, Scandinavian deity. (See Æsir and Mythology.) Thoreau, Henry David, American writer. Thorium, chemical element. Thorn, town, West Prussia. Thornback, fish. Thornhill, Sir James, English painter. Thorwaldsen, Bertel, Danish sculptor. Thou, Jacques August de, French historian. Thousand and One Nights, Arabic tales. Thrace, country, South-Eastern Europe. Thrale, Mrs (Hester Lynch, Mrs Piozzi, q.v.), English writer. Thrasybulus, Athenian general. Thread-Worms. (See Nematoidia.) Three Rivers, town, Canada. Throat, diseases of. Throndhjem, town, Norway. Thrush, bird. Thucydides, Greek historian. Thugs, Indian assassins. Thugut, Franz Maria von, Austrian diplomatist. Thule, ancient Northern land. Thümmel, Moritz August von, German writer. Thunberg, Carl Peter, Swedish traveller and botanist. Thunderstorm. Thun-Khwa, district, Burmah. Thurgau, or Thurgovia, canton, Switzerland. Thurii, town, Magna Græcia, Italy. Thuringia, district, Upper Saxony. Thuringian Law Code. (See Salic Law.) Thurles, town, Ireland. Thurlow, Lord, lord chancellor of England. Thurso, town, Scotland. Thyme, plant. Tibbus, nomad race, North Africa. Tiber, river, Italy (q.v.). Tiberias, town, Palestine. Tiberius (Tiberius Claudius Nero), Roman emperor. Tibet, country, Central Asia. Tibullus, Albius, Roman poet. Tibur (Tivoli, q.v.), ancient town, Italy. Tic-Douloureux, form of neuralgia (q.v.). Ticino, canton, Switzerland. Tick, mite (q.v.). Tickell, Thomas, English poet. Ticknor, George, American man of letters. Ticonderoga, town, New York, U.S.A. Tides. Tidor, island, Indian Archipelago. Tieck, Ludwig, German tale-writer. Tiedemann, Friedrich, German anatomist. Tientsin, town, China. Tierney, George, English politician. Tierra del Fuego, archipelago, South America. Tiffin, town, Ohio, U.S.A. Tiflis, town, Russian Caucasia. Tiger, carnivorous mammal. Tiger-Cat, carnivorous mammal. (See Ocelot.) Tigranes, Armenian kings. Tigris, river, Asia. Tilburg, or Tilborg, town, Holland. Tilden, Samuel Jones, American statesman. Tiles. Tillemont, Sébastien le Nain de, French ecclesiastical historian. Tillotson, John, archbishop of Canturbury. Tilly, Johann Tserclaes, count of, imperial general. Tilsit, town, Prussia. Timber, as building material. (See Building, Forests, Strength of Materials, &c.) Timbuktu, or Timbuctoo, town, Sahara, Africa. Time, Measurement of. Timoleon, Greek statesman and general. Timon of Athens, misanthrope. Timon of Philus, Greek sillograph and sceptic. Timor, island, Indian Archipelago. Timor Laut, island group, Indian Archipelago. Timotheus, Athenian general. Timotheus, Greek musician and poet. Timothy, of Scripture. Timur, or Tamerlane, Oriental conqueror. Tin, metal. Tinamou, bird. Tindal, Matthew, English deist. Tinghae, town, Chusan (q.v.), China. Tinné, Alexandrine, Dutch traveller in Africa. Tinnevelli, district, India. Tinnevelli, town, India. Tintoretto, Il (Jacopo Robusti, q.v.), Italian painter. Tipperah, district, British India. Tipperary, county, Ireland. Tipperary, town, Ireland. Tippoo Sahib, sultan of Mysore, India. Tipton, town, England. Tiraboschi, Girolamo, Italian historian. Tiresias, of Greek legend. Tirhut, or Tirhoot, district, India. Tirlemont, town, Belgium. Tiryns, or Tirynth, ancient town, Greece. Tischendorf, Lobegott Friedrich Konstantin, German Biblical critic. Tisio, or Tisi, Benvenuto, Italian painter. Titanium, chemical element. Titans, of Greek mythology. Tithes, of Scripture. Tithonus, in Greek mythology. Titian (Tiziano Vecellio), Italian painter. Titles of Honour. Titmouse, bird. Titus (Titus Flavius Sabinus Vespasianus), Roman emperor. Titus, of Scripture. Titus, Epistle to. (See Pastoral Epistles.) Titusville, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Tiumen, or Tyumen (q.v.), town, Siberia. Tiverton, town, England. Tivoli, town, Italy. Tlaxcala, town, Mexico. Tlemcen, town, Algeria. Toad, amphibian. Tobacco, plant and narcotic. Tobago, island, West Indies. Tobit, Book of, in Apocrypha. Tobolsk, government, Russia in Asia. Tobolsk, town, Russia in Asia. Tocqueville, Alexis Henri Charles Chérel, Comte de, French politician. Todas, tribe, India. (See Niligri Hills.) Todleben, Eduard Ivanovich, Russian general. Todmorden, town, England. Tody, bird. Toga, Roman article of dress. (⁠See Costume.) Togo-Land, district, West Coast, Africa. Tokat, town, Turkey. Tokay, town, Hungary. Tokio (Yedo), town, Japan. Toland, John, English deist. Toledo, province, Spain. Toledo, town, Spain. Toledo, town, Ohio, U.S.A. Toll, in law. Toluca, town, Mexico. Tomato, vegetable. (⁠See Horticulture.) Tompa, Mihaly, Hungarian poet. Tomsk, government, Siberia. Tomsk, town, Siberia. Tonga, one of the Friendly Islands (q.v.), South Pacific. Tong-King, French colony, Eastern Asia. Tongue. (⁠See Anatomy and Taste). Tonnage, of ships. Tonnage and Poundage, customs duties, England. Tonqua Bean. Tonquin (Tong-King, q.v.), French colony, Eastern Asia. Tonsillitis, disease. (See Throat Diseases.) Tonsure, Roman Catholic rite. Tontine, system of life insurance. Tooke, John Horne, English politician and philologer. Topaz, precious stone. Topeka, town, Kansas, U.S.A. Torcello, island, Venice. Torgau, town, Prussia. Toronto, town, Ontario, Canada. Torpedo, explosive apparatus. Torquatus, Roman consuls. (See Manlius.) Torquay, town, England. Torquemada, Juan de, cardinal, learned Dominican. Torquemada, Tomas de, inquisitor-general. Torre Annunziata, town, Italy. Torre del Greco, town, Italy. Torrey, John, American botanist. Torricelli, Evangelista, Italian physicist and mathematician. Torrigiano, Pietro, Italian sculptor. Torshok, town, Russia. Tort, in law. Tortoise, reptile. Tortoiseshell. Tortola, island, West Indies. (See Virgin Islands.) Tortona, town, Italy. Tortosa, town, Spain. Torture, Legal aspects of. Tory Party, in England. (See Whig and Tory.) Totemism. Totila, Gothic king. (See Justinian and Narses.) Tottenham, suburb of London. Toucan, bird. Touch, Sense of. Toul, town, France. Toulon, town, France. Toulouse, town, France. Toung-ngu, district and town, Burmah. Tour, Maurice Quentin de la, French pastel painter. Touraco, bird. Tourcoing, town, France. Tourguenieff, Ivan, Russian novelist. Tourmaline, mineral. (See Electricity, Geology, and Mineralogy.) Tournai, town, Belgium. Tournaments, mediæval combats. Tournebout, musical instrument. Tournefort, Joseph Pitton de, French botanist. Tourneur, Cyril, English tragic poet. Tours, town, France. Toussaint Louverture, Pierre Dominique, Haytian liberator. Town, Towns. (See Borough, City, Municipality, and United States). Townshend, Second Viscount, English statesman. Townshend, Charles, English politician. Toxicology, branch of medicine. (See Poisons.) | Trachis, town, ancient Greece. Tract Societies. Traction, Electric. Tracy, Antoine Louis Claude Destutt, Comte de, French philosopher. Trade, Board of, English. Trade Marks. Trade Unions. Tragedy. (See Drama.) Trajan (Marcus Ulpius Traianus), Roman Emperor. Tralee, town, Ireland. Tramway. Trance. (See Sleep and Animal Magnetism.) Trani, town, Italy. Tranquebar, town, India. Transbaikalia, province, Siberia. Transcaspian Region, Russia. Transcaucasia, Russia. Transit Circle, astronomical instrument. Transmigration of Souls. (See Metempsychosis.) Transportation, of convicts. (See Prison Discipline.) Transubstantiation, Eucharistic doctrine. (See Eucharist.) Transvaal, country, South Africa. Transverse Flute. Transylvania, principality, Austria-Hungary. Trapani, town, Sicily. Trappists, monastic order. Tras-os-Montes, province, Portugal. Travancore, state, India. Trawling, mode of fishing. (See Fisheries.) Treason, in law. Treasure-Trove, Law relating to. Treaties, contracts between states. Trebizond, town, Turkey in Asia. Tredegar, town, England. Tree-Creeper, bird. Tree-Fern, plant. Tregelles, Samuel Prideaux, English New Testament scholar. Trematoda, division of worms. Trench, Richard Chenevix, archbishop of Dublin. Trenck, Austrian commander & German adventurer. Trendelenburg, Friedrich Adolf, German philosopher. Trent, town, Austria. Trent, Council of (1545–62). Trenton, town, New Jersey, U.S.A. Trepang, or Tripang, edible echinoderm. (See Bêche-de-Mer.) Trespass, in law. Treves, town, Rhenish Prussia. Treviranus, Gottfried Reinhold, German naturalist. Treviso, town, Italy. Trevithick, Richard, improver of steam-engine. Trial, in law. Tribonian, Roman jurist. Tribune, Roman public officer. Trichina, genus of nematode worms. (See Nematoidea and Parasitism.) Trichinopoli, district and town, India. Tric-Trac, game. (See Backgammon.) Tricycle. Trieste, town, Austria-Hungary. Trigger-Fish. (See File-Fish.) Trigonometry, in mathematics. Trilobite, crustacean (q.v.). Trincomalee, town, Ceylon. Trinidad, island, West Indies. Trinitarians, religious order. Trinity House, English corporation. Trinity Sunday. Tripoli, state, North Africa. Tripoli, town, North Africa. Tripoli, town, Syria. Tripolitza, town, Greece. Trismegistus, Hermes, of Egyptian mythology and Greek literature. (See Hermes Trismegistus.) Tristan, romance (q.v.). Tristan da Cunha, islands, South Atlantic. Triton, genus of reptiles. Triumph, Roman public honour. Trivandrum, town, India. Troad, district, Asia Minor. Troglodytes, ancient cave-dwellers. Trogon, bird. Trogus, Cnæus Pompeius, Roman historian. Troitsk, town, Russia. Trollope, Anthony, English novelist. Trombone, musical instrument. Tromp, Dutch admirals. Tromsö, town, Norway. Trondhjem (Throndhjem, q.v.), town, Norway. Tropic-Bird, bird. Troppau, town, Austria. Trotzendorff, Valentin Friedland, German teacher. Troubadours, mediæval minstrels. (See Provençal Literature and France.) Troughton, Edward, English instrument maker. Trout, fish. (See Salmonidæ and Angling.) Trouville, town, France. Trover, in law. Trowbridge, town, England. Troy, ancient town, Asia Minor. (See Troad.) Troy, town, New York, U.S.A. Troy, Jean François de, French painter. Troy, West, town, New York, U.S.A. (See West Troy.) Troyes, town, France. Troyes, Chrestien de, early French romancist. (See Chrestien de Troyes and Romance.) Truce of God. Truck System, of wages payments. (See Labour and Wages.) Truffle, edible fungus. Trumbull, distinguished American family. Trumpet, musical instrument. Trumpet, Speaking and Hearing. Trumpeter, or Trumpet-Bird. Truro, town, England. Trust, in law. Tsaritsyn, town, Russia. Tsarskoye Selo, town, Russia. Tschudi, Swiss family. Tse-nan Foo, town, China. Tsetse Fly, insect. Tuam, town, Ireland. Tuamotu Archipelago, group of coral islands, South Pacific. Tubercular Disease. (See Pathology and Phthisis). Tuberose, plant. Tübingen, town, Würtemberg. Tucker, Abraham, English moralist. Tucker, Josiah, dean of Gloucester, political economist. Tucson, town, Arizona, U.S.A. Tucuman, town, Argentine Republic. Tudela, town, Spain. Tudor, House of, English dynasty. (See Henry VII. and House of Lancaster.) Tuke, Samuel, English philanthropist. Tuke, William, English philanthropist. Tula, government, Russia. Tula, town, Russia. Tulip, plant. Tulle, town, France. Tulle, textile fabric. Tulloch, John, Scottish divine. Tullus Hostilius, king of Rome. Tumkur, district, India. Tumours. (See Pathology and Surgery.) Tumuli. (See Architecture and Barrows.) Tunbridge, town, England. Tunbridge Wells, town, England. Tung-Chow, town, China. Tungsten, chemical element. Tunguses, North Asiatic people. Tunicata, group of animals. Tuning Fork. Tunis, regency, North Africa. Tunis, town, North Africa. Tunnelling. Tunny, fish. Tunstall, town, England. Turanian, meaning of the word. Turbine, water-wheel. (See Hydromechanics.) Turbot, fish. Turenne, Vicomte de, French general. Turgai, province and town, Central Asia. Turgot, Anne Robert Jacques, Marquis de l’Aulne, French economist and statesman. Turin, town, Italy. Turkestan, East and West, Central Asia. Turkey. Turkey, bird. Turks, race of people. Turmeric, tuberous root. Turner, Charles, English engraver. Turner, Joseph Mallord William, English painter. Turnhout, town, Belgium. Turning Lathe. (See Lathe.) Turnips, agricultural root-crop. (See Agriculture and Horticulture.) Turnip Fly, or Turnip-Flea. Turnstone, bird. Turpentine, oleo-resin. Turpin, archbishop of Rheims, legendary chronicler. Turquoise, precious stone. Turretin, Genevan theologians (Benoît, François, and Jean Alphonse). Turtle, chelonian reptile. (See Tortoise.) Tuscany, territorial division, Italy. Tusculum, ancient town, Italy. Tusser, Thomas, English poet. Tver, government, Russia. Tver, town, Russia. Tweed, river, Scotland. Tweeds, variety of cloth. (See Woollen and Worsted Manufactures.) Twelve Tables, in Roman law. (See Roman Law and Rome.) Twenty-Four Parganas, district, Bengal, India. Twickenham, town, England. Twilight. Tycho Brahe, Danish astronomer. (See Brahe.) Tyldesley with Shakerley, town, England. Tyler, John, president of the United States. Tyndale, William, translator of English Bible. Tyne, river, England. Tynemouth, town, England. Type-Founding. (See Typography.) Type-Writing Machines. (See Writing Machines.) Typhon, of Greek mythology. Typhus Fever. Typography, or Printing. Tyr, Scandinavian diety. (See Æsir.) Tyre, town, Phœnicia. Tyrol, province, Austria. Tyrone, county, Ireland. Tyrtæus, Greek elegiac poet. Tytler, Scottish judge and historians. Tyumen, town, Siberia. Tzarskoye Selo (Tsarskoye Selo, q.v.), town, Siberia. Tzetzes, Joannes, Byzantine writer. | U, the twenty-first letter of the alphabet. Ubeda, town, Spain. Udaipur, state, India. Udal, kind of land tenure. Udall, Nicholas, English comedian. Udine, town, Italy Ueberweg, Friedrich, German philosopher. Ufa, government, Russia. Ufa, town, Russia. Uganda, country, Central Africa. Uglitch, town, Russia. Ugolino, Italian count. (See Gherardesca and Pisa.) Ugrians, Ural-Altaic people. (See Finland.) Uhland, Johann Ludwig, German poet. Ujiji, town, Central Africa. Ujjain, town, India. Ukraine, district, Russia. Ulcer, in pathology. (See Surgery.) Ulfilas, or Ulfila, bishop of the Goths. Ulm, town, Würtemberg. Ulpianus, Domitius (Ulpian), Roman jurist. Ulrici, Hermann, German philosopher. Ulster, province, Ireland (q.v.). Ultramarine, pigment. Ulugh Beg, Mirza Mohammed Ben Shah Rok, Persian astronomer. Ulverston, town, England. Ulwar (Alwar, q.v.), state, India. Ulysses (Odysseus, q.v.), in Greek legend. Uman, town, Russia. Umballa, or Umballah (Ambala, q.v.), division, district, and town, India. Umber, mineral and pigment (q.v.). Umbrella. Umbria, district, Italy. Ummerapoora (Amarapura, q.v.), town, Burmah. Unao, district, India. Undulatory Theory, of light. (See Optics and Wave Theory.) Ungvar, town, Hungary. Unicorn, fabulous animal. Unitarianism, religious system. Unitas Fratrum, or Moravian Brethren (q.v.). United Brethren in Christ, American sect. United Kingdom, The, of Great Britain and Ireland. United Presbyterian Church, in Scotland. United Provinces, of the Netherlands. (See Holland.) United States, of America. Allen, Ethan, American patriot. Andrew, John Albion, governor of Masschusetts. Arnold, Benedict, American adventurer. Arthur, Chester Alan, president of the United States. Bell, John, American politican. Benton, Thomas Hart, American politician. Boone, Daniel, American pioneer. Bragg, Braxton, American general. Breckinridge, John Cabell, American politician. Buckingham, William Alfred, governor of Connecticut, U.S.A. Burnside, Ambrose Everett, American general. Burr, Aaron, vice-president of the United States. Colfax, Schuyler, vice-president of the United States. Crawford, William Harris, American statesman. Garfield, James Abram, president of the United States. Grant, Ulysses S., general and president of the United States. Hancock, Winfield Scott, American general. Hendricks, Thomas A., vice-president of the United States. Hood, John Bell, American general. Hull, Isaac, American naval officer. Knox, Henry, American Revolutionary general. Lawrence, James, American naval officer. M‘Clellan, George B., American general. Marcy, William L., American politician. Mason, George, Ameican politician. Meade, George G., American general. Montgomery, Richard, American revolutionary general. Morgan, Edwin D., American politician. Morton, Oliver P., American politician. Pinckney, Charles, American statesman. Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth, American statesman. Pulaski, or Pulawski, Casimir, Polish patriot. Putnam, Israel, American revolutionary officer. Schuyler, Philip, American revolutionary general. Seymour, Horatio, American politician. Steuben, Baron von, German-American general. Sumter, Thomas, American politician. Taney, Roger B., American judge and financier. Thomas, George H., American general. Wheeler, William A., vice-president of the United States. Woodbury, Levi, American politician and judge. Universalist Church. Universities. Unterwalden, canton, Switzerland. Unyoro, kingdom, Central Africa. Upanishads, Hindu philosophical writings. (See Sanskrit and Brahmanism.) Upas, fabled poison tree. Upper Sind Frontier, district, British India. Upsala, town, Sweden. |