OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Ashe, Mrs

Ashe, Mrs., wife to the preceding, was a good singer, and for some years sang at the oratorios and other public concerts.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Asaph

Asaph. A musician of the tribe of Levi, in the age of David. Twelve psalms bear his name, but it is not generally thought he composed them. Probably he set them to music, or some of his descendants did, and called them by his name. Kings had their particular music and music masters; and Asaph was King David's music master. He taught the sweet singer of Israel.
—ASCENDING NOTES, or ASCENDING SCALE. Thus: -
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Aschenbrenner, Christian

Aschenbrenner, Christian, was born in 1654. He was a celebrated violinist, and composed six sonatas, which he presented to the emperor at Vienna, and was recompensed with a chain of gold and a medal. He died in 1732.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Ashley, John

Ashley, John, of Bath, received his musical education from his elder brother, Josiah Ashley, an eminent flutist and hautboy player of his day. He has been a performer on the bassoon at the Bath concerts and theatre during nearly half a century, and was also a vocalist at the concerts, Harmonic Society, and Vauxhall of the same city. The sister art of poetry, or, as he has termed it, rhyming, was combined with the above professional pursuits, as may be seen by a volume he published, called "Trifles in Rhyme." With regard to music, Ashley never aspired to any thing great in composition ; his efforts were confined to ballads and songs, serious and comic ; and it is believed that he has written the words to, and composed more of, these trifles, which have been sung by eminent performers, and favorably received by the public, than any English composer of his time. The following is a list of some of Ashley's compositions : ballads, "Honest Ben," "Poor Joe the Marine,"The Sailor's Creed," "The Heart that o'erflows," "Poor Orphan Maid," "Tom an 1 Susan," "Unanimity ; " songs, "England's King," "Bundle of Proverbs," "Rhyme with-out Reason," "Boney at Bayonne," "Origin o Old Bachelors," "Wonderful Song," "Lads of the Ocean," &c., &c.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Ashe, Misses

Ashe, Misses, daughters of the preceding, were excellent performers on the harp and piano ; they also sang pleasingly. They performed ' before the London public in 1821.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Arianus, Johann L

Arianus, Johann L., wrote an account of lyric poets, at Erfurt, in 1581.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Arietta alla veneziana

Arietta alla veneziana. (I.) An expression applied to certain little melodies composed in the style of the Venetian airs, called barcarolles. See that word.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Arigoni, Francesco

Arigoni, Francesco. An illustrious musician of Ferrara, in the seventeenth century.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Arion

Arion. A lyric poet and musician of Methymna, in the Island of Lesbos, who flourished about six hundred years before the Christian era. Ile was immensely rich, and when travel-ling from Lesbos into Italy, his companions assaulted him, to rob him of his wealth; but he entreated the seamen to suffer him to play on his harp before they cast him into the sea : he played sweetly, and then threw himself into the sea, where a dolphin, drawn thither by the sweetness of his music, received him on his back, and carried him to Cape Taenarus.
"He on his crouching back sits all at ease,
With harp in hand, by which he calms the seas,
And for his passage with a song he pays."
He had previously resided at the court of Periander, King of Corinth, and had amassed his fortune by the profession of music. From Cape Taenarus, he returned to the court of Periander, who ordered all the sailors who had conspired to throw him overboard to lie crucified on their return. He invented the dithyrambic measure, and composed many hymns.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Arietta

Arietta. (I.) A short air or melody. The diminutive of aria.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Ariberti, Marquis Giacomo

Ariberti, Marquis Giacomo, of Cremona, composed the opera of "Argenide," at Rome, in 1651. He was one of the most celebrated amateurs of his age.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Arie aggiunte

Arie aggiunte. (I.) Supplementary airs. Airs added to an oratorio, opera, or other vocal production, after its first public performance, and which were not originally designed to be included in the piece.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Arigoni, Giov

Arigoni, Giov. GIACOMO, also called Il Affettuoso, published some madrigals at Venice, about the year 1623.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Aribo

Aribo. A monk, towards the end of the eleventh century. He wrote a treatise on music.
ARICHONDAS. A musician of ancient Greece. He is said to have invented the trumpet.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Ariettina

Ariettina. (I.) A short air, or song.
# Cramer v. Aetna Life Insurance Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
302 U.S. 739
Cramer v. Aetna Life Insurance Company
Messrs. George D. Welles and Fred E. Fuller, both of Toledo, Ohio, for petitioner.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Crane v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue/Dissent Jackson

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Dissenting Opinion Jackson
* Wikipedia article
Mr. Justice JACKSON, dissenting.
The Tax Court concluded that this taxpayer acquired only an equity worth nothing. The mortgage was in default, the mortgage debt was equal to the value of the property, and possession by the taxpayer was forfeited and terminable immediately by foreclosure, and perhaps by a receiver pendente lite. Arguments can be advanced to support the theory that the taxpayer received the whole property and thereupon came to owe the whole debt. Likewise it is argued that when she sold she transferred the entire value of the property and received release from the whole debt. But we think these arguments are not so conclusive that it was not within the province of the Tax Court to find that she received an equity which at that time had a zero value. Dobson v. Commissioner, 320 U.S. 489, 64 S.Ct. 239, 88 L.Ed. 248; Commissioner v. Scottish American Investment Co., Ltd., 323 U.S. 119, 65 S.Ct. 169, 89 L.Ed. 113. The taxpayer never became personally liable for the debt, and hence when she sold she was released from no debt. The mortgage debt was simply a subtraction from the value of what she did receive, and from what she sold. The subtraction left her nothing when she acquired it and a small margin when she sold it. She acquired a property right equivalent to an equity of redemption and sold the same thing. It was the 'property' bought and sold as the Tax Court considered it to be under the Revenue Laws. We are not required in this case to decide whether depreciation was properly taken, for there is no issue about it here.
We would reverse the Court of Appeals and sustain the decision of the Tax Court.
Mr. Justice FRANKFURTER and Mr. Justice DOUGLAS join in this opinion.
# Crane v. Cedar Rapids & Iowa City Railway Company/Dissent Black

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Dissenting Opinion Black
United States Supreme Court
395 U.S. 164
Ronald L. CRANE, Petitioner, v. CEDAR RAPIDS & IOWA CITY RAILWAY COMPANY.
Argued: April 24, 1969. --- Decided: May 26, 1969
Mr. Justice BLACK, with whom The Chief Justice and Mr. Justice DOUGLAS join, dissenting.
Congress, not the States, passed the Federal Safety Appliance Act of 1893, 27 Stat. 531, 45 U.S.C. § 1 et seq. Consequently, I think the question of a railroad's liability to a person injured by a violation of that Act is a federal, not a state, question. Although it is true that several old cases, cited by the Court, gave the Safety Appliance Act a different interpretation, and left injured workers to whatever remedies they might have under state law, the premises of these old decisions have been thoroughly and I think properly discredited. See J. I. Case Co. v. Borak, 377 U.S. 426, 84 S.Ct. 1555, 12 L.Ed.2d 423 (1964).
The Federal Employers' Liability Act of 1908, 35 Stat. 65, as amended, 45 U.S.C. § 51 et seq., allows railroad employees injured by violations of the Safety Appliance Act to recover against their employer, and contributory negligence of the employee is not a defense. I cannot believe that Congress intended that contributory negligence should become a defense simply because the action is brought by a nonemployee, when an employee doing the same work and subjected to the same violation of the Safety Appliance Act could clearly recover. For this reason I would hold that under federal law contributory negligence is not a defense in this case and reverse the judgment of the Iowa Supreme Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Crane Iron v. Hoagland/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
108 U.S. 5
Crane Iron v. Hoagland
These are writs of error to the supreme court of New Jersey, and the motions to dismiss are made because, as is claimed, no federal question is involved. The records have not been printed, and on these motions we can look only to the statements of counsel as they appear in the briefs. The assignment of errors has been printed in the brief for the defendants, and the second and fifth assignments clearly present questions of which we have jurisdiction. Whether the errors thus assigned appear in the records we cannot on these motions, as they are now presented, finally determine, but in the absence of any showing to the contrary we will presume they do. The motions to dismiss must therefore be overruled.
The questions involved are not of a character that we are inclined to consider on a motion to affirm, especially before the record is printed. It will be time enough to consider the objections to the assignment of errors when the cases come on for hearing. The motions to advance the cases cannot be granted upon the showing made. All the motions are consequently denied.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Crane v. Buckley

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
203 U.S. 441
Crane v. Buckley
Argued: and submitted October 25, 1906, --- Decided: December 3, 1906
Messrs. Charles S.C.ushing and William Grant for plaintiff in error.
[Argument of Counsel intentionally omitted]
Mr. Delphin Michael Delmas for defendants in error.
[Argument of Counsel intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice Day delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Crane v. Cedar Rapids & Iowa City Railway Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.

## Dissenting Opinion

    Black
United States Supreme Court
395 U.S. 164
Ronald L. CRANE, Petitioner, v. CEDAR RAPIDS & IOWA CITY RAILWAY COMPANY.
Argued: April 24, 1969. --- Decided: May 26, 1969
John B. Halloran, James L. Alfveby, Minneapolis, Minn., Arthur O. Leff, Iowa City, Iowa, E. Barrett Prettyman, Jr., Washington, D.C., for petitioner; Hogan & Hartson, Washington, D.C., of counsel.
William M. Dallas, John F. Gaston, Jr., Cedar Rapids, Iowa, for respondent.
Mr. Justice BRENNAN delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Crane v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
Crane v. Commissioner, 331 U.S. 1 (1947), was a case heard before the United States Supreme Court concerning the value, for tax purposes, of inherited property with a nonrecourse mortgage encumbering it. According to Boris I. Bittker, Crane “laid the foundation stone of most tax shelters.” Warning: template has been deprecated.

## Dissenting Opinion

    Jackson
United States Supreme Court
331 U.S. 1
Crane v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue
Argued: Dec. 11, 1946. --- Decided: April 14, 1947
Mr. Edward S. Bentley of New York City, for petitioner.
Mr. J. Louis Monarch, of Washington, D.C., for respondent.
Mr. Chief Justice VINSON delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Crane v. Campbell

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
245 U.S. 304
Crane v. Campbell
Argued: and submitted Nov. 15, 1917. --- Decided: Dec 10, 1917
Messrs. T. A. Walters, of Boise, Idaho, and Frank L. Moore, of Moscow, Idaho, for defendant in error.
Mr. J. H. Forney, of Moscow, Idaho, for plaintiff in error.
Mr. Justice McREYNOLDS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Compendium of US Copyright Office Practices, II (1984)/600

Chapter 600
REGISTRATION PROCEDURES
This chapter is in preparation.
# Compendium of US Copyright Office Practices, II (1984)/200

Chapter 200
* COPYRIGHTABLE MATTER - IN GENERAL
Outline of Topics
201Copyrightable matter: in general. 202Original works of authorship. 202.01Originality. 202.02Authorship. 203Fixation. 204Compilations and derivative works. 204.01Compilations defined. 204.02Derivative works defined. 204.03Standards for copyrightability of compilations and derivative works. 204.04Status of compilations and derivative works unlawfully employing preexisting copyrighted material. 204.05Musical arrangements made under the compulsory license for phonorecords. 204.06Ephemeral recordings. 205National origin. 206Government works. 206.01Edicts of government. 206.02U.S. Government works. 206.03Copyrightable government works.
CHAPTER 200
COPYRIGHTABLE MATTER - IN GENERAL
Status of compilations and derivative works unlawfully employing preexisting copyrighted material. Copyright protection for a work employing preexisting material in which copy­right subsists does not extend to any part of the work in which such material has been used unlawfully. See 17 U.S.C. 103(a).
* This means that where a work is based on a preexisting work, without authorization of the copyright owner and unlawfully, the new material may be subject to copyright pro­tection only to the extent that it can be separated from the preexisting work.
* Where the new matter (such as certain editorial revisions, translations, and musical arrangements) is inextricably integrated with the preexisting work, without authorization of the copyright owner, registration for the new matter cannot be made.
* However, where the new matter (such as new lyrics set to an existing melody) is capable of existing separately, registration may be possible, even though the use may be an infringement of the copyright in the pre­existing work.
[END OF CHAPTER 200]
# Compendium of US Copyright Office Practices, II (1984)/1400

Chapter 1400
GROUP REGISTRATIONS
This chapter is in preparation.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Besozzi, Joseph

Besozzi, Joseph. A musician at Parma in the latter part of the seventeenth century.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Betts, Arthur

Betts, Arthur, was born in Lincolnshire. He received instructions of Hindmarsh and Viotti on the violin, and of Eley, Dussek, and Steibelt, in the theory of music ; he also derived great benefit from the friendly lessons of Russell, and from his long practice and experience, may be ranked among the most eminent teachers of the present day. The best compositions of A. Betts are as follows : "Three Sonatas for Piano-forte and Violin;" "A Duet for two Performers on the Piano-forte;" "Set of Duets for Violin and Violoncello ;" "Set of Duets (easy) for Violin and Tenor;" "A Sonata for Piano-forte, (violin obligato,) and Violoncello (ad lib. ;") "A Divertimento for Piano-forte and Violin ;" "Andante for Violin Obligate, with second Violin, Alto, and Bass" He has also composed some songs, and arranged pieces, amongst which is the much admired "Overture to the Men of Prometheus," by Beethoven, arranged as a quintet for two violins, alto, flute, and violoncello.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Besozzi, Jerome

Besozzi, Jerome, born at Parma in 1712, was bassoon player to the court of Sardinia from the year 1730. He went with his brother Alexander to Paris for a short time, where they were heard with the greatest applause. The two brothers subsequently lived together at Turin till their death.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Besson

Besson, or BESON, a French composer, published some sonatas at Paris in 1729.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Bethisy

Bethisy, a French composer, published, in 1752, a treatise entitled "An Explanation of the Cheery and Practice of Music, according to the new Discoveries." The author has availed him-self of Rameau's principles. It is a work of little merit.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Beuf, Jean Le

Beuf, Jean Le, published at Paris, in. 1739, a treatise on church music.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Beurhusius, Friedericus

Beurhusius, Friedericus. A writer on music in the latter part of the sixteenth century.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Bessel, A. M. S. E. Von

Bessel, A. M. S. E. Von, published some instrumental music in Germany, between the years 1790 and 1793.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Besser, T. G

Besser, T. G. An organist at Halberstadt, and composer, between the years 1779 and 1784.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Beuthner, Johann Heinrich

Beuthner, Johann Heinrich, director of the music at Riga, was born at Hamburg in 1693. He published a cantata at Riga in 1717.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Bartolozzi

Bartolozzi. An excellent performer on the tenor, recently living in England.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Bartoli, Daniel

Bartoli, Daniel, of Bologna, was the author of a work entitled "Del Suomi de Tremore Armonici e dell Udito," published in 1680. In this truly scientific and ingenious work are to be found several discoveries in harmonics that have been enlarged upon by posterior writers on the subject. It contains four dissertations : the first treats of the similarity between the circular undulations occasioned in still water when a stone is thrown into it, and the propagation and motion of sound. The second, of the motion of sound compared with that of light ; of echoes or reflection of sound, and of its augmentation in a whispering room or gallery. Third, of harmonic vibrations and ratios of sound ; of sympathetic sounds ; of the breaking a glass with the voice. Fourth, of the mixture of sounds ; of consonance ; harmonics ; and the immense increase of sounds in a vessel or enclosed place, by repercussion ; with many other curious inquiries, and ends with the anatomy of the ear. He was the author of many other profound and learned works, and died at Rome in 1685.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Bartolus, Abraham

Bartolus, Abraham. A professor at Leipsic, at the beginning of the seventeenth century. He wrote a mathematical work on music.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Bartholini, Rindio

Bartholini, Rindio. A composer at Sienna about the year 1600. He published motets, &c., at Venice.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Bartleman, J

Bartleman, J., the celebrated bass singer was a pupil of Dr. Cooke, and originally in the choirs of Westminster Abbey and the Chapel Royal. Miss Hawkins, in her anecdotes, states of Bartleman as follows : -
"There was one singular feature in his history, that he lived to occupy the identical house in Berners Street, in which his first patron resided. This patron, Mr. Royer, who had a situation in one of the public offices, perceiving the promise of his voice, presented him to Dr. Cooke for his acceptance as a singer.
"Though delicate in person and constitution, and often ill, Bartleman was lively and spirited to a remarkable degree. It used to puzzle me to find out when or how he learned ; and indeed I have heard Dr. Cooke say, 'Those boys of mine learn of one another more than from me.' Of his early superiority he was as little vain as if it had consisted in spinning a top, or trundling a hoop ; he never went further in setting himself above another than by humorously caricaturing, something ludicrously bad. In short, he was one of the most agreeable lads that ever had ' the run' of a house. An instance of Bartleman's nice feeling I call to mind. My father had made him a present, annexing to the gift the condition that he should copy out some music for him, which he undertook cheerfully ; but just afterwards, having reached a point in his musical studies that left him less leisure, he found he had not time to do what he had promised, and having detained the music he had to copy long enough to make the experiment, he returned it, together with his present, with an extremely well penned note, saying, that 'as he could not perform the task, it was not just to accept the reward.' I remember my own astonishment at this promptitude, though, indeed, being out of the choir, we had for some time seen less of him; but it appeared to me as if a boy had on a sudden, without the intervention of - what shall I say? - ladhood ? started into manhood. I can add, with pride and acknowledgment, that, in the goodness of his nature, he never forgot where he had spent many of his boyish hours, and that whatever time elapsed without our meeting, he was always, on every occasion, prompt to show, and cordial in expressing the continuance of his regard. Success never altered. him, applause never elevated him ; and he died.
I am confident, as he had lived, beloved beyond the usual degree of love bestowed on those whose excellence, to use Wordsworth's beautiful words respecting longevity, ' has no companion.' " - So far Miss Hawkins. We have now to remark that Bartleman, as he advanced to manhood, became celebrated for his powers as a bass, or rather baritono singer, in which line he first appeared in public, we believe, at the concerts at Freemasons' Hall. He was next engaged at the ancient concerts, and lastly became one of the proprietors and conductors of the vocal concerts at the Hanover Square rooms. He died in 1820.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Bartlett, John

Bartlett, John. Author of "A Book of Ayres for the Lute and Viol da Gamba," London, 1606.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Barthoffer

Barthoffer. A musician at Vienna about the year 1799.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Bartholdy

Bartholdy. See MENDELSSOHN.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Bartholomaeus

Bartholomaeus, an Englishman, wrote a work in 1366, in which various musical instruments of that time are described. Sir John Hawkins states, that he frequently consulted this work, in writing the history of music during the dark ages.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Bartolini Perugino, Simone

Bartolini Perugino, Simone. A singer in the pope's chapel at Rome about the year 1543. He was sent with eight other singers, by the pope, to the council of Trent.