# Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute/Volume 8

TRANSACTIONS
AND
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE,
1875.
VOL. VIII.
EDITED AND PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE INSTITUTE,
Issued May, 1876.
WELLINGTON: LYON AND BLAIR, PRINTERS, LAMBTON QUAY
TRUBNER & CO., 60, PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON.
CONTENTS.
TRANSACTIONS.
| | | | PAGES |
| I.—Miscellaneous. ||||
| Art. | I. | On the probable origin of the Maori Races. By W. S. W. Vaux, M.A., Baliol College, Oxford, F.R.S. Communicated by Dr. Hector, C.M.G., F.R.S. | 3–58 |
| | II. | Notes on the Extinction of the Moa, with a Review of the Discussions on the subject, published in the Transactions of the New Zealand Institute. By W. T. L. Travers, F.L.S. | 58–83 |
| | III. | Notes on the Discovery of Moa and Moa Hunters' Remains at Pataua River, near Whangarei. By G. Thorne, junior | 83–94 |
| | IV. | Notes on Moa Remains in the vicinity of Cape Campbell. By C. H. Robson | 95–97 |
| | V. | Notes on Moa Caves, etc., in the Wakatipu District. By Taylor White | 97–102 |
| | VI. | Extract from a Letter from F. E. Maning, relative to the Extinction of the Moa | 102–103 |
| | VII. | Notes on the Maori Cooking Places at the Mouth of the Shag River. by Captain F. W. Hutton, F.G.S. | 103–108 |
| | VIII. | The Mythology and Traditions of the Maori in New Zealand. By the Rev. J. F. H. Wohlers, of Ruapuke, Southland | 108–123 |
| | IX. | The Building Materials of Otago. By W. N. Blair, C.E. | 123–166 |
| | X. | On the best Line for a Submarine Telegraph between Australia and New Zealand. By the Rev. A. G. Purchas, M.R.C.S., Eng. | 166–168 |
| | XI. | Improvements in Ship's Life Boats. By R. McNaughton, C.E. | 168–171 |
| | XII. | On a Direct Vision Solar Eye-Piece for Large Telescopes. By H. Skey | 172 |
| | XIII. | An Account of the Maori House attached to the Christchurch Museum. By Rev. J. W. Stack | 172–176 |
| | XIV. | Notes on Quartz Crushing at the Thames Gold Fields. By J. Goodall, C.E. | 176–179 |
| | | New Zealand Surveys, by J. S. ConnellAppendix | xxvii–xliii |
| II.—Zoology. ||||
| | XV. | Notes on the Existence of a large Bat. By Ven. Archdeacon Stock | 180 |
| | XVI. | Description of the "Cow Fish," or "Bottle-nosed Dolphin" (Tursio metis.) By Captain Hutton, C.M.Z.S. | 180–181 |
| | XVII. | Notes on the Ornithology of New Zealand. By W. L. Buller, C.M.G., D.Sc., President | 190 |
| | XVIII. | Notes on Gerygone flaviventris. By W. L. Buller, C.M.G., D.Sc., President | 190–192 |
| | XIX. | Notes on the Nesting Habits of the Huia. By W. L. Buller, C.M.G., D.Sc., President | 192–193 |
| | XX. | On the Occurrence of Apteryx oweni at high altitudes in the North Island. By W. L. Buller, C.M.G., D.Sc., President | 193–194 ​ |
| | XXI. | Remarks on Dr. Finsch's paper on New Zealand Ornithology. By W. L. Buller, C.M.G., D.Sc., President | 194–196 |
| | XXII. | Remarks on various Species of New Zealand Birds. By W. L. Buller, C.M.G., D.Sc., President | 196–199 |
| | XXIII. | Notes on Birds observed during a voyage to England. By Dr. Hector, C.M.G., F.R.S. | 199–200 |
| | XXIV. | Further Remarks on some New Zealand Birds. By Otto Finsch, Ph.D. of Bremen, Hon. Mem. N.Z.I., Hon. Mem. Brit. Ornith. Union | 200–204 |
| | XXV. | An Account of the Maori manner of Preserving the Skin of the Huia. By J. D. Enys | 204–205 |
| | XXVI. | Notes on the Introduction and Acclimatization of Salmon. By James Stewart, C.E. | 205–209 |
| | XXVII. | Contributions to the Ichthyology of New Zealand. By Captain Hutton, C.M.Z.S. | 209–218 |
| | XXVIII. | Notes on the Habits of the Frost-fish (Lepidopus caudatus). By C. H. Robson | 218–219 |
| | XXIX. | Notes on the Sword-fish (Ziphias gladius). By T. F. Cheeseman, F.L.S. | 219–220 |
| | XXX. | Is Access to the Sea a necessity to Eels. By James Duigan | 221–222 |
| | XXXI. | On the Habits of the Trap-door Spider. By R. Gillies | 222–262 |
| | XXXII. | Notes on the Coleoptera of Auckland, N.Z. By Captain Broun | 262–271 |
| | XXXIII. | Remarks on the Pselaphidæ (Coleoptera) of New Zealand. By Captain Broun | 271–282 |
| | XXXIV. | Description of a New Genera and Species of Heteromera, New Zealand. By F. Bates, F.L.S. Reprinted from Annals and Magazine of Natural History | 282–298 |
| | XXXV. | Critical Notes on New Zealand Hydroida. By William Coughtrey, M.B., B.M., Edin. Univ., Cor. Mem. Roy. Phys. Soc, Edin., Hon. Fell. Historic Soc, L. and C, etc. | 298–302 |
| | XXXVI. | Description of a Species of Butterfly belonging to the family Satyridæ, Westwood. By R. W. Fereday, C.M.E.S.L. | 302–304 |
| | XXXVII. | On the Mollusca of Auckland Harbour. By T. F. Cheeseman | 304–311 |
| III.—Botany. ||||
| | XXXVIII. | Description of a New Species of Fabronia. By Charles Knight, F.R.C.S., F.L.S. | 312 |
| | XXXIX. | On the Lichen Flora of New Zealand. By Charles Knight, F.R.C.S., F.L.S. | 313–328 |
| | XL. | On a Remarkable Instance of Double Parasitism in Loranthaceæ. By Thomas Kirk, F.L.S. | 329–330 |
| | XLI. | Description of a New Species of Hymenophyllum. By T. F. Cheeseman, F.L.S. | 330–331 |
| IV.—Chemistry. ||||
| | XLII. | On the Oxidation of Silver and Platinum by Oxygen in presence of Water. By William Skey | 332–334 |
| | XLIII. | On the Electro-motive Order of certain Metals in Cyanide of Potassium with reference to the use of this Salt in Milling Gold. By William Skey | 334–337 |
| | XLIV. | On the Absorption of Antimony and Arsenic from a Solution of their Oxides in Hydrochloric Acid by Charcoal. By William Skey | 337–338 |
| | XLV. | On the Solubility of Alkalies in Ether. By William Skey | 338–339 ​ |
| | XLVI. | On the Oxidation of Gold and Supposed Oxidation of Mercury by Oxygen in Presence of Water. By William Skey | 339–342 |
| | XLVII. | Notes on the Alleged Replacement of Electro-positive by Electro-negative Metals in a Voltaic Cell. By William Skey | 343–345 |
| | XLVIII. | Notes on the Electric and Chemical Deportment of Argentic Sulphide. By William Skey | 346–347 |
| | XLIX. | On certain Chemical Effects of Oxygenised Graphite and Platinum. By William Skey | 347–348 |
| | L. | Analyses of a few Fire Clays of the Province of Auckland. By J. A. Pond | 348–351 |
| V.—Geology. ||||
| | LI. | Volcanic Action Regarded as due to the Retardation of the Earth's Rotation. By J. Carruthers, M. Inst. C.E. | 351–369 |
| | LII. | On the Old Lake System of New Zealand, with some Observations as to the Formation of the Canterbury Plains. By J. C. Crawford, F.G.S. | 369–375 |
| | LIII. | On the Igneous Rocks of the Province of Wellington. By J. C. Crawford, F.G.S. | 375–379 |
| | LIV. | On the Probability of Finding Extensive Coal Deposits within the Province of Wellington. By J. C. Crawford, F.G.S. | 379 |
| | LV. | On the Cause of the Former Great Extension of the Glaciers in New Zealand. By Captain F. W. Hutton, F.G.S. | 383–387 |
| | LVI. | The Coals and Coal Fields in the Province of Auckland. By J. M. Tunny | 387–389 |
| NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE. ||||
| Seventh Annual Report by the Board of Governors | Seventh Annual Report by the Board of Governors | Seventh Annual Report by the Board of Governors | 393 |
| Free List for the Issue of the Transactions | Free List for the Issue of the Transactions | Free List for the Issue of the Transactions | 395 |
| Museum Report | Museum Report | Museum Report | 397 |
| Accounts of the New Zealand Institute | Accounts of the New Zealand Institute | Accounts of the New Zealand Institute | 399 |
| PROCEEDINGS OF INCORPORATED SOCIETIES. ||||
| WELLINGTON PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY. ||||
| President's Address | President's Address | President's Address | 403–408 |
| Dr. Finsch's Paper on Ornithology discussed relative to the specific value of Apteryx mantelli | Dr. Finsch's Paper on Ornithology discussed relative to the specific value of Apteryx mantelli | Dr. Finsch's Paper on Ornithology discussed relative to the specific value of Apteryx mantelli | 408 |
| Volcanic Action Regarded as due to the Retardation of the Earth's Rotation | Volcanic Action Regarded as due to the Retardation of the Earth's Rotation | Volcanic Action Regarded as due to the Retardation of the Earth's Rotation | 409–411 |
| Plants Injured by Frost at the Hutt | Plants Injured by Frost at the Hutt | Plants Injured by Frost at the Hutt | 411 |
| Deciduous Trees; as to the desirability of their being planted in the Botanical Gardens | Deciduous Trees; as to the desirability of their being planted in the Botanical Gardens | Deciduous Trees; as to the desirability of their being planted in the Botanical Gardens | 412 |
| Reports of Council | Reports of Council | Reports of Council | 416 |
| Geological, Zoological, Botanical, Chemical, and Miscellaneous Papers Read during the Year | Geological, Zoological, Botanical, Chemical, and Miscellaneous Papers Read during the Year | Geological, Zoological, Botanical, Chemical, and Miscellaneous Papers Read during the Year | 416–419 |
| Election of Officers for 1876 | Election of Officers for 1876 | Election of Officers for 1876 | 419 |
| Conversazioné; Suggestions as to holding a | Conversazioné; Suggestions as to holding a | Conversazioné; Suggestions as to holding a | 419 |
| AUCKLAND INSTITUTE. ||||
| President's Anniversary Address | President's Anniversary Address | President's Anniversary Address | 420–425 |
| Entomology; Discussion upon | Entomology; Discussion upon | Entomology; Discussion upon | 425–426 |
| Museum; Action taken with regard to obtaining a new | Museum; Action taken with regard to obtaining a new | Museum; Action taken with regard to obtaining a new | 426 |
| Books Bequeathed to the Library | Books Bequeathed to the Library | Books Bequeathed to the Library | 427 ​ |
| Moa Remains at Ellerslie | Moa Remains at Ellerslie | Moa Remains at Ellerslie | 427 |
| Coal and Coal Fields of Auckland | Coal and Coal Fields of Auckland | Coal and Coal Fields of Auckland | 428 |
| Slaking Lime with Salt Water | Slaking Lime with Salt Water | Slaking Lime with Salt Water | 429 |
| Changes in the Elevation of the Waikato | Changes in the Elevation of the Waikato | Changes in the Elevation of the Waikato | 430 |
| Election of Officers for 1876 | Election of Officers for 1876 | Election of Officers for 1876 | 430 |
| PHILOSOPHICAL INSTITUTE OF CANTERBURY. ||||
| Dr. Von Haast v. The Board of Governors | Dr. Von Haast v. The Board of Governors | Dr. Von Haast v. The Board of Governors | 432 |
| Climate of Canterbury | Climate of Canterbury | Climate of Canterbury | 432 |
| Abstract of Reports of the Council | Abstract of Reports of the Council | Abstract of Reports of the Council | 432 |
| Election of Officers for 1876 | Election of Officers for 1876 | Election of Officers for 1876 | 433 |
| Presentation to Mr. Wakefield | Presentation to Mr. Wakefield | Presentation to Mr. Wakefield | 433 |
| OTAGO INSTITUTE. ||||
| President's Address | President's Address | President's Address | 434 |
| The Sun's Temperature | The Sun's Temperature | The Sun's Temperature | 434–441 |
| Transit of Venus | Transit of Venus | Transit of Venus | 441 |
| Longitude of Wellington | Longitude of Wellington | Longitude of Wellington | 441–442 |
| New Museum; Resolution as to a | New Museum; Resolution as to a | New Museum; Resolution as to a | 443 |
| NELSON ASSOCIATION FOR THE PROMOTION OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. ||||
| Election of Officers for 1876 | Election of Officers for 1876 | Election of Officers for 1876 | 444 |
| Distribution of Seeds | Distribution of Seeds | Distribution of Seeds | 444 |
| WESTLAND INSTITUTE. ||||
| Report | Report | Report | 446 |
| Haast Wreck and Ocean Currents | Haast Wreck and Ocean Currents | Haast Wreck and Ocean Currents | 446 |
| HAWKE BAY PHILOSOPHICAL INSTITUTE. ||||
| Resolution as to Revenue | Resolution as to Revenue | Resolution as to Revenue | 450 |
| Notes of a Meeting in February, 1876 | Notes of a Meeting in February, 1876 | Notes of a Meeting in February, 1876 | 450 |
| APPENDIX ||||
| Climate of New Zealand | Climate of New Zealand | Climate of New Zealand | xxi |
| Temperature of the Air | Temperature of the Air | Temperature of the Air | xxi |
| Barometrical Observations | Barometrical Observations | Barometrical Observations | xxii |
| Earthquakes reported during 1875 | Earthquakes reported during 1875 | Earthquakes reported during 1875 | xxiii |
| Comparative Abstract for 1875 | Comparative Abstract for 1875 | Comparative Abstract for 1875 | xxiv |
| Notes on the Weather during 1875 | Notes on the Weather during 1875 | Notes on the Weather during 1875 | xxv |
| New Zealand Surveys. By J. S. Connell | New Zealand Surveys. By J. S. Connell | New Zealand Surveys. By J. S. Connell | xxvii |
| Honorary Members of the New Zealand Institute | Honorary Members of the New Zealand Institute | Honorary Members of the New Zealand Institute | xliv |
| Ordinary Members of the New Zealand Institute | Ordinary Members of the New Zealand Institute | Ordinary Members of the New Zealand Institute | xliv–liii |
| Errata | Errata | Errata | iii |
| Contents | Contents | Contents | v |
| List of Plates | List of Plates | List of Plates | ix |
| Board of Governors of the New Zealand Institute | Board of Governors of the New Zealand Institute | Board of Governors of the New Zealand Institute | xi |
| Abstracts of Rules and Statutes of the New Zealand Institute | Abstracts of Rules and Statutes of the New Zealand Institute | Abstracts of Rules and Statutes of the New Zealand Institute | xi |
| List of Incorporated Societies | List of Incorporated Societies | List of Incorporated Societies | xiv |
| Officers of Incorporated Societies and Extracts from the Rules | Officers of Incorporated Societies and Extracts from the Rules | Officers of Incorporated Societies and Extracts from the Rules | xiv–xix |
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
| | | TO FACE PAGE |
| I. | Thorne.—Map of Moa and Moa-hunter Encampments | 84 |
| II. | {{{1}}}„ Sections of Moa-hunter Encampments | 90 |
| III. | {{{1}}}„ Flint, Obsidian, and Bone Instruments | 86 |
| IV. | Robson.—Map of Cape Campbell, shewing where the Moa Remains were found | 96 |
| V. | McNaughton.—Improvements in Ships' Life-boats | 170 |
| VI. | Gillies.—Trap-door Spider and Nest | 224 |
| VII. | {{{1}}}„ Nests of Trap-door Spider | 226 |
| VIII. | {{{1}}}„ Sections of Nests of the Trap-door Spider | 228 |
| IX. | Stack.—New Butterfly, Oreina othello | 302 |
| X. | Knight.—New Species of Fabronia | 312 |
| XI. | {{{1}}}„ Lichens | 314 |
ERRATA.
| PAGE |
| 13, | line 19 from the top, for and and read and. |
| 22, | {{{1}}}„14 from the bottom, for similiarity read similarity. |
| 23, | {{{1}}}„ 5 from the top, for Marqesans read Marquesan. |
| 25, | {{{1}}}„ 1, for Marqunesan read Marquesan. |
| 34, | for reference to note against canoes, see page 33 at the foot. |
| 38, | line  8 from the bottom, for sefula read safulu. |
| 56, | {{{1}}}„17 from the top, for having read has. |
| 70, | {{{1}}}„ 5 from the top, for their read the. |
| 106, | {{{1}}}„ 2 from the bottom, for as high as low water read as low as high water. |
| 107, | {{{1}}}„15 from the bottom, dele . and insert , |
| 117, | {{{1}}}„10 from the bottom, for hand read hands. |
| 118, | {{{1}}}„ 2 from the bottom, for pnt read put |
| 123, | {{{1}}}„14, for hair read hairs. |
| 140, | {{{1}}}„11 from the top, for Kauroo read Kauru. |
| 176, | {{{1}}}„ 7 from the top, for me ta read met a. |
| 184, | {{{1}}}„ 9 from the bottom, for Eperia read Epeira. |
| 186, | {{{1}}}„ 9 from the top, for peats read bents. |
| 189, | {{{1}}}„23 from the top, for other read outer. |
| 193, | {{{1}}}„20 from the bottom, for these read there. |
| 195, | {{{1}}}„11 from the bottom, for reference read preference. |
| 196, | {{{1}}}„ 2 from the top, for oblosignata read albosignata. |
| 198, | {{{1}}}„ 3 and 10 from the bottom, and 199, line 2 from the top, for albosiquata read albosignata. |
| 204, | art. 25, for auctirostris read acutirostris. |
| 209, | for D 11/12 read D 12/11. |
| 213, | line  6 from the bottom, for larger read longer. |
| 227, | {{{1}}}„14 from the bottom, for as read us. |
| 235, | {{{1}}}„23 from the bottom, for referencet o read reference to. |
| 254, | {{{1}}}„18 from the bottom, for natualists read naturalists. |
| 262, | et seq. Art. XXXII, for Captain Brown read Captain Broun. |
| 269, | {{{1}}}„12 from the bottom, for Prionoplus reticulatis read Prionoplus reticularis. |
| 271, | No. 28, for Tetroreo read Tetrorea. |
| 332, | line 21 from the bottom, for fortunately read forthwith. |
| 333, | {{{1}}}„17 from the top, after retarded insert . dele , after chloride. |
| 336, | {{{1}}}„18 from the bottom, for which read while. |
| 340, | {{{1}}}„12 from the bottom, for both read water. |
| 342, | {{{1}}}„21 from the top, dele not. |
| 346, | {{{1}}}„19 from the bottom, for nitro-prussic read nitro-prusside. |
| 350, | {{{1}}}„11 from the bottom, for Mahutangi read Mahurangi. |
| 386, | {{{1}}}„17 from the top, for know read known. |
| 439, | {{{1}}}„ 7 from the bottom, for radiatian read radiation. |
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
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