OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Albini, William de (d.1176)

​ALBINI (Pincerna), WILLIAM de, Earl of Arundel (d. 1176), was son of William de Albini Pincerna (the Butler), lord of Buckenham, Norfolk, by Maud, daughter of Roger le Bigod [see Bigod, Roger le]. He is said to have been surnamed ‘with the strong hand,’ a sobriquet that may have suggested the story of the Lion (Dugdale) invented to account for his family arms. Between 1135 and 1139 (Chron. Norm.) he married Adeliza, widow of Henry I [see Adeliza ​of Louvain], and became, in right of her life interest, lord of the castle and honour of Arundel. With her he received Matilda on her landing 30 Sept. 1139 (Gervase, Rolls Ser. i. 110), but was ever after faithful to Stephen, from whom, probably, he received his earldom, which would seem to have been that of the county of Sussex, though also described as of ‘Chichester,’ from its capital, and of ‘Arundel,’ from the earl's residence (First Report on the Dignity of a Peer [1829]; Tierney's Arundel, i. 101 et seq.; Madox's Baronage, p. 23; Nicolas's Synopsis [ed. Courthope], pp. 28, 464; Journ. Brit. Arch. Ass. xxiii. 25–27). On Henry landing in 1153 and facing Stephen at Wallingford, he was foremost in proposing and arranging a truce (Gervase, i. 154, ii. 76), and he was subsequently one of the witnesses to the final composition between them (Rymer, Fœdera, i. 25). On the accession of Henry II (1154) he was confirmed in his earldom of Sussex, and was given in fee the honour of Arundel, which he had previously only held for his wife's life. In November 1164 he was despatched with other magnates on an embassy to Louis VII and to the pope (Gervase, i. 190, 193) with reference to Becket's appeal, and in 1167 was selected by the king (R. Diceto) to escort his daughter into Germany on her marriage with Henry of Saxony (1168). Upon the revolt of Prince Henry he declared for the king, and served under him in the French campaign of August 1173. The Earl of Leicester having landed in Suffolk with his Flemings, 29 Sept. 1173, Arundel, with the Earls of Cornwall and Gloucester, marched against the invading forces, and, joining the justiciar and constable near Bury St. Edmund's, assisted in the defeat of Leicester (17 Oct.). The earl died at Waverley 12 Oct. 1176 (Ann. Wav.).
J. H. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Albini, William de (d.1236)

1904 Errata appended.
​ALBINI, or AUBENEY, WILLIAM de (d. 1236), baronial leader, was grandson of the preceding, and son of William de Albini ‘Meschin,’ whom he succeeded in 1167–8. He was sheriff of Rutland and other counties under Richard, and served as an itinerant justice in 1199, and on several occasions in John's reign. In the conflict between the crown and the baronage, he joined the moderate or middle section, who remained in attendance on the king till the eve of the Charter, but went over to the extreme party on their obtaining possession of London (24 May 1215). Accompanying them to Runnymede (15 June), he was elected one of the twenty-five barons of the Charter (Matt. Paris), but then withdrew to his castle of Belvoir, and, though included by name in the excommunication of the barons, refused to attend the Hounslow tournament (6 July). Prevailed upon, in the autumn, to return, he was placed in charge of Rochester, but was compelled after a gallant defence (11 Oct. to 30 Nov.) to surrender it to John, who instantly committed him to prison, and was narrowly dissuaded from hanging him (Gervase, Rolls Ser. ii. 110). In the following year (1216) he regained his liberty and estates by a fine of 6,000 marks, and, embracing the royal cause at the accession of Henry, was entrusted with a command at the battle of Lincoln (19 May 1217), and was subsequently high in favour. In 1219 and 1225 he again acted as an itinerant justice, and died in May 1236.
J. H. R.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.4 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 234 | ii | 18 | Albini, William de: for the preceding read William de Albini (Brito) d. 1155-6 [q. v.] |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Alchfrith

​ ALCHFRITH (fl. 655) was the son of Oswiu, king of the Northumbrians, and Eanflæd, daughter of Eadwine. When, by the overthrow of Oswini of Deira, Oswiu became king of all Northumbria, he made Alchfrith under-king of the Deirans. Alchfrith married Cyneburh, daughter of Penda, the heathen king of the Mercians. When Peada, the brother of Cyneburh, sought Alchflæd, the sister of Alchfrith, in marriage, Alchfrith brought him to accept christianity, which was the condition of his being allowed to win his bride. In spite of his connection with the royal house of Northumbria, Penda made another fierce incursion into that kingdom. Alchfrith joined his father and met the invaders, in 655, near the river Winwæd. The Mercian host greatly outnumbered the small army of the Northumbrian kings, but it was utterly routed and Penda was slain in the battle. Alchfrith took a prominent part in the struggle between the Celtic and Roman churches. His mother Eanflæd, on the defeat and death of her father, was taken for refuge to Kent, the kingdom of her mother's brother. There she was brought up in the practices of the Roman church. She still adhered to these practices after her return to Northumbria and her marriage to Oswiu, who followed the teaching of the Irish missionaries. Alchfrith at first favoured the Celtic teachers, and at his bidding Eata, the abbot of Melrose, founded the monastery of Ripon, where for a while Cuthbert dwelt. The influence, however, of his mother Eanflæd was strong. She had already sent Wilfrith, who was discontented with Lindiafame, to the court of Kent. Benedict Biscop had already left Northumbria for Rome, and Alchfrith made a vow that he also would make the same pilgrimage. This vow was not fulfilled, but when Wilfrith came back from his visit to Gaul, Alchfrith took him for his teacher and definitely joined the Roman party. He gave Wilfrith the monastery of Ripon, and the new abbot drove Cuthbert and his fellows away. The cause of the dispossessed monks was taken up by Colman, bishop of Lindisfarne. Alchfrith sent for Agilberct, the Frankish bishop of the West Saxons, to help the Roman party, and caused him to ordain his friend Wilfrith priest in the monastery of Ripon. Alchfrith was present at the synod held at Whitby in 664, where Colman and his Irish brethren were defeated by the defection of Oswiu to the Roman party. In the course of the same year Alchfrith, by the advice of his father, sent Wilfrith to Agilberct, who was then bishop of Paris, for episcopal ordination. Alchfrith made war against his father, and probably took refuge in Mercia. The date of his death is not known.
W. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Alchmund

​ALCHMUND (d. 781) was consecrated bishop of Hexham in 767. He died in 781, and was buried near his more famous predecessor, Acca, outside the walls of the church of his see. A curious legend is told at some length by Simeon of Durham concerning the translation of the body of Alchmund to a tomb within the church which took place about 1030. Alchmund was held to be a saint, and is said to have appeared to assure men of his right to the honour of translation.
W. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Findlay, Robert

​FINDLAY, ROBERT, D.D.(1721–1814), Scotch divine, son of William Findlay of Waxford, Ayrshire, born 23 Nov. 1721, was educated at Glasgow, Leyden, and Edinburgh, and was ordained a minister of the kirk of Scotland in 1744. He had charges successively at Stevenston (1743), Galston (1745), Paisley (1754), and St. David's Church, Glasgow (1756), was appointed professor of divinity in the university of Glasgow in 1782, and died 15 June 1814. He published in the 'Library' for July 1761 'A Letter to the Rev. Dr. Kennicott vindicating the Jews from the Charge of Corrupting Deut. xxvii. 4,' which, on Kennicott's replying in the 'Library,' he followed up with 'A Second Letter to Dr. Kennicott upon the same subject, being an Answer to the Remarks in the "Library" for August 1761, and a further illustration of the argument.' This letter he sent to the 'Library;' but the editor of that magazine having had enough of the controversy, it appeared separately in January 1762. Both letters were signed 'Philalethes.' A more ambitious task next engaged Findlay's attention, viz. an examination of the views on the credibility of Josephus and the Jewish and Christian Scriptures propounded by Voltaire in his 'Philosophie de l'Histoire.' This work appeared under the title of ' A Vindication of the Sacred Books and of Josephus, especially the former, from various misrepresentations and cavils of the celebrated M. de Voltaire,' Glasgow, 1770, 8vo. Findlay also published a pamphlet on 'The Divine Inspiration of the Jewish Scriptures and Old Testament,' London, 1803, 8vo.
J. M. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Finglas, Patrick

​FINGLAS, PATRICK (fl. 1535), Irish judge, was appointed baron of the exchequer in Ireland by Henry VIII in or before 1520, and afterwards, by patent dated at Westminster 8 May 1533, he was constituted chief justice of the king's bench in that kingdom in the place of Sir Bartholomew Dillon. He resigned the latter office in or before 1535.
He wrote 'A Breviat of the getting of Ireland, and of the Decaie of the same.' Printed in Harris's 'Hibernica,' edit. 1770, i. 79-103. It appears that the original manucript of this work is in the Public Record Office (State Papers, Henry VIII, Ireland, vol. xii. art.7). It is described in the calendar as 'An Historical Dissertation on the Conquest of Ireland, the decay of that land, and measures proposed to remedy the grievances thereof arising from the oppressions of the Irish nobility.
[Ware's Writers of Ireland (Harris), p.93; Liber Hiberniæ, ii. 30, 49; Cal. of State Papers relating to Ireland, 1509-73 (Hamilton), pp.3, 9, 14, 161.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Finglow, John

​FINGLOW, JOHN (d. 1586), catholic divine, born at Barnby, near Howden, Yorkshire, was educated at the English College of Douay, during its temporary removal to Rheims, where he was ordained priest on 25 March 1661. Being sent on the mission he laboured zealously in the north of England until he was apprehended and committed to the Ousebridge Kidcote at York. He was tried and convicted of high treason, for being a priest made by Roman authority, and for having reconciled some of the queen's subjects to the catholic church. He was executed at York on 8 Aug. 1686.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Finingham, Robert de

​FININGHAM, ROBERT de (d. 1460), a brother in the Franciscan or Greyfriars' monastery at Norwich, where he was also educated, was born at Finingham in Suffolk, and flourished in the reign of Henry VI. He was a very learned man, skilled, as Pits expresses it, in all liberal arts, excelling especially in canon law, end was the author of numerous Latin works. The chief purpose of his writings was in defence of the Franciscans against the common accusation that their profession of poverty was hypocritical. The titles given of his works are as follows: 1.'Pro Ordine Minorum.' 2.'Pro dignitate Status eorum.' 3. 'Casus Conciliorum Angliæ.' 4. 'De Casibus Decretorum.' 5. 'De Casibus Decretalium.' 6. 'De Extravagantibus.' 7. 'De Excommunicationibus.' Tanner describes a manuscript of the last in Bishop Moore's library, now in the Cambridge University Library (E. e. v. 11).
E. T. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Finlay, Francis Dalzell

​FINLAY, FRANCIS DALZELL (1793–1857), Irish journalist, son of John Finlay, tenant farmer, of Newtownards, co. Down, by his wife, Jane Dalzell, was born 12 July 1793 at Newtownards, and began life as a printer's apprentice in Belfast, where he started as a master printer in 1820. The letterpress which issued from his works was distinguished by both accuracy and elegance, being far superior to any that had previously been produced in Ireland. In 1824 he founded the 'Northern Whig.' Liberalism being then a very unpopular creed in Ulster, Finlay was frequently prosecuted for press offences. On 21 July 1826 he was indicted for publishing in the 'Northern Whig' a libel tending to bring into disrepute the character of a certain 'improving' landlord. The libel consisted in a letter purporting to be by a small farmer in which the improvements alleged to have been effected by the landlord in question were denied to be improvements at all, and in which a character for litigiousness was imputed to ​the landlord. Finlay was sentenced to three months' imprisonment, without the option of a fine, and the publication of the 'Northern Whig' was suspended from August 1826 until May 1827. From the first Finlay advocated the emancipation of the Roman catholics, and it was in the columns of the 'Northern Whig' that William Sharman Crawford [q.v.] propounded his celebrated views on tenant-right. Some comments in the 'Northern Whig' on the conduct of Lord Hertford's agent led to another prosecution for libel in 1830, which, however, was abandoned when it transpired that Daniel O'Connell had volunteered for the defence. On a similar charge he was found guilty on 23 July 1832 and sentenced to three months' imprisonment and fined 50l. In spite, however, of these proceedings, the 'Northern Whig' continued from time to time to give expression to similar views which were adjudged libellous and occasioned its proprietor very heavy legal expenditure. To the extension of the suffrage, the disestablishment of the Irish church, and the reform of the land laws Finlay through his paper gave a steady and zealous support; but, though a personal friend of O'Connell, he opposed the movement for the repeal of the union and the later developments of Irish disaffection, such as the Young Irelandism of Mitchell and the agitation which resulted in the abortive insurrection of Smith O'Brien. He died on 10 Sept. 1857, bequeathing his paper to his son, Francis Dalzell Finlay, by whom it was conducted until 1874, when it was transferred to a limited company. Finlay married in 1830 Marianne, daughter of the Rev. William Porter, presbyterian minister, of Newtonlimavady, co. Derry.
[Northern Whig, 12 Sept. 1857; information from F. D. Finlay, esq.]
J. M. R.
# The Thirty-Nine Steps

* related portals: Adventure, Thriller, Mystery.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Commons category, Wikidata item.
Book 1 in the Richard Hannay series. First appeared as a serial in Blackwood's Magazine in August and September 1915.The novel formed the basis for a number of film adaptations, notably Alfred Hitchcock's 1935 version. Warning: template has been deprecated.
Layout 2
THE THIRTY-NINE STEPS
BY JOHN BUCHAN
AUTHOR OF GREENMANTLE, Etc.
NEW YORK GROSSET & DUNLAP PUBLISHERS
Copyright, 1915, By The Curtis Publishing Company
Copyright, 1915, By George H. Doran Company
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
CONTENTS
THE THIRTY-NINE STEPS
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1940, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 83 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Departmental Ditties and Ballads and Barrack-Room Ballads/Christmas in India

Garden City New York: Doubleday, Page & Company, pages 108–110
CHRISTMAS IN INDIA
Dim dawn behind the tamarisks—the sky is saffron-yellow— As the women in the village grind the corn, And the parrots seek the river-side, each calling to his fellow That the Day, the staring Eastern Day, is born. Oh the white dust on the highway! Oh the stenches in the byway! Oh the clammy fog that hovers over earth! And at Home they're making merry 'neath the white and scarlet berry— What part have India's exiles in their mirth?
Full day behind the tamarisks—the sky is blue and staring— As the cattle crawl afield beneath the yoke, And they bear One o'er the field-path who is past all hope or caring, To the ghât below the curling wreaths of smoke. ​Call on Rama, going slowly, as ye bear a brother lowly— Call on Rama—he may hear, perhaps, your voice! With our hymnbooks and our psalters we appeal to other altars, And to-day we bid "good Christian men rejoice!"
High noon behind the tamarisks—the sun is hot above us— As at Home the Christmas Day is breaking wan. They will drink our healths at dinner—those who tell us how they love us, And forget us till another year be gone! Oh the toil that knows no breaking! Oh the heimweh, ceaseless, aching! Oh the black dividing Sea and alien Plain! Youth was cheap—wherefore we sold it. Gold was good—we hoped to hold it, And to-day we know the fulness of our gain.
Gray dusk behind the tamarisks—the parrots fly together— As the Sun is sinking slowly over Home; ​And his last ray turns to jeer us shackled in a life-long tether That drags us back howe'er so far we roam. Hard her service, poor her payment—she in ancient, tattered raiment— India, she the grim stepmother of our kind. If a year of life be lent her, if her temple's shrine we enter, The door is shut—we may not look behind.
Black night behind the tamarisks—the owls begin their chorus— As the conches from the temple scream and bray With the fruitless years behind us and the hopeless years before us, Let us honour, oh my brothers, Christmas Day! Call a truce, then, to our labours—let us feast with friends and neighbours, And be merry as the custom of our caste; For, if "faint and forced the laughter," and if sadness follow after, We are richer by one mocking Christmas past.
# The Wisdom of Ali

* related portals: Islamic poetry.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
As it appeared in the 1855 Poems of the Orient
THE Prophet once, sitting in calm debate,
Said : " I am Wisdom s fortress ; but the gate
Thereof is Ali." Wherefore, some who heard,
With unbelieving jealousy were stirred ;
And, that they might on him confusion bring,
Ten of the boldest joined to prove the thing.
" Let us in turn to Ali go," they said,
" And ask if Wisdom should be sought instead
Of earthly riches ; then, if he reply
To each of us, in thought, accordantly,
And yet to none, in speech or phrase, the same,
His shall the honor be, and ours the shame."
Now, when the first his bold demand did make,
These were the words which Ali straightway spake
" Wisdom is the inheritance of those
Whom Allah favors ; riches, of his foes."
Unto the second he said : " Thyself must be
Guard to thy wealth ; but Wisdom guardeth thee."
Unto the third : " By Wisdom wealth is won ;
But riches purchased wisdom yet for none."
Unto the fourth : " Thy goods the thief may take ;
But into Wisdom s house he cannot break."
Unto the fifth : " Thy goods decrease the more
Thou giv st ; but use enlarges Wisdom s store."
Unto the sixth : " Wealth tempts to evil ways ;
But the desire of Wisdom is God s praise."
Unto the seventh : " Divide thy wealth, each part
Becomes a pittance. Give with open heart
Thy wisdom, and each separate gift shall be
All that thou hast, yet not impoverish thee."
Unto the eighth : " Wealth cannot keep itself ;
But Wisdom is the steward even of pelf."
Unto the ninth : " The camels slowly bring
Thy goods ; but Wisdom has the swallow s wing."
And lastly, when the tenth did question make,
These were the ready words which Ali spake :
" Wealth is a darkness which the soul should fear ;
But Wisdom is the lamp that makes it clear."
Crimson with shame the questioners withdrew,
And they declared: "The Prophet s words were
true ;
The mouth of Ali is the golden door
Of Wisdom."
When his friends to Ali bore
These words, he smiled and said : " And should they ask
The same until my dying day, the task
Were easy ; for the stream from Wisdom's well,
Which God supplies, is inexhaustible."
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Wisconsin Idea/Preface

PREFACE
In my capacity as legislative librarian for over ten years in the state of Wisconsin, I have been constantly in touch with the legislation of this state, which now seems to be attracting some little attention throughout the country. The legislative reference department has been besieged by newspaper writers who come here to use the files and records. The recent magazines have contained considerable literature relating to the constructive nature of this legislation. Every day this department is called upon to answer many questions concerning particular laws or underlying principles. Our time has been taken up to such an extent that it has been deemed wise, after a great deal of deliberation and perplexity as to what should be done with the increasing volume of correspondence, to set down a few notes about these laws, and the philosophy upon which they are built as I see it. In doing so I am aware of my limitations. I have done the work hurriedly, without due care as to literary standards. Also, I have been handicapped to some degree because I have been working in this department for the legislators and have taken no part in active politics.
In the actual toil and drudgery of the legislative session—in a clerical capacity—I have tried gladly to carry out the will of the men of genius and power who ​composed the Wisconsin legislature. Working under the direction of the legislature, a large part of this legislation, indeed the principal part of it, was constructed in some connection with the department of which I have been chief. Because of my duties as librarian of the legislative reference department and as a member of the faculty of the University of Wisconsin, I can say truly that I have had opportunities to see events in this state perhaps from a different standpoint than any other man. If I show a certain spirit now and then which may seem to cloud my judgment as to certain matters herein contained, I crave the reader's pardon on the score that I, a wandering student, seeking knowledge, came knocking at the gates of the great University of Wisconsin, and it took me in, filled me with inspiration, and when I left its doors the kindly people of the state stretched out welcoming hands and gave me a man's work to do.
Without the collaboration of my assistant, Miss Ono Mary Imhoff, these rough notes could not have been put together. She has also prepared the short bibliography which may be found in the Appendix and which will show the inquirer how and where to obtain particular laws or documents.
# The Wisdom of Father Brown

* related portals: Mystery.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
The judge was looking at Father Brown with level and piercing eyes (see page 105)
page
THE WISDOM OF FATHER BROWN
by G. K. CHESTERTON
with a colour frontispiece by Sydney Seymour Lucas
CASSELL AND COMPANY, LTD. London, New York, Toronto and Melbourne 1914
page
to LUCIAN OLDERSHAW
page
CONTENTS
PAGE
page
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1936, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 87 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Tragic Muse (London & New York: Macmillan & Co., 1890)/Volume 2

THE TRAGIC MUSE
VOL. II.
THE TRAGIC MUSE
BY
HENRY JAMES
IN THREE VOLUMES.
VOL. II.
London
MACMILLAN AND CO.
AND NEW YORK
1890
The Right of Translation and Reproduction is Reserved
Richard Clay & Sons, Limited, London & Bungay.