OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Ohio Northern University

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​OHIO NORTHERN UNIVERSITY, an institution under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church situated at Ada, Ohio. Two normal schools consolidated in 1885 under the name of the Ohio Normal University. This institution was purchased by the Methodists in 1898, and re-chartered under the name of the Ohio Northern University. It is a coeducational institution, having a preparatory, normal, and college department. The college is in session all but four weeks in the year. In 1915 two new buildings were erected, bringing the total value of the grounds and builoings close to a million dollars. In 1919 there were 480 students and 28 instructors. President, A. E. Smith.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Ohio Wesleyan University

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​OHIO WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY, a coeducational institution in Delaware, O.; founded in 1844 under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 78; number of students, 1,250; president, J. W. Hoffman, D.D. The university includes a college of liberal arts, a school of music, oratory, business, medicine, etc.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Ohm

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​OHM, or OHMAD, in electromagnetics, the unit of resistance. It is 10⁹ C. G. S. units of resistance, and is the same as the value of one earth-quadrant per second.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Okhotsk, Sea of

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​OKHOTSK, SEA OF, an extensive inlet of the North Pacific Ocean, on the E. coast of Russian Siberia, nearly enclosed by Kamchatka and the Kuriles and Saghalien. It is little navigated. On its N. shore, at the mouth of the Okhota, is the small seaport of Okhotsk.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Gregory, St.

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
GREGORY, ST., surnamed Illuminator, the founder of the Armenian Church; born in Valarshabad, Armenia, about 257. He was of the royal Parthian race of the Arsacidae, and son of Anak,
murderer of Chosrov I., King of Armenia. For this crime the whole family was slain save himself. He owed his escape to a Christian nurse, who secretly conveyed him, when he was 2 years old, to Cæsarea, in Cappadocia, her native town. He there married a Christian, who bore him two sons, and soon afterward became a nun. Gregory proceeded to Rome, and entered the service of Terdat, Chosrov's son. After Terdat (Tiridates III.) had, with the help of the Romans, recovered his father's kingdom (286), Gregory, for his refusal to crown with garlands the statue of Anahit, tutelary goddess of Armenia, was thrown by Terdat into a deep pit, where a pious widow nourished him for 14 years. About the end of that time Terdat was visited with the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. Healed and baptized by Gregory, he became a zealous Christian, and established Christianity by force throughout his dominions. Gregory was consecrated bishop and head of the Armenian Church by Leontius, Archbishop of Cæsarea. Having resigned the patriarchate in favor of his second son Aristaces, Gregory in 331 retired to a cave at the foot of Mount Sebuh in Upper Armenia, where he died in 332.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Guam

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
GUAM (gwäm), an island in the Pacific Ocean, the largest of the Marianne or Ladrone group; area, 200 square miles; capital, Agaña. The island is fertile and to a great extent covered with valuable timber lands. There are 18 schools and about 90 per cent. of the natives can read and write. At the beginning of the American-Spanish War the Ladrone group belonged to Spain, and on June 20, 1898, the United States cruiser “Charleston,” on its way to Manila, opened fire on Agaña. The Spanish garrison, not knowing that war existed, and thinking the attack was a salute, sent an officer to the “Charleston” apologizing for not returning it, owing to lack of ammunition. When they learned the state of affairs, the place was surrendered in less than 30 minutes. Captain Leary, of the United States navy, was appointed the first American governor, and under his direction important reforms were instituted. Slavery was abolished, and a break-water and fortifications were built at the harbor of San Luis d'Apra, to establish a coaling station there. United States money has been in circulation since 1909. Pop. 13,275. See Agaña.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Gwynn, Eleanor

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
GWYNN, ELEANOR, better known by the name of “Nell,” a celebrated mistress of King Charles II.; born in London about 1650. She was at first an orange girl, and also gained her bread by singing from tavern to tavern. About 1667 she became the mistress of Lord Buckhurst, who surrendered her about 1670 to the king. As mistress of the king she had an establishment, and was made lady of the privy chamber to Queen Catharine. She was merry and open-hearted, is said to have been faithful to Charles, mindful of old friends, and a liberal patroness of the poets Dryden, Lee, Otway, and Butler. From her are sprung the dukes of St. Albans. She died about 1690.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Gymnasium

Edition of 1921; disclaimer. See also Gymnasium (school) on Wikipedia.
GYMNASIUM, a public place or building where the Greek youths exercised themselves, fitted up with running and wrestling grounds, baths, and rooms or halls for conversation and discussion. These were the favorite resorts of youth, and for this reason were frequented by teachers, especially philosophers. The three great gymnasia of Athens were the Academy, where Plato taught; the Lyceum, where Aristotle labored; and the Cynosarges. In this connection it is easy to understand the transference of the name to educational institutions. The German gymnasium is an upper school where instruction is carried on largely by means of the classical tongues, preparing its pupils for the university, and corresponding roughly to the grammar and public schools of England and the grammar and high schools of Scotland.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Guthrie

* related portals: Oklahoma.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, travel guide, Wikidata item.
Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
GUTHRIE (guth′ri), a city, until 1911 State capital of Oklahoma, and county-seat of Logan co.; on the Cottonwood river and the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad. It contains St. Joseph's Academy, a high school, several denominational schools, waterworks, electric lights, 2 National banks, cotton gins, flour and planing mills, furniture and carriage factories, etc. Pop. (1910) 11,654; (1920) 11,757.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Gymnastics

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
GYMNASTICS, exercises of the body and limbs which tend to invigorate and develop their power. Gymnastic games are of very ancient origin. They are mentioned in the second book of the “Iliad,” where playing at quoits and javelin hurling are mentioned. Later on games of this kind were dedicated to the gods, and the rewards being called “athla,” gave origin to the name “athletes,” applied to those who contend for them.
Shortly before the time of Hippocrates, gymnastics were made a part of medicine, and gradually they were reduced into a complete system. Public buildings, called “gymnasia,” were erected for the purpose, and officers for their superintendence were appointed by the state. Among the exercises practiced in these gymnasia were dancing, wrestling, boxing, running, leaping, quoit-throwing, hurling, riding, driving, swimming, rowing, climbing ropes, swinging, mock fights of various kinds, etc. It is only since the commencement of the 19th century that gymnastic exercises have been revived as a science.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Groton

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
GROTON, a town in New London co., Conn., on the Thames river and Long Island Sound, opposite New London. There still may be seen Fort Griswold, memorable for the massacre of an American garrison by the British in 1781. The British having captured the fort after a desperate resistance, Colonel Ledyard, the American commander, surrendered to the officer of the detachment, and was immediately killed with his own sword, most of his men being also butchered. A granite monument, to commemorate that event, was erected in 1830. Pop. about 2,000.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Gutenberg, Johannes

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
GUTENBERG, JOHANNES, or HENNE (gö′ten-berG) , a German printer; born in Mainz, about 1400. In 1434 he was living in Strassburg, and seems to have been well known as a man of considerable mechanical skill, who taught stone cutting, mirror polishing, and similar arts. When and where he made his first attempts in the art of printing cannot with certainty be ascertained. Some time between 1444 and 1448 he returned to Mainz, where, in 1449 or 1450, he entered into partnership with Johannes Fust or Faust, a wealthy goldsmith, who furnished the money required to set up a printing press. This partnership was, however, dissolved after the lapse of a few years, Fust bringing an action at law against Gutenberg to recover the sums he had advanced. In consequence of the legal verdict, Fust retained the printing concern, and carried it on in conjunction with Peter Schöffer of Gernsheim. Gutenberg, with the assistance of a Dr. Homery, afterward set up another printing press. He is considered the inventor of movable type. He died in Mainz, Feb. 24, 1468.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Halstead, Murat

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
HALSTEAD, MURAT, an American journalist; born in Ross, Butler co., O., Sept. 2, 1829. He spent his minority on a farm. At 18 he began writing for newspapers. In 1851 he finished his schooling at Farmers' College, near Cincinnati, and then decided to study law. He did local newspaper reporting on several Cincinnati papers; in 1853 became manager of a department on the Cincinnati “Commercial,” and subsequently part owner. In 1866 it was considered one of the most potent newspapers in the West. In 1890 he removed to Brooklyn, N. Y., and edited the “Union” newspaper. He wrote: “The Story of Cuba”; “Life of William McKinley”; “The Story of the Philippines”; “History of American Expansion”; “Life of Admiral Dewey”; “The Boer and British War”; etc. He died July 2, 1908.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Hamlet

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​HAMLET, the hero of Shakespeare's greatest tragedy, but without a figure originally historical, mythological, or partly both, still remains uncertain. The legend of Amleth is first found in the 3d and 4th books of the Latin history of Denmark by Saxo Grammaticus, written about the end of the 12th century, but first printed at Paris in 1514. The story of Hamlet was freely translated in the fifth volume of François de Belleforest's "Tragic Histories" (1570), and a rough but literal English translation of this exists in a single copy (once Edward Capell's) in the library of Trinity College, Cambridge, entitled "The Hystorie of Hamblet" (London, 1608; reprinted in Collier's "Shakespeare Library," 1841).
# Cicero And The Fall Of The Roman Republic

* related portals: Ancient Rome, Biography.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Commons category, quotes, Wikidata item.
Layout 2
heroes of the Nations.
EDITED BY
Evelyn Abbott, M.A.
FELLOW OF BALLIOL COLLEGE, OXFORD
FACTA DUCIS VIVENT, OPEROSAQUE GLORIA RERUM—OVID, IN LIVIAM, 265 THE HERO'S DEEDS AND HARD-WON FAME SHALL LIVE
CICERO
Taf. X
CICERO.
FROM A BUST NOW IN THE ROYAL GALLERY IN MADRID.
CICERO
AND
THE FALL OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC
BY
J. L. STRACHAN-DAVIDSON, M.A.
FELLOW OF BALLIOL COLLEGE, OXFORD.
G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS
NEW YORK LONDON
27 WEST TWENTY-THIRD STREET 24 BEDFORD STREET, STRAND
The Knickerbocker Press
1894
Copyright, 1894
BY
G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS
Entered at Stationers' Hall, London.
Electrotyped, Printed and Bound by
The Knickerbocker Press, New York
G. P. Putnam's Sons
CONTENTS.
ILLUSTRATIONS.
* ↑ Duruy's "History of Rome"
* ↑ Cohen and Fenardent, "Description Historique des Monnaies Frappées sous l' Empire Romain."
* ↑ Babelon's "Description des Monnaies de la République Romaine."
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Balsam (impatiens)

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​BALSAM, the common name of succulent plants of the genus impatiens, family balsaminaceæ, having beautiful irregular flowers, cultivated in gardens and greenhouses. Impatiens balsamina, a native of the East Indies, is a common cultivated species. Impatiens noli-me-tangere, grows wild in Great Britain, but is not native.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Balsam (substance)

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​BALSAM, an aromatic, resinous substance, flowing spontaneously or by incision from certain plants. A great variety of substances pass under this name. But in chemistry the term is confined to such vegetable juices as consist of resins mixed with volatile oils, and yield the volatile oil on distillation. The balsams are either liquid or more or less solid; as, for example, the Balm of Gilead, and the balsams of copaiba, Peru, and Tolu. The balsams are used in perfumery, medicine, and the arts.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Baltimore Bird

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​BALTIMORE BIRD, BALTIMORE ORIOLE, BALTIMORE HANG-NEST, or BALTIMORE, a bird of the family sturnidæ (starlings), and the sub-family oriolinæ (orioles). It is the oriolus baltimore of Catesby, now icterus baltimorii. The name Baltimore was applied, because its colors, black and orange, were the same as those on the coat of arms or livery of the Lord Baltimore who was formerly proprietor of Maryland.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Balmoral Castle

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​BALMORAL CASTLE, the Highland residence of Queen Victoria, now owned by King George, beautifully situated on the S. bank of the Dee, in the county of, and 45 miles W. of Aberdeen.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Bangor (Pennsylvania)

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​BANGOR, a borough of Pennsylvania, in Northampton co. It is on the Lackawanna, and Lehigh and New England railroads, and has important slate quarrying interests, silk mills, machine shops, and other industries. Pop. (1910) 5,369; (1920) 5,404.
Source: Collier's New Encyclopedia 1. (1921) New York: P.F. Collier & Son Company. 404.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Baltic Sea

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​BALTIC SEA, the great gulf or inland sea bordered by Denmark, Germany, Russia, and Sweden, and communicating with the Kattegat and North Sea by the Sound and the Great and Little Belts. Its length is from 850 to 900 miles; breadth, from 100 to 200; and area, including the Gulfs of Bothnia and Finland, 184,496 square miles, of which 12,753 are occupied by islands. Its shallowness and narrowness, its numerous islands and reefs, the shoal coasts of Prussia on the one side, and the rocky coast of Sweden on the other, make the navigation of the Baltic very dangerous. The group of the Aland Islands divides the S. part of the sea from the N. part or Gulf of Bothnia. The Gulf of Finland, branching off eastward into Russia, separates Finland from Esthonia. A third gulf is that of Riga or Livonia. The water of the Baltic is colder and clearer than that of the ocean, and contains only a fourth of the proportion of salt found in the Atlantic. Ice hinders the navigation of the Baltic from three to five months yearly. Upward of 250 rivers flow into this sea, which, through them and its lakes, drains rather less than one-fifth of all Europe, its drainage area being estimated as 717,000 square miles. The chief of these rivers are the Oder, Vistula, Niemen, Dwina, Narva, Neva; the waters of Lake Maeler, and those of Wetter and other lakes reach the sea through the river Motala. The principal islands are Zealand, Fünen, Bornholm, Samsöe, Laaland, Gottland, Oland, Hveen, the Aland Islands and Rügen. Timber, hides, tallow, and grain are the exports from the countries bordering on the Baltic.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Baltic Provinces

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​BALTIC PROVINCES, a term which comprehends the three former Russian governments bordering on the Baltic, viz., Courland, Livonia, Esthonia. Since the European War they are independent states. The Baltic provinces once belonged to Sweden, except Courland, which was a dependency of Poland. They came into the possession of Russia partly in the beginning of the 18th century, through the conquests of Peter the Great, partly under Alexander in 1809 They form, however, a borderland between the Germanic and Slavonic areas, and have been a frequent cause of difficulty between Germany and Russia. In 1905, the Letts and Esthonians revolted against the German land owners and Russian Government, when much property was destroyed. Area 35,614 square miles; pop. about 2,750,000.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Baltimore, George Calvert, Lord

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​BALTIMORE, GEORGE CALVERT, LORD, an English colonist, born in Yorkshire about 1580; was for some time Secretary of State to James I., but this post he resigned in 1624 in consequence of having become a Roman Catholic. He retained the confidence of the King, who, in 1625, raised him to the Irish peerage. He had previously obtained a grant of land in Newfoundland, but left it, obtaining another patent for Maryland. He died (1632) before the charter was completed, and it was granted to his son, Cecil.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Balmaceda, José Manuel

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​BALMACEDA, JOSÉ MANUEL, a Chilean statesman, born in 1840; early distinguished as a political orator; advocated in Congress separation of Church and State; as Premier, in 1884, introduced civil marriage; elected President in 1886. A conflict with the Congressional party, provoked by his alleged cruelties and official dishonesty, and advocacy of the claim of Signor Vicuna as his legally elected successor, resulted in Balmaceda's overthrow and suicide in 1891.
# Collins v. Thompson

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
63 U.S. 246
Collins v. Thompson
THIS was an appeal from the Circuit Court of the United States for the southern district of Alabama.
It was a bill filed by Collins, to set aside certain agreements, upon the ground that he had been imposed upon and deceived by Thompson and the other defendants in error.
The facts are all stated in the opinion of the court.
The Circuit Court dismissed the bill, and Collins appealed to this court.
It was argued by Mr. Sewall for the appellant, and by Mr. Smith and Mr. Benjamin for the appellees.
The arguments of the counsel upon both sides were almost exclusively directed to the evidence, and how far it sustained the charges of fraud brought by Collins against Thompson and the other appellees. To apply these arguments, it would be necessary to give at least an abstract of the evidence, which would throw no light upon any general questions of law or equity. They are therefore passed over.
Mr. Justice NELSON delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Collins v. Riggs/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
81 U.S. 491
Collins v. Riggs
It is clear that the criterion by which the amount tendered was gauged was incorrect. To redeem property which has been sold under a mortgage for less than the mortgage debt, it is not sufficient to tender the amount of the sale. The whole mortgage debt must be tendered or paid into court. The party offering to redeem proceeds upon the hypothesis that, as to him, the mortgage has never been foreclosed and is still in existence. Therefore he can only lift it by paying it. The money will be subject to distribution between the mortgagee and the purchaser, in equitable proportions, so as to reimburse the latter his purchase-money and pay the former the balance of his debt.
JUDGMENT AFFIRMED.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Collins v. Texas

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
223 U.S. 288
Collins v. Texas
Argued: January 25 and 26, 1912. --- Decided: February 19, 1912
Messrs. Millard Patterson and John F. Woodson for plaintiff in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 288-290 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Jewel P. Lightfoot, Attorney General of Texas, Messrs. James D. Walthall and C. E. Lane, Assistants to the Attorney General, and Messrs. James N. Wilkerson, Timothy J. Scofield, and Frank J. Loesch for defendant in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 290-294 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice Holmes delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Collins v. Porter

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
328 U.S. 46
Collins v. Porter
Argued: Feb. 26, 1946. --- Decided: April 22, 1946
The Supreme Court is powerless to decide a case if its decision cannot affect the rights of the litigants.
A decision of Emergency Court of Appeals sustaining validity of bulk whisky price regulations in a proceeding under section 204(e), on a complaint filed by stockholders of dissolved distillery corporation against Price Administrator by leave of district court in which enforcement proceeding was pending, did not render moot a judgment of Emergency Court dismissing complaint in proceeding under section 203(a) protesting validity of regulation, where decision in section 204(e) proceeding left the question of applicability of regulation to stockholders to district court in enforcement proceeding, and Emergency Court in the section 203(a) proceeding could rule on such question and its ruling, if made before district court rendered judgment, would be binding on district court. Emergency Price Control Act of 1942, §§ 203(a), 204(e), 205(e), as amended, 50 U.S.C.A.Appendix, §§ 923(a), 924(e), 925(e).
The 1944 amendment to Emergency Price Control Act authorizing a proceeding under section 204(e) questioning validity of price regulation by leave of district court in which enforcement proceeding is pending does not repeal or qualify protest proceeding under section 203(a), and the two modes of securing a hearing on validity and applicability of price regulation are cumulative and not alternative. Emergency Price Control Act of 1942, §§ 203(a), 204(e), as amended, 50 U.S.C.A.Appendix, §§ 923(a), 924(e).
Stockholders, in dissolved distilling corporation selling bulk whisky warehouse receipts received as their share of assets at a price in excess of maximum price regulation for bulk whisky, were 'persons subject to the regulation' within provision in Emergency Price Control Act permitting such persons to file a proceeding protesting validity of regulations, where stockholders would be liable for some $6,800,000 should their arguments as to invalidity of regulation be rejected when case is considered on the merits. Emergency Price Control Act of 1942, § 203(a), as amended, 50 U.S.C.A.Appendix, § 923(a).
Mr. Mac Asbill, of Washington, D.C., for etitioner.
Mr. Richard H. Field, of Washington, D.C., for respondent.
Mr. Justice FRANKFURTER delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse