OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Insiegel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Insiegel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Insiegel, n., ‘seal,’ from the equiv. MidHG. insigel, insigele, OHG. insigili, n.; corresponding to AS. insegele, OIc. innsigle, with the same sense. See Siegel for the curious history of the cognates.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Itzig

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Itzig | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Itzig, Jew.-G. from Hebr. Jizchâck, ‘Isaac.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Isop

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Isop | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Isop, m., ‘hyssop,’ from the equiv. early MidHG. isôpe (îsǒpe, ispe); derived like Ital. isópo from Lat. hysôpum, late Gr. ὕτσωπος, which is of Oriental origin.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/J

* A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - Z
* ja
* jach
* Jacht
* Jacke
* Jagd
* Jäger
* jäh
* Jahn
* Jahr
* Jammer
* Jänner
* jappen
* jäten
* Jauche
* Jauchert
* jauchzen
* je
* jeder
* jeglich
* jemand
* jener
* jenseits
* jetzt
* Joch
* Joppe
* jubeln
* Juchert
* juchzen
* jucken
* Juks
* Jugend
* jung
* Jüngling
* Jünger
* Jungfer
* jüngst
* Jux
# American Medical Biographies/Pollak, Simon

Simon Pollak, in multiple sources including his autobiography, is noted to have been born April 14 or 16, 1814, not 1816 as noted here.
​Pollak, Simon (1816–1903)
Simon Pollak was born near Prague, Bohemia, April 14, 1816, and received his M. D. there in 1835, and certificates for surgery and obstetrics in Vienna, 1836. Arriving in New York in 1838, he spent a short time in New Orleans and in other southern towns, and in March, 1845, settled in St. Louis, Missouri, where he was one of the founders of the Missouri Institute for the Blind in 1850. In 1859 he went to Europe and spent almost two years in study in Paris, Vienna, Berlin, and London, returning to St. Louis in 1861. On account of the Civil War he removed to New ​York and aided in the founding of the United States Sanitary Commission. On behalf of this society he returned to St. Louis, where he joined the Western Sanitary Commission. About this time he organized the first eye and ear clinic west of the Mississippi, in St. Louis. He invented a scleral puncture in painful glaucomatous eyes that, being properly performed, saved many a disfiguring enucleation. In 1863 he was appointed general hospital inspector United States Sanitary Commission at a salary of two hundred and fifty dollars a month, a position he accepted, but declined the salary.
He married in 1863 a daughter of Samuel Perry, of Cincinnati, and had two sons.
One of the early members of the American Ophthalmological Society, he was known as a prominent oculist and teacher, active and very popular throughout his unusually long life. At his last birthday his friends and colleagues tendered him a great ovation at a dinner.
He died October 31, 1903.
# American Medical Biographies/Pomeroy, Charles G.

​Pomeroy, Charles G. (1817–1887)
Charles G. Pomeroy, one of the founders of the New York State Medical Society, was born in Madison County, February 22, 1817.
Shortly after his birth his parents took him to Ontario County, where they settled on a farm, near the village of Canandaigua.
In this village and in Rochester, young Pomeroy attended school until he was seventeen, then studied under Dr. Post. Four years later the censors of Ontario Medical Society granted him a license to practise, then followed a few months' experience in Monroe County, before forming a partnership with Dr. Alexander McIntyre, of Palmyra. Dr. Pomeroy again changed his home to practise for eight years in Fairville; then moved to Newark, Wayne County, New York, where he founded the State Medical Society and was an organizer of the Wayne County Medical Society and many times elected as its president. He was also president of the Medical Association of Central New York. As governor, trustee and resident physician of the New York State Custodial Asylum for Feeble-minded Women Dr. Pomeroy worked until his impaired health obliged him to resign.
He married twice. His first wife dying in early life, he married a second time in 1850.
Dr. Pomeroy died of granular disease of the kidneys with cardiac complications, in Newark, December 14, 1887.
# American Medical Biographies/Pope, John Hunter

​Pope, John Hunter (1845–1915)
John Hunter Pope, physician and public health officer, was born in Washington, Wilkes County, Georgia, February 12, 1845. His father, Alexander Pope, a prominent lawyer, was a friend of Alexander Stephens, and his mother was Sallie Willie. An uncle was Chief Justice James Willie, of the Supreme Court of Texas. In 1858 young Pope with his parents moved to Marshall, Texas. When eighteen he enlisted in the Confederate Army and fought until the close of the War, being wounded at the Battle of Chickamauga. He entered the University of Virginia and graduated M. D. in 1868; in 1869 he received the same degree from the University of Louisiana.
Dr. Pope settled at Milford, Ellis County, Texas, and practised until 1871 when he returned to Marshall and formed a partnership with B. F. Eads. In 1879 he was elected president of the State Medical Association, and was a member of the National Board of Health. After spending two years in Mexico for his health he established a sanatorium for the treatment of nervous diseases at Lithia Springs, Georgia; in 1892 he opened a similar institution at Marshall, but his health failing this was relinquished in 1896.
Among his writings were: the "History of the Yellow Fever Epidemic at Marshall, Texas" (1873); "Report of Climatology and Epidemics of Texas" (1874); "Report on the Science and Progress of Medicine" (1875); and "The Menace of Mexico to the Public Health of the United States."
Dr. Pope was twice married, first, 1872, to Hattie J., daughter of Dr. James F. Starr, former treasurer of the Republic of Texas; she died in less than a year. His second wife died in 1890 and a young son died soon after.
His own death occurred as a result of pneumonia at Marshall, September 20, 1915.
Two brothers were physicians, Irvin Pope, ​of Tyler, who survived him, and Asa Pope of Marshall. Three other brothers were lawyers: Judge W. H. Pope, Judge James W. Pope, and Alexander Pope, who died in 1913, 1911, and 1899 respectively.
# American Medical Biographies/Pinckney, Ninian

​Pinckney, Ninian (1811–1877)
Ninian Pinckney, surgeon, United States Navy, graduated from St. John's College in 1830, and began to study medicine with Dr. Edward Sparks. In 1833 he graduated from the Jefferson Medical College, Pennsylvania, and the following year entered the United States Navy as assistant surgeon and continued on active duty until retired as medical director with rank of commodore in 1873. In 1848 he received the vote of thanks of the General Assembly of Maryland, for gallant and meritorious services in the Mexican War. He prepared and delivered a series of lectures, some of which were published. Among the best are: "On the Nerves of the Brain and Organs of Sense" (1839); "Life and Character of Admiral Collingwood" (1848); "A Treatise on Asiatic Cholera" (1849); "Home and Foreign Policy of the Government of the United States" (1854). In the same year he also delivered the commencement oration at St. John's College, and made the presentation address at the Naval Academy on the occasion of Commodore Perry's presenting the flag that had been raised on the soil of Japan. Surg. Pinckney was persistent in his advocacy for increased and definite rank for the medical officers in the Navy, and, in 1870, was chairman of a delegation which proposed the medical staff rank and grade for the United States Navy which later, after slight modifications, became the law. He died at his home near Easton, Maryland, in 1877, leaving his widow and a daughter.
# American Medical Biographies/Pope, Charles Alexander

​Pope, Charles Alexander (1818–1870)
Charles A. Pope, surgeon of St. Louis, was born in Huntsville, Alabama, March 15, 1818. He was educated at Greene Academy, in his native town and at the University of Alabama, then beginning the study of law. Finding that the sedentary life of a lawyer did not suit his delicate constitution he began the study of medicine under Dr. Fearn and Dr. Erskine of Huntsville. After attending lectures at the Cincinnati Medical College under Dr. Drake, he enrolled as a student in the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania and received his degree in medicine from that institution in 1839, his thesis being "Pathology of the Arteries."
Dr. Pope went abroad and spent nearly two years, studying surgery in Paris, settling in St. Louis, Missouri, January 1, 1842. The following year he was chosen professor of anatomy and physiology in the medical department of St. Louis University. In 1841 he again visited Europe and sent from there communications to the St. Louis Medical and Surgical Journal. In 1847 he was transferred to the chair of surgery and the next year was dean of the faculty. He was visiting surgeon to the St. Louis Hospital and to the City Hospital and devoted himself exclusively to teaching and to the practice of surgery. His devotion to St. Louis University did much to build up the medical department. He had a gift of rapid, clear and concise delivery as a lecturer and left a deep impression on the minds of the students of the Mississippi Valley. His writings were not numerous, there being only seven in the catalogue of the Surgeon General's Library, his reputation resting rather on his work as a skilful surgeon and a teacher. In 1853 he was president of the American Medical Association. He died in Paris, Missouri, July 6, 1870.
# American Medical Biographies/Piper, Richard Upton

​Piper, Richard Upton (1816–1897)
Richard Upton Piper, physician and artist, of Portland, Maine, Boston and Chicago, was born April 3, 1816, in Stratham, New Hampshire. He graduated in medicine at Dartmouth Medical School in 1840 and was a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society from 1843 to 1876, living in Boston. Then he went to Chicago, where he practised medicine. He was the author of the following works: "Operative Surgery," illustrated with about 2,000 drawings by himself (Boston, 1852); "Trees of America" (1857); and he drew illustrations for Maclise's Surgical Anatomy. He wrote a "Report on Diseased Milk and the Flesh of Animals Used for Human Food" (Chicago, 1879), and contributed to The New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal and the New York Evening Post. He was said to have "the eye of an artist, the hand of a draughtsman and the spirit of an enthusiast."
He died in Newport, Maine, August, 1897.
# American Medical Biographies/Plant, William Tomlinson

​Plant, William Tomlinson (1836–1898)
William Tomlinson Plant, a medico-legal expert, was born at Marcellus, New York, July 27, 1836, of English ancestry, taking his medical degree at the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, in 1860.
At first he settled at Ithaca, New York, later, however, he removed to Susquehanna, Pennsylvania, and, in 1861, joined the United States Navy, holding the positions of assistant and past-assistant surgeon. Resigning in 1865, he settled in Syracuse.
In 1866 he married Frances C. Walrath, of Chittenango, New York.
For some years he was professor of clinical medicine and medical jurisprudence in the medical department of the Syracuse University and wrote repeatedly on medico-legal topics, some of his work possessing enduring value. He was the author of a "Succinct History of Medicine of the Last Century."
# American Medical Biographies/Pomeroy, Oren Day

​Pomeroy, Oren Day (1834–1902)
Oren Day Pomeroy, otologist and ophthalmologist of New York, was born in Somers, Connecticut, October 11, 1834, and died of apoplexy at Whitestone, Long Island, March 19, 1902. He was educated at a boarding-school in Ballston, New York, at the high school in Somers, Connecticut, and at Monson Academy, Massachusetts; he studied medicine at the Berkshire Medical Institution, Pittsfield, the University of the City of New York and at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, where he took his M. D. in 1860. Settling in practice in New York he devoted himself to diseases of the eye and ear; through Dr. C. R. Agnew (q. v.) he was appointed assistant and chief of clinic of the eye and ear department in his alma mater at the organization of the department in 1866; he was assistant surgeon in the Manhattan Eye and Ear Hospital from its foundation until 1873, when he was elected a surgeon and director, holding the positions until his death. Other positions he occupied were: consulting ​physician to the New York Foundling Asylum, the Paterson (N. J.) Eye and Ear Infirmary; professor of ophthalmology at the Northern and Demilt dispensaries; professor of otology at the New York Polyclinic. He was a charter member of the American Otological Society, being president of the latter society in 1872.
Dr. Pomeroy was the author of a text-book on "Diseases of the Ear," a book that marked the transition between the old school and the modern school of treatment. His contributions to the medical literature on the surgery of the eye and ear were numerous, many of them appearing in the transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society and American Otological Society and in the New York Medical journals.
In 1865 he married Hannah M., daughter of Abial Miles of New York.
For several years previous to his death he had been in poor health and had retired from practice.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/achter

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry achter. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ achter, Low German for after.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/abgefeimt

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry abgefeimt. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ abgefeimt, see Feim.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/ablang

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry ablang. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ ablang, adjective, ‘oblong, oval,’ first occurs in Modern High German, formed on the model of Latin oblongus.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/abmurksen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry abmurksen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ abmurksen, see meucheln.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/abtrünnig

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry abtrünnig. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ abtrünnig, adjective, from the equivalent Middle High German abetrünncc (abetrünne), Old High German abatrunnîg, adjective, ‘recreant’; original sense, ‘he who separates himself from,’ for trennen contains the same stem. Compare also Old High German anttrunno, ‘fugitive,’ Middle High German trünne, ‘a detached troop.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/acht

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry acht. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ acht, numeral, ‘eight,’ from the equivalent Middle High German ahte, Old High German ahto, common to the Teutonic and also to the Aryan groups. Compare Gothic ahtau, Anglo-Saxon eahta, English eight, Dutch acht, Old Saxon ahto; further, Sanscrit ašṭáu, Greek ὀκτώ, Latin octo, Old Irish ocht, Lithuanian asztu̇nì, primary Aryan oktô, or rather oktôu, ‘eight.’ Respecting acht Tage see the historical note under Nacht.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/ach

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry ach. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ ach, interjection, ‘ah! alas!’ from Middle High German ach, Old High German ah; to this is allied Middle High German and Modern High German Ach, ah, neuter, ‘woe,’ and its derivative, which first occurs in Modern High German, ächzen, ​original sense, ‘to utter Ach’ (formed like ihrzen, dutzen).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/acheln

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry acheln. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ acheln, Jewish, ‘to eat,’ from Heb. âkhàl, ‘to eat.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/abspenstig

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry abspenstig. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ abspenstig, adjective, ‘alienated, disaffected,’ first occurs in Modern High German, from Old High German spenstîg, ‘seductive,’ allied to Old High German spanst, ‘allurement’; see under Gespenst and widerspenstig.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/achten

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry achten. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ achten, verb, ‘to have regard to, esteem, value,’ from Middle High German ahten, Old High German ahtôn, ‘to heed, ponder, take care’; allied to Middle High German ahte, Old High German ahta, feminine, ‘heed, paying attention.’ Compare Dutch achten, Anglo-Saxon eahtian, ‘to ponder'; also with derivative l, Old Icelandic œtla (Gothic *ahtilôn), ‘to suppose, think.’ It is based upon a Teutonic root ah, ‘to suppose, think’; compare Gothic aha, ‘understanding,’ ahjan, ‘to believe,’ ahma, ‘spirit.' The Aryan root ak is widely diffused, yet no other language coincides with the signification of the Teutonic cognates.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Genossame

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Genossame | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Genossame, f., from the equiv. MidHG. genôȥ-same, f., ‘fellowship,’ OHG. ginôȥ-samî, abstract of OHG. ginoȥsam, MidHG. genôȥ-sam, ‘of equal birth or worth.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Genosse

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Genosse | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Genosse, m., ‘comrade, companion, mate,’ from the equiv. MidHG. genôȥ, OHG. ginôȥ, m.; corresponding to OSax. genôt, AS. geneát, Du. genoot; lit. ‘one who partakes of something with another,’ comp. Geselle and Gesinde. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Ger

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Ger | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Ger, m., ‘spear,’ formed from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. gêr, m.; corresponding to OSax. gêr, AS. gâr, OIc. geirr. The r in the latter word must be based upon an s, otherwise the Scand. form would be *gárr. Goth. *gaiza may be inferred too from old proper names, such as Hariogaisus. The terms γαῖσος, γαῖσον, are also mentioned by Polybius, Diodorus, &c., as applied to the spear by the North Europ. barbarians. The word is genuinely Teut. (yet comp. also OIr. gai, from *gaiso, ‘spear’), and has the approximate meaning, as the allied Geisel shows, of ‘shaft, rod (as a missile),’ for which reason Gr. χαῖος, ‘shepherd's staff,’ and Sans. hêšas, n., ‘missile,’ are perhaps cognate. The root is Sans. hi, ‘to urge on,’ with which AS. gâd and E. goad (from Aryan *ghai-tã) are also connected. The OTeut. term was first used again in ModHG. as a borrowed word, though it continued to exist in the proper names Gerbert (OHG. Gêr-braht, lit. ‘glittering with spears’), Gerhard (OHG. Gérhart, ‘spear-bold’), Gertrud (OHG. Gêrtrût). Comp. Gehren and Geisel.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Gerte

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gerte | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gerte, f., from the equiv. MidHG. gęrte, OHG. gartia, f., ‘rod, twig, staff’; a derivative of OHG. and MidHG. gart, ‘rod, staff, stick.’ To the latter correspond Goth. gazds (comp. Hort, equiv. to Goth. huzds), ‘stick,’ and OIc. gaddr (E. goad and its equiv. AS. gâd are not allied; see Ger). Probably Teut. gazda- (OHG. gęrta would be *gazdjô) is primit. allied to Lat. hasta (from Aryan gazdhâ), ‘spear.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Gerät

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gerät | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gerät, n., ‘tools, furniture, utensils, from MidHG. gerœte, OHG. girâti, n., ‘equipment,’ lit. ‘consultation, precaution’; collective of Rat.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Gerfalke

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gerfalke | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gerfalke, Gierfalke, m., ‘gerfalcon,’ from the equiv. MidHG. gir-, gërfalke; from Rom. See Geier.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Gerste

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gerste | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gerste, f., ‘barley,’ from the equiv. MidHG. gërste, OHG. gërsta, f.; akin to Du. gerst; a specifically G. word, unknown to the other dialects; OSax. and AS. grîst, E. grist, are not connected with it, but with OTeut. grindan, ‘to grind’ (equiv. to Lat. frendere, ‘to gnash’?). In the remaining Teut. dialects the terms for Gerste are Goth. baris, OIc. bygg (and barr), AS. bęre, E. barley. OHG. gërsta, from pre-Teut. ghérzdâ-, corresponds only to the equiv. Lat. hordeum (from *horsdeum, prim. form *ghṛzdéyo-); Gr. κριθή, ‘barley,’ is scarcely a cognate. From an Aryan root ghrs, ‘to stiffen’ (Lat. horrere for *horsere, Sans. hṛš, ‘to bristle up’), some have inferred Gerste to mean orig. ‘the prickly plant’ (on account of the prickly ears).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Geruch

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Geruch | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Geruch, m., from the equiv. MidHG. geruch, m., ‘scent, odour, fame’; akin to riechen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Gericht

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gericht | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gericht, n., ‘judgment, tribunal, court, jurisdiction,’ in its double sense even in MidHG. gerihte, n., ‘tribunal, sentence, jurisdiction,’ and ‘prepared food’; OHG. girihti, n., only in the first sense; akin to recht.