OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Mill, John Stuart

Mill, John Stuart (1806-1873). -- Philosopher, s. of the above, b. in London, was ed. by his f. with the view of making him the successor of Bentham and himself, as the exponent of the Utilitarian philosophy. In all respects he proved an apt pupil, and by his 15th year had studied classical literature, logic, political economy, and mathematics. In that year he went to France, where he was under the charge of Sir S. Bentham, a brother of Jeremy. His studies had led him to the adoption of the utilitarian philosophy, and after his return he became acquainted with Grote, the Austins, and other Benthamites. In 1823 he entered the India House as a clerk, and, like his f., rose to be examiner of Indian correspondence; and, page 270on the dissolution of the Company, retired on a liberal pension. In 1825 he ed. Bentham's Rationale of Judicial Evidence. During the following years he was a frequent contributor to Radical journals, and ed. the London Review. His Logic appeared in 1843, and produced a profound impression; and in 1848 he pub. Principles of Political Economy. The years between 1858 and 1865 were very productive, his treatises on Liberty, Utilitarianism, Representative Government, and his Examination of Sir W. Hamilton's Philosophy being pub. during this period. In 1865 he entered the House of Commons as one of the members for Westminster, where, though highly respected, he made no great mark. After this political parenthesis he returned to his literary pursuits, and wrote The Subjection of Women (1869), The Irish Land Question (1870), and an Autobiography. M. had m. in 1851 Mrs. Taylor, for whom he showed an extraordinary devotion, and whom he survived for 15 years. He d. at Avignon. His Autobiography gives a singular, and in some respects painful account of the methods and views of his f. in his education. Though remaining all his life an adherent of the utilitarian philosophy, M. did not transmit it to his disciples altogether unmodified, but, finding it too narrow and rigid for his own intellectual and moral requirements, devoted himself to widening it, and infusing into it a certain element of idealism.
Bain's Criticism with Personal Recollections (1882), L. Courtney's John Stuart Mill (1889), Autobiography, Stephens's Utilitarians, J. Grote's Examination of the Utilitarian Philosophy of Mill, etc.
# A catalogue of notable Middle Templars, with brief biographical notices/Benson, Robert

* related authors: Robert Benson.
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Admitted 7 February, 1818.
Third son of the Rev. Edmund Benson, Priest-vicar of Salisbury Cathedral. He was born at Salisbury 5 Feb. 1797. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, and was called to the Bar 23 Nov. 1821. He was appointed Deputy Recorder of Salisbury in 1829, and Recorder 1836. He died in Salisbury 21 June, 1844, and was buried in the Cathedral.
In 1825 he published Sketches in Corsica, the result of a visit to that island in 1823 as a Commissioner on the affairs of General Paoli. He was also the author of The Life and Writings of the Rev. Arthur Collier, his best known work, 1837, and of a History of Salisbury, forming part of Sir Richard Colt Hoare's History of Wiltshire.
# A catalogue of notable Middle Templars, with brief biographical notices/Bell, Beaupré

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Admitted 2 July, 1722.
Only son of Beaupré Bell, of Beaupré Hall, Oatwell [or Outwell], Norfolk. He was educated at Westminster and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he took his B.A. in 1725. From the first he took up the study of antiquities, and especially of coins, and commenced a work on the coins of the Roman Emperors, which, however, was never finished. He became a member of the Spalding Club and contributed many papers to its journal, also to Archæologia. He assisted Blomefield in his History of Norfolk, and Hearne in his antiquarian works, and Cole in his edition of Dugdale's Imbanking. He died on his way to Bath, Aug. 1745, leaving his books, medals, and manuscripts to his college at Cambridge.
# A catalogue of notable Middle Templars, with brief biographical notices/Bell, John

* related authors: John Bell (1764-1836).
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Admitted 10 November, 1787.
Eldest son of Matthew Bell, of Kendal, Westmorland, where he was born 23 Oct. 1764. He graduated at Cambridge in 1786, Senior Wrangler and Smith's Prizeman. In 1790 he entered himself of Gray's Inn, and was called ​to the Bar in 1792. During his student days he read for some time in the chambers of Mr. (afterwards Sir Samuel) Romilly. Lord Eldon (q.v.) declared him the best lawyer at the Equity bar, although he "could neither read, write, walk nor talk," referring to certain physical and other defects. He stammered in his speech, and as regards his writing he used to say he had three hands—one which he himself could read, one which his clerk could read, and another which no one could read. He died 6 Feb. 1836. He was the writer of a pamphlet on the Alterations in the Court of Chancery (1830).
# A catalogue of notable Middle Templars, with brief biographical notices/Bentley, Richard

* related authors: Richard Bentley (1708-1782).
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Admitted 16 August, 1720.
Only son of Rev. Richard Bentley, S.T.P., Master of Trinity College, Cambridge, the famous scholar. He became a member of Trinity College, Cambridge, at the age of ten, and a Fellow at fifteen. He was a man of great ability but lacking in industry. He possessed artistic tastes and supplied the drawings for Walpole's edition of Gray's Poems (1753). In 1761 he composed a Comedy, entitled The Wishes, which was acted at Drury Lane; and another, entitled The Prophet, was produced there after his death (1788). He was the author also of A Mock Heroic, entitled Patriotism (1763). He died in Westminster, Oct. 1782.
# A catalogue of notable Middle Templars, with brief biographical notices/Berkeley, George

* related authors: George Berkeley (1628-1698).
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Admitted 4 August, 1669.
Son of George, eighth Baron Berkeley. He was admitted at the same time as several other famous men, including Jacques du Moulin, "Medicinæ Doctor, amicus carissimus Domini Berkeley." After succeeding to the Barony on the death of his father, 1658, he was one of the Commissioners to the Hague to bring back Charles II., and he performed many other important State functions. In 1677 he was made a Privy Councillor, and in 1679 created Viscount Dursley and Earl of Berkeley. After the flight of James II. he was one of the provisional Government to receive the Prince of Orange. He died 14 Oct. 1698, and was buried at Cranford, Middlesex.
He left behind him a work of a religious character, entitled Historical Applications and Occasional Meditations on several Subjects, published in 1668.
His second son George was admitted 1 Nov. 1667, but afterwards took Holy Orders, and became a Prebendary of Westminster 13 July, 1687. He died in 1694.
# A catalogue of notable Middle Templars, with brief biographical notices/Bell, Sir Robert

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This "sage and grave man," as he is called by Camden, was Reader in the Middle Temple in the autumn of 1566. He was born of an old Norfolk family, but in what year does not appear. He was made a Serjeant-at-Law in 1565, and was knighted the same year. He was a good lawyer, and his arguments are noticed in Dyer's and Plowden's Reports, but he was more famous as a politician. He represented King's Lynn in Parliament during the reign of Elizabeth, and so greatly was he respected in the House that on 8 May, 1572, he was elected Speaker. This great position he filled with credit till the year 1577, when on 24 Jan. he was called to the Judicial Bench as Chief Baron. He died at Leominster of a malady arising, it was said, from the stench of the prisoners in the court at the Assizes at Oxford, which he had just been attending.
# A catalogue of notable Middle Templars, with brief biographical notices/Bere, Richard

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Admitted 7 July, 1520.
This was the last but one of the mitred abbots of the great Benedictine House of Glastonbury before its dissolution. His presence on the list of members seems in this day somewhat of an incongruity; but testifies to the ancient comprehensiveness and eclecticism of the Inns of Court. He was a man of learning and enlightenment, and a friend of Erasmus. He was an architect, and added the chapel of King Edgar to the Abbey, and also lodgings for the secular priests. He also built almshouses, still existing in Glastonbury, and the Manor House of Sharpham, in after times the birth-place of the novelist Fielding (q.v.). He entertained Henry VII. at the Abbey on his expedition against Perkin Warbeck in 1497, and in 1503 was sent to Rome to congratulate Pius III. on his elevation to the papacy. On his return he built the chapels of Our Lady of Loretto and of the Holy Sepulchre in his church. In 1508 he engaged in a controversy with Archbishop Warham respecting the relics of St. Dunstan, which remained unsettled at his death, 20 Jan. 1524.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Rolle, Richard

Rolle, Richard (1290?-1349). -- Hermit and poet, b. at Thornton, Yorkshire, was at Oxf. Impressed by the uncertainty and the snares of life he decided to become a hermit, a resolution which he carried out with somewhat romantic circumstances. He wrote various religious treatises in Latin and English, turned the Psalms into English verse, and composed a poem -- The Pricke of Conscience -- in 7 books, in which is shown the attitude of protest which was rising against certain Papal pretensions and doctrines.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Rollock, Robert

Rollock, Robert (1555?-1599). -- Theologian and scholar, b. in Stirlingshire, was first a Prof. in St. Andrews, and then the first Principal of the Univ. of Edin. He also held office as Prof. of Theology, and was one of the ministers of the High Church. He was one of the earliest of Protestant commentators. He wrote chiefly in Latin, but some of his sermons and commentaries are in vernacular Scotchpage 321.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Roscommon, Wentworth Dillon, 4th Earl of

Roscommon, Wentworth Dillon, 4th Earl of (1633?-1685).—Poet, nephew of the famous Earl of Strafford, was b. in Ireland. He studied and travelled on the Continent, and enjoyed a considerable literary reputation in his own day on the strength of a poetical Essay on Translated Verse, and translations from Horace's Art of Poetry.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Rogers, Samuel

Rogers, Samuel (1763-1855). -- Poet, s. of a banker in London, received a careful private education, and entered the bank, of which, on his father's death, he became the principal partner. From his early youth he showed a marked taste for literature and the fine arts, which his wealth enabled him to gratify; and in his later years he was a well-known leader in society and a munificent patron of artists and men of letters, his breakfasts, at which he delighted to assemble celebrities in all departments, being famous. He was the author of the following poems: The Pleasures of Memory (1792), Columbus (1810), Jacqueline (1814), Human Life (1819), and Italy (1822). R. was emphatically the poet of taste, and his writings, while full of allusion and finished description, rarely show passion or intensity of feeling; but are rather the reflections and memory-pictures of a man of high culture and refinement expressed in polished verse. He had considerable powers of conversation and sarcasm. He was offered, but declined, the laureateship.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Roscoe, William

Roscoe, William (1753-1831). -- Historian, s. of a market-gardener near Liverpool, for a time assisted his f., devoting all his spare time to mental improvement. Subsequently he entered the office of an attorney, and in due time went into business on his own account, continuing, however, his literary studies. In 1799 he joined a local bank as partner and manager, which proved an unfortunate step, as the bank was obliged, in 1816, to suspend payment. In 1795 he rose into fame at a bound by his Life of Lorenzo de' Medici. It was followed in 1805 by the Life and Pontificate of Leo the Tenth, which, though also a work of great ability, had not the same success -- his treatment of the Reformation offending Protestants and Roman Catholics alike. Both works were translated into various languages. He also wrote some poems, including The Butterfly's Ball and the Grasshopper's Feast, and several pamphlets on political questions, including the slave-trade, of which he was a determined opponent. He also took a leading part in the public life of Liverpool, which he represented in Parliament for a few years. He was an accomplished botanist.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Rous, Francis

Rous, Francis (1579-1659). -- Versifier of the Psalms, a Cornishman, and a prominent Puritan, took a leading part in Parliament, was Provost of Eton, and wrote several theological and devotional works. His memory has, however, been chiefly kept green by his translation of the Psalms into verse, which with some modifications was adopted by the Church and Parliament of Scotland for use in public worship, a position which it held almost exclusively until the middle of the 19th century. It is still in universal use in the Presbyterian churches of that country, though now accompaniedpage 323 by hymns. Though rough, and sometimes, through the endeavour to maintain literalness, grotesque, it is strong and simple, and not seldom rises to a certain severe beauty; and association has endeared it to many generations of Scottish Christians.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Rose, William Stewart

Rose, William Stewart (1775-1843). -- Poet and translator, s. of George R., who held various Government offices, including that of Treasurer of the Navy. After being ed. at Eton and Camb., he was appointed Reading Clerk to the House of Lords. He translated the romance of Amadis de Gaul (1803), Partenopex de Blois (1807), etc., and from 1823-31 was occupied with the principal work of his life, his translations from the Italian, including the Orlando Furioso of Ariosto, in which he was encouraged by Sir W. Scott, whose friend he was. He also produced a vol. of poems, The Crusade of St. Louis (1810).
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Rossetti, Christina Georgina

​Rossetti, Christina Georgina (1830-1894).— Poetess, sister of Dante Gabriel R. (q.v.), was b. in London, where she lived all her life. She began to write poetry in early girlhood, some of her earliest verse appearing in 1850 in the Germ, the magazine of the pre-Raphaelites, of which her brother was one of the founders. Her subsequent publications were Goblin Market and other Poems (1862), The Prince's Progress (1866), A Pageant and other Poems (1881), and Verses (1893). New Poems (1896) appeared after her death. Sing-Song was a book of verses for children. Her life was ​a very retired one, passed largely in attending on her mother, who lived until 1886, and in religious duties. She twice rejected proposals of marriage. Her poetry is characterised by imaginative power, exquisite expression, and simplicity and depth of thought. She rarely imitated any forerunner, and drew her inspiration from her own experiences of thought and feeling. Many of her poems are definitely religious in form; more are deeply imbued with religious feeling and motive. In addition to her poems she wrote Commonplace and other Stories, and The Face of the Deep, a striking and suggestive commentary on the Apocalypse.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Rossetti, Dante Gabriel

​Rossetti, Dante Gabriel (1828-1882).— Poet and painter, was b. in London. His f. was Gabriele Rossetti, an Italian scholar, who came to England in 1824, and was Prof. of Italian in King's Coll., London. His mother was Frances Polidori, English on her mother's side, so that the poet was three-fourths Italian, and one-fourth English. He was ed. at King's Coll. School, and began the systematic study of painting in 1842, and in 1848, with Holman Hunt, Millais, and others, founded the pre-Raphaelite school of painting. In 1849 he exhibited the "Girlhood of Mary Virgin," and among his other pictures are "Beata Beatrix," "Monna Vanna," and "Dante's Dream." Simultaneously with art he worked hard at poetry, and by 1847 he had written The Blessed Damozel and Hand and Soul (both of which appeared in the Germ, the magazine of the pre-Raphaelites), Retro me Sathanas, The Portrait, and The Choice, and in 1861 he brought out a vol. of translations from the early Italian poets under the title of Dante and his Circle. The death of his wife in 1862, after a married life of less than two years, told heavily upon him, as did various attacks upon his poetry, including that of Robert Buchanan (q.v.)—The Fleshly School of Poetry—to which he replied with The Stealthy School of Criticism. His Poems which, in the vehemence of his grief, he had buried in the coffin of his wife, and which were afterwards exhumed, appeared in 1870; and his last literary effort, Ballads and Sonnets, containing the sonnets forming The House of Life, in 1881. In his later years he suffered acutely from neuralgia, which led to the habit of taking chloral. Rossetti was fastidious in composition; his poems are as remarkable for condensation, finish, and exact expression of the poet's thought as for their sumptuous colouring and rich concrete imagery. In later years he was subject to depression, and became somewhat embittered, and much of a recluse.
Life by A.C. Benson (English Men of Letters). Family Letters and Memoir by W.M. Rossetti. Poetical Works with preface by the same, etc.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Roper, William

Roper, William (1496-1578). -- Biographer, s. of a Kentish gentleman, m. Margaret, dau. of Sir Thomas More. He has a place in literature for his excellent and appreciative biography of his father-in-law. He was a member of various Parliaments between 1529 and 1558. Although he remained a Roman Catholic, he was permitted to retain his office of prothonotary of the Court of King's Bench after the accession of Elizabeth.
# A memoir of Granville Sharp

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Engraved by P Reason
GRANVILLE SHARP, ESQ$^R$
PHILANTHROPIST.
A
MEMOIR
OF
GRANVILLE SHARP,
TO WHICH IS ADDED SHARP'S "LAW OF PASSIVE OBEDIENCE," AND AN
EXTRACT FROM HIS "LAW OF RETRIBUTION."
BY CHARLES STUART.
NEW YORK: PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN ANTI-SLAVERY SOCIETY,
No. 144 Nassau Street.
WILLIAM S. DORR, PRINTER. 1836.
CONTENTS
Page
Section I.
Section II.
Section III.
Section IV.
Section V.
APPENDIX.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Pardoe, Julia

Pardoe, Julia (1806-1862). -- Novelist and miscellaneous writer, b. at Beverley, showed an early bias towards literature, and became a voluminous and versatile writer, producing in addition to page 295her lively and well-written novels many books of travel, and others dealing with historical subjects. She was a keen observer, and her Oriental travels had given her an accurate and deep knowledge of the peoples and manners of the East. Among her books are The City of the Sultan (1836), Romance of the Harem, Thousand and One Days, Louis XIV. and the Court of France, Court of Francis I., etc.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Paris, Matthew

Paris, Matthew (c. 1195-1259). -- Chronicler, entered in 1217 the Benedictine Monastery of St. Albans, and continued the work of Roger de Wendover (q.v.) as chronicler of the monastery. In 1248 he went on the invitation of Hacon King of Norway to reform the Abbey of St. Benet Holm. In this he was successful, and on his return to England enjoyed the favour of Henry III., who conversed familiarly with him, and imparted information as to matters of state, which constitutes a valuable element in his histories. He had a high reputation for piety and learning, was a patriotic Englishman, and resisted the encroachments of Rome. His chief work is Historia Major, from the Conquest until 1259. In it he embodied the Flores Historiarum of his predecessor Roger, and the original part is a bold and vigorous narrative of the period (1235-59). He also wrote Historia Minor and Historia Anglorum, a summary of the events (1200-1250).
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Park, Mungo

Park, Mungo (1771-1806). -- Traveller, b. near Selkirk, studied medicine at Edin. As a surgeon in the mercantile marine he visited Sumatra, and on his return attracted the attention of various scientific men by his botanical and zoological investigations. In 1795 he entered the service of the African Association, and made a voyage of discovery on the Niger. His adventures were pub. in Travels in the Interior of Africa (1799), which had great success. He m. and set up in practice in Peebles; but in 1805 accepted an invitation by Government to undertake another journey in Africa. From this he never returned, having perished in a conflict with natives. His narratives, written in a straightforward and pleasing style, are among the classics of travel.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Parker, Theodore

Parker, Theodore (1810-1860). -- Theologian, b. at Lexington, Massachusetts, ed. at Harvard, was an indefatigable student, and made himself master of many languages. In 1837 he was settled at West Roxbury as a Unitarian minister, but the development of his views in a rationalistic direction gradually separated him from the more conservative portion of his co-religionists. He lectured on theological subjects in Boston in 1841, travelled in Europe, and in 1845 settled in Boston, where he lectured to large audiences, and exercised a wide influence. He took a leading part in the anti-slavery crusade, and specially in resisting the Fugitive Slave Act. In 1859 his health, which had never been robust, gave way; he went to Italy in search of restoration, but d. at Florence. Although he was a powerful theological and social influence, his writings are not of corresponding importance: it was rather as a speaker that he influenced his countrymen, and he left no contribution to literature of much permanent account, though his coll. works fill 14 vols. Among the most outstanding of his writings are A Discourse of Matters Pertaining to Religion, and Sermons for the Timespage 296.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Patmore, Coventry Kersey Dighton

Patmore, Coventry Kersey Dighton (1823-1896). -- Poet, s. of Peter George P., also an author, b. at Woodford, Essex, was in the printed book department of the British Museum. He pub. Tamerton Church Tower (1853), and between 1854 and 1862 the four poems which, combined, form his masterpiece, The Angel in the House, a poetic celebration of married love. In 1864 he entered the Church of Rome. Thereafter he pub. The Unknown Eros (1877), Amelia (1878), and Rod, Root, and Flower (1895), meditations chiefly on religious subjects. His works are full of graceful and suggestive thought, but occasionally suffer from length and discursiveness. He was successful in business matters, and in character was energetic, masterful, and combative. He numbered Tennyson and Ruskin among his friends, was associated with the pre-Raphaelites, and was a contributor to their organ, the Germpage 298.