OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Clarke, Charles (d.1750)

1904 Errata appended.
​CLARKE, CHARLES (d. 1750), judge, was the son of Alured Clarke of Godmanchester in Huntingdonshire, by his second wife Ann, fourth daughter of the Rev. Charles Trimnell, rector of Ripton-Abbotts in Huntingdonshire, and sister to bishop Trimnell of Winchester. He was placed at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, in 1719 under his brother, Dr. Alured Clarke [q. v.], then a fellow of that college. Without taking any degree, he entered as a student of Lincoln's Inn in 1717, was called to the bar in 1723, and gained in time a large and very lucrative practice, so that he became able to rebuild the family house at Godmanchester. In 1731 he was appointed recorder of Huntingdon, and represented the county in 1739. In the new parliament of 1741 he was elected for Whitechurch in Hampshire, but in its second session in Hilary term, 1743, was raised to the bench of the exchequer in place of Sir Thomas Abney (d. 1750) [q. v.], but was not knighted. At this time he was counsel to the admiralty, and auditor of Greenwich Hospital, in which post he was succeeded by Mr. Heneage Legge. On 17 May 1750 he died of a fever contracted ​through the number of the prisoners and the crowd present at Captain Clark’s trial for killing Captain Innes in a duel, at the celebrated ‘black sessions’ at the Old Bailey [see under Abney, Sir Thomas]. Clarke was buried at Godmanchester. He married, first, Anne, daughter of Dr. Thomas Greene, bishop of Ely, by whom he had a son Thomas, general and lieutenant-governor of Quebec in 1792; and secondly, Jane, daughter of Major Mullins of Winchester, by whom he had four sons [see Clarke, Sir Alured] and two daughters. His second wife survived him.
[Foss's Lives of the Judges; Gent. Mag. xx. 233, 236, and lxii. 1221; London Mag. May 1750.]
J. A. H.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.67 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Clarke, Charles (d.1840)

​CLARKE, CHARLES (d. 1840), antiquary, was appointed a clerk in the ordnance office at Chatham in 1783. Seven years later he was transferred to Gravesend, and in 1800 to Guernsey, where he remained until his retirement from the service in 1807 (Royal Kalendar). He died on 30 May 1840 in his eightieth year, and was buried in Old St. Pancras churchyard, London (inscription in Cansick's Epitaphs of St. Pancras, i. 128). Clarke was devoted to archæology, a branch of antiquities which he was well qualified to illustrate both by his pencil and pen. His youthful essays in the ‘Gentleman's Magazine,’ under the signatures of ‘Indagator’ and ‘Indagator Roffensis,’ obtained for him the friendship and the correspondence of the Rev. Samuel Denne, the Kentish antiquary (Nichols, Illustr. of Lit. vi. 610–57). In 1790 Denne communicated to the Society of Antiquaries, as an appendix to his own paper on ‘Stone Seats in the Chancels of Churches,’ some observations by Clarke on the same subject (Archæologia, x. 316–21). Three years afterwards Clarke returned the compliment by addressing to Denne his ‘Observations on Episcopal Chairs and Stone Seats; as also on Piscinas and other appendages to Altars still remaining in Chancels; with a Description of Chalk Church, in the Diocese of Rochester,’ which paper, with four plates from drawings by the author, was printed in ‘Archæologia,’ xi. 317–74. Clarke was elected F.S.A. on 7 April 1796. Other papers from his pen appeared in Britton's ‘Architectural Antiquities’ (vols. i. and iv.). He also revised and prefaced a work left by his near relative, William Oram, entitled ‘Precepts and Observations on the Art of Colouring in Landscape Painting,’ 4to, London, 1810. His other works are: 1. ‘Observations on the intended Tunnel beneath the river Thames, shewing the many defects in the present state of that projection,’ 4to, Gravesend, 1799. The project was that of Ralph Dodd, a well-known engineer, for a subway from Gravesend to Tilbury. Clarke had previously written on the subject in the ‘Gentleman's Magazine,’ vol. lxviii. pt. ii. pp. 565–7. 2. ‘Some Account of the Rise and Progress of Early English Architecture, with descriptional Remarks on the Churches of the Metropolis,’ ​prefixed to ‘Architectura Ecclesiastica Londini,’ a series of views by John Coney, George Shepherd, and other artists, of the churches of London, published in folio, 1819, and reissued with a new title-page the following year.
[Gent. Mag. new ser. xvii. 342; Smith's Bibliotheca Cantiana, pp. 153, 210, 211; Cruden's Gravesend, p. 459; Biog. Dict. of Living Authors, 1816.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Light, Edward

1904 Errata appended.
​LIGHT, EDWARD (1747–1832), professor of music and inventor of musical instruments, was in 1794 organist of Trinity Chapel (St. George's, Hanover Square), Conduit Street, London. He endeavoured with ephemeral success to introduce improvements in the harp and guitar. He died in 1832, at the age of eighty-five.
Light invented (1) the harp-guitar about 1798, an instrument resembling the pedal-harp, with neck and head not unlike the Spanish guitar. There are seven strings tuned like those of the English guitar, with the addition of the fiddle G (Busby). (2) The harp-lute, 1798, with twelve catgut strings, a larger instrument than No. 1, its neck resembling that of the pedal-harp. (3) The harp-lyre, 1816, differing from No. 2 in the shape of the body, which is flat at the back. (4) The British lute-harp, for which Light took out a patent 18 June 1816, a chromatic lute-harp, distinguished by certain pieces of mechanism called ditals, or thumb-keys, which when pressed raise the corresponding string one semitone. (5) The dital harp, which was similar to, if not identical with, the last invention. It is tuned like the pedal-harp, but the order of the strings is reversed, the bass being nearer the performer. The instrument is described by Dr. Busby as strong and sweet in tone, and ‘unquestionably, the pedal-harp excepted, the most eligible accompaniment to the human voice.’
Publications by Light include: 1. ‘A First Book on Music,’ London, 1794. 2. ‘The Musette,’ a collection of lessons and songs for the guitar, with instructions for playing, issued monthly about 1795. 3. ‘The Ladies' Amusement,’ a collection of lessons and songs for guitar, in six numbers, 1800 (?). 4. ‘Concise Instructions for Playing on the English Lute,’ 1800 (?). 5. ‘A New and Complete Directory to the Art of Playing on the British Lute-Harp,’ 1817. It contains a full-page engraving showing the attitude of a performer, and a list of suitable compositions.
[Cat. of the South Kensington Museum Collection of Musical Instruments, pp. 250, 327; Busby's Concert-Room Anecdotes, ii. 275; Grove's Dict. of Music, i. 449; Mendel's Musikalisches Conversations-Lexikon, iv. 529; Patent Office Specification, No. 4041.]
L. M. M.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.182 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 228 | i | 34 | Light, Edward: for (d. 1832?) read (1747-1832) |
| | | 40 | omit is said to have |
| | | 5 f.e. 18 | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ for harp-lute read lute-harp |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Liddell, Henry Thomas

​LIDDELL, HENRY THOMAS, first Earl of Ravensworth (1797–1878), born 10 March 1797, was eldest son of Sir Thomas Henry Liddell, sixth baronet (1775–1855), who was created Baron Ravensworth (of a second creation) 17 July 1821, by Maria Susannah, daughter and coheiress of John Simpson of Bradley. His father was a patron of George Stephenson, and rebuilt Ravensworth Castle in 1808 from designs by Nash. Other sons were General George Augustus Liddell, a groom-in-waiting to the queen, and deputy-ranger of Windsor Great Park; and Sir Adolphus Freak Octavius Liddell (1818–1885), who was appointed permanent under-secretary of state for the home department by Lord Derby in 1867. A son of Henry George Liddell, rector of Easington (the first baron's brother), was Henry George Liddell, D.D., dean of Christchurch. The first baron's father, Sir Henry St. George Liddell (1749–1791), made an eccentric journey to Lapland in 1786, probably in consequence of a wager, of which an account, with plates by Bewick, was published in 1789 by Matthew Consett, one of his companions.
Henry Thomas Liddell was educated at Eton and at St. John's College, Cambridge, where, though he did not graduate, he became a good classical scholar. In February 1826 he unsuccessfully contested the county of Northumberland in the tory interest. At the general election in June of the same year, after a poll of fifteen days, in which great sums of money were spent, Liddell and Matthew Bell were returned. He represented North Durham from 1837 to 1847. In 1852 he unsuccessfully contested South Shields, and from 1853 until 7 March 1855, when on the death of his father he succeeded to the peerage, he sat for Liverpool. On 21 Nov. 1826 he moved the address in the House of Commons, and frequently spoke on the tory side. Though he voted for the relief of Roman catholic disabilities, he steadily from 1829 opposed the Reform movement, and he strongly disapproved of the disestablishment of the Irish church. On 2 April 1874 he was created Earl of Ravensworth and Baron Eslington. He died suddenly at Ravensworth Castle on 19 March 1878. He married, on 8 Nov. 1820, Isabella Horatia (d. 1856), eldest daughter of Lord George Seymour, and by her had five sons and eight daughters, of whom the eldest, Henry George, second and present earl of Ravensworth, succeeded him.
Ravensworth was very popular in Northumberland, although in later life he found himself out of sympathy with the contemporary developments of conservatism.
He published in addition to speeches: 1. ‘The Wizard of the North, and other Poems,’ Edinburgh, 1833, 8vo. 2. ‘The Odes of Horace,’ London, 1858, 8vo; a translation into English verse. 3. ‘Carmina,’ London, 1865, 4to; a number of Latin poems, including translations of popular English lyrics. 4. ‘Virgil's Æneid, Books vii to xii,’ London, 1872, 8vo; a translation undertaken in conjunction with Mr. G. K. Richards, who had translated the first six books. 5. ‘Poems,’ Newcastle, 1877, 8vo.
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Liddiard, William

​LIDDIARD, WILLIAM (1773–1841), miscellaneous writer, born in July 1773, was the son of the Rev. William Stratton Liddiard of Rockley House, Ogbourn St. George, Wiltshire, by Jane, sister of Lord Craven. He matriculated at Oxford from University College on 27 Feb. 1792 (Foster, Alumni Oxon. 1715–1886, iii. 851), but quitted the university to become, on 31 May 1794, a lieutenant in the 111th regiment of foot, or loyal Birmingham volunteers (Army List, 1795, p. 216). He afterwards exchanged into the 54th, or West Norfolk regiment of foot, attained the rank of captain on 6 Sept. 1795, and left the army in 1796 (ib. 1796, pp. 208, 600). In 1803 he graduated B.A. at Trinity College, Dublin, and was ordained. On the recommendation of the Duke of Bedford he was appointed chaplain to Charles, fourth duke of Richmond, when lord-lieutenant of Ireland, who preferred him to the rectory of Knockmark, co. Meath. Liddiard, who was a good artist and musician, died at Clifton, Gloucestershire, on 11 Oct. 1841. By his first wife, I. S. Anna, daughter of Sir Henry Wilkinson, he had a son, to whom he was allowed to resign the rectory of Knockmark; by his second wife, Mary Ann, third daughter of John Tirel Morin of Weedon Lodge, Buckinghamshire, he had a daughter.
He wrote:
* ‘The Life-boat, or Dillon O'Dwire, a Poem,’ 8vo, Dublin, 1815.
* ‘Mont St. Jean, a Poem,’ with notes, 8vo, Dublin, 1816.
* ‘The Legend of Einsidlin, a Tale of Switzerland,’ 8vo, London, 1829.
* ‘A Three Months' Tour in Switzerland and France,’ &c., 8vo, London, 1832.
* ‘Retrospection … the Lord of the Valley, and other Poems,’ 12mo, London, 1841.
Mrs. I. S. Anna Liddiard wrote:
* ‘Poems,’ 8vo, Dublin, 1810.
* ‘The Sgelaighe, or a Tale of old, with a second edition of Poems, published in Dublin, with additions,’ 8vo, Bath (printed), London, 1811.
* ‘Kenilworth: a Mask,’ with other verses, 8vo, London, 1815.
* ‘Theodore and Laura; or Evening after the Battle, a Tale (in verse).
With an Ode on the year 1815,’ in her husband's ‘Mont St. Jean,’ 1816.
[Gent. Mag. 1841, pt. ii. p. 659; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Liddell, John

​LIDDELL, Sir JOHN (1794–1868), director-general of the medical department of the royal navy, was born at Dunblane, Scotland, in 1794. He graduated M.D. at Edinburgh University, and became L.R.C.S. in 1821. In 1812 he entered the navy as assistant surgeon, where during the French and Greek wars he saw much service. About 1827 he became director of the hospital at Malta, where he remained for many years. In 1831 he attended Sir Walter Scott, who touched there in the Barham (Lockhart, Scott, pp. 735–6). In 1844 he was promoted inspector of fleets and hospitals, and was afterwards deputy inspector-general of the Haslar Hospital and inspector-general of the Royal Hospital at Greenwich. In 1848 he was knighted, in 1850 was made C.B., and on 9 Feb. 1864 K.C.B. In 1859 he became honorary physician to the queen. In 1854 Liddell was appointed director-general of the medical department of the royal navy, and held the appointment throughout the Crimean war, retiring in 1864. Liddell died at 72 Chester Square, London, on 28 May 1868. He married in 1837 Fanny, second daughter of Robert Clement Sconce. Liddell was F.R.S. (18 June 1846), and held several foreign orders. A journal which he kept at Malta received the Blane medal, but does not seem to have been published.
[Lancet, Brit. Med. Journal, and Illustr. London News, 6 June 1868; Navy Lists; Med. Directories.]
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fitzcharles, Charles

​FITZCHARLES, CHARLES, Earl of Plymouth (1657?–1680), born in or about 1657, was the illegitimate son of Charles II, by Catherine, daughter of Thomas Pegge of Yeldersley, Derbyshire. 'In the time of his youth,' writes the courtly Dugdale, 'giving much testimony of his singular accomplishments,' he was elevated to the peerage, 28 July 1675, as Baron of Dartmouth, Viscount Totness, and Earl of Plymouth, 'to the end he might be the more encouraged to persist in the paths of virtue, and thereby be the better fitted for the managery of great affairs when he should attain to riper years' (Baronage, iii. 487). He married on 19 Sept. 1678 at Wimbledon, Surrey, Lady Bridget Osborne, third daughter of Thomas, first duke of Leeds, but died without issue at Tangier on 17 Oct. 1680, aged 23, and was buried on 18 Jan. 1680-1 in Westminster Abbey (Chester, Registers of Westminster Abbey, p. 201). His wife remarried, about August 1706, Philip Bisse, bishop of Hereford, and died on 9 May 1718 (Hist. Reg. 1718, Chron. Diary, p. 21; Political State, xv. 553). According to Wood (Fasti Oxon. ed. Bliss, ii. 270) he was commonly called 'Don Carlos.'
[Authorities as above.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fitzclarence, Adolphus

​FITZCLARENCE, Lord ADOLPHUS (1802–1856), rear-admiral, an illegitimate son of William IV, by Mrs. Jordan, entered the navy in 1814, on board the Impregnable, bearing the flag of his father, then Duke of Clarence. Afterwards he served in the Mediterranean, on the North American station, or the coast of Portugal, and was promoted to be lieutenant in April 1821. In May 1823 he was made commander, and captain in December 1824. In 1826 he commanded the Ariadne in the Mediterranean, in 1827 the Challenger, in 1828 the Pallas, and in July 1830 was appointed to the command of the royal yacht, which he retained till promoted to flag rank, 17 Sept. 1853. He died 17 May 1856. On his father's accession to the throne he was granted, 24 May 1831, the title and precedency of the younger son of a marquis, and 24 Feb. 1832 was nominated a G.C.H.
[O'Byrne's Naval Biog. Dict.; Foster's Peerage, s.n. 'Munster.']
J. K. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fitzalan, William

​FITZALAN, WILLIAM (d. 1160), rebel, was the son and heir of Alan Fitzflaald, by Aveline or Adeline, sister of Ernulf de Hesding (Eyton, Shropshire, vii. 222-3). His younger brother, Walter Fitzalan (d. 1177), was 'the undoubted ancestor of the royal house of Stuart' (ib.) His father had received from Henry I, about the beginning of his reign, extensive fiefs in Shropshire and Norfolk. William was born about 1105 and succeeded his father about 1114 (ib. pp. 222, 232). His first appearance is as a witness to Stephen's charter to Shrewsbury Abbey (Monasticon, iii. 519) in 1136. He is found acting as castellan of Shrewsbury and sheriff of Shropshire in 1138, when he joined in the revolt against Stephen, being married to a niece of the Earl of Gloucester (Ord. Vit. v. 112-13). After resisting the king's attack for a month, he fled with his family (August 1138), leaving the castle to be defended by his uncle Ernulf, who, on his surrender, was hanged by the king (ib.; Cont. Flor. Wig. ii. 110). He is next found with the empress at Oxford in the summer of 1141 (Eyton, vii. 287), and shortly after at the siege of Winchester (Gesta, p. 80). He again appears in attendance on her at Devizes, witnessing the charter addressed to himself by which she grants Aston to Shrewsbury Abbey (Eyton, ix. 58). It was probably between 1130 and 1138 that he founded Haughmond Abbey (ib. 286-7). In June 1153 he is found with Henry, then duke of Normandy, at Leicester (ib. p. 288). With the accession of Henry as king he regained his paternal fief on the fall of Hugh de Mortimer in July 1155. He is found at Bridgnorth with the king at that time, and on 25 July received from his feudal tenants a renewal of their homage (ib. i. 250-1, vii. 236-7, 288). His first wife, Christiana, being now dead, he received from Henry the hand of Isabel de Say, heiress of the barony of Clun (ib. vii. 237), together with the shrievalty of Shropshire, which he retained till his death (Pipe Rolls, 2-6 Hen. II) which took place in 1160, about Easter (ib. 6 Hen. II, p. 27). Among his benefactions he granted Wroxeter Church to Haughmond in 1155 (Eyton, vii. 311-12), and, though not the founder of Wombridge Priory, sanctioned its foundation (ib. p. 363). He was succeeded by William Fitzalan the second, his son and heir by his second wife. By his first he left a daughter, Christiana, wife of Hugh Pantulf.
[Ordericus Vitalis (Societe de l'Histoire de France); Gesta Stephani (Rolls Ser.); Florence of Worcester (Engl. Hist Soc.); Monasticon Anglicanum, new ed.; Pipe Rolls (Record Commission and Pipe Roll Soc.); Eyton's Hist. of Shropshire.]
J. H. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fitzgeffrey, Henry

​FITZGEFFREY, HENRY (fl. 1617), writer of satires and epigrams, is commonly assumed to have been a son of Charles Fitzgeffrey [q. v.], but no evidence in support of the conjecture has been adduced. A Henry Fitz-Jeffrey, who is on the list of Westminster scholars elected to Cambridge in 1611 (Welch, Alumni Westmonast. p. 81), may, or may not, be the satirist. In 1617 appeared 'Certain Elegies, done by Sundrie excellent Wits. With Satyres and Epigrames,' 8vo; 2nd edition, 1618; 3rd edition, 1620; 4th edition, undated. The elegies are by F[rancis] B[eaumont], N[athaniel ?] H[ooke?], and M[ichael] D[rayton]. They are followed by 'The Author in Praise of his own Booke,' four lines; and 'Of his deare Friend the Author H. F.,' eight lines, signed 'Nath. Gvrlyn,' to which is appended 'The Author's Answer.' In the first satire there are some curious notices of popular fugitive tracts. After the second satire is a copy of commendatory verses by J. Stephens. Then follows 'The Second Booke: of Satyricall ​Epigram's,' with a dedication 'To his True Friend Tho: Fletcher of Lincoln's Inn, Gent.;' and at the end of the epigrams is another copy of commendatory verses by Stephens. 'The Third Booke of Humours: Intituled Notes from Black-Fryers,' opens with an epigram 'To his Lou : Chamber-Fellow and nearest Friend Nat. Gvrlin of Lincolnes-Inn, Gent.' The notes are followed by some more verses of Stephens, the epilogue 'The Author for Himselfe,' and finally a verse 'Post-script to his Book-binder.' Twelve copies of the little volume were reprinted, from the edition of 1620, for E. V. Utterson at the Beldornie Press in 1843.
[Corser's Collectanea Anglo-Poetica, pt. vi. pp. 356–60; Wood's Athenæ Oxon. ed. Bliss, ii. 608.]
A. H. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/D'Oyly, Samuel

​D'OYLY, SAMUEL (d. 1748), translator, was the son of Charles D'Oyly of Westminster, who was the fourth and youngest son of Sir William D'Oyly, bart., of Shottisham, Norfolk. He was generally thought to have been a supposititious child; it is certainly remarkable that in the account of D'Oyly of Shottisham, which he drew up for Thomas Wotton in 1729, he mentions the father he claimed, but omits to notice either himself or his mother (Addit. MS. 24120, ff. 264–269). He was, however, acknowledged when a boy by the D'Oyly family. Admitted on the foundation of Westminster in 1697, he entered Trinity College, Cambridge, as a pensioner 5 June 1700, took his B.A. degree in 1703, and proceeded M.A. in 1707. He became a fellow of his college, but did not take orders immediately. On the death of his cousin, Lady Astley, in August 1700, he had succeeded by right to the family manor of Cosford Hall in the parish of Whatfield, Suffolk; his claim, however, was resisted by Thomas Manning, the mortgagee, who afterwards challenged him to prove his legitimacy. An amicable arrangement was come to in 1707. Soon after this D'Oyly was ordained. In November 1710 he was presented by Sprat, bishop of Rochester, to the vicarage of St. Nicholas, Rochester, which he held until his death. He published ‘Christian Eloquence in Theory and Practice. Made English from the French original’ (of Blaise Gisbert), pp. 435, 8vo, London, 1718. He also joined his neighbour, the Rev. John Colston, F.R.S., vicar of Chalk, in a translation, ‘with remarks,’ of Calmet's ‘Dictionnaire de la Bible,’ which appeared in three handsome folio volumes, London, 1732. D'Oyly died at Rochester in the beginning of May 1748, aged about sixty-eight, leaving no issue by his wife Frances, and was buried near the west door of the cathedral without any inscription to his memory (Hasted, Kent, fol. edit., ii. 51). His will, dated 18 Jan. 1745, was proved 16 May 1748 (Reg. in P. C. C. 145, Strahan). His widow, Frances, to whom he was certainly married before 1732, survived him many years, and lived at Rochester till her death in 1780. Her will, bearing date 12 April 1774, was proved 30 May 1780 (Reg. in P. C. C. 249, Collins). Therein she requests burial beside her husband in Rochester Cathedral. D'Oyly is represented as a man of taste and learning. Archbishop Herring, when dean of Rochester, became acquainted with him through his friend William Duncombe (brother of D'Oyly's sister-in-law), and in his letters to that gentleman alludes to Mr. D'Oyly's society as very agreeable, and speaks of his death with regret (Letters from Archbishop Herring to W. Duncombe, pp. 32, 113–114). There is also mention of him in Atterbury's ‘Correspondence’ (ed. 1789–98, ii. 128). His library was bought by John Whiston, a bookseller in Fleet Street. In person he was so corpulent that in 1741 he was unable to do his duty as chaplain to the army, then in Flanders, as no horse could carry him (Nichols, Literary Anecdotes, i. 145).
G. G.