OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Deffand, Marie de Vichy Chamroud du

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DEFFAND, MARIE DE VICHY CHAMROUD DU,
One of the most prominent French women of the regency and reign of Louis XV., was born at Paris in 1697, of a family noble and military. Educated in a convent, she early distinguished herself for a tone of raillery on religious subjects. Massillon was called in to talk with her, but "Elle est chamante" was his only reproof. At the age of twenty. Mademoiselle de Vichy married the Marquis da Deffand, from whom her intrigues soon caused her to separate. Eyes remarkable for their beauty and brilliancy, a pleasant smile, and a countenance full of piquancy and expression, were the chief personal attractions of the young marchioness. Brilliant, witty, sceptical, and sarcastic, she drew around her the most distinguished men and women of her time. She had numerous lovers, the regent himself being for a short time among the number; and she possessed the power of securing the constancy of many of them, even up to their dotage.
The greater portion of Madame du Deffand's early life was passed at the court of the brilliant Duchess du Maine, whose friendship she enjoyed. At a later period, failing in her repeated attempts to become a devotee, for which she manifestly had no vocation, she nevertheless established herself in the convent of St. Joseph's, where, in handsome apartments, she gave evening parties and suppers to her friends. Soon after her retreat to the convent, she became totally blind, and continued in that melancholy condition for the last thirty years of her life; a misfortune which she endured with great fortitude. She gathered around her, however, a brilliant intellectual circle, to which she gave the tone, who met for common amusement, and served to dispel the ennui by which she was constantly attacked.
Horace Walpole, who became acquainted with her at this period of her life, has celebrated her in his amusing letters. Their friendship continued uninterrupted till her death, and was cemented by frequent visits to Paris by Walpole, and constant correspondence. Her treatment of Mademoiselle de Lespinasse, whom she first succoured, and then discarded through jealousy, made her many enemies, and drew from her ranks many of her most brilliant visitors. The latter part of her life was only the shadow of what it had been, her ennui, selfishness, and ill-temper repelling even her most attached friends. She died, after a final and unsuccessful attempt to become devout, ​in the month of September, 1780, in the eighty-fourth year of her age.
Madame du Deffand's epistolary writings were characterized by an exquisite style; not obtained, however, it is said, without a degree of labour and study somewhat surprising to the readers of those spontaneous effusions. Her poetry never rose above mediocrity.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Pⁿua
### Pⁿua.
#### 盤$^{-1}$

    A tub-like vessel; a bathing tub; rice vessel; plate.

#### 般$^1$

    A manner; class; way; fashion.

#### 搬$^1$

    To put away; remove; transfer; pass over.

#### 半$^{3-}$

    The half of anything; to divide in the middle.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Sai
### Sai.
#### 西$^1$

    West; westward.

#### 犀$^1$

    An animal of the cow kind; a buffalo; rhinoceros.

#### 獅$^1$

    A lion.

#### 腮$^1$

    The side or lower part of the face; the jaws.

#### 駛$^2$

    Haste; to hasten; sail fast; run.

#### 屎$^2$

    Ordure; excrement.

#### 使$^2$

    To send; to cause; to manage; to succeed; use.

#### 柿$^{-3}$

    A fruit with red skin and soft pulp; the Diosypros.

#### 使$^{3-}$

    A messenger; one sent.

#### 墟$^{3-}$婿$^{3-}$

    A superior; a daughter's huband; a son-in-law.

#### 賽$^{3-}$

    To make a grateful return; to strive to surpass; contend.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Sia
### Sia.
#### 佘$^{-1}$

    A surname.

#### 斜$^{-1}$

    Aslant; oblique; scattered; unsettled.

#### 邪$^{-1}$

    Deflected; depraved; bad; corrupting; lewd; specious.

#### 麝$^{-1}$

    The musk animal; the Moschiferus.

#### 寫$^2$

    To write; draw; paint; to lay down; put away.

#### 舍$^2$

    To expend; use; give up; give.

#### 捨$^2$

    To let go; give up; to give.

#### 社$^{-3}$

    The deity who presides over any given region; local gods.

#### 射$^3$

    To shoot an arrow; to dart, as rays of light.

#### 榭$^3$

    A military school or store house; a case; to store up.

#### 謝$^3$

    To thank; express gratitude; to confess; to decline; take leave; thanks.

#### 赦$^{3-}$

    To remit punishment; to forgive; pardon; let go.

#### 卸$^{3-}$

    To put off; pull down; to ruin; give up.

#### 舍$^{3-}$

    A cottage; a small, mean, broken house.

#### 㵼$^{3-}$

    To drain water from land; a purging; dysentery.

#### 席$^{-4}$

    A mat spread on the ground; a table; feat; repast; to rest.

#### 錫$^4$

    Pewter; tin; to confer; bestow.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Si
### Si.
#### 時$^{-1}$

    Time; a two hour period; a season; the proper time.

#### 塒$^{-1}$

    A hen-roost formed in a wall; a roost.

#### 辭$^{-1}$

    To decline; refuse; words; to decline an invitation to delay; to carry.

#### 匙$^{-1}$

    A spoon; a key.

#### 司$^1$

    To have the control of; to rule; manage; an overseer.

#### 伺$^1$

    To wait for; attend upon; to observe; spy out; examine.

#### 笥$^1$

    A square bamboo chest; a trunk.

#### 尸$^1$

    A body; corpse; an effigy of a deceased person.

#### 鳲$^1$

    A species of pigeon.

#### 屍$^1$

    A dead body; a corpse. ​

#### 施$^1$

    Expanded; spread out; to bestow; give; to use.

#### 系$^1$

    Fine silk; small; fine; delicate; connected.

#### 絲$^1$

    Raw silk; minute; small as a thread of raw silk.

#### 蓍$^1$

    Name of a plant used in divination.

#### 詩$^1$

    A verse; poetry; an ode; what may be sung.

#### 筮$^1$

    Name of an herb used in divination; to divine.

#### 噬$^1$

    To eat; gnaw; devour; grief.

#### 始$^2$

    The beginning; origin; to begin; then; for the first time.

#### 死$^2$

    To die.

#### 屣$^2$

    Straw sandals; shoes that separate from the foot.

#### 蓰$^2$

    Name of a plant; five fold.

#### 蹤$^1$

    Straw sandals worn by wrestlers, dancers &c.

#### 豕$^2$

    The bristles and tail of swine; swine.

#### 彖$^2$

    A pig; a porcupine; a symbol used in divination.

#### 兕$^2$

    A buffalo; rhinoceros.

#### 弛$^2$

    To let go the string of a bow; set loose; unexerted.

#### 矢$^2$

    An arrow; straight as an arrow; swift; true; to vow.

#### 是$^{-3}$

    Straight; right; is; am; this; that; yes; it is so.

#### 侍$^{-3}$

    To stand by the side of; to wait on; an attendant.

#### 峙$^{-3}$

    A lofty mountain; erect; high.

#### 恃$^{-3}$

    To rely or depend on.

#### 氏$^{-3}$

    A family name; an affix to the names of females.

#### 示$^3$

    To declare; manifest; proclaim; teach; make known.

#### 豉$^3$

    A jelly like condiment made of flour or pulse.

#### 誓$^3$

    To swear; utter an oath or imprecation; to bind; a vow an oath.

#### 逝$^3$

    To depart; die; go away.

#### 視$^{3-}$

    To look; view; examine; to teach; take knowledge of; behold.

#### 四$^{3-}$

    Four.

#### 嗜$^{3-}$

    To relish; desire ardently; indulge the animal lusts.

#### 世$^{3-}$

    An age; generation; mankind.

#### 勢$^{3-}$

    Strength; authority; influence; condition of.

#### 蝕$^{-4}$

    To corrode; eat, as insects eat books, cloth &c. - to diminish; eclipse.

#### 薛$^4$

    Name of a plant and of a state; a surname.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Siak
### Siak.
#### 削$^4$

    To cut off; pare; to invade; seize upon.

#### 屑$^4$

    Clear; remnant; observant; attentive; minute; to reduce to powder; to despise.

#### 㨝$^4$

    To take or throw out with the hand.

#### 㳿$^4$

    To leak out; diminish; waste.

#### 渫$^4$

    To remove; to leak out; disperse.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Pⁿio
### Pⁿio.
#### 板$^{-2}$

    A flat board; a board on which lists are made.

#### 秘$^3$

    Blasted grain; tares; small; minute.

#### 稗$^3$

    Tares; weeds similar to grain.

#### 辦$^3$

    To adjust; judge; decide; punish.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Sau
### Sau.
#### 梢$^1$

    The extreme top of a tree; the tips of branches; a pole; small; a rudder.

#### 艄$^1$

    The stern of a boat; a fast boat; swift; rapid. ​

#### 慅$^1$

    Moved; agitated; sorrowful; weariness.

#### 搔$^1$

    To scratch with the fingers; finger nails.

#### 騷$^1$

    Agitated; disturbed; lame; grieved.

#### 蚤$^2$

    A biting insect produced in dry soil; morning.

#### 埽$^{3-}$

    To eject; put away; to sweep the ground; a dike.

#### 掃$^{3-}$

    To brush away; sweep; to search by order of government.

#### 嘯$^{3-}$

    The sound of roaring, hissing, or whistling; to blow.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Se
### Se.
#### 儕$^{-1}$

    Order or class; company; group; forms the plural.

#### 裟$^{-1}$

    A cloak worn by Budhist priests.

#### 紗$^{-1}$

    Gauze; thin silk; crape.

#### 些$^{-1}$

    Small; a few; a little.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Sek
### Sek.
#### 熟$^{-4}$

    Food cooked til quite done; ripe; mature; well acquainted with; experienced.

#### 植$^4$

    Planted; stuck into the ground; erected.

#### 色$^4$

    Color; quality; lust; sexual pleasure; appearance.

#### 釋$^4$

    To unloose; liberate; disperse; explain; to happen.

#### 飾$^4$

    To cleanse; set in; order; adorn; gloss; over; brighten.

#### 嗇$^4$

    Harvest gathered in; to accumulate; covetous; frugal.

#### 穡$^4$

    Grain fit to be gathered in; harvest; avaricious.

#### 識$^4$

    To know; recognise; wisdom; knowledge.

#### 踖$^4$

    Walking; reverent; respectful; to step over.

#### 碩$^4$

    Large; full; ripe; mature; learned; virtuous.

#### 瑟$^4$

    A stringed instrument of music; many; stern.

#### 悉$^4$

    To know perfectly; to investigate; all; entirely.

#### 蟋$^4$

    A cricket; grasshopper.

#### 息$^4$

    To breathe; a breath; to stop; to rest; interest of money.

#### 媳$^4$

    Daughter-in-law; son's wife.

#### 熄$^4$

    To extinguish; to cover up embers to preserve them.

#### 螫$^4$

    The sting of an insect; a poisonous tooth.

#### 式$^4$

    A rule; pattern; specimen; to measure; to imitate. ​

#### 軾$^4$

    A crossbar in carriages and sedan-chairs to lean on.

#### 踷$^4$

    Walking in a crooked manner.

#### 適$^4$

    To go to; to happen; to hit exactly; tranquility; joy.

#### 晳$^4$

    To distinguish; to discriminate clearly.

#### 夕$^4$

    Evening.

#### 穸$^4$

    A long dark night; the tomb.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Seng
### Seng.
#### 成$^{-1}$

    To effect; accomplish; complete; to perfect; to become.

#### 誠$^{-1}$

    Without guile; true; honest; truth; sincerity.

#### 承$^{-1}$丞$^{-1}$

    To be second to; to help; aid; an assistant; a second.

#### 松$^{-1}$

    The pine or fir tree.

#### 升$^1$

    A certain measure about a quart; to accumulate; to ascend; advance.

#### 昇$^1$

    To ascend; peaceful; universal tranquility.

#### 陞$^1$

    To go up steps; to ascend; advance; be promoted.

#### 勝$^1$

    Adequate to; worthy of; to sustain; elevate.

#### 牲$^1$

    Domestic animals; victims for sacrifice.

#### 猩$^1$

    A species of monkey; an ape.

#### 甥$^1$

    A daughter's or sister's children; nephew or niece.

#### 旌$^1$

    A banner; to make signals; to cause to know.

#### 笙$^1$

    An instrument of music consisting of tubes.

#### 眚$^1$

    Something growing over the eye; error; excess; crime; calamity; to diminish.

#### 𢜫$^2$

    To arouse or awaken the mind.

#### 乘$^{-3}$

    To ascend or sit upon; seize a good opportunity.

#### 盛$^{-3}$

    Good in the highest degree; flourishing; abundant; full.

#### 勝$^{3-}$

    To surpass; overcome; to win; to be superior to.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Reel

See also Reel and Reel (dance) on Wikipedia; w:Bead and reel; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​REEL (O.E. hréol, glossed by the Med. Lat. alibrum in Aelfric's Glossary, c. 1050; the word is of unknown origin; it does not appear in cognate languages, and Celtic forms such as Gaelic ruidhil are from English), a cylinder or apparatus of cylindrical shape on which a thread or line can be wound; e.g. the small wooden cylinder with projecting rims at either end on which sewing cotton or silk is wound for immediate use, the revolving “click-reel” attached to a fishing-rod, and the open revolving framework on which thread is wound as it is spun. The name of the Scottish dance (Gaelic righil, ruithil) is probably the same word (see Dance). In architecture, an ornamental moulding consisting of spherical-shaped bodies alternating with flat reel-shaped disks placed on edge is known as a “bead and reel” moulding.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Reedbuck

See also Reedbuck on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ REEDBUCK (Dutch rietbok), the popular name of a foxy red South African antelope (Cervicapra arundineum) of medium size, with a moderately long bushy tail, a bare gland-patch behind the ear, and in the male rather short horns which bend forwards in a regular curve. There are several other species of allied African antelopes included in the genus Cervicapra to which the name of reedbuck is also applied, one of these ranging as far N. as Abyssinia, and another inhabiting W. Africa.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Reef

See also Reef and Reefing on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​REEF (1) (Du. rif, cf. Ger. Riff, Swed. ref, &c., all from O. Nor. rif, rib), in physical geography, a narrow ridge of rock, shingle or sand culminating at or near the surface of the sea. In a transformed sense the word is used in mining of a vein or lode of gold-bearing quartz; (2) (Du. reef, rif, cf. Ger. Reff, Swed. raf, O. Nor. rif, possibly a transferred sense of rif, rib), a part of a sail which can be rolled or folded up, thus diminishing the amount of canvas spread to the wind. In square sails, “reefs” are taken from the top, in fore-and-aft sails from the foot.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Refectory

See also Refectory on Wikipedia; Refectory on Wiktionary; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
REFECTORY, (med. Lat. refectorium, from reficere, to refresh), the hall of a monastery, convent, &c., where the religious took their chief meals together. There frequently was a sort of ambo, approached by steps, from which to read the legenda sanctorum, &c., during meals. The refectory was generally situated by the side of the S. cloister, so as to be removed from the church but contiguous to the kitchen; sometimes it was divided down the centre into two aisles, as at Fountains Abbey in England, Mont St Michel in France and at Villiers in Belgium, and into three aisles as in St Mary’s, York, and the Bernardines, Paris. The refectory of St Martin-des-Champs in Paris is in two aisles, and is now utilized as the library of the École des Arts et Métiers. Its wall pulpit, with an arcaded staircase in the thickness of the wall, is still in perfect preservation.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Reeve

See also Reeve on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​REEVE (O. E. gerefa), an English official who in early times was entrusted with the administration of a division of the country. He was the chief magistrate of a town or district, ​and is the ancestor of the sheriff, the shire-reeve. In addition to the sheriff there were several kinds of reeves, and we are told in the body of laws known as the laws of Edward the Confessor that it is “multiplex nomen; greve enim dicitur de scira, de wapentagiis, de hundredis, de burgis, de villis." Thus we hear of port-reeves, burg-reeves, and tun-reeves, while the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle mentions high reeves. It was the tun-reeve or reve of the township who with four other men represented the township in the courts of the hundred and the shire. In free townships he was probably chosen by the inhabitants; in dependent townships by the lord. A little later there were manor reeves, these being elected by the villains; according to Fleta, their duties were to attend to the cultivation of the land, and to see that each villain performed his proper share of service. The reve of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales was doubtless a steward or bailiff, something equivalent to the grieve in Scotland to-day.
In early English the word reeve was sometimes used as a translation for the prefect or governor of Roman and Jewish times. Some authorities have thought that there is some connexion between the Anglo-Saxon gerefa and the German Graf, but Max Müller (Lectures on the Science of Language, 1885) is inclined to doubt this. J. M. Kemble (Saxons in England, 1876), who goes at length into the history of the reeve, connects the word with rófan or réfan, to call aloud, this making him the original of the bannitor, or pro claimer of the court. At the present time the word reeve is sometimes used to describe a foreman or overseer in a coal mine. It is also used in Canada for the president of a village or town council.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Reeve, Clara

See also Clara Reeve on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​REEVE, CLARA (1729–1807), English novelist, daughter of William Reeve, a Suffolk clergyman, was born at Ipswich in 1729. She was an industrious writer, and produced many works in prose and verse, including a history of the Progress of Romance (1785); but her only eminent success was the novel of The Old English Baron (1777), originally published under the title of The Champion of Virtue. In the history of the English novel she stands midway between Walpole and Mrs. Radcliffe. She died at Ipswich on the 3rd of December 1807.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Reeves, John Sims

See also Sims Reeves on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
REEVES, JOHN SIMS (1818-1900), English vocalist, was born at Woolwich on the 26th of September 1818, and received his musical education from his father, a musician in the Royal Artillery. At the age of fourteen he had progressed so far as to be appointed organist of North Cray church, and could play the oboe, bassoon, violin, and violoncello. He seems to have studied medicine for a year, but changed his mind when he gained his adult voice: it was at first a baritone, and he made his earliest appearance at Newcastle in 1839 in various baritone parts. He studied with Hobbs and T. Cooke, and, his voice having become a tenor, he appeared under Macready's management at Drury Lane (1841-43) in subordinate tenor parts in Purcell's King Arthur, Der Freischütz, and Acis and Galatea, when Handel's pastoral was mounted on the stage with Stanfield's scenery. Four years were spent in study on the Continent, under Bordogni in Paris and Mazzucato in Milan, and his debút in Italian opera was made at the Scala as Edgardo in Lucia. He reappeared in London in May 1847 at a benefit concert for Vincent Wallace, and at one of the Ancient Concerts in the following month, his career on theEnglish operatic stage beginning at Drury Lane in December 1847 in Lucia, under the conductorship of Hector Berlioz. In Balfe's Maid of Honour he created the part of Lyonnel in the same season.
In 1848 he went to Her Majesty's Theatre, singing in Linda di Chamounix; and in the autumn of that year, at the Norwich Festival, made a great sensation in "The enemy said," from Israel in Egypt, a song in which the finest qualities of his ringing voice could be appreciated. From his first appearance at the Sacred Harmonic Society in the following November he was recognized as the leading English tenor; and in Costa's Eli and Naaman the tenor parts were written for him. His first Handel Festival was that of 1857, and the effect of his wonderful declamation in the Crystal Palace was a main attraction of this and of many subsequent festivals. His retirement from public life, at first announced as to take place in 1882, did not actually occur till 1891, when a farewell concert for his benefit was given at the Albert Hall. His savings were invested in an unfortunate speculation, and he was compelled to reappear in public for a number of years. He died at Worthing on the 25th of October 1900.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Rees, Thomas

See also Thomas Rees (Unitarian) and Thomas Rees (Congregational minister) on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​REES, THOMAS (1777–1864), Welsh Nonconformist divine, was born at Gelligron, Glamorgan, and educated at the Presbyterian College, Carmarthen. He entered the Unitarian ministry in 1807 at Newington Green Chapel, London, removing to Southwark 1813 and to Stamford Street, Blackfriars, in 1823. He had the degree of LL.D. of Glasgow (1819). He had a great knowledge of the history of anti-trinitarian opinion, especially during the 16th century. His scattered papers, chiefly in the Monthly Repository (1818–22), on such subjects as “Faustus Socinus and Francis David,” “The Italian Reformation,” “Memoirs of the Socini,” are important. Financial troubles drove him to Spain in 1853, and he died in obscurity at Brighton on the 1st of August 1864.
Another Thomas Rees (1815–1885), a native of Pen Pontbren, Carmarthenshire, held pastorates at Aberdare (1840), Llanelly (1842), Cendl, Mon. (1849) and Swansea (1862), and became chairman of the Congregational Union of England and Wales, but died just before his term of office was to begin. His History of Protestant Nonconformity in Wales (1861; 2nd ed. 1883) is a sound and judicious piece of work.
# A Course in Miracles/Manual for Teachers/Is Each One To Be Judged in the End?
### Is Each One to Be Judged in the End?

Indeed, yes! No one can escape God's Final Judgment. Who could flee forever from the truth? But the Final Judgment will not come until it is no longer associated with fear. One day each one will welcome it, and on that very day it will be given him. He will hear his sinlessness proclaimed around and around the world, setting it free as God's Final Judgment on him is received. This is the Judgment in which salvation lies. This is the Judgment that will set him free. This is the Judgment in which all things are freed with him. Time pauses as eternity comes near, and silence lies across the world that everyone may hear this Judgment of the Son of God:
       "Holy are you, eternal, free and whole,
       At peace forever in the Heart of God.
       Where is the world, and where is sorrow now?"
Is this your judgment on yourself, teacher of God? Do you believe that this is wholly true? No; not yet, not yet. But this is still your goal; why you are here. It is your function to prepare yourself to hear this Judgment and to recognize that it is true. One instant of complete belief in this, and you will go beyond belief to Certainty. One instant out of time can bring time's end. Judge not, for you but judge yourself, and thus delay this Final Judgment. What is your judgment of the world, teacher of God? Have you yet learned to stand aside and hear the Voice of Judgment in yourself? Or do you still attempt to take His role from Him? Learn to be quiet, for His Voice is heard in stillness. And His Judgment comes to all who stand aside in quiet listening, and wait for Him.
You who are sometimes sad and sometimes angry; who sometimes feel your just due is not given you, and your best efforts meet with lack of appreciation and even contempt; give up these foolish thoughts! They are too small and meaningless to occupy your holy mind an instant longer. God's Judgment waits for you to set you free. What can the world hold out to you, regardless of your judgments on its gifts, that you would rather have? You will be judged, and judged in fairness and in honesty. There is no deceit in God. His promises are sure. Only remember that. His promises have guaranteed His Judgment, and His alone, will be accepted in the end. It is your function to make that end be soon. It is your function to hold it to your heart, and offer it to all the world to keep it safe.