OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of the Swatow dialect/piang
### piangpiang

* 批piang679644
* To cuff, to slap.

#### piang i kâi kih-kau;

    slapped her on the cheek.
* 拍piàng711645
* To slap; to pound; to rap.

#### khì kàu pìang chn̂g pìang íⁿ;

    so angry that he pounded the tables and chairs.

#### hía chn̂g pìang kàu lîh;

    pounded the table till it split.

#### kuaⁿ thiaⁿ tîeh, kâi pău li-li pìang, tó̤ hàm nâng phah i;

    when the magistrate heard it he kept rapping with his mace, and calling some one to beat her.
# Dictionary of the Swatow dialect/phui
### phuiphui

* 唾phùi913308
* To spit.

#### phùi nŭaⁿ;

    to expectorate.

#### phùi thâm, phùi hueh;

    to spit up phlegm or blood.

#### thâm-nŭaⁿ màiⁿ phùi cêk koiⁿ;

    do not spit over everything.

#### i kâi thâm phùi chut lâi tòa hueh tíam;

    there are specks of blood in the phlegm which he raises.

#### phùi-phùi-kìe;

    keeps spitting. ​
* 屁phùi681444

#### pàng phùi;

    to break wind.
# Dictionary of the Swatow dialect/piaⁿ
### piaⁿpiaⁿ

* 兵piaⁿ698125
* A soldier; troops; a force; an army; military; warlike.

#### piaⁿ teng;

    soldiers.

#### piaⁿ cìang;

    army leaders.

#### khí piaⁿ;

    raise troops.

#### thîo piaⁿ;

    to station troops.

#### ceng piaⁿ;

    disciplined troops.

#### hôk piaⁿ;

    troops in ambush.

#### tăi piaⁿ;

    the main body of the army.

#### bé-piaⁿ;

    cavalry.

#### pō-piaⁿ;

    infantry.

#### cìen piaⁿ;

    the engaged forces.

#### kìu piaⁿ;

    a force sent to succor.

#### tíam piaⁿ;

    to call the roll; mustering.

#### chau-līen piaⁿ-bé;

    to exercise or drill troops; a disciplined force.
* 冰piaⁿ698851
* Ice; icy; crystallized.

#### piaⁿ sng;

    ice and frost.

#### piaⁿ sng cúi;

    ice-water.

#### cúi kit sêng piaⁿ;

    water freezes and forms ice.

#### piaⁿ îeⁿ khṳ̀;

    the ice has melted.

#### piaⁿ-thn̂g;

    rock candy.

#### pŏ̤-hò̤ piaⁿ;

    crystallized peppermint essence.
* 餅píaⁿ6991846
* Cake; biscuit; dumplings.

#### píaⁿ kuaⁿ;

    dry biscuits.

#### guêh píaⁿ;

    cakes made at the full of the eighth moon and used in worshipping it.

#### so-píaⁿ;

    crisp cakes.

#### píaⁿ phûe, píaⁿ āⁿ;

    the pastry and the filling of a dumpling.

#### gû-ni-píaⁿ;

    cheese.

#### sie píaⁿ;

    to bake cakes.

#### pūe píaⁿ;

    to bake cakes in a pan over the fire.
* 丙píaⁿ69914
* The third of the ten stems.

#### píaⁿ teng sok húe;

    the third and fourth of the ten stems belong to fire.

#### cŏ̤ jîm hìang píaⁿ;

    facing due south.
* 併pìaⁿ70098
* To reduce to uniformity; to expose; to endanger; to pour together.

#### pìaⁿ mīaⁿ cò̤;

    act without regard to his life.

#### i pìaⁿ căi;

    he is very reckless.

#### nŏ̤ úaⁿ pìaⁿ cò̤ cêk úaⁿ;

    put what is in the two bowls into one.

#### nŏ̤ saⁿ khí ùaⁿ-kĭaⁿ pìaⁿ cò̤ cêk khí;

    reduce two or three cases at law to a single case.

#### màiⁿ pìaⁿ sua-îa;

    do not spill it in turning it out.

#### pìaⁿ cò̤ cêk ē;

    turn them all into one lot.

#### sì pau, pìaⁿ cò̤ cêk pau;

    put the four bundles into one.

#### sie pìaⁿ;

    join in one.

#### pìaⁿ thóiⁿ tī-tîang méⁿ;

    see who will be quickest.
* 並pìaⁿ70017

#### thun-pìaⁿ;

    to swallow up; to devour.

#### tōa hieⁿ thun-pìaⁿ síe hieⁿ, tōa kok thun-pìaⁿ síe kok;

    large towns swallow up small ones, and great nations swallow up lesser ones.

#### jī ke sie thun-piaⁿ;

    the two devour each other.
* 述pîaⁿ7791625
* To repeat what one has heard.

#### úa pîaⁿ lṳ́ thiaⁿ;

    I will narrate it to you as I heard it.

#### jī mó̤ chîa, ūe mó̤ pîaⁿ;

    letters should not be rubbed out and written in again on the same paper, and words should not be repeated from hearsay.

#### i cò̤-nî tàⁿ, lṳ́ pîaⁿ úa thiaⁿ; ​

    repeat his words to me as nearly as you can.

#### cêk kù cêk kù pîaⁿ mēng-pêh;

    state it plainly word for word.

#### cē píaⁿ cū bô̤ saⁿ sîaⁿ;

    in relating it he told less than three tenths of the story.
# Dictionary of the Swatow dialect/pie
### piepie

* 標pie6817511
* A banner; a flag or streamer used as a marking-flag; a ticket or card.

#### chah ki pie;

    insert a flag as a mark.

#### i tó̤ khîa tōa pie;

    he is carrying the chief flag.

#### cêng sàng pie a būe?;

    Have banners been presented yet?

#### kin-nî sĭ úa kâi cío khìa cong-chun-pie;

    this year it was my quail that was the champion.

#### kìm phah pie kâi sṳ̄;

    forbid the sale of lottery tickets.

#### pêh-kap pie;

    Cantonese lottery tickets.

#### lṳ̆-sòng pie;

    Manilla lottery tickets.

#### tô̤h pie;

    get the highest prize.

#### chíeⁿ pie;

    snatch the prize; emulate.

#### chíaⁿ nâng lâi pie hŭe;

    ask people to form a loan-association.

#### cí kâi gûeh kâi hŭe khṳt tī-tîang pie tîeh?;

    Which member of the loan association has this month bid highest for the sum of the loans?
* 臕pie68213015
* Corpulent; fat; stout.

#### i cí hûe pie căi;

    he is now very stout.

#### tăi tó̤ pie kâi sî-hāu;

    is growing fat.

#### pêh phìen pie-nêk;

    sliced fat meat.

#### cang-pie-lâ;

    layers of fat in meat.
* 表pie6821453

#### sî-pie;

    a watch.

#### sî-pie m̄ kîaⁿ;

    this watch does not run.

#### sî-pie thêng khṳ̀;

    the watch bas stopped.

#### bé-pie;

    a hunting watch.

#### kim-khak kâi sî-pie;

    a watch with a gold case.

#### sî-pie līen;

    watch-chain.

#### sî-pie cam;

    the hands of a watch.

#### sî-pie kâi ke-sāi;

    the machinery of a watch.

#### cí kâi sî-pie kâi huap-tîo sĭ tn̆g khṳ̀;

    the main spring of this watch is broken.

#### sî-pie thàu;

    a watch stand.

#### ká sì-pie;

    wind a watch.

#### sî-pie kâi só̤-sî;

    watch-key.
* 鏢pie68316711
* A sharp pointed spear; to spear.

#### níoⁿ-chṳ́ pie;

    a spear for spearing rats.

#### pie níoⁿ-chṳ́;

    to spear rats.

#### khṳt i ēng hûe-bé-pie, pie sí khṳ̀;

    was killed by a backward thrust of his spear.
* 表píe6821453
* A statement presented to the emperor; exterior; outer.

#### píe-chin;

    relatives of a different surname.

#### píe hiaⁿ-tĭ;

    second cousins.

#### lău píe chin;

    a second or third cousin.

#### ko-píe hiaⁿ-tĭ;

    father's sister's ​
    son.

#### i-píe hiaⁿ-tĭ;

    mother's sister's son.

#### i sĭ úa kâi î-píe cí-mūeⁿ;

    she is my mother's sister's daughter.

#### i cha-m̄-to̤ àiⁿ cĭeⁿ píe;

    he is about to send up his memorial; is about to die.
* 裱pìe6821458
* To mount maps or scrolls; to line with paper or cloth.

#### chîeⁿ pìe cúa;

    the wall is papered.

#### pìe jī-ūe;

    to mount a scroll.
* 漂pìe6838511
* To bleach; to whiten.

#### pìe pò;

    to bleach cotton cloth.

#### pìe pêh kâi pò;

    bleached cloth.

#### pìe sói;

    wash and bleach.

#### pìe kàu nĕ pêh-pêh;

    bleached to an exceeding whiteness.
# Dictionary of the Swatow dialect/phun
### phunphun

* 奔phun655876
* To run about in confusion; to be busy with; to fag at.

#### phun cáu;

    scamper away.

#### i khṳ̀ phun sng;

    he has gone home to bury a parent.

#### phun-po̤ lâu-lok;

    toiling and moiling.
* 𠟈phún6861812
* To cleave; to cut with a heavy downward stroke.

#### to̤ phún tîeh i kâi koiⁿ-thâu;

    the knife cleft his shoulder.

#### khṳt i cêk ē phún cò̤ nŏ̤ kûeh;

    it was cleft in two by him at one stroke.
* 洒phùn731856
* To splash; to sprinkle in large drops or handfuls.

#### phùn cho̤h cúi lo̤h khṳ̀;

    dash some water on it.

#### m̄ cai phùn cúi cū khah kang-ta;

    if you do not sprinkle it with water it will become too dry.
* 濺phùn9798515
* To spatter.

#### phùn cêk sin cúi;

    spattered all over with water.

#### phùn kàu cĕng-cĕng thô;

    spattered all over with mud.

#### màiⁿ khṳt i phùn tîeh hueh;

    do not get spattered with the blood.
* 盆phûn6561084
* A basin; a bowl.

#### mīn-phûn;

    a wash-basin.

#### tâu-phûn;

    a porcelain dice-bowl.

#### lîm phûn kâi sî-hāu câi-bó̤ ciaⁿ lâi;

    the midwife came just as the pains of travail began.
* 墳phûn1303212
* A grave.

#### phûn-mŏ̤ⁿ;

    graves.

#### cêk kháu phûn;

    a grave.

#### phûn tī;

    a burying ground.

#### khṳ̀ phûn tèng pài;

    go to worship at the graves.

#### phûn tîaⁿ;

    the flat area before a grave.

#### phûn chíu;

    the projecting sides of a grave.

#### phûn sin; phûn tu;

    the grave mound.

#### phûn búe;

    the end of a grave opposite the stone.

#### phûn thâu;

    that end of a grave at which the stone is placed.

#### phûn bâi;

    the arch above the head-stone.

#### phûn kâi ŵn bú;

    the horse-shoe shaped slope behind a grave.

#### cĭeⁿ phûn kùe cúa;

    offer spirit-money at a grave.

#### cì-sàu phûn-mŏ̤ⁿ;

    to perform the annual duties to a grave.

#### ún cí kháu cò phûn ēng ŭ cí piⁿ kâi nâng tŏ̤ thóiⁿ-síu;

    this ancestral grave must be taken care of by those who live near here.

#### cng phûn piⁿ jī;

    to color the letters on a gravestone.

#### phûn-cǹg tŏ̤ tī kò̤?

    Where is the burial place?

#### phûn piⁿ cîeh;

    the grave stone.

#### cí kháu phûn sĭ ìm kâi;

    this grave has no body in it.

#### cí kháu phûn kih ŭ kâi tûn;

    this grave has a terrace built up before it.

#### thau líu phûn;

    a robber of graves.

#### lṳ́ sĭ phûn kò̤ hùe!;

    You are a savage!

#### khṳ̀ phûn tèng chūe!;

    Why go there to look for it!
# Dictionary of the Swatow dialect/piah
### piahpiah

* 壁piah6913213
* A partition wall; the wall of a house; a screen; a defense or obstruction; a dividing cliff or water-shed.

#### pàng tŏ̤ piah kha piⁿ;

    set it down close to the wall.

#### tah piah teng;

    a wall lamp.

#### ceng kò̤ cìe-piah;

    make a wall that will be a screen.

#### sì-chù cŭang tîeh, to sĭ̆ tâng-chîeⁿ thih-piah;

    no opening for exit in any direction.

#### kĭa kùe piah;

    steeper than a wall.

#### peh tŏ̤ kò̤ cîeh-piah téng;

    has climbed up on the stone wall.

#### sì piah sio jîen;

    reduced to four bare walls; very poor indeed.

#### sie keh piah;

    living on opposite sides of the same wall; only a wall between.

#### keh piah phò;

    adjoining shops.

#### keh piah chîeⁿ;

    a dividing wall.

#### keh cêk têng piah tīaⁿ-tīaⁿ;

    separated only by a wall.
* 璧piah6919613
* A princely gem, an ancient jade badge of office, made with a round hole in it, and held in the hands at court; to decline.

#### ngŵn piah kui tĭe;

    the original gem will be returned; the debt will be repaid.

#### ngŵn mûeh piah sīa;

    return the gift as a present to the donor.

#### piah hûe khṳ̀ hâiⁿ i;

    send it back to him.

#### siu to̤h-teng âng-cek, ṳ̂ tien piah sīa;

    return with thanks to the donor all the valuables except the table-lamp and red candles.
# Dictionary of the Swatow dialect/piak
### piakpiak

* 拍piak711645
* To throb; to beat.

#### kiaⁿ kàu i sim-kuaⁿ-thân piak-piak-tōaⁿ;

    so frightened that his heart throbbed violently.

#### úa mông thóiⁿ lṳ́ kâi sim-kuaⁿ-thâu ŏi piak-piak-phah a bŏi;

    I will lay my hand on your heart and see whether it beats violently.

#### khṳt ngio kiaⁿ kàu sim-kuaⁿ piak-cē-cĭeⁿ piak-cē-lô̤h;

    was so startled by the cat that my heart nearly jumped out of my mouth.
* 弄pîak569554
* To manipulate; to work at.

#### táng i ka-kī khṳ̀ pîak;

    wait till he himself goes and sets it to rights.

#### úa kio lṳ́ pîak cū hó̤;

    I will set it up for yon.

#### úa pa-pîak ŭ pùaⁿ mêⁿ kú, hŵn-lío pa-pîak būe hó̤;

    I worked at it half the night and have not yet got it in order.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1927 supplement/Campbell, John Douglas Sutherland

​CAMPBELL, JOHN DOUGLAS SUTHERLAND, ninth Duke of Argyll (1845-1914), governor-general of Canada, was the eldest son of George Douglas, the eighth Duke, by his wife, Lady Elizabeth Georgiana Sutherland Leveson-Gower, eldest daughter of the second Duke of Sutherland. He was born at Stafford House, London, 6 August 1845, and educated at the Edinburgh Academy, Eton, St. Andrews, and Trinity College, Cambridge. As Marquess of Lorne he entered parliament in 1868, the liberal member for Argyllshire, and for three years was private secretary to his father, then secretary of state for India. In 1871 he married Princess Louise, fourth daughter of Queen Victoria. In 1878 he was appointed governor-general of Canada. His period of office was uneventful, his chief constitutional problem arising soon after his arrival in Canada. Mr. Luc Letellier, lieutenant-governor of Quebec, had dismissed a provincial conservative government on grounds thought inadequate by the Dominion conservative ministry, and Sir John Macdonald, the prime minister, recommended Letellier’s removal. Lord Lorne showed reluctance, and on Macdonald’s advice consulted the Colonial Office; he was instructed to act on the opinion of his constitutional advisers. Relations between the governor and prime minister were cordial, Macdonald writing, ‘Lord Lorne is a right good fellow, and a good Canadian’. He was conscientious, interested in the country and a fair speaker, but did not show a strong personality.
​In 1883 Lord Lorne returned to England, contested Hampstead unsuccessfully at the next general election, and followed his father out of the liberal party on the question of Home Rule. His intimacy with the court and his friendship with Macdonald in Canada had prepared the way for such a change. In 1892 he contested an election at Bradford; in 1895 he became unionist member for South Manchester. He succeeded to the dukedom of Argyll in April 1900. In April 1914 he developed double pneumonia while in the Isle of Wight, and died on 2 May, leaving no issue. He was succeeded in the title by his nephew, Niall Diarmid Campbell, grandson of the eighth Duke.
The Duke of Argyll’s interests were less of a political than of a dilettante literary character. He seldom spoke in parliament, and never held ministerial office. Possibly his relation with the Crown made a party career difficult. After 1883 he continued to take an interest in Canadian affairs, especially in immigration, and wrote several books about Canada and a pamphlet advocating imperial federation. He also published fiction, volumes of verse, a life of Palmerston, and two volumes of reminiscences.
[Writings, especially Passages from the Past, 1907; S. Lee, Queen Victoria, 1902; J. S. Willison, Sir Wilfrid Laurier and the Liberal Party, 1908; O. D. Skelton, Life and Times of Sir A. T. Galt, 1920; J. Pope, Memoirs of Sir John Macdonald, 1894, and Correspondence of Sir John Macdonald, 1921. Portrait, Royal Academy Pictures, 1906.]
E. M. W-g.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1927 supplement/Carlisle, Countess of

​CARLISLE, Countess of (1845~1921), promoter of women’s political rights and of temperance reform. [See Howard, Rosalind Frances.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Shaw, Duncan

​SHAW, DUNCAN (1725–1795), Scottish divine, son of Lachlan Shaw [q. v.], minister of the parish church, Elgin, was born at Cawdor in 1725. He was educated at the Elgin Academy, and afterwards at King's College, Aberdeen, where he graduated in 1747. Continuing his theological studies, under a bursary won at Aberdeen, he went to Edinburgh University in 1749, and was licensed to preach three years later. In 1753 he was appointed minister to the parish of Rafford, Elginshire. There he remained for thirty years, until, in November 1783, he went to Aberdeen, as third of the ministers attached to the parish church. He filled this place until his death, on 23 June 1795. In 1774 Marischal College, Aberdeen, conferred upon him the title of doctor of divinity, and in 1786 the general assembly of the church elected him moderator. He married, in 1754, Jean, daughter of George Gordon, minister of Alves, Elgin, and she survived him one year. By her he had three sons and four daughters.
Shaw was ‘a sensible and learned man’ (Nichols, Lit. Illustr. iv. 823), and it was largely owing to his interest that Alexander Adam [q. v.] was able to rise from a Rafford croft to the rectorship of the high school, Edinburgh. His learning was in historical theology, and his chief works were: 1. ‘A Comparative View of the Several Methods of promoting Religious Instruction, from the earliest down to the Present Time,’ London, 1776, 2 vols. 2. ‘The Philosophy and History of Judaism,’ Edinburgh, 1787, a defence of the Mosaic system against Hume. 3. ‘The Centurion,’ Edinburgh, 1793.
[Hew Scott's Fasti, iii. 187, 472; New Statistical Account (Elginshire), p. 245; Stevens's Hist. of the High School of Edinburgh, p. 109.]
J. R. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Shaw, Henry

​SHAW, HENRY (1800–1873), architectural draughtsman, engraver, illuminator, and antiquary, was born in London on 4 July 1800. Having early developed a talent for drawing, he was employed by John Britton ​to assist him in his ‘Cathedral Antiquities of England,’ and supplied most of the illustrations of Wells Cathedral and many of that of Gloucester. In 1823 he published ‘A Series of Details of Gothic Architecture,’ and in 1829, with plates drawn and engraved by himself, ‘The History and Antiquities of the Chapel at Luton Park,’ an exquisite specimen of the most florid style of Gothic architecture, destroyed by fire in 1843. These were followed by other antiquarian works of great interest, such as ‘Illuminated Ornaments of the Middle Ages, selected from Manuscripts and early printed Books,’ with descriptive text by Sir Frederic Madden, 1833; ‘Examples of Ornamental Metal Work,’ 1836; ‘Specimens of Ancient Furniture,’ with descriptions by Sir Samuel Rush Meyrick [q. v.], 1836; ‘Ancient Plate and Furniture from the Colleges of Oxford and the Ashmolean Museum,’ also with descriptive text by Sir S. R. Meyrick, 1837; ‘Specimens of the Details of Elizabethan Architecture,’ with descriptions by Thomas Moule, 1839; ‘The Encyclopædia of Ornament,’ 1842; ‘Dresses and Decorations of the Middle Ages,’ 1843; ‘The Fishmongers' Pageant, on Lord Mayor's Day, 1616: Chrysanaleia, the Golden Fishing, devised by Anthony Munday,’ with introduction by John Gough Nichols, 1844; ‘Alphabets, Numerals, and Devices of the Middle Ages,’ 1845; ‘Decorative Arts, ecclesiastical and civil, of the Middle Ages,’ 1851; ‘The Hand Book of Mediæval Alphabets and Devices,’ 1853; ‘The Arms of the Colleges of Oxford,’ 1855; ‘Specimens of Tile Pavements,’ 1858; and ‘Handbook of the Art of Illumination as practised during the Middle Ages,’ 1866. Most of these are rendered of permanent value by the knowledge and taste displayed in the selection of the examples by which they are illustrated, and by the careful drawing and colouring of the plates.
Shaw was elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries in 1833, and contributed a few papers to its ‘Proceedings,’ of which the most important was an ‘Account of the Remains of a Tile Pavement recently found within the precincts of Chertsey Abbey, Surrey’ (Proceedings, 1856, iii. 269–77). He edited in 1848 a reproduction of Walter Gidde's ‘Booke of sundry Draughtes principally seruing for Glaziers, and not impertinent for Plasterers and Gardeners,’ originally published in 1615. He also designed or adapted, and drew on the wood, the initial letters and all the decorative portions of Longman's edition of the New Testament, published in 1864. He likewise executed some excellent work in the form of illuminated addresses and testimonials.
Shaw died at Broxbourne, Hertfordshire, on 12 June 1873. His copy of ‘Illuminated Ornaments,’ highly finished by his own hand, is in the library of the British Museum.
R. E. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Shaw, James

​SHAW, Sir JAMES (1764–1843), lord mayor of London, son of John Shaw, an Ayrshire farmer, whose ancestors had occupied the property of Mosshead for three centuries, and of Helen, daughter of David Sellars of the Mains, Craigie, Ayrshire, was born at Mosshead in the parish of Riccarton in 1764. On his father's death, about five years later, the family moved to Kilmarnock, where James Shaw was educated at the grammar school. When seventeen years old he went to America to join his brother David, who held a position in the commissariat service, and by his interest was placed in the commercial house of Messrs. George and Samuel Douglass at New York. Three years later he returned to Britain, and was made a junior member of the firm in London. In 1798 he was elected alderman for the ward of Portsoken, in 1803 became sheriff of London and Middlesex, and in 1805 was chosen lord mayor. He distinguished himself in this office by reviving the right of the city to precedence on public occasions, and exercised his privilege at the funeral of Lord Nelson, when many of the royal family took part in the procession.
From 1806 to 1818 Shaw sat in parliament as member for the city of London as an independent tory (Official Returns of Members of Parliament, ii. 233, 247, 261). Having been created a baronet in September 1809, Sir James continued an alderman till 1831, when he was elected chamberlain of London. In this position he was threatened with a serious misfortune. He inadvertently invested 40,000l. held by him as banker to the corporation in the spurious exchequer bills with which the market at that time was flooded. On discovering his error he made immediate preparations to sacrifice almost his entire private fortune to make good the loss. A government commission, however, completely exonerated him, and he was repaid the full amount. In May 1843 he resigned the office of chamberlain, and on 22 Oct. of the same year he died, unmarried, at his house in America Square.
Sir James was peculiarly zealous in aiding his fellow-countrymen. Among other kindnesses he succeeded in procuring a provision for the widow of Robert Burns and commissions for her sons. In 1848 a statue ​of him, by Fillans, was erected at the Kilmarnock Cross. A portrait also, by James Tannock, was presented to the borough.
The baronetcy, by a special patent granted in 1813, descended to his sister's son, John MacGee, who took the name of Shaw. On his death, without issue, in November 1868, it became extinct.
E. I. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Rigge, Robert

​RIGGE, ROBERT (d. 1410), chancellor of the university of Oxford. [See Rygge.]