OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Age of Reason/Part I/Chapter XV

It is an idea I have never lost sight of, that all our knowledge of science is derived from the revolutions (exhibited to our eye and from thence to our understanding) which those several planets or worlds of which our system is composed make in their circuit round the Sun.
Had then the quantity of matter which these six worlds contain been blended into one solitary globe, the consequence to us would have been, that either no revolutionary motion would have existed, or not a sufficiency of it to give us the ideas and the knowledge of science we now have; and it is from the sciences that all the mechanical arts that contribute so much to our earthly felicity and comfort are derived.
As therefore the Creator made nothing in vain, so also must it be believed that he organized the structure of the universe in the most advantageous manner for the benefit of man; and as we see, and from experience feel, the benefits we derive from the structure of the universe, formed as it is, which benefits we should not have had the opportunity of enjoying if the structure, so far as relates to our system, had been a solitary globe, we can discover at least one reason why a plurality of worlds has been made, and that reason calls forth the devotional gratitude of man, as well as his admiration.
But it is not to us, the inhabitants of this globe, only, that the benefits arising from a plurality of worlds are limited. The inhabitants of each of the worlds of which our system is composed, enjoy the same opportunities of knowledge as we do. They behold the revolutionary motions of our earth, as we behold theirs. All the planets revolve in sight of each other; and, therefore, the same universal school of science presents itself to all.
Neither does the knowledge stop here. The system of worlds next to us exhibits, in its revolutions, the same principles and school of science, to the inhabitants of their system, as our system does to us, and in like manner throughout the immensity of space.
Our ideas, not only of the almightiness of the Creator, but of his wisdom and his beneficence, become enlarged in proportion as we contemplate the extent and the structure of the universe. The solitary idea of a solitary world, rolling or at rest in the immense ocean of space, gives place to the cheerful idea of a society of worlds, so happily contrived as to administer, even by their motion, instruction to man. We see our own earth filled with abundance; but we forget to consider how much of that abundance is owing to the scientific knowledge the vast machinery of the universe has unfolded.
# The Age of Reason/Part II

* Preface
* Chapter I - The Old Testament
* Chapter II - The New Testament
* Chapter III - Conclusion
# The Annual Register/1758/Extraordinary Adventures

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Extraordinary Adventures.
Perhaps the human mind can have no entertainment at once more congenial and more useful to it, then such stories as compose the following article; stories of extraordinary distresses, and wonderful deliverances. In the former part our humanity is cultivated; in the latter is inspired a spirited hope and a trust in Providence, which may enable us to act with resolution in the trying emergencies of life. They have the effect which Aristotle attributes to good tragedy, in correcting the passions by terror and pity. They give us striking examples of the resources in which ingenious distress is fruitful; and instances as remarkable of magnanimity and virtue, sometimes even in rude minds, and where it might least be expected. For these reasons we have not confined ourselves wholly to the publications of the last year, for narratives of that kind, but have collected from those of the preceding, such as we thought most memorable.
# The Annual Register/1758

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# THE ANNUAL REGISTER, or a VIEW of the HISTORY, POLITICS, AND LITERATURE, For the YEAR 1758.

THE EIGHTH EDITION.
LONDON: Printed for J. Dodsley, In Pall-Mall, 1791.

## THE CONTENTS.

THE END.
# The Annual Register

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# The Annotated The Tales of John Oliver Hobbes/The Sinner's Comedy/Epigraph

ANY AUTHOR TO ANY READER.
Reader. But where are the Unities?
Author. In life there are no Unities, but three Incomprehensibles: Destiny, Man, and Woman.

## Notes

* ↑ The classical unities, Aristotelian unities or three unities are rules for drama derived from a passage in Aristotle's Poetics.
# The Annual Register/1758/History of the Present War

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THE
HISTORY
OF THE
PRESENT WAR.
# The Annual Register/1758/Literary and Miscellaneous Essays

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# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Adams, Charles W.

​ADAMS, Charles W., soldier, was born in Boston, Mass., Aug. 16, 1817. He removed to New Albany, Ind., with his parents in 1819; was educated in the public schools and removed to Helena, Arkansas Ty., in 1835, becoming a bank-cashier. He fitted himself for the law; was admitted to the bar in 1839; practised for some time with W. K. Sebastian, afterwards U.S. senator, and was judge of the 1st circuit court of the territory, 1852-4. He was a member of the peace convention at Washington, D.C., in February, 1861, and also of the constitutional convention in March, 1861, which met to decide upon the relation of Arkansas to the Union, and subsequently adopted the ordinance of secession. He entered the Confederate army as quartermaster with the rank of major on the staff of Gen. Thomas H. Bradley and after organizing the department over which he presided, resigned and recruited the 23d Arkansas infantry, becoming its colonel. He joined the army of the Tennessee at Corinth, Miss., and subsequently became chief of staff to General Hindman in the trans-Mississippi department, being transferred with him to the army of the Tennessee. He was commissioned a brigadier-general in the Confederate army for gallantry at Missionary Ridge, and was then assigned to the northern subdivision of the trans-Mississippi department where he served until the surrender of Lee. He removed to Memphis, Tenn., in 1865, practised law there in partnership with Gen. Albert Pike until 1869, and thereafter alone. He died in Memphis, Tenn., Sept. 9, 1878.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Adams, Elmer Bragg

​ADAMS, Elmer Bragg, jurist, was born in Pomfret, Vt., Oct. 27, 1842, a lineal descendant of Henry Adams of Braintree, Mass. He was graduated at Yale in 1865; organized a system of free schools in Atlanta and Milledgeville. Ga., under the direction of the American Union commission in 1865, and studied law at Harvard. He was admitted to the Vermont bar in 1868: engaged in practice in St. Louis, Mo., and was married in 1870 to Emma Richmond of Woodstock, Vt. He was judge of the circuit court in St. Louis, 1878-84; declined a second term and resumed practice as a member of the firm of Boyle, Adams and McKeighan, which subsequently became Boyle and Adams. He became U.S. judge of the Eastern district of Missouri in 1896, and was a lecturer in the University of Missouri, where he received the degree LL.D.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Adams, Henry

​ADAMS, Henry, historian, was born in Boston, Mass., Feb. 16, 1838, third son of Charles Francis and Abigail Brooks Adams. In 1858 he received his diploma from Harvard college, and in 1861 was appointed private secretary to his father, who was then United States minister to England. In 1870 he returned to Massachusetts and became instructor in history at Harvard university. As an educator he was eminently successful and led his pupils into original paths of research that presented charming fields of investigation. He held the chair of history for seven years. In connection with his brother, Charles Francis, he published in 1871 "Chapters on Erie and other Essays," and made in collaboration with him biographical and historical researches, the results of which largely enriched the historical annals of Massachusetts. In 1876 he published "Essays in Anglo-Saxon Law." The next year he published "Documents relating to New England Federalism (1800-1815)." In 1879 appeared "Writings of Albert Gallatin," which he edited, and his "John Randolph" was published in Boston in 1882. He was editor of the North American Review in 1870. He went to Europe in 1887, residing in London for several years. In 1888 he returned to Washington where he wrote his popular "History of Jefferson's Administrations" (5 vols., 1889-91), and the "History of the United States" (9 vols.) He became a frequent contributor to current literature on historical topics through the periodicals, and some of these have been published in pamphlet form. Among these are: "Civil Service Reform" (1891), "The Tendency of History," in American Historical Association collections (1895), ​"Jefferson and his Inauguration, in "Old South Leaflets," and in collaboration with Francis Amasa Walker, "The Legal Tender Act." He received the degree LL.D., from Western Reserve university in 1892.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Adams, George Everett

​ADAMS, George Everett, representative, was born at Keene, N.H., in June, 1840; son of Benjamin F. and Louisa (Redington) Adams; grandson of Benjamin Adams, and a descendant of William Adams of Ipswich, Mass. He removed with his parents to Chicago, Ill., in 1853; was graduated from Harvard A.B., 1860; LL.B., 1865; was admitted to the bar in 1865, and established himself in Chicago, Ill., in the practice of his profession in 1867. He was a member of the Illinois state senate in 1881-83, resigning in 1883. He was a representative from Illinois in the 48th, 49th, 50th and 51st congresses, serving, 1883-91. On retiring from public life he continued to practise law in Chicago.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Adams, Hannah

​ADAMS, Hannah, author, was born at Medfield, Mass., in 1755. Her father was a man of literary taste, who taught her Greek and Latin, as well as higher English. These advantages gave her an education above that of the average woman of her time, and thrown upon her own resources she supported herself and several younger brothers and sisters after her seventeenth year. During the revolutionary war she gained a livelihood by teaching and making lace; she then took up authorship, and she is said to have been the first woman in America to have made literature a profession. "A view of Religious Opinions" was her first and most popular attempt at authorship, and was reprinted in England. Later she wrote a "History of the Jews," the "Evidences of Christianity," "History of New England," "Controversy with Dr. Morse," and "Letters on the Gospels." She was remarkable for beauty of character, and was greatly respected for her learning. Her body was the first to be buried in Mount Auburn cemetery. Her biography has been written by Hannah E. Lee. She died in Brookline, Mass., Dec. 15, 1831.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Adams, Henry A.

​ADAMS, Henry A., naval officer, was born in Pittsburg, Pa., June 6, 1833, son of Henry A. Adams. He received a high school education, and when sixteen years old was admitted to the U.S. naval academy, Annapolis, where he was graduated midshipman in 1851, and assigned to the U.S. steam frigate, Susquehanna, of the East India squadron. Upon his return in 1852, he served on board the U.S. sloop Jamestown of the Brazilian squadron, and in 1854 was promoted passed midshipman. The following year he was made master, and, with the U.S. sloop Levant, sailed for the East Indies, where, in 1856, he was engaged in the attack on the Barrier forts at the mouth of the Canton river, China. In 1856 he received his promotion as lieutenant. In 1859 he was on board the U.S. sloop Brooklyn of the home squadron, and in 1861 went with Farragut's fleet to make up the western gulf blockading squadron. He followed the fortunes of the squadron during the first years of the war at Forts Jackson and St. Philip, Chalmette batteries, the capture of New Orleans, Vicksburg and on blockade service. He was commissioned lieutenant commander in 1862, and transferred to the North Atlantic blockading squadron, where he served, 1864-'65. He was in both attacks on Fort Fisher. In his official dispatch of Jan. 28, 1865, Admiral Porter said of him: "I recommend the promotion of Lieutenant-commander Henry A. Adams without whose aid we should have been brought to a standstill more than once. He volunteered for anything and everything." He was with the army when it occupied Richmond, Va., and was one of President Lincoln's escorts when he entered the Confederate capital. He was promoted commander in 1866 and captain in 1870. He was ordered to the ship Guard of the European squadron, 1868-'69; was afterward assigned to duty at the navy yard in Philadelphia, Pa., and then the South Atlantic squadron. He died in Montevideo, Uruguay, Feb. 1, 1878.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Adams, Henry Carter

​ADAMS, Henry Carter, educator, was born in Davenport, Iowa, Dec. 31, 1851, son of Ephraim and Elizabeth S.A. (Douglas) Adams, and grandson of Ephraim Adams, of New Ipswich, N.H. He was graduated at Iowa college in 1874. He was superintendent of schools at Nassau, Iowa, 1874-'75; fellow of political economy, Johns Hopkins university, 1876-'89; student at Heidelberg, Berlin, and at the École Libre des Sciences Politiques, Paris, 1878-'79; student at Andover theological seminary, 1878; lecturer at Cornell, 1880-'83, and associate professor of political science there, 1883-'87; lecturer on political science at the University of Michigan, 1880-'87, and professor of political economy and finance there from 1887. He received the degree Ph.D., from Johns Hopkins in 1878; and the honorary degree LL.D. from Iowa college in 1898; was appointed statistician of the Interstate commerce commission in 1887; and had charge of the department of transportation of the eleventh U.S. census, 1890. He was elected a member of the International statistical institute; was president of the American economic association, 1895-'97; vice-president of the American statistical association; secretary of the Michigan political science association; and served as associate editor of the International Journal of Ethics. He published "History of Taxation in the United States 1789 to 1816" (1884); "Public Debts" (1887); "The State in Relation to Industrial Action" (1887); "Lectures on Political Economy" (1881); "Statistics of Railways in the United States" (6 vols., 1888-1898); "Economics and Jurisprudence" (1897); "The Science of Finance" (1888).
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Adams, Charles Kendall

​ADAMS, Charles Kendall, educator, was born at Derby, Vt., Jan. 24, 1835. He attended the common schools in that place till 1855, when, with his parents, he emigrated to Denmark, Iowa, where he entered an academy and commenced the study of Latin and Greek with the purpose of entering college. In the summer of 1857 he began the classical course at the University of Michigan, and was graduated in 1861. Taking a post-graduate course of study, he was employed to teach one of the classes in history, and at the end of the year was appointed instructor of ​history and Latin. In 1863 he became assistant professor of history and Latin, a position which he held till 1867, when, on the resignation of Andrew D. White, he was appointed to the chair of history. This appointment he accepted on the condition of a year's leave of absence for study in Europe. The year was spent in Germany at the universities of Bonn, Heidelberg, Leipsic, Berlin, and Munich, where his object was to observe the methods of advanced instruction. About four months were passed in Italy and France, chiefly in Rome and Paris. In 1881 he was simultaneously invited to the presidency of the University of Kansas and the University of Nebraska, both of which positions were declined. He accepted the non-resident professorship of history in Cornell university in 1881, where annually he gave a course of fifteen lectures till 1885, when he succeeded Andrew D. White in the presidency. In 1869 he founded the historical seminary of the university of Michigan, and introduced the seminary method of instruction in that institution. When the school of political science was established in the university he was made dean. He resigned his professorship in May, 1892, and in July of the same year was elected president of the university of Wisconsin. In 1871 he published "Democracy and Monarchy in France," which at once passed to a second edition, and was published in a German translation in Stuttgart. In 1882 appeared his "Manual of Historical Literature," of which the third edition, much enlarged, was published in 1889. In 1884 he edited "Representative British Orations," and in 1892 "Christopher Columbus." He was editor-in-chief of the revised edition of "Johnson's Cyclopædia," which was completed in 1895. He contributed to the Forum, the North American Review and other reviews in the United States, and to the Contemporary Review in England. He received the honorary degree of LL.D. from the University of Chicago in 1874, and from Harvard in 1886. He resigned the presidency of the University of Wisconsin, Oct. 11, 1901, and spent the winter in Redlands, Cal., where he died July 26, 1902.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Adams, George M.

​ADAMS, George M., representative, was born in Barboursville, Knox county, Ky., Dec. 20, 1837. He was educated at Centre college, but did not graduate. He was admitted to the bar and was clerk of the circuit court of Knox county, 1859-'61. At the outbreak of the civil war he enlisted in the Union army, serving as captain. After a few months' service in the field, he was appointed additional paymaster of volunteers, serving, 1861-'65. He was a representative in the 40th, 41st, 42d and 43d congresses, 1867-'75, and was elected clerk of the house of representatives Dec. 6, 1875.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Adams, Franklin George

​ADAMS, Franklin George, historian, was born at Rodman, Jefferson county, N.Y., May 13, 1824. His father was a farmer, and he had only the limited educational advantages of farmers' sons of the period—the district school for less than half the year. But he made the most of his scanty opportunities, and by the time he was nineteen had fitted himself for teaching the English branches in a somewhat advanced school at Cincinnati. This he did until he was twenty-four years of ​age, attending meanwhile law and medical lectures, and at the end of three years graduated from the law department of Cincinnati college. He engaged in the practice of the law in Kansas, to which state he emigrated in 1855, settling first at Ashland where he remained for a few months, when he removed to Leavenworth, and the following year again changed his residence to Atchison, where he lived for several years, acting as probate judge of Atchison county in 1858-'59. In 1858 he was a member of the Leavenworth state constitutional committee; 1863, clerk of the United States district court, Topeka; 1865-69, United States Indian agent for the Kickapoos at Kennekuk. He edited the Atchison Squatter Sovereign 1857; State Record and Kansas Farmer, 1863; Atchison Free Press, 1864-'68, and the Waterville Telegraph, 1871-72. He was secretary of the Kansas state historical society, 1875-'99, and published "The Lives of the Presidents" and the "Homestead Guide" (1873). He died at Topeka, Kan., Dec. 2, 1899.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Bailey, Jacob Whitman

​BAILEY, Jacob Whitman, naturalist, was born at Auburn, Mass., April 29, 1811. His early education was attained at Providence, R. I., and he received a cadetship to West Point where he was graduated in 1832. He was assigned to active duty in the army as 2d lieutenant in the artillery service, where for six years he served in the forts of Virginia and South Carolina. In 1834 he returned to West Point as assistant professor of chemistry, geology and mineralogy. Of these branches he was soon made full professor, and in the course of his work became greatly interested in microscopy. In this study he made many important investigations, which have given him a wide reputation as a naturalist. The "Bailey ​indicator," so largely used among scientists, was invented by him. He was chosen president of the American association for the advancement of science in 1856, and his writings relating to his line of work are numerous and valuable. Among the journals to which he contributed are: Transactions of the Association of Geologists and Naturalists, the American Journal of Science and Art, The Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, and Journal of Microscopic Science. His microscopic objects, embracing over three thousand slides and about forty-five hundred specimens of algae, with his books and papers, he bequeathed to the Boston society of natural history. He died at the Military academy, West Point, N. Y., Feb. 26, 1857.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Badlam, Ezra

​BADLAM, Ezra, soldier, was born at Milton, Mass., May 25, 1746; brother of Stephen Badlam, a general in the revolutionary war. He served as a captain of artillery at the siege of Boston, fought at Trenton and Princeton, and fell into the hands of the British at White Plains in 1780. He was afterwards released and promoted to the rank of colonel at the end of the war. He took an active part in putting down Shays' rebellion. He died in Dorchester, Mass., April 5, 1788.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Badlam, Stephen

​BADLAM, Stephen, soldier, was born at Milton, Mass., March 25, 1748; brother of Ezra Badlam, revolutionary soldier. He entered the colonial service at the outbreak of the revolution, in 1775, and was given the rank of lieutenant of artillery. He was later assigned to duty in the department of Canada, as commander of artillery, with the rank of major. He took possession of the eminence opposite Ticonderoga on learning of the signing of the Declaration of Independence and named it Mount Independence. In August, 1777, he fought under Willet at Fort Stanwix, N. Y., and in 1799 was made a brigadier-general. He was a brave soldier and a man of sterling qualities, and a friend and confidant of General Washington and Alexander Hamilton. He died at Dorchester, Mass., Aug. 25, 1815.