OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Maihew, Edward

​MAIHEW, EDWARD (1570–1625), Benedictine monk, born at Dinton, Wiltshire, in 1570, was descended from an ancient family who had suffered for their attachment to the catholic faith. He, with his brother Henry, was admitted a student of the English College of Douay, then temporarily removed to Rheims, on 10 July 1583. After remaining there seven years he removed to Rome, and was admitted into the English College in that city on 23 Oct. 1590. Having taken orders he was sent to England, where he exercised his functions for twelve years as a secular priest. Desiring to revive the Benedictine order in this country, he took the habit at the hands of Father Anselm Beach. At the end of his novitiate he was, on 21 Nov. 1607, professed by Father Sigebert Buckley, then a prisoner in the Gatehouse at Westminster, and was aggregated to the abbey of Westminster and the old English congregation (Weldon, Chronicle, p. 60; and see Buckley, Robert). From 1614 to 1620 he was prior of the monastery of St. Laurence at Dieulwart in Lorraine, and in 1617 he was appointed one of the nine definitors of the order. He died at Cambray, where he was vicar of the English nuns, on 14 Sept. 1625, and was buried in the church of St. Vedast.
His works are: 1. ‘A Treatise of the Grovndes of the Old and Newe Religion. Devided into two parts. Whereunto is added an Appendix, containing a briefe confutation of William Crashaw his first Tome of Romish forgeries and falsifications’ (anon.), sine loco, 1608, 4to. This was attacked in a book entitled ‘A Sufficient Answere unto James Gretser and Anthony Possevine, Jesuits, and the unknowne Author of the Grounds of the Old Religion and the New,’ by Thomas James, published with his ‘Treatise of the Corruption of Scripture, Counsels, and Fathers,’ 1611. ​2. ‘Manuale Sacerdotum … juxta usum insignis ecclesiæ Sarisburiensis. (Annotationes in præcedentem sacram institutionem’), Douay (L. Kellam), 1610, 8vo. 3. ‘A Paradise of Prayers,’ from several authors. 4. ‘Congregationis Anglicanæ Ordinis Sanctissimi Patriarchæ Benedicti Trophæa tribus tabulis comprehensa. In quibus plurima, non tantum quæ ad res Angliæ, sed etiam quæ ad historias Germaniæ, Hyberniæ, Scotiæ, et Belgii spectant, accuratè traduntur et discutiuntur: nonnulla etiam Sanctorum vitæ nondum in lucem editæ habentur,’ Rheims, 1625, 4to; dedicated to Dr. William Gifford, archbishop of Rheims.
[Dodd's Church Hist. ii. 401; Douay Diaries, p. 431; Foley's Records, vi. 184; Oliver's Catholic Religion in Cornwall, pp. 354, 519; Pits, De Angliæ Scriptoribus, p. 815; Snow's Necrology, p. 35; Weldon's Chronicle, pp. 60, 107, 112, 146, 163, Append. pp. 4, 14; Wood's Athenæ Oxon. (Bliss), ii. 177.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Main, Thomas John

​MAIN, THOMAS JOHN (1818–1885), mathematician, was a younger brother of the Rev. Robert Main [q. v.] He graduated from St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1838 as senior wrangler and first Smith's prizeman, was chosen a fellow of his college, and proceeded M.A. in 1841. He joined the Royal Astronomical Society on 10 Jan. 1840. Having taken orders, he received an appointment as chaplain in the royal navy, and was placed on the retired list in 1869. He was for thirty-four years professor of mathematics at the Royal Naval College, Portsmouth, and died in London on 28 Dec. 1885, aged 67. He wrote, with Mr. Thomas Brown, R.N.:
* ‘The Indicator and Dynamometer,’ London, 1847; 3rd edit. 1857.
* ‘The Marine Steam Engine,’ 1849; 5th edit. 1865; German translation, Vienna, 1868.
* ‘Questions on Subjects connected with the Marine Steam Engine,’ 1857 and 1863.
[Times, 31 Dec. 1885; Nature, xxxiii. 233; Luard's Cantabr. Grad.]
A. M. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Danell, James

​DANELL, JAMES, D.D. (1821–1881), catholic prelate, born in London on 14 July 1821, was educated under Dr. Kenny at his father's house in Fitzroy Street, Fitzroy Square, and afterwards at St. Edmund's College, near Ware. In 1843 he was sent to finish his ecclesiastical studies at St. Sulpice, Paris. He was ordained priest in 1846, and in August of that year he was appointed to the mission of St. George, Southwark. In 1857 he was appointed a canon of Southwark, and in 1862 vicar-general of the diocese. After the death of Dr. Thomas Grant he was appointed by Pius IX to the bishopric of Southwark in January 1871, and he was consecrated on 25 March following at St. George's Cathedral by Archbishop (now Cardinal) Manning. He died on 14 June 1881, and was buried in his cathedral. During his episcopate he added to the diocese seventy-two priests and fifty new missions.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Danforth, Thomas

​DANFORTH, THOMAS (1622–1699), magistrate in New England, son of Nicholas Danforth of Framlingham, Suffolk, was born in England in 1622. He was taken by his father to America in 1634, and became an inhabitant of Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was admitted a freeman of that town in 1643, and elected representative in 1657 and 1658. For twenty years (1659–79) he held the office of ‘assistant,’ and he was deputy-governor of Massachusetts from 1679 to 1686. On 11 May 1681 he was appointed by the general court of Massachusetts president of Maine, and he continued in that office till the arrival of Andros in 1686. He was also a judge of the superior court of Massachusetts. To the old provincial charter his attachment was zealous and invincible. With Gookin, Cooke, and others he opposed the sending of agents to England, and he was ready to incur every peril rather than submit to the acts of trade, which, as the colony was not represented in the British parliament, he regarded as infringements on the liberty of the province. He became the acknowledged leader of the popular party in opposing the tyranny of Andros. Soon after the imprisonment of that governor he prevented, by his prudence and influence, many excesses to which in the violence of the times the people were tending. His zeal in favour of the old charter precluded him from public employment under the charter of William and Mary. The correctness of his judgment was evinced by a firm and open opposition to the proceedings of the courts of justice during the witchcraft delusion. His chief residence was at Cambridge, where he died on 5 Nov. 1699. He married Mary, daughter of Henry Withington, and had twelve children.
Danforth was the first treasurer of Harvard College (1650–8), and he subsequently assisted in the arrangement and care of its finances. His services to the institution were numerous and disinterested, and although he was not wealthy, he bequeathed to the college three valuable leases of land in the town of Framlingham. A condition was annexed to this bequest that these estates should revert to his heirs ‘if any prelatical injunctions should be imposed on the society.’
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Daniel, Edward

Edward Pickford in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
​DANIEL, EDWARD, D.D. (d. 1657), catholic divine, was a native of Cornwall. He entered the English college at Douay on 28 Oct. 1618 under the name of Pickford. After studying philosophy and one year of divinity he was sent with nine other students to colonise the new college founded at Lisbon by Don Pedro Continho for the education of English secular priests. These youths reached their destination on 14 Nov. 1628, and on 22 Feb. 1628–9 the college was solemnly opened. He was created B.D. and D.D. in 1640, being the first recipient of that honour after the Portuguese government had granted to the college the privilege of conferring degrees. He was then permitted to leave for the English mission, but was recalled in June 1642 to be president of the college, an office which he filled with credit for six years. Subsequently he was invited to Douay, where he was appointed professor of divinity on 1 Oct. 1649, and vice-president under Dr. Hyde, after whose death in 1651 he governed the college as regent until Dr. Leyburn was nominated as president. He continued to be professor of divinity till 4 July 1653, when he came to England and supplied the place of dean of the chapter in the absence of Peter Fitton, then in Italy, and on Fitton's death in 1657 he was designated to succeed him as dean; but he also died in September the same year.
He was the author of: 1. ‘A Volume of Controversies,’ 1643–6; folio manuscript formerly in the possession of Dodd, the church historian. 2. ‘Meditations collected and ordered for the Use of the English College at Lisboe. By the Superiors of the same Colledge,’ 1649; Douay, 2nd edit. enlarged, with illustrated frontispiece. The date of the latter edition is curiously signified by the following chronogram: ‘La Vs Deo MarIæ, et SanCtIs eIVs—i.e. M 1000, D 500, C 100, L 50, two V's 10, three I's 3 = 1663’ (Gillow, Bibl. Dict. of the English Catholics, ii. 11).
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Daniel, Alexander

Alexander Daniell in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
​DANIEL, ALEXANDER (1599–1668), diarist, was born, according to his own account, at Middleburg, Walcheren, on 12 Dec. 1599. His father, Richard Daniel (b. 1561), was a prosperous Middleburg merchant, who emigrated from Cornwall to Holland in early life, and made a fortune there. In Alexander's ‘Diary’ he notes that his father ‘made his first voyage to Embden in East Freezeland 18 March 1584,’ and that his ‘second voyage was to Zealand 8 March 1586.’ He married Jaquelina von Meghen, widow of Rein. Copcot, 18 Feb. 1598–9, and Alexander was their first child. The mother died at Middleburg 21 Nov. 1601, and to Alexander's disgust his father married a second wife, Margaret von Ganeghan, at Dordrecht, 9 Nov. 1608. Richard Daniel was deputy governor of Middleburg in 1613; soon afterwards settled in Penzance, Cornwall; represented Truro in the parliaments of 1624 and 1628, and died at Truro 11 Feb. 1630–1. Jenkin Daniel, Richard's brother and Alexander's uncle, was mayor of Truro in 1615. Alexander was apparently educated in England: in June 1617 he was sent for a time to Lincoln College, Oxford. He married, on 20 Jan. 1625–6, Grace, daughter of John Bluet of Little Colon, when he took up his residence at Tresillian. He moved to Penzance in 1632, and to Laregon, where he built a house, in 1639; in 1634 sold some land in Brabant bequeathed him by his maternal grandmother; and died in 1668, being buried in Madron Churchyard. On his tomb are the lines—
Belgia me birth, Britain me breeding gave, Cornwall a wife, ten children, and a grave.
Richard, his eldest son (b. 1626), married Elizabeth Dallery of London, 6 April 1649, and died in 1668. He is credited with the authorship of ‘Daniel's Copybook, or a Compendium of the most useful Hands of England, Netherland, France, Spain, and Italy. Written and invented by Rich. Daniel, gent. And ingraven by Edw. Cocker, philomath,’ Lond., 1664. The fifth son, Eliasaph (b. 1663), was impressed by the Commonwealth navy in 1653, and served under Sir George Ayscue. The eighth and youngest son, George (b. 1637), went to London to learn the ‘ball-trade,’ founded and endowed a free school at Madron (cf. Report of Charity Commissioners, June 1876), and died 4 May 1716, being buried next his father. Alexander's sister Mary (d. 1657) was the wife of Sir George Whitmore (d. 1654).
Daniel left in manuscript (1) ‘Brief Chronologicalle of Letters and Papers of and for Mine Own Family, 1617–1668,’ and (2) ‘Daniel's Meditations,’ a collection of 375 pieces in verse. These works belong to Thomas Hacker Bodily, esq., of Penzance, and extracts of the first were printed by Sir Harris Nicolas in ‘Gent. Mag.’ 1826, i. 130–2; and ​in J. S. Courtney's ‘Guide to Penzance,’ 1845, app. pp. 75–91, appear a number of Alexander Daniel's letters to his relatives, and one religious poem extracted from the ‘Meditations.’
S. L. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Daniel, Henry

​DANIEL, HENRY (fl. 1379), a Dominican friar skilled in the medical and natural science of his time. Various manuscripts by him, both in English and Latin, are preserved in the Bodleian Library, of which the chief are 'De judiciis urinarum,' and 'Aaron Danielis,' the latter treating 'de re herbaria, de arboribus, fruticibus, gemmis, mineris, animalibus, &c.,' from a pharmacological point of view.
[Bale, vi. 68; Tanner's Bibl. Brit.-Hib. 218-219.]
G. S. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Daniel, John

​DANIEL, JOHN (1746–1823), the last president of the English college, Douay, was son of Edward Daniel of Durton, Lancashire. He received his education in a school at Fernyhalgh, and thence proceeded to Douay College, where he was ordained priest. From 1778 until the outbreak of the French revolution he taught philosophy and divinity in the college. When Edward Kitchen resigned the presidency in 1792 Daniel courageously accepted the post, and he and the senior professors and students were conveyed as prisoners, first to Arras, and next to the citadel of Dourlens, where they were detained till 27 Nov. 1794. Then they were all removed to the Irish college at Douay, and in the following year they obtained permission to return to England. Daniel joined the refugees from the English college, who had been collected at Crook Hall, near Durham, and was installed as president of the transplanted establishment, now Ushaw College. He retained, however, the title of president of Douay College, and took up his residence in the seminary of St. Gregory at Paris, in order to watch over the concerns of the suppressed college, and to prevent if possible the entire loss of the property belonging to it. After the peace of 1816 all British subjects who had lost property by the revolution claimed compensation from the French government, which eventually paid nearly 600,000l. to the English commissioners. The claims of the catholic religious establishments, however, were not admitted, although the money which had been transmitted for the purpose of compensating them for their losses was never returned to France. Sir James Mackintosh, one of the counsel retained by the catholic prelates, was disposed to bring the matter before the House of Commons, but it was feared that his doing so would injure the cause of ​catholic emancipation. Daniel died at Paris on 3 Oct. 1823.
He was the author of an ‘Ecclesiastical History of the Britons and Saxons,’ Lond. 1815, 8vo; new edit. Lond. 1824, 8vo.
[Catholic Magazine and Review, i. 14, 52, 89, 107, 137, 208, 268, 333, 397, 457, 683; Husenbeth's English Colleges on the Continent, p. 4; Gillow's Bibl. Dict. of the English Catholics, ii. 14, 15.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Danett, Thomas

​DANETT, THOMAS (fl. 1566–1601), was the author of the following works:— 1. ‘The Description of the Low Countreys and of the Prouinces thereof, gathered into an Epitome out of the Historie of Lodouico Guicchardini,’ London, 1593, dedicated to Lord Burghley. 2. ‘A Continuation of the Historie of France from the death of Charles the Eight, where Comines endeth, till the death of Henry the Second [1559], collected by Thomas Danett, gentleman,’ London, 1600, dedicated to Lord Buckhurst. 3. ‘The Historie of Philip de Commines, Knight, Lord of Argenton,’ London, 1601. The dedication to Lord Burghley is dated 1 Nov. 1596. Danett states that thirty years before he presented to Burghley and Leicester ‘the historie of Commines, rudely translated into our vulgar tongue,’ and that he subsequently revised and enlarged his translation by the advice of Sir Christopher Hatton. A few original notes appear in the margin. A ‘Mr. Danett’ is mentioned in a letter from Cecil to Windebank, 27 Dec. 1561.
S. L. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Burton, William Paton

​BURTON, WILLIAM PATON (1828–1883), water-colour painter, son of Captain William Paton Burton, of the Indian army, was born at Madras in 1828 and educated at Edinburgh. After studying for a short time in the office of David Bryce, the architect, he turned to landscape painting, and was a frequent exhibitor at the Royal Academy and in Suffolk Street between 1862 and 1880. His works consisted of views in England, Holland, France, Italy, and Egypt. He died suddenly at Aberdeen on 31 Dec. 1883.
L. F.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Burton, William (1609-1657)

​BURTON, WILLIAM (1609–1657), antiquary, son of William Burton, sometime of Atcham, in Shropshire, was born in Austin Friars, London, and educated in St. Paul's school. He became a student in Queen's College, Oxford, in 1625; but as he had not sufficient means to maintain himself, the learned Thomas Allen, perceiving his merit, induced him to migrate to Gloucester Hall, and conferred on him a Greek lectureship there. He was a Pauline exhibitioner from 1624 to 1632. In 1630 he graduated B.C.L., but, indigence forcing him to leave the university, he became the assistant or usher of Thomas Farnaby, the famous schoolmaster of Kent. Some years later he was appointed master of the free school at Kingston-upon-Thames, in Surrey, where he continued till two years before his death, ‘at which time, being taken with the dead palsy, he retired to London.’ He died on 28 Dec. 1657, and was buried in a vault under the church of St. Clement Danes, in the Strand. Bishop Kennett calls ‘this now-neglected author the best topographer since Camden,’ while Wood tells us that ‘he was an excellent Latinist, noted philologist, was well skill'd in the tongues, was an excellent critic and antiquary, and therefore beloved of all learned men of his time, especially of the famous Usher, archbishop of Armagh.’
His works are: 1. ‘In [laudem] doctissimi, clarissimi, optimi senis, Thomæ Alleni ultimo Septembris mdcxxxii Oxon iis demortui, exequiarum justis ab alma Academia postridie solutis, orationes binæ’ (the first by Burton, the second by George Bathurst), London, 1632, 4to. 2. ‘Nobilissimi herois Dn. C. Howardi ​comitis Nottinghamiæ ἀποθέωσις ad illustrissimum V. Dn. C. Howardum, comitem Nottinghamiæ, fratrem superstitem’ (London, 1 April 1643), on a small sheet, fol. 3. ‘The beloved City: or, the Saints' Reign on Earth a Thousand Years, asserted and illustrated from 65 places of Holy Scripture,’ Lond. 1643, 4to, translated from the Latin of John Henry Alstedius. 4. ‘Clement, the blessed Paul's fellow-labourer in the Gospel, his First Epistle to the Corinthians; being an effectuall Suasory to Peace, and Brotherly Condescension, after an unhappy Schism and Separation in that Church,’ London, 1647, 1652, 4to, translated from Patrick Yong's Latin version, who has added ‘Certaine Annotations upon Clement.’ 5. ‘Græcæ Linguæ Historia (Veteris Linguæ Persicæ λείψανα)’ 2 parts, London, 1657, 8vo. 6. ‘A Commentary on Antoninus his Itinerary, or Journies of the Roman Empire, so far as it concerneth Britain,’ Lond. 1658, fol. With portrait engraved by Hollar, and a ‘Chorographicall Map of the severall Stations.’ At pp. 136, 137, Burton gives some account of his family, and relates that his great-grandfather expired from excess of joy on being informed of the death of Queen Mary.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Burtt, Joseph

​BURTT, JOSEPH (1818–1876), archæologist and assistant-keeper in the national Record Office, was born in the parish of St. Pancras, London, on 7 Nov. 1818. He was educated by his father, who was a private tutor, known as a Greek scholar, and author of a Latin grammar. He entered the public service as a lad of fourteen in 1832 under Sir Francis Palgrave, by whom he was employed on work connected with the Record Commission at the chapter-house of Westminster Abbey. Here he continued his labours for many years, arranging and making inventories of the national records then housed in that building. In August 1851 he was promoted to be assistant-keeper of the records of the second class, and was raised to be a first-class assistant-keeper in June 1859, a position which he enjoyed to his death. About this time Burtt superintended the removal from the old chapter-house to the newly erected record office in Fetter Lane of the vast mass of documents which had been lying, many of them unsorted and uncatalogued, in that most unsuitable depository. The calendaring of the chancery records of Durham was a task which Burtt undertook in addition to his ordinary official duties. He was also employed in his private capacity by Dean Stanley and the chapter of Westminster in sorting and arranging the muniments of the abbey, and he was the first to commence the work of examining and bringing into order the muniments of the dean and chapter of Lincoln. In 1862 he became secretary of the Royal Archæological Institute, to which he subsequently added the editorship of the 'Archæological Journal.' He was for many years the prime mover of all the operations of the institute, especially in connection with its annual congresses, which were ably organised by him. As a private friend Burtt was much and deservedly valued. He died after a protracted illness at his residence at Tulse Hill on 15 Dec. 1876, and was buried in Nunhead Cemetery. Burtt contributed a large number of arch{{ae}ological and historical papers to the 'Journal of the Archæological Institute,' the 'Gentleman's Magazine,' the 'Athenæum,' 'Archæologia Cantiana,' and other kindred periodicals. He also edited the 'Household Expenses of John of Brabant and of Thomas and Henry of Lancaster' for the 'Miscellany' of the Camden Society.
E. V.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bury, Edward (1616-1700)

​BURY, EDWARD (1616–1700), ejected minister, born in Worcestershire in 1616, according to Walker was originally a tailor, and was put into the living of Great Bolas, Shropshire, in place of a deprived rector. Calamy says that Bury was a man of learning, educated at Coventry grammar school and at Oxford, and that before obtaining the rectory of Great Bolas be had been chaplain in a gentleman's family and assistant to an aged minister. He received presbyterian ordination. The dat« at which he began his ministry at Great Bolas was before 1654. In the parish records he signs himself 'minister and register' till 1661, when, consequence of the act for confirming possession of benefices, he signs 'rector.' His entries show that he was somewhat given to astrology. Ejected in 1662, Bury, who remained at Great Bolas in a house he had built, was subjected to great privations. On 2 June 1680, Philip Henry gives him 4l. from a sum left at his disposal by William Probyn of Wem. Henry's diary, 22 July 1681, has an account of the distraint of Bury's goods (he is here called Berry) for taking part at a private fast on 14 June. After this he was a good deal hunted about from place to place. In later life his circumstances were improved by bequests. He became blind some years before his death, which occurred on 5 May 1700, owing to a mortification in one foot. By his wife Mary, he had at least five children: 1. Edward, b. 1654; 2. Margarit (sic), b. 12 Feb. 1655; 3. John, b. 14 March 1657; 4. Mary, b. 13 Aug. 1660; 5. Samuel [q. v.] The following is Calamy's list of his publications:
* 'The Soul's Looking-glass, or a Spiritual Touchstone,' &c., 1660.
* 'A Short Catechism, containing the Fundamental Points of Religion,' 1660.
* 'Relative Duties.'
* 'Death Improv'd, and Immoderate Sorrow for Deceased Friends and Relatives Reprov'd,' 1675; 2nd edit. ​1693.
* 'The Husbandman's Companion, containing an 100 occasional meditations, &c., suited to men of that employment,' 1677.
* 'England's Bane, or the Deadly Danger of Drunkenness.'
* 'A Sovereign Antidote against the Fear of Death,' 1681, 8vo (in Dr. Williams's library).
* 'An Help to Holy Walking, or a Guide to Glory,' 1705.
[Walker's Sufferings of the Clergy, 1714, pt. ii. pp. 310, 368; Calamy's Account, 1713, p. 557 seq.; Continuation, 1727, p. 723 seq.; Lee's Diaries and Letters of P. Henry, 1882, pp. 289, 301; Extracts from the Registers of Bolas Magna by Rev. R. S. Turner.]
A. G.