# Boogher v. Insurance Company

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United States Supreme Court
103 U.S. 90
Boogher v. Insurance Company
ERROR to the Circuit Court of the United States for the Eastern District of Missouri.
This was an action by the New York Life Insurance Company against Davis R. Boogher and his sureties, upon a bond executed by them Dec. 22, 1871, and conditioned as follows:--
'Whereas the above bounden Davis R. Boogher has been appointed by said company as their agent for the purpose of procuring applications for life insurance, and performing such other duties in connection therewith as may be intrusted to him: Now, if the said Davis R. Boogher shall pay or hand over all moneys belonging to said company which shall at any time be received by him, or for which he shall be liable, whether the same shall be or shall have been received by him personally and solely, or by, through, or together with any co-partner, co-agent, sub-agent, or other person, including all moneys so received prior to the date of this instrument (if any such there be), as well as that received thereafter, as also all moneys which he now owes, or hereafter may owe, said company, either on account of advances to him or otherwise, and shall faithfully discharge his duties as said agent, then this obligation shall be void, otherwise to remain in full force and effect. It being understood and agreed that this obligation shall not be annulled or revoked without the consent of the above-named company, but shall be and remain in force as long as said Davis R. Boogher shall continue to be the agent of said company, whether under his existing appointment or any future one, and whether such present or future agency be sole, or whether said Davis R. Boogher be joined with any other person or persons, and until all transactions under such agency shall have been finally adjusted and settled, and all liabilities of said Davis R. Boogher by reason thereof shall have been discharged.'
Boogher was at that time employed by the company as soliciting agent under a contract of appointment dated Oct. 27, 1871, which took effect November 1 of that year. The contract, after minutely prescribing his duties and the rate of commission to be allowed upon premiums on policies of insurance effected by or through him, provides for his discharge as agent and the forfeiture of his right to commissions on renewals in the event of any dereliction of duty. A new contract of appointment, made Dec. 23, 1873, differs from the preceding one as to the rate of commissions allowed, and contains the following:--
'14. The commissions as above subject to the stipulations and limitations herein contained, shall continue to be paid to the said agent, or in case of his death, to his personal representatives, for the term of ten years from the date of each policy, provided he shall continue to act exclusively for said company for term of five years; but in case said agent shall be discontinued for cause by said company, then all commissions which would accrue to him under this or any former contract shall be forfeited to said company unconditionally.'
'15. This contract abrogates all former ones, so far as new business is concerned.'
The breach of the condition of the bond alleged was, that Boogher misappropriated funds of the company amounting to $1,400.
The defendants traversed the breach, and claimed as a special defence, that as the acts complained of related to new business transacted after the date of the second appointment, the bond was abrogated, and that they were therefore released from liability thereunder.
Boogher filed a separate answer by way of counter-claim for $6,000 damages, alleging that the company had broken the contract of Dec. 23, 1873, by refusing to permit him to collect the premiums on insurances effected by him, and by refusing to perform the contract on its part, or to pay him according to its terms.
The company denied any breach on its part of the contract of employment, and alleged that Boogher, prior to the institution of the suit, had been discharged for cause, and that, therefore, all his rights to commissions were unconditionally forfeited.
By the act to regulate practice in civil cases in Missouri, 'all or any of the issues of fact in the action may be referred, upon the written consent of the parties.' Wag. Stat. 1041, sect. 17; Gen. Stat. 169, sect. 17. 'All testimony takes before referees shall be reduced to writing, and if either party shall except to the competency of a witness, or the admission or exclusion of evidence, or any other matter to which exceptions may be taken, the referees, if required, shall state the particulars lars of the exceptions in their report.' Wag. Stat. 148, sect. 39. 'The referees shall, in all cases, report . . . showing the . . . proceedings had, and return the same, together with the testimony taken, to the court.' Id., sect. 40. 'All exceptions to the report . . . shall be in writing, and filed within four days, in term, after the report is filed. . . .' Id., sect. 41. 'If exceptions are allowed, the matter may again be referred, with instructions, if necessary; but if the report is confirmed by the court, judgment shall be rendered thereon in the same manner and with like effect as upon a special verdict.' Id., sect. 42.
In this case the record shows the following entry: 'Now come the parties by their attorneys, . . . and this cause being regularly called for trial, and both parties being ready, it is ordered that a jury come; and thereupon comes said jury, to wit, . . . twelve good and lawful men, duly sworn and impanelled well and truly to try the issues joined herein; and now, by consent of parties, it is ordered that a juror be withdrawn, and said juror being withdrawn, it is ordered that this cause be referred to Amos M. Thayer for final report, subject, however, to exceptions.' Under this order the referee tried the cause and made his report, stating the issues tried and his findings of fact and law thereon. The testimony was returned with the report, and certain exceptions taken before him were noted in the return. The defendants appeared in court and objected to the confirmation of the report, filing twenty-two separate exceptions, most of which were to the effect that the findings of fact were not sustained by the evidence. The others were as follows: '4. The conclusions of said referee in said report are not sustained by his findings of fact therein. 5. Said report is erroneous and not in accordance with law. . . . 8. The referee erred in finding that the special plea of release in the answers herein had not been sustained. . . . 15. The referee erred in admitting the accounts mentioned in the report as evidence against the defendants. 16. The referee erred in admitting incompetent and irrelevant testimony in favor of plaintiff. . . . 19. The referee erred in admitting in evidence a note of $1,000, dated Oct. 8, 1873.'
Upon the hearing by the court the evidence was read together with the report, and, after argument, the exceptions were overruled as a whole. To this the defendants excepted generally. A new trial was then moved for, and overruled. To this another exception was noted. The court made the following order and finding:--
'Now come the said parties by their attorneys, . . . and the exceptions to the referee's report herein being submitted to the court, and the same having been duly considered, it is ordered that said exceptions be overruled, and that the report of the referee be and the same is hereby confirmed and approved, and thereupon this cause is submitted to the court upon the pleadings and the report of said referee, on consideration whereof the court finds that the defendant, Davis R. Boogher, is indebted to the plaintiff by reason of the breaches of the writing obligatory sued upon in the sum of twelve hundred and seventeen dollars and fifty-two cents.'
Judgment was thereupon rendered against the defendants for the penalty of the bond sued on, to be discharged upon the payment of said sum and costs of suit.
A bill of exceptions was then taken, which sets forth the report of the referee, the testimony before him with the objections noted, the exceptions to the report, the exception to the order confirming it, the motion for a new trial, the order overruling it, and the exception thereto.
The defendants sued out this writ, and assign for error: '1. That the referee erred in finding in favor of the defendant in error, on the counter-claim of Boogher, and the court erred in confirming the finding. 2. The undisputed facts in the case, established by the testimony of the defendant in error, fail to support the finding of the referee, that Boogher was discharged for good cause, because of an 'unauthorized detention of plaintiff's funds,' and the court erred in confirming that finding. 3. The pleadings of the defendant in error are not supported by any evidence; and, 4. The special plea of discharge was fully sustained, as appears by the pleadings and findings of the referee, and the court erred in not rendering judgment for plaintiffs in error thereon.'
Mr. Shepard Barclay and Mr. Linden Kent for the plaintiffs in error.
Mr. Frederick N. Judson, contra.
MR. CHIEF JUSTICE WAITE delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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