OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Thermæ Basilicæ

From volume 14 of the work.
A titular see in Cappadocia Prima, suffragan of Caesarea. The Greek "Notitiae episcopatuum" down to the thirteenth century describe the see as the first suffragan of Caesarea. Perhaps there was a bishop from the time of St. Basil; in any case four others are mentioned: Firminius, present at the Council of Chalcedon, 451; Photinus, at the Council of Constantinople, under the patriarch Gennadius (459); Musonius, exiled by Justin I, about 518; Theodore, present at the Sixth Oecumenical Council of Constantinople, 681, and at the Council in Trullo, 692 (LeQuien, "Oriens christ.", I, 389). This see is evidently the city which Hierocles (Synecdemus, 699, 2) names Therma, and which he places in Cappadocia Prima under the Caesarean metropolis. It may quite probably be identified with Aquae Sarvenae, which the "Tabula" of Peutinger places on the road between Tavium and Caesarea, the same, doubtless, as Sarvena, a city described on an inscription and by Ptolemy (V, 6, 12). This would be today Terzili Hammam, a village about twenty hours north of Caesarea, a vilayet of Angora, where there are hot mineral sulfur waters, still frequented. A part of the building containing the baths is of Roman construction; a Christian inscription has been found thereon. Therma, which the "Itinerarium Antonini", 204, places also on the road from Tavium to Caesarea, must be Iamush Pisheren Sou, a mineral spring to the north of Kir Shehir.
RAMSAY in Bulletin de correspondance hellenique, VII (Paris, 1883), 302 sq.; IDEM, Asia Minor (London, 1890), passim; MULLER, ed. DIDOT, Notes on Ptolemy, I, 854, 876.
S. Pétridès.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Thermopylæ

From volume 14 of the work.
A titular see and suffragan of Athens in Achaia Prima. It is the name of a defile about 4 miles long, whose principal passage was barred by a wall, which the Phocidians erected against the Thessalians in the sixth century B.C. It receives its name from two hot springs called today Loutra (the baths). There in the month of July, 480 B.C., Leonidas, King of Sparta, with 1300 Spartan soldiers and allies fell with his men while bravely opposing the enormous army of Xerxes. In 279 B.C. Brennus with 170,000 Gauls penetrated into Greece by this pass; it was there also that Antiochus III, King of Syria, was defeated by the Romans in 191 B.C., and where in A.D. 395 Alaric, King of the Goths, passed on his way to devastate Greece. In the sixth century Justinian restored the fortifications (Procopius, "De aedificiis", IV, 2). After the Latins in 1204 had overthrown the Byzantine Empire, Thermopylae was made a Latin diocese. Many letters from Innocent III, written in 1208 and 1210 to Bishop Arnulfus, are extant. The other bishops from the thirteenth to the sixteenth century are mentioned by LeQuien ("Oriens christianus", III, 847-850; Gams, "Series episcoporum", 431; Eubel, "Hierarchia catholica medii aevi", I, 509; II, 275; III, 332); but many of them were only titulars. The see is referred to shortly after in "Liber censuum" of the Roman Church (ed. Fabre), II, 8; it was never a Greek diocese. Today it is known as Lycostomos on the bank of the Maliac Gulf in the district of Phoiotis. The passage is less difficult than formerly because the alluvium deposited by the Sperchios has caused the sea to recede and has facilitated a road between the waters and the mountain.
SMITH, Dict. of Greek and Roman Geog., s.v.
S. VAILHÉ
# The New International Encyclopædia/Lady Bab

Edition of 1905. See also James Townley on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​LADY BAB. In Townley's High Life Below Stairs, Kitty, a waiting maid, who takes the name and manners of her mistress and is addressed by the other servants as ‘Your Ladyship.’
# The New International Encyclopædia/Lady Day

Edition of 1905. See also Lady Day on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​LADY DAY. In England, the feast of the Annunciation of the Virgin Mary. It occurs on the 25th of March, and has by custom become one of the regular quarter-days on which rent is generally made payable.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Lady of England

Edition of 1905. See also Empress Matilda on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​LADY OF ENGLAND. A name given to Matilda, daughter of Henry I. and mother of Henry II.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Lady of Lyons, The

Edition of 1905. See also The Lady of Lyons on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​LADY OF LYONS, The. A play by Bulwer-Lytton (1838). The play was originally called The Adventurer, and was suggested by a story called The Bellows-Mender.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Lady of Mercy, Order of Our

Edition of 1905. See also Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​LADY OF MERCY, Order of Our. A Spanish Order founded in 1218, by James I. of Aragon, in fulfillment of a vow made to the Virgin during his captivity in France. In 1230 Gregory IX. approved the Order, and in 1235 imposed the Augustinian rule. The Order was instituted to redeem Christian captives from among the Moors; each knight at his inauguration vowing that, if necessary for their ransom, he would remain himself a captive in their stead. In 1308 dissensions arose in the Order, and later a part of the knights joined the Order of Montesa, the others adopting the Benedictine rule. On the expulsion of the Moors from Spain, the labors of the knights were transferred to Africa. Their badge is a shield party per fess gules and or, in chief a cross pattée argent, in base four pallets gules for Aragon, the shield crowned with a ducal coronet. The Order was extended to women in 1261. The branch Order instituted in France was suppressed at the time of the Revolution.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Lady-fern

Edition of 1905. See also Athyrium filix-femina on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​LADY-FERN (Asplenium filix-fœmina). A beautiful fern common in moist woods in Europe and North America, with bipinnate fronds sometimes two feet long. The whole plant has an extremely graceful appearance. It is said to possess the same anthelmintic properties as the male fern (Aspidium-filix-mas or Dryopteris filix-mas).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Lady-fish

Edition of 1905. See also Bonefish on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​LADY-FISH. A shapely and very beautiful fish (Albula vulpes), representing alone the family Albulidæ, allied to the tarpons and mooneyes, and found in all tropical seas. It is one and one-half to three feet long, and is brilliantly silvery, faintly streaked, and becoming olivaceous along the back. In Bermuda and the West Indies it is called ‘bone-fish’ or ‘banana-fish,’ and sold for food, although not very good. Gilbert says that the young pass through a metamorphosis analogous to that of conger eels. For a period they are elongate, band-shaped, and have very small heads and loose, transparent tissues. Afterwards they gradually become shorter and more compact. This fish is very common in the Gulf of California.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Lady Chapel

Edition of 1905. See also Lady chapel on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​LADY CHAPEL. A chapel dedicated to the Virgin Mary (‘Our Lady’). It was nearly always an elongation of the choir, and was usually the east end of the church, directly behind the high altar, or at the end of the aisles of the choir. It was often the most decorated part of the church in sculpture, and during the Gothic period in beautiful glasses. Its use was most extensive in England, where nearly all the cathedrals and great abbey churches had lady chapels. A good example is Henry VII.'s chapel at Westminster, the lady chapel of that cathedral.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Lady-crab

Edition of 1905. See also Callinectes sapidus on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​LADY-CRAB. A local name of the large edible crab (Callinectes hastatus) of the American Atlantic coast, due to the dim outline on its back of a woman's head and shoulders. As other crabs (notably Plationychus ocellatus) are similarly marked, they have also received the same name. See Crab.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Lady Bountiful

Edition of 1905. See also The Beaux' Stratagem on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​LADY BOUNTIFUL. In Farquhar's Beaux’ Stratagem, an old gentlewoman with benevolent instincts, who devotes herself to the curing of maladies. The name is used, sometimes with the added idea of condescension, to denote a woman who dispenses relief or favors in a community.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Johnson, Andrew

See also Andrew Johnson on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
John′son, Andrew, the seventeenth president, was born at Raleigh, N. C., Dec. 29, 1808. When Andrew was four, his father was drowned. He left his family no property, so that Andrew very early was apprenticed to a tailor, whom he served for seven years, without any previous schooling. In 1825, with his mother, he emigrated to Tennessee, where he settled at Greenville. Here he worked at his trade about a year and then married. His wife was better educated than Johnson, and became his teacher in writing and arithmetic. At this time he could read, but his knowledge went no farther. Johnson naturally was a political leader. In 1830, when the town became a city, he was elected mayor, an office he held for three years. In 1835 he was chosen member of the legislature, and in 1841 member of the senate. In 1843 he was elected to congress, where for ten years he worked for the Democratic party. He was twice chosen governor of Tennessee, and in 1857 was made United States senator. Here he opposed all disunion schemes, and during the Civil War was the leader of the southern union men. In 1862 he was appointed war governor of Tennessee. In this position he gave such satisfaction that the Republican party nominated him for vice-president, and he was elected with Lincoln in 1864. On April 14, 1865, by the assassination of President Lincoln, Johnson became president. His administration is memorable because of the contest between him and Congress, though both were elected by the Republican party. Johnson’s policy toward the south was held to be too lenient by Congress, which passed what are known as the reconstruction measures over his veto. There was a great deal of ill-feeling; the president was accused of being disloyal; and his removal of Secretary Stanton from the department of war brought on the crisis. Charged with violation of the tenure-of-office act, the president was impeached, but was acquitted. Mr. Johnson was chosen a United States senator in 1875, but died in Tennessee on July 31. See his Life by Savage.
# The New Student's Reference Work/John, Eugenie

See also E. Marlitt on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
John, Eugènie. See Marlitt, E.
# The New Student's Reference Work/John, Saint

See also John the Apostle on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
John, Saint, the apostle and evangelist, was the son of Zebedee, a fisherman of Galilee. He was born at Bethsaida, and, until called by Jesus to be a disciple, followed his father’s occupation. The events of his life from this time to the ascension of Christ are to be learned from the Gospels. Besides Revelation he is held to be the author of the Gospel and the three Epistles which bear his name.
# The New Student's Reference Work/John II

See also John II of Portugal on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
John II, João the Perfect, king of Portugal, was born at Lisbon in 1455. At 26 he succeeded his father, Alphonso V, and was crowned on Aug. 29, 1481. His reign is historically important, because of the voyages of discovery sent out by him under Diaz, who discovered the Cape of Good Hope, and Da Gama, who visited India. Other navigators explored the African coasts. He died in 1495.
# The New Student's Reference Work/John III (Sobieski)

See also John III Sobieski on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
John III (So′bieski) of Poland and one of the greatest warriors of the 17th century, was born in 1624, and received the most careful education and training. When the Poles were defeated by the Russians in the battle of Pilawiecz, the Sobieskis took up arms to restore their country. Mark fell on the banks of the Bog; John so distinguished himself by his valor that he became the hero of his countrymen. He defeated the Turks in the great battle of Kotzim, in which they lost 28,000 men. On May 21, 1674, Sobieski was elected king of Poland, and was crowned at Cracow with his wife. When the Turks besieged Vienna in 1683, John hastened thither with 20,000 Poles, and, with the German allies, gained a great victory on Sept. 12. He died of apoplexy on June 17, 1696. Sobieski was not a statesman and warrior only but a lover of science and a man of gentle disposition and pleasant manner.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Johns Hopkins University

See also Johns Hopkins University on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Johns Hop′kins University at Baltimore, Md., was founded, by Johns Hopkins (q. v.), a wealthy citizen of the Maryland town. In viewing the institution, Johns Hopkins Hospital, with its world-famed medical school, must be included, for the separate organizations founded by Johns Hopkins are under the same general management. For founding the hospital and university, Johns Hopkins gave the sum of $7,000,000. The university was incorporated in 1867 and opened in 1876; the hospital was opened in 1889; and students were received at the medical school in 1893. Johns Hopkins University is preeminently a graduate-school, providing facilities for advanced work in philosophical and scientific studies. For its advanced work it ranks with the leading universities of Europe. There, however, is maintained an adequate undergraduate department. The professors and instructors number 200 and the students 800. In 1902 the university was presented with a magnificent park lying on the outskirts of the city which is to become the future home of all the departments but that of medicine, which is established in connection with the extensive hospital-buildings on Broadway.
# The New Student's Reference Work/John of Austria

See also John of Austria on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
John of Austria was the illegitimate son of Emperor Charles V and Barbara Blomberg, and was born at Regensburg, Germany, on Feb. 24, 1547. He was brought to Spain while a boy, and after the death of his father he was taken in charge by his half-brother, Philip II. In 1570 he was given the command of an army sent against the rebellious Moors in Granada. On Oct. 7, 1571, he gained a great victory over the Turks in the famous naval battle of Lepanto. He was made viceroy of the Netherlands by his brother in 1576. By the great battle of Gemblours, in 1577, won against William the Silent, he gained new honors. Philip, fearing that he might make himself king, became jealous of his growing fame and influence. John soon after died in camp, perhaps of poison, on Oct. 1, 1578. See Don John of Austria by Sir W. Stirling-Maxwell.
# The New Student's Reference Work/John I

See also John I of Portugal on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
John I, João the Great, king of Portugal, was the son of Peter I, and was born at Lisbon in 1357. At the death of his brother in 1385 he became regent, and seized the throne from the rightful heir. A war followed with Spain, in which John was victor. Fn 1415 he took Ceuta from the Moors. His reign was one of prosperity to Portugal. He died in 1433.
# The New Student's Reference Work/John II (of Poland)

See also John II Casimir of Poland on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
John II of Poland was the younger son of Sigismund III. Haying embarked for Spain, to persuade Philip III to form a league against France, he was shipwrecked and imprisoned for two years at Vincennes. Being released on a promise by his brother, the king of Portugal, never to war against the king of France, he went to western Europe, became a Jesuit priest, and was made a cardinal by Innocent X. Returning to Poland, he became king after his stepbrother Ladislaus in 1648. During his reign Poland was attacked by Russia and Sweden, the war ending victoriously for Poland and several provinces being added to her territory. John surrendered the crown in 1668, and retired to France, where he died on Dec. 16, 1672.
# The New Student's Reference Work/John of Gaunt

See also John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
John of Gaunt (Ghent), was the fourth son of Edward III, who made him duke of Lancaster. He was born in March, 1340, at Ghent. In the French wars he served with great bravery under Edward the Black Prince. In 1370 he married Constance, daughter of Peter the Cruel, king of Castile. On Peter’s death John claimed the kingdom in the name of his wife, but the military expedition to obtain Castile proved unsuccessful. Toward the end of his father’s reign he became the chief man in the kingdom, and perhaps wished to succeed him; at any rate, the young king, Richard II, distrusted him and sent him on another wild expedition after his Castilian kingdom. This resulted in a treaty between John and Henry of Trastamara, who had possession of the throne, by which John’s daughter should succeed as queen of Castile. On the death of his second wife he married Catharine Swynford by whom he had three sons and a daughter. From the oldest child was descended Henry VII. John died at London on Feb. 3, 1399.
# The Lives and Characters of the English Dramatick Poets/George Peel

George Peel.
THis Author was Master of Arts in Christ-Church-College, Oxon, in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, writ two Plays.
David and Bethshabe, their Love, with the Tragedy of Absalom, 4 to. 1599. This Play, as the Title says, was divers times play’d on the Stage. Plot from Holy Scripture.
Edward the first, a History 4 to. 1593. This King was sirnamed Long-Shanks, and the Play gives an Account of his return from the Holy Land, with the Life of Kewellin, Rebel in Wales; it also relates the Story of Queen Eleanor’s sinking by Chairing-Cross, and rising again at Queen-Hithe, before called Potters-Hithe. See Grafton, Martin, Hollingshead, Stow, and other English Chronicles.
The Tragedy of Alphonsus, Emperor of Germany, by mistake, plac’d to him, in some Catalogues, is not his, but Chapman’s.
# The Lives and Characters of the English Dramatick Poets/George Powell

George Powell.
Son of Mr. Powell, an ancient Player, lately dead; he is more eminent for playing than writing, tho’ there are some Plays under his Name; as,
Alphonso King of Naples, a Tragedy, 4 to. 1691. Acted at the Theatre Royal, by their Majesties Servants, and dedicated to her Grace the Dutchess of Ormond. The Prologue is written by Jo. Haynes, and Epilogue by Mr. Durfey.
Brutus of Alba; or, Augustus’s Triumph, a new Opera, acted at the Theatre in Dorset Garden, by his Majesty’s Servants, 1690, 4 to. and dedicated by Sam. Briscoe, Bookseller to George Powel, and John Verbruggen. This Play has not so much as the whole Title new, for Brutus of Alba is a Play of Mr. Tate’s, and all the Design taken out of several old Plays.
The treacherous Brother, a Tragedy, 4 to. 1690. acted by their Majesties Servants, at the Theatre Royal, and dedicated to the Patentees and Sharers of their Majesties Theatre. Plot from The Wall-Flower, a Romance, fol. writ by Dr. Baily, formerly President of St. John’s, Oxon.
A very good Wife, a Comedy, 4 to. 1695. acted by their Majesties Servants, at the Theatre Royal; and dedicated to the honoured Alexander Popham, Esq; The Prologue is writ by Mr. Congreve. This Play is taken whole Pages together out of Brome.
# The Lives and Characters of the English Dramatick Poets/Francis Gouldsmith

Francis Gouldsmith, Esq;
I can only say, this Author liv'd in Charles the First's time, and writ a Play, called,
Sophompaneos, or the History of Joseph, a Tragedy, 4to. 1640. with Annotations, this Divine Dramma was writ in Latin by ​Hugo Grotius, translated by our Author in Heroick Verse. For the Plot, see the 44th, and 45th Chapter of Genesis, Philo, in the Life of Josephus, Justin, Book 36. Eusebius's Preparation to the Gospel, &c.
# The Lives and Characters of the English Dramatick Poets/Fulk Grevile, Lord Brook

Fulk Grevile, Lord Brook.
THis Right Honourable Author was Son to Sir Fulk Grevile the Elder of Beauchamp-Court in Warwick-shire; he left Cambridge in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth; was made a Baron in the Seventeenth Year of King James the First; and was famous for Valour and Learning: among other Poems he gave us two Plays: He lies buried in Warwick-Church under a Black and White Marble, on which he's stil'd Servant to Queen Elizabeth, Counsellor to King James, and Friend to Sir Philip Sidney. See more of him in Fuller's History.
Alaham, a Tragedy, fol. 1633. This Play is built on the Model of the Ancients; the Prologue is spoken by a Ghost, and the Spectre gives an Account of each Character. The Scene of the Drama lies at the Entrance of the Persian Gulph, of which Place you may read in Mr. Herbert's Travels, fol. the Third Edition, p. 114.
Mustapha, a Tragedy, 4to. 1609. fol. 1633. This Play seems also an Imitation of the Ancients, and for the Plot consult Paulus Jovius, and other Turkish Chronicles.
These Two Plays are printed together with other Poems of his Lordships, in fol. 1633. The Life of Sir Philip Sidney before his Arcadia, is said to be written by this our Author; as also another Volume of Poems and Remains, 8vo. not printed till the Year 1670.
# The Lives and Characters of the English Dramatick Poets/George Cartwright

George Cartwright.
Of this Gentleman I can only say, that he liv'd at Fulham, and that he has writ a Play called,
Heroick Love; or, The Infanta of Spain, a Tragedy, dedicated to King Charles II. and Printed, London, 1661. 8vo.
# The Lives and Characters of the English Dramatick Poets/George Gascoign

G
George Gascoign, Esq.
An ancient Poet who writ in the beginning of Queen Elizabeth's Reign, he was of Grays-Inn, and has left us four Dramatick pieces, of which in their order.
The Glass of Government; a Tragi-Comedy, 4to. 1575. This Play was also printed in an old black Letter, like that of Fulwell's, and shews the Punishments for Vice, and the Rewards for Virtue.
Jocasta; a Tragedy, 4to. 1556. Translated from the Greek of Euripides by this Author, and one Mr. Kinwelmersh of Grays-Inn, where it was presented.
Supposes; a Comedy, 4to. 1566. presented also at Grays-Inn, Enlished from the famous Italian Oriosto. This and the former, are two of the Antients Plays in our English Tongue.
Pleasure at Kenelworth-Castle; a Masque, but what year when Printed I cannot tell. This Play was play'd before the Queen for her Entertainment there.
The Author has Publish'd divers Poems with his Plays, printed 4to. 1587.
# The Lives and Characters of the English Dramatick Poets/Francis Quarles

Q
Francis Quarles.
He was born at Stewards, a Seat in Rumford, in the Parish of Horn-Church, Essex, his Father was James Quarles, Esq; Clerk of the Green Cloth, and Purveyor to Quen Elizabeth. He studied first at Christ-Church, Cambridge, then at Lincolns-Inn; was Cup-bearer to the Queen of Bohemia, Secretary to Bishop Usher, and Cronologer to the City of London. He suffered Persecution by the Government then in being, for a Book called, The Loyal Convert. The Troubles of Ireland brought him to die at Home, in the Two and Fiftieth Year of his Age, Sept. 8. 1644. He had Eighteen Children by one Wife, and lies buried in St. Foster’s Church, London. He writ one Play, called,
The Virgin Widow, a Comedy, 4 to. 1649.
He writ divers other Pieces, as a Book of Emblems, which has born many Editions; a Book of Poems, wherein is the History of Sampson, Jonah, Esther, and Job Militant; Argalus and Parthenia; Enchiridion of Meditations, Divine and Moral; Pentalogia, or, The Quintessence of Meditation; The Loyal Convert, with some others.