OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vattel, Emeric de

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​VATTEL, EMERIC (Emer) DE (1714-1767) Swiss jurist, the son of a Protestant minister, was born at Couvet, in the principality of Neuchâtel, on the 25th of April 1714. He studied at Basel and Geneva. During his early years his favourite pursuit was philosophy; and, having carefully examined the works of G. W. Leibnitz and C. Wolff, he published in 1741 a defence of Leibnitz's system against J. P. de Crousaz. In the same year Vattel, who was born a subject of the king of Prussia, repaired to Berlin in the hope of obtaining some public employment from Frederick II., but was disappointed in his expectation. Two years later he proceeded to Dresden, where he experienced a very favourable reception from Count Brühl, the minister of Saxony. In 1746 he obtained from the elector, Augustus III., the title of councillor of embassy, accompanied with a pension, and was sent to Bern in the capacity of the elector's minister. His diplomatic functions did not occupy his whole time, and much of his leisure was devoted to literature and jurisprudence. Among other works he published Loisirs philosophiques (1747) and Mélanges de littérature, de morale, et de politique (1757). But his reputation chiefly rests on his Droit des gens, ou Principes de la loi naturelle appliqués à la conduite et aux affaires des nations et des souverains (Neuchâtel, 1758). During the same year he was recalled from Switzerland, to be employed in the cabinet of Dresden, and was soon afterwards honoured with the title of privy councillor. His labours now became so intense as to exhaust his strength, and his health broke down. After a period of rest he returned to Dresden in 1766; but his renewed exertions soon produced a relapse, and he made another excursion to Neuchâtel, where he died on the 28th of December 1767. His last work was entitled Questions de droit naturel, ou Observations sur le traité du droit de la nature, par Wolff (Bern, 1762).
Vattel's Droit des gens, which is founded on the works of Wolff, had in its day a great success, in truth, greater than it deserved. His principal and only merit consists in his having rendered the ideas of that author accessible to the political and diplomatic world. The Droit des gens passed through many editions, and was translated into various languages (English in 1760).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vasto

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​VASTO (anc. Histonium), a fortified town of the Abruzzi, Italy, in the province of Chieto, situated high on an olive-clad slope, about a mile from the Adriatic, 32 m. direct S.E. by E. of Chieti and 131 m. by rail from Ancona, 525 ft. above sea-level. Pop. (1901), 10,090 (town); 15,542 (commune). It is surrounded by medieval walls, and commands fine views extending to the Tremiti Islands and Monte Gargano. The churches of S. Pietro and S. Giuseppe have Gothic façades. There is a medieval castle. The municipal buildings contain a collection of Roman antiquities and inscriptions. There are manufactures of earthenware, woolen cloth and silk; but the inhabitants are chiefly employed in the culture of the olive and in fishing.
The ancient Histonium was a town of the Frentani, and an Oscan inscription of the period of its independence speaks of censors there, probably officers of the whole community of the Frentani (see R. S. Conway, Italian Dialects, i. 208, Cambridge, 1897). Though hardly mentioned in history, it was a flourishing municipal town under the Roman Empire, as is shown by the numerous inscriptions found there. One of these mentions its Capitolium or temple of Jupiter, Juno and Minerva. It lay on the line of the ancient road which prolonged the Via Flaminia to the S.E., and reached the coast here after having passed through Anxanum (Lanciano). It was, and still is, subject to severe earthquakes.
(T. As)
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vatke, Johann Karl Wilhelm

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​VATKE, JOHANN KARL WILHELM (1806-1882), German Protestant theologian, was born at Behndorf, near Magdeburg, on the 14th of March 1806. After acting as Privatdozent in Berlin, he was appointed in 1837 professor extraordinarius. Vatke was one of the founders of the newer Hexateuch criticism. In the same year in which David Strauss published his Life of Jesus, Vatke issued his book, Die Religion des Alten Testaments nach den kanonischen Büchern entwickelt, which contained the seeds of a revolution in the ideas held about the Old Testament. Since, however, his book was too philosophical to be popular, the author's theories were practically unnoticed for a generation, and the new ideas are now associated especially with the names of A. Kuenen and J. Wellhausen (qq.v.). He died on the 18th of April 1882.
His other works include: Die menschliche Freiheit in ihrem Verhältniss zur Sünde und zur göttlichen Gnade (1841), Historisch-kritische Einleitung in das Alte Testament (1886), and Religionsphilosophie (1888). See O. Pfleiderer, Development of Theology (1890), and T. K. Cheyne, Founders of Old Testament Criticism (1893).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vaughan, Charles John

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​VAUGHAN, CHARLES JOHN (1816–1897), English scholar and divine, was educated at Rugby and Cambridge, where he was bracketed senior classic with Lord Lyttelton in 1838. In 1839 he was elected fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and for a short time studied law. He took orders, however, in 1841, and became vicar of St Martin’s, Leicester. Three years later he was elected headmaster of Harrow. He resigned the headmastership in 1859 and accepted the bishopric of Rochester, but afterwards withdrew his acceptance. In 1880 he was appointed vicar of Doncaster. He was appointed master of the Temple in 1869, and dean of Llandaff in 1879. In 1894 he was elected president of University College, Cardiff, in recognition of the prominent part he took in its foundation. Vaughan was a well-known Broad Churchman, an eloquent preacher arid an able writer on theological subjects, his numerous works including lectures, commentaries and sermons; he was joint-author with the Rev. John Llewelyn Davies (b. 1826)—also a well-known Cambridge scholar and Broad Churchman—of a well-known translation of Plato’s Republic.
# Report of the Department of the Treasury on the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms Investigation of Vernon Wayne Howell Also Known as David Koresh September 1993/Table of Figures

TABLE OF FIGURES (Not currently available on related Wiki pages) Figure One: - Map depicting location of Compound and Mag Bag. Figure Two - Photograph of buried school bus used as firing range and bunker. Figure Three - Photograph of David Koresh and other Branch Davidians before Roden shoot-out. Figure Four - Photograph of Ammunition seized from Koresh after Roden shoot out. Figure Five - Photograph of Mag Bag taken after execution of search warrant. Figure Six - Photograph of AK-47 assault rifle. Figure Seven - Photograph of M-16 assault rifle. Figure Eight - Photograph of.50-caliber rifle. Figure Nine - Photograph of typical "pineapple" type grenades. Figure Ten - Illustration depicting undercover house, Compound, and hay barn. Figure Eleven - Photograph of main Compound Building (front side.) Figure Twelve - Photograph of rear of Compound. Figure Thirteen - Photograph of Mt. Carmel houses before construction of Compound. Figure Fourteen - Photograph of Mt. Carmel after construction of Compound before demolition of - houses. Figure Fifteen - Diagram of Compound's first level. Figure Sixteen - Diagram of Compound's second level. Figure Seventeen - Diagram of Compound's third and fourth levels. Figure Eighteen - Photograph of Compound designating pit. Figure Nineteen - Photograph of undercover house. Figure Twenty - Aerial photograph of command post at TSTC. Figure Twenty-One - Aerial photograph of Bellmead Civic Center, (staging area). Figure Twenty-Two - Side view of cattle trailer. Figure Twenty-Three - Rear view of cattle trailer. Figure Twenty-Four - Photograph indicating planned deployment for SRTs. Figure Twenty-Five - Diagram of communications network used for the raid. Figure Twenty-Six - Organizational chart of national response plan. Figure Twenty-Seven - Map depicting staging area, Mag Bag, Compound and road blocks. Figure Twenty-Eight - Map depicting location of media vehicles. Figure Twenty-Nine - Photograph of Kalashnikov rifle taken after April 19, 1993. Figure Thirty - Photograph of load-bearing ammunition vests, magazines, and military helmet taken after April 19, 1993. Figure Thirty-One - Photograph of Compound taken after February 28, 1993. Figure Thirty-Two - Photograph of Compound designating location of wounded agent Kenny King. Figure Thirty-Three - Gunshot related deaths and injuries sustained by ATF on February 28, 1993. Figure Thirty-Four - Non-gunshot related injuries sustained by ATF on February 28, 1993. Figure Thirty-Five - Deaths and injuries sustained by cult members on February 28, 1993. Figure Thirty-Six - Photograph of "pineapple" type grenade casings. Figure Thirty-Seven - Photograph of arms bunker with arsenal of assorted weapons. Figure Thirty-Eight - Photograph of remains of assault rifle. Figure Thirty-Nine - Photograph of remains of assault rifle. Figure Forty - Diagram depicting Rodriguez's undercover contacts with the Compound.
# Report of the Executive Committee of the Communist International

G. ZINOVIEV'S
REPORT
OF THE
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
OF THE
COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL
For 1920–1921.
Delivered at the Fourth Session of the Third Congress of the Communist International, on 25th June, 1921.
Price FOURPENCE.
GLASGOW: THE UNION PUBLISHING CO., 93 Great Western Road.
1921.
page
THE REPORT
OF THE
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
OF THE
COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL:
A SPEECH delivered by G. ZINOVIEV at the Third Congress of the Communist International, at Moscow, on June 25th, 1921.
GLASGOW: THE UNION PUBLISHING CO., 93 Great Western Road. 1921.
page
Zinoviev delivering the Report of the Executive Committee.
page
Printed by Kirkwood & Co., 427 Stockwell Street, Glasgow.
This work is a translation and has a separate copyright status to the applicable copyright protections of the original content.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Interlaced Arches

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​INTERLACED ARCHES, the term for a scheme of decoration employed in Romanesque and Gothic architecture, where arches are thrown from alternate piers, interlacing or intersecting one another. In the former case, the first arch mould is carried alternately over and under the second, in the latter the mouldings actually intersect and stop one another. An example of the former exists in St Peter’s in the East, Oxford, and of the latter in St Joseph’s chapel, Glastonbury, and in the cathedral of Bristol.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Interpleader

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​INTERPLEADER, in English law, the form of action by which a person who is sued at law by two or more parties claiming adversely to each other for the recovery of money or goods wherein he has no interest, obtains relief by procuring the rival claimants to try their rights between or among themselves only. Originally the only relief available to the possessor against such adverse claims was by means of a bill of interpleader in equity. The Interpleader Act 1831 enabled the defendant in such cases, on application to the court, to have the original action stayed and converted into a trial between the two claimants. The Common Law Procedure Act of 1860 further extended the power of the ​common law courts in interpleader; and the Judicature Act 1875 enacted that the practice and procedure under these two statutes should apply to all divisions of the High Court of Justice. The Judicature Act also extended the remedy of interpleader to a debtor or other person liable in respect of a debt alleged to be assigned, when the assignment was disputed. In 1883 the acts of 1831 and 1860 were embodied in the form of rules by the Rules of the Supreme Courts (1883), O. lvii. by reference to which all questions of interpleader in the High Court of Justice are now determined. The acts themselves were repealed by the Statute Law Revision Act of the same year. Interpleader is the equivalent of multiplepoinding in Scots law.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Interpellation

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​INTERPELLATION (from Lat. interpellare, to interrupt), a term meaning, in general, an interruption, more particularly used of a method of procedure adopted in some of the legislative chambers of continental Europe, especially those of France and Italy, and somewhat similar to that of a motion to adjourn the House in the British parliament. It was originally confined to the asking of a question, after due notice, on some affair of state. It is now, however, the chief means by which the policy or action of the ministry of the day is challenged. An interpellation can be brought on without the consent of the minister to be attacked; it is usually made the subject of a general debate, and generally ends with a vote of confidence or want of confidence in the ministry. The right of permitting or vetoing an interpellation rests with the chamber. In France a tendency has been growing among deputies to use the interpellation as a method of attack on or accusation against individual colleagues.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Interloper

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​INTERLOPER, one who interferes in affairs in which he has no concern. This word, with the verbal form “to interlope,” first appears at the end of the 16th and beginning of the 17th century in connexion with the interference of unauthorized persons in the trading monopoly of the Russia Company and later of the East India Company. The New English Dictionary quotes from H. Lane (1590), Hakluyt’s Voyages, “From those parts the Muscovites were furnished out of Dutchland by enterlopers with all arts and artificers and had few or none by us,” and also from the Minutes of the Court of the East India Company, 22nd of February 1615, “to examine all suspected personnes that intend interlopinge into the East Indies or Muscovy.” Edward Phillips (New World of Words, 1658) defines interlopers at common law as those “that without legal authority intercept the trade of a company, as it were Interleapers.” The word appears to be of English origin, for the Dutch enterlooper, smuggler, often given as the source, was taken from English, as was the French interlope. The word is a compound of inter, between, and lope, a dialectal variant of “leap.” A common word for a vagrant, or “straggler,” as it is defined, was till 1580 “landloper,” and the combination of “straggler” and “interloper” is found in Horsey’s Travels (Hakluyt Soc.), 1603–1627, “all interlopers and straglyng Englishmene lyving in that country.”
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Interlaken

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​INTERLAKEN, a Swiss town (1864 ft.) in the canton of Berne, situated on the flat plain (Bödeli) between the lakes of Brienz (E.) and of Thun (W.), and connected by steamer, as well as by railway (171/2 m.) with the town of Thun. It is built on the left bank of the Aar, and grew up around the religious house of Austin Canons, founded about 1130 and suppressed in 1528. In the surviving buildings of the convent religious services (Anglican, Scottish Presbyterian and French Protestant) are now held, while the more modern castle is occupied by offices of the Cantonal Government. The fine and well-shaded avenue called the Höheweg runs through the main portion of the town, and is lined on the north side by a succession of huge hotels and the large Kursaal. Interlaken is much frequented in summer, partly because of the glorious view of the Jungfrau (13,669 ft.) which it commands to the south, and partly because it is the best starting-point for many excursions, as to Schynige Platte, Lauterbrunnen and Grindelwald. The lines serving these places all start from the eastern railway station (that from Thun reaches the western or main railway station), whence steamers depart for the Giessbach Falls, Brienz and Meiringen, on the way to Lucerne or to the Grimsel Pass. In 1900 the population of Interlaken was 2962 (mainly Protestant and German-speaking). Opposite Interlaken, and on the right bank of the Aar is Unterseen (in 1900, 2607 inhabitants), which was built in 1280 by Berthold von Eschenbach.
See Fontes rerum Bernensium (original documents up to 1366) (8 vols., Berne, 1883–1903); Die Regesten des Klosters zu Interlaken (Coire, 1849); E. Tatarinoff, Die Entwickelung der Probstei Interlaken im XIII. Jahrhundert (Schaffhausen, 1892). (W. A. B. C.)
# Sanchez v. Deering

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
270 U.S. 227
Sanchez v. Deering
Argued: Jan. 14, 1926. --- Decided: March 1, 1926
Mr. Wm. W. Dewhurst, of St. Augustine, Fla., for
appellants.
Mr. F. M. Hudson, of Miami, Fla., for appellee.
Mr. Justice McREYNOLDS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Sancho v. Texas Company

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United States Supreme Court
308 U.S. 463
Sancho v. Texas Company
Argued: Dec. 11, 1939. --- Decided: Jan 2, 1940
Mr. Wm. Cattron Rigby, of Washington, D.C., for petitioner.
Messrs. Jerrold H. Ruskin and Lionel P. Marks, both of New York City, for respondent.
Mr. Justice DOUGLAS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Sanchez v. United States (397 U.S. 320)

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* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
397 U.S. 320
Sanchez v. United States (397 U.S. 320)
Alfred M. Carvajal, for petitioner.
Solicitor General Griswold, for the United States.
On Petition for Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Sanchez v. United States (397 U.S. 320)/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Per Curiam Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
397 U.S. 320
Sanchez v. United States (397 U.S. 320)
The motion for leave to proceed in forma pauperis is granted. Upon consideration of the suggestion of the Solicitor General and upon examination of the entire record, the petition for a writ of certiorari is granted insofar as it seeks review of the judgment of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit affirming petitioner's conviction on Count 3 of the indictment charging a violation of 26 U.S.C. § 4704. The judgment of the Court of Appeals with respect to Count 3 is vacated and the case is remanded to the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida with directions to dismiss Count 3 of the indictment. The petition for a writ of certiorari is otherwise denied.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Sanchez v. United States

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This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Sanchez v. United States (216 U.S. 167)
* Sanchez v. United States (397 U.S. 320)
See also United States v. Sanchez.
# Sanchez v. United States (216 U.S. 167)

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
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United States Supreme Court
216 U.S. 167
Sanchez v. United States
Argued: January 11, 1910. --- Decided: February 21, 1910
Mr. S. Mallet-Prevost for appellant.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 167-170 intentionally omitted]
Assistant Attorney General Thompson and Mr. Franklin W. Collins for appellee.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 170-171 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice Harlan delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Salomon v. State Tax Commission of New York Simonson

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United States Supreme Court
278 U.S. 484
Salomon v. State Tax Commission of New York Simonson
Argued: Nov. 28, 1928. --- Decided: Feb 18, 1929
Messrs. Charles Angulo and Edward H. Blanc, both of New York City, for plaintiffs in error Salomon's executors.
Mr. Abraham L. Gutman, of New York City, for plaintiff in error Simonson's executors.
Messrs. Seth T. Cole, of Albany, N. Y., and A. Welles Stump, of New York City, for defendant in error.
Mr. Justice BRANDEIS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Salomon v. United States/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
86 U.S. 17
Salomon v. United States
Whether we regard the delivery made in October as made under a verbal extension of the time stipulated in the original contract, or consider it as a new transaction in which the government received and took possession of the corn, and used part of it and permitted the remainder to be injured in its hands, we think the claimant is equally entitled to be paid for it.
The act of 1862, requiring contracts for military supplies to be in writing, is not infringed by the proper officer having charge of such matter, accepting delivery of such supplies after the day stipulated, nor is a verbal agreement to extend the time of performance invalid.
And if this were not so, when the quartermaster in charge receives of a person corn for the government, gives a receipt and voucher for the amount and the price, and the government uses such part of it as it wants, and suffers the remainder to decay by exposure and neglect, there is an implied contract to pay the value of such corn, which value may, in the absence of other testimony, be presumed to be the price fixed in the voucher by the quartermaster.
JUDGMENT REVERSED, with directions to enter a judgment for claimant for the
AMOUNT OF THE SAID VOUCHER.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse