# Hector Servadac (Frewer translation)/Part 2 Chapter VIII

In which the professor and his pupils juggle with sextillions, quintillions and other multiples of the billion.

## CHAPTER VIII. GALLIA WEIGHED.

A QUARTER of an hour later, the visitors to the Hansa had re-assembled in the common hall of Nina's Hive.
“Now, gentlemen, we can proceed,” said the professor “May I request that this table may be cleared?”
Ben Zoof removed the various articles that were lying on the table, and the coins which had been just been borrowed from the Jew were placed upon it in three piles, according to their value.
The professor commenced:
“Since none of you gentlemen, at the time of the shock, took the precaution to save either a metre measure or a kilogramme weight from the earth, and since both these articles are necessary for the calculation on which we are engaged, I have been obliged to devise means of my own to replace them.”
This exordium delivered, he paused and seemed to watch its effect upon his audience, who, however, were too well acquainted with the professor's temper to make any attempt to exonerate themselves from the rebuke of carelessness, and submitted silently to the implied reproach.
“I have taken pains,” he continued, “to satisfy myself that these coins are in proper condition for my purpose. I find them unworn and unchipped; indeed, they are almost new. They have been hoarded instead of circulated;
accordingly, they are fit to be utilized for my purpose of obtaining the precise length of a terrestrial metre.”
Ben Zoof looked on in perplexity, regarding the lecturer with much the same curiosity as he would have watched the performances of a travelling mountebank at a fair in Montmartre; but Servadac and his two friends had already divined the professor's meaning. They knew that French coinage is all decimal, the franc being the standard of which the other coins, whether gold, silver, or copper, are multiples or measures; they knew, too, that the calibre or diameter of each piece of money is rigourously determined by law, and that the diameters of the silver coins representing five francs, two francs, and fifty centimes measure thirty-seven, twenty-seven, and eighteen millimetres respectively; and they accordingly guessed that Professor Rosette had conceived the plan of placing such a number of these coins in juxtaposition that the length of their united diameters should measure exactly the thousand millimetres that make up the terrestrial metre.
They had conjectured rightly. From the pile of forty five-franc pieces. Rosette took ten and spread them out lengthwise in a row upon the table; to these he added the ten two-franc pieces and the twenty fifty-centimes.
“Now, gentlemen,” he said, “here we have the measure of a metre exactly.”
And, taking a scrap of paper, he put down rapidly a few figures, which he handed round for general inspection.
The little calculation was simple enough:—
| 10 5-franc | pieces, each | 37 | millimetres in | diameter | = | .37 | metre. |
| 10 2-franc | " | 27 | " | " | = | .27 | " |
| 30 50-centime | " | 18 | " | " | = | .36 | " |
| | | | Total ... | ... | | 1.00 | metre. |
“I understand perfectly,” said Servadac, when he had examined the paper; “the straight line drawn through the centres of these coins represents a terrestrial metre.”
“Precisely,” replied the professor.
“Dear me!” exclaimed Ben Zoof, in astonishment, “what a thing it is to be learned!”
“Not much learning wanted for that!” said the professor, shrugging his shoulders contemptuously, as he made his marks on the table corresponding to the extremities of the line of money.
The measurement thus obtained was by means of a pair of compasses divided accurately into ten equal portions, or decimetres, each of course 3.93 inches long. A lath was then cut of this exact length and given to the engineer of the Dobryna, who was directed to cut out of the solid rock the cubic decimetre required by the professor.
The next business was to obtain the precise weight of a kilogramme. This was by no means a difficult matter. Not only the diameters, but also the weights, of the French coins are rigidly determined by law, and as the silver five-franc pieces always weigh exactly twenty-five grammes, the united weight of forty of these coins is known to amount to one kilogramme.
“Oh!” cried Ben Zoof; “to be able to do all this I say you must be rich as well as learned.”
With a good-natured laugh at the orderly's remark, the meeting adjourned for a few hours.
By the appointed time the engineer had finished his task, and with all due care had prepared a cubic decimetre of the material of the comet.
“Now, gentlemen,” said Professor Rosette, “we are in a position to complete our calculation; we can now arrive at Gallia's attraction, density, and mass.”
Every one gave him their complete attention.
“Before I proceed,” he resumed, “I must recall to your minds Newton's general law, `that the attraction of two bodies is directly proportional to the product of their masses, and inversely proportional to the square of their distances.' ”
“Yes,” said Servadac; “we remember that.”
“Well, then,” continued the professor, “keep it in mind for a few minutes now. Look here! In this bag are forty five-franc pieces—altogether they weigh exactly a kilogramme; by which I mean that if we were on the earth, and I were to hang the bag on the hook of the steelyard, the indicator on the dial would register one kilogramme. This is clear enough, I suppose?”
As he spoke the professor designedly kept his eyes fixed upon Ben Zoof. He was avowedly following the example of Arago, who was accustomed always in lecturing to watch the countenance of the least intelligent of his audience, and when he felt that he had made his meaning clear to him, he concluded that he must have succeeded with all the rest.
In this case, however, it was technical ignorance, rather than any lack of intelligence, that justified the selection of the orderly for this special attention.
Satisfied with his scrutiny of Ben Zoof's face, the professor went on:
“And now, gentlemen, we have to see what these coins weigh here upon Gallia.”
He suspended the money-bag to the hook; the needle oscillated, and stopped.
“Read it off!” he said.
The weight registered was one hundred and thirty-three grammes.
“There, gentlemen, one hundred and thirty-three grammes! Less than one-seventh of a kilogramme! You see, consequently, that the force of gravity here on Gallia is not one-seventh of what it is upon the earth!”
“Interesting!” cried Servadac, “most interesting! But let us go on and compute the mass.”
“No, captain, the density first,” said Rosette.
“Certainly,” said the lieutenant; “for, as we already know the volume, we can determine the mass as soon as we have ascertained the density.”
The professor took up the cube of rock.
“You know what this is,” he went on to say. “You know, gentlemen, that this block is a cube hewn from the substance of which everywhere, all throughout your voyage of circumnavigation, you found Gallia to be composed— a substance to which your geological attainments did not suffice to assign a name.”
“Our curiosity will be gratified,” said Servadac, “if you will enlighten our ignorance.”
But Rosette did not take the slightest notice of the interruption.
“A substance it is which no doubt constitutes the sole material of the comet, extending from its surface to its innermost depths. The probability is that it would be so; your experience confirms that probability: you have found no trace of any other substance. Of this rock here is a solid decimetre; let us get at its weight, and we shall have the key which will unlock the problem of the whole weight of Gallia. We have demonstrated that the force of attraction here is only one-seventh of what it is upon the earth, and shall consequently have to multiply the apparent weight of our cube by seven, in order to ascertain its proper weight. Do you understand me, goggle-eyes?”
This was addressed to Ben Zoof, who was staring hard at him.
“No!” said Ben Zoof.
“I thought not; it is of no use waiting for your puzzle-brains to make it out. I must talk to those who can understand.”
The professor took the cube, and, on attaching it to the hook of the steelyard, found that its apparent weight was one kilogramme and four hundred and thirty grammes.
“Here it is, gentlemen; one kilogramme, four hundred and thirty grammes. Multiply that by seven; the product is, as nearly as possible, ten kilogrammes. What, therefore, is our conclusion? Why, that the density of Gallia is just about double the density of the earth, which we know is only five kilogrammes to a cubic decimetre. Had it not been for this greater density, the attraction of Gallia would only have been one-fifteenth instead of one-seventh of the terrestrial attraction.”
The professor could not refrain from exhibiting his gratification that, however inferior in volume, in density, at least, his comet had the advantage over the earth.
Nothing further now remained than to apply the investigations thus finished to the determining of the mass or weight. This was a matter of little labour.
Since a cubic decimetre of the hard substance of Gallia would weigh ten kilogrammes upon the earth, Gallia would weigh as many times ten kilogrammes as there were cubic decimetres in its volume. This volume was already known to be 211,432,460 cubic kilometres (i.e. 47,880,000 cubic miles) or 211,432,460 millions of millions of cubic decimetres—a number expressed by 21 digits—and these would represent the number of kilogrammes in the mass of Gallia, which consequently weighed 4,788,566,540 millions of millions of kilogrammes less than the earth.
“And do you know how much the earth weighs?” inquired Ben Zoof, almost losing his breath at these stupendous calculations.
“If I were to tell you, wiseacre, I do not suppose you
would be much the wiser. Have you any idea of what is meant by a thousand millions?”
“Not much, I confess,” said Ben Zoof.
“Well, then, if you owed a thousand million francs, eighteen or nineteen centuries ago, at the beginning of the Christian era, and had been paying a franc a minute ever since, you would not have got out of debt yet.”
“No, that I shouldn't,” answered the orderly; “a quarter of an hour of that fun would have ruined me. But really,” he added, “I should like to hear how much the earth weighs.”
“Five millions, eight hundred and seventy-five thousand trillions of kilogrammes—a number which is formed of twenty-six figures,” said Lieutenant Procope.
“And the moon?”
“Seventy thousand trillions of kilogrammes.”
“And the sun?” Ben Zoof went on.
“Two quintillions of kilogrammes—thirty-one figures,” answered the professor.
“Ay,” said Ben Zoof, “I dare say you are right within a quarter of a gramme.”
The professor frowned and looked angry, but the captain diverted him by making a remark about the diminished force of gravity.
“Yes,” said Rosette; “our muscular force is seven times as great as it was. A man who used to be able to carry a couple of hundred-weight can here carry fourteen.”
“I suppose that accounts for our being able to jump so high,” observed Ben Zoof.
“And if Gallia had been lighter, Ben Zoof, you would have been able to jump higher still,” the lieutenant said.
“Ay, perhaps even over Montmartre,” added the professor, with a malicious twinkle in his eye.
The orderly winced under the retaliation.
“Let me see,” said the captain; “what is the force of gravity upon the various planets?”
“You can't mean, Servadac, that you have forgotten that? But you always were a disappointing pupil.”
The captain could not help himself: he was forced to confess that his memory had failed him.
“Well, then,” said the professor, “I must remind you. Taking the attraction on the earth as 1, that on Mercury is 1.15; on Venus it is .92, on Mars .5, and on Jupiter 2.45; on the moon the attraction is .16, whilst on the surface of the sun a terrestial kilogramme would weigh 28 kilogrammes.”
“Therefore, if a man upon the surface of the sun were to fall down, he would have considerable difficulty in getting up again. A cannon-ball, too, would only fly a few yards,” said Lieutenant Procope.
“A jolly battle-field for cowards!” exclaimed Ben Zoof.
“Not so jolly, Ben Zoof, as you fancy,” said his master; “the cowards would be too heavy to run away.”
Ben Zoof ventured the remark that, as the smallness of Gallia secured to its inhabitants such an increase of strength and agility, he was almost sorry that it had not been a little smaller still.
“Though it could not anyhow have been very much smaller,” he added, looking slyly at the professor.
“Idiot!” exclaimed Rosette. “Your head is too light already; a puff of wind would blow it away.”
“I must take care of my head, then, and hold it on,” replied the irrepressible orderly.
Unable to get the last word, the professor was about to retire, when Servadac detained him.
“Permit me to ask you one more question,” he said. “Can you tell me what is the nature of the soil of Gallia?”
“Yes, I can answer that. And in this matter I do not think your impertinent orderly will venture to put Mont, martre into the comparison. This soil is of a substance not unknown upon the earth.” And speaking very slowly, the professor said: “It contains 70 per cent of tellurium, and 30 per cent, of gold.”
Servadac uttered an exclamation of surprise.
“And the sum of the specific gravities of these two
substances is 10, precisely the number that represents Gallia's density.”
“A comet of gold!” ejaculated the captain.
“Yes; a realization of what the illustrious Maupertuis has already deemed probable,” replied the astronomer.
“If Gallia, then, should ever become attached to the earth, might it not bring about an important revolution in all monetary affairs?” inquired the count.
“No doubt about it!” said Rosette, with manifest satisfaction. “It would supply the world with about 246,000 trillions of francs.”
“It would make gold about as cheap as dirt, I suppose,” said Servadac.
The last observation, however, was entirely lost upon the professor, who had left the hall with an air almost majestic, and was already on his way to the observatory,
“And what, I wonder, is the use of all these big figures?” said Ben Zoof to his master, when next they were alone together.
“That's just the charm of them, my good fellow,” was the captain's cool reply, “that they are of no use whatever.”
1↑ {{{1}}}
2↑ {{{1}}}
3↑
Appended is a table of the weights of various French coins:—
| In gold: | 100 | francs | weigh | 32.25 | grammes. |
| | 50 | " | " | 16.12 | " |
| | 20 | " | " | 6.45 | " |
| | 10 | " | " | 3.22 | " |
| In silver: | 5 | " | " | 25.00 | " |
| | 2 | " | " | 10.00 | " |
| | 1 | " | " | 5.00 | " |
| | .5 | " | " | 2.50 | " |
| In copper: | .1 | " | " | 10.00 | " |
| | .05 | " | " | 5.00 | " |
| | .02 | " | " | 2.00 | " |
| | .01 | " | " | 1.00 | " |
4↑  On this subject an amusing anecdote is related by the illustrious astronomer himself. One day, just after he had been alluding to this as his usual habit, a young man entered the room, and feeling sure the lecturer knew him well, saluted him accordingly. “I regret, I have not the pleasure of your acquaintance,” said M. Arago. “Then surprise me,” replied the young student: “not only am I most regular in my attendance at your lectures, but you never take your eyes off me from the beginning to the end.”
5↑ The earth's weight is estimated at 6,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 tons.
6↑ Translation error. Verne: vingt-cinq chiffres, twenty-five figures.