OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The beggar girl/The Beggar Girl

The Beggar Girl.
Over the mountain, and over the moor, hungry and barefoot I wander forlorn; My father is dead, and my mother is poor, and she grieves for the days that will never return.
Pity kind gentlemen, friends of humanity, cold blows the wind and the night's coming on Give me some food for my mother in charity, give me some food and then I will begone.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Davies, Herbert

​DAVIES, HERBERT, M.D. (1818–1885), physician, son of Dr. Thomas Davies [q. v.], was born in London 30 Sept. 1818. After education at North End House School, Hampstead, he obtained a scholarship at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, in 1838, but migrated to Queens', and graduated B.A. as thirty-first wrangler in 1842. In 1843 he took the degree of M.B., was elected a fellow of Queens' College in 1844, and graduated M.D. in 1848, his thesis being ‘On the Origin of Gout.’ During these years he studied medicine at Paris and Vienna as well as in London, and was on 5 Aug. 1845 elected assistant-physician to the London Hospital. In 1850 he was elected a fellow of the College of Physicians, and in 1854 physician to the London Hospital, an office which he held for twenty years. He lectured in the medical school of that hospital first on materia medica, and afterwards on medicine, and he discharged at Cambridge the duties of examiner for medical degrees and of assessor to the regius professor of physic. He married Miss Wyatt on 24 Aug. 1850. They had seven children, and his second son graduated in medicine at Cambridge. Davies lived in Finsbury Square, London, was physician to the Bank of England, and had a considerable practice in the city. He had the merit of continuing to study his profession throughout life, while his kindly disposition and the entire absence of self-seeking which was observable in his conduct caused him to be liked as well as respected by his medical contemporaries. He contributed to the advance of medical anatomy by his observations on the relative magnitude of the areas of the four orifices of the heart, and may also claim to have improved medical treatment by his advocacy of the use of blisters to the swollen joints in acute rheumatism, a treatment in part superseded by the discovery of salicylate of soda, but still used with advantage in certain cases.
Besides several papers in the ‘London Hospital Reports’ and in the ‘Transactions of the Pathological Society,’ he published a useful manual entitled ‘Lectures on the Physical Diagnosis of the Diseases of the Lungs and Heart,’ London, 1851, which reached a second edition in 1854, and was translated into German and Dutch; and ‘On the Treatment of Rheumatic Fever in its Acute Stage, exclusively by free Blistering,’ London, 1864. His papers on the form and areas of the heart's orifices are in the ‘Proceedings of the Royal Society,’ 1870 and 1872.
He died at Hampstead 4 Jan. 1885, and is buried in the cemetery there.
[Information from family; personal knowledge; Luard's Graduati Cantab.]
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Davies, Hugh

​DAVIES, HUGH (1739?–1821), botanist, was born in Anglesey, and having been educated at Peterhouse, Cambridge, took orders and became rector of Aber in Carnarvonshire. In 1790 the second edition of Pennant's ‘Indian Zoology’ was published, all of which, except the insects, was edited by Davies. A folio edition of this work, under the title ‘Faunula Indica,’ appeared in 1795. In 1790 Davies became a fellow of the Linnean Society, and he contributed Welsh plants to Hudson's ‘Flora Anglica,’ Smith's ‘Flora Britannica,’ and to ‘English Botany.’ In 1792 he spent some time in London with his friend Hudson; and he seems to have devoted considerable attention to cryptogamic plants, contributing a paper on ‘Four British Lichens’ to the second volume of the Linnean Society's ‘Transactions.’ Previous to 1813, ‘a constitutional nervous sensibility’ having rendered him unequal to the duties of his profession (Preface, Welsh Botanology), he retired to Beaumaris and devoted himself to the preparation of a catalogue of Anglesey plants, and of the ‘British,’ i.e. Welsh, names of plants. This appeared as ‘Welsh Botanology,’ 8vo, pp. xvi and 255, in 1813, dealing with both flowering and cryptogamic plants. It is largely quoted by De Candolle in his ‘Géographie Botanique.’ Davies died 16 Feb. 1821. His herbarium is now in the British Museum, and his services to botany were commemorated by Smith in the genus Daviesia.
G. S. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Davies, James

​DAVIES, JAMES (1820–1883), classical scholar, was born in Herefordshire 20 May 1820. His name was originally Banks, which he changed to Davies upon succeeding to property in Herefordshire in 1858. He was a scholar of Lincoln College, Oxford, and after taking his degree successively held an incumbency in the Forest of Dean and the head-mastership of Ludlow grammar school; he was also diocesan inspector of schools. After coming into possession of landed property he resided on his estate at Moor Court, near Kington, where he combined the functions of squire, clergyman, and banker, becoming a partner in his brother's bank and erecting a church in his own grounds for the convenience of his neighbours, for whom the parish church was too remote. His time, however, was principally devoted to literature, especially the pursuits of classical scholarship. For many years he wrote the majority of the classical articles in the ‘Saturday Review,’ and he was the author of a very remarkable essay on ‘Epigrams’ in the ‘Quarterly Review’ for January 1865. In 1860 he had published a metrical translation of the Fables of Babrius, from the text of his intimate friend Sir George Cornewall Lewis. This version included the apocryphal second part, the spuriousness of which was not then generally recognised. He also translated Hesiod, Theognis, and Callimachus into prose for Bohn's Classical Library, and in 1873 and 1876 wrote volumes on Hesiod and Theognis, and on Catullus, Tibullus, and Propertius, for Collins's ‘Ancient Classics for English Readers.’ A volume of original verse entitled ‘Nugæ’ was published in 1854. Davies was also an authority on architecture, archæology, topography, and horticulture. He revised several of Murray's Guides for the press, and contributed to the ‘Quarterly’ some delightful articles on English topography, and (July 1876) a very valuable one on ‘Ornamental and Useful Tree Planting.’ Davies was one of the most genial and urbane of men, esteemed and beloved by all who knew him, and especially valued and lamented in his own locality. He died after a prolonged decline of health on 11 March 1883.
R. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Davies, John Scarlett

Surname Davis in the ODNB.
​DAVIES or DAVIS, JOHN SCARLETT (fl. 1841), painter, was the son of a shoemaker at Hereford. He went early to France, studied in the Louvre, and was of great promise. In 1825 he made his first contribution to the Royal Academy, ‘My Den.’ In 1830 he sent ‘Interior of a Library.’ He then returned to the continent. In 1834 he painted an interior from the gallery at Florence, as well as a successful interior from the Louvre. In 1841 he was at Amsterdam, and sent to the academy ‘Jack, after a successful Cruise, visiting his old Comrades at Greenwich.’ He lithographed and published twelve heads from studies by Rubens; and in 1832 some views of Bolton Abbey, drawn from nature on the stone. In 1831 he had a commission from Lord Farnborough to paint an interior of the Vatican and of the Escurial. He last exhibited in London in 1844. ‘He married,’ Redgrave says, ‘early in life, became drunken, and of demoralised habits, got into prison, and died before the age of thirty.’ The ​last statement is impossible, since he is known to have been exhibiting in London for nineteen years. When he first exhibited, in 1825, he seems to have appeared in the catalogues of the Academy and Suffolk Street as ‘J. S. Davis.’ In later years he appears in the catalogues of the Academy, of the British Instution, and of Suffolk Street as ‘John Scarlett Davies.’ A water-colour drawing of Porte St. Martin, Paris, is at the South Kensington Museum.
E. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Davies, Jonathan

​DAVIES, JONATHAN (1736–1809), provost of Eton, was born in 1736, of obscure parentage. He was educated by the favour of Edward Barnard [q. v.] at Eton, and under the same protection proceeded in 1755 to King's College, Cambridge, where he took the degree of B.A. in 1760 and that of M.A. in 1763. Subsequently he returned to Eton as assistant-master, and on the resignation of Dr. Foster in 1773 was appointed headmaster. The following year he became rector of Scaldwell in Northamptonshire, and in 1781, on the death of his old friend Provost Barnard, he was made a canon of Windsor. This preferment he resigned in 1791, on being appointed to succeed Dr. Roberts as provost of Eton. He died on 5 Dec. 1809, and was buried at Eton.
In his will he remembered the places of his education. To Eton College, besides a provision for task and declamation prizes, he bequeathed an exhibition for a superannuated Eton scholar. He left 1,000l. to found a classical scholarship in the university of Cambridge, like the Craven scholarship, the benefits of which he had himself once enjoyed. At the first examination for this scholarship in 1810 the prize was won by John Patteson of King's, who became an eminent judge. The provost also left 2,000l. to King's College, Cambridge, in augmentation of a fund for the purchase of advowsons.
R. H.
# The World Factbook (1982)/Kiribati
## KIRIBATI (formerly Gilbert Islands)KIRIBATI(formerly Gilbert Islands)

* (See reference map X)

### LANDLAND

About 690 km$^2$

### WATERWATER

Limits of territorial waters: 3 nm (fishing 200 nm)
Coastline: about 1,143 km

### PEOPLEPEOPLE

Population: 59,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 1.1%
Nationality: noun—Kiribatian(s); adjective—Kiribati
Ethnic divisions: Micronesian
Religion: Catholic
Literacy: adult literacy ratio 90%
Labor force: 15,921 (1973); general unemployment rate 4.9%

### GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT

Official name: Republic of Kiribati
Type: republic; became independent 12 July 1979
Capital: Tarawa
Branches: 35-member parliament, nationally elected President
Government leader: President Ieremia TABAI
Political parties and leaders: Gilbertese National Party, Christian Democratic Party
Member of: ADB, GATT (de facto)

### ECONOMYECONOMY

GDP: $36.0 million (1979 est.), $630 per capita
Agriculture: copra, subsistence crops of vegetables, supplemented by domestic fishing
Industry: phosphate production, which as of May 1979 was expected to cease in mid-1979
Electric power: 2,000 kW capacity (1981); 6 million kWh produced (1981), 104 kWh per capita
​Exports: $21.2 million (1978); 88% phosphate, 11.6% copra
Imports: $18.4 million (1978); foodstuffs, fuel, transportation equipment
Aid: Western (non-US) commitments (ODA; 1979), $46.0 million; Australia (1980-83), $8.1 million committed
Budget: $15.2 million (1979)
Monetary conversion rate: 0.90 Australian$=US$1

### COMMUNICATIONSCOMMUNICATIONS

Railroads: none
Highways: 483 km of motorable roads
Inland waterways: small network of canals, totaling 5 km, in Northern Line Islands
Ports: 3 minor
Civil air: 2 Trislanders, however, no major transport aircraft
Telecommunications: 1 AM broadcast station; 866 telephones (4.3 per 100 popl.)
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Felton, William (1713-1769)

​FELTON, WILLIAM (1713–1769), composer, B.A. St. John's, Cambridge, 1738, M.A. 1745, was vicar-choral in the choir of Hereford 1741, custos of the vicars-choral 1769, and chaplain to the Princess Dowager of Wales (Augusta of Saxe-Gotha). At a period when, according to Burney, players of the harpsichord had but little choice of good music, several out of Felton's three sets of six concertos for organ or harpsichord and of his eight suits of easy lessons became the ‘pride of every incipient player in town and country.’ Felton's ground (or gavotte), indeed, had attained great popularity; it was introduced in Ciampi's opera ‘Bertoldo’ in 1672, but ‘was become too common and vulgar for an opera audience.’ The concertos were modelled on those of Handel, whom the amateur held in great admiration. Burney relates that Handel was asked, while in the barber's hands, to allow the mention of his name in the list of subscribers to Felton's ‘Second Set.’ He started up in a fury, and, ​with his face still in a lather, cried with great vehemence: ‘Tamn yourseluf and go to der teiffel—a barson make concerto! why he no make sarmon!’ and Brown, the leader of the queen's band, who had had the temerity to prefer the modest request, fled from Handel's presence. No record, in fact, appears of sermons by the composer Felton, but, besides writing for the harpsichord and other instruments, on which he was a skilled performer, he is said to have composed the glee ‘Fill, fill, fill the glass,’ and to have acted as steward at the Three Choir Festivals of Hereford, 1744, and Gloucester, 1745. He died 6 Dec. 1769, and was buried in Hereford Cathedral.
[Grove's Dict. i. 511; Cambridge Graduates, 1659–1823, p. 166; Havergal's Fasti Herefordenses, 1869, p. 99; Gent. Mag. xxxix. 608; Burney's Hist. 1789, iv. 664; Account of Performances, 1785, p. 32 a; Duncumb's Hist. of Herefordshire, 1804, i. 561; London daily papers, December 1769; Felton's Musical Works in Brit. Mus. Library.]
L. M. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fenn, Eleanor

​FENN, ELEANOR, Lady (1743–1813), author. [See under Fenn, Sir John.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fenn, Joseph Finch

​FENN, JOSEPH FINCH (1820–1884), honorary canon of Gloucester, son of the Rev. Joseph Fenn, minister of Blackheath Park Chapel, Kent, was born in 1820, and educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. 1842, M.A. 1845, and B.D. 1877. He was ordained a deacon in 1845, and priest in the following year. In 1844 he had gained a fellowship of his college, which he held until 1847, when, on accepting the vicarage of Stotfold, Bedfordshire, he resigned. In 1860 he was appointed by the trustees to the perpetual curacy of Christ Church, Cheltenham, on the resignation of Archibald Boyd [q. v.]; in 1877 he became chaplain to the Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol, and in 1879 an honorary canon of Gloucester; and in 1880 he was elected one of the two proctors in convocation for the united diocese.
Though a good scholar and of very extensive reading, Fenn published little, devoting himself to his parochial duties, including the careful preparation of his sermons. Some of these, forming a volume entitled ‘Lenten Teachings, 1877–84,’ have been published since his death. He kept clear of the controversies dividing the church of England. He took an active share in all movements for the improvement of the young, and was the eloquent promoter of the free library system in Cheltenham. During the latter years of his life he was a strong adherent to the cause of total abstinence. He was generally regarded as an evangelical, but was not a party man. He supported the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel as heartily as the Church Missionary Society, and had a leaning to the old high church section. He declined an offer of the benefice of St. Mary Redcliffe, Bristol, in 1877, in compliance with the wishes of the Christ Church congregation. The church of St. Stephen, Tivoli, in the district of Christ Church, was erected mainly by his exertions to meet the wants of an increasing population, and he contributed liberally towards the undertaking. He was twice married, and has left issue. He died on 22 July 1884, and was buried in his family vault in the churchyard of Leckhampton, near Cheltenham. A large memorial brass has been erected in Christ Church.
B. H. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fenn, James

​FENN, JAMES (d. 1584), catholic priest, born at Montacute, near Wells, Somersetshire, became a chorister of New College, Oxford, and afterwards was elected a scholar of Corpus Christi College 31 July 1554, and a fellow of that society 26 Nov. 1558. He was admitted B.A. 22 Nov. 1559, but was ‘put aside’ from that degree and from his place in the college on account of his refusal to take the oath of supremacy (Boase, Register of the Univ. of Oxford, p. 240). Then he settled in Gloucester Hall, where he had several pupils. On being forced to leave Oxford he acted as tutor to the sons of a gentleman in his native county, where he married and had two children. After the death of his wife he became steward to Sir Nicholas Pointz, a catholic gentleman. He arrived at the English College at Rheims on 5 June 1579, was ordained priest at Châlons-sur-Marne on 1 April 1580, and was sent back to labour on the mission in Somersetshire. He was soon apprehended, and although not yet known to be a priest he was loaded with irons. The council ordered him to be brought to London, and after being examined by Secretary Walsingham he was committed to the Marshalsea, where he remained in captivity for two years. His sacerdotal character having been at last discovered, he was brought to trial, and condemned to death on account of his priesthood. He was executed at Tyburn on 12 Feb. 1583–4, together with four other priests.
Two of his brothers were priests, viz. Robert Fenn, B.C.L., who was ejected from his fellowship at New College, Oxford, in 1562, and of whom Bridgewater says that ‘ob Catholicæ veritatis testimonium, exilium, carceres, vincula, et cruciatus immanes constantissimè perpessus est,’ and John Fenn [q. v.]
[Bridgewater's Concertatio Ecclesiæ Catholicæ, pp. 143, 410; Challoner's Missionary Priests (1741), i. 144; Dodd's Church Hist. ii. 98; Douay Diaries, pp. 9, 27, 153, 161–4, 261, 291, 422; Historia del glorioso Martirio di diciotto Sacerdoti (Macerata), 1585, p. 208; Oliver's Catholic Religion in Cornwall, p. 301; Sanders's Rise and Growth of the Anglican Schism (Lewis), pp. 319, 371; Stow's Annales (1615), p. 698; Wood's Athenæ Oxon. (Bliss), ii. 113; Yepes, Historia de la Persecucion en Inglaterra, p. 498.]
T. C.
# The poetical works of Thomas Campbell/Exile of Erin

EXILE OF ERIN.
# The poetical works of Thomas Campbell/Lines written on Visiting a Scene in Argyleshire

LINES
WRITTEN ON VISITING A SCENE IN ARGYLESHIRE.
# The poetical works of Thomas Campbell/Lines on Revisiting Cathcart

LINES
ON REVISITING CATHCART.
# The poetical works of Thomas Campbell/Lord Ullin's Daughter

LORD ULLIN'S DAUGHTER.
# The poetical works of Thomas Campbell/Ode to the Memory of Burns

ODE TO THE MEMORY OF BURNS.
# The poetical works of Thomas Campbell/Glenara

GLENARA.
# The poetical works of Thomas Campbell/Hohenlinden

HOHENLINDEN.
# The poetical works of Thomas Campbell/Lines on the Departure of Emigrants for New South Wales

LINES
ON THE DEPARTURE OF EMIGRANTS FOR NEW SOUTH WALES.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Newton, William (1750-1830)

​NEWTON, WILLIAM (1750–1830), the Peak Minstrel, born on 28 Nov. 1750, near Abney, in the parish of Eyam, Derbyshire, was son of a carpenter, and, after attending a dame's school, worked at that trade. He soon showed mechanical skill in constructing spinning-wheels, and was articled for seven years as machinery carpenter in a mill in Monsal-dale. With his spare means he purchased books, chiefly poetry, and his own efforts in verse were soon noticed by Peter Cunningham (d. 1805) [q. v.], then acting as curate to Thomas Seward at Eyam. In the summer of 1783 Newton was introduced to Anna Seward [q. v.], who corresponded with him until her death. She showed his verses to William Hayley [q. v.] and other literary friends, who formed a high estimate of them. Beyond a sonnet to Miss Seward (Gent. Mag. 1789, pt. i. p. 71), verses to Peter Cunningham (ib. 1785, pt. ii. p. 212), and others in a Sheffield newspaper, few seemed to have survived. Sonnets were addressed to Newton by Peter Cunningham (ib. 1787, pt. ii. p. 624), by Miss Seward (ib. 1789, pt. i. p. 71), and by one Lister (Seward, Letters, ii. 171); while Miss Seward also wrote an ‘Epistle to Mr. Newton, the Derbyshire Minstrel, on receiving his description in verse of an autumnal scene near Eyam,’ September 1791 (Poetical Works, ii. 22). Miss Seward finally helped him to become partner in a cotton mill in Cressbrook-dale, and he thus realised a fortune. He died on 3 Nov. 1830 at Tideswell, Derbyshire, and is buried there. Newton married early in life Helen Cook (1753–1830), by whom he had several children. His eldest son, William (1785–1851), supplied Tideswell with good water at his own expense.
C. F. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Niall (d.1061)

​NIALL (d. 1061), king of Ailech, was the younger of the two sons of Maelsechlainn, heir of Ailech, who died in 996, and whose father, Maelruanaidh, slain in 941, and grandfather, Flann, who died in 901, were both in the direct line of succession to the kingship of the north, and were all called ridamhna without ever becoming kings. He raised the tribe known as the Ciannachta of Glengiven, co. Derry, against his brother Lochlainn, who was killed in the battle, and then reigned as king of Ailech. His next war was in 1031 with the Cinel Eoghain. He marched as far as Tullahoge, co. Tyrone, but had to retire without plunder. In 1044 he made a foray into the district of Cuailgne, co. Louth, and carried off twelve hundred cows and many captives. This was a punitive expedition in revenge for the violation of an oath sworn upon the bell of St. Patrick's will. The bell, with an ornate cover or shrine made early in the following century, was preserved by a tribe of hereditary keepers under Niall's protection, and he was thus bound to revenge the insult to its sanctity. In the same cause he made an expedition into Morne, co. Monaghan. He invaded the plain south of the Boyne in 1048, and in 1056 attacked the southern part of Ulidia or Lesser Ulster, now co. Down, and carried off two thousand cows and sixty prisoners. He died in 1061.
N. M.