OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Scully, Denys

​SCULLY, DENYS (1773–1830), Irish political writer, eldest surviving son of James Scully, a landed proprietor of Kilfeacle, co. Tipperary, was born at that place on 4 May 1773. He entered Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1794, and seems to have been the second catholic student admitted for two hundred years. After a short residence he left without graduating, and studied for the Irish bar, of which he became a member in Michaelmas term 1796. He practised on the Leinster circuit with success until delicate health compelled him to retire. He became known as one of the leading catholic agitators, and joined the important deputation which was appointed in February 1805 to wait upon Pitt with a petition to the House of Commons for emancipation. Pitt declined to present the petition, but Fox and Granville consented, and laid it before the house on 25 March. Scully prepared a famous ‘Statement of the Penal Laws,’ which appeared in 1812, and resulted in the prosecution of the printer, Hugh Fitzpatrick, who was fined 200l. and imprisoned for eighteen months. Besides this work, which ran through several editions, Scully helped Edward Hay [q. v.] to prepare his account of the ill-usage of the Wexford people previous to 1798, and also contributed to the Dublin morning and evening ‘Post.’ In 1803 he published a pamphlet against the union, ‘An Irish Catholic's Advice to his Brethren, how to estimate their Present Situation, and repel French Invasion, Civil Wars, and Slavery.’ A paper on Scully's MS. diary of 1805 was read before the Royal Historical Society on 28 Feb. 1908 by the president, the Rev. William Hunt. He died on 25 Oct. 1830 at Kilfeacle.
Vincent Scully (1810–1871), lawyer and politician, son of Denys Scully, was born in Dublin on 8 Jan. 1810, and was educated at Oscott, Trinity College, Dublin, and Trinity College, Cambridge, but did not graduate at either university. He was one of the editors of the ‘Oscotian’ (from 1826). In 1833 he was called to the Irish bar, and speedily obtained a good practice. In 1840 he became a queen's counsel. He was elected M.P. for Cork in 1852, and remained its member until 1857. He was re-elected in 1859 and sat till 1865. He died on 4 June 1871. He was the author of some able pamphlets on the Irish land question, one of which, ‘Free Trade in Land’ (1853), made many novel proposals. It is accompanied by a debenture map, and was reprinted in 1881 by his son Vincent, together with ‘Occupying Ownership of Land (Ireland).’ Scully's ‘Transfer of Land Bill (Ireland),’ introduced into the House of Commons in 1853, was praised for its ingenuity.
[Webb's Compendium of Irish Biography; obituaries in Irish papers; O'Donoghue's Poets of Ireland, p. 223; information from Vincent Scully, esq., Cashel.]
D. J. O'D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Scrope, William (1772-1852)

​SCROPE, WILLIAM (1772–1852), artist and sportsman, son of Richard Scrope, D.D., was born in 1772. He was a direct descendant of Richard, first baron Scrope of Bolton [q. v.], lord treasurer to Edward III, and succeeded to the property of the Scropes of Castle Combe, Wiltshire, on the death of his father in 1787. In 1795 the Scrope estates of Cockerington, Lincolnshire, also passed to him [see under Scrope, Adrian]. Scrope was an excellent classical scholar, a keen sportsman, and one of the ablest amateur artists of his time. He painted views in Scotland, Italy, Sicily, and elsewhere, exhibiting occasionally at the Royal Academy, and later at the British Institution, of which he was one of the most active directors. He was frequently assisted in his work by William Simson, R.S.A. [q. v.] Throughout his life Scrope was a devotee of deer-stalking and salmon-fishing, and he published two well-known books, ‘The Art of Deerstalking,’ 1838, and ‘Days and Nights of Salmon-fishing in the Tweed,’ 1843, both illustrated with plates after Edwin and Charles Landseer, Wilkie, W. Simson, and others. They are valuable contributions to the literature of their subjects, and have been reissued, the former in 1885, the latter in 1883. Scrope rented a place near Melrose, where he lived on terms of great intimacy with Sir Walter Scott (Lockhart, Life of Scott, 1845). He was a member of the Academy of St. Luke at Rome, and a fellow of the Linnean Society. He died at his house in Belgrave Square, London, on 20 July 1852. He was the last male representative of his family. He married, in 1794, Emma Long, daughter of Charles Long, esq., of Grittleton, Wiltshire, and had an only daughter and heir, Emma Phipps; she married, in 1821, George Poulett Thomson, who then assumed the name and arms of Scrope [see Scrope, George Julius Poulett].
F. M. O'D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1901 supplement/Queensberry, Marquis of

​QUEENSBERRY, Marquis of. [See Douglas, John Sholto, 1844–1900.]
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Close-stool

Edition of 1802.
​CLOSE-STOOL, a chamberimplement of considerable utility to patients and invalids; though it has lately been in a great measure superseded by the invention of water-closets. These, however, being attended with such expence as to preclude many families from their acquisition, it may be useful to mention an easy method of suppressing the fetid exhalation arising from vessels of the former description, when kept in sick-rooms, especially during the night. A foreign writer suggests the following expedient: Take a handful (we suppose, three or four ounces) of green vitriol; dissolve it in half a gallon of boiling water; and, when cold, pour a quart of it on the feces immediately after each stool. In this simple manner, we are informed, the most unpleasant stench will be effectually neutralized; a circumstance of great importance in putrid and malignant fevers.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Clot-burr

Edition of 1802.
​Clot-burr. See Burdock.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Cocculus Indicus

Edition of 1802.
​COCCULUS Indicus, or Indian Berry, is the poisonous fruit of the Menispermum, L. or Moon-seed, an exotic genus of plants, growing in the southern parts of Europe, whence it is imported. It possesses an intoxicating property, and is on that account too frequently mixed with malt liquors, though such nefarious practice is expressly prohibited by act of parliament. The seeds of this plant are made into a paste in the Levant, where it is employed as a specific for cutaneous eruptions.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Coloquintida

Edition of 1802.
​Coloquintida. See Cucumber.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Club-rush

Edition of 1802.
​CLUB-RUSH, or Scirpus, L. a native genus of plants, consisting of twelve species: the following are the principal:
1. The palustris, or marsh creeping club-rush, which thrives on the banks of rivers, ponds, and ditches, and is chiefly found in the western parts of England. It is perennial, grows from six inches to two feet high, and flowers in the month of June or July. Hogs eagerly devour the roots of this species when fresh, but will not touch them when dry. They are also eaten by goats and horses, but relused by cows and sheep.
2. The lacustris. See Bull-rush.
3. The maritimus, or salt-marsh club-rush, which is found on the sea-coast near Yarmouth, and also near Shirley-wych, Stafford. It is perennial, and flowers in the month of July or August. Cows eat this plant; and its tuberous roots, when dried and ground to powder, have, in times of scarcity, been used as a good substitute for flour.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Cobalt

Edition of 1802.
​COBALT, a semi-metal of a whitish-grey colour, and nearly resembling fine hardened steel: it is as difficult to be fused as copper, or even gold; and cannot be easily calcined. If the calx, resulting from that process, be melted with borax, pot-ash, or siliceous sand, it affords the blue glass, denominated by artists, smalt, which is principally employed in painting enamel, and in tinging other glass, being of all colours the most fixed in the fire. This semi-metal abounds in England, chiefly in the Mendip Hills in Somersetshire, and also in Cornwall, where it has lately been dug up in large quantities, and turned to considerable emolument.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Coin

Edition of 1802.
​COIN, a piece of metal converted into money, by the impression of certain marks or figures.
Coin differs from money, as the species from the genus. The latter may consist of any substance, whether metal, wood, leather, glass, horn, paper, fruits, shells; in short, whatever is current as a medium in commerce. The former is a particular specie, always made of metal, and struck according to a certain process, called coining.
The first money in commerce was, doubtless, barter, that is, the exchanging of one commodity for another of equal value; and from the difficulty necessarily attendant on the cutting or dividing of certain commodities, men were first induced to invent a substitute for them, that should serve as a general medium. Such is the origin of coin, which varies in different countries, according to the relative value of the different metals of which specie is composed.
The gold coins current in this country are guineas, half-guineas, and seven-shilling pieces; those of silver are, crowns, half-crowns, shillings, and sixpences: to these must be added two-penny pieces, pennies, halfpence; and farthings, which are of copper.
Severe punishments are inflicted on those who are guilty of counterfeiting, debasing, or even clipping the current coin of the realm: for the particulars of which, we refer the reader to "Blackstone's Commentaries."
A method of taking off casts from coins:—On account of the great value of antique coins, and the difficulty with which they are obtained, few persons have it in their power to procure a complete series. We, therefore, communicate the following mode, by which that desirable object may be attained, and the industrious antiquary enabled to ascertain many disputed points in history.
The method of taking off impressions, by means of plaster of Paris and sulphur, is well known; but, as the former is too soft, and the latter too brittle, they can be preserved only for a short period. This difficulty may be obviated by laying a coat of the finest tin-foil over the medal intended to be taken off, and rubbing it gently with a brush, till it has received a perfect impression, when the edge of it should be pared, so as to render it of the same circumference. The medal should then be reversed, when the tin-foil will fall into a mould ready to receive it, the concave side being uppermost. Plaster of Paris may be poured upon this, in the usual manner; and, when dry, the cast figure should be taken out, with the tin-foil adhering to it; the convex side being uppermost. In this position, it should be kept in the cabinet; and, if it receive no external injury, will endure for ages.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Stirling, Thomas

​STIRLING, Sir THOMAS (1733–1808), bart., general, born on 8 Oct. 1733, was second son of Sir Henry Stirling, bart. (1688–1753) of Ardoch, Perthshire, by Anne, third daughter of Thomas Gordon, admiral of the Russian fleet and governor of Cronstadt. He received a commission from the Prince of Orange on 11 Oct. 1747, and served ten years in the Scots brigade (afterwards the 94th), which was then in the Dutch service. On 24 March 1757 he was made captain in the 42nd highlanders, having raised a company for that regiment. He served with it in the conquest of Canada, the capture of Martinique in 1759, and of the Havannah in 1762. In 1765 he was sent to take possession of the Illinois country ceded to Great Britain by the peace of 1763.
The 42nd returned from North America in 1767, but was sent back thither in 1776, when the war of independence had begun. Stirling had become major on 12 Dec. 1770, and lieutenant-colonel on 7 Sept. 1771, in the regiment; and he raised its strength from 350 to 1,200 men in five months in 1775. Under his command it took a very active part in the war, and was especially distinguished at the storming of Fort Washington on 16 Nov. 1776. Stirling and his men were thanked in general orders. They were again thanked for the capture of a post at Elizabethtown in February 1779. On the 19th of that month Stirling was appointed aide-de-camp to the king and colonel in the army. In the attempt upon Springfield (Massachusetts) in June 1780 he commanded a brigade. His thigh was broken by a shot, but he refused to allow amputation, as it would disable him for active service. Of this, however, he saw no more. He was given the colonelcy of the 71st foot on 13 Feb. 1782, but it was reduced soon afterwards. On 20 Nov. he was promoted major-general, and on 13 Jan. 1790 he was made colonel of the 41st foot. He became lieutenant-general on 3 May 1796, and general on 1 Jan. 1801. In 1794 he had bought the estate of Strowan, Perthshire, and he was made a baronet for his services. By the death of his brother, Sir William ​Stirling, on 26 July 1799, he succeeded to the baronetcy of Ardoch, which became extinct at his death. He died unmarried at Strowan on 8 May 1808, leaving his property to his sister's son, Thomas Graham of Airth, with reversion to Graham's second son, who took the additional name of Stirling.
[Fraser's Stirlings of Keir, 1858; Foster's Baronetage; Burke's Landed Gentry; Cannon's Historical Record of the 42nd Highlanders; Stedman's Hist. of the American War; Cust's Annals of the Wars; private information.]
E. M. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Stirling, James (1740?-1805)

​STIRLING, Sir JAMES (1740?–1805), first baronet, lord provost of Edinburgh, born in 1740 or early in 1741, was the son of Alexander Stirling, cloth merchant in Edinburgh, by his wife Jane, daughter of James Muir of Lochfield, Perthshire. In early life he went to the West Indies as clerk to Archibald Stirling of Keir, an extensive planter there, who was great-uncle of Sir William Stirling-Maxwell [q. v.]; and not long afterwards he was appointed, through Stirling's influence, secretary to Sir Charles Dalling, governor of Jamaica. Having acquired in the West Indies a considerable fortune, he returned to Edinburgh, and became partner in the banking house of Mansfield, Ramsay, & Co., marrying Alison, the daughter of James Mansfield, the senior partner. Having entered the town council of Edinburgh in 1771, he filled the office of treasurer in 1773–4, and was thrice chosen lord provost—in 1790, 1794, and 1798. For his firm yet prudent conduct in connection with the reform riots in 1792 he was on 17 July of the same year created a baronet. He died on 17 Feb. 1805, leaving three sons and two daughters, and was succeeded in the baronetcy by his eldest son, Gilbert, on whose death in 1843 it became extinct.
[Kay's Edinburgh Portraits; Fraser's Stirlings of Keir, 1858, p. 185; Anderson's History of Edinburgh; Anderson's Scottish Nation.]
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Stirling, James (1791-1865)

​STIRLING, Sir JAMES (1791–1865), admiral and first governor of Western Australia, born in 1791, was fifth son of Andrew Stirling of Drumpellier, Lanarkshire, by Anne, daughter of Sir Walter Stirling [q. v.] He entered the navy in August 1803 on board the Camel storeship, in which he went out to the West Indies, where he was moved into the Hercule, of 74 guns, flagship of Sir John Thomas Duckworth. In 1805 he was in the Glory, then flagship of his uncle, Rear-admiral Charles Stirling [see under Stirling, Sir Walter], and was in the action off Cape Finisterre on 22 July 1805. He continued with his uncle in the Sampson, and again in the Diadem, in which he served during the operations in the Rio de la Plata in 1807. He was promoted to be lieutenant on 12 Aug. 1809, and in 1811 went out to the West Indies as flag-lieutenant to his uncle; by him he was promoted on 19 June 1812 to the command of the Brazen sloop, in which for some months he cruised successfully off the mouths of the Mississippi. Still in the Brazen, he was afterwards in Hudson's Bay, in the North Sea, on the coast of Ireland, and again in the Gulf of Mexico, and after the peace commanded her in the West Indies till 1818. On the special recommendation of the commander-in-chief, he was promoted to post rank on 7 Dec. 1818.
On 25 Jan. 1826 he was appointed to the Success, and sent to form a settlement in Raffles Bay, Torres Strait. For the successful performance of that duty he was highly complimented by the commander-in​chief and by the government of New South Wales. His report of further explorations in 1827 determined the government to attempt a settlement in Western Australia, and in October 1828 he was appointed to command a party of intending colonists. The expedition sailed in the spring of 1829, and reached its destination in August. The sites of two towns, Freemantle and Perth, were marked out, and within four months of its foundation the colony had a population of thirteen hundred. Stirling remained governor of Western Australia till 1839, when the apparent imminence of a war with France led him to resign the appointment in order to return to active service. From 1840 to 1844 he commanded the Indus, of 78 guns, in the Mediterranean, and from 1847 to 1850 the Howe, of 120 guns, on the same station. On 8 July 1851 he was promoted to be rear-admiral. He was commander-in-chief in China and the East Indies from January 1854 to February 1856, during the war with Russia, which, however, scarcely interfered with the routine of the station. He became vice-admiral on 22 Aug. 1857, and admiral on 22 Nov. 1862. He was a Knight Grand Cross of the Redeemer of Greece, and died on 22 April 1865. He married, in 1823, Ellen, daughter of James Mangles of Woodbridge, and by her had a large family. His daughter, Georgiana Janet, married first Sir Henry Tombs [q. v.], and secondly Sir Herbert Stewart [q. v.]
J. K. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Stisted, Henry William

1904 Errata appended.
​STISTED, Sir HENRY WILLIAM (1817–1875), general, son of Charles Stisted, lieutenant-colonel of the 3rd hussars, who ​died on 24 July 1842, by his wife Eliza, daughter of Major-general Burn, was born at St. Omer, France, in 1817. After being educated at Sandhurst, he entered the army as an ensign in the 2nd foot on 4 Dec. 1835, and served with his regiment in Afghanistan and Beloochistan, taking part in the storming of Ghuznee, where he was wounded at the gateway, the capture of Khelat, and the occupation of Cabul, for which he received a medal. On 19 April 1850 he was gazetted lieutenant-colonel of the 78th foot, and in the Persian war of 1856 and 1857 commanded a brigade in the night attack and battle of Kooshat, and took charge of his own regiment at the bombardment of Mohamrah, after which he received the thanks of the governor-general as well as a medal and clasps. He commanded the advanced guard of Havelock's force at the relief of Lucknow, 25 Sept. 1857, when (on Brigadier-general James George Smith Neill [q. v.] being killed) he was appointed to command the first brigade. That post he held until the close of the operations, when on 1 Jan. 1858 he was nominated C.B. In that year he served also in Rohilcund, and commanded the second brigade at the battle of Bareilly on 7 May.
He became lieutenant-colonel of the 93rd foot on 30 Sept. 1859, and served with the field force against the mountain tribes on the north-west frontier of India in December 1863. He was nominated to a divisional command in Canada in 1867, and appointed lieutenant-governor of Ontario in June of the same year. For his services in this capacity he received the thanks of the governor-general of Canada, and was nominated a K.C.B. on 20 May 1871. On 5 Feb. 1873 he was appointed a lieutenant-general, and was nominated colonel of the 93rd foot on 28 Sept. 1873. He died at Wood House, Upper Norwood, Surrey, on 10 Dec. 1875, having married in 1845 Maria, daughter of Lieutenant-colonel Burton.
G. C. B.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.259 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 388 | i | 17-16 f.e. | Stisted, Sir Henry W.: for daughter of Lieutenant-colonel Burton, read sister of Sir Richard Francis Burton. |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Stirling, Robert

​STIRLING, ROBERT (1790–1878), divine and inventor, was born in Perthshire in 1790. He was licensed by the presbytery of Dumbarton on 4 July 1815, and, being presented to the second charge at Kilmarnock in Ayrshire by the commissioner for the Duke of Portland, was ordained on 19 Sept. 1816. On 20 Jan. 1824 he was translated to Galston, Ayrshire, where he remained for upwards of fifty-three years. He received the honorary degree of D.D. from the university of St. Andrews on 11 Jan. 1840. On 30 May 1842 he was suspended with nine others by the general assembly from his judicial functions in the presbytery and the other higher courts for holding communion with the deposed ministers of Strathbogie, but was reinstated on 1 March 1843. After two years of failing health he died at Galston on 6 June 1878. He married Jane, eldest daughter of William Rankine, wine merchant, Galston, on 10 July 1819. By her he had three sons, Patrick and William, civil engineers, and David, minister of Craigie in Perthshire.
On 16 Nov. 1816 he took out a patent (No. 4081) for an engine which produced motive power by means of heated air, and on 1 Feb. 1827 and 1 Oct. 1840 he took further patents (Nos. 5456, 8652) of the same nature. One engine of 45-horse power was actually constructed on his model and employed for three years in driving machinery at the Dundee foundry. He also constructed many optical and other scientific instruments.
[Kilmarnock Standard, 8 June 1878; Scott's Fasti Ecclesiæ Scoticanæ, II. i. 116, 176; Ward's Men of the Reign, p. 852; Woodcroft's Alphabetical List of Patentees.]
E. I. C.
# Dramas (Baillie)/The Alienated Manor

THE
ALIENATED MANOR:
A COMEDY.
IN FIVE ACTS.
PERSONS OF THE DRAMA.
MEN:
Charville. Crafton. Sir Robert Freemantle, Nephew to Crafton. Smitchenstault, a German Philosopher. Sir Level Clump, an Improver. Dickenson and Isaac, Domestics of Charville. Sancho, a Black.
WOMEN.
Mrs. Charville. Mary, Sister to Charville. Mrs. Smoothly. Dolly.
Scene, Charville's House in the Country, and the Woods &c. belonging to it, or near it.
* Act 1
* Act 2
* Act 3
* Act 4
* Act 5