OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# On the Sublime and Beautiful/Part IV/Chapter 15

PERHAPS it may appear on inquiry that blackness and darkness are in some degree painful by their natural operation, independent of any associations whatsoever. I must observe, that the ideas of darkness and blackness are much the same; and they differ only in this, that blackness is a more confined idea. Mr. Cheselden has given us a very curious story of a boy, who had been born blind, and continued so until he was thirteen or fourteen years old; he was then couched for a cataract, by which operation he received his sight. Among many remarkable particulars that attended his first perceptions and judgments on visual objects, it gave him great uneasiness; and that some time after, upon accidentally seeing a negro woman, he was struck with great horror at the sight. The horror, in this case, can scarcely be supposed to arise from any association. The boy appears by the account to have been particularly observing and sensible for one of his age; and therefore it is probable, if the great uneasiness he felt at the first sight of black had arisen from its connexion with any other disagreeable ideas, he would have observed and mentioned it. For an idea, disagreeable only by association, has the cause of its ill effect on the passions evident enough at the first impression; in ordinary cases, it is indeed frequently lost; but this is, because the original association was made very early, and the consequent impression repeated often. In our instance, there was no time for such a habit; and there is no reason to think that the ill effects of black on his imagination were more owing to its connexion with any disagreeable ideas, than that the good effects of more cheerful colours were derived from their connexion with pleasuring ones. They had both probably their effects from their natural operation.
# On the Sublime and Beautiful/Part IV/Chapter 19

WHEN we have before us such objects as excite love and complacency, the body is affected, so far as I could observe, much in the following manner: the head reclines something on one side; the eyelids are more closed than usual, and the eyes roll gently with an inclination to the object; the mouth is a little opened, and the breath drawn slowly, with now and then a low sigh; the whole body is composed, and the hands fall idly to the sides. All this is accompanied with an inward sense of melting and languor. These appearances are always proportioned to the degree of beauty in the object, and of sensibility in the observer. And this gradation from the highest pitch of beauty and sensibility, even to the lowest of mediocrity and indifference, and their correspondent effects, ought to be kept in view, else this description will seem exaggerated, which it certainly is not. But from this description it is almost impossible not to conclude, that beauty acts by relaxing the solids of the whole system. There are all the appearances of such a relaxation; and a relaxation somewhat below the natural tone seems to me to be the cause of all positive pleasure. Who is a stranger to that manner of expression so common in all times and in all countries, of being softened, relaxed, enervated, dissolved, melted away by pleasure? The universal voice of mankind, faithful to their feelings, concurs in affirming this uniform and general effect: and although some odd and particular instance may perhaps be found, wherein there appears a considerable degree of positive pleasure, without all the characters of relaxation, we must not therefore reject the conclusion we had drawn from a concurrence of many experiments; but we must still retain it, subjoining the exceptions which may occur, according to the judicious rule laid down by Sir Isaac Newton in the third book of his Optics. Our position will, I conceive, appear confirmed beyond any reasonable doubt, if we can show that such things as we have already observed to be the genuine constituents of beauty, have each of them, separately taken, a natural tendency to relax the fibres. And if it must be allowed us, that the appearance of the human body, when all these constituents are united together before the sensory, further favours this opinion, we may venture, I believe, to conclude, that the passion called love is produced by this relaxation. By the same method of reasoning which we have used in the inquiry into the causes of the sublime, we may likewise conclude, that as a beautiful object presented to the sense, by causing a relaxation of the body, produces the passion of love in the mind; so if by any means the passion should first have its origin in the mind, a relaxation of the outward organs will as certainly ensue in a degree proportioned to the cause.
# On the Sublime and Beautiful/Part IV/Chapter 12

BUT if the vibration be not similar at every impression, it can never be carried beyond the number of actual impressions; for move any body, as a pendulum, in one way, and it will continue to oscillate in an arch of the same circle, until the known causes make it rest; but if after first putting it in motion in one direction, you push it into another, it can never reassume the first direction; because it can never more itself, and consequently it can have but the effect of that last motion; whereas, if in the same direction you act upon it several times, it will describe a greater arch, and move a longer time.
# On the Sublime and Beautiful/Part IV/Chapter 18

THOUGH the effects of black be painful originally, we must not think they always continue so. Custom reconciles us to everything. After we have been used to the sight of black objects, the terror abates, and the smoothness and glossiness, or some agreeable accident, of bodies so coloured, softens in some measure the horror and sternness of their original nature; yet the nature of their original impression still continues. Black will always have something melancholy in it, because the sensory will always find the change to it from other colours too violent; or if it occupy the whole compass of the sight, it will then be darkness; and what was said of darkness will be applicable here. I do not purpose to go into all that might be said to illustrate this theory of the effects of light and darkness, neither will I examine all the different effects produced by the various modifications and mixtures of these two causes. If the foregoing observations have any foundation in nature, I conceive them very sufficient to account for all the phenomena that can arise from all the combinations of black with other colours. To enter into every particular, or to answer every objection, would be an endless labour. We have only followed the most leading roads; and we shall observe the same conduct in our inquiry into the cause of beauty.
# On the Sublime and Beautiful/Part IV/Chapter 20

IT is to explain the true cause of visual beauty, that I call in the assistance of the other senses. If it appears that smoothness is a principal cause of pleasure to the touch, taste, smell, and hearing, it will be easily admitted a constituent of visual beauty; especially as we have before shown, that this quality is found almost without exception in all bodies that are by general consent held beautiful. There can be no doubt that bodies which are rough and angular, rouse and vellicate the organs of feeling, causing a sense of pain, which consists in the violent tension or contraction of the muscular fibres. On the contrary, the application of smooth bodies relaxes; gentle stroking with a smooth hand allays violent pains and cramps, and relaxes the suffering parts from their unnatural tension; and it has therefore very often no mean effect in removing swellings and obstructions. The sense of feeling is highly gratified with smooth bodies. A bed smoothly laid, and soft, that is, where the resistance is every way inconsiderable, is a great luxury, disposing to an universal relaxation, and inducing beyond anything else that species of it called sleep.
# On the Sublime and Beautiful/Part IV/Chapter 2

IT is no small bar in the way of our inquiry into the cause of our passions, that the occasions of many of them are given, and that their governing motions are communicated at a time when we have not capacity to reflect on them; at a time of which all sort of memory is worn out of our minds. For besides such things as affect us in various manners, according to their natural powers, there are associations made at that early season, which we find it very hard afterwards to distinguish from natural effects. Not to mention the unaccountable antipathies which we find in many persons, we all find it impossible to remember when a steep became more terrible than a plain; or fire or water more terrible than a clod of earth; though all these are very probably either conclusions from experience, or arising from the premonitions of others; and some of them impressed, in all likelihood, pretty late. But as it must be allowed that many things affect us after a certain manner, not by any natural powers they have for that purpose, but by association; so it would be absurd, on the other hand, to say that all things affect us by association only; since some things must have been originally and naturally agreeable or disagreeable, from which the others derive their associated powers; and it would be, I fancy, to little purpose to look for the cause of our passions in association, until we fail of it in the natural properties of things.
# On the Sublime and Beautiful/Part IV/Chapter 16

IT may be worth while to examine how darkness can operate in such a manner as to cause pain. It is observable, that still as we recede from the light, nature has so contrived it, that the pupil is enlarged by the retiring of the iris, in proportion to our recess. Now, instead of declining from it but a little, suppose that we withdraw entirely from the light; it is reasonable to think, that the contraction of the radial fibres of the iris is proportionably greater; and that this part may by great darkness come to be so contracted as to strain the nerves that compose it beyond their natural tone; and by this means to produce a painful sensation. Such a tension it seems there certainly is, whilst we are involved in darkness; for in such a state, whilst the eye remains open, there is a continual nisus to receive light; this is manifest from the flashes and luminous appearances which often seem in these circumstances to play before it; and which can be nothing but the effect of spasms, produced by its own efforts in pursuit of its object: several other strong impulses will produce the idea of light in the eye, besides the substance of light itself, as we experience on many occasions. Some, who allow darkness to be a cause of the sublime, would infer, from the dilatation of the pupil, that a relaxation may be productive of the sublime, as well as a convulsion: but they do not, I believe, consider that although the circular ring of the iris be in some sense a sphincter, which may possibly be dilated by a simple relaxation, yet in one respect it differs from most of the other sphincters of the body, that it is furnished with antagonist muscles, which are the radial fibres of the iris: no sooner does the circular muscle begin to relax, than these fibres, wanting their counterpoise, are forcibly drawn back, and open the pupil to a considerable wideness. But though we were not apprized of this, I believe any one will find, if he opens his eyes and makes an effort to see in a dark place, that a very perceivable pain ensues. And I have heard some ladies remark, that after having worked a long time upon a ground of black, their eyes were so pained and weakened, they could hardly see. It may perhaps be objected to this theory of the mechanical effect of darkness, that the ill effects of darkness or blackness seem rather mental than corporeal: and I own it is true, that they do so; and so do all those that depend on the affections of the finer parts of our system. The ill effects of bad weather appear often no otherwise, than in a melancholy and dejection of spirits; though without doubt, in this case, the bodily organs suffer first, and the mind through these organs.
# On the Sublime and Beautiful/Part IV/Chapter 14

IT is Mr. Locke&#146;s opinion, that darkness is not naturally an idea of terror; and that, though an excessive light is painful to the sense, the greatest excess of darkness is no ways troublesome. He observes indeed in another place, that a nurse or an old woman having once associated the idea of ghosts and goblins with that of darkness, night, ever after, becomes painful and horrible to the imagination. The authority of this great man is doubtless as great as that of any man can be, and it seems to stand in the way of our general principle. We have considered darkness as a cause of the sublime; and we have all along considered the sublime as depending on some modification of pain or terror: so that if darkness be no way painful or terrible to any, who have not had their minds early tainted with superstitions, it can be no source of the sublime to them. But, with all deference to such an authority, it seems to me, that an association of a more general nature, an association which takes in all mankind, and make darkness terrible; for in utter darkness it is impossible to know in what degree of safety we stand; we are ignorant of the objects that surround us; we may every moment strike against some dangerous obstruction; we may fall down a precipice the first step we take; and if an enemy approach, we know not in what quarter to defend ourselves; in such a case strength is no sure protection; wisdom can only act by guess; the boldest are staggered, and he, who would pray for nothing else towards his defence, is forced to pray for light. [Greek]
As to the association of ghosts and goblins; surely it is more natural to think, that darkness, being originally an idea of terror, was chosen as a fit scene for such terrible representations, than that such representations have made darkness terrible. The mind of man very easily slides into an error of the former sort; but it is very hard to imagine, that the effect of an idea so universally terrible in all times, and in all countries, as darkness, could possibly have been owing to a set of idle stories, or to any cause of a nature so trivial, and of an operation so precarious.

## Notes

* ↑ Part II. sect. 3
# Phelper v. Decker/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Per Curiam Opinion of the Court
* Concurring Opinion Stewart
United States Supreme Court
385 U.S. 18
Phelper v. Decker
The petition for a writ of certiorari is granted. The order of May 5, 1966, denying the motion for a certificate of probable cause is reversed.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Phases of Faith

Layout 2
PHASES OF FAITH;
or,
passages from
THE HISTORY OF MY CREED.
BY
FRANCIS WILLIAM NEWMAN,
formerly fellow of balliol college, oxford.
LONDON: JOHN CHAPMAN, 142, STRAND.
MDCCCL.
London: John Chapman.
CONTENTS.
page
FIRST PERIOD.
SECOND PERIOD.
THIRD PERIOD.
FOURTH PERIOD.
FIFTH PERIOD.
SIXTH PERIOD.
CONCLUSION.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Phelper v. Decker/Concurrence Stewart

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Per Curiam Opinion of the Court
* Concurring Opinion Stewart
United States Supreme Court
385 U.S. 18
Phelper v. Decker
Mr. Justice STEWART concurs for the reasons stated in his separate memorandum in Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643, 672, 81 S.Ct. 1684, 6 L.Ed.2d 1081.
Mr. Justice CLARK, Mr. Justice HARLAN and Mr. Justice WHITE dissent and would deny the petition for a writ of certiorari.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Phelps Dodge Corporation v. National Labor Relations Board

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
313 U.S. 177
Phelps Dodge Corporation v. National Labor Relations Board
Argued: March 11, 1941. --- Decided: April 28, 1941
[Syllabus from pages 177-179 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Denison Kitchel, of Phoenix, Ariz., for Phelps Dodge Corporation.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 179-181 intentionally omitted]
Messrs. Thomas E. Harris, of Washington, D.C., and Robert H. Jackson, Atty. Gen., for National Labor Relations Board.
Mr. Justice FRANKFURTER delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Phelper v. Decker

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.

## Concurring Opinion

    Stewart
United States Supreme Court
385 U.S. 18
Phelper v. Decker
Charles W. Tessmer and Emmett Colvin, Jr., for petitioner.
On Petition for Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Obscene Publications Act

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Obscene Publications Act."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Obscene Publications Act 1857 (20 & 21 Vict. c. 83), repealed by the Obscene Publications Act 1959.
* Obscene Publications Act 1959 (7 & 8 Eliz. 2 c. 66)
* Obscene Publications Act 1964 (c. 74)
All of these Acts are enacted by the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
# Once a Week (magazine)/Series 1/Volume 4/Women's work: designing patterns - II

←Part 1Part 3→
​Page:Once a Week Dec 1860 to June 61.pdf/252 ​Page:Once a Week Dec 1860 to June 61.pdf/253
# Once a Week (magazine)/Series 1/Volume 4/Volunteer drill: An adjutant's diary - IV

←Part 3
​Page:Once a Week Dec 1860 to June 61.pdf/671 ​Page:Once a Week Dec 1860 to June 61.pdf/672 ​Page:Once a Week Dec 1860 to June 61.pdf/673 ​Page:Once a Week Dec 1860 to June 61.pdf/674 ​Page:Once a Week Dec 1860 to June 61.pdf/675
# Once a Week (magazine)/Series 1/Volume 4/Volunteer drill: An adjutant's diary - II

←Part 1Part 3→
​Page:Once a Week Dec 1860 to June 61.pdf/610 ​Page:Once a Week Dec 1860 to June 61.pdf/611 ​Page:Once a Week Dec 1860 to June 61.pdf/612 ​Page:Once a Week Dec 1860 to June 61.pdf/613 ​Page:Once a Week Dec 1860 to June 61.pdf/614
# Once a Week (magazine)/Series 1/Volume 4/Women's work: designing patterns - III

←Part 2
​Page:Once a Week Dec 1860 to June 61.pdf/309 ​Page:Once a Week Dec 1860 to June 61.pdf/310 ​Page:Once a Week Dec 1860 to June 61.pdf/311
# Once a Week (magazine)/Series 1/Volume 4/Water-pipes and frost

A postscript to the article "Pipes of paper." See also the author's further article on the topic, "The water stoppage."
WATER-PIPES AND FROST.
At Buxton there is much water, and a gentleman residing there, desirous of knowing how to prevent that water from bursting supply-pipes by the action of frost, has written for a specification of the plan indicated by me in a former paper. Possibly, apropos of Christmas weather, a recipe after the manner of Mrs. Glasse may serve for others as well as my correspondent.
We all know that water in motion does not freeze unless under a degree of frost rarely experienced in England. Even in New York the proprietors of the Croton aqueduct enjoin the housekeepers whom they supply to suffer the water to run off as fast as it can during frost, in order to save the pipes from casualties. Now it is possible to attain sufficient motion without wasting the water, by simply inducing circulation by heat. When the ball-cock in the cistern is closed, the water in the pipe above it is motionless. At that point should be attached a small cistern of thin copper, containing, say, a quart or half a gallon of water, which may be a sphere like a ball-cock, or of any convenient form to apply beneath it a gas jet of sufficient power to heat the water and keep up a circulation. If this gas jet be kept constantly burning in frosty weather, the water cannot freeze, and the pipes will not burst. The small heating-cistern must, of course, be placed at the lowest point of the pipe.
W. Bridges Adams.
# Pan American World Airways, Inc. v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.

## Dissenting Opinion

    Brennan
United States Supreme Court
371 U.S. 296
Pan American World Airways, Inc. v. United States
Argued: Nov. 8, 1962. --- Decided: Jan 14, 1963
[Syllabus from pages 296-297 intentionally omitted]
Archibald Cox, Sol. Gen., for appellee and appellant United states.
David W. Peck, New York City, for appellant and appellee Pan American World Airways, Inc.
Lawrence J. McKay, New York City, for appellee W. R. Grace & Co.
Mr. Justice DOUGLAS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Pan Tadeusz

English-language translations of Pan Tadeusz include:
* Master Thaddeus; or, The Last Foray in Lithuania, translated by Maude Ashurst Biggs (1885) (external scans (multiple parts): v. 1, v. 2)
* Pan Tadeusz, translated by George Rapall Noyes
# Pan Tadeusz (1917)

PAN TADEUSZ
OR
THE LAST FORAY IN LITHUANIA
A STORY OF LIFE AMONG POLISH GENTLEFOLK IN THE YEARS 1811 and 1812
IN TWELVE BOOKS
BY
ADAM MICKIEWICZ
TRANSLATED FROM THE POLISH BY
GEORGE RAPALL NOYES
1917
LONDON AND TORONTO
J. M. DENT & SONS LTD.
PARIS: J. M. DENT ET FILS NEW YORK: E. P. DUTTON & CO.
CONTENTS
This work is a translation and has a separate copyright status to the applicable copyright protections of the original content.
# Pan American Petroleum Corporation v. Superior Court of Delaware for New Castle County

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
366 U.S. 656
Pan American Petroleum Corporation v. Superior Court of Delaware for New Castle County
Argued: April 18, and 19, 1961. --- Decided: May 29, 1961
Mr. Byron M. Gray, Topeka, Kan., for petitioner in No. 80.
Mr. Paul F. Schlicher, New York City, for petitioner in No. 81.
Mr. Charles V. Wheeler, Oklahoma City, Okl., for respondent, Cities Service Gas Co. in both cases.
Mr. Justice FRANKFURTER delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse