OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume III/Anti-Marcion/Against Hermogenes/XVII

Chapter XVII.—The Truth of God’s Work in Creation. You Cannot Depart in the Least from It, Without Landing Yourself in an Absurdity.
This rule is required by the nature of the One-only God, who is One-only in no other way than as the sole God; and in no other way sole, than as having nothing else (co-existent) with Him. So also He will be first, because all things are after Him; and all things are after Him, because all things are by Him; and all things are by Him, because they are of nothing: so that reason coincides with the Scripture, which says: “Who hath known the mind of the Lord? or who hath been His counsellor? or with whom took He counsel? or who hath shown to Him the way of wisdom and knowledge? Who hath first given to Him, and it shall be recompensed to him again?” Surely none! Because there was present with Him no power, no material, no nature which belonged to any other than Himself. But if it was with some (portion of Matter) that He effected His creation, He must have received from that (Matter) itself both the design and the treatment of its order as being “the way of wisdom and knowledge.” For He had to operate conformably with the quality of the thing, and according to the nature of Matter, not according to His own will in consequence of which He must have made even evil things suitably to the nature not of Himself, but of Matter.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Unici Dei.
* ↑ Rom. xi. 34, 35; comp. Isa. xl. 14.
* ↑ De aliquo.
* ↑ Adeo ut fecerit.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume III/Anti-Marcion/Against Hermogenes/XLIV

Chapter XLIV.—Curious Views Respecting God’s Method of Working with Matter Exposed. Discrepancies in the Heretic’s Opinion About God’s Local Relation to Matter.
But it remains that I should show also how you make God work. You are plainly enough at variance with the philosophers; but neither are you in accord with the prophets. The Stoics maintain that God pervaded Matter, just as honey the honeycomb. You, however, affirm that it is not by pervading Matter that God makes the world, but simply by appearing, and approaching it, just as beauty affects a thing by simply appearing, and a loadstone by approaching it. Now what similarity is there in God forming the world, and beauty wounding a soul, or a magnet attracting iron? For even if God appeared to Matter, He yet did not wound it, as beauty does the soul; if, again, He approached it, He yet did not cohere to it, as the magnet does to the iron. Suppose, however, that your examples are suitable ones. Then, of course, it was by appearing and approaching to Matter that God made the world, and He made it when He appeared and when He approached to it. Therefore, since He had not made it before then, He had neither appeared nor approached to it. Now, by whom can it be believed that God had not appeared to Matter—of the same nature as it even was owing to its eternity? Or that He had been at a distance from it—even He whom we believe to be existent everywhere, and everywhere apparent; whose praises all things chant, even inanimate things and things incorporeal, according to (the prophet) Daniel? How immense the place, where God kept Himself so far aloof from Matter as to have neither appeared nor approached to it before the creation of the world! I suppose He journeyed to it from a long distance, as soon as He wished to appear and approach to it.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Facit quid decor.
* ↑ Certe.
* ↑ Retro.
* ↑ Dan. iii. 21.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Nimmo, Hon. John

Layout 2
​Nimmo, Hon. John, J.P., C.E., was born at Catrine, Ayrshire, Scotland, and educated as an engineer. He arrived in Victoria in 1853, and was for some years town surveyor of Emerald Hill, of which municipality he was subsequently mayor, and which he represented in the Assembly from 1877 to 1889, when he was returned for Albert Park. Mr. Nimmo, who is a moderate Liberal and Protectionist, and a strong advocate of temperance, was Commissioner of Public Works in the Gillies Government from Feb. 1886 to June 1889, when he resigned. He was for some time representative of the Government on the Melbourne Harbour Trust. At the general election in April 1892 Mr. Nimmo lost his seat.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Nisbet, William David

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​Nisbet, William David, M.I.C.E., J.P., was appointed Engineer of Harbours and Rivers for the colony of Queensland in March 1875.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Nichols, George Robert

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​Nichols, George Robert, M.L.A., the son of Isaac Nichols, Principal Superintendent ​of Convicts, and subsequently the first Postmaster in New South Wales, was born in Sydney on Sept. 27th, 1809. He was educated in England, but returned to New South Wales in 1822, when he qualified as a solicitor, and obtained a large practice. In 1848 he was elected to the old Legislative Council for the Northumberland Boroughs; and when responsible government was conceded he represented his old constituents in the Legislative Assembly. He was Auditor-General in the Donaldson Government—the first formed under the new régime—from June to August 1856. Later in the same year failing health compelled him to decline a portfolio in the Parker Ministry. Amongst the pupils articled to him were Sir James Martin (afterwards Premier and Chief Justice of New South Wales) and Sir Richard Dry (afterwards Premier of Tasmania). He was conceded the privilege, enjoyed by no other practitioner of his grade, of appearing professionally in both the superior and inferior courts of the colony. He died on Sept. 12th, 1857.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Nicholson, Sir Charles

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​Nicholson, Sir Charles, Bart., M.D., D.C.L., LL.D., first Chancellor of Sydney University, is the only son of the late Charles Nicholson, of London, by his marriage with Barbara, daughter of J. Ascough, of Bedale, Yorkshire, and was born on Nov. 23rd, 1808. He graduated M.D. at Edinburgh University in 1833, and in the next year emigrated to Sydney, N.S.W., where he arrived in May, and practised as a physician. In 1843 he was returned to the first Legislative Council of New South Wales as one of the five members for the Port Phillip district (now Victoria). He continued to sit in the Council till 1856, being elected Speaker of that body, in succession to Mr. Macleay, in 1846, and twice subsequently re-elected. He was knighted by patent in March 1852, and took great interest in the advancement of education. He was appointed first Vice-Provost of Sydney University, and delivered an inaugural address at its opening in Oct. 1852. In 1854 he was chosen first Chancellor of the University, and has been one of its most liberal benefactors. In 1857 he was made an honorary D.C.L. of the University of Oxford, and was created first baronet of Luddenham, N.S.W., in April 1859, In the following year Queensland was constituted a separate colony, and Sir Charles Nicholson having been nominated to the Legislative Council, acted as its first President from May to August, when he resigned, and returned to reside permanently in England in 1862. In 1865 he married Sarah Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Archibald Keightley, of the Charterhouse, London; and in 1868 had the honorary degree of LL.D. conferred on him by the University of Cambridge. In 1890 he was appointed to represent the interests of the Central Queensland Separation League in London, and headed deputations to Lord Knutsford on the subject. The heir to the baronetcy is his eldest son, Archibald Keightley, born in 1867.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Nickle, Major-General Sir Robert

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​Nickle, Major-General Sir Robert, K.H., sometime commander of the forces in Australia, was the son of an officer in the 17th Light Dragoons, and entered the army at an early age. He served with the well-known Connaught Rangers in various parts of the world for upwards of twenty-two years, seeing much hard service and winning great distinction for bravery. He went to the West Indies in 1830, and was appointed Governor of St. Christopher and its dependencies. He served during the insurrection in British North America in 1838, and was knighted in 1844. In 1853 he was appointed commander of the forces in Australia, and during the riots at the gold diggings in 1854 displayed great forbearance and tact. Coming on the scene shortly after the affair of the ​Eureka stockade, where Captain Thomas was in command of the Queen's troops, he induced the rioters to disperse without further bloodshed. He was nearly seventy years of age at the time of his death, which occurred on May 26th, 1855.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Newland, Simpson

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​Newland, Simpson, J.P., is the son of the late Rev. William Ridgway Newland, Independent minister, who emigrated to South Australia in 1839. He represented Encounter Bay in the Legislative Assembly of that colony, and was Treasurer in the Downer Ministry from June 1885 to June 1886, when he resigned, and was succeeded by Mr. (now Sir) John Bray. He was rejected at Encounter Bay at the general election in 1887.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Nisbet, Hume

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​Nisbet, Hume, artist and author, was born on August 8th, 1849, at Stirling, Scotland. As a boy he received special artistic training, and was educated under the Rev. Dr. Culross (now of Bristol College) up to the age of fifteen, when he left Scotland and emigrated to Melbourne, Vict. The next seven years he spent in wandering over the Australian colonies, Tasmania, New Zealand, and the South Sea Islands, painting and sketching and writing poetry and stories, besides making notes for future work. Of this period he spent one year acquiring theatrical experience at the Theatre Royal, Melbourne, under the well-known actor Mr. Richard Stewart. He returned to London in 1872, and spent some time in studying and copying pictures in the National Gallery and at South Kensington. At the end of the next year he went back to Scotland, and devoted himself to art, with an occasional lapse into literature. For eight years he was art master of the Watt Institution and School of Art, Edinburgh. He again went to reside in London, and in 1884 revisited Australia, and made his way to New Guinea, where he was the first painter-author to "interview" the Papuans. Most of his pictures have found a location in Scotland, and in 1883 he had an exhibition in Edinburgh of his collected works. He got to loggerheads with the Royal Scottish Academy, whose methods he criticised in numerous pamphlets and articles. During this trying period he owed much to the kindly encouragement of Mr. John Buskin and Sir Noel Paton. Among his best-known paintings are "Eve's first Moonrise," "The Flying Dutchman," "The Dream of Sardanapalus," four pictures of "The Ancient Mariner," and "The Battle of Dunbar." His literary efforts are mainly inspired by his Australian and South Sea experiences. He has published "The Practical in Painting" (Edinburgh, 1880), "Life and Nature Studies" (London, 1887), "The Land of the Hibiscus Blossom" (London, 1888), "Dr. Bernard St. Vincent" (London, 1889), "Eight Bells" (ditto), "Memories of the Months" (ditto), "Ashes" (London, 1890), "Bail Up" (ditto), "My Illustrated Diary of a Voyage from London to Australia" (ditto), "The Black Drop" (London, 1891), "Lessons in Art" (ditto), "The Savage Queen" (ditto), and "A Colonial Tramp" (ditto).
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Newton, Hon. Hibbert

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​Newton, Hon. Hibbert, entered the Legislative Assembly of Victoria, and was Postmaster-General in the Nicholson Government from Oct 29th to Nov. 26th, 1860. He died on May 30th, 1890.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Newbery, James Cosmo

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​Newbery, James Cosmo, C.M.G., fourth son of William Boxer Newbery, was born in 1843, near Leghorn, Italy, whence he went when quite young to America, and ultimately graduated as Bachelor of Science at the Harvard University. After leaving Harvard he studied at the School of Mines, Jermyn Street, London; and in 1865 was appointed analyst to the Geological Survey of Victoria—an appointment which he held until 1868, when the department was abolished. In 1870 he was appointed to his present position of Superintendent of the Melbourne Industrial and Technological Museum and Analyst to the Department of Mines; and he is, in addition, Instructor in Chemistry and Metallurgy at the Museum Laboratory. Mr. Newbery, who is a member of the Royal Society of Victoria, was Honorary Superintendent of Juries and Awards at the Melbourne International Exhibition of 1880. He married, in 1870, Catherine Maud Florence, daughter of G. Hodgkinson. In 1881 he was created C.M.G.
# Birkett v. Columbia Bank

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
195 U.S. 345
Birkett v. Columbia Bank
Argued: October 28, 1904. --- Decided: November 28, 1904
This is an action on a promissory note for $750. The defense is discharge in bankruptcy. The making of the note was admitted, and the only question presented is the effect of the discharge.
The facts as found by the court are: Plaintiff in error and one Calvin Russell, who died before the commencement of this action, were partners, doing business under the name of Russell & Birkett, and in that name made and delivered to the Manhattan Railway Advertising Company a promissory note for $750. The latter company indorsed the note to defendant in error, of which Russell & Birkett had knowledge before its maturity. On the 13th of April 1899, the firm of Russell & Birkett and plaintiff in error, upon their own petition, were adjudicated bankrupts in the United States district court for the northern districe of New York, and were discharged September 12, 1899. The claim of defendant in error was not scheduled, either as a debt of the firm or of plaintiff in error, in time for proof and allowance with the name of the defendant in error, though defendant in error was known, at the time of filing the schedules, to be the owner and holder thereof by plaintiff in error, and that defendant in error had no notice or actual knowledge or other knowledge of the proceedings in bankruptcy prior to the discharge of the bankrupts. No notice of the proceedings in bankruptcy was at any time given to defendant in error by, or by the direction of, the bankrupts or either of them. It was decided that the claim of defendant in error was not barred by the discharge in bankruptcy, and judgment was directed for defendant in error.
Messrs. John Murray Downs, Robert G. Scherer, and Thomas Carmody for plaintiff in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 346-347 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Julius J. Frank for defendant in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 347-349 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice McKenna delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Birks of Aberfeldy/King's Anthem

KING‘S ANTHEM.
FINIS.
# Birks of Aberfeldy/Plaid amang the Heather

PLAID AMANG THE HEATHER.
# Birmingham Daily Post/1884/Death of Mr. William Bates

Source: Birmingham Daily Post, Friday, September 26, 1884; Issue 8187.
Death of Mr. William Bates
Many of our readers will regret to hear that Mr. William Bates, for several years surgeon to the Borough Hospital at Winson Green, died on Wednesday night, somewhat unexpectedly. On Sunday last he was found insensible in his bedroom, and had apparently suffered from an apoplectic attack. Immediate and unremitting attention was given to him by several medical friends, but he never regained consciousness. Mr. Bates was for some years a tutor of languages, and held for a time an appointment at Queen's college, but later in life he studied medicine, took his degree, and was appointed surgeon to the Borough Hospital. He was well known in literary world by his edition of "The Maclise Gallery of Portraits," from Fraser's magazine, which he conspicuously annotated from a large and minute knowledge of contemporary history and biography. For many years he was a learned and valuable contributor to "Notes and Queries," writing chiefly on what may be called "the bye-way subjects" of French and English literature. He was almost throughout life a most industrious collector of books, prints, drawings and curiosities generally, and his house in the Crescent was literally crammed in every corner with the results of his visits to the book shops and book boxes in London and elsewhere. He had a large knowledge of French (being often chosen as an interpreter), and his acquaintance with French literature was extensive. At the time of his death he had just complete the preface to an edition of the rare local work, "A Loyal Oration," for a series which Mr. W. Downing has announced, and of which Mr, Bates was to be editor. Mr, Bates was a widower, and when released from his duties at the hospital, he lived the life of a recluse among his books and other treasures, which he was always ready and willing to show his friends. As a literary man of considerable attainments, an acute critic and a laborious editor. Mr. Bates will long be remembered among Birmingham men who have made books and libraries the occupation or the solace of their lives.
This work was published in 1884 and is anonymous or pseudonymous due to unknown authorship. It is in the public domain in the United States as well as countries and areas where the copyright terms of anonymous or pseudonymous works are 139 years or less since publication.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Birmingham Ice Cold Storage Company v. Southern Railway Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
372 U.S. 524
Birmingham Ice Cold Storage Company v. Southern Railway Company
David J. Vann and A. Alvis Layne, for appellants.
Jos. F. Johnston, for appellees Southern Railway Co. and others.
James W. Wrape and Glenn M. Elliott, for appellees Jefferson Warehouse & Cold Storage Co. and others.
Solicitor General Cox, for the United States.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Birks of Aberfeldy

BIRKS OF ABERFELDY,
Plaid amang the
HEATHER,
ON THE DEATH OF BURNS,
Highland Laddie,
AND
KING'S ANTHEM.
EDINBURGH.
PRINTED FOR THE BOOKSELLERS.
1817.
page
* Birks of Aberfeldy
* Plaid amang the Heather
* On the Death of Burns
* Highland Laddie
* King's Anthem
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Audenried, Joseph Crain

Edition of 1900.
​AUDENRIED, Joseph Crain, soldier, b. in Pottsville, Pa., 6 Nov., 1839; d. in Washington, 3 June, 1880. He was graduated at West Point in 1861, was brevetted second lieutenant, 4th cavalry, and assisted in organizing and drilling the troops then assembled in Washington. He took part in the first campaign as aide-de-camp to Gen. Tyler, and served with the 2d artillery till March, 1862. During the peninsular campaign he was acting assistant adjutant-general to Gen. Emory's cavalry command. In July, 1862, he became aide-de-camp to Gen. Sumner, commanding 2d army corps, and acted in this capacity until the death of Gen. Sumner in March, 1863. He was wounded at Antietam, and brevetted captain. He reported as aide-de-camp to Gen. Grant in June, 1863, and witnessed the surrender of Vicksburg. He joined the staff of Gen. Sherman at Memphis on 1 Oct., 1863, and shared in the Chattanooga and Knoxville campaign, that to Meridian, the Atlanta campaign, the march to the sea, and that through the Carolinas. He accompanied Gen. Sherman during his several tours through the great west, among the Indians, and through Europe, and continued to discharge the duties of aide-de-camp to the general of the army until his death.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Avery, Elroy McKendree

Edition of 1900.
​ AVERY, Elroy McKendree, author, b. in Erie, Mich., 14 July, 1844. He served in the army through the civil war, and was graduated from Michigan university in 1871, acting during his college course as correspondent of the Detroit “Tribune.” Later he became principal of the Cleveland normal school, and for some years was connected with the Brush electric light company of that city. He has published “Elements of Natural Philosophy” (New York, 1878), and numerous other successful school-books, and contributed biographical and historical articles to the magazines. Mr. Avery is engaged in the preparation of a “Popular History of the United States.”
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Atta-Culla-Culla

Edition of 1900.
​ATTA-CULLA-CULLA, Indian chief, lived in the 18th century. About 1738 he was chosen vice-king under Oconostota, their archimagus. In 1755, three years after the outbreak of hostilities between the French and the English, he was party to a treaty that ceded to the English a site for forts. The tribe, having been attacked by white settlers in retaliation for thefts committed in the Fort Duquesne expedition, made war upon the English, and reduced to famine, and finally massacred, the garrison of Fort Loudon. Capt. Stuart was saved by ​Atta-Culla-Culla and conducted secretly to the British headquarters on the frontier of Virginia. Through Atta-Culla-Culla's influence Capt. Stuart was received by the Cherokees, after peace was restored, as the British agent and superintendent of Indian affairs at the south.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Avezzana, Giuseppe

Edition of 1900.
​AVEZZANA, Giuseppe, soldier, b. in Chieri, Piedmont, 19 Feb., 1797. His American career began soon after the restoration of Ferdinand VII. to the Spanish throne, September, 1823. Avezzana fought against the restoration, was captured and held for several weeks as a prisoner, and sailed for America on being set free. Prior to this time he served under Napoleon I. from 1813 until the fall of the empire, and then, joining the Sardinian army, found himself in 1815 arrayed against his old leader, who had made his escape from Elba. Wherever there was a chance to fight for liberty, Avezzana was at hand, and hardly was he fairly established on American soil when he found himself called upon to defend the state of Tamaulipas against his old enemies the Spaniards, who invaded the territory under Gen. Barradas in June, 1827. He was obliged to retire at first before superior numbers, but soon rallied a force sufficient to overthrow the invaders, and afterward resumed his peaceful vocations. In 1832 a revolution was organized by Santa Anna against the government of President Bustamente, and Avezzana was, as always, ready to lead the revolt. Left in command at Tampico by Gen. Montezuma, who went to stir up the revolutionists elsewhere, he manœuvred so successfully with a small force that they captured three times their number of government troops at Ciudad Victoria, with artillery and supplies. From this time he gave the enemy no rest, but retrieved the disasters that had befallen Santa Anna and Montezuma, and mainly through his able military leadership the liberal cause triumphed. Avezzana immediately resigned his command, and in 1834 went into business in New York city, where he married an Irish lady and led a quiet mercantile life until the revolution of 1848 fired his patriot blood again, and he promptly responded to the call of ​Italy. He was absent just a year, and only returned to America after he had fought the Austrians and Sardinians at Genoa, and with a few thousand followers had defended Rome for two months against the allied armies, 100,000 strong. Once he sought refuge on board an American and once on board a British man-of-war, and at last, when the cause of freedom was hopelessly crushed, escaped with his usual good luck to America and resumed his mercantile life in New York.