OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Charles XV.

Edition of 1879. See also Charles XV of Sweden on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ CHARLES XV., king of Sweden and Norway, born May 3, 1826, died at Malmo, Sept. 18, 1872. He succeeded his father Oscar I., son of Bernadotte, July 8, 1859, and was crowned in Stockholm May 3, and at Drontheim, Norway, Aug. 5, 1860. The great parliamentary and many other liberal reforms were instituted in Sweden during his reign, and he was extremely popular with all classes on account of his enlightened policy as well as his personal qualities. He was an excellent sportsman and artist, an accomplished poet and writer, and author of several works. During the Franco-German war of 1870-'71, he sympathized with France, but prudently refrained from committing his state. His death was mourned in Sweden and Norway as a great public calamity. His wife Louise, a Dutch princess, died March 30, 1871. Their only child, the princess Louise, married the crown prince of Denmark, July 28, 1869. By his will he left to the state most of his artistic collection, including the portion of the paintings relating to Scandinavia; the collection of arms to be placed in the national museum, the rest to remain in the chateau of Ulriksdal. He was succeeded by his brother Oscar II.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Charlotte (North Carolina)

Edition of 1879. See also Charlotte, North Carolina on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
CHARLOTTE, a city of North Carolina, capital of Mecklenburg co., on Sugar creek, 125 m. W. S. W. of Raleigh; pop. in 1870, 4,473, of whom 1,880 were colored. The Charlotte, Columbia, and Augusta, the Wilmington, Charlotte, and Rutherford, and the North Carolina railroads meet here. A plank road 120 m.
long connects it with Fayetteville. The city is situated upon the gold range of the Atlantic states, and its prosperity is principally owing to the working of the mines in its vicinity. A branch mint for coining gold was established here in 1838, which up to March 31, 1861, when it was closed by the civil war, produced 1,206,954 pieces, valued at $5,048,641 50. It was reopened in 1869, and up to June 30, 1872, $50,751 63 in unparted bars were produced. The total deposits to that date amounted to $5,118,644 89. Under the coinage act of 1873, this establishment ceased to be operated as a mint, but is continued as an assay office. Charlotte contains several schools, churches, and cotton factories, and three banks with an aggregate capital of $700,000. It has two daily, two tri-weekly, and four weekly newspapers, and a monthly periodical. The “Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence” was adopted here, May 31, 1775. The British troops occupied Charlotte in 1780, and for a time it was the American headquarters.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Charlestown (West Virginia)

Edition of 1879. See also Charles Town, West Virginia on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
CHARLESTOWN, a town of West Virginia, capital of Jefferson co., on the Winchester, Potomac, and Strasburg division of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, about 10 m. S. W. of Harper's Ferry; pop. in 1870, 1,593, of whom 537 were colored. It is surrounded by a fertile and beautiful country. There are three or four churches, an academy, and a bank. John Brown was tried and executed here Dec. 2, 1859.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Chase

Edition of 1879. See also Chase County, Kansas on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
CHASE, an E. central county of Kansas, watered by the Neosho river and its affluents; area, 757 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 1,975. The Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fé railroad traverses it. The chief productions in 1870 were 47,261 bushels of wheat, 104,626 of Indian corn, 26,748 of oats, and 8,605 tons of hay. There were 1,189 horses, 1,201 milch cows, 4,730 other cattle, 1,255 sheep, and 585 swine. Capital, Cottonwood Falls.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Charles de Blois

Edition of 1879. See also Charles I, Duke of Brittany on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ CHARLES DE BLOIS, or de Châtillon, duke of Brittany, died in 1364. He was the nephew of Philip VI. of France, who, anxious to secure his fortune, married him to Jeanne de Penthièvre, heiress apparent to the ducal crown of Brittany. But on the death of John III., in 1341, the claim of Jeanne was disputed by John of Montfort, brother of the deceased, who asserted that Brittany could not revert to female sovereigns. Thence arose a war of 20 years' duration, in which the kings of England and of France participated, the former giving assistance to Montfort, while the latter supported Charles de Blois. His cause at first promised to be successful; his competitor died about 1345, whereupon Jeanne of Montfort came boldly forward in behalf of her young son, and displayed such courage, inspired her followers with such enthusiasm, and obtained such assistance from the chivalry of England, that fortune at last declared for her. Charles was killed in battle, and the duchy of Brittany was awarded to young Montfort.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Charleston (West Virginia)

Edition of 1879. See also Charleston, West Virginia on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
CHARLESTON, a city, the capital of West Virginia and of Kanawha county, on the Kanawha river, 60 m. from its mouth and at its confluence with Elk river, 233 m. W. by N. of Richmond, and 130 m. S. by W. of Wheeling; pop. in 1870, 3,162, of whom 761 were colored. The Kanawha is 300 yards wide here, and is navigable throughout the year. The valley of this river is rich in salt, coal, iron, and timber, and Charleston is a central point for the working and shipping of these articles. In the vicinity of the city are 10 salt furnaces; more salt is made here annually than at any other point in the country except Syracuse, N. Y.
They are situated in the Kanawha Salines, beginning about 2 m. above Charleston, and extending up the river on both sides for 10 m. A great variety of coal is found in abundance, such as cannel, splint, and all kinds of bituminous coals. Locks and dams are in process of construction on Elk river in order to facilitate the transportation of the immense quantities of coal and timber that abound along its banks for over 100 m. The Chesapeake and Ohio railroad, which is designed to be one of the great through routes between the east and west, passes through Charleston. The Northern and Southern West Virginia railroad, in progress, terminates here. The state house is a capacious stone building, 138 ft. long, 56 wide, and 140 high, erected in 1870 at a cost, including land, of about $60,000. The other state institutions are in other parts of the state. The manufacturing establishments comprise 2 iron founderies with machine works attached to each, 4 saw and planing mills, a cabinet factory, 2 factories for making staves and headings for salt and flour barrels, a pump factory, a mineral water factory, 2 large flour mills, and a woollen factory. There are a high school called the Charleston institute, a public school, a Roman Catholic seminary, and several private schools. There are 8 churches, 4 weekly newspapers, and a monthly periodical. The seat of government was removed from Wheeling to Charleston by an act of the legislature of 1869, which went into effect April 30, 1870.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Charleston (county)

Edition of 1879. See also Charleston County, South Carolina on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
CHARLESTON, a county of South Carolina, bordering on the Atlantic, including several islands, of which the largest is Edisto; area, 1,906 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 88,863, of whom 60,603 were colored. The Santee river bounds it on the north, and it is drained by Ashley and Cooper rivers, which unite to form the harbor of Charleston. The other chief river is the Edisto, and there are numerous inlets, including, besides Charleston harbor, the N. and S. Edisto and S. Santee, which are generally navigable by small craft. The coast is broken by several bays and protected by a stretch of sandy islands. The surface is low, level, and in some places exposed to inundation. The soil embraces every variety, from the richest alluvial mould to the most sterile sand. There are large quantities of waste land, most of it reclaimable. The famous sea island cotton is raised along the rivers and coast. Formerly indigo, tobacco, silk, and wine were extensively produced. The olive, orange, and lemon have been found to mature in the open air, though cut down by occasional severe winters. The palmetto and the pine are among the indigenous forest trees. The South Carolina railroad, which terminates at Charleston city, runs through this county, and also the Savannah and Charleston and the Northeastern railroads. A communication between the Santee and Cooper rivers has been opened by a canal 22 m. long. The chief productions in 1870 were 170,087 bushels of Indian corn, 24,110 of peas and beans, 62,984 of sweet potatoes, 5,512 bales of cotton, and 4,329,217 lbs. of rice. There were 1,044 horses, 1,220 mules and asses, 2,565 milch cows, 4,321 other cattle, 2,869 sheep, and 10,390 swine. Capital, Charleston.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Charlotte (Virginia)

Edition of 1879. See also Charlotte County, Virginia on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
CHARLOTTE, a S. county of Virginia, bounded S. W. by Staunton river; area, 550 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 14,513, of whom 9,613 were colored. The surface is hilly. The Atlantic, Mississippi, and Ohio railroad crosses the N. end, and the Richmond, Danville, and Piedmont road traverses the county. The chief productions in 1870 were 75,194 bushels of wheat, 194,260 of Indian corn, 118,931 of oats, and 1,964,736 lbs. of tobacco. There were 1,035 horses, 1,715 milch cows, 2,506 other cattle, 3,223 sheep, and 7,224 swine. Capital, Marysville.
# The Bad Child's Book Of Beasts/The Tiger

The Tiger
The Tiger on the other hand,
is kittenish and mild, He makes a pretty playfellow for any little child; And mothers of large families (who claim to common sense)
Will find a Tiger well repay the trouble and expense.
# The Bad Child's Book Of Beasts/The Yak

The Yak
As a friend to the children
commend me the Yak.
You will find it exactly the thing: It will carry and fetch,
you can ride on its back,
Or lead it about
with a string.
The Tartar who dwells on the plains of Thibet (A desolate region of snow)
Has for centuries made it a nursery pet, And surely the Tartar should know!
Then tell your papa where the Yak can be got,
And if he is awfully rich He will buy you the creature-
or else
he will not. (I cannot be positive which.)
# The Bad Child's Book Of Beasts/The Whale

The Whale
The Whale that wanders round the Pole
Is not
a table fish. You cannot bake or boil him whole Nor serve him in a dish;
But you may cut his blubber up And melt it down for oil,
And so replace
the colza bean (A product of the soil).
The facts should all be noted down And ruminated on,
By every boy in Oxford town Who wants to be a Don.
# The Bad Child's Book Of Beasts/The Rhinoceros

The Rhinoceros
Rhinoceros, your hide looks all undone,
You do not take my fancy in the least:
You have a horn where other brutes have none: Rhinoceros, you are an ugly beast.
# The Beginner's American History

* information about this edition.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
The Beginner's American History
By D. H. Montgomery
Author of the Leading Facts of History Series
Boston, U.S.A.
Ginn & Company, Publishers
The Athenæum Press
1904

## Prefatory note

This little book is intended by the writer as an introduction to his larger work entitled The Leading Facts of American History.
It is in no sense an abridgement of the larger history, but is practically an entirely new and distinct work.
Its object is to present clearly and accurately those facts and principles in the lives of some of the chief founders and builders of America which would be of interest and value to pupils beginning the study of our history. Throughout the book great care has been taken to relate only such incidents and anecdotes as are believed to rest on unexceptionable authority.
The words quoted literally in this book are enclosed in double quotation marks; those quoted in substance only are enclosed in single marks; while those attributed by the writer to different speakers have no marks.
In this edition the paging has been changed, but the numbering of the paragraphs remains the same.
    David H. Montgomery.

## Contents

    See also the expanded table of contents.
* List of illustrations
* Chapters:
** Christopher Columbus
** John Cabot
** Ponce de Leon, Balboa, and De Soto
** Sir Walter Raleigh
** Captain John Smith
** Captain Henry Hudson
** Captain Myles Standish
** Lord Baltimore
** Roger Williams
** King Philip
** William Penn
** General James Oglethorpe
** Benjamin Franklin
** George Washington
** Daniel Boone
** General James Robertson and Governor John Sevier
** General George Rogers Clark
** General Rufus Putnam
** Eli Whitney
** Thomas Jefferson
** Robert Fulton
** General William Henry Harrison
** General Andrew Jackson
** Professor Morse
** General Sam Houston
** Captain Robert Gray
** Captain Sutter
** Abraham Lincoln
** Since the Civil War
* Appendix: A short list of books of reference

## List of illustrations

    See also the complete list of illustrations (in Wikimedia Commons) to view all the images at once.

### List of large maps

* Map of the World showing all the Possessions of the United States, including Islands
    NOTE.—In these maps it has been thought best to give the boundaries of the thirteen original states as they now exist; and to show the outlines of other states before they were organized and admitted.

### List of full-page illustrations

* Frontispiece—The National Capitol
* Liberty enlightening the World
* Indian Attack on a Settlement
* “Yankee Doodle,” or The Spirit of '76
* Paul Revere's Ride
* Battle of New Orleans
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1928, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 95 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Adee, Alvey Augustus

​ADEE, Alvey Augustus, official, was born at Astoria, N.Y., Nov. 27, 1842, son of Augustus Alvey Adee, fleet surgeon in the U.S. navy. He was educated under private tutors, and was appointed secretary of legation at Madrid, Sept. 9, 1870, where he served as charge d'affaires several times. He was appointed a clerk at Washington, D.C., July 9, 1877; chief of the diplomatic bureau June 11, 1878; third assistant secretary of state July 18, 1882, and second assistant secretary of state Aug. 3, 1886. He was present at the signing of the peace proctocols between the United States and Spain; served as secretary of State, during a vacancy, Sept. 17-29, 1898, and as acting secretary of state during the difficulties with the Chinese in August and September, 1900. He received the degree of A.M. from Yale in 1888.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Agnew, Corenlius Rea

​AGNEW, Cornelius Rea, physician, was born in New York city, Aug. 8, 1830. He was graduated at Columbia college in 1849 and received the degree of M.D. from the New York college of physicians and surgeons in 1852, and became house surgeon, and later curator, at the New York hospital. He went to Europe for special study in his profession, and on his return was appointed surgeon to the New York eye and ear infirmary. He was appointed surgeon-general of the state of New York in 1858; served in the civil war as director of the New York state volunteer hospital; and was a member of the United States sanitary commission. He was instrumental, in 1868, in the founding of an ophthalmic clinic in the college of physicians and surgeons, of which he was in 1869 appointed professor and lecturer. In 1868 he founded the Brooklyn, and in 1869 the Manhattan eye and ear hospitals. He served as a public school trustee and was president of the board; was one of the managers of the New York state hospital for the insane at Poughkeepsie, N.Y.; one of the trustees of Columbia college, and was active in organizing its school of mines. The State medical society elected him president in 1872. He prepared many papers relating to the eye and ear, and published in the current medical journals, also, a "Series of American Clinical Lectures," edited by E.C. Sequin, M.D. (1875), besides numerous brief monographs. He died April 18, 1888.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Agnew, Daniel

​AGNEW, Daniel, jurist, was born in Trenton, N.J., Jan. 5, 1809. At an early age he went with his parents to Pittsburg, Pa., where he obtained his education and entered the legal profession. He became widely and favorably known as a sound lawyer, and at the revision of Pennsylvania's constitution in 1836, he was a member of the convention called for that purpose. In 1851 he became presiding judge of the Seventeenth judicial district, in 1863 supreme judge, and in 1873 chief justice. He received the degree of LL.D. from both Washington and Dickinson colleges. He resigned from his judgeship in 1879, "with the reputation of being one of the ablest jurists that ever sat upon the Pennsylvanian bench." In 1880 he was chosen as first president of the constitutional temperance amendment association of New Jersey. He published "A History of the Region of Pennsylvania North of the Ohio and West of the Allegheny River, etc., etc." (1878); and "Our National Constitution: its Adaptation to a State of War" (1863). He died at Beaver, Pa., March 9, 1902.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Ade, George

​ADE, George, author, was born in Kentland, Ind., Feb. 9, 1866, son of John and Adaline (Bush) Ade. He was graduated at Purdue university B.S. 1877; became reporter and telegraph editor on the Evening Call at Lafayette, Ind., in 1877, and a reporter on the Daily News, now the Record, in Chicago, Ill., in 1891. He subsequently contributed a special series of humorous articles to that paper, which were syndicated. He is the author of "Artie" (1896); "Pink Marsh" (1897); "Doc Horne" (1898); "Fables in Slang" (1899); "More Fables" (1900). He also wrote the following successful comic operas: "The Sultan of Sulu," "Peggy from Paris," "Yankee Consul" and "The County Chairman," a comedy.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Adler, Cyrus

​ADLER, Cyrus, educator, was born at Van Buren, Ark., Sept. 13, 1863. His parents removed to Philadelphia, Pa., in 1864, and there he attended the public schools. He entered the University of Pennsylvania in 1879, and was graduated in 1883. He afterwards pursued Oriental studies in Johns-Hopkins university, was appointed university scholar there in 1884, and was fellow in Semitic languages from 1885 to 1887, when he received the degree of Ph.D., and was appointed instructor in Semitic languages. He was promoted to be associate professor in 1890. In 1877 he was appointed assistant curator of the section of Oriental antiquities in the United States national museum, and had charge of an exhibit of biblical archæology at the centennial exposition of the Ohio valley in 1888. He was a commissioner for the world's Columbian exposition to the Orient in 1890, and he passed sixteen months in Turkey, Syria, Egypt, Tunis, Algiers, and Morocco securing exhibits. On Dec. 1, 1892, he was appointed librarian of the Smithsonian institution at Washington. He was made lecturer ​on biblical archaeology in the Jewish theological seminary in New York; president of the American Jewish historical society; U.S. delegate to a conference on an international catalogue of scientific literature in 1898, and honorary assistant curator of historic archæology and custodian of historic religions in the U.S. national museum. He was an editor of the "Jewish Encyclopedia" and wrote in collaboration with Allen Ramsay "Tales Told in a Coffee House" (1898); besides contributions to the Journal of the American Oriental Society; the Proceedings of the American Philological Association; the Andover Review; Hebraica; Johns Hopkins University Circular and numerous reviews.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Adler, Felix

​ADLER, Felix, author, was born in Alzey, Germany, Aug. 13, 1851, son of Samuel Adler, a prominent Hebrew rabbi. After his graduation from Columbia college, New York, in 1879 he studied at Berlin and later at the university of Heidelberg, which in 1873 conferred upon him the degree of Ph. D. Returning to America he entered Cornell university as professor of Hebrew and Oriental literature, occupying the chair from 1874 to 1876. In May of the latter year he founded the society for ethical culture in New York, which at once instituted a free kindergarten,—the first of its kind in America. He became professor of ethics in Columbia University in 1903, and was an editor of the National Journal of Ethics. Dr. Adler is the author of "Creed and Deed Discourses" (1877); "The Ethics of the Political Situation" (1884); and "The Moral Instruction of Children" (1892).
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Adler, Samuel

​ADLER, Samuel, clergyman, was born in Worms, Germany, Dec. 3, 1809, son of a Hebrew rabbi, and was trained by his father to follow in his footsteps. From his early childhood he was taught rabbinic literature, and when old enough he was sent to the rabbinic high school at Frankfort. After finishing his studies there he went to Bonn and Giessen, where he studied Oriental languages and philosophy for five years, leaving in 1836 to become a minister in Worms. In 1842 he removed to Alzey, as town and circuit rabbi. In the years 1844-'46 he attended the rabbi conventions held in Brunswick, Frankfort, and Breslau, and in 1856 removed to New York city, where, in 1857, his installation as rabbi of the Temple Emanu-El occurred. He was a highly-respected citizen of New York, keeping in touch with modern thought and progress, and accomplishing a vast amount of good. His son, Prof. Felix Adler, founded the society of ethical culture. Dr. Adler died in New York city, June 9, 1891.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Adler, George J.

​ADLER, George J., philologist, was born in Germany in 1821. In 1833 he came to America with his parents, who settled in New York city, where the boy attended the public schools and entered the university of the city of New York, from which he was graduated with honors at the age of twenty-three. Two years later he was made professor of German in that institution, which position he filled for eight years. He prepared a German-English dictionary, which was published in 1848, and a German grammar and other German text-books which followed, and which are acknowledged to be the best books yet published in America. He published in 1868 "Poetry of the Arabs in Spain," which he had delivered as a popular lecture; and the same year, "Wilhelm von Humboldt's Linguistic Studies," and a translation of Fauriel's "History of Provençal Poetry." His mind became impaired during the last years of his life, and he died at Bloomingdale asylum, New York city, Aug. 24, 1868.