OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/wett

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry wett. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ wett, adjective, ‘equal, even,’ from late Middle High German wętte, adjective, ‘paid off.’ A recent derivative of the noun Wette, feminine, ‘bet, wager,’ Middle High German wętte, węte, węt (tt), neuter and feminine, Old High German wętti, węti, neuter, ‘mortgage contract, legal obligation, pledge, stake (in a bet), compensation, fine’ (the last three meanings first occur in Middle High German). Compare Anglo-Saxon wędd, Old Icelandic veð, Gothic wadi, neuter, ‘pledge, earnest.’ From Old Teutonic wadjo-, the Romance cognates, Italian gaggio and French gage, ‘pledge,’ are borrowed. The following are also primitively allied to Teutonic Wette; Latin văs (vadis), ‘surety,’ vădimonium, ‘bail, security,’ Lithuanian vadůti, ‘to redeem a pledge,’ and perhaps also Greek ἄεθλος (root ϝεθ), ‘prize (of contest),’ which point to an Aryan root wedh.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/wenn

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry wenn. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ wenn, conjunction, ‘if, when,’ from Middle High German węnne, wanne; identical with wann. Compare the following word.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/werben

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry werben. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ werben, verb, ‘to sue (for), solicit,’ from Middle High German wërben (wërven), Old High German wërban, wërvan (earlier hwërfan), strong verb, ‘to turn, walk to and fro, strive hard, make an effort, be active, be doing something, accomplish something.’ For the evolution of meaning of Modern High German werben, compare Latin ambire. The literal sense of the Teutonic root hwërf is ‘to move to and fro,’ as is shown by Wirbel. Compare Old Saxon hwërƀan, ‘to walk to and fro,’ Dutch werven, ‘to woo,’ Gothic hwaírban (and hwarbôn), ‘to wander.’ A corresponding Aryan root qerp (kerp) is not found in non-Teutonic. Compare Werft (2).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/werden

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry werden. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ werden, verb, ‘to become, grow, get,’ ​from the equivalent Middle High German wërden, Old High German wërdan; a common Teutonic verb; compare Gothic waírþan, Anglo-Saxon weorþan (obsolete in English), Dutch worden, ‘to become.’ The Teutonic strong verbal root werþ has no corresponding and equivalent Aryan wert, yet it is undoubtedly connected with Latin verto, ‘to turn,’ Old Slovenian vrŭtěti, vratiti, ‘to turn,’ Sanscrit vṛt, ‘to turn, roll’; ‘to turn’ developed in Teutonic into ‘to become, arise’ (compare Sanscrit sam vṛt, ‘to arise’). The earlier meaning ‘to turn’ is rightly supposed to exist in the suffix -wärts (which see), as well as in Middle High German wirtel, ‘spindle ring,’ equivalent to Old Slovenian vrěteno, ‘distaff.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/werfen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry werfen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ werfen, verb, ‘to cast, throw,’ from the equivalent Middle High German wërfen, Old High German wërfan (wërpfan); a common Teutonic strong verb; compare Gothic waírpan, Old Icelandic verpa, Anglo-Saxon weorpan, English to warp, Dutch werpen, Old Saxon wërpan, ‘to throw.’ From Teutonic are borrowed Old French guerpir, French déguerpir, ‘to leave in the lurch.’ The Teutonic root werp contained in these words is based upon werq, from pre-Teutonic werg (compare Wolf with Greek λύκος, fünf with quinque, and vier with quattnor); the primitively allied Sanscrit vṛj, ‘to throw down,’ and Old Slovenian vrŭgą (vrěšti), ‘to throw,’ have a guttural sound. Allied to the following word and to Würfel.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/wenig

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry wenig. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ wenig, adjective, ‘little, few,’ from Middle High German wênec, weinec (g), Old High German wênag weinag, adjective. As a derivative of the Teutonic root wai (see weh and weinen), the adjective signified primarily in Old High German and Middle High German ‘deplorable, lamentable, unfortunate’ (so too Gothic wainags); from ‘unfortunate,’ the Middle High German ‘weak, small, trifling, little’ is derived.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/wer

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry wer. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ wer, pronoun, ‘who,’ from Middle High German and Old High German wër (earlier hwër), interrogative pronoun; the nominative singular preserves the r as a representative of old s; compare Gothic hwas, ‘who,’ also Anglo-Saxon hwâ, English who. The Teutonic stem of the interrogative pronoun was hwa-, hwe-, from Aryan ko, ke, which is found in non-Teutonic in Latin quo-d, Greek πότερος, (κότερος), Lithuanian and Sanscrit kas, ‘who.’ Hence wann, weder, welch, wenn, wie, and wo. Further details belong to grammar.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/recken

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry recken. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ recken, verb, ‘to stretch, rack, reach forth,’ from Middle High German ręcken, Old High German ręcchen, ‘to stretch out, extend,’ corresponding to Dutch rekken, ‘to stretch out,’ whence English to rack is borrowed, Gothic uf-rakjan, ‘to stretch out,’ to which Gothic rahtôn, ‘to proffer.’ From Teutonic is derived Italian recare, ‘to bring.’ The assumed direct connection between the common Teutonic verb and Gothic rikan, ‘to collect,’ literally ‘to scrape together,’ must on account of the meaning be abandoned in favour of its relation to Lithuanian rążau, rążyti, ‘to stretch,’ Latin por-rigo, ‘I stretch,’ and Greek ὀρέγειν, ‘to stretch.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/reden

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry reden. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ reden, verb, ‘to speak, talk, converse,’ from the equivalent Middle High German ręden, Old High German rędiôn, rędôn, also Old High German rędinôn, just as in the case of Old High German rędia the equivalent variant rędina occurs (compare Old Saxon ręðion, ‘to speak’); from this Old High German rędinôn, is derived Old High German rędinâri, Middle High German rędenœre, Modern High German Redner, ‘orator.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/reffen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry reffen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ reffen, verb, ‘to hatchel hemp or flax,’ from Middle High German reffen (a variant of raffen), ‘to tug, pluck.’ The Modern High German sense is probably based on a Low German word. Compare Dutch repel, ‘breaking flax,’ repelen, ‘to break flax,’ English ripple, ‘hatchel.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/rege

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry rege. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ rege, adjective, ‘astir, lively, active,’ Modern High German only; see regen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/reiben

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry reiben. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ reiben, verb, ‘to rub, scratch, scour,’ from the equivalent Middle High German rîben, Old High German rîban, for an older *wrîban, whence French riper, ‘to scrape’; compare Low German wrîven, Dutch wrijven, ‘to rub.’ The Teutonic root wrī̆b has not yet been found in the other Aryan languages.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/redlich

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry redlich. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ redlich, adjective, ‘honest, candid,’ from Middle High German rędelîch, ‘eloquent, intelligent, upright, sturdy,’ Old High German rędilîh, ‘intelligent’; allied to Old High German rędia, Middle High German ręde, ‘understanding, account.’ See Rede.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/reif

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry reif. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ reif, adjective, ‘ripe, mature,’ from the equivalent Middle High German rîfe, Old High German rîfi, adjective; corresponding to the equivalent Old Saxon rîpi, Dutch rijp, Anglo-Saxon rîpe, English ripe; a verbal adjective allied to Anglo-Saxon rī̆pan, ‘to reap’ (whence English to reap), signifying ‘that which can be reaped.’ The Teutonic root rîp, with the original sense ‘to cut, reap’ (compare Anglo-Saxon rîfter, ‘sickle’), has not yet been found in the other Aryan languages.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/regen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry regen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ regen, verb, ‘to stir up, move, excite,’ from Middle High German ręgen, ‘to cause to project, set up, excite, move, awaken,’ a factitive of Middle High German rëgen, ‘to rise, tower,’ hence primitively allied to ragen. Akin also to Middle High German rœhe, ‘rigid, stiff.’ The Teutonic root rag, rē̆h, of these cognates has not yet been found in the allied languages. See rege.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/reich

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry reich. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ reich, adjective, ‘rich, copious, abounding,’ from Middle High German rîhhi, Old High German rîhhi, adjective, ‘mighty, rich, splendid’; corresponding to Old Saxon rîki, ‘mighty, powerful,’ Anglo-Saxon rîce, ‘mighty, powerful,’ English rich, Gothic reiks, ‘mighty, distinguished.’ From the German adjective the equivalent Romance cognates are derived; compare Italian ricco, French riche, ‘rich.’ The comon Teutonic adjective is a derivative of the root *rîk, ‘king,’ discussed under the preceding word, hence ‘mighty’ is the earlier meaning of the cognates; ‘royal’ (Latin régius) is the original sense.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/reichen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry reichen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ reichen, verb, ‘to reach, extend, suffice,’ from Middle High German ‘to arrive at, attain, proffer. suffice, extend,’ Old High German reihhen, ‘to proffer, extend’; corresponding to Anglo-Saxon rœ̂čan (from *raikjan), and the equivalent English to reach. Its connection with Gothic rakjan, ‘to reach,’ rahtôn, ‘to proffer,’ is not probable, for phonetic reasons; and on account of its meaning, the word can scarcely be related to the cognates of *rîk, ‘ruler,’ mentioned under Reich.
# The Book of the Thousand Nights and One Night/The Foolish Weaver

Second-level story, contained in The Thief and His Monkey
THE FOOLISH WEAVER.
There was once in a certain village a weaver who could not earn his living save by excessive toil. One day, it chanced that a rich man of the neighbourhood made a feast and bade the folk thereto. The weaver was present ​and saw such as were richly clad served with delicate meats and made much of by the master of the house, for what he saw of their gallant array. So he said in himself, “If I change this my craft for another, easier and better considered and paid, I shall amass store of wealth and buy rich clothes, that so I may rise in rank and be exalted in men’s eyes and become like unto these.” Presently, one of the mountebanks there climbed up to the top of a steep and lofty wall and threw himself down, alighting on his feet; which when the weaver saw, he said to himself, “Needs must I do as this fellow hath done, for surely I shall not fail of it.” So he climbed up on to the wall and casting himself down to the ground, broke his neck and died forthright.
Return to The Thief and His Monkey.
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# The Book of the Thousand Nights and One Night/The Fuller and His Son

Second-level story, contained in The Malice of Women
THE FULLER AND HIS SON.
There was once a fuller, who used every day to go forth to the bank of the Tigris, to clean clothes; and his son was wont to go with him and swim about in the river, whilst his father was fulling, nor did the latter forbid him from this. One day, as the boy was swimming, he was taken with cramp in the arms and sank, whereupon the fuller plunged into the water and caught hold of him; but the boy clung about him and pulled him down and so father and son were both drowned.
Return to The Malice of Women.
This work is a translation and has a separate copyright status to the applicable copyright protections of the original content.
# The Book of the Thousand Nights and One Night/The Fox and the Wild Ass

Second-level story, contained in King Jelyaad of Hind and His Vizier Shimas
THE FOX AND THE WILD ASS.
A certain fox was wont every day to leave his earth and go forth in quest of prey. One day, as he was in a certain mountain, the night overtook him and he set out to return. On his way, he fell in with another fox, and each began to tell the other of the prey he had gotten. Quoth the new-comer, “The other day I chanced upon a wild ass and rejoiced in this and thanked God the Most High for bringing him into my power, for that I was anhungred and it was three days since I had eaten. So I tore out his heart and ate it and was full and returned to my earth. That was three days ago and since then I have found ​nothing to eat, yet am I still full of meat.” When the other fox heard his fellow’s story, he envied him his fulness and said in himself, “Needs must I eat a wild ass’s heart.” So he left eating some days, till he became emaciated and nigh upon death and bestirred not himself neither did his endeavour [to get food], but lay coiled up in his earth.
One day there came out two hunters in quest of prey and started a wild ass. They followed in his track all day, till at last one of them shot at him a barbed arrow, which pierced his heart and killed him, and he fell down before the fox’s hole. Then the hunters came up and finding him dead, pulled out the arrow from his heart, but only the shaft came away and the barbed head abode in the wound. So they left him where he lay, expecting that others of the wild beasts would flock to him; but, when it was night and nothing fell to them, they returned to their abiding-places. The fox, hearing the commotion at the mouth of his hole, lay quiet till nightfall, when he came forth of his earth, groaning for weakness and hunger, and seeing the dead ass lying at his door, was like to fly for joy and said, “Praised be God who hath made my desire easy to me without toil! Verily, I had lost hope of coming at a wild ass or aught else; and assuredly God hath sent him to me and made him fall in my place.”
Then he sprang on the dead ass and tearing open its belly, thrust in his head and routed about in its guts, till he found the heart and tearing it out, swallowed it: but the barbed head of the arrow stuck in his gullet and he could neither get it down into his belly nor bring it forth of his throat. So he made sure of destruction and said, “Of a truth it beseemeth not the creature to seek [aught] over and above that which God hath allotted to him. Had I been content with what He allotted me, I had ​not come to destruction.”
Return to King Jelyaad of Hind and His Vizier Shimas.
This work is a translation and has a separate copyright status to the applicable copyright protections of the original content.
# The Book of the Thousand Nights and One Night/The Foolish Fisherman

Second-level story, contained in King Jelyaad of Hind and His Vizier Shimas
THE FOOLISH FISHERMAN.
A fisherman went forth one day to a certain river, to fish there, as of his wont; and when he came thither and walked upon the bridge, he saw a great fish in the water and said to himself, “It will not serve me to abide here, but I will follow yonder fish whithersoever it goeth, till I take it, for it will dispense me from fishing days and days.” So he put off his clothes and plunged into the river after the fish. The current bore him along till he overtook it and laid hold of it, when he turned and found himself far from land. However, he would not loose the fish and return, but ventured himself and gripping it fast with both hands, let his body float with the current, which carried him on till it cast him into a whirlpool which none might enter and be saved therefrom. With this he fell to crying out and saying, “Save a drowning man!” And there came to him folk of the keepers of the river and said to him, “What ailed thee to cast thyself into this grievous peril?” Quoth he, “It was I myself who forsook the plain way wherein was salvation and gave myself over to covetise and perdition.” “O fellow,” said they, “why didst thou leave the way of safety and cast thyself into this destruction, knowing from of old that none may enter herein and be saved? What hindered thee from throwing away what was in thy hand and saving thyself? So hadst ​thou escaped with thy life and not fallen into this perdition, from which there is no deliverance; and now not one of us can rescue thee from this strait.” So the man gave up hope of life and lost that which was in his hand and for which his soul had prompted him to venture himself and perish miserably.
Return to King Jelyaad of Hind and His Vizier Shimas.
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# The Book of the Thousand Nights and One Night/The Foolish Schoolmaster

First-level story, told by Shehrzad
THE FOOLISH SCHOOLMASTER.
A man of elegant culture once entered a school and sitting down by the master, entered into discourse with him and found him an accomplished theologian, poet, grammarian and lexicographer, intelligent, well bred and pleasant; whereat he wondered, saying in himself, ‘It cannot be that a man, who teaches children in a school, should have a perfect wit.’ When he was about to go away, the schoolmaster said to him, ‘Thou art my guest to-night;’ and he consented and accompanied him to his house, where he made much of him and set food before him. They ate and drank and sat talking, till a third part of the night was past, when the host spread his guest a bed and went up to his harem. The other lay down and addressed himself to sleep, when, behold, there arose a great clamour in the harem. He asked what was to do, and they said, ‘A terrible thing hath befallen the sheikh, and he is at the last gasp.’ ‘Take me up to him,’ said he. So they carried him to the schoolmaster, whom he found lying insensible, with his blood streaming down. He sprinkled water on his face and when he revived, he said to him, ‘What has betided thee? When thou leftest me, thou wast in all good cheer and sound of body.’ ‘O my brother,’ answered the schoolmaster, ‘after I left thee, I sat meditating on the works of God the Most High and said to myself, “In every thing God hath created for man there is an use; for He (to whom be glory) created the hands to seize, the feet to walk, the eyes to see, the ears to hear and the yard to do the deed of kind; and so on with all the members of the body, except these two cullions; there is no use in them.” So I took a razor I had by me and cut them off; and there befell me what thou seest.’ So the guest left him and went away, saying, ‘He was in ​the right who said, “No schoolmaster who teaches children can have a perfect wit, though he know all sciences.”’
This work is a translation and has a separate copyright status to the applicable copyright protections of the original content.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Puls

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Puls. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Puls, masculine, ‘pulse,’ from the equivalent late Middle High German puls, masculine and feminine; Latin pulsus (akin to pulsare, ‘to beat’), ‘beat’ (of the pulse), ​is shown by Dutch pols, English pulse, French pouls, Italian polso, &c., to be a common term in medicine in the Middle Ages,
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Prügel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Prügel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Prügel, masculine, ‘cudgel,’ from late Middle High German brügel, masculine, ‘club’; allied to Middle High German brüge, ‘wooden platform.’ The history of the word is obscure.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Psittich

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Psittich. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Psittich, see Sittich.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Puder

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Puder. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Puder, masculine, ‘powder, hair-powder,’ Modern High German only, from French poudre.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Pult

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Pult. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Pult, masculine and neuter, ‘desk, writing-desk,’ from the equivalent late Middle High German pult, neuter, with the older variants pulpt, pulpet, pulpit. A later loan-word from Latin pulpĭtum, ‘wooden platform,’ whence also Italian pulpito, ‘pulpit,’ French pupitre, ‘desk’ (English pulpit).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Probst

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Probst. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Probst and Provoß, see Propst.