OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Csardas

From volume 1 of the work.
[ E. P. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Cummings, William Hayman

From volume 1 of the work.
[ G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Crystal Palace Saturday Concerts

From volume 1 of the work.
​CRYSTAL PALACE SATURDAY CONCERTS, of orchestral and vocal music. These concerts were begun on Sept. 22, 1855, and assumed their present well-known character in 1860, after the construction of the concert-room. They have been throughout under the direction of Mr. Manns, their present conductor. The concerts begin with the first Saturday in October, and last, with an interval at Christmas, till the end of April. The orchestra consists of 16 first and 14 second violins, 11 violas, 10 cellos, and 10 double basses, with single wind, etc. The chorus, who appear only occasionally, are 300 strong. The solo players are the greatest who can be obtained. The programmes usually contain 2 overtures, a symphony, a concerto, or some minor piece of orchestral music, and 4 songs. The distinguishing feature of the concerts is their choice and performance of orchestral music. Not to mention the great works of Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Mendelssohn, Spohr, Weber, and other time-honoured classics, the audience were familiar with Schumann's symphonies and overtures, and with Schubert's symphonies and Rosamunde music, at a time when those works were all but unknown in the concert-rooms of the metropolis. Mendelssohn's Reformation Symphony was first played here; so was his overture to Camacho; Brahms's Symphony, Pianoforte Concerto, Variations on a theme of Haydn's, and Song of Destiny; Raff's Lenore and G minor Symphonies; Wagner's Faust Overture; Sullivan's Tempest Music and Symphony in E; Benedict's Symphony in G ​minor, and many other works were obtained (often in MS.) and performed before they were heard in any other place in the metropolis. Bennett's 'Parisina' was first played there after an interval of a quarter of a century.
A disposition is apparent in the managers of these concerts to present the audience with pieces of special interest; such as the MS. works of Schubert, and of Mendelssohn; Beethoven's arrangement of his Violin Concerto for the piano, and his Leonora Overture, 'No. 2'; an alternative Andante written by Mozart for his Parisian Symphony; the first version of Mendelssohn's Hebrides Overture, and other rare treasures of the same nature.
[ G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Cumberlands, Royal Society of

From volume 1 of the work.
[ C. A. W. T. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Corbet, Francisque

From volume 1 of the work.
[ M. C. C. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Corder, Frederick

​CORDER, Frederick, at this date (1888) one of the foremost of our rising young composers. Born in London, Jan. 26, 1852, he showed from infancy a strong aptitude for music, which he was, however, not allowed to indulge, being at the age of 18 made to go into business. From his first situation he was unexpectedly released by the pecuniary embarrassments of his employers, and he then persuaded his parents to let him enter the Royal Academy of Music, where his talent for original composition was quickly recognised. He only remained there a year and a half, as, on being elected to the Mendelssohn Scholarship, he was sent to Cologne, where he studied hard for four years under Dr. Ferdinand Hiller. Shortly after his return to England he was appointed conductor at the Brighton Aquarium, where by his talents and energy he raised the musical entertainments from the very low level at which he found them, and brought the orchestra to its present state of efficiency. Mr. Corder's gifts and culture are wide and varied. During the years when music proved unremunerative—as for years it must do to all young composers of high aim and uncompromising temper—he supported himself mainly by literary work, in much of which he had the co-operation and help of his accomplished wife. His musical star seems now in the ascendant. Several of his orchestral works have been performed at the Crystal Palace, the Philharmonic concerts and elsewhere. His romantic opera 'Nordisa,' written for the Carl Rosa company, was produced on Jan. 26, 1887, at the Royal Court Theatre, Liverpool, with brilliant success. It has since been performed in several provincial towns, and was brought out at Drury Lane, May 4, 1887. Subjoined is a complete list of Mr. Corder's compositions. The words of all the vocal works but the two last are his own. The works marked with an asterisk have been published.
1. Evening on the Sea-shore. Idyll for Orchestra. 1876.  2. Im Schwarzwald. Suite. 1876.  3. Morte d'Arthur. Grand Opera. 4 acts. 1877–8.  4. Philomel. Operatic Satire, 1 act. 1880.  5. A Storm in a Teacup. Operetta. 1880.  6. The Cyclops, Cantata. 1881.  * 7. River Songs. Trios for Female voices. 1881.  8. Overture. Ossian (written for the Philharmonic Society). 1882.  9. Nocturne for Orchestra. 1882.  10. Dreamland. Ode for Chorus and Orchestra. 1883.  *11. Roumanian Dances. Violin and Piano. 1883.  12. The Nabob's Pickle. Operetta. 1883.  13. The Noble Savage. Do. 1885.  *14. Overture. 'Prospero.' 1885.  15. Orchestral scenes for The Tempest. 1886.  *16. The Bridal of Triermain. Cantata (Wolverhampton Festival). 1886.  *17. 'Nordisa.' Romantic Opera. 1886.  18. Roumanian Suite for Orchestra. 1887.  *19. 'The Minstrel's Curse.' Ballad for declamation, with orchestral accompaniment. Crystal Palace, March 10. 1888.  *20. Song, 'O sun, that wakenest all' (Tennyson).
[ F. A. M. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Corkine, William

From volume 1 of the work.
[ W. H. H. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Corfe, Joseph

From volume 1 of the work.
​CORFE, Joseph, born in 1740 at Salisbury, was one of the choristers at the cathedral there under Dr. John Stephens, organist and master of the boys. In 1782 [App. p.598 "1783"] he was appointed Gentleman of the Chapel Royal. [App. p.598 adds that "he sang in the Handel Commemmoration."] In 1792 he succeeded Robert Parry as organist and master of the choristers of Salisbury Cathedral, which offices he held until 1804. Corfe composed and published a volume of Cathedral [App. p.598 "Church"] Music, consisting of a service and eight [App. p.598 "eleven"] anthems, etc.; three sets of Glees, of twelve each; a Treatise on Singing; a Treatise on Thorough Bass, a work still held in esteem; besides editing a Selection of Sacred Music made by James Harris, and other works. He died in 1820, aged 80.
His son Arthur Thomas, was born at Salisbury, April 9, 1773. In 1783 he became a chorister of Westminster Abbey under Dr. Cooke. He subsequently studied the pianoforte under Muzio Clementi. In 1804, on the resignation of his father, he was appointed organist and master of the children of Salisbury Cathedral. A. T. Corfe produced and published a service and some anthems, several pianoforte pieces, and 'The Principles of Harmony and Thorough Bass.' [App. p.598 "he organised a successful festival at Salisbury on August 19–22, 1828."] He died, whilst kneeling in prayer, Jan. 28, 1863, in the 90th year of his age, and was buried in the cloisters of Salisbury Cathedral, where a tablet was erected to him by his thirteen surviving children, one of whom, Charles William, Mus. Doc., is organist of Christ Church, Oxford [App. p.598 "was, from 1846 to 1883; dates of birth and death, 1814, and Dec. 16, 1883.
[ W. H. H. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Cornelius, Peter

From volume 1 of the work.
[ A. M. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Corbett, William

From volume 1 of the work.
[ W. H. H. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Cordier, Jacques

From volume 1 of the work.
[ M. C. C. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Cornega

From volume 1 of the work.
[ J. M. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Cornelys, Theresa

[ H. R. T. ]
# A Dictionary of the Book of Mormon/Akish, Wilderness of

​AKISH, WILDERNESS OF. A place in North America, apparently not far from the Atlantic coast. Here a severe battle was fought in the last great war which ended in the extinction of the Jaredite race. The conflict was between the armies of Gilead and Coriantumr in which many thousands were slain. It appears to have been indecisive, as Gilead remained in the wilderness and Coriantumr lay siege thereto. But one night Gilead unexpectedly sallied forth and slew a part of the army of his enemy, they being drunken. This, for the time being, gave him the advantage. In a later campaign, after Gilead had been assassinated, a battle was fought between Coriantumr and Lib in which the latter was victorious, and the former fled to the wilderness of Akish, but being pursued by Lib, he continued his retreat to the plains of Agosh where another desperate conflict occurred.
# A Dictionary of the Book of Mormon/Alma, Valley of

​ALMA, VALLEY OF. A valley one day's travel north of the City of Helam on the road to Zarahemla. When the people of Alma escaped from the Lamanites in the land of Helam they pitched their tents in this valley and gave unto it this name, because Alma (the elder) was their leader. Here they all — men, women and children — poured out their thanks to God for their deliverance. But they were not permitted to tarry in this valley. The Lord commanded Alma to hasten and depart, for their Lamanite oppressors were pursuing them, but that He would here stop them. After twelve days' journey from this place Alma and his people reached the land of Zarahemla.
# A Dictionary of the Book of Mormon/Amaleki

​AMALEKI. The son of Abinadom and a descendant of Jacob, the son of Lehi. He was one of the custodians of the sacred records of the Nephites, and was born in the days of the first Mosiah, but whether in the land of Nephi or of Zarahemla does not appear. If in Nephi then he transported the plates from that land to Zarahemla in the great migration of the Nephites under Mosiah, and it is quite likely that he did so, for it is he that gives the account of this vast movement. Having no children, at his death he transferred the holy things of which he had charge to king Benjamin. He lived about B. C. 200.
# A Dictionary of the Book of Mormon/Amaleki (II)

​AMALEKI. A descendant of Zarahemla, and one of the brothers of Ammon, the leader of the company of sixteen picked men who, by king Mosiah's permission, visited the land of Lehi-Nephi (B. C. 122) to discover what had become of the ​company of Nephite colonists who had returned there, under the leadership of Zeniff, during the reign of the first Mosiah, as near as can be told some 75 or 80 years previously. Amaleki, with two other brothers of Ammon (Helem and Hem), was chosen by Ammon, when they approached the city of Lehi-Nephi, to go with him in advance of the rest of the company and find out how matters stood in that region. They were captured by the guards of King Limhi and cast into prison, but were liberated two days afterwards when it was found that they were Nephites.
# A Dictionary of the Book of Mormon/Amalickiahites

​AMALICKIAHITES, The followers of ​Amalickiah in his efforts to destroy the Church, to uproot the Nephite commonwealth and establish a monarchy in its stead. Their leader, finding that they were not as numerous as those who wished to maintain the republic, and that many of them doubted the justness of their cause, led those who would follow him towards the land of Nephi, with the intention of joining the Lamanites. Moroni, the general of the Nephites, by rapid marches, reached the wilderness, where he intercepted them in their flight, when Amalickiah and a few others escaped to the Lamanites, while the great majority were taken prisoners and carried back to Zarahemla. The Amalickiahites were then given the opportunity to make convenant to sustain the cause of liberty or be put to death. There were but very few who denied the covenant of freedom. (B. C. 73.)
# A Dictionary of the Book of Mormon/Amalekites

​AMALEKITES, A sect of Nephite apostates whose origin is not given. Many of them were after the order of Nehor. Very early in the days of the republic they had affiliated with the Lamanites and with them built a large city, not far from the waters of Mormon, which they called Jerusalem. They were exceedingly crafty and hard-hearted, and in all the ministrations of the sons of Mosiah among them only one was converted. They led in the massacres of the Christian Lamanites or people of Anti-Nephi-Lehi; and in later years the Lamanite generals were in the habit of placing them in high command in their armies, because of their greater force of character, their intense hatred to their former brethren, and their more wicked and murderous disposition. In the sacred record they are generally associated with the Zoramites and Amulonites.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ventnor

See also Ventnor on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​VENTNOR, a watering-place in the Isle of Wight, England, 12½ m. S. by W. of Ryde by rail. Pop. of urban district (1901) 5866. It is finely situated in the Undercliff district, at the foot of St Boniface Down, which reaches a height of 787 ft. The town is built on a succession of terraces sloping towards the sea, and from its sheltered situation, equable temperature, and comparatively dry atmosphere is regarded as one of the best resorts in England for consumptive invalids. In the middle of the 19th century it was only a small fishing hamlet, now it extends along the shore for a distance of about 2 m., including Bonchurch to the east. It possesses assembly rooms, a literary and scientific institution, an esplanade, a pier and extensive recreation grounds. The churches of Ventnor are all modern, but that of St Boniface at Bonchurch is a small Norman building, perhaps the oldest in the island. Among the benevolent and charitable institutions are the royal national hospital for consumptives (founded in 1869), the seaside home of the London city mission, the St Catherine's home for consumptives and the convalescent home of the Royal Hants Hospital.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Venosa

See also Venosa on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​VENOSA (anc. Venusia, q.v.), a town and bishop’s see of the Basilicata in the province of Potenza, Italy, on the eastern side of Mount Vulture, 52 m. by rail S.S.E. of Foggia, 1345 ft. above sea-level. Pop. (1901) 8503. The castle was built in 1470 by Pirro di Balzo, and contains fouar stables each for fifty horses. Many fragments of Roman workmanship are built into the walls of the cathedral, which is due to him also. The abbey church of SS. Trinità is historically interesting; it was consecrated in 1059 by Pope Nicholas II. and passed into the hands of the Knights of St John in the time of Boniface VIII. (1295–1303). In the central aisle is the tomb of Alberada, the first wife of Robert Guiscard and mother of Bohemund. An inscription on the wall commemorates the great Norman brothers William Iron Arm (d. 1046), Brogo (murdered at Venosa in 1051), Humfrey (d. 1057) and Robert Guiscard (d. at Corfu in 1085). The bones of these brothers rest together in a simple stone sarcophagus opposite the tomb of Alberada. The church also contains some 14th-century frescoes. Behind it is a larger church, which was begun for the Benedictines about 1150, from the designs of a French architect, in imitation of the Cluniac church at Paray-le-Monial, but never carried beyond the spring of the vaulting. The ancient amphitheatre adjacent furnished the materials for its walls.
See A. Avena, Monumenti dell’ Italia Meridionale (Naples, 1902), 323 sqq.; O. de Lorenzo, Venosa e la Regione del Vulture (Bergamo, 1906).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ventriloquism

See also Ventriloquism on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​VENTRILOQUISM (Lat. venter, belly, and loqui, to speak), the art of producing the voice in such a manner that it shall appear to proceed, not from the speaker's own mouth, but from some place altogether distant from him. The art of ventriloquism was formerly supposed to result from a peculiar use of the stomach (whence the name) during the process of inhalation. As a matter of fact, the words are formed in the normal manner, but the breath is allowed to escape very slowly, the tones being muffled by narrowing the glottis and the mouth opened as little as possible, while the tongue is retracted and only its tip moves. Gestures and facial expression are employed at the same time to assist in the deception by stimulating the imagination of the listeners and to distract their attention from the speaker. “Thus,” says Huxley, “if the ventriloquist desire to create the belief that a voice issues from the bowels of the earth, he imitates, with great accuracy, the tones of such a half-stifled voice, and suggests the existence of some one uttering it by directing his answers and gestures towards the ground. The gestures and tones are such as would be produced by a given cause; and, no other cause being apparent, the mind of the bystander insensibly judges the suggested cause to exist.” Ventriloquism, which is still a recognized form of conjuring entertainment, is of ancient origin. Traces of the art are found in Egyptian and Hebrew archaeology. Eurykles of Athens was the most celebrated of Greek ventriloquists, who were called after him Euryklides, and also Engastrimanteis (belly-prophets). It is not impossible that the priests of ancient times were masters of this art, and that to it may be ascribed such miracles as the speaking statues of the Egyptians, the Greek oracles, and the stone in the river Pactolus, the sound of which put robbers to flight. Many uncivilized races of modern times are adepts in ventriloquism, as the Zulus, the Maoris and the Eskimos. It is well known in Hindustan and China, where it is practised by travelling magicians.
Bibliography.—See De la Chapelle, Le Ventriloque, ou l'engastrimythe (London, 1772); E. Schultz, Die Kunst des Bauchredens (Erfurt, 1895); Sievers, Grundzüge der Phonetic (Leipzig, 1901); Russel, Ventriloquism (London, 1898).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Venison

See also Venison on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​VENISON (pronounced venzon), originally a word meaning a beast of any kind killed in the chase, but now only applied to the flesh of the deer prepared for eating. The O. Fr. veneisun, venoison, &c., mod. venaison, meant the flesh of the deer or boar, the principal beasts of the chase (Lat. venatio, hunting).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ventimiglia

See also Ventimiglia on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​VENTIMIGLIA (Fr. Vintimille, anc. Album Intimilium or Albintimilium), a frontier fortress, seaport and episcopal see of Liguria, Italy, in the province of Porto Maurizio, 94 m. W. by S. of Genoa by rail, and 4 m. from the Franco-Italian frontier, 45 ft. above sea-level. Pop. (1901) 3452 (town), 11,468 (commune). The present Gothic cathedral is built on the ruins of an earlier Lombard church, and this again on a Roman building, possibly a temple. The ruins of the ancient town are situated in the plain of Nervia, 3 m. to the E. of the modern. It was a municipium with an extensive territory, and of some importance under the Empire, but was plundered by the partisans of Otho in A.D. 69. Remains of a theatre are visible, and remains of many other buildings have been discovered, among them traces of the ancient city walls, a fine mosaic, found in 1852 but at once destroyed, and a number of tombs to the west of the theatre. The caves of the Balzi Rossi have proved rich in palaeolithic remains of the Quaternary period.
See Notizie degli Scavi, passim, especially 1877, 288 (G. Rossi).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Venlo

See also Venlo on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​VENLO, a frontier town in the province of Limburg, Holland, on the right bank of the Maas, and a junction station 43 m. by rail N.N.E. of Maastricht. Pop. 15,000. It is joined by a bridge over the Maas, with the opposite village of Blerik. Venlo, with narrow streets irregularly built is not of the ordinary Dutch type in architectural styles The picturesque town hall (1595), the only building of special interest, contains some interesting paintings, by Hubert Goltzius (1526–1583). The church dates from 1304. There is a college for the higher education of Roman Catholic priests. The leading industries are distilling, brewing, tanning, spinning, needlemaking and tobacco manufacture. There is also a considerable trade by river with Rotterdam.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Venn, Henry

See also Henry Venn (Clapham Sect) on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​VENN, HENRY (1725–1797), English evangelical divine, was born at Barnes, Surrey, and educated at Cambridge. He took orders in 1747, and was elected fellow of Queens' College, Cambridge, in 1749. After holding a curacy at Barton, Cambridgeshire, he became curate of St Matthew, Friday Street, London, and of West Horsley, Surrey, in 1750, and then of Clapham in 1754. In the preceding year he was chosen lecturer of St Swithin's, London Stone. He was vicar of Huddersfield from 1759 to 1771, when he exchanged to the living of Yelling, Huntingdonshire. Besides being a leader ​Of the evangelical revival, he was well known as the author of The Compkat Duly of Man (London, 1763), a work in which he intended to supplement the teaching embodied in the anonymous Whole Duty of Man. His son, John Venn (1750–1813), was one of the founders of the Church Missionary Society, and his grandson, Henry Venn (1796–1873), was honorary secretary of that society from 1841 to 1873.