OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Deas, David

​DEAS, Sir DAVID (1807–1876), naval medical officer, son of Francis Deas, provost of Falkland, Fifeshire, who died in 1857, by his marriage with Margaret, daughter of David Moyes, was born at Falkland in September 1807, educated at the high school and university of Edinburgh, and having become a licentiate of the College of Surgeons of Edinburgh in 1827, entered the royal navy 7 June 1828 as an assistant-surgeon. He saw much service, and was promoted to be a surgeon 2 July 1836, and before his return to England in 1842 took part in the operations on the coast of Syria. He was advanced to the rank of deputy-inspector of hospitals and fleets 24 June 1854, and in the Britannia was present at the engagement with the sea defences of Sebastopol on 17 Oct. On 1 March 1855 he was gazetted inspector-general and served in the Royal Albert until the conclusion of the war with Russia. From June 1857 until 1859 he had medical charge of the ​fleet on the coast of China, and his attention to the sick and wounded at the capture of Canton 28–9 Dec. 1857 gained for him especial mention (London Gazette, 1858, p. 1024). He continued in active service until March 1872, when he was placed on the retired list. He was created C.B. 5 Feb. 1856, K.C.B. 13 March 1867, and awarded a good-service pension 11 April 1869. He held the Syrian medal, the Crimean medal with Sebastopol clasp, and the Turkish medal, was a knight of the Legion of Honour, and wore the order of the Medjidie of the fourth class. His death took place at the residence of his brother, Sir George Deas (Lord Deas), 32 Heriot Row, Edinburgh, 15 Jan. 1876, and he was buried in the Warriston cemetery, Edinburgh, on 19 Jan. He married in July 1860 Margaret, daughter of William Hepburn, who survived him.
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fisher, Samuel (fl.1692)

Dates 1605/6–1681 in the ODNB.
​FISHER, SAMUEL (fl. 1692), puritan, son of Thomas Fisher of Stratford-on-Avon, was born in 1617, and educated at the university of Oxford, matriculating at Queen's College in 1634, and graduating at Magdalen College - B.A. 15 Dec. 1636, M.A. 18 June 1640. He took holy orders, and officiated at St. Bride's, London, at Withington, Shropshire, and at Shrewsbury, where he was curate to Thomas Blake [q. v.] He afterwards held the rectory of Thornton-in-the-Moors, Cheshire, from which he was ejected at the Restoration. He spent the rest of his life at Birmingham, where he died, 'leaving the character of an ancient divine, an able preacher, and a godly life.' He published : 1. 'An Antidote against the Fear of Death; being meditations in a time and place of great mortality' (the time, Wood informs us, being July and August 1650, the place Shrewsbury). 2. 'A Love Token for Mourners, teaching spiritual dumbness and submission under God's smarting rod,' in two funeral sermons, London, 1655. 3. A Fast sermon, preached 30 Jan. 1692-3.
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. (Bliss), iv. 587; Ormerod's Cheshire, ed. Helsby, ii. 21; Calamy's Abridgment, i. 124.]
J. M. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fisher, William Webster

​FISHER, WILLIAM WEBSTER, M.D, (1798?–1874), Downing professor of medicine at Cambridge, a native of Westmoreland, was born in or about 1798. He studied in the first instance at Montpellier, where he took the degree of M.D. in 1825 (D.M.I. 'De l'inflammation considérée sous le rapport de ses indications,' 4to, Montpellier, 1825). Two years later he was entered at Trinity College, Cambridge, of which his brother, the Rev. John Hutton Fisher, was then fellow and assistant-tutor. Subsequently he removed to Downing College, where he graduated as M.B. in 1834. Shortly afterwards he succeeded to a fellowship, but the Downing professorship of medicine falling vacant in 1841, Fisher was elected and resigned his fellowship. He, however, held some of the college offices. In 1841 he proceeded M.D. His lectures were well attended. He acted for many years as one of the university examiners of students in medicine, and was an ex officio member of the university board of medical studies. In addition to fulfilling the duties of his professorship, Fisher had a large practice as a physician at Cambridge. He was formerly one of the physicians to Addenbrooke's Hospital, and on his resignation was appointed consulting physician to that institution. Although for some time he had relinquished the practice of his profession, he regularly delivered courses of lectures until 1868, since which time they were read by a deputy, P. W. Latham, M.D., late fellow of Downing. Fisher was a fellow of the Cambridge ​Philosophical Society, and a contributor to its 'Transactions.' He was highly esteemed in the university for his professional attainments and his conversational powers. He died at his lodge in Downing College, 4 Oct. 1874, in his seventy-sixth year.
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fisher, William (1780-1852)

​FISHER, WILLIAM (1780–1852), rear-admiral, second son of John Fisher of Yarmouth, Norfolk, was born on 18 Nov. 1780, and entered the navy in 1795. After serving in the North Sea, at the Cape of Good Hope, and in the Mediterranean, and as acting lieutenant of the Foudroyant on the coast of Egypt, he was confirmed in the rank on 3 Sept. 1801. In 1805 he was lieutenant of the Superb during the chase of Villeneuve to the West Indies; and in 1806 was promoted to be commander. In 1808 he commanded the Racehorse of 18 guns in the Channel, and in the same ship, in 1809–10, was employed in surveying in the Mozambique. In March 1811 he was promoted to post-rank, and in 1816–17 commanded in succession the Bann and Cherub, each of 20 guns, on the coast of Guinea, in both of which he captured several slavers and pirates, some of them after a desperate resistance. From March 1836 to May 1841 he commanded the Asia in the Mediterranean, and in 1840, during the operations on the coast of Syria [see Stopford, Sir Robert], was employed as senior officer of the detached squadron off Alexandria, with the task of keeping open the mail communication through Egypt. For this service he received the Turkish gold medal and diamond decoration. He had no further service afloat, but became, in due course, a rear-admiral in 1847. During his retirement he wrote two novels : 'The Petrel, or Love on the Ocean' (1850), which passed through three editions, and 'Ralph Rutherford, a Nautical Romance' (1851). He died in London, on 30 Sept. 1852. A man who had been so long in the navy during a very stirring period, who had surveyed the Mozambique, and captured slavers and pirates, had necessarily plenty of adventures at command, which scarcely needed the complications of improbable love stories to make them interesting; but the author had neither the constructive skill nor the literary talent necessary for writing a good novel, and his language throughout is exaggerated and stilted to the point of absurdity.
Fisher married, in 1810, Elizabeth, sister of Sir James Rivett Carnac, bart., governor of Bombay, by whom he had two children, a daughter and a son.
[O'Byrne's Nav. Biog. Dict.; Gent. Mag. 1852, new ser. xxxviii. 634.]
J. K. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fisk, William (1796-1872)

​FISK, WILLIAM (1796–1872), painter, born in 1796 at Thorpe-le-Soken, Essex, was the son of a yeoman farmer at Can Hall in that county, of a family which boasted of some antiquity, dating back to the days of Henry IV. Drawing very early became Fisk's favourite occupation, but his inclination to art was discouraged by his father, who sent him to school at Colchester, and at nineteen years of age placed him in a mercantile house in London. In this uncongenial profession Fisk remained for ten years, though he never neglected his artistic powers, and in 1818 sent to the Royal Academy a portrait of Mr. G. Fisk, and in 1819 a portrait of a 'Child and Favourite Dog.' He married about 1826, and after the birth of his eldest son he devoted himself seriously to art as a profession. In 1829 he sent to the Royal Academy a portrait of William Redmore Bigg, R. A., and continued to exhibit portraits there for a few years. At the British Institution he exhibited in 1830 'The Widow,' and in 1832 'Puck.' About 1834 he took to painting large historical compositions, by which he is best known. These compositions, though a failure from an artistic point of view, possessed value from the care Fisk took to obtain contemporary portraits and authorities for costume, which he faithfully reproduced on his canvas. Some of them were engraved, and the popularity of the engravings led to his painting more. They comprised 'Lady Jane Grey, when in confinement in the Tower, visited by Feckenham' (British Institution, 1834); 'The Coronation of Robert Bruce' (Royal Academy, 1836); 'La Journée des Dupes' (Royal Academy, 1837); 'Leonardo da Vinci expiring in the arms of Francis I' (Royal Academy, 1838); 'The Chancellor Wriothesley approaching to apprehend Katherine Parr on a charge of heresy,' and 'Mary, widow of Louis XII of France, receiving Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, ambassador from Henry VIII' (British Institution, 1838); 'The Queen Mother, Marie de Medici, demanding the dismissal of Cardinal Richelieu' (British Institution, 1839); 'The Conspiracy of the Pazzi, or the attempt to assassinate Lorenzo de Medici' (Royal Academy, 1839); the last-named picture was in 1840 awarded the gold medal of the Manchester Institution for the best historical picture exhibited in their gallery. About 1840 Fisk commenced a series of pictures connected with the reign of Charles I, namely, 'Cromwell's Family interceding for the life of Charles I' (Royal Academy, 1840); 'The Trial of the Earl of Strafford' (never exhibited, engraved by James Scott in 1841, and now in the Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool); 'The Trial of Charles I in Westminster Hall' (Royal Academy, 1842); 'Charles I passing through the banqueting-house, Whitehall, to the Scaffold' (Royal Academy, 1843); 'The last interview of Charles I with his Children' (British Institution, 1844). After these his productions were of a less ambitious nature, and he eventually retired from active life to some property at Danbury in Essex, where he died on 8 Nov. 1872. He was also a frequent contributor to the Suffolk Street exhibition.
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fisk, William Henry

​FISK, WILLIAM HENRY (1827–1884), painter and drawing-master, son of William Fisk [q. v.], was a pupil of his father, and also a student of the Royal Academy. He was a skilled draughtsman, and as such was appointed anatomical draughtsman to the Royal College of Surgeons. In painting he was a landscape-painter, and exhibited for the first time in 1846. In 1850 he exhibited at the Royal Academy, subsequently being an occasional exhibitor at the other London exhibitions and also in Paris. He was teacher of drawing and painting to University College School, London, and in that capacity was very successful and of high repute. A series of drawings of trees which he produced for the queen were much esteemed. He was a clear and logical lecturer on the practical aspect of art, and succeeded in attracting large audiences in London and the provinces. He also occasionally contributed articles on painting to the public press. He died on 13 Nov. 1884, in his fifty-eighth year.
L. C.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Arbuthnot, Sir George Gough

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​ARBUTHNOT, SIR GEORGE GOUGH (1848–)
Born Aug. 28, 1848: educated at Eton: partner in the firm of Arbuthnot & Co., Madras: Member of the Legislative Council, Madras: Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce, Madras: Fellow of the Madras University: Chairman of the Famine Relief Fund: Knight Bachelor.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Arcot, Sir Muhammad Munaw-War Ali Khan Bahadur, Prince of

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​ARCOT, SIR MUHAMMAD MUNAW-WAR ALI KHAN BAHADUR, PRINCE OF (1856–1903)
Son of Muazzaz-ud-daula, and nephew of Intizam-ul-mulk, whom he succeeded as Prince of Arcot, 1889: leader of the Muhammadan community in the Madras Presidency, and held in high esteem by it and the British authorities: Khan Bahadur, 1876: K.C.I.E., 1897: died at the Delhi Imperial Assemblage, Jan. 4, 1903.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Armstrong, Sir George Carlyon Hughes, Baronet

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​ARMSTRONG, SIR GEORGE CARLYON HUGHES, BARONET (1836–)
Educated privately: entered the Indian Army, 1855: served throughout the Indian mutiny: severely wounded, 1857: retired as Captain on pension, and became orderly officer of the R.M.C., Addiscombe, until it was broken up: subsequently became proprietor and editor of the Globe newspaper, and received a Baronetcy in 1892.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Arbuthnot, Sir Charles George

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​ARBUTHNOT, SIR CHARLES GEORGE (1824–1899)
Son of the Bishop of Killaloe, and brother of Sir A. J. Arbuthnot (q. v.): born May 19, 1824: educated at Rugby and the R.M.A., Woolwich: entered the Royal Artillery 1843: served in the Crimea: became Lt-Colonel 1864: went to India in 1868: C.B., 1871: D.A.G. of Artillery, 1873–7: Inspr-General of Artillery in India, 1877–80: in the second Afghan War was employed as Brig-General, first in the Kandahar Field force and later in the Khyber: K.C.B. in 1881: D.A.G. of Artillery in England, 1880–3: Inspr-General of Artillery, 1883: and President of the Ordnance Committee, 1885: in 1886 was made C. in C. Bombay, and transferred to Madras in the same year: succeeded Lord Roberts in the command in Burma in 1887: retired from Madras in 1891: General, 1890: G.C.B., 1894: died April 14, 1899.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Argyll, George Douglas Campbell, eighth Duke of

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​ARGYLL, GEORGE DOUGLAS CAMPBELL, EIGHTH DUKE OF (1823–1900)
Statesman: K.G., K.T., P.C.: born April 30, 1823: his connection with India began when he was Secretary of State for India in Mr. Gladstone's administration, 1868–1874: when in opposition, he wrote and spoke strongly against (the forward Afghan policy of the Conservative Government. In 1865 he wrote India under Dalhousie and Canning, and in 1899 The Eastern Question: he always showed great interest in, and knowledge of, Indian questions: he died April 24, 1900.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Arnold, Sir Edwin

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​ARNOLD, SIR EDWIN (1832–1904)
Poet: born June 10, 1832: educated at Rochester, King's College, London, and University College, Oxford, (Scholar): gained the Newdigate Verse Prize, 1853: Principal of the Government Dekkan College, in Poona, 1856–1861: Fellow of the Bombay University: joined the Daily Telegraph newspaper in London, and became its editor: visited and admired Japan, and married a Japanese lady in 1897: made a C.S.I.: and K.C.I.E. in 1888: held Orders from the rulers of Siam, Japan, Turkey and Persia: distinguished as a poet, scholar, teacher, journalist and man of letters: wrote The Light of Asia, Indian Idylls, Indian poetry, etc.: died March 24, 1904.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Arcot, Ghulam Muhammad Ali, Khan Bahadur, Prince of

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​ARCOT, GHULAM MUHAMMAD ALI, KHAN BAHADUR, PRINCE OF (1882–)
Born 1882: succeeded his father, Muhammad Munawwar Ali, 1903: Premier Muhammadan nobleman of the Carnatic and acknowledged head of the Muhammadan community of the Madras Presidency: was given the title of Khan Bahadur in 1897.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Ardagh, Sir John Charles

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​ARDAGH, SIR JOHN CHARLES (1840–)
Maj -General, R.E.: educated at Trinity College, Dublin: entered the Royal Engineers in April, 1859: passed the Staff College: his services in Europe, on frontier commissions, and in Africa on military campaigns, have been distinguished: in India he was Private Secretary to the Marquis of Lansdowne, Governor-General and Viceroy, from Dec, 1888, to Jan., 1894, and also to the Earl of Elgin, in the same appointment, Jan. to April, 1894: is C.B. (Civil 1878, Military 1884): C.I.E. (1892): K.C.I.E. (1894): K.C.M.G. (1902): also Hon. LL.D. of Trinity College, Dublin.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Arbuthnot, William Urquhart

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​ARBUTHNOT, WILLIAM URQUHART (1807–1874)
I.C.S.: fifth son of Sir William Arbuthnot, Bart: born 1807: educated at the Edinburgh High School and Haileybury: went to Madras, 1826: became Agent to the Governor at Vizagapatam: resigned the service, 1846: joined the firm of Arbuthnot & Co. at Madras: retired to England in 1838: was one of the original members, chosen by the Crown, of the new Council of India, from Sep. 21, 1858, under the Statute of 1858: more than once he declined the appointment of Finance Minister in India: died Dec 11, 1874.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Arcot, Azim Jah, Prince of

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​ARCOT, AZIM JAH, PRINCE OF (1800–1874)
Uncle of Muhammad Ghaus (q.v.), the Nawab of the Carnatic, whom he succeeded, but only as the first Prince of Arcot, the ​title granted to him in 1867, with a pension and various concessions, a personal salute of 15 guns, etc.: died Jan. 14, 1874.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gainsborough, Earl of

​GAINSBOROUGH, Earl of (d. 1750). [See Noel, Baptiste.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gahagan, Usher

​GAGAHAN, USHER (d. 1749), classical scholar, belonged to a good family of Westmeath, Ireland; was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, but took no degree, and then proceeded to study for the Irish bar. His parents had brought him up as a protestant, but he was converted in youth to Roman catholicism, and was thus prevented from being called to the bar. He soon married a rich heiress, whom he treated very cruelly, and a separation followed. His relatives were alienated by his conduct, and he came to London, where he tried to make a livelihood out of his classical scholarship. He edited in Brindley's beautiful edition of the classics the works of Horace, Cornelius Nepos, Sallust, Juvenal, Persius, Virgil, and Terence, all published in 1744; Quintus Curtius in 1746; Catullus, Propertius, and Tibullus, issued in 1749. He also translated into good Latin verse Pope's ‘Essay on Criticism’ (‘Tentamen de re critica’), which appeared in 1747 with a Latin dedication to the Earl of Chesterfield, and a poem descriptive of the earl's recent reception in Dublin as lord-lieutenant. But Gahagan fell into very bad company in London. A compatriot, Hugh Coffey, suggested to him a plan for making money by filing coins or ‘diminishing the current coin of the realm.’ Another Irishman, of some education, Terence Connor, who is variously described as Gahagan's servant or lodger, was introduced into the conspiracy. For some months the scheme worked well. But the suspicions of the authorities were roused ​at the end of 1748. Coffey turned informer, and Gahagan and Connor were arrested in a public-house at Chalk Farm early in January 1748–9. The trial took place at the Old Bailey on Monday, 16 Jan. 1748–9, and both were convicted on Coffey's evidence. While awaiting execution in Newgate, Gahagan translated Pope's ‘Messiah’ and ‘Temple of Fame’ into Latin verse, and this was published immediately (1749), with a dedication to the Duke of Newcastle, prime minister, praying for pardon. Gahagan also addressed Prince George to the same effect in English verse, while Connor wrote a poetic appeal in English to the Duchess of Queensberry. These effusions are printed in the ‘Newgate Calendar.’ But all efforts failed, and the young men were hanged at Tyburn on Monday, 20 Feb. 1748–9. Some verses lamenting Gahagan's fate are quoted in the ‘Newgate Calendar.’ In the preface to the collected edition of Christopher Smart's poems, ‘unfortunate Gahagan’ is described as Smart's immediate predecessor in the successful writing of Latin verse.
[Knapp and Baldwin's Newgate Calendar, ii. 27–30; Gent. Mag. 1749, pp. 43, 90; London Mag. xviii. 62, 99, 102; Notes and Queries, 5th ser. i. 482; Southey's Commonplace Book, iii. 71; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
S. L. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gage, William Hall

​GAGE, Sir WILLIAM HALL (1777–1864), admiral of the fleet, sixth and youngest son of General the Hon. Thomas Gage [q. v.], was born on 2 Oct. 1777, and entered the navy on board the Bellona guard-ship at Plymouth, in 1789. After serving in several ships on the home, West Indian, and Mediterranean stations, including the Princess Royal flag-ship of Rear-admiral Goodall in the actions off Toulon on 13 March and 13 July 1795, and the Bedford, in the defence of the convoy against Richery off Cadiz, he was appointed to the Victory, carrying the flag of Sir John Jervis, and was promoted from her to be lieutenant of the Minerve frigate, in which he took part in the engagement with the Sabina on 20 Dec. 1796 [see Nelson, Horation, Viscount], in the battle of Cape St. Vincent on 14 Feb., and in the cutting out of the Mutine brig on 29 May 1797. On 13 June 1797 he was made commander, and on 26 July was posted to the Terpsichore frigate, which for the next three years was actively employed in the Mediterranean, and especially in the blockade of Malta, and, having returned to England, was one of the frigates which detained the Danish ships under the convoy of the Freja, an affair which proved one of the main causes of the second armed neutrality and of the battle of Copenhagen (Schomberg, Nav. Chron. iii. 373). In March 1801 Gage was appointed to the Uranie, and on 21 July took part in the cutting out of the French 20-gun corvette Chevrette from under the batteries in Camaret Bay (James, Nav. Hist., ed. 1860, iii. 138). From 1805 to 1808 he commanded the Thetis frigate in the North Sea and Mediterranean, and in 1813–14 the Indus of 74 guns off Toulon under Sir Edward Pellew. In 1821 he became a rear-admiral. From 1825–30 he was commander-in-chief in the East Indies; and in the Downs, May to July 1833. He was nominated a G.C.H. on 19 April 1834, became a vice-admiral on 10 Jan. 1837, was commander-in-chief at Lisbon from April to December 1837, was a member of the board of admiralty 1842–6, and attained the rank of admiral on 9 Nov. 1846. From 1848 to 1851 he was commander-in-chief at Plymouth. This was the end of his long service, though in 1853 he was appointed rear-admiral of the United Kingdom, and vice-admiral in the following year. In 1860 he was nominated a G.C.B., and in 1862 was advanced to be admiral of the fleet. During his later years he lived at Thurston near Bury St. Edmunds, where he freely contributed both time and money to the restoration of the parish church and to the local charities, and where he died on 4 Jan. 1864.
J. K. L.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Conolly, Edward Barry

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​CONOLLY, EDWARD BARRY (1808–1840)
Brother of Arthur Conolly (q.v.) : was Captain in the Bengal Cavalry and ​Commandant of Sir W. Macnaghten's escort at Kabul, when he was killed, fighting in the Kohistan under Sir R. Sale, on Sep. 29, 1840 : he had written papers for the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Conolly, Henry Valentine

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​CONOLLY, HENRY VALENTINE (1806–1855)
I.C.S. : brother of Arthur Conolly (q.v.) : educated at Rugby, went to Madras, 1824 : served in Bellary, and for many years as District Officer of the Malabar district : he was murdered in his own house by Moplah fanatics on Sep. 11, 1855 : he had been nominated to be provisional Member of Council, Madras.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Cooch Behar, Maharaja Sir Nripendra Bhup Bahadur of

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​COOCH BEHAR, MAHARAJA SIR NRIPENDRA BHUP BAHADUR OF (1862–)
Born Oct. 4,1862 : succeeded his father in 1863, the State being under official management during his minority : edutaced at the Wards' Institute, Benares, and at Bankipur, Patna : Maharaja Bahadur, 1880 : installed in 1883 as a Ruling Chief : G.C.I.E., 1887 : Hony. Lt-Colonel of the 6th Bengal Cavalry : through the Tirah campaign on the Staff of General Yeatman-Briggs : present at Dargai and Samana : C.B., 1898 : Hony. A.D.C to H.M. the King : married in 1878 the daughter of Keshab Chandra Sen (q.v.). The Maharaja has visited England several times : he is a keen sportsman and has excelled in polo, tennis, and other games. The Maharani Sunity Devi has been a Member of the Imperial Order of the Crown of India since 1887.