OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brass, John

​BRASS or BRASSE, JOHN (1790–1833), educational writer, was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he obtained a fellowship in 1811. He graduated B.A. as sixth wrangler in the same year, proceeded M.A. in 1814, B.D. in 1824, and D.D. in 1829. He was presented by his college to the living of Stotfold, Bedfordshire, in 1824, which he held till his death, in 1833. He edited Euclid's 'Elements of Geometry,' ​London, 1825 (?), and the 'Œdipus Rex' (1829 and 1834), the 'Œdipus Coloneus' (1829), the Trachiniæ' (1830), and the 'Antigone' (1830) of Sophocles. He published a Greek Gradus in 1828, which was reissued, in two volumes, at Göttingen, under the editorship of C. F. G. Siedhof, in 1839-40, and in England in 1847, under the editorship of the Rev. F. E. J. Valpy. He spelt his name Brass in early life, and Brasse in later years.
[Gent. Mag. 1833, i. 473-4; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
S. L. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Braose, Philip de

​BRAOSE, PHILIP de (fl. 1172), warrior, was a younger son of Philip de Braose, lord of Bramber, and an uncle of William de Braose [q. v.] He was one of the three captains of adventurers left in charge of Wexford at Henry's departure in 1172, and later in the same year he received a grant of North Munster ('Limericenæ videlicet regnum'). Supported by Robert Fitz-Stephen and Miles de Cogan, he set out to take possession of it, but, on approaching Limerick, turned back in a panic. He was presumably dead on 12 Jan. 1201, when North Munster was granted to his nephew William. His widow, Eva (Fin. 4 Hen. III, p. 1, m. 2), or Maud (Claus. 11 Hen. III, p. 1), married Philip, the baron of Naas, and survived him.
[Giraldus Cambrensis' Expugnatio (ed. Dimock).]
J. H. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brasbridge, Joseph

​BRASBRIDGE, JOSEPH (1743–1832), autobiographer, began business as a silversmith, with a good capital, in Fleet Street, London. Pleasure continually seduced him from his shop, and bankruptcy followed as a matter of course; but eventually he was re-established in business through the kindness of friends. In the hope that his own indiscretions might prove a warning to others, he published, when in his eightieth year, his memoirs under the title of 'The Fruits of Experience,' which passed through two editions in 1824. His portrait is prefixed. He died at Highgate on 28 Feb. 1832.
[Gent. Mag. xciv. (i.) 234, cii. (i.) 567; Blackwood's Edinburgh Mag. xvi. 428; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. (Bohn), 256; Evans's Cat. of Engraved Portraits, ii. 50.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Branwhite, Peregrine

​BRANWHITE, PEREGRINE (1745–1795?), minor poet, was son of Rowland Branwhite and Sarah (Brooke) his wife, and was baptised at Lavenham in Suffolk 22 July 1745. He was brought up to the bombazine trade, which he carried on for some time at Norwich. He was not very successful, however, as he seems to have paid more attention to books than to the shop. He afterwards established a branch of the St. Anne's School (London) at Lavenham, and conducted it personally for some years. A year or two before his death he removed to Hackney, and died, in or about 1795, at 32 Primrose Street, Bishopsgate Street, London. He wrote:
* 'Thoughts on the Death of Mr. Woodmason's children, destroyed by fire 18 Jan. 1782' (anon.)
* 'An Elegy on the lamented Death of Mrs. Hickman, wife of the Rev. Thomas Hickman of Bildeston, Suffolk, who died 7 Sept, 1789, when but just turned of 19,' Bury St. Edmund's, 1790, 4to.
* 'Astronomy, or a description of the Solar System,' Sudbury, 1791.
* 'The Lottery, or the Effects of Sudden Affluence,' manuscript.
[MS. Addit. 19166, f. 234, in Brit. Mus.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hawkins, Francis (1794-1877)

​HAWKINS, FRANCIS (1794–1877), physician, born at Bisley, Gloucestershire, on 30 July 1794, was son of the Rev. Edward Hawkins and brother of Cæsar Henry Hawkins [q. v.] and of Edward Hawkins, D.D. [q. v.] He was educated at Merchant Taylors' School (1805–12) and St. John's College, Oxford, where he obtained a fellowship. He gained the Newdigate prize in 1813, and in 1816 took a double second class in classics and mathematics. He graduated B.A. 1816, B.C.L. 1819, M.B. 1820, and M.D. 16 April 1823. He was admitted inceptor candidate of the College of Physicians 16 April 1821, candidate 30 Sept. 1823, and fellow 30 Sept. 1824. He became physician to the Middlesex Hospital in 1824, and in 1831, on the foundation of the medical faculty of King's College, London, he was elected the first professor of medicine there. This chair he resigned in 1836, and in 1858 his hospital appointment. He was physician to the royal household in the reign of William IV, and also in the reign of Queen Victoria up to his death.
Hawkins was for many years connected with the College of Physicians, in which he held various offices, and gave the Gulstonian (1826), Croonian (1827–8–9), and Lumleian (1832–4–40–1) lectures, as well as the Harveian oration (1848). But his most important services to the college were rendered as registrar, which office he held for twenty-nine years from 30 Sept. 1829, only resigning it to become registrar of the General Medical Council on its foundation in 1858, in which capacity he remained till 1876. In each of these offices he was very highly esteemed as a good administrator and a courteous gentleman, and in each instance a special vote of thanks, accompanied by a liberal honorarium, was presented to him on resigning office. He died, 13 Dec. 1877, in London. His portrait is at the Middlesex Hospital.
Hawkins was twice married. By his first wife, a daughter of Sir John Vaughan, he left three sons and one daughter.
Hawkins was an accomplished physician, whose genial temperament made him very popular in professional circles, and as a good scholar he was a worthy representative of the old school of university physicians. His Harveian oration in 1848 was admired for its Latin style. He wrote also ‘Lectures on Rheumatism and some Diseases of the Heart and other Internal Organs,’ London, 1826, 8vo.
[Munk's Coll. of Phys. 1878, iii. 286; Lancet, 22 Dec. 1877.]
J. F. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hawkesworth, Walter

​HAWKESWORTH, WALTER (d. 1606), dramatist, was the second son of Walter Hawkesworth of Hawkesworth, Yorkshire, by his wife Isabel, daughter and coheiress of Thomas Colthurst of Edisforth in the same county. He was matriculated as a pensioner of Trinity College, Cambridge, on 30 March 1588, was elected a scholar in 1589 (B.A. in 1591–2, and M.A. 1595), admitted a minor fellow in October 1593, and a major fellow in April 1595. As a writer and actor of comedies he gained considerable reputation. At the bachelors' commencement of 1602–3 the Latin comedy of ‘Leander,’ of which he was probably the author, was acted at Trinity College for the second time, and another comedy entitled ‘Pedantius’ is said to have been written by him, and to have been then first produced. He represented the principal characters in both these dramas. (His alleged ‘Pedantius’ must be distinguished from the Latin comedy of the name produced at Trinity in February 1580–1, and possibly penned by Edward Forsett [q. v.]). About Michaelmas 1605 Hawkesworth resigned his fellowship. Then he accompanied Sir Charles Cornwallis [q. v.] on his embassy to Spain as secretary, and was soon sent back to England on a special mission by Cornwallis, who wrote to Salisbury that Hawkesworth left him ‘with a body weak, and a mind not very strong.’ In March 1605–6 he returned to Spain, with instructions from the council. He died of the plague at Sir Charles Cornwallis's house in Madrid in October 1606. He was unmarried.
He is the author of: 1. ‘Labyrinthus: Comœdia habita coram Sereniss. Rege Jacobo in Academia Cantabrigiensi,’ 12mo, London, 1636. A manuscript copy is in the library of the university of Cambridge, MS. Ee. 5, 16(3). The representation before the king is supposed to have taken place on his third visit to Cambridge in March 1622–3. 2. A letter to Sir Robert Cotton, in Cotton. MS. Julius, C. iii. 24. 3. Latin verses (signed G. H. C. T.) in the collection on the death of Sir Edward Lewkenor and Susan his wife, 1606.
[Cooper's Athenæ Cantabr. ii. 441–2; will, dated 5 Oct. 1606, proved on 30 Nov. 1606, P. C. C. 81, Stafforde.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hawkins, Cæsar (1711-1786)

​HAWKINS, Sir CÆSAR (1711–1786), surgeon, son of Cæsar Hawkins, a country surgeon, and great-grandson of Colonel Cæsar Hawkins, who commanded a regiment of horse in the time of Charles I, was born 10 Jan. 1711, and studied with his father and with a Mr. Ranby for seven years. On 1 July 1735 he was admitted to the Company of Surgeons, and on 19 Aug. 1736 was made a member of the livery and chosen demonstrator of anatomy. This latter office he resigned in the next year on being appointed surgeon to the Prince of Wales and to one of the troops of guards. In 1735 he was elected surgeon to St. George's Hospital, and held this office till 1774. He was made sergeant-surgeon to George II on 7 Sept. 1747, and occupied the same post in the next reign. On 3 Sept. 1778 he was created a baronet, and died 13 Feb. 1786. He married Sarah, daughter of Mr. John Coxe, and left a family, one of whom, Charles, was also sergeant-surgeon, and another, the Rev. Edward Hawkins, was the father of Edward Hawkins, D.D. [q. v.], provost of Oriel, of Dr. Francis Hawkins [q. v.], and of Cæsar Henry Hawkins [q. v.] The same important post was also held by Pennell Hawkins, a brother of Sir Cæsar, and by George, son of Pennell, being thus occupied by four members of the same family in three generations.
Hawkins was considered a very dexterous operator, and by his professional ability secured a large practice at an early age. He is said to have made 1,000l. a year by phlebotomy alone. He was the inventor of an instrument called the cutting gorget, but left behind him no literary work. His portrait, by Hogarth, is at the Royal College of Surgeons.
[Foster's Baronetage, 1882; Sidney Young's Annals of the Barber-Surgeons of London, 1890, p. 571; St. George's Hospital Reports, i. 21.]
J. F. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hawkins, Cæsar Henry

​HAWKINS, CÆSAR HENRY (1798–1884), surgeon, born 19 Sept. 1798 at Bisley, Gloucestershire, was son of the Rev. Edward Hawkins, and grandson of Sir Cæsar Hawkins, bart. [q. v.] He received his early education at Christ's Hospital, and after serving as pupil to a Mr. Sheppard was admitted a student of St. George's Hospital under Sir Everard Home and Brodie in 1818. He became member of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1821, taught anatomy with Sir Charles Bell in the Hunterian School, Windmill Street, was appointed surgeon to St. George's Hospital in 1829, and held this office till 1861, when, on his resignation, he was appointed consulting surgeon. He was president of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1852 and again in 1861; was examiner for many years, and delivered the Hunterian oration before the college in 1849. In 1862 he was appointed sergeant-surgeon to the queen, having previously been one of her majesty's surgeons. He was elected a trustee of the Hunterian Museum in 1871, and was also a fellow of the Royal Society.
Hawkins was an eminent and successful surgeon, who throughout his long life won the respect of the whole profession by his attainments and character. His opinion was especially valued in difficult cases. While in comparative retirement as consulting surgeon he was often seen in the wards of St. George's Hospital, where he gave his colleagues the benefit of his long experience. He was noted as being for a long time the only surgeon who had performed the operation of ovariotomy with success in a London hospital, and he did much to popularise the operation of colotomy. But, though a successful operator, he always leaned to what is called conservative surgery, and it was said of him that ‘he was always more anxious to teach his pupils how to save a limb than how to remove it.’
Hawkins contributed many memoirs and lectures to the medical journals, which were collected and printed for private circulation with the title ‘The Hunterian Oration, Presidential Addresses, and Pathological and Surgical Writings,’ 2 vols. 8vo, London, 1874. Among the more important are ‘The Hunterian Oration for 1849;’ ‘On the relative Claims of Sir Charles Bell and Magendie to ​the Discovery of the Functions of the Spinal Nerves;’ ‘Experiments on Hydrophobia and the Bites of Serpents;’ ‘On Excision of the Ovarium;’ ‘On Stricture of the Colon treated by Operation;’ and valuable ‘Lectures on Tumours.’
Hawkins died 20 July 1884. He was twice married: his first wife was a Miss Dolbel; his second wife, who survives him, was Miss Ellen Rouse. He left no issue.
[Times, 21 July 1884 (Memoir by Mr. Charles Hawkins); British Medical Journal, 16 Aug. 1884; Lancet, 26 July 1884; Dr. A. W. Barclay in Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, 1885, lxviii. 16.]
J. F. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hawkey, John

​HAWKEY, JOHN (1703–1759), classical scholar, a native of Ireland, entered Trinity College, Dublin, in 1720, aged 17, became a scholar in 1722, and graduated in 1725. Hawkey published a translation of the ‘Anabasis’ of Xenophon; established a school in ​1746 at Dublin, and issued there several editions of the classics. These have been much commended for their beauty and accuracy by the classical bibliographers, Edward Harwood and Thomas Frognall Dibdin. Hawkey projected an edition of Cicero in twenty volumes, which, however, was not printed. He published at Dublin handsome editions of ‘Paradise Lost’ in 1747, and ‘Paradise Regained’ in 1752. These editions, according to Milton's editor, the Rev. H. J. Todd, are valuable for their accuracy. Hawkey died at Dublin in 1759.
His editions of classical authors, all published in Dublin in 8vo, are:
* ‘Virgilius,’ 1745.
* ‘Horatius,’ 1745, dedicated to Primate John Hoadly.
* ‘Terentius,’ 1745, dedicated to the Earl of Chesterfield.
* ‘Juvenal and Persius,’ 1746, dedicated to Mordecai Cary, bishop of Killala.
* ‘Sallustius,’ 1747.
[View of Editions of Classics, by E. Harwood, 1790; Introduction to Knowledge of Classics, by T. F. Dibdin, D.D., 1827; Poetical Works of Milton, by H. J. Todd, 1842; History of City of Dublin, vol. ii. 1859.]
J. T. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hawkins, Francis (1628-1681)

​HAWKINS, FRANCIS (1628–1681), jesuit, born in London in 1628, was son of John Hawkins, M.D. [q. v.], by Frances, daughter of Francis Power, esq., of Bletchington, Oxfordshire. Before he was eight he translated ‘Youth's Behaviour,’ which at his father's request was first printed by the publisher, William Lee, about 1641 (cf. Address to Reader in 1663 ed.). The edition of 1654 contains an engraved portrait of the boy, inscribed ‘François Hawkins tirant a l'aage d'huict ans,’ with four lines of English verse on his precocity. In 1649 he entered the Society of Jesus abroad, and was professed of the four vows on 14 May 1662. In 1665 he was socius to the master of novices at Watten; in 1672 confessor at Ghent; and in 1675 professor of holy scripture at Liège College, where he died on 19 Feb. 1680–1.
He is the author of ‘Youth's Behaviour, or Decency in Conversation amongst Men. Composed in French by grave persons, for the use and benefit of their youth. Now newly turned into English by Francis Hawkins,’ 2nd edition, London, 1646, 8vo. In his address to the reader the publisher apologises for ‘the Style … wrought by an uncouth and rough File of one in greene yeares.’ The 4th edition appeared at London, 1650, 12mo; other editions followed in 1652, 1653, 1654, and 1663; 9th edition, London, 1668, 8vo. A second part, entitled ‘Youth's Behaviour; or Decency in Conversation amongst Women,’ London, 1664, 12mo, with a portrait of Lady Ferrers, was added by the puritan bookmaker, Robert Codrington [q. v.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Morrell, William

​MORRELL, WILLIAM (fl. 1625), New England poet, was an Anglican clergyman who went to Massachusetts in 1623 with the company sent out by the Plymouth council, under the command of Captain Robert Gorges, son of Sir Ferdinando Gorges [q. v.] He bore a commission from the ecclesiastical court to exercise superintendence over the churches that were, or might be, established in the colony. The attempt by this company to form a settlement at Wessagussett (now Weymouth) was unsuccessful. After Gorges's departure Morrell remained a year at Plymouth out of curiosity to learn something of the country, but made no use of his commission, nor even mentioned it till just before he sailed for England. He wrought the result of his observations into some elegant Latin hexameters, which he translated into English heroic verse, and published under the title of 'New-England, or a briefe Enarration of the Ayre, Earth, Water, Fish, and Fowles of that Country. With a Description of the. . .Habits and Religion of the Natives, in Latine and English Verse,' 4to, London, 1625. The English version, which is frequently harsh and obscure, is preceded by a poetical address to the king. A copy of this rare tract, which is dedicated to the lords, knights, and gentlemen, adventurers for New England, is in the British Museum; it was reprinted in 1792 in the 'Collections' of the Massachusetts Historical Society, 1st ser. vol. i. pp. 125-39. In a postscript Morrell announced his intention of publishing another book on New England.
[Appleton's Cyclop. of Amer. Biog. s. v.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Morris, Edward

​MORRIS, EDWARD (d. 1689), Welsh poet, of Perthi Llwydion, near Cerryg y Drudion, Denbighshire, was one of the best known writers of carols, ballads, and 'englynion' during the second half of the seventeenth century. Twelve of his pieces are to be found in 'Llyfr Carolau a Dyriau duwiol' (3rd edit. Shrewsbury, 1720), and eleven in 'Blodeugerdd Cymru' (1759). They are variously dated from 1656 to 1688. He was an intimate friend of his more famous brother bard, Huw Morris or Morus [q. v.], whose published works contain complimentary 'englynion' exchanged by the two poets, and an elegy composed by Huw Morus upon hearing of the death of his friend (Eos Ceiriog, ii. 363, 405-10, i. 21). From the latter we learn that Edward died in 1689 while travelling in Essex, no doubt in the pursuit of his occupation as drover. It would appear he was a fair English and Welsh scholar, for shortly before his death he was entrusted by Mrs. Margaret Vychan of Llwydiarth, Montgomeryshire, with the task of translating into Welsh an English theological work, which was published in 1689 (at Mrs. Vychan's expense) under the title 'Y Rhybuddiwr Crist'nogawl' (ib. ii. 360-4; W. Rowlands, Cambrian Bibliography, p. 246).
[Eos Ceiriog, ed. W[alter] D[avies], 1823.]
J. E. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Morren, Nathaniel

​MORREN, NATHANIEL (1798–1847), Scottish divine, born in Aberdeen 3 Feb. 1798, was educated at the grammar school and at Marischal College, where he graduated M.A. in 1814. He became a tutor at Fort George; subsequently taught at Caen, France; studied theology in the universities of Aberdeen and Edinburgh; was licensed by the presbytery of Aberdeen in October 1822; appointed minister of Blackhall Street (afterwards North) Church, Greenock, in June 1823; translated to the first charge of Brechin September 1843; and died of apoplexy 28 March 1847. He was a devoted minister, and a good scholar. The work by which he is best known is his ‘Annals of the General Assembly from 1739 to 1766,’ 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1838–40, which has been much quoted by subsequent historians of the Scottish church. He was also the author of ‘Biblical Theology,’ Edinburgh, 1835; ‘My Church Politics,’ Greenock, 1842; ‘Dialogues on the Church Question,’ Greenock, 1843; and of various articles in Kitto's ‘Biblical Encyclopædia’ and Macphail's ‘Ecclesiastical Journal.’ He annotated a pocket edition of the Bible, 1845; translated from the German Rosenmuller's ‘Biblical Geography of Central Asia;’ and, along with others, edited the ‘Imperial Family Bible.’
[Hew Scott's Fasti Ecclesiæ Scoticanæ, ii. 245; Sermons, with a Memoir, Edinburgh, 1848; Presbytery Records; New Statistical Account, vol. vii.]
J. C. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Maidstone, Clement

​MAIDSTONE or MAYDESTONE, CLEMENT (fl. 1410), theologian and historical writer, was son of Thomas Maydestone. Tanner speaks of him as a Bridgettine friar, but he was a member of the house at Hounslow, which belonged to the Trinitarians, and Maidstone therefore probably was a friar of the latter order. He was at Hounslow previously to 20 Sept. 1410, when he was ordained sub-deacon. He was ordained deacon on 20 Dec. 1410, and priest on 19 Sept. 1412 by Richard Clifford [q. v.], bishop of London (Reg. Clifford ap. Tanner). He and his father were both living after the death of Henry IV, when they heard at Hounslow the narrative of the alleged disposal of that king's body by throwing it into the Thames.
Maidstone wrote: 1. ‘Historia martyrii Ricardi Scrope Archiepiscopi Eboracensis,’ MS. C.C.C. Cant. M xiv., printed in Wharton's ‘Anglia Sacra,’ ii. 169–72. This history contains the narrative alluded to above. 2. ‘Directorium Sacerdotum,’ commonly called ‘Pica Sarum.’ From the preface to this version of the Sarum use we learn that Maidstone, finding the common version to contain sundry errors and omissions, obtained leave to revise it. This revision was given the name of ‘Directorium Sacerdotum,’ and forms the text printed by Caxton, first edition, 1487? of which there is a unique copy in the British Museum, second edition, 1489? of which there is a unique copy in the Bodleian Library. The two little tracts, ‘Defensorium ejusdem Directorii,’ and ‘Crede mihi,’ appended to this recension, may be by Maidstone. It is noticeable that the old use of St. Paul's was discarded for that of Sarum by Maidstone's diocesan, Richard Clifford, on 15 Oct. 1414.
[Tanner's Bibl. Brit.-Hib. 500; Wharton's Anglia Sacra, ii. 169–72; Blaydes's Caxton, ii. 193.]
C. L. K.