# The Earth and Its Inhabitants/Asia/Volume 1

A translation of Reclus's Nouvelle Géographie Universelle ("New Universal Geography").
THE
E A R T H A N D I T S I N H A B I T A N T S.
A S I A .
by
ÉLISÉE RECLUS.
edited by
E. G. RAVENSTEIN, F.R.G.S., F.S.S., Etc.,
and
A. H. KEANE, B. A., memb. of council, anthropological institute.
VOL. I.
ASIATIC RUSSIA: CAUCASIA, ARALO-CASPIAN BASIN, SIBERIA.
ILLUSTRATED BY NUMEROUS ENGRAVINGS AND MAPS.
NEW YORK: D. APPLETON AND COMPANY, 1, 3, and 5 BOND STREET. 1884.
CONTENTS.
ASIATIC RUSSIA.
| | | | page |
| Chap. I. | General Remarks on Asia | General Remarks on Asia | 1 |
| | | Plateaux: Highlands and Lowlands, p. 3. Geological Formation: Igneous Forces, p. 6. Climate: Diminution of Moisture, p. 8. Areas of Inland Drainage, p. 9. Rivers flowing Seawards, p. 12. Temperature, Rainfall, Vegetation, p. 14. Peninsulas, p. 15. Inhabitants, Culture, p. 18. Religions, p. 21. Historical Retrospect, Migrations, p. 23. European Influences, p. 24. Progress of Discovery, p. 25. Political Rivalries, p. 28. | |
| Chap. II. | Caucasia | Caucasia | 33 |
| | | I. Caucasia: The Ponto-Caspian Mountain System, p. 33. The Great Caucasus, p. 34. Geological Formation, Volcanic Action, p. 38. Water Systems, Snow-line, Rainfall, Glaciers, p. 40. Vegetation, Fauna, p. 43. Inhabitants: Varied Ethnical and Linguistic Elements, p. 46. Russian Conquests: Main Physical Divisions, p. 48. II. Western Caucasia: Kuban Basin, p. 50. River Systems: Kuban Basin, p. 50. Taman Peninsula, p. 53. Inhabitants: the Cherkesses, p. 54. The Abkhasians and Cossacks, p. 57. Topography, p. 60. III. Central Caucasus: Kuma and Terek Basins, p. 64. River Systems: Kuma Basin, p. 65. The Terek, p. 68. Inhabitants: the Kabards, p. 70. The Osses and Nogai Tatars, p. 71. Topography, p. 73. IV. Eastern Caucasia: Daghestan, p. 78. River Systems, p. 79. Inhabitants: the Chechenzes, p. 79. The Lezghians, Tats, and Tatars, p. 83. Topography, p. 86. V. Inoúk, Rion, and Chorukh Basins: Mingrelia, Imeritia, Svania, Lazistan, p. 88. The Climate, Flora and Fauna, p. 91. Inhabitants: the Svans and Raebians, p. 92. Imeritians, Mingrelians, and Lazes, p. 94. Topography, p. 96. VI. The Kura Basin: Georgia, Transcaucasian Tatary, p. 100. River Systems: the Kura, p. 100. Agriculture, Irrigation Works, Climate, p. 104. Lower Kura Basin: Apsheron Peninsula, p. 106. Inhabitants: the Georgians, p. 111. The Khevsurs, Pshavs, and Tûshes, p. 116. The Tatars, Talishes, Slavs, and Germans, p. 119. Topography, p. 120. VII. Russian Armenia: Ararat, Ala-göz, Plateau of Lake Gok-chai, and Araxis Basin, p. 130. Orography: Ararat, Ala-göz, p. 130. Lake Gok-chai, the Karabagh, Flora and Fauna, p. 136. The Araxis Basin, p. 139. Inhabitants: the Armenians, p. 140. Topography, p. 145. VIII. General Condition and Administration of the Caucasus, p. 150. Land Tenure, Agriculture, p. 152. Population, Industries, Trade, Education, p. 154. Religions, Finance, Administration, p. 158. | |
| Chap. III. | The Aralo-Caspian Basin: Russian Turkestan, the Turkoman Country, Khiva, Bokhara, Region of the Upper Oxus | The Aralo-Caspian Basin: Russian Turkestan, the Turkoman Country, Khiva, Bokhara, Region of the Upper Oxus | 161 |
| | | I. General Survey, p. 164. II. The Pamir and Alaï, p. 165. Flora, Fauna, Lakes of the Pamir, p. 170. The Alai Highland, p. 171. III. The Tian-shan, p. 175. Orographic System, p. 176. Katûn and Yulduz Highlands, p. 179. Semirechinsk Region, p. 182. Alatau Highland, p. 183. Lake Issîk-kul and Western Tian-shan Highlands, p. 184. IV. Tarbagatai Highlands and Balkhash Basin, p. 189. Lake Balkhash, p. 191. Semirechinsk River System: the Ili, p. 192. V. The Aralo-Caspian Hydrographic System, p. 193. The Turkestan Deserts, p. 194. Flora and Fauna of Turkestan, p. 195. Water System: the Sir, p. 198. The Oxus River System, p 201. The Aral Sea, p. 208. The Turkoman Deserts and Highlands, p. 213. The Atrek and Gurgan Rivers, p. 214. The Ust-urt Plateau, p. 215. East Coast of the Caspian, p. 217. VI. Inhabitants of the Aralo-Caspian Regions, p. 219. The Turkomans, p. 220. The Kara-Kalpaks and Kirghiz, p. 225. The Taranchis and Dungans, p. 231. The Uzbegs, p. 233. The Sartes, Tajiks, and Galchas, p. 234. VII. States of the Aralo-Caspian Basin: I. Baktriana, or Afghan Turkestan, p. 237. Wakhan, p. 238. Badakshan, p. 240. Kunduz and Bamian, p. 244. Khulm, Balkh, Andkhoi, p. 247. II. Merv: the Southern Turkomans, p. 250. III. Bokhara, p. 252. Shignan and Roshan, p. 253. Darvaz and Karateghin, p. 253. Hissar: the Iron Gate, p. 255. Topography: Bokhara, p. 257. IV. Khiva, p. 263. V. Russian Turkestan, p. 268. Ferghana Basin: Topography, p. 272. Samarkand, p. 272. Kulja Basin: Topography, 284. Administration of Turkestan, 287. | |
| Chap. IV. | Siberia | Siberia | 292 |
| | | I. Siberia, p. 292. Progress of Conquest and Discovery, p. 293. Water Highways, Portages, Highlands, p. 297. River Systems, p. 300. Northern Seaboard, p. 303. Pacific Seaboard: Transbaikalia, p. 304. Climate, p. 305. Flora, p. 310. Fauna, p. 314. Inhabitants: the Chûdes, p. 317. II. The Altaï Highlands, p. 319. Flora and Fauna of the Altaï, p. 323. Inhabitants: the Kalmuks, Tatars, and Russians, p. 324. Topography, p. 327. III. The Ob Basin: Governments of Akmolinsk, Semipalatinsk, Tomsk, Tobolsk, Eastern Districts of the Governments of Perm and Orenburg, p. 329. The Irtish Basin, p. 330. Course of the Ob, p. 334. Inhabitants of the Ob Basin: the Voguls, p. 338. The Ostiaks, p. 340. The Ural Mining Districts, p. 344. Topography of West Siberia, p. 346. IV. Yenesei-Baikal Basin, p. 352. Basin of the Western Yenesei, p. 352. Inhabitants: the Chûdes, p. 355. The Soyots and Karagasses, p. 356. The Tunguses, p. 358. Topography, p. 361. The Baikal-Angara Basin, p. 364. The Tunka Highlands, p. 366. Lake Baikal, p. 368. The Angara Water System, p. 373. Inhabitants: the Buriats, p. 375. Topography, p. 378. V. Basin of the Lena: Shores of the Arctic Ocean, p. 382. The Lena and its Inhabitants, p. 384. The Yana, Kolima, and Indigirka Rivers, the Arctic Islands, New Siberia, p. 388. Inhabitants: the Yakuts, Yukaghirs, and Chuvantzes, p. 393. Topography, p. 398. VI. Bering Peninsula, Basin of the Anadir, and Kamchatka, p. 399. Bering Strait and Sea, p. 402. Fauna and Flora, p. 406. Inhabitants: the Chukchis, p. 408. The Koriaks and Kamehadales, p. 413. VII. The Stanovoi Highlands, Amur Basin, Russian Manchuria, p. 417. The Stanovoi Uplands: the Yablonoi Range, p. 419. The Daûrian Plateau, p. 420. The Amur River System, p. 423. The Sungari and Usuri Rivers, p. 425. The Lower Amur and its Delta, p. 428. The Manchurian Seaboard, p. 431. Climate of Manchuria, p. 432. Manchurian Fauna and Flora, p. 434. Inhabitants: the Golds and other Tungus Tribes, p. 436. The Tazi, Mandzi, Giliaks, and Russians, p. 437. The Kamenshaki, p. 440. Topography, p. 442. VIII. Sakhalin, p. 448. Highlands, p. 452. Climate, Fauna, Flora, p. 453. Inhabitants: the Ainos and Oroks, p. 455. Topography, p. 457. IX. Material Condition and Administration of Siberia, p. 459. Social Elements: the Exiles and Outlaws, p. 459. The Siberian Russians: the Commune, p. 463. Religious Sects: the Stranniki, p. 465. Agriculture, the Chase and Fisheries, p. 465. Mining Industries, p. 467. Manufactures, Trade, p. 469. Highways of Communication, the Trakt, Railway Projects, p. 471. Education, Administration, p. 472. Siberian Political Life, p. 474. Growth of the Russian Empire, p. 475. Merv, p. 478. The Dera-göz, 481. The Akhal Tekke Country, 483. Races of Asiatic Russia grouped according to their Affinities and Religions, p. 485. | |
| Appendix: | Statistical Tables | Statistical Tables | 489 |
| Index | | | 497 |
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
MAPS PRINTED IN COLOURS.
| | | | page | | | page |
| 1. | Hypsographical Map of Asia. | Frontispiece. | | 4. | The Delta of the Amu-daria | 205 |
| 2. | Ethnographical Map of the Caucasus | Ethnographical Map of the Caucasus | 46 | 5. | Ethnographical Map of Northern Asia | 303 |
| 3. | Lakes Balkhash and Issik-kul | Lakes Balkhash and Issik-kul | 191 | 6. | Victoria Bay, or Gulf of Peter the Great | 432 |
PLATES.
| Cliffs in the "Yellow Earth," north of Tai-yuen, Shan-si | To face page | 11 | Kirghiz Horsemen | To face page | 226 |
| The Upper Yang-tse-kiang | The Upper Yang-tse-kiang | 13 | Kirghiz crossing a River | Kirghiz crossing a River | 229 |
| The Darial Defile | The Darial Defile | 42 | Tajiks of Bokhara | Tajiks of Bokhara | 234 |
| Jews of the Caucasus | Jews of the Caucasus | 56 | Colossal Idols, Upper Bamian Valley | Colossal Idols, Upper Bamian Valley | 245 |
| Patigorsk—View taken from the Mashuka Slopes | Patigorsk—View taken from the Mashuka Slopes | 73 | The Iron Gate Defile on the Karshi-Derbent Route | The Iron Gate Defile on the Karshi-Derbent Route | 257 |
| Svan Types | Svan Types | 92 | Bokhara—Assembly in front of the Mosque | Bokhara—Assembly in front of the Mosque | 258 |
| Mingrelian Types and Costumes | Mingrelian Types and Costumes | 95 | Khiva | Khiva | 265 |
| Georgian Types and Costumes | Georgian Types and Costumes | 111 | Bukhtarma Valley—Altaï Highlands | Bukhtarma Valley—Altaï Highlands | 319 |
| Imerian Types and Costumes—Group of Dancers | Imerian Types and Costumes—Group of Dancers | 115 | Ostiak Types and Costumes | Ostiak Types and Costumes | 341 |
| Khevsur in Armour | Khevsur in Armour | 118 | Yekaterinburg | Yekaterinburg | 348 |
| A Street in Tiflis | A Street in Tiflis | 124 | General View of Tobolsk | General View of Tobolsk | 350 |
| Armenian Types and Costumes | Armenian Types and Costumes | 140 | General View of Omsk | General View of Omsk | 351 |
| Town of Girùsi | Town of Girùsi | 149 | Tungus Types and Costumes | Tungus Types and Costumes | 359 |
| Shchovskiy Glacier | Shchovskiy Glacier | 173 | Irkutsk—View taken before the Fire of 1878 | Irkutsk—View taken before the Fire of 1878 | 380 |
| Kizil-kum Desert—Dussibai Wells | Kizil-kum Desert—Dussibai Wells | 194 | Chukchi Types and Costumes | Chukchi Types and Costumes | 408 |
| Lake Iskander-kul | Lake Iskander-kul | 202 | General view of Petropavlovsk | General view of Petropavlovsk | 416 |
| Shores of the Caspian | Shores of the Caspian | 208 | Gold Types and Costumes | Gold Types and Costumes | 436 |
| Turkoman Customs—Pursuit of the Bride | Turkoman Customs—Pursuit of the Bride | 222 | Port of Ayan, Sea of Okhotsk | Port of Ayan, Sea of Okhotsk | 442 |
ILLUSTRATIONS IN TEXT.
| | ASIATIC RUSSIA. | |
| fig. | | page |
| 1. | Plateaux and Plains of Central Asia | 3 |
| 2. | Parallelism of the Main Asiatic Ranges | 4 |
| 3. | Mount Everest | 5 |
| 4. | The Han-haï: a dried-up Sea-bed | 8 |
| 5. | Arid Regions and Closed Basins of Asia | 11 |
| 6. | Isobars in January | 13 |
| 7. | Isobars in July | 14 |
| 8. | Curves of the Eastern Asiatic Seaboard and Islands | 16 |
| 9. | Density of the Asiatic Populations | 17 |
| 10. | Distribution of the Asiatic Races | 19 |
| 11. | Chief Religions of Central Asia | 22 |
| 12. | Chief Itineraries of Central Asia | 27 |
| 13. | European Influence in Asia | 29 |
| | CAUCASIA. | |
| 14. | Bed of the Caspian | 35 |
| 15. | Geological Formations of the Central Caucasus | 37 |
| 16. | Hot Springs and Naphtha Regions in the Caucasus | 39 |
| 17. | Profile of the Caucasus as seen from Patigorsk | 40 |
| 18. | Rainfall of the Caucasus | 41 |
| 19. | The Kazbek: View taken from the Kazbek Station | 43 |
| 20. | Kazbek and Devdoraki Glaciers | 44 |
| 21. | Forests of the Caucasus | 45 |
| 22. | The Western Caucasus seen from off Cape Kodor | 50 |
| 23. | The Akhtari Liman | 52 |
| 24. | The Kuka-Oba Mud Volcano | 51 |
| 25. | Abkhasian Type | 58 |
| 26. | Cossack Sentinel | 59 |
| 27. | Valley of the Bzib | 61 |
| 28. | The Taman Peninsula | 62 |
| 29. | Valleys of Erosion in the Kuban Basin | 63 |
| 30. | Passanaùr, on the Tiflis-Vladikavkaz Route | 65 |
| 31. | The Elbruz Group | 66 |
| 32. | Ramification of the Kalaûs | 67 |
| 33. | Delta and flooded Districts of the Lower Terek | 68 |
| 34. | The Terek Floods of 1863 | 69 |
| 35. | Patigorsk and the Region of Thermal Waters | 74 |
| 36. | The Vladikavkaz-Ananur Route through the Terek Valley | 76 |
| 37. | The Tebulos-inta Group | 77 |
| 38. | Mouths of the Terek and Lower Sulak | 80 |
| 39. | The Kuba District | 81 |
| 40. | Nogai Youth | 84 |
| 41. | Mount Gûnib | 85 |
| 42. | Derbent | 87 |
| 43. | Mouth of the Rion | 89 |
| 44. | Upper Ingûr Valley | 93 |
| 45. | Mingrelian Lady | 95 |
| 46. | Kutaïs and the Rion and Kvirila Junction | 97 |
| 47. | Poti | 98 |
| 48. | Batûm | 99 |
| 49. | Akhalkalaki Plateau | 101 |
| 50. | Tatar Type | 102 |
| 51. | The Kura and Araxis Confluence | 103 |
| 52. | Mouths of the Kura | 106 |
| 53. | Chief Regions of Earthquakes in Caucasia | 108 |
| 54. | Oscillations of the Baku Coast during the last 1,500 Years | 109 |
| 55. | The Apsheron Peninsula | 110 |
| 56. | Mtzkhet, Ancient Capital of Georgia | 112 |
| 57. | The Khevsur, Tûsh, and Pshav Lands | 117 |
| 58. | The Suram Pass and Mesk Mountains | 121 |
| 59. | The Kura Valley between Gori and Mtzkhet | 122 |
| 60. | Tiflis | 125 |
| 61. | Yelizavetpol and Vicinity | 126 |
| 62. | The Telav Basin | 127 |
| 63. | Baku and Cape Bail-Burni | 128 |
| 64. | Lenkoran | 129 |
| 65. | Recent Russian Conquests | 131 |
| 66. | Ararat | 132 |
| 67. | Mount Ararat | 133 |
| 68. | Ala-göz | 135 |
| 69. | Lake Gok-chai | 136 |
| 70. | The Alapolarim Lava Streams | 137 |
| 71. | Araxis and Zanga Basin | 143 |
| 72. | Armenian Woman | 144 |
| 73. | The Kars-chai Valley: Kars and Alexandrapol | 146 |
| 74. | Nakhichevan | 148 |
| 75. | Progress of Russian Conquest | 150 |
| 76. | Fever Districts in Caucasia | 151 |
| 77. | Density of the Population of the Caucasus in 1873 per Square Mile | 153 |
| 78. | Highways in Caucasia | 154 |
| 79. | Section of the Route from Vladikavkaz to Jufa | 155 |
| 80. | Shiahs and Sunnites in Eastern Caucasia | 156 |
| 81. | Baku Harbour | 157 |
| 82. | Stavropol | 159 |
| | THE ARALO-CASPIAN BASIN. | |
| 83. | Routes of Explorers in the Aralo-Caspian Basin | 163 |
| 84. | Russian Encroachments in Turkestan | 164 |
| 85. | Routes of Explorers in the Eastern Pamir | 166 |
| 86. | The Alaï and Trans-Alaï Range | 168 |
| 87. | Relief of the Highlands and Plateaux between the Hindu Kush and Tian-shan | 170 |
| 88. | The Alaï Plateau | 172 |
| 89. | The Shchurovskiy Glacier | 173 |
| 90. | Routes of Explorers in the Western Pamir | 174 |
| 91. | Relative Area of the Tian-shan, Alps, and Pyrenees | 175 |
| 92. | Relative Relief of the Tian-shan, Alps, and Pyrenees | 176 |
| 93. | Chief Crests of the Tian-shan | 177 ​ |
| 94. | Eastern Chains of the Tian-shan | 178 |
| 95. | Routes of Explorers in the Eastern Tian-shan | 180 |
| 96. | Ovis Karelini, Argali, Ovis Poli | 181 |
| 97. | The Aktogoi Defile | 183 |
| 98. | Western Chains of the Tian-shan | 186 |
| 99. | Routes of Explorers in the Western Tian-shan | 187 |
| 100. | Saûru and Tarbagatai | 190 |
| 101. | Vegetation of the Kilil-kum | 196 |
| 102. | Range of Vegetation in Turkestan | 197 |
| 103. | Petrov Glacier | 198 |
| 104. | Lower Part of the Iir-tash Glacier | 199 |
| 105. | The Sir Delta | 201 |
| 106. | Lake Victoria, or Sari-kul | 203 |
| 107. | Map in the Catalonian Atlas of 1375 | 206 |
| 108. | Valley of the Uzboi at the Aidin Wells | 207 |
| 109. | The Balkan Gulf | 208 |
| 110. | Inundation of the Oxus in 1878 | 209 |
| 111. | The Aral Sea | 210 |
| 112. | Old River Beds of the Aralo-Caspian Basin | 211 |
| 113. | Ak-tau and Mortviy-kultuk | 212 |
| 114. | Entrance to the Kara-boghaz | 213 |
| 115. | The Tuk-karagan Lakes | 214 |
| 116. | Tentiak-sor | 215 |
| 117. | Ogurchinskiy Island | 216 |
| 118. | Kulali Island | 217 |
| 119. | Turkoman Female Head-dress | 221 |
| 120. | Tekke Turkoman Oasis in the Atok | 223 |
| 121. | Area of the Turkoman Raids South of Kizil-arvat | 224 |
| 122. | A Wealthy Kirghiz | 227 |
| 123. | A Kirghiz Woman | 228 |
| 124. | Population of the Ili Basin | 232 |
| 125. | Sarte Type | 233 |
| 126. | Population of Ferghana | 234 |
| 127. | A Tajik Mollah | 235 |
| 128. | Kila-panja, on the Upper Oxus: Forts at the Foot of the Pamir | 239 |
| 129. | East Badakshan | 241 |
| 130. | Badakshan and Kunduz | 242 |
| 131. | Bamian Pass and Kunduz Route | 243 |
| 132. | Ruins of Balkh and Mazar-i sherîf | 244 |
| 133. | Saripul and Shibirkhan Valley | 246 |
| 134. | The Maimene Valley | 247 |
| 135. | Khanates of Afghan Turkestan West of the Oxus | 248 |
| 136. | Merv and Sarakhs Oases | 251 |
| 137. | Ak-tash Valley and Mountain | 254 |
| 138. | Shehr-i-sebs and Karshi | 256 |
| 139. | Bokhara: Ruins in the Interior of the City | 259 |
| 140. | Oasis of Bokhara | 260 |
| 141. | Khiva | 261 |
| 142. | A Minaret in Khiva | 262 |
| 143. | Khiva: Exterior of a Mosque | 263 |
| 144. | Krasnovodsk Bay | 264 |
| 145. | Cheleken Island and Michael Gulf | 266 |
| 146. | Hassan-kaleh Bay | 267 |
| 147. | Ashur-adeh | 268 |
| 148. | Valleys of the Atrek and Gurgen | 269 |
| 149. | Samarkand | 270 |
| 150. | Samarkand: Approach to the Citadel | 271 |
| 151. | Samarkand: The Gur-emir Tomb of Tamerlane | 272 |
| 152. | Varzaminor: Upper Zarafshan Valley | 273 |
| 153. | Oasis of the Zarafshan | 275 |
| 154. | From Kokan to Marghilan | 277 |
| 155. | Khojend: General View | 279 |
| 156. | Khojend and Neighbourhood | 280 |
| 157. | Plain of Tashkend | 281 |
| 158. | A Street in Tashkend | 282 |
| 159. | Kulja and Neighbouring Mines | 285 |
| 160. | Disputed Territory in Kulja | 286 |
| 161. | Chinese Type, Kulja | 287 |
| 162. | Projected Railway Lines in Western Asia | 289 |
| | SIBERIA. | |
| 163. | West Siberia, according to Herberstein | 293 |
| 164. | Sakhalin, according to La Pérouse | 295 |
| 165. | Gulf of Castries: La Pérouse Gate | 296 |
| 166. | Water Highways and Portages across Siberia | 298 |
| 167. | Duration of the Frost and Thaw on the Yenisei and Lena | 300 |
| 168. | Drift Ice on the Banks of the Yenisei | 301 |
| 169. | Shores of the Yenisei worn by Glacial Action | 302 |
| 170. | Banks of the Yenisei: Ice-formed Levee | 304 |
| 171. | Climate of Yakutsh | 306 |
| 172. | Northern Limit of Forest Vegetation | 309 |
| 173. | Trailing Larch 150 Years old: Quarter of the Natural Size | 310 |
| 174. | Larch Forest on the Boganida, a Tributary of the Katanga | 312 |
| 175. | Range of Animal Species in North Asia | 313 |
| 176. | The Chindagûtui, a Tributary of the Irtish, Province of Semipalatinsk | 320 |
| 177. | Lake Telezkoye | 321 |
| 178. | Zmeïnogorsk | 328 |
| 179. | Lake Zaïsan | 330 |
| 180. | The Ust-Kamenogorsk Defile | 331 |
| 181. | Lakes Chany and Sartlam in 1870 | 332 |
| 182. | Dried-up Streams in the Barnaûl District | 334 |
| 183. | Projected Canals between the Ob and Yenisei | 335 |
| 184. | Network of Streams at the Ob and Ket Junction | 335 |
| 185. | Lower Course and Mouth of the Ob | 337 |
| 186. | Lakes and Marshes in the Iset Basin | 345 |
| 187. | Yekaterinburg and Berezovskiy | 348 |
| 188. | Upper Yenisei Basin and Minusinsk Steppes | 353 |
| 189. | Rock Inscription on the Banks of the Yenisei | 361 |
| 190. | Region of the Yenisei Gold Mines | 362 |
| 191. | From Krasnoyarsk to Kansk | 363 |
| 192. | The Munku-sardik Group | 365 |
| 193. | Munku-sardik and Kamar-daban | 367 |
| 194. | The "Cup" at the Source of the Oka | 368 |
| 195. | Depths of the Western Baikal | 370 |
| 196. | The Angara below the Padunskiy Rapid | 374 |
| 197. | Rapids of the Angara | 375 |
| 198. | Populations of the Irkustsk Government | 381 ​ |
| 199. | Coast of the Taimir Peninsula | 383 |
| 200. | Old Lake traversed by the Vitim | 384 |
| 201. | Lena Delta | 386 |
| 202. | Archipelago of New Siberia | 389 |
| 203. | Routes of Anjou and Wrangell | 390 |
| 204. | Konyam Bay: the Vega at Anchor | 391 |
| 205. | Yakutsk | 397 |
| 206. | Volcanoes at Cape Povorotnoii, South of Avacha Bay | 400 |
| 207. | Bering Sea | 403 |
| 208. | Bering Strait | 404 |
| 209. | Currents of the Bering Waters | 405 |
| 210. | Avacha Bay | 415 |
| 211. | Plateaux and Highlands of East Siberia | 418 |
| 212. | Lake Khanka | 426 |
| 213. | Isthmus of Kizi | 428 |
| 214. | Mouths of the Amur | 429 |
| 215. | Bay of the Golden Horn | 430 |
| 216. | Bay of Castries | 432 |
| 217. | Harbour of Olga | 433 |
| 218. | Herbaceous Vegetation on the Islands of the Amur | 435 |
| 219. | Blagovypshchensk, on the Amur | 444 |
| 220. | Nikolayevsk | 445 |
| 221. | America Bay | 446 |
| 222. | The Possiet Inlets | 447 |
| 223. | La Pérouse Strait | 449 |
| 224. | Sakhalin: Cape La Jonquière | 450 |
| 225. | Mamia Rinzo Strait | 451 |
| 226. | Sakhalin | 453 |
| 227. | Aino Girl | 454 |
| 228. | Sakhalin: the Dui Valley | 456 |
| 229. | Port of Muraviov | 457 |
| 230. | Density of the Siberian Population | 460 |
| 231. | Produce of East Siberian Sable-hunting from 1850 to 1855 | 466 |
| 232. | Gold-washings in the Amur Basin | 468 |
| 233. | Vladivostok and the Eastern Bosporus | 473 |