OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Geräusch

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​ Geräusch, n., ‘entrails of slaughtered animals,’ from the equiv. late MidHG. ingeriusche; origin obscure.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Papagei

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Papagei | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Papagei, w., from the equiv. MidHG. papagey, most frequently papegân, m., ‘parrot’; corresponding to Du. papagaai, E. popinjay (MidE. pǫ̂pejai); borrowed from the equiv. Rom. cognates, espec. from OFr. papegai (Ital. pappagallo). The origin of these words is not yet determined; they are most probably derived from Arab. babaghâ.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Pappel

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​ Pappel (1.), f., from the equiv. MidHG. papel, papele, f., OHG. (MidLat.) papula, 1, ‘mallow.’ Of obscure origin; probably cognate orig. with Pappel (2).
Pappel (2.), f., from the equiv. MidHG. papel, popel, f., ‘poplar,’ Lat. pôpulus (Fr. peuplier), with the MidLat. variant papulus; from the Fr. form (OFr. poplier) are derived the equiv. Du. populier and E. poplar (MidE. popler). In the Rom. class. Lat. populus was changed in many curious ways in most of the dials.; comp. Ital. pioppo (from *ploppus for populus). Since the HG. form is closely connected with the Lat., it must have been introduced by scholars, probably in the MidHG. period.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Papst

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Papst | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Papst, Pabst, m., ‘pope,’ from MidHG. bâbes, and with an excrescent t (see Obst and Palast), bâbest; OHG. bâbes first occurs about 1000 A.D. (in Notker); from the equiv. Lat. pâpa. The initial and medial b in OHG. and MidHG. in contrast to Lat. p may be compared with bëch, balme, bapel, and their variants pëch, palme, papel, in MidHG. The s of the OHG. form bâbes (earlier *bâbas?) is both strange and difficult to explain; comp. OSlov. papežĭ, borrowed from it. This Latin Church word, which passed into G. at a late period, cannot be connected with ModGr. πάππας (comp. Pfaffe); most of the corresponding Rom. words have, however, no s (Ital. papa, Fr. pape). Yet OFr. has sometimes pape-s instead of pape, with an inorganic s in the nom. (comp. Pfau), for in OFr. numerous mascs. in a could take an s in the nom. (poetes from poeta, prophetes from propheta, hermites from eremita, homicides from homicida, &c.). In MidEuropean Ger. this form in s afterwards constituted the stem; besides OHG. bâbes comp. also Du. paus (from OLG. and ODu. pavos, recorded even in the 9th cent.). The LG. form seems to have passed in the 10th cent. to the south of Germany. OIc. páfe was probably formed under the influence of AS. pâpa (Lat. pâpa), E. pope. Moreover, MidLat. pâpa was a respectful term used in addressing bishops, and since Leo the Great a title of the Roman pope, and also since Hierocles the title of the patriarch of Alexandria. Gregory VII. decreed in 1075 the exclusive right of the Roman pontifex to the title papa. The fact that AS. has preserved the Lat. word in a purer form is explained by its having been borrowed at an earlier period.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Pantoffel

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​ Pantoffel, m., ‘slipper,’ first occurs in early ModHG., from Ital. pantofola (Fr. pantoufle), the origin of which has not yet been explained.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Pardel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Pardel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Pardel, Parder, m., from the equiv. MidHG. parde, OHG. pardo, m., ‘panther, leopard’; borrowed from Lat. pardus; MidHG. variant part (pardes), m.; the l or rather r of the ModHG. form is due to Gr. and Lat. pardalis.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Panther

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Panther | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Panther, m., from the equiv. MidHG. panter, pantel, n., ‘panther,’ late OHG. panthera, f., formed from Lat. panther, panthera.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Panzer

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Panzer | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Panzer, m., from the equiv. MidHG. panzer, panzier, m., ‘coat of mail,’ from Ital. panciera, MidLat. pancerea, ‘coat of mail,’ which is connected with Ital. pancia, ‘belly, body’ (Fr. panse, whence also MidHG. and ModHG. dial. Panse, ‘belly’), and signifies lit. ‘the part of the armour covering the abdomen.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Papier

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Papier | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Papier, n., ‘paper,’ from late MidHG. papier, n., which: is derived from Lat. and Gr. papyrum, whence also the Rom. cognate, Fr. papier (E. paper).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Pappe

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Pappe | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Pappe, f., ‘pap, paste,’ from MidG. and LG.; comp. Du. and E. pap; MidHG. (MidG.) pap, peppe, ‘pap.’ It is usually derived from Ital. and MidLat. pappa, ‘pap,’ allied to Lat. pappare, ‘to eat.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Paradies

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Paradies | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Paradies, n., ‘paradise,’ from MidHG. paradîse, paradîs, pardîs (its accent fluctuates), n., OHG. paradîsi, paradîs, n. (MidHG. î explains the earlier ModHG. Paradeis). It corresponds to OSax. paradîs, Du. paradijs, MidE. paradise; the cognates are derived from the biblical and ecclesiastical paradîsus, παράδεισος (prop. ‘pleasure-ground, park’), which again is of Pers. origin. Comp. Zend pairidaeza, ‘rampart, enclosure.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/klauben

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry klauben. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ klauben, verb, ‘to pick or dig out, cull, from Middle High German klûben, Old High German chlûbôn, ‘to pluck to pieces, cleave’; Goth *klûbôn is wanting. The Teutonic root klū̆b anciently formed another verb; see klieben, under which further references are given.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/kleiben

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry kleiben. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ kleiben, verb, ‘to stick, glue,’ from Middle High German and Old High German kleiben, ‘to fix firmly, fasten,’ properly ‘to cause to adhere or hold on'; a causative of the verb klîben, obsolete in Modern High German and rarely found even in Middle High German Old High German chlîban, Old Saxon biklîƀan, ‘to cleave, adhere.’ Old Icelandic klífa, ‘to climb,’ proves the connection of Modern High German klimmen (which see) with the root klī̆b, klī̆f, ‘to cleave (to),’ from pre-Teutonic glī̆p (Teutonic f in Swiss χlefe, ‘box on the ear.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/klempern

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry klempern. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ klempern, verb, ‘to tinkle,’ Modern High German simply, allied to Middle High German klamben, klampfern, ‘to clamp’; Klempner, ‘tinker,’ also Modern High German simply, allied to the equivalent Middle High German klampfer.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/kitzeln

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry kitzeln. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ kitzeln, verb, ‘to tickle,’ from the equivalent Middle High German kitzeln, kützeln, Old High German chizzilôn, chuzzilôn; compare Middle Low German ketelen, Old Icelandic kitla; Anglo-Saxon cytelian (English to kittle) is based on the primary form *kutilôn. English to tickle, Middle English tikelen, is based on a transposition of consonants in the root kit (so too Alemannian zicklen, ‘to provoke’); compare Essig, Fieber, Kabeljau, and Ziege. The Teutonic root kit, kut, ‘to tickle,’ seems to have been coined anew in Teutonic on an onomatopoetic basis; hence the Old High German variants chizzilôn, chuzzilôn. In cognate languages similar correspondences are formed anew; compare Lettic kutēt, ‘to tickle.’ The substantive Kitzel, masculine, ‘tickling,’ first occurs in Modern High German and is formed from the verb; compare Handel.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/klaterig

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry klaterig. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ klaterig, adjective, ‘slovenly,’ a Low German word; properly ‘dirty and wet’ (of the weather), then used especially in a figurative sense; compare Low German klaten, ‘dirt, dung,’ allied to Kladde.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/kleben

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry kleben. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ kleben, verb, ‘to cleave (to),’ from Middle High German klëben, Old High German chlëbên, verb, ‘to cleave, adhere, hold on’ (for ë from Teutonic and Aryan ĭ compare Quecksilber, leben, verwesen, &c.); corresponding to Old Saxon kliƀôn, Anglo-Saxon cleofian, English to cleave; Gothic *klibôn is wanting; Scandinavian klifa has only the figurative sense ‘to cling to,’ i.e., ‘to repeat.’ A common Teutonic verb meaning ‘to cleave (to),’ formed from the weakest vowel stage of the Teutonic root klī̆b (see kleiben).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/klar

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry klar. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ klar, adjective, ‘clear, bright; evident,’ from Middle High German. klâr, ‘bright, pure, beautiful’; adopted in Middle High German from Latin clârus; English clear, Middle English clêr, is borrowed from French clair.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/klatsch

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry klatsch. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ klatsch, ‘clap,’ onomatopoetic interjection, Modern High German simply; allied to onomatopoetic cognates for ‘to resound’; compare Dutch kletsen, ‘to crack a whip,’ English to clash.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/klabastern

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry klabastern. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ klabastern, verb, ‘to run noisily,’ Modern High German only; originally a Low German term; in consequence of the entire absence of the word in the earlier periods of the languages its origin is dubious; it is most probably akin to Old High German klaphôn, Middle High German klaffen, ‘to clatter’; Anglo-Saxon clappian, English to clap.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/klein

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry klein. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ klein, adjective, ‘little,’ from Middle High German klein, kleine, adjective, ‘clean, pretty, fine, prudent, slender, lean, little, insignificant'; Old High German chleini, ‘pretty, shining, neat, careful, slight’ (Alemannian dialects point to an Old High German variant *chlîni). Anglo-Saxon clœ̂ne, adjective, ‘clean, neat,’ English clean, proves that ‘pretty, clean,’ is the primary idea of the various senses of the Middle High German word (compare Schmach). Scandinavian klénn was borrowed at a late period from English, Low German, or Frisian Gothic *klai-ni- is wanting; the nasal belongs, as in several other adjectives. (see rein and schön), to the suffix. It is uncertain whether the root is to be connected with Greek γλαι-όι ‘greasy, sticky oil,’ and its cognates, discussed under Klei (the meanings ‘to shine, cleave (to)' interchange, e.g., in the root λιπ, Greek λιπα, λίπαρέω, λιπος, λιπαρός). Greek γλήμη, neuter, ‘wonders, ornaments,’ and γλήη, ‘pupil (of the eye),’ are, however, both on account of their forms and meanings, still less allied. —
# An Enquiry into the Present State of Polite Learning in Europe/Chapter 9

CHAP. IX.
Of learning in Great Britain.
To acquire a character for learning among the English at present, it is necessary to know much more than is either important or useful. The absurd passion of being deemed profound, has done more injury to all kinds of science, than is generally imagined. Some thus exhaust their natural sagacity in exploring the intricacies of another man's thought, and have never found leisure to think for themselves; others have carried on learning from that stage, where the good sense of our ancestors thought it too minute or too speculative to instruct or amuse. By the industry of such, the sciences ​fciences which in themselves are easy of access, affright the learner with the severity of their appearance. He sees them surrounded with speculation and subtilty, placed there by their professors as if with a view of deterring his approach. From hence it happens, that the generality of readers fly from the scholar to the compiler, who offers them a more safe and speedy conveyance.
From this fault also arises that mutual contempt between the scholar and the man of the world, of which every day's experience furnisheth instances.
The man of taste, however, stands neuter in this controversy, he seems placed in a middle station, between the world and the cell, between learning and common ​sense. He teaches the vulgar on what part of a character to lay the emphasis of praise, and the scholar where to point his application so as to deserve it. By his means, even the philosopher, acquires popular applause, and all that are truly great the admiration of posterity. By means of polite learning alone, the patriot and the hero, the man who praiseth virtue, and he who practices it, who fights successfully for his country, or who dies in its defence, become immortal.
Let none affect to despise future fame, the actions of even the lowest part of mankind testify a desire of this kind. Wealth, titles, and several paltry advantages, are secured for posterity, who can only give their applause in return. If all ranks, therefore, are inspired with this passion, ​how great should his encouragement be, who is capable of conferring it not only upon the most deserving, but even upon the age in which he lives?
Yet this honest ambition of being admired by posterity, cannot be gratified without continual efforts in the present age to deserve it. For if the rewards of genius are improperly directed; if those who are capable of supporting the honour of the times by their writings, prefer opulence to fame; if the stage should be shut to writers of merit, and open only to interest or intrigue. If such should happen to be the vile complexion of the times, the very virtues of the age will be forgotten by posterity; and nothing remembered, except our filling a chasm in the registers of time, or having served to continue the species.
# An Enquiry into the Present State of Polite Learning in Europe/Chapter 4

CHAP. IV.
A parallel between the rise and decline of ancient and modern learning.
Few subjects have been more frequently and warmly debated, than the comparative superiority of the ancients and moderns. It is unaccountable how a dispute, so trifling, could be contested with so much virulence. A dispute of this nature, could have no other consequences, if decided, but to teach young writers to despise the one side or the other. A dispute, therefore, which, if determined, might tend rather to prejudice our taste, than improve it, should have been argued with good nature, as it could not with success. For mere critics to be guilty of such scholastic rage, is not un​common, but for men of the first rank of fame to be delinquent also, is, I own, surprizing.
The reflecting reader need scarcely be informed, that this contested excellence can be decided in favour of neither. They have both copied from different originals, described the manners of different ages, have exhibited nature as they found her, and both are excellent in separate imitations. Homer describes his Gods as his countrymen believed them. Virgil, in a more enlightened age, describes his with a greater degree of respect; and Milton still rises infinitely above either. The machinery of Homer is best adapted to an unenlightened idolator; that of the Roman poet, to a more refined heathen; and that of Milton, to a reader illuminated by re​velation. Had Homer wrote like Milton, his countrymen would have despised him; had Milton adopted the theology of the ancient bard, he had been truly ridiculous. Again, should I depreciate Plautus for not enlivening his pieces with the characters of a coquet, or a marquis, so humourous in modern comedy; or Moliere, for not introducing a legal bawd, or a parasitical boaster, so highly finished in the Roman poet; my censure in either case would be as absurd as his, who should dislike a geoprapher for not introducing more rivers, or promontories, into a country, than nature had given it; or the natural historian, for not enlivening his description of a dead landscape with a torrent, a cataract, or a volcano.
​The parallel between antiquity and our selves can thrrefore be managed to advantage only by comparing the rise and progress of ancient and modern learning together, so that being appriz'd of the causes of corruption in one, we may be upon our guard against any similar depravations in the other.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/hauen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/hauen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ hauen, vb. ‘to hew, chop, carve,’ from MidHG. houwen, OHG. houwan (MidHG. houwen, OHG. houwôn), ‘to hew’; comp. OSax. hauvan, AS. heáwan, E. to hew, OIc. hǫggva; Goth. *haggwan, a redupl. vb., is wanting; Teut. hauw, haw, from pre-Teut. kow; not allied to κόπτω, but to OSlov. kovą, kovati, ‘to forge,’ Lith. káuju (káuti), ‘to strike, forge,’ kovà, ‘combat.’ Comp. Hacke, Heu, Hieb. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/harsch

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/harsch | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ harsch, adj., ‘hard, rough,’ ModHG. simply; E. harsh (‘bitter, severe’); unknown to AS., OHG., and OIc. Clearly a derivative of hart; comp. rasch, allied to grade, Goth. *rasqa- to raþa-, ‘quick’ (OHG. rado), OIc. horskr, ‘quick,’ to AS. hrade, OIc. beiskr, ‘bitter,’ to Goth. bait-ra-; hence Goth. hardus, ‘hard,’ perhaps presupposes *harsks, *harsqs. Yet it might also be connected with Ic. hörtl, ‘hardness of the frozen ground’; ModHG. Harsch, ‘snow-crust,’ dial. But hart (‘hard’) alone suffices to elucidate this latter sense, as is shown by OHG. hęrtemânôt, MidHG. hęrtemânot, ‘hard month,’ applied to December and January. See the following word.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/heften

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/heften | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ heften, vb., ‘to stitch,’ from MidHG. and OHG. heften, ‘to fasten.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/hart

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/hart | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ hart, adj. ‘hard, stiff, severe, stern, difficult, hard by,’ from MidHG. hęrte, hart, adj. (harte, adv.; comp. fast, adv., allied to fest, schon to schön, &c.), ‘hard, firm, difficult, painful,’ OHG. hęrti, harti, hart, adj. (harto, adv.), ‘hard’; comp. AS. heard, ‘hard, strong, brave,’ E. hard (hardy is probably derived directly from Rom. — Fr. hardi, which, however, is a derivative of G. hart), Goth. hardus, adj., ‘hardy, severe.’ A common Teut. adj. from pre-Teut. kartús; comp. Gr. κρατύς, ‘strong, powerful, potentate,’ καρτερός, κρατερύς, ‘strong, staunch, mighty, violent,’ adv., κάρτα, ‘very strongly’ (OHG. harto, adv., ‘very, extremely’); allied perhaps to Sans. krátu-s, m., ‘force, strength’ (root kar, ‘to do, make’), or however to Lith. kartùs, ‘bitter’ (root kṛt, ‘to cut, split’). Others compare Sans. çárdha-s, ‘bold, strong,’ to the Teut. adj.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/haschen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/haschen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ haschen, vb., ‘to snatch,’ a MidG. word made current by Luther, unknown to the modern UpG. dialects as well as to OHG., MidHG., and all other languages. Probably connected with haft, heben, root haf (Lat. capio); Goth. *hafskón, ‘to seize,’ must have become *haskôn in G., just as Goth. haifsts, f., ‘quarrel, fight,’ has become the OHG. adj. heisti, ‘violent’; comp. OHG. forscôn, ‘to demand,’ for *forhskôn, Goth. waúrstw, ‘work, for *waúrhstw. Comp. harsch, Hast, Hauste.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/hauchen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/hauchen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ hauchen, vb., ‘to breathe, respire, exhale,’ from MidHG. (rare) hûchen, ‘to breathe,’ an UpG. word; perhaps recently coined in imitation of the sound. Cognate terms are wanting.