# The World Factbook (1982)/Kenya
## KENYAKENYA

* (See reference map VII)

### LANDLAND

583,750 km$^2$; about 21% forest and woodland, 13% suitable for agriculture, 66% mainly grassland adequate for grazing (1971)
Land boundaries: 3,368 km

### WATERWATER

Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm; exclusive economic zones 200 nm)
Coastline: 536 km

### PEOPLEPEOPLE

Population: 17,832,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 4.1%
Nationality: noun—Kenyan(s); adjective—Kenyan
Ethnic divisions: 97% native African (including Bantu. Nilotic, Hamitic and Nilo-Hamitic); 2% Asian; 1% European, Arab, and others
Religion: 56% Christian, 36% animist, 7% Muslim, 1% Hindu
Language: English and Swahili official; each tribe has own language
Literacy: 27%
Labor force: 5.4 million; about 900,000, in monetary economy
Organized labor: about 390,000

### GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT

Official name: Republic of Kenya
Type: republic within Commonwealth since December 1963
Capital: Nairobi
Political subdivisions: 7 provinces plus Nairobi area
Legal system: based on English common law, tribal law and Islamic law; constitution enacted 1963; judicial review in Supreme Court; legal education at Kenya School of Law in Nairobi; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
National holiday: 12 December
Branches: President and Cabinet responsible to unicameral legislature (National Assembly) of 170 seats, 158 directly elected by constituencies and 12 appointed by the President; Assembly must be reelected at least every five years; High Court, with Chief Justice and at least 11 justices, has unlimited original jurisdiction to hear and determine any civil or criminal proceeding; provision for systems of courts of appeal
Government leader: President Daniel T. arap MOI
Suffrage: universal over age 21
Elections: general election (held November 1979) elected present National Assembly and President
Political party and leaders: Kenya Africa National Union (KANU), president, Daniel arap Moi
Voting strength: KANU holds all seats in the National Assembly
Communists: may be a few Communists and sympathizers
Other political or pressure groups: labor unions
Member of: AFDB, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ISO, ITU, IWC—International Wheat Council, NAM, OAU, UN, UNDP, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

### ECONOMYECONOMY

GDP: $4.3 billion (1980), $340 per capita; real average annual growth rate, 4.8% (1970-78)
Agriculture: main cash crops—coffee, sisal, tea, pyrethrum, cotton, livestock; food crops—corn, wheat, sugar-cane, rice, cassava; largely self-sufficient in food
Major industries: small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, soap, agricultural processing, cigarettes, flour), oil refining, cement, tourism
Electric power: 481,000 kW capacity (1981); 1.5 billion kWh produced (1981), 90 kWh per capita
Exports: $1,168.8 million (f.o.b., 1980); coffee, tea, live-stock products, pyrethrum, soda ash, wattle-bark tanning extract
Imports: $2,233.7 million (c.i.f., 1980); machinery, transport equipment, crude oil, paper and paper products, iron and steel products, and textiles
Major trade partners: EC, Japan, Iran, US, Zambia, Uganda
Budget: (1978/79) revenues $1,582.5 million; current expenditures $1,399.1 million; development expenditures $635.9 million
External public debt: $2.2 billion, 1980 external debt ratio 15%
Monetary conversion rate: 9.01 Kenya shillings=US$1 (1981)
Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June

## COMMUNICATIONSCOMMUNICATIONS

Railroads: 2,040 km meter gauge (1.00 m)
Highways: 52,250 km total; 5,542 km paved, 16,500 km gravel, 29,550 km improved earth, remainder unimproved earth
Inland waterways: part of Lake Victoria and Lake Rudolph systems are within boundaries of Kenya
Pipelines: refined products, 483 km
Ports: 1 major (Mombasa)
Civil air: 13 major transport aircraft, including 2 leased in
Airfields: 216 total, 194 usable; 12 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m, 4 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 43 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications: in top group of African systems; consists of radio-relay links, open-wire lines, and radiocommunication stations; 168,200 telephones (1.1 per 100 popl.); 9 AM, 2 FM, and 4 TV stations; Atlantic and Indian Ocean satellite service from 1 station

### DEFENSE FORCESDEFENSE FORCES

Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,463,000; 2,130,000 fit for military service; no conscription
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1980, $168.6 million; about 8% of central government budget