OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Executive Order 12629

more info.
See the Notes section for a list of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President Ronald Reagan Wednesday, March 9, 1988
Federal Register page & date: 53 FR 7875, Friday, March 11, 1988
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States of America, including Section 126a(2) of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended (a)(2)), and having determined that, upon the expiration of the period specified in the first proviso to Section 126a(2) of such Act and extended for 12-month periods by Executive Orders Nos. 12193, 12295, 12351, 12409, 12463, 12506, 12554, and 12587, failure to continue peaceful nuclear cooperation with the European Atomic Energy Community would be seriously prejudicial to the achievement of U.S. non-proliferation objectives and would otherwise jeopardize the common defense and security of the United States, and having notified the Congress of this determination, I hereby extend the duration of that period to March 10, 1989. Executive Order No. 12587 shall be superseded on the effective date of this Executive Order.

## Notes
### Supersedes

* Executive Order 12587, March 9, 1987

### Superseded by

* Executive Order 12670, March 9, 1989

### See Related

* Executive Order 12193, February 12, 1980;
* Executive Order 12295, February 24, 1981;
* Executive Order 12351, March 9, 1982;
* Executive Order 12409, March 7, 1983;
* Executive Order 12463, February 23, 1984;
* Executive Order 12506, March 4, 1985;
* Executive Order 12554, February 28, 1986;
* Executive Order 12587, March 9, 1987;
* Executive Order 12670, March 9, 1989;
* Executive Order 12706, March 9, 1990;
* Executive Order 12753, March 8, 1991;
* Executive Order 12791, March 9, 1992;
* Executive Order 12840, March 9, 1993;
* Executive Order 12903, March 9, 1994;
* Executive Order 12955, March 9, 1995
* Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Sa-pu-su

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​SA-pu-su. See under Sabsu.
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Sahaliyen

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​SAHALIYEN 薩哈璘, d. 1636, age 33 (sui), was a member of the Imperial Family, and the third son of Daišan [q. v.]. Possessed of an education rather above the average, he began his military career by taking part in the 1625 and 1626 campaigns against Mongol tribes—the Chahar, the Barin, and the Jarut—for which in the latter year he was promoted to the rank of beile. In 1627 he was wounded at T'a-shan while fighting the Chinese in the attempt to capture the cities of Chin-chou and Ning-yüan. Two years later he was one of the leading spirits in the expedition which penetrated China from Mongolia; and after the capture of Yung-p'ing on February 15, 1630, he shared with Jirgalang [q. v.] the task of holding the city. Shortly afterwards Amin [q. v.] was sent to relieve them and Sahaliyen returned to Shêng-ching (Mukden), the capital, where in the following year he was placed in charge of the Ministry of Rites in the newly organized government. For the next five years, while carrying on the duties of his office, he was intermittently active in the war against the Ming in Shansi. At the beginning of 1636 he fell suddenly ill, and died four months later. He was posthumously given the title of Ying ch'in-wang 頴親王, and in 1671 the name of I 毅. During the Ch'ien-lung period, in 1754, he was given a place in the Temple of Eminent Princes at Shêng-ching. His second son, Lekedehun [q. v.], ​was the founder of a second-class princedom with rights of perpetual inheritance.
[1/222/13b; 2/2/37/a; 3/首7/6a; 34/122/1a.]
George A. Kennedy
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Shang Chih-hsiao

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​SHANG Chih-hsiao 尚之孝, d. 1696, age 57 (sui), was the third son of Shang K'o-hsi [q. v.]. His childhood was spent with his father in Kwangtung, where the latter ruled as an independent prince, and where in 1674 Shang Chih-hsiao received a commission as general in the frontier army. Sent by his father to check the spread of the San-fan Rebellion (see under Wu San-kuei) into Kwangtung, he won several victories over the enemy and was rewarded by the Emperor in 1675 with the title, P'ing-nan Ta Chiang-chün 平南大將軍, or Generalissimo who Pacifies the South. After an ineffectual siege of Ch'ao-chou lasting more than a year he was defeated by the rebel commander, Liu Chin-chung 劉進忠, who was assisted by Chêng Ching, son of the famous Chêng Ch'êng-kung [qq. v.]. He retired to Hui-chou, but was soon forced to leave because his elder brother, Shang Chih-hsin [q. v.], had joined forces with the rebels. In 1677, after the latter had reaffirmed his loyalty to the government, Shang Chih-hsiao went to Peking and was given a seat on the supreme military council. In order to wipe out the shame of his former losses in Kwangtung he asked to be sent with 3,000 recruits against the rebels who were still strongly entrenched in southern China. He received a commission as Hsüan-i Chiang-chün 宣義將軍 (General who Propagates Righteousness), and then went with the forces of Labu [q. v.] into Kiangsi. Here he was active from 1678 to 1680, returning in the latter year to Peking. When the death sentence was meted out to his brother, Shang Chih-hsin, in the winter of that year, it was suggested that he be included in the general punishment; but by command of the Emperor he was pardoned and resumed his seat on the council. In 1681 he received permission to attend to the burial of his father in Liaotung, but when he failed to return, after an absence of more than two years, he was condemned as disloyal and was deprived of official position. He died in 1696.
Shang Chih-hsiao is considered to have been the second recipient of the hereditary title of prince which had been conferred on his father, Shang K'o-hsi. In 1674 he was appointed to succeed to the title in place of his dissolute elder brother; but fearing the latter, he did not assume full powers, letting the control of the princedom remain in the hands of his father.
[1/240/13a; 2/5/32b; 3/276/5a; 11/8/10a.]
George A. Kennedy
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Shao-tsung

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​SHAO-tsung. Temple name of Chu Yü-chien [q. v.].
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Shao-wu

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​SHAO-wu. Reign-title of Chu Yü-yüeh (see under Chu Yü-chien).
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Pu-chan-t'ai

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​PU-chan-t'ai. See under Bujantai.
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Sha-êr-hu-ta

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​SHA-êr-hu-ta. See under Šarhûda.
# Ex parte Coy

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
127 U.S. 731
Ex parte Coy
D. W. Voorhees and Cyrus F. McNutt, for appellants.
Atty. Gen. Garland and E. B. Sellers, for appellee.
MILLER, J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Ex parte Dante

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
228 U.S. 429
Ex parte Dante
Argued: April 14, 1913. --- Decided: April 28, 1913
Messrs. Edwin C. Brandenburg, Clarence A. Brandenburg, and F. Walter Brandenburg for petitioner.
Messrs. Wharton E. Lester and michael J. Colbert for respondents.
Mr. Chief Justice White delivered the opinion of court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Ex parte Crane v. Crane

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.

## Dissenting Opinion

    Baldwin
United States Supreme Court
30 U.S. 190
Ex parte Crane v. Crane
MR Hoffman moved the court for a writ of mandamus to be directed to the circuit court of the United States for the southern district of New York in the second circuit, commanding that court to review its settlement of certain bills of exceptions, which were tendered on the part of the defendants on the trials of those cases in the circuit court, and to correct, settle and allow, and insert in the said bills, the charges to the jury in each case, or the substance thereof; and also for such other and further order and relief in the premises, as the court shall deem just and proper.
This motion was made after notice to the plaintiffs in the ejectments, and was founded on an affidavit made by Green C. Bronson, Esq, the attorney general of New York, who was of counsel for the defendants in the circuit court, a copy of which affidavit had been served upon the counsel for the plaintiffs in the suits.
The facts set forth in the affidavit and the papers referred to, are fully stated in the opinion of the court.
The case was submitted to the court, without argument, by Mr Hoffman and Mr Webster for the relators, and by Mr Ogden and Mr Wirt for the plaintiffs in the circuit court.
Mr Chief Justice MARSHALL delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Essays Upon The Making Of Salt-Petre And Gun-Powder/In CONGRESS, Philadelphia, July 28, 1775

New York Colony Committee of Safety, pages 5–7
In CONGRESS,
Philadelphia, July 28, 1775.
WHEREAS the safety and freedom of every community depends greatly upon having the means of defence in its own power, and that the United Colonies may not, during the continuance of their present important consent for Liberty, nor in any future time be under the expensive, uncertain, and dangerous necessity of relying on foreign importations of Gun-powder. And it being very certain from observation and experiment, that Salt-Petre is to be obtained in great abundance from most parts of this Northern Continent; that the surface of the earth, in long used tobacco warehouses and their yards, or of common tobacco houses is particularly and strongly impregnated with Nitre.
Resolved, That it be recommended to the Provincial Conventions of the tobacco colonies, that as quickly as may be, they appoint one or more manufactories on each river, contiguous to the
To the Assemblies and Conventions of the other colonies, it is recommended immediately to put in practice such other mode of making Salt-Petre, as may be found best adapted to their respective circumstances.
That all persons may be encouraged to apply themselves to the manufacture of Salt-petre, it is recommended to the several Assemblies and Conventions, to buy up, on account of the United Colonies, all the good and merchantable Salt-petre, at half a dollar for each pound, that is, or shall be made in their respective colonies before the first day of October, 1776.
It is recommended, that the collecting Sulphur be encouraged:---And it is recommended to the several Provincial Conventions, to grant such premiums, for the refining of Sulphur in their respective Provinces, as may be judged proper.
And it is further recommended to the several Assemblies and Conventions, that they cause mills to be erected and skilful persons to be procured and employed for making Gun-powder.
As Salt-petre is an article so necessary for defence, and in other respects so extensively useful, it is an object that not only requires the public patronage, but demands the attention of individuals: The following systems or methods of making Salt-petre, suited to different circumstances and different materials, is recommended to the attent​tion of the good people of these United Colonies.
By Order of the Congress,
JOHN HANCOCK, President.
IT has long been an an opinion among Chemists and natural historians, that Salt-petre is a natural production. It has been said to be found in large quantities on the surface of the earth in Persia, India and China, where it is said to impart a coldness to the atmosphere; but some late enquiries gave us reason to suspect that the whole of these accounts are without foundation. They were probably propagated by the natives of these countries, only to preserve in their hands the manufactory of so useful an article of trade. All the Salt-petre which is imported from the
# Essays Upon The Making Of Salt-Petre And Gun-Powder/Hanover

New York Colony Committee of Safety, pages 17–18
​ [ 17 ]
An old woman was the skillful person who directed the whole; her husband and a servant man were labourers; a servant maid sometimes assisting, the woman attended to the boiling and crystallization--- the business of the men was, to shave off with a sharp spade about one quarter of an inch of the surface of the earthen walls, and bring it in with wheel-barrows; then fill the cask with it, and fetch water to pour on it the casks--- they also emptied such casks as had been drained of their virtue, and carried out the earth, plaistering it up again on the wall it was shaved from, and proceeding to shave off from the others to fill the emptied casks. Thus in the course of a summer they went round all the walls. The first water that passed through the earth was that which was boiled, the second was reserved, being weaker, but having some virtue in it to be poured on the fresh earth. This work supplied all the electorate of Hanover with Salt-petre. All the gun-powder for the King's troops 12,000 men, the forts, &c. was made from this Salt-petre : The house and utensils could scarce be worth above 50 l. sterling. There was no shelter to those mud walls.
The following Method, said to be practised with great Success in Pennsylvania, is subjoined to the above Account.
T H E Germans in Pennsylvania say, that every horse stable has under it a great quantity of
B 3 ​ [ 18 ]
mould or earth, which abounds with Salt-petre, and they say they have very early methods of extracting it.--- I will insert one, which they say is certain and short--- dig up earth, or mellow mould under an old horse stable, put it into a tub, fill the tub with water and let it stand 24 hours.---Then leak it off slowly, then boil it for the space of one hour.--- Then filtrate it through another tub of ashes, then put it into a kettle and boil it, until it grows yellow. Then for trial drop it on a cold stone or cold iron, and it will crystalize.---Then set it by in trays in cool places, and it will be crystalized and the Salt-petre formed.---This is confidently affirmed here to be infallible.
THE Committeee for propagating the manufacturing of SALT-PETRE, in the colony of Massachusett's Bay, having been so happy as to discover an easy, simple, and successful method of making that article with earth from under old buildings, are sufficiently warranted (from their own experience) to recommend the following processes as easy and infallible. The subscriber has himself assisted in making fifty weight of good Salt-petre in five days, by this method, and that from forty bushels of earth only, taken from under one old house; and I know of no person who has tried the following method, but what have had nearly the same success;
# Essays and Addresses (Jebb)

ESSAYS AND ADDRESSES
BY
SIR RICHARD JEBB, Litt.D., O.M.
LATE REGIUS PROFESSOR OF GREEK IN THE
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE
Cambridge:
at the University Press
1907
Cambridge:
PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A.
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
PREFACE.
THE essays and addresses contained in this volume are selected from a large mass of material left by Sir Richard Jebb. I publish them in the desire to save from oblivion some portion of his minor literary work, which occupied the spare moments of a busy life. Of the papers thus brought together, some were contributed to reviews and magazines, while others were written in response to the many requests that came to him from various schools and societies; requests it was a pleasure to him to grant, if they could be fitted in with his other duties. It was always his desire to give what aid he could in the cause of letters or education. Most of these writings were struck off under pressure of many engagements. Systematic they are not, yet neither are they mere fragments. Each is, in a sense, complete in itself, and all seem to bear the mark of his distinctive handling.
I am greatly indebted to Mr S. H. Butcher, M.P., for his assistance in making this selection; ​to Dr Verrall for consenting to correct the proofs and see the book through the Press; and to Mr R. T. Wright for much valuable counsel.
That I am allowed to republish Humanism in Education is due to the kind offices of the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford, who obtained this permission for me from the Trustees of the Romanes Fund.
My sincere thanks are also due to Messrs Macmillan & Co., to Messrs Longman & Co., to the Editor of the Journal of Hellenic Studies, and to the Editor of Hellenica, for permitting me to include in this volume articles published in the first instance by them.
CAROLINE JEBB.
    Cambridge,
       April, 1907.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Essays and Addresses

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Essays and Addresses."
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This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Essays and Addresses, a work by Arthur James Balfour
* Essays and Addresses, a work by Richard Claverhouse Jebb
# Essays Upon The Making Of Salt-Petre And Gun-Powder/In COMMITTEE of SAFETY, During the Recess of the PROVINCIAL CONGRESS, January 17th, 1776.

New York Colony Committee of Safety, pages 3–4
In COMMITTEE of SAFETY,
During the Recess of the
PROVINCIAL CONGRESS,
January 17th, 1776.
THE wicked practices of a corrupt Administration, and their hostile attempts to compel an obedience to several actors of the British Parliament, evidently subversive of all the rights and privileges, which, as God's rational creatures, we are entitled to, and as Englishmen have inherited by the laws of our country, have constrained the inhabitants of these colonies to take up arms in the defence of their lives, liberties, and property. The Ministry, flattering themselves, that so young a country, unused to manufactures of every kind, will not be able to procure the means of defence within itself, have made, and will undoubtedly continue to make it a principal object of their attention, to preclude us from foreign supplies of
A 2 ​military stores. The Committee would therefore conceive themselves most culpable deficient, in the discharge of their important trust, as Guardians of the public security, should they not do all in their power to promote the manufacture of those articles. Without these, the greatest unanimity, virtue, and fortitude can afford us little prospect of success, in the present interesting struggle. To that end, the Committee have thought it necessary to publish the following Essays upon the manufacture of Salt-petre and Gun-powder; not doubting, that a due consideration of the danger of resting the liberties of this large and growing country upon foreign supplies, which will be extremely precarious, and at all events very expensive, will induce the inhabitants of this colony to do every thing in their power to supply the Continent with these necessary articles. And the more effectually to urge to attempt those manufactures, this Committee have thought it proper to preface those Essays with the following Resolution of the Continental Congress.
By Order of the Committee of Safety,
PIERRE VAN CORTLANDT, Chairman.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Granadilla

See also Granadilla on Wikipedia; Granadilla on Wikipedia, Granadilla in the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
​GRANADILLA, the name applied to Passiflora quadrangularis, Linn,, a plant of the natural order Passiflorece, a native of tropical America, having smooth, cordate, ovate, or acuminate leaves ; petioles bearing from 4 to 6 glands ; an emetic and narcotic root ; scented flowers ; and a large, oblong fruit, containing numerous seeds, imbedded in a subacid edible pulp. The granadilla is sometimes grown in British hothouses. The fruits of several other species of Passiflora are eaten. P. laurifolia is the " water lemon," and P. mali/ormis the " sweet calabash" of the West Indies.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Grand Haven

See also Grand Haven, Michigan on Wikipedia; Grand Haven, Michigan, on Wikipedia, Grand Haven in the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
​GRAND HAVEN, a city of the United States, capital of Ottawa county, Michigan, is situated on Lake Michigan, at the mouth of Grand River, opposite Milwaukee, to which, as well as to the principal other towns on the lake, several steamers ply daily. It is a station of the Grand Haven Railway, and the terminus of the Detroit, Grand Haven, and Milwaukee line. On account of its fine situa tion and its medicinal springs, Grand Haven is becoming a favourite summer resort. It his saw and shingle mills, and manufactories of agricultural implements, of sashes and blinds, and of windmills. Shipbuilding is also carried on. In ths neighbourhood there are extensive peach forests. Lumber and fruit are the principal shipments. Grand Haven was laid out in 1836, and became a city in 1867. Population (1870) 3147, now about 5000.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Grandson

See also Grandson, Switzerland on Wikipedia; Grandson, Switzerland, on Wikipedia, Grandson in the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
GRANDSON. See Granson.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Grandville

See also Jean Ignace Isidore Gérard Grandville on Wikipedia; Jean Ignace Isidore Gérard Grandville on Wikipedia, Gerard in the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
GRANDVILLE. See Gérard, Jean I. I.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Grand'Combe

See also La Grand-Combe on Wikipedia; La Grand-Combe on Wikipedia, La Grand' Combe in the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
​GRAND'COMBE, a town of France, in the department of Gard and arrondissement of Alais, is situated on the Garden, 35 miles N.W. of Nimes, In the neighbourhood thare are very extensive coal-mines, and the town possesses manufactures of zinc, lead, and glass. The population in 1876 .was 5342.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Grand Rapids

See also Grand Rapids, Michigan on Wikipedia; Grand Rapids, Michigan, on Wikipedia, Grand Rapids in the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
​GRAND RAPIDS, a city of the United States, capital of Kent county, Michigan, is picturesquely situated on both sides of the Grand River near the rapids, 30 miles E. of Lake Michigan. The river is navigable up to this point, and steamers connect the city with Grand Haven and the navigation of Lake Michigan. The city is also the point of intersection of six railways. It possesses two public parks, a county jail, a central school, a large public library, and a scientific institute. It is the seat of the United States circuit and district courts for the western district of Michigan. The manufactures include a great variety of woodware (especially furniture, carriages, and waggons), agricultural implements, machinery, chemical substances, leather, beer, fruit, bricks of a very fine quality, and gypsum, which is very abundant in the neighbourhood. There is also a very extensive trade in lumber. The fall of the river at the rapids is about 18 feet in 1*- miles, and this water power has been taken advantage of lor many of the manufactories. Grand Rapids was settled in 1833 and incorporated, in 1850. The population has been rapidly increasing ; while in 1850 it was only 2686, it was 16,507 in 1870, of whom 5725 were foreigners.