OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Judith, daughter of Welff

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JUDITH,
Daughter of Welff, a count, by some writers called the Duke of Bavaria, was selected, for her beauty, to be the second wife of Louis de Debonnaire, son of Charlemagne, Emperor of France. She was well educated, and succeeded in obtaining such control over the king's affections, that she governed not only in the palace, but also exercised the greatest influence in the government. Her eldest son, who afterwards reigned under the name of Charles the Bold, was born in 823; but as the king had already divided his estates between the sons of his former marriage, there was nothing left for him. Judith immediately exerted herself to obtain a kingdom for her child; and having made her god-son, Bernard, Duke of Aquitaine, prime minister, a national assembly was convoked at Worms, and by the consent of Lothaire, the eldest son of Louis, the country between the Jura, Alps, Rhine, and Maine, was given to Charles, who was placed under the care of Bernard.
Pepin, the second son of Louis, having convinced Lothaire of his folly in yielding up his possessions at the request of Judith, induced him to unite with him in a rebellion against Judith and Louis. In 829 they surrounded Aix, took Judith and her husband prisoners, and accusing the former of too great intimacy with Bernard, forced her to take the veil, in the convent of St. Radagonde, at Poitiers. They, however, permitted her to have a private interview with her husband, on condition that she would urge on him the necessity of an immediate abdication. Judith promised to do so; but instead, advised Louis to yield to circumstances, and go to the monastery of St. Médard, at Soissons, but not to abdicate the crown. The king followed her advice; and, in 830, Lothaire, having quarrelled with his brother, restored the crown to Louis, who immediately recalled Judith. The pope released her from her conventual vows, and she cleared herself by an oath from the accusation of adultery that was brought against her. Bernard, who had fled to Aquitaine, also returned, and offered to prove his innocence of the crime by single combat, with any of his accusers. No one accepted the challenge, but the public feeling was so strong against him, that the empress was obliged to send him away.
In 833, the emperor was again betrayed and deposed by his children, although Judith had exerted herself in every way, even by cruelty, to retain for her weak husband the power he could not keep for himself. After a year of confinement, Louis was again placed on the throne; and by the new division of the empire ​arranged in 839, Judith had the satisfaction of seeing her son placed in possession of a large share of those estates from which he had seemed for ever excluded. Louis the Mild died in 840, and Judith only survived him three years. She died at Tours. Some historians, however, say that her death did not occur till 848, or even till 874. In her heart the mother's ambition was the predominating power.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Julia, daughter of Julius Caesar and Cornelia

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JULIA,
Daughter of Julius Cæsar and Cornelia, was one of the most attractive and virtuous of the Roman ladies. She was first married to Cornelius Cæpion, but divorced from him to become the wife of Pompey, who was so fond of her as to neglect, on her account, politics and arms. She died B.C. 53. Had she lived, there would not have been war between Cæsar and Pompey.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Judson, Anne Hasseltine

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JUDSON, ANNE HASSELTINE,
Was born in 1789, in Bradford, Massachusetts. She was carefully educated, and became early distinguished for her deep and earnest religious character. In February, 1812, she married Adoniram Judson; and in the same month sailed for Calcutta, her husband being appointed missionary in India. Soon after they reached Calcutta, they were ordered by the East India Company, who were opposed to all missionary labour among the natives, to quit the country. While waiting for an opportunity of leaving, Mr. and Mrs. Judson employed their time in investigating the subject of baptism; and being convinced that their previous opinions had been erroneous, they joined the Baptist Church at Calcutta. In July, 1813, Mr. and Mrs. Judson arrived at Rangoon, in Burmah, where for many years they laboured successfully and diligently in the cause of religion. In 1821, in consequence of protracted ill health, Mrs. Judson returned alone to America, where she remained till 1823, when she rejoined her husband in Rangoon. Difficulties now arose between the government of Bengal and the Burman empire, and the taking of Rangoon by the British, in 1824, caused the imprisonment of Mr. Judson and several other foreigners, who were at Ava, the capital of that empire. For two years the inexpressible sufferings endured by these prisoners, were alleviated by the constant care and exertions of Mrs. Judson; and ft was owing in a great measure to her efforts that they were at last released.
In 1826, the missionary establishment was removed from Rangoon to Amherst; and in October, of that year, Mrs. Judson died of a fever during her husband's absence. The physician attributed the ​fatal termination of the disease to the injury her constitution bad received from her long-protracted sufferings and severe privations at Ava.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Judson, Sarah B.

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JUDSON, SARAH B.,
Daughter of Ralph and Abia Hull, was born in Alstead, New Hampshire, November 4th., 1803. She was first married to the Rev. George D. Boardman, in 1825, and soon after accompanied her husband, and other missionaries, to Calcutta. The first destination of Mr. and Mrs. Boardman, was Tavoy; and there, after encountering great dangers and sufferings, and overcoming appalling difficulties and discouragements, in all of which Mrs. Boardman shared with her beloved husband, Mr. Boardman died, in 1831. She had previously lost two children; one only, a son, was left her, and they were alone in a strange land. But she did not desert her missionary duties. Four years she remained a widow, and then was united in marriage with the Rev. Dr. Judson. Their union was a happy one; but after the birth of her fourth child, her health failed, and a voyage to America was recommended as the only hope of restoration. Dr. Judson, with his wife and children, took passage for their own country; but on reaching the Isle of France, Mrs. Judson's health was so greatly improved, that Dr. Judson, whose duties in Burmah were urgent, determined to return, while his wife and children should visit America.
But they did not thus part; on putting out to sea, Mrs. Judson grew rapidly worse, and died within sight of the rocky island of St. Helena, where she was buried, September 3rd., 1845.
If this second Mrs. Judson was less distinguished than her predecessor for strength of mind and the power of concentrating her energies, so as to display, at a glance, her talents, yet she was not inferior in loveliness of character. The genius and piety of Mrs. Sarah B. Judson will ever keep her memory sacred, as a pure light in the path of the female missionary.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Judith, of the tribe of Reuben

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JUDITH,
Of the tribe of Reuben, daughter of Meravi, and widow of Manasseh, lived in Bethuliah, when it was besieged by Holoferaes. She was beautiful and wealthy, and lived very much secluded. Being informed that the chief of Bethulia had promised to deliver it in five days, she sent for the elders and remonstrated with them, and declared her intention of leaving the city for a short time. Judith then prayed, dressed herself in her best attire, and pretending to have fled from the city, went, with her maid, to the camp of Holofemes, whom she captivated by her beauty, and eventually destroyed by striking off his head while he lay asleep in his tent after a debauch; his army was then defeated; everything that had belonged to him was given to Judith, and who consecrated his arms and the curtains of his bed to the Lord. Judith died in Bethulia at the age of one hundred and five, was buried with her husband, and all the people lamented her seven days.
The "Song of Judith," as recorded in the Apocrypha, is a poem of much power and beauty.
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Bis

From volume 1 of the work.
​BIS (Fr.), that is, 'twice,' a cry more in use abroad than here, and equivalent to Encore. The French even have a verb, bisser, to repeat.
When written, as it sometimes is in MS. music, over a phrase or passage, it signifies that the notes are to be repeated; the same thing would be effected by dots of repetition at the beginning and end of the phrase.
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Bishop, John (1665–1737)

[ M. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Bitter, Karl

[ A. D. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Bizet, Georges

From volume 1 of the work.
[ G. C. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Bischoff, Ludwig

From volume 1 of the work.
[ A. M. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Bishop, Ann

[ M. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Bishop, John (1817–?)

From volume 1 of the work.
[ W. H. H. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Bishop and Son

[ V. de P. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Boccabadati, Luigia

From volume 1 of the work.
[ J. M. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Bockshorn, Samuel

From volume 1 of the work.
[ F. G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Boehm

From volume 1 of the work.
[ F. G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Bocklet, Carl von

From volume 1 of the work.
[ F. G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Bode, Johann

From volume 1 of the work.
[ M. C. C. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Blumenthal, Jacob

From volume 1 of the work.
[ A. M. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Bob

From volume 1 of the work.
[ C. A. W. T. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Bochsa, Robert

From volume 1 of the work.
​BOCHSA, Robert Nicolas Charles, composer and eminent harpist, born at Montmédi 1789 [App. p.549 "Aug. 9"], was the son of Karl Bochsa, a flute and clarinet-player. He played the piano and flute in public at an early age, and composed airs de ballet for the theatre while yet a child. Before he was sixteen his opera 'Trajan' was produced at Lyons in honour of the Emperor's visit. His family having removed to Bourdeaux he became a pupil of Franz Beck, under whom he wrote a ballet, and an oratorio, 'Le Déluge Universel.' In 1806 he entered the Conservatoire at Paris as a pupil first of Catel and then of Méhul. He studied the harp under Nadermann and Marin, but soon formed a style of his own. He was continually discovering new effects, even to the close of his life, and may fairly be said to have revolutionised harp-playing. In 1813 he was appointed harpist to the Emperor Napoleon, and three years later to Louis XVIII and the Duc de Berri. Eight operas from his pen were performed at the Opéra Comique between 1813 and 1816. He composed a requiem to the memory of Louis XVI, which was performed with great solemnity in Jan. 1816, but a year later he was detected in extensive forgeries, and fled from France never to return. He was tried in his absence, and condemned to 12 years imprisonment, with a fine of 4,000 francs. He took refuge in London, where his fine playing was universally admired, and so popular did the harp become that he was unable to satisfy all the applicants for lessons. Parish-Alvars and J. B. Chatterton were both pupils of Bochsa. In 1822 he undertook the joint management, with Sir George Smart, of the Lent oratorios, and in 1823 the entire direction of them. Here he produced Stadler's 'Jerusalem,' oratorios by Wade and Sir John Stevenson, and his own 'Déluge Universel.' On the institution of the Royal Academy of Music Bochsa was appointed professor of the harp and general secretary, but in 1827 was dismissed on account of public attacks upon his character which he was unable to deny. In 1826 he succeeded Coccia as conductor at the King's Theatre, and six years later was himself succeeded by Costa. Rossini's 'Comte Ory' was produced under his management. Bochsa gave annual concerts, the programme of which always contained some striking novelty, though not always in the best taste. For instance, at one of them Beethoven's 'Pastoral Symphony' was accompanied by acted illustrations. In 1839 he ran away with the wife of Sir Henry Bishop and undertook a concert tour, visiting every country of Europe (except France), America, and Australia, where he died of dropsy at Sydney in 1855. Immediately before his death he composed a requiem, which was performed at his funeral.
[ M. C. C. ]
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Suan
### Suan.
#### 旋$^{-1}$

    To circulate; go round; return; to bring about; then; next.

#### 璇$^{-1}$璿$^{-1}$

    Name of a valuable stone; an astronomical instrument.

#### 宣$^1$

    To promulgate; proclaim; to summon; to spread abroad.

#### 喧$^1$

    Loud; clamorous; noise.

#### 暄$^1$煊$^1$

    Warmth of the sun; genial warmth; evening.

#### 萱$^1$

    Name of a plant which, when eaten, is said to ensure the birth of a son.

#### 諠$^1$

    False; irregular; clamorous.

#### 選$^2$

    To choose; select; appoint; timorous; apprehensive.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/So
### So.
#### 穌$^1$甦$^1$

    To desist and rest; tranquil; to resuscitate; come to life from the dead.

#### 蘇$^1$

    Name of a medicinal plant; cheerful; to rest; resuscitate.

#### 蒐$^1$

    A medicinal plant called earth's-blood; to hunt; to hide.

#### 藪$^1$

    A thicket in which are animals and lakes for fish.

#### 廋$^1$

    To conceal; hide; crafty; to search for what is hidden.

#### 叟$^2$

    A respectful epithet applied to aged persons.

#### 瞍$^2$

    An eye without a pupil; an aged person.

#### 溲$^{3-}$

    To steep in water; void urine.

#### 瘦$^{3-}$

    Lean; emaciated.

#### 潄$^{3-}$

    To wash the mouth; to rinse; spit out.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Su
### Su.
#### 殊$^{-1}$

    To kill; cut off; exterminate; to exceed; distinguish; superlative; very.

#### 殳$^{-1}$

    A military weapon; the handle of a spear.

#### 帤$^{-1}$

    A large cloth or napkin; a streamer; part of a bow.

#### 輸$^1$

    To rotate; to lose in any contest; be defeated; inferior; to offer to.

#### 須$^1$

    To need; necessary; requisite; to wait for or expect.

#### 需$^1$

    Necessary; what is necessary; to doubt; hesitate; stop.

#### 濡$^1$

    Enriched with moisture; to instill into; patient; mild.

#### 胥$^1$

    Altogether; mutually; to wait; fleshy.

#### 糈$^1$

    Grain given as a ration or used in sacrifice.

#### 諝$^1$

    To know; natural talent and acquired knowledge; wise; deceitful.

#### 紓$^1$

    Slow; remiss; procrastinating; calamitous.

#### 舒$^1$

    To open out; spread open; expand; leisure; ease; order.

#### 𪅰$^1$

    A bird resembling a duck.

#### 暑$^2$

    Hot weather; summer.

#### 楮$^2$

    Name of a tree of the bark of which cloth and paper are made.

#### 緒$^2$

    The commencement; clue; course of events; examine into.

#### 褚$^2$

    A clothes bag or basket; a pall; to cut and make clothes.

#### 署$^2$

    A public court; a temporary officer.

#### 曙$^2$

    The light of the rising sun; morning; clear.

#### 黍$^2$

    Grain; millet; a certain plant.

#### 杵$^2$

    A wooden beater or pestle.

#### 序$^{-3}$

    Order; arrangement; a school-room; college; preface of a book.

#### 叙$^{-3}$

    To arrange or explain in order; to converse about.

#### 豎$^{-3}$

    To stand erect; to set up; establish; upright; chaste.

#### 樹$^{-3}$

    To plant; erect; set on end.

#### 庶$^{3-}$

    A great many; a multitude; nearly; probably.

#### 恕$^{3-}$

    Benevolent; indulgent; to excuse an offence. ​

#### 絮$^{3-}$

    The coarser part of silk; to compound; reiterate; verbose.

#### 訴$^{3-}$

    To inform of; to accuse; to state in one's defence; calumny.

#### 素$^{3-}$

    White; plain; not ornamented; originally; heretofore.

#### 塐$^{3-}$

    To mould or form anything of earth or clay; an image.

#### 愫$^{3-}$

    Sincere; true-hearted; one's real purpose.

#### 愬$^{3-}$

    To inform of; accuse; defend; state to; calumny.

#### 溯$^{3-}$

    To drive water back contrary to its natural course.

#### 遡$^{3-}$

    To meet or go against; to urge; to accuse.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Siàng
### Siàng.
#### 嫦$^{-1}$

    A celebrated goddess in the palace of the moon.

#### 庠$^{-1}$

    A village school; a college; to instruct; feed or nourish.

#### 祥$^{-1}$

    Goodness; felicity; a prognostic; a good omen.

#### 翔$^{-1}$

    To fly or look back; dignified; respectable.

#### 詳$^{-1}$

    To examine, deliberate, and judge; to explain clearly; minute.

#### 裳$^{-1}$

    Garments for the lower parts of the body; pantaloons.

#### 商$^{-1}$

    A merchant; to devise; arrange; deliberate; consult.

#### 徜$^1$

    Disconcerted; irresolute; disappointed; extravagant.

#### 襄$^1$

    To assist; effect; accomplish; to praise; merit; fore-horses in a coach.

#### 勷$^1$

    In haste; urgent; hurried.

#### 穰$^1$

    The stock of grain; growing luxuriantly; abundance.

#### 鑲$^1$

    To inlay or plate with metal.

#### 驤$^1$

    A spirited horse; to elevate; remote.

#### 殤$^1$

    Untimely death; to die.

#### 觴$^1$

    A wine cup; a full cup; to cause to drink wine.

#### 相$^1$

    Mutually; reciprocally; to examine; to blend with.

#### 湘$^1$

    To boil; name of a river, lake and hill.

#### 上$^2$

    To ascend; go up; promote; high.

#### 尙$^{-3}$

    Yet; still; nearly; probably; to add; title of officers about the court; to receive.

#### 相$^{3-}$

    To assist; lead; direct; a minister of state; to reckon.

#### 像$^{3-}$

    To imitate; similar; a likeness; an image.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Soi
### Soi.
#### 洗$^2$

    To wash; cleanse; purify.

#### 細$^{3-}$

    Fine; small; delicate; as fine silk; petty; gentle; careful.

#### 小$^{3-}$

    Small; little; young.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Suak
### Suak.
#### 朔$^{-4}$

    The first day of the moon; to begin; commence.

#### 塑$^{-4}$

    An image; idol; to mould; form.

#### 槊$^{-4}$

    A long spear; a railing; name of a wood.

#### 數$^{-4}$

    Numerous; troublesome; hurried; irreverent.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Siu
### Siu.
#### 泅$^{-1}$

    To swim.

#### 收$^1$

    To collect or receive; to bind or restrain.

#### 修$^1$

    To direct; regulate; adorn; cultivate the mind or heart.

#### 梳$^1$

    A comb; to comb; to dress.

#### 羞$^1$

    To be ashamed; conscious of having done wrong; to offer to a superior.

#### 饈$^1$

    To present food to a superior; to feed; food.

#### 首$^2$

    To head; a chief; a leader; to head; to manifest; origin. ​

#### 守$^2$

    To hold fast; guard; keep; protect; observe.

#### 帚$^2$

    Ordure; to sweep away filth.

#### 箒$^2$

    A besom; a broom; a certain kind of bamboo.

#### 受$^{-3}$

    To receive; accept; endure; forms the passive of verbs.

#### 授$^{-3}$

    To give to; to communicate.

#### 綬$^{-3}$

    A piece of silk to which official seals are suspended.

#### 壽$^3$

    Longevity; age; a delicate term for death.

#### 秀$^{3-}$

    Flowery; splendid; elegant; luxuriant.

#### 綉$^{3-}$

    A section of cotton; to embroider.

#### 銹$^{3-}$

    Rust in metals.

#### 妯$^{3-}$

    Disquietude of mind; grief; the older of two wives.

#### 岫$^{3-}$

    A den or cavern in a mountain; a ravine.

#### 袖$^{3-}$

    The sleeve or cuff of a garment; valuable.

#### 守$^{3-}$狩$^{3-}$

    To hunt; to go round and examine, as an officer; to patrol.

#### 獸$^{3-}$

    A quadruped; a wild beast; an animal.

#### 繡$^{3-}$

    To variegate with different colors; embroidered.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Song
### Song.
#### 嵩$^1$

    A lofty mountain; highly elevated; eminent.

#### 悚$^2$

    Double-minded; timorous; agitated by hopes and fear. ​

#### 竦$^2$

    Respect; awe; to stand in a stiff formal manner; to exalt.

#### 嵸$^2$

    The summits of hills or mountains.

#### 聳$^2$

    A sound in the ear; to stir up by advice; excite; inflame.

#### 訟$^{-3}$

    Litigation; strife; contention; wrangling; disputation.

#### 頌$^{-3}$

    The countenance; to praise; to publish the virtues of any one.

#### 誦$^{-3}$

    To recite; chant; sing; to discuss; calumniate.

#### 宋$^{3-}$

    Name of an ancient dynasty; a dwelling; to dwell.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Sok
### Sok.
#### 属$^{-4}$屬$^{-4}$

    To be connected with; belong or pertain to; a class; species; kindred; to cause.

#### 㔉$^{-4}$

    To chop; hew.

#### 囑$^{-4}$

    To tell; direct; give orders to.

#### 續$^{-4}$

    To follow in succession; continuous; successively.

#### 贖$^{-4}$

    To ransom; redeem; atone for; a ransom.

#### 俗$^{-4}$

    The lower walks of life; common; vulgar; customary.

#### 孰$^{-4}$

    Who? what? which? mature; ripe.

#### 塾$^{-4}$

    A school; an outer apartment; antechamber; lodge.

#### 夙$^4$

    Early in the morning; speedily; respect and diligence.

#### 束$^4$

    To bind as a bundle of sticks; to restrain; coarse; a bundle.

#### 觫$^4$

    Afraid; afraid of death.

#### 速$^4$

    Fleet; with haste; speedily; hurried.

#### 餗$^4$

    Food contained in a boiler; rice food.

#### 寂$^4$

    Silent; quiet; lonely; poor; stillness; repose; inactive.

#### 淑$^4$

    Pure; limpid; uncorrupted; virtuous; accomplished.

#### 菽$^4$

    Pulse; corn.

#### 踧$^4$

    A respectful, sedate, easy manner or gait.

#### 索$^4$

    To extort; extortion; to use violence; a cord; a rope.

#### 縮$^4$

    To confuse; to contract in dimensions; to bind; confusion.

#### 蓿$^4$

    Name of a wild root which cows and horses eat.

#### 肅$^4$

    Dread; fear; awe; respect; stillness; with speed.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Sua
### Sua.
#### 沙$^1$

    Sand; pebbles; anything small.

#### 鯊$^1$

    A shark.

#### 徒$^2$

    To remove or be removed from one place to another.

#### 殺$^4$煞$^4$

    To kill; to execute; to murder; to overcome; murderous.

#### 宿$^4$

    To pass the night; to sleep; a halting place; an inn.
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Cudmore, Richard

From volume 1 of the work.
[ W. H. H. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Cue

From volume 1 of the work.
​CUE, i. e. queue, the tail of the preceding passage. Where a player or singer is reading from a separate part, and not from the score, some help is advisable to aid him in coming in correctly after the long pauses. A few notes of some other part immediately preceding the entrance of his own are therefore printed small in the stave as a guide; and this is called a cue:—
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Curioni

From volume 1 of the work.
[ J. M. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Cui, Cesar

[ M. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Crwth

From volume 1 of the work.
​CRWTH (i.e. Crooth) or CROWD, as far as we know the oldest stringed instrument played with the bow; probably at home in India, but in its European use apparently limited to England, and especially to Wales. It is first mentioned in some elegiacs, written about 609, by Venantius Fortunatus, Bishop of Poitiers, running thus:
Its oldest form was probably the 'crwth trithant,' or with three strings, pictures of which are found in manuscripts of the nth century. We first hear it mentioned again by Daines Barrington, a Welsh judge and archæologist, who relates that he knew one John Morgan, born 1711 in the isle of Anglesey, who still played the crwth. Bingley also heard it played at Carnarvon as late as 1801; but it is now entirely out of use. In its later form it was mounted with six strings, four stretched over the finger-board and played with the bow, and two, lying at the side of the finger-board, pinched with the thumb of the left hand. The strings were tuned either as (a)—according to Edward Jones, the celebrated Welsh harp-player—
[ P. D. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Crüger, Johann

From volume 1 of the work.
[ A. M. ]