OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Winebrenner, John

See also John Winebrenner on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​WINEBRENNER, JOHN (1707-1860), American clergyman, founder of the “Church of God,” was born in Glade Valley, Frederick county, Maryland, on the 25th of March 1797. He studied at Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, was ordained in the German Reformed Church in 1820 and became a pastor at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, where his revival preaching and his Revival Hymn-Book (1825) brought about a break between his followers and the Reformed Church. In 1830 he founded the Church of God (whose members are commonly called Winebrennerians), he was speaker of its conference and edited its organ, The Church Advocate, until his death in Harrisburg on the 12th of September 1860. He wrote Brief Views of the Church of God (1840), A Treatise on Regeneration (1844), Doctrinal and Practical Sermons (1860), and with I. B. Rupp, The History of all the Religious Denominations in the United States (1844).
The Church of God has three sacraments: baptism (by immersion), feet washing and the Lord's Supper (administered to Christians only, in a sitting posture, and in the evening), it is generally Arminian and pre-millenarian, and in government has local elders and deacons, an annual eldership composed of pastors and lay elders, and, chosen by (and from) the annual elderships, a general eldership which meets since 1905 once in four years. The denomination in 1906 numbered 518 organizations and 24,356 communicants, in the following states—Pennsylvania (11,157), Ohio (2980), Indiana (1999), Illinois (1555), Maryland (1204), Missouri (1053), Iowa, West Virginia, Arkansas, Kansas, Oklahoma, Nebraska, Michigan, Washington, Oregon and Minnesota. Under the general eldership are: Findlay College, Findlay, Ohio; Fort Scott Collegiate Institute, Fort Scott, Kansas; and an academy at Barkeyville, Pennsylvania. Some foreign missionary work is done in Bengal.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Winer, Georg Benedikt

See also Georg Benedikt Winer on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​WINER, GEORG BENEDIKT (1789-1858), German Protestant theologian, was born at Leipzig on the 13th of April 1789. He studied theology at Leipzig, where eventually (1832) he became professor ordinarius. From 1824 to 1830 he edited with J. G. V. Engelhardt the Neues kritisches Journal der Theologischen Literatur, and alone from 1826 to 1832 the Zeitschrift für wissenschaftiche Theologie. He is well known as the author of a Grammatik des neutestamentlichen Sprachidioms (1821, 8th ed. revised by P. W. Schmiedel, 1894 ff.), of which several translations have appeared, the latest being by W. F. Moulton (1870, 3rd ed. 1882). He died on the 12th of May 1858.
His other works include Komparative Darstellung des Lehrbegriffes der verschiedenen christlichen Kirchenparteien (1824; 4th ed. by P. Ewald, 1882; Eng trans. 1873), Biblisches Realwörterbuch (1820; 3rd ed. 1847-1848, 2 vols.), Grammatik des biblischen und targumischen Chaldaismus (1824; 3rd ed. by B. Fischer, Chaldäische Grammatik für Bibel und Talmud, 1882; Eng trans. 1845) and a useful Handbuch der theologischen Literatur (1820; 3rd ed. 1838-1840, 2 vols., supplement, 1842). Cf. W. Schmidt, “Zum Gedächtnis Dr G. B. Winers,” in the Beiträge zur sächsischen Kirchengeschichte.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Windsor (Ontario)

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​WINDSOR, a city and port of entry of Essex county, Ontario, Canada, on the left bank of the Detroit river, opposite the city of Detroit. Pop. (1901) 12,153. It is on the Grand Trunk, Canadian Pacific, Pere Marquette and Michigan Central railways, which connect at this point with the railways of the United States by means of large and powerful car-ferries. It is the centre of an important agricultural and fruit-growing district, in which tobacco is also produced. Salt works, flour mills, canning factories, and the manufacture of type-setting machines are the principal industries. During the season of navigation it is the centre of a large coasting trade on the Great Lakes.
# A Century of Roundels/Étude Réaliste

ÉTUDE RÉALISTE.
I.
A baby's feet, like sea-shells pink, Might tempt, should heaven see meet, An angel's lips to kiss, we think, A baby's feet.
Like rose-hued sea-flowers toward the heat They stretch and spread and wink Their ten soft buds that part and meet.
No flower-bells that expand and shrink Gleam half so heavenly sweet As shine on life's untrodden brink A baby's feet.
II.
A baby's hands, like rosebuds furled Whence yet no leaf expands, Ope if you touch, though close upcurled, A baby's hands.
Then, fast as warriors grip their brands When battle's bolt is hurled, They close, clenched hard like tightening bands.
No rosebuds yet by dawn impearled Match, even in loveliest lands, The sweetest flowers in all the world— A baby's hands.
III.
A baby's eyes, ere speech begin, Ere lips learn words or sighs, Bless all things bright enough to win A baby's eyes.
Love, while the sweet thing laughs and lies, And sleep flows out and in, Sees perfect in them Paradise.
Their glance might cast out pain and sin, Their speech make dumb the wise, By mute glad godhead felt within A baby's eyes.
# A Century of Roundels/To Dora Dorian

TO DORA DORIAN.
Child of two strong nations, heir Born of high-souled hope that smiled, Seeing for each brought forth a fair Child,
By thy gracious brows, and wild Golden-clouded heaven of hair, By thine eyes elate and mild,
Hope would fain take heart to swear Men should yet be reconciled, Seeing the sign she bids thee bear, Child.
# A Century of Roundels/Two Preludes

TWO PRELUDES.
I.
LOHENGRIN.
Love, out of the depth of things, As a dewfall felt from above, From the heaven whence only springs Love,
Love, heard from the heights thereof, The clouds and the watersprings, Draws close as the clouds remove.
And the soul in it speaks and sings, A swan sweet-souled as a dove, An echo that only rings Love.
II.
TRISTAN UND ISOLDE.
Fate, out of the deep sea's gloom, When a man's heart's pride grows great, And nought seems now to foredoom Fate,
Fate, laden with fears in wait, Draws close through the clouds that loom, Till the soul see, all too late,
More dark than a dead world's tomb, More high than the sheer dawn's gate, More deep than the wide sea's womb, Fate.
# A Century of Wrong

* related portals: Boer Wars.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
At the advent of the South African War (Second Anglo-Boer War), F.W. Reitz, in his capacity of State Secretary of the South African Republic, published an overview of Anglo-Boer relations in the nineteenth century in Dutch, under the title Eene eeuw van onrecht. The book was an important propaganda instrument against the British.
The actual authorship of the book is unclear. The second Dutch edition of the book carried the text 'Op last van den staatssekretaris der Z.A.R., F.W. Reitz' ('By order of the State Secretary of the S.A.R., F.W. Reitz'). J.C. Smuts is indicated as author, but probably only edited the introduction and the end of the book, in collaboration with the historian E.J.P. Jorissen. The rest of the text was probably prepared by J. de Villiers Roos.

## Title Page.

A CENTURY OF WRONG
ISSUED BY
F.W. REITZ
State Secretary of the South African Republic
WITH PREFACE BY
W.T. STEAD
'Audi Alteram Partem'
LONDON: 'REVIEW OF REVIEWS' OFFICE, MOWBRAY HOUSE, NORFOLK STREET, W.C. [1900]

## Contents.

* Preface by W.T. Stead
* Introduction
* The Cape of Good Hope
* The Founding of Natal
* The Orange Free State
* The South African Republic
* The Conventions of 1881 and 1884
* Capitalistic Jingoism – First Period
* Capitalistic Jingoism – Second Period
* Conclusion
* Appendix A. Lord Derby's Dispatch on Convention of 1884
* Appendix B. The Annexation of the Diamond Fields
* Appendix C. The Reply to Mr. Chamberlain's Dispatch on Grievances
* Appendix D. The Final Dispatch of Mr. State Secretary Reitz
* Appendix E. The Text of the Conventions, 1852, 1881, and 1884

## References

* ↑ W.J. Leyds, Tweede verzameling, I, XV-XVI; F. Oudschans Dentz, Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant 17 Aug. 1934; H.T. Colenbrander, De Gids, C, 6 (June 1936), 340-341.
* ↑ Latin: "Hear the other side"
This work is a translation and has a separate copyright status to the applicable copyright protections of the original content.
# A Century of Wrong/Appendix D. The Final Dispatch of Mr. State Secretary Reitz
## Appendix D. The Final Dispatch of Mr. State Secretary Reitz

ENCLOSURE.
DEPARTMENT FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS, GOVERNMENT OFFICE, PRETORIA, 3rd March, 1899.
Sir,
Acknowledging the receipt of your letter of the 11th inst. re the meeting of the South African League held in the Amphitheatre at Johannesburg on the 14th January, 1899, I have the honour to communicate the following to you.
The complaint that the Government, or its duly authorised officials, have acted with partiality in this matter is entirely devoid of truth, and this Government regrets that such an unfounded and insulting accusation should have been made nearly a month after the occurrence in question.
Messrs. Dodd and Webb have been duly arrested and committed for trial on account of what took place on the 24th December, 1898, upon sworn affidavits which left nothing else for the proper officials to do but to prosecute.
With reference to the Amphitheatre occurrence, not a single British subject has lodged a sworn complaint against anybody with the proper officials, so that it can hardly be expected that this Government should now take any steps against the alleged disturbers of the peace.
Regarding the accusation that officials of this Government have contributed to the instigation of uproar on the said occasion, this Government can only state that no complaints have been made to it or the proper authorities, either from British subjects or from subjects of other Powers, so that this Government, to its regret, can do nothing in this matter. In case, however, of such complaints being lodged with the proper authorities, the Courts of the country are open to them.
I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, F.W. REITZ, State Secretary.
To THE HON. CUNYNGHAME GREENE, C.B., British Agent, Pretoria.
# A Century of Roundels/Wasted Love

WASTED LOVE.
What shall be done for sorrow With love whose race is run? Where help is none to borrow, What shall be done?
In vain his hands have spun The web, or drawn the furrow: No rest their toil hath won.
His task is all gone thorough, And fruit thereof is none: And who dare say to-morrow What shall be done?
# A Century of Roundels/front matter

MR. SWINBURNE'S WORKS.
THE QUEEN MOTHER AND ROSAMOND. Fcp. 8vo. 5s.
ATALANTA IN CALYDON. Crown 8vo. 6s.
CHASTELARD: a Tragedy. Crown 8vo. 7s.
POEMS AND BALLADS. First Series. Fcp. 8vo. 9s. Also in crown 8vo. at same price.
POEMS AND BALLADS. Second Series. Fcp. 8vo, 9s. Also in crown 8vo. at same price.
NOTES ON POEMS AND REVIEWS. 8vo. 1s.
WILLIAM BLAKE: a Critical Essay. With Facsimile Paintings. Demy 8vo. 16s.
SONGS BEFORE SUNRISE. Crown 8vo. 10s. 6d.
BOTHWELL: a Tragedy. Crown 8vo. 12s. 6d.
GEORGE CHAPMAN: an Essay. Crown 8vo. 7s.
SONGS OF TWO NATIONS. Crown 8vo. 6s.
ESSAYS AND STUDIES. Crown 8vo. 12s.
ERECHTHEUS: a Tragedy. Crown 8vo. 6s.
NOTE OF AN ENGLISH REPUBLICAN ON THE MUSCOVITE CRUSADE. 8vo. 1s.
A NOTE ON CHARLOTTE BRONTË. Crown 8vo. 6s.
A STUDY OF SHAKESPEARE. Crown 8vo. 8s.
SONGS OF THE SPRINGTIDES. Crown 8vo. 6s.
STUDIES IN SONG. Crown 8vo. 7s.
MARY STUART: a Tragedy. Crown 8vo. 8s.
TRISTRAM OF LYONESSE, and other Poems. Crown 8vo. 9s.
A CENTURY OF ROUNDELS. Small 4to. cloth extra, 8s.
CHATTO & WINDUS, Piccadilly, W.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Rude, François

See also François Rude on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​RUDE, FRANÇOIS (1784–1855), French sculptor, was born at Dijon on the 4th of June 1784. Till the age of sixteen he worked at his father's trade as a stove maker, but in 1809 he went up to Paris from the Dijon school of art, and became a pupil of Castellier, obtaining the Grand Prix in 1812. After the second restoration of the Bourbons he retired to Brussels, where he got some work under the architect Van der Straeten, who employed him to execute nine bas-reliefs in the palace of Tervueren. At Brussels Rude married Sophie Fremiet, the daughter of a Bonapartist compatriot to whom he had many obligations, but gladly availed himself of an opportunity to return to Paris, where in 1827 a statue of the Virgin for St Gervais and a "Mercury fastening his Sandals" (now in the Louvre) obtained much attention. His great success dates, however, from 1833, when he received the cross of the Legion of Honour for his statue of a "Neapolitan Fisher Boy playing with a Tortoise," which also procured for him the important commission for all the ornament and one group in the Arc de l'Étoile. This group, the "Départ des volontaires de 1792," a work full of energy and fire, immortalizes the name of Rude. Amongst other productions we may mention the statue of the mathematician Gaspard Monge (1848), Jeanne d'Arc, in the gardens of the Luxembourg (1852), a Calvary in bronze for the high altar of St Vincent de Paul (1855), as well as "Hebe and the Eagle of Jupiter," "Love Triumphant" and "Christ on the Cross," all of which appeared at the Salon of 1857 after his death. He died suddenly on the 3rd of November 1855.
See also P. G. Hamerton, Modern Frenchmen, five biographies (1878); Carl Adolf Rosenberg, François Rude (1884); Louis Gonse, Les Chefs d'œuvre des musées de France (Paris, 1900); L. de Fourcaud, François Rude, sculpteur (Paris, 1904).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Rudd

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​RUDD, or Red-Eye (Leuciscus erythrophthalmus), a fish of the Cyprinid family, spread over Europe, N. and S. of the Alps, also found in Asia Minor, and common in localities where there are still waters with muddy bottom. The rudd and the roach are very similar and frequently confused by anglers; the former differs principally in the more posterior dorsal fin, which is situated exactly opposite the space between the ventral and anal fins. It is a fine fish, but little esteemed for food, ​and rarely exceeds 12 in. in length and 2 ℔ in weight. It feeds on small freshwater animals and soft vegetable matter, and spawns in April or May. It readily crosses with the white bream, and more rarely with the roach and bleak.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ruddiman, Thomas

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​RUDDIMAN, THOMAS (1674–1757), Scottish classical scholar, was born in October 1674, at Raggal, Banffshire, where his father was a farmer. He was educated at Aberdeen University, and through the influence of Dr Archibald Pitcairne he was made assistant in the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh. His chief writings at this period were editions of Florence Wilson's De Animi Tranquillitate Dialogus (1707), and the Cantici Sotomonis Paraphrasis Poetica (1709) of Arthur Johnston (1587–1641), editor of the Deliciae Poetarurn Scotoruni. On the death of Dr Pitcairne he edited his friend's Latin verses, and arranged for the sale of his valuable library to Peter the Great of Russia. In 1714 he published Rudiments of the Latin Tongue, which was long used in Scottish schools. In 1715 he edited, with notes and annotations, the works of George Buchanan in two volumes folio. As Ruddiman was a Jacobite, the liberal views of Buchanan seemed to him to call for frequent censure. A society of scholars was formed in Edinburgh to "vindicate that incomparably learned and pious author from the calumnies of Mr Thomas Ruddiman"; but Ruddiman's remains the standard edition, though George Logan, John Love, John Man and others attacked him with great vehemence. He founded (1715) a successful printing business, and in 1728 was appointed printer to the university. He acquired the Caledonian Mercury in 1729, and in 1730 was appointed keeper of the Advocates' Library, resigning in 1752. He died in Edinburgh, on the 19th of January 1757.
Besides the works mentioned, the following writings of Ruddiman deserve notice: An edition of Gavin Douglas's Aeneid of Virgil (1710); the editing and completion of Anderson's Selectus Diplomatum et Numismatum Scotiae Thesaurus (1739); Catalogue of the Advocates' Library (1753–42); and a famous edition of Livy (1751). He also helped Joseph Ames with the Typographical Antiquities. Ruddiman was for many years the representative scholar of Scotland. Writing in 1766, Dr Johnson, after reproving Boswell for some bad Latin, significantly adds—"Ruddiman is dead." When Boswell proposed to write Ruddiman's life, "I should take pleasure in helping you to do honour to him," said Johnson.
See Chalmers's Life of Ruddiman (1794); Scots Magazine, January 7, 1757.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Rubric

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​RUBRIC (Fr. rubrique, Lat. rubrica, ruber, red), in its earliest and original sense, red earth or ochre, ruddle, and hence applied to words written or printed in red lettering, in MSS. or printed books, such as chapter headings, paragraphs, initial letters, &c., thus marking in a. distinctive manner that to which attention is to be drawn. The term was also applied to the passages so marked, and more especially to the directions or rules as to the conduct of divine service in liturgical books. This is the chief current usage of the term (see Liturgy).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ruby Mines

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​RUBY MINES, a district in the Mandalay division of Upper Burma, lying along the Irrawaddy river between the Bhamo district on the N., the Shan States on the E., Mandalay district on the S. and Katha on the W. Including the Shan state of Mongmit, which is temporarily administered as part of the district, the total area is 5476 sq. m.; pop. (1901) 87,694. The district geographically forms part of the Shan plateau, and is to a great extent a mass of hills with a general N. and S. direction. It contains considerable numbers of Kachins (13,300) and Palaungs (16,400). The annual rainfall at Mogok averages 98 in. The administrative headquarters are at Mogok, which is also the centre of the ruby-mining industry. It stands in the centre of a valley 4000 ft. above sea-level, and is reached by a cart-road from Thabeikkyin, 61 m. distant, on the Irrawaddy. The Ruby Mines Company employs about 44 Europeans and Eurasians in its works, which are 'situated at the north end of the town. The company has constructed a dam across the Yeni stream and set up an electric installation of about 450 horse-power, which works pumps and the washing machinery. The mines were worked under Burmese rule, but were discontinued on account of the small profit. Now they seem to be established on a sound financial basis. The system adopted is to excavate large open pits, from which the ruby earth or byon is removed en masse and washed and crushed by machinery. Spinels and sapphires are found with the rubies. In 1904, the produce of rubies alone was 200,000 carats, valued at £80,000, most of which were sent to London for sale. In addition, some mining is carried on by natives, working under a licence which does not permit the use of machinery. The district contains 994 sq. m. of reserved forests.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ruderal

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​RUDERAL (Lat. rudus, rubbish), a botanical term for plants growing on rubbish heaps or in waste places.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Saint Privat

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​SAINT PRIVAT, a village of Lorraine, 7 m. N.W. of Metz. The village and the slopes to the west played a great part in the battle of Gravelotte (August 18, 1870). (See Metz and Franco-German War.) At St Privat occurred the famous repulse of the Prussian Guard by Marshal Canrobert's corps.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Saintine, Joseph Xavier

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​SAINTINE, JOSEPH XAVIER (1798–1865), French novelist and dramatist, whose real surname was Boniface, was born in Paris on the 10th of July 1798. In 1823 he produced a volume of poetry in the manner of the Romanticists, entitled Poèmes, odes, épîtres. In 1836 appeared Picciola, the story of the comte de Charney, a political prisoner in Piedmont, whose reason was saved by his cult of a tiny flower growing between the paving stones of his prison yard. This story is a masterpiece of the sentimental kind, and has been translated into many European languages. He produced many other novels, none of striking individuality with the exception of Seul (1857), which purported to be the authentic record of Alexander Selkirk on his desert island. Saintine was a prolific dramatist, and collaborated in some hundred pieces with Scribe and others, usually under the name of Xavier. He died on the 21st of January 1865.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Saint Yon

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​SAINT YON, a family of Parisian butchers in the 14th and 15th century. Guillaume de Saint Yon is cited as the richest butcher of the Grande Boucherie in the 14th century. The family played an important role during the quarrels of the Armagnacs and Burgunclians. They were among the leaders of the Cabochian revolution of 1413. Driven out by the Armagnacs, they recovered their influence after the return of the Burgundians to Paris in 1418, but had to flee again in 1436 when the constable, Arthur, earl of Richmond, took the city. Garnier de Saint Yon was échevin of Paris in 1413 and 1419; Jean de Saint Yon, his brother, was valet de chambre of the dauphin Louis, son of King Charles VI. Both were in the service of the king of England during the English domination. Richard de Saint Yon was master of the butchers of the Grande Boucherie in 1460.
See A. Langnon, Paris pendant la domination anglaise (Paris, 1878); A. Colville, Les Cabochiens et l’ordonnance de 1413.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Saint Marys

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​SAINT MARYS, a city of Auglaize county, Ohio, U.S.A., on the Saint Marys river and the Miami & Erie canal, about 85 m. W.N.W. of Columbus. Pop. (1910), 5732. Saint Marys is served by the Lake Erie 81 Western, the Western Ohio (electric), and the Toledo & Ohio Central railways. About 1 m. west is a feeding reservoir of the canal covering about 17,600 acres. Saint Marys is in the Ohio oil region. The city occupies the site of a former Shawnee village, in which a trading post was established in 1782 by James Girty, from whom the place was for some years ​called Girty’s Town. Fort St Marys was built; in 1784 or 1785 by a detachment of General Anthony Wayne’s troops, and in 1812 Ft. Barbee was erected at the instance of General W. H. Harrison by Colonel Joshua Barbee. During the War of 1812 the place was for some time the headquarters of General Harrison’s army. St Marys was laid out as a town in 1823, and became a city in 1903 under the general municipal code which came into effect in that year.