OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Hyssop

Edition of 1802.
​HYSSOP, or Hyssopus, L. a genus of exotic plants, comprising three species, the principal of which is the officinalis, or Common Hyssop. It grows to the height of 18 inches; is a very hardy plant, and may be propagated either by slips or cuttings, or by seeds. The leaves have an aromatic smell, and a warm pungent taste: they are particularly recommended in humoural asthmas, coughs, and other disorders of the breast and lungs; being supposed powerfully to promote expectoration.—According to Ray, these leaves are of great service when applied in cataplasms to bruises, the pain of which they speedily mitigate, and at the same time disperse every mark, or spot, from the part affected.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Hypochondriac Affection

Edition of 1802.
​HYPOCHONDRIAC AFFECTION, or Hypochondriasis, may be defined to consist in a corrupted state of the stomach and intestines, accompanied with languor, dejection of mind, and fear arising from insufficient reasons, in persons of a melancholy disposition.
Among the numerous causes contributing to generate this tormenting affection, the most frequent are, acrimony of the bile; plethora; a preternatural viscidity, or stagnation of the blood; and suppressions of the customary evacuations. To these may be added an hereditary disposition, too free indulgence in wine; repelled eruptions; violent passions of the mind, &c.
Few persons of a sedentary life are entirely free from this complaint; which, if neglected, is more troublesome than dangerous: but if it be improperly treated, it may occasion various diseases of a more fatal tendency, such as melancholy, jaundice, palsy, apoplexy, &c.
The cure or removal of hypochondriasis must be attempted by those medicines which are calculated to counteract occasional causes, and obviate the more urgent symptoms: hence gentle laxatives, acidulated and chalybeate waters, as also copious draughts of cold water, have often been productive of the best effects. Emollients, diluents, the cold-bath, Peruvian bark, and exercise, especially riding on horseback, if judiciously resorted to, have all been found of service.
Hypochondriac patients ought never to fast long; their diet should be solid and nourishing; they ought carefully to avoid all acescent and flatulent vegetables. One of their principal objects, however, ought to be that of preserving the mind constantly in a cheerful and serene state. Nor should they neglect to rub, if possible, the whole body, every morning and evening, for ten minutes, or longer, with coarse flannel cloths.—Where the patient's circumstances can support the expence, a voyage to a warmer climate will be of greater advantage than medicines; though a rigorous adherence to a proper diet ​and regimen, at home, may also restore his health, and more certainly than luxury and dissipation abroad.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Hysterics

Edition of 1802.
​HYSTERICS, a spasmodic or convulsive disease, to which females chiefly are subject. It attachs them at uncertain intervals, and is usually preceded by a languor and debility the whole frame. There is a violent pain in the head; the eyes become dim, and shed involuntary tears: a sensation is felt similar to that of a globe rising from the lower part of the abdomen to the stomach; and, at length, it reaches the throat, where it produces a sense of sutfocation, a difficulty both of breathing and swallowing, while it is accompanied with great pains in the lower belly.
The general cause of hysterics is supposed to consist in too great a degree of mobility and irritability of the nervous system: whatever tends to enervate the body, may induce this complaint. Such are excessive heat, cold, terror, fear, grief, rage, acrid humours, ill smells, scorbutic affections, and glandular obstructions. Hence it chiefly attacks females of weak, relaxed habits, though a few instances have occurred, in which men have also been affected.
Notwithstanding the very alarming nature of this disorder, it seldom terminates fatally, unless from erroneous treatment. It, however, admits only of palliation, as it has but in few instances been completely removed. The chief object is to counteract or prevent the peculiar convulsive affection which immediately precedes the attack. And though we are in possession of a remedy, sufficiently powerful to effect that desirable purpose, yet great circumspection is required in its use; as, otherwise, the consequences might be more distressing than the disease. This medicine is laudanum; which, judiciously administered, checks the most violent paroxysms for a considerable time, but cannot accomplish a cure. Hence asa-fœtida may be given with greater advantage, though it disagrees with some persons, and occasions pain in the stomach and vomiting. Ipecacuanha, taken frequently in small doses, has sometimes been attended with success. To these may be added electricity, Peruvian bark, fetid matters presented to the organ of smell, such as burning feathers, or the smoke of sulphur, and the application of æther, strong volatile alkali, or other pungent matters to the nostrils. Relief has also been obtained by the sudden affusion of cold water on the face and hands, but more frequently from the application of warm water, especially to the feet and legs.—In order to effect a radical cure, it will be ​requisite to resort to chalybeates, mineral waters, or other tonics, and especially to the cold bath, where the constitution can support it. The diet of hysteric patients ought to be light and nourishing; they should carefully avoid whatever tends to relax the bowels or debilitate the system. Gentle exercise, and cheerful society, ought by no means to be neglected. Thus, by proper attention, this painful malady may possibly in the course of time be removed; or at least so far palliated, that its attacks will be less frequent and violent.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Wallace, Eglantine

​WALLACE, EGLANTINE, Lady Wallace (d. 1803), authoress, was youngest daughter of Sir William Maxwell (d. 1771), of Monreith, Wigtonshire, third baronet, and sister of Jane Gordon, duchess of Gordon [q. v.] A boisterous hoyden in her youth, and a woman of violent temper in her maturer years, she was married on 4 Sept. 1770 to Thomas Dunlop, son of John Dunlop of Dunlop, by Frances Anna, daughter and heiress of Sir Thomas Wallace (1702–1770) of Craigie, fifth and last baronet. On his grandfather's death Dunlop, inheriting Craigie, took the name of Wallace and assumed the style of a baronet; but the property was deeply involved, and in 1783 he was obliged to sell all that remained of Craigie. It would seem ​to have been shortly after this that his wife obtained a legal separation, on the ground, it is said, of her husband's cruelty. It is probable that the quarrel was due to pecuniary embarrassment. A little later Lady Wallace was herself summoned for assaulting a woman—apparently a humble companion—and was directed by the magistrate to compound the matter. Leaving Edinburgh, she seems to have settled in London, but upon her play ‘The Whim’ being prohibited the stage by the licenser, she left England in disgust. In October 1789 she was arrested at Paris as an English agent, and narrowly escaped with her life. In 1792 she was in Brussels. There she contracted a friendship with General Charles François Dumouriez, whom in 1793 she entertained in London, where she seems to have been well received in society. She died at Munich on 28 March 1803, leaving two sons, the elder of whom was General [Sir] John Alexander Dunlop Agnew Wallace [q. v.] She was author of 1. ‘Letter to a Friend, with a Poem called the Ghost of Werter,’ 1787, 4to. 2. ‘Diamond cut Diamond, a Comedy’ [from the French], 1787, 8vo. 3. ‘The Ton, a Comedy,’ 8vo, 1788; it was produced at Covent Garden on 8 April 1788 with a good cast, but, says Genest, was ‘very dull’ and a dead failure. 4. ‘The Conduct of the King of Prussia and General Dumouriez,’ 1793, 8vo; this was followed by a separately issued ‘Supplement.’ 5. ‘Cortes, a Tragedy’ (?). 6. ‘The Whim, a Comedy,’ 1795, 8vo. 7. ‘An Address to the People on Peace and Reform,’ 1798, 8vo.
J. K. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Wallace, Grace

​WALLACE, GRACE, Lady Wallace (d. 1878), author, was the eldest daughter of John Stein of Edinburgh. She became, on 19 Aug. 1824, the second wife of Sir Alexander Don, sixth baronet of Newton Don, and the intimate friend of Sir Walter Scott. She had two children: Sir William Henry Don [q. v.] seventh baronet, the celebrated actor; and Alexina Harriet, who married Sir Frederick Acclom Milbank, bart., of Hart and Hartlepool. In his ‘Familiar Letters’ (ii. 348) Sir Walter Scott writes to his son in 1825: ‘Mama and Anne are quite well; they are with me on a visit to Sir Alex. Don and his new lady, who is a very pleasant woman, and plays on the harp delightfully.’ Sir Alexander died in 1826; and in 1836 his widow married Sir James Maxwell Wallace, K.H., of Ainderby Hall, near Northallerton, an officer who had served under Wellington at Quatre Bras and Waterloo, was afterwards lieutenant-colonel of the 5th dragoon guards (when Prince Leopold, afterwards king of the Belgians, was colonel), and died on 3 Feb. 1867 as general and colonel of the 17th lancers. Robert Wallace (1773–1855) [q. v.] was his younger brother. Lady Wallace died on 12 March 1878 without issue by her second marriage.
Lady Wallace long and actively pursued a career as a translator of German and Spanish works, among others: 1. ‘The Princess Ilse,’ 1855. 2. ‘Clara; or Slave-life in Europe’ (by Hackländer), 1856. 3. ‘Voices from the Greenwood,’ 1856. 4. ‘The Old Monastery’ (by Hackländer), 1857. 5. ‘Frederick the Great and his Merchant,’ 1859. 6. ‘Schiller's Life and Works’ (by Palleske), 1859. 7. ‘The Castle and the Cottage in Spain’ (from the Spanish of Caballero), 1861. 8. ‘Joseph in the Snow’ (by Auerbach), 1861. 9. ‘Mendelssohn's Letters from Italy and Switzerland,’ 1862. 10. ‘Will-o'-the-Wisp,’ 1862. 11. ‘Letters of Mendelssohn from 1833 to 1847,’ 1863. 12. ‘Letters of Mozart,’ 1865. 13. ‘Beethoven's Letters, 1790–1826,’ 1866. 14. ‘Letters of Distinguished Musicians,’ 1867. 15. ‘Reminiscences of Mendelssohn’ (by Elise Polko), 1868. 16. ‘Alexandra Feodorowna’ (by Grimm), 1870. 17. ‘A German Peasant Romance: Elsa and the Vulture’ (by Von Hillern), 1876. 18. ‘Life of Mozart’ (by Nohl), 1877.
G. S-h.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Wall, Martin

1904 Errata appended.
​WALL, MARTIN (1747–1824), physician, son of John Wall (1708-1776) [q. v.], was baptised at Worcester on 24 June 1747. He was educated at Winchester school, and entered at New College, Oxford, on 21 Nov. 1763. He graduated B. A. on 17 June 1770, M.A. on 2 July 1771, M.D. on 9 June 1773, and was a fellow of his college from 1763 to 1778. He studied medicine at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, and in Edinburgh. He began practice at Oxford in 1774, and on 2 Nov. 1775 was elected physician to the Radcliffe infirmary. He was appointed reader ​in chemistry in 1781, and delivered an inaugural dissertation on the study of chemistry on 7 May 1781, which he printed in 1783, with an essay on the 'Antiquity and Use of Symbols in Astronomy and Chemistry,' and 'Observations on the Diseases prevalent in the South Sea Islands.' He drank tea with Dr. Samuel Johnson at Oxford in June 1784 (Boswell, Life, 1791, ii. 502), and his essay was obviously the origin of the conversation on the advantage of physicians travelling among barbarous nations. In 1785 he was elected Lichfield professor of clinical medicine, an office which he retained till his death. He edited his father's essays in 1780, and in 1786 published 'Clinical Observations on the Use of Opium in Low Fevers, with Remarks on the Epidemic Fever at Oxford in 1785.' The epidemic was typhus. He was elected a fellow of the College of Physicians on 25 June 1787, Harveian orator in 1788, and in the same year F.R.S. He died on 21 June 1824. Boswell speaks of him as 'this learned, ingenious, and pleasing gentleman.' He left a son, Martin Sandys Wall (1785-1871), chaplain in ordinary to the prince regent and to the British embassy at Vienna.
[Works; Foster's Alumni Oxon. 1715-1886; Munk's Coll. of Phys. ii. 372; Boswell's Life of Johnson, 1st edit.]
N. M.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.273 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 95 | ii | 7 f.e. | Wall, Martin: for M.D. on 9 June 1773, read M.B. 1773, and M.D. 1777, |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Wallace, James (d.1678)

​WALLACE, JAMES (d. 1678), covenanter, son of Matthew Wallace, succeeded about 1641 to his father's lands at Auchans, Ayrshire. Early in life he adopted the military profession, and became lieutenant-colonel in the parliamentary army. He went to Ireland in the Marquis of Argyll's regiment in 1642, and in 1645 was recalled to oppose the progress of Montrose. He joined the covenanters under General Baillie, and was taken prisoner at the battle of Kilsyth (Murdoch and Simpson, Deeds of Montrose, 1893, pp. 125, 329). Returning to Ireland ​before 1647, he was appointed governor of Belfast in 1649, but was deprived of the office in June of that year. Soon afterwards he removed to Ked-hall, Ballycarry, near Carrickfergus, where he married. Removing to Scotland in 1650, when Charles II came to Scotland on the invitation of the Scots parliament, Wallace was appointed lieutenant-colonel of a foot regiment under Lord Lorne. At the battle of Dunbar Wallace was again made prisoner. On his colonel's petition, as a reward for his services, he was ‘referred to the committee of estates, that he may be assigned to some part of excise or maintenance forth of the shire of Ayr.’ Wallace lived in retirement from the Restoration till the ‘Pentland rising,’ in which he took a very active part as leader of the insurgents. One of Wallace's earliest prisoners was Sir James Turner [q. v.], who had been his companion in arms twenty-three years before. During his captivity Turner was constantly with Wallace, of whose character and rebellion he gives a detailed account (Memoirs, Bannatyne Club, pp. 148, 163, 173, et sqq.) On 28 Nov. 1666 Wallace's forces and the king's, under the command of General Dalzell, came within sight of each other at Ingliston Bridge. Wallace was defeated, and, with his followers, took to flight (ib. pp. 181 sqq.). He escaped to Holland, where he took the name of Forbes. He was condemned and forfeited in August 1667 by the justice court at Edinburgh, and this sentence was ratified by parliament on 15 Dec. 1669. In Holland Wallace was obliged to move from place to place for several years to avoid his enemies, who were on the lookout for him. He afterwards lived in Rotterdam; but on the complaint of Henry Wilkie, whom the king had placed at the head of the Scottish factory at Campvere, Wallace was ordered from Holland. Wallace, however, returned some time afterwards, and died at Rotterdam in the end of 1678. In 1649 or 1650 he married a daughter of Mr. Edmonstone of Ballycarry, and left one son, William, who succeeded to his father's property, as the sentence of death and fugitation passed against him after the battle of the Pentland was rescinded at the revolution.
G. S-h.
# Dictionary of the Swatow dialect/but
### but

* 味but1053305
* Taste or flavor; it corresponds to the termination ish when applied to tastes.

#### hiam-but;

    peppery.

#### tîam-but;

    sweetish.

#### sng-but;

    sourish.

#### khó-but;

    bitterish.

#### cîah tîeh hiam-but hiam-but;

    it has a pungent flavor.

#### hía hṳ̂ cò̤-nî ŏi khó-but? sĭ thâi phùa táⁿ a m̄ sĭ?

    Why is the fish bitter? The gallbladder was broken in cutting up the fish was it not?

#### kàu cîh búe se-su khó-but;

    it leaves a slightly unpleasant taste in the mouth.

#### cîah kàu chùi búe tòa sng-but;

    an acid taste is left in the mouth after eating it.
* 物bût154645

#### līo-bût;

    condiments; sauces; spicery; seasoning.

#### àiⁿ lô̤h sĭm-mih līo-bût?

    What will you season it with?

#### cí kò̤ bô̤ hṳ̂-seⁿ līo-bût;

    there is no condiment here fit to go with fish.
* 拂bût154645
* To beat out the dust.

#### khîeh ki chûe khṳ̀ bṳ̂t, cìaⁿ ŏi cheng-khih;

    get a stick and beat it, then it will be clean.
# Dictionary of the Swatow dialect/bueh
### bûeh

* 襪bûeh103714515
* Stockings.

#### cêk ciah bûeh;

    a stocking.

#### cêk sang bûeh;

    a pair of stockings.

#### mî bûeh;

    woolen stockings.

#### bûeh àng; bûeh tháng;

    the leg of a stocking.

#### bûeh cíeⁿ;

    the foot of a stocking.

#### bûeh teⁿ, bûeh thâu, bûeh tói;

    the heel, toe, and sole of a stocking.

#### chēng bûeh;

    to put on, or to wear stockings.

#### bûeh tòa;

    garters.

#### pêh bûeh;

    white stockings.

#### chíⁿ bûeh;

    blue stockings.

#### toaⁿ têng bûeh;

    stockings made of a single layer of cloth.

#### sang têng bûeh; koih bûeh;

    stockings of double thickness.

#### hô-khî bûeh;

    knitted stockings.
# Dictionary of the Swatow dialect/buang
### búang

* 妄búang1045383
* Disorderly; unseemly; wild; reckless.

#### khûang-búang căi;

    frantically.

#### búang cò̤, búang ûi;

    disorderly conduct.

#### búang cṳ̆ cun tōa;

    wildly boast of one's self.

#### chàu búang;

    unseemly.

#### chŵn bô̤ búang suah peh-sèⁿ;

    never executes people without reason.

#### ūe màiⁿ búang tàⁿ;

    do not talk at random.
* 忘bûang1044613
* To disregard; to forget or neglect.

#### bûang pún;

    forget a benefactor or parent.

#### bûang ṳn, hŭ ngĭ;

    be ungrateful.

#### put lêng bûang chêng;

    I can never forget this kindness.

#### ŭ kâi kìen bûang kâi pēⁿ;

    is very forgetful, or absent minded.

#### cêk sî bûang-kìⁿ;

    it slipped my mind at the moment.
* 亡bûang104481
* Destroyed; lost; utterly gone.

#### sí bûang;

    dead and gone.

#### tīn bûang;

    destroyed in battle.

#### păi bûang;

    utterly defeated.

#### chut bûang;

    a forgotten fugitive in other lands, as a refugee prince.

#### bûang mīaⁿ;

    a ruined life.

#### bûang kok;

    an extinct dynasty.

#### pāi kok bûang ke;

    subvert the kingdom and destroy the house.

#### mît bûang;

    no trace left.
* 望bŭang1045747
* The full of the moon.

#### suak bŭang;

    the first and the fifteenth of the month.

#### câp-ngŏ jit kìe-cò̤ bŭang;

    the fifteenth of the month is called the day of full moon.

#### tōa miaⁿ bŭang kâi nâng;

    one whose name is widely known.

#### hó̤ mîaⁿ bŭang;

    of good repute.

#### jît gûeh sie tùi kìe-cò̤ bŭang;

    the sun and moon being opposite each other, they are said to be in opposition.
# Dictionary of the Swatow dialect/bwn
### bw̆n

* 慢bw̆n5766111
* To neglect or slight.

#### khin-bw̆n;

    to treat haughtily.

#### bú-bw̆n;

    treat with contempt.

#### màiⁿ bw̆n tîeh i,

    do not slight him;

#### cìeⁿ-seⁿ sǹg sĭ siet-bw̆n tîeh i;

    that would be considered contemptuous treatment of him.
* 幔bw̆n5765011
* A curtain.

#### tìeⁿ bw̆n;

    a curtain.

#### kiē bw̆n;

    sedan curtains.
* 蔓bw̆n104014011
* Tangled vines.

#### bw̆n-cheⁿ;

    a turnip, green colored and with tubers above ground, used in medicine.

#### bw̆n-cháu lâng tṳ̂;

    tangle grass is not easily extirpated.
* 饅bw̆n57518411
* Steamed bread, or wheaten cakes.

#### bw̆n-thâu;

    a loaf of steamed bread.
* 卍bw̆n1040244
* A mystic emblem of high antiquity, explained to be the symbol of Buddha's heart; it is the hammer of Thor and is common in Norse mythology.

#### àiⁿ kuah cò̤ bw̆n-jī piⁿ;

    will have it carved with a border in Vetruvian scroll.

#### bw̆n-jī pĭⁿ;

    braid with the Vitruvian scroll woven in it.

#### bw̄n-jī lâng-kang;

    a balustrade with a convoluted lattice.
* 萬bw̄n10401409
* All; every; ten thousand; a strong superlative.

#### bw̄n nâng;

    everybody.

#### bw̄n mûeh;

    everything.

#### bw̄n kok;

    all nations.

#### bw̄n hok;

    every blessing.

#### bw̄n ak îm ûi síu;

    of all wickedness lewdness is chief.

#### bw̄n kim ke-súaⁿ;

    an estate of immense value.

#### cêk bw̄n;

    ten thousand.

#### cêk choiⁿ bw̄n;

    ten millions.

#### peh bw̄n;

    a million.

#### câp bw̄n;

    a hundred thousand.

#### cêk pńg, bw̄n lâi;

    ten thousand per cent gain.

#### châng-hn̂g, bw̄n khẃn;

    countless acres of farm land.

#### bw̄n bô̤ cêk sit;

    nothing lost or missed.

#### bw̄n tang cṳ cêk;

    one among a thousand.

#### bw̄n kó to bŏi hāi;

    it will never wear out; time will not affect it.

#### bw̄n bô̤ chṳ́ lí;

    there is no such principle.

#### bw̄n-bw̄n m̄ hó̤;

    most certainly not; a thousand times no.

#### bw̄n-bw̄n put lêng;

    it cannot be done.

#### lṳ́ choiⁿ bw̄n tîeh lâi;

    you must come without fail.

#### choiⁿ kun bw̄n bé;

    myriads.

#### bw̄n sì;

    all ages.

#### bw̄n tō̤;

    all generations.

#### choiⁿ châng bw̄n tī;

    an immeasurable extent of land.

#### kàu cí-kò̤ choiⁿ suaⁿ bw̄n cúi, sît-căi sĭ kang-khó;

    to come here over innumerable mountains and seas is indeed difficult.

#### būe cău bw̄n mûeh cṳ côiⁿ;

    before all things were created.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Sanford, Joseph

​SANFORD or SANDFORD, JOSEPH (d. 1774), scholar and book collector, was son of George Sanford of Topsham, near Exeter. He matriculated from Exeter College, Oxford, on 6 April 1709, aged 17, and was a fellow commoner there until 22 Dec. 1712. On 21 Oct. 1712 he graduated B.A. (M.A. 16 June 1715, B.D. 9 Nov. 1726), and about 1715 he was elected to a fellowship at Balliol College.
Sanford did not take orders until the statutes of the college rendered it essential ​to his retention of his fellowship (cf. Gent. Mag. 1816, ii. 212). On 12 May 1722 he was instituted, on the nomination of his college, to the sinecure rectory of Duloe in Cornwall, and in 1739 he was appointed by the same body to the rectory of Huntspill in Somerset, holding both preferments until his death. He died senior fellow of Balliol College on 25 Sept. 1774, in his eighty-fourth year, having been a resident in the college for nearly sixty years, and was buried in the church of St. Mary Magdalen, Oxford, where a monument was erected to his memory.
Though his friends could never ‘prevail upon him to publish any specimens of his critical learning,’ and he left no writings behind him ‘but a few short manuscript notes on the margins of some printed books’ (Polwhele, History of Cornwall, v. 179), Sanford was well known for his erudition, his valuable library, and the singularity of his attire. He left to Exeter College books and manuscripts. The latter had previously belonged to Sir William Glynne, and are mostly historical or antiquarian (Coxe, Cat. of MS. in Oxford Colleges). To the Bodleian Library he gave in 1753 a copy of Archbishop Parker's rare ‘De Antiquitate Britannicæ Ecclesiæ,’ 1572 (Macray, Bodl. Libr. 2nd ed. p. 234). He was an intimate friend of Hearne. Sanford purchased in 1767 the very rare first edition of the Hebrew Bible, and gave much assistance to Dr. Kennicott in his great work on the Bible. It was the loan by him of a manuscript relating to Dorset that induced Hutchins to undertake the task of compiling a history of that county, and he is one of the two members of Balliol College to whom Richard Chandler expressed his obligations in the preface to his ‘Marmora Oxoniensia’ (1763).
W. P. C.