OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Jangam

​Jangam. — It is noted, in the Madras Census Report, 1901, that "strictly speaking, a Jangam is a priest to the religious sect of Lingāyats, but the term is frequently loosely applied to any Lingāyat, which accounts for the large numbers under this head (102,121). Jangams proper are said to be of two classes, Pattādikāris, who have a definite head-quarters, and Charamūrtis, who go from village to village, preaching the principles of the Lingāyat sect. Many Jangams are priests to Sūdras who are not Lingāyats, others are merely religious beggars, and others of them go in for trade." In the Census Report, 1891, it is further recorded that "the full name is Jangama Lingāyat, meaning those who always worship a moveable lingam, in contradistinction to the Sthāvara (immoveable) lingam of the temples. ​Only two of the sub-divisions returned are numerically important, Ganāyata and Sthāvara. The sub-division Sthāvara is curious, for a Sthāvara Jangam is a contradistinction in terms. This sub-division is found only in the two northern districts, and it is possible that the Jangam caste, as there found, is different from the ordinary Jangam, for, in the Vizagapatam District Manual, the Jangams are said to be tailors." In the Telugu country Lingāyats are called Jangālu.
The Ganta Jangams are so called, because they carry a metal bell (ganta).
The Jangams are thus referred to by Pietro della Valle.* "At Ikkeri I saw certain Indian Friars, whom in their language they call Giangāma, and perhaps are the same with the sages seen by me elsewhere; but they have wives, and go with their faces smeared with ashes, yet not naked, but clad in certain extravagant habits, and a kind of hood or cowl upon their heads of dyed linen of that colour which is generally used amongst them, namely a reddish brick colour, with many bracelets upon their arms and legs, filled with something within that makes a jangling as they walk. I saw many persons come to kiss their feet, and, whilst such persons were kissing them, and, for more reverence, touching their feet with their foreheads, these Giangāmas stood firm with a seeming severity, and without taking notice of it, as if they had been abstracted from the things of the world." (See Lingāyat.)
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Janjapul

​Janjapul (sacred thread). — An exogamous sept of Bōya.
# Bissell v. City of Jeffersonville

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
65 U.S. 287
Bissell v. City of Jeffersonville
THIS case was brought up by writ of error from the Circuit Court of the United States for the district of Indiana.
The facts of the case are fully stated in the opinion of the court.
It was argued by Mr. Taft upon a brief filed by Taft and Perry, and also one filed by Mr. McDonald, for the plaintiffs in error, and by Mr. Reverdy Johnson upon a brief filed by Mr. Crawford for the defendants.
The reporter despairs of giving an account of these arguments within a reasonable space, and therefore omits them altogether.
Mr. Justice CLIFFORD delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Bissell v. Foss

United States Supreme Court
114 U.S. 252
Bissell v. Foss and others
John F. Dillon and L. C. Rockwell, for appellant.
D. P. Dyer, for appellees.
WOODS, J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Bissell v. Penrose

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.

## Dissenting Opinion

    McLean
United States Supreme Court
49 U.S. 317
Bissell v. Penrose

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Bible (Jewish Publication Society)

The Jewish Publication Society of America Version (JPS) of the Tanakh (the Hebrew Bible) was the first Bible translation published by the Jewish Publication Society of America and the first translation of the Tanakh into English by a committee of Jews. Warning: template has been deprecated.
# Bible (Jewish Publication Society 1917)

תורה נביאים וכתובים
THE HOLY SCRIPTURES
ACCORDING TO THE MASORETIC TEXT
A NEW TRANSLATION
WITH THE AID OF PREVIOUS VERSIONS AND WITH CONSTANT CONSULTATION OF JEWISH AUTHORITIES
PHILADELPHIA
THE JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA
5677–1917
Copyright, 1917, By The Jewish Publication Society of America All rights reserved
Third Impression, August, 1919
The Lakeside Press, Chicago
* Preface
* Table of Scriptural Readings
תורה
THE LAW
| | Page |
| Genesis | 3 |
| Exodus | 65 |
| Leviticus | 118 |
| Numbers | 157 |
| Deuteronomy | 212 |
נביאים
THE PROPHETS
| | Page |
| Joshua | 261 |
| Judges | 293 |
| I Samuel | 325 |
| II Samuel | 366 |
| I Kings | 401 |
| II Kings | 441 |
| Isaiah | 479 |
| Jeremiah | 561 |
| Ezekiel | 644 |
| The Twelve |
| Hosea | 709 |
| Joel | 720 |
| Amos | 725 |
| Obadiah | 734 |
| Jonah | 736 |
| Micah | 739 |
| Nahum | 746 |
| Habakkuk | 749 |
| Zephaniah | 753 |
| Haggai | 757 |
| Zechariah | 759 |
| Malachi | 770 |
כתובים
THE WRITINGS
| | Page |
| Psalms | 777 |
| Proverbs | 883 |
| Job | 924 |
| Song of Songs | 966 |
| Ruth | 973 |
| Lamentations | 978 |
| Ecclesiastes | 987 |
| Esther | 997 |
| Daniel | 1007 |
| Ezra | 1027 |
| Nehemiah | 1039 |
| I Chronicles | 1058 |
| II Chronicles | 1094 |
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Hugh of Remiremont

From volume 7 of the work.
Surnamed CANDIDUS or BLANCUS.
Cardinal, born of a noble family, probably in Lorraine, died soon after 1098. He became a Benedictine at Remiremont, whence he was summoned to Rome by Leo IX and created Cardinal-Priest of San Clemente in 1049. He was a shrewd diplomat, but was loyal to the pope only as long as it was to his own advantage. After the death of Nicholas II in 1061 he adhered to the antipope Cadalous, but submitted to the lawful pope, Alexander II, in 1067. A year later he was sent as legate to Spain. On his way thither he presided over synods at Auch, Toulouse, Gerona, and Barcelona. In Spain he was successful in enforcing celibacy among priests and introducing the Roman in place of the Mozarabic Liturgy, but being accused of simony he was recalled to Rome. In 1072 he was sent as legate to France, where he again committed acts of simony. He succeeded, however, in exculpating himself before Alexander II and his successor Gregory VII. He had wielded great influence upon the election of the latter and was sent by him as legate to France and Spain in 1073. On this embassy he committed new acts of simony, and in consequence was deposed by Gregory VII. From this time on he was a bitter antagonist of Gregory VII. He took a prominent part in the anti-Gregorian synods at Worms in 1076 and at Brixen in 1080 and was repeatedly excommunicated by Gregory VII. The last years of his life are veiled in obscurity.
HOLTKOTTE, Hugo Candidus, ein Freund und Gegner Gregors VII (Münster, 1903); BIHLMEYER in Kirchliches Handlexikon (Munich, 1907), s.v.
MICHAEL OTT
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Hugh of Strasburg

From volume 7 of the work.
Theologian, flourished during the latter half of the thirteenth century. The dates of his birth and death are unknown. His prominence in the history of medieval theology is due to the fact that he is now considered to be the author of the famous "Compendium theologiae" or "Compendium theologicae veritatis", which, on account of its scope and style, as well as its practical arrangement, was for 400 years used as a text-book. By reason of its extensive use and wide circulation it was often copied and later more often printed and reprinted. The work consists of seven books which treat of the Creation, the Fall, the Incarnation, Grace, the Sacraments,, and the Last Four Things.
In the entire medieval literature there is probably no work whose composition has, till very recently, been attributed to so many different authors. The incunabula of Venice, Lyons, Strasburg, Ulm, and Nuremberg enumerated by Hain (Repert. bibliogr.) are without the author's name. Some attribute it to the Dominican Ulrich of Strasburg. Bach in the "Kirchenlexicon" (I, 427) makes Albert of Strasburg the author, but recent reseraches go to show that such a person never existed. Thomas Dorinberg, who supplied the edition of 1473 with an index, was for a long time looked upon as the author; others attributed it to St. Thomas Aquinas. In the magnificent edition of Lyons (1557), furnished with notes and index by the Franciscan John of Combes, it is credited to the Dominican Albert the Great and is placed in the folio edition of the latter's works published at Lyons (1651). Again, some held St. Bonaventure to be its author, with the result that the "Compendium" found a place in the appendix of the eighth volume of his works (Rome, 1588-96).
Among other great theologians to whom it was ascribed are Hugh of Saint Cher, Alexander of Hales, Aureolus, the Oxford Dominican Thomas Sutton, Peter of Tarantasia and others. Recent investigations go to show, however, that the "Compendium" cannot be the work of any of these, but was most probably, if not certainly, written by Hugh of Stasburg. Other works attributed to him are: "Commentarium in IV libros sententiarum"; "Quodlibeta, quaestiones, disputationes et variae in divinos libros explanationes".
JOSEPH SCHROEDER
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Hugh of Digne

From volume 7 of the work.
Friar Minor and ascetical writer; b. at Digne, south-east France, date uncertain; d. at Marseilles about 1285. His close friend and fellow-religious, Fra Salimbene, to whom we are indebted for a great deal of what is known of his life, refers to him in his Chronicles as "one of the most renowned clerics of the world a great preacher and in favour both among the clergy and the people; ever ready to dispute, he was possessed of a fluent speech, and a voice like that of a trumpet; he was a spiritual man ultra modum, so that on hearing him preach one would believe that he was listening to another St. Paul or another Elias." Salimbene also tells us that he was called Hugh of Bareol and that the Lombards knew him as Hugh of Montepesulano. Joinvilliers, in his life of Louis IX (Acta SS., August, V, xxvii), records the visit of Hugh of Digne to the king, who was so impressed with his preaching that he endeavoured to retain him at court, but the saintly friar refused to remain; and on the following day set out again on his tour of evangelization. It was while on a similar journey that he wrote to Blessed John of Parma, who was then at Greccio, prophesying in his letter, among other things, the death of the pope and of St. Bonaventure, and the extinction of the Order of the Templars.
Whatever may be said of the influence of the prophetical writings of the Abbot Joachim of Flora upon Hugh of Digne, which as in the case of his friend Salimbene in his early days was perhaps not inconsiderable, it is certain that he took an active and prominent part in the movement of the "Spirituals". This is evidenced not only from his preaching, but more particularly from his exposition of the Rule of St. Francis and from his other ascetical writings. Among the latter may be mentioned the "Tractus de triplici via in sapientiam perveniendi", attributed to him by Bartholomew of Pisa in his "Conformities", but not to be confounded with the "Incendium Amoris" of St. Bonaventure, which in several codices bears a similar title. He likewise drew up a set of rules or constitutions for his sister, Blessed Douceline, and other pious women, who formed a sort of religious community known as the Dames de Roubans, with Blessed Douceline as their superioress or mistress. A brief biographical sketch of Hugh of Digne in Spanish, which is of indifferent critical value, was published in the "Chronica Seraphica" by Damian Carnejo, who asserts that Hugh of Digne died at Marseilles, where his remains now rest in the Franciscan church of that city beside those of his sister, Blessed Douceline.
SBARALEA, Supplementum et Castigatio ad Scriptores Ordinis Minorum (Rome, 1908), 281-2; WADDIN, Annales Minorum, IV, 401; V, 54, 113; Analecta Franciscana (Quaracchi, 1885-1906), III, 404-6; IV, 317, 341, 379, 539, 540; CARNEJO, Chronica Seraphica, II (Madrid, 1684), 639-40. On Blessed Douceline, see Analecta Franciscana, III, 405-6; and Archivum Franciscanum Historicum, fasc. II and III (Quaracchi, 1908), 491-92.
STEPHEN M. DONOVAN
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Hugh of Fleury

From volume 7 of the work.
(Called also HUGO A SANTA MARIA, from the name of the church of his native village).
Benedictine monk and ecclesiastical writer; d. not before 1118. He is known only by his writings. (1) In 1109 he compiled an ecclesiastical history in four volumes, up to the death of Charles the Great (814). In the following year he made another edition of the work in six volumes, arranging the contents in a better manner, adding notes, especially of a theological nature, and omitting a few things, bringing it up to 855. It appeared in print for the first time at Münster, in 1638, edited by Bernhard Rottendorf, This contains also a letter to Ivo of Chartres and a preface to King Louis the Fat. It is in Migne, P. L., CLXIII. (2) A book narrating the "acts of the Frankish kings" (842-1108). (3) A chronicle of the kings of France from Pharamond, the legendary first king, to Philip 1(1108). In French this is in the Guizot collection, VII, 65-86. This and the next work were formerly ascribed to Ivo of Chartres. (4) An abbreviated chronicle of the kings of France, written for King Louis VI, in the work of Rottendorf. (5) "De regia potestate et sacerdotali dignitate" addressed to King Henry II of England, during the controversy on investiture, opposing Hugh of Flavigny who upheld the ideas maintained by Pope Gregory VII. With great freedom Hugh of Fleury tries to settle the dispute and advances views later embodied in the concordats [see Sackur in "Neues Archly" (1891), 369; Mansi, II, 184-197]. (6) Remodelling of a life, previously written by someone else, of St. Sacerdos, Bishop of Limoges. (7) Continuation of a work "De miraculis S. Benedicti Floriaci patratis". Great credit must be given Hugh of Fleury for his labour in collecting material and for systematic arrangement of the same. He has been frequently confounded with another Hugh of Fleury, who became Abbot of Canterbury and died in 1124.
Hurter, Nomenclator; BIHLMEYER in BUCHBERGER, Kirchl. Handlex., x.v. Hugo, no. 11; MITTERMÜLLER in Kirchenlex., s.v. Hugo von Fleury.
FRANCIS MERSHMAN
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Hugh of St-Cher

From volume 7 of the work.
(Latin DE SANCTO CARO; DE SANCTO THEODORICO).
A Dominican cardinal of the thirteenth century; b. at St-Cher, near Vienne, in Dauphiné (France), about 1200; d. at Orvieto (Italy), 19 March, 1263.
He studied philosophy, theology, and jurisprudence in Paris, and next taught law in the same city. In 1225 he entered the Order of St. Dominic, and soon discharged therein the office of provincial, and next (1230) that of prior of the Dominican monastery in Paris. He became the confidant and adviser of several bishops, and the trusty envoy of Gregory IX to Constantinople (1233). In 1244 Innocent IV raised him to the cardinalate, and was greatly helped by him at the Council of Lyons (1245). The same pontiff entrusted him with various important affairs, approved whatever changes Hugh suggested in the altogether too strict rule which Albert the Patriarch of Jerusalem, had wished to impose on the Carmelites, and after the death of the Emperor Frederick II, sent him as his legate to Germany. Alexander IV appointed him one of the examiners of the so-called "Evangelium Æternum".
Chiefly through Hugh's exertions, the Dominicans were provided with a new Biblical "Correctorium", which is still extant in manuscript, and which is still known as "Correctorium Hugonis" and "Correctorium Praedicatorum". His "Postillae in universa Biblia juxta quadruplicem sensum, litteralem, allegoricum, moralem, anagogicum" has often been printed, and bears witness to his untiring industry as a compiler of explanations of the Sacred Text. He is justly regarded as the first author of a verbal "Concordance" to Holy Writ, a work which became the model for all following publications of the kind (see ). Cardinal Hugh composed also numerous shorter works, among which may be mentioned: "Speculum Sacerdotum et Ecclesiae"; "Sermones dominicales", "Sermones de Tempore et Sanctis"; "Commentarius in IV. libros Sententiarum".
DUPIN, Histoire des Controverses et des Matières Ecclesiastiques traitèes dans le treizième siècle (Paris, 1698); QUÉTIF, Scriptores Ordinis Praedicatorum (Paris, 1719) TOURON, Histoire des hommes illustres de l'Ordre de St-Dominique (Paris, 1743); FABRICIUS, Bibliotheca Latina mediae et infimae Aetatis (Florence, 1858)
FRANCIS E. GIGOT
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Huguccio

From volume 7 of the work.
(HUGH OF PISA)
Italian canonist, b. at Pisa, date unknown; d. in 1210. He studied at Bologna, probably under Gandolphus, and taught canon law in the same city, perhaps in the school connected with the monastery of SS. Nabore e Felice. In 1190 he became Bishop of Ferrara. Among his pupils was Lothario de' Conti, afterwards Innocent III, who held him in high esteem as is shown by the important cases which the pontiff submitted to him, traces of which still remain in the "Corpus Juris" (c. Coram, 34, X, I, 29). Two letters addressed by Innocent III to Huguccio were inserted in the Decretals of Gregory IX (c. Quanto, 7, X, IV, 19; c. In quadam, 8, X,III,41). Besides a book, "Liber derivationum", dealing with etymologies, he wrote a "Summa" on the "Decretum" of Gratian, concluded according to some in 1187, according to others after 1190, the most extensive and perhaps the most authoritative commentary of that time. He omits, however, in the commentary on the second part of the "Decretum" of Gratian, Causae xxiii-xxvi, a gap which was filled by Joannes de Deo.
SARTI, De claris archigymnasii Bononiensis professoribus, I (Bologna, 1896), 353 sq.; SCHULTE, Geschichte der Quellen und Literatur des canonischen Rechts (Stuttgart, 1875-80) I, 156-70; GILLMANN, Paucapalea und Paleoe bei Huguccio in Archiv fur katholisches Kirchenrecht, LXXXVII (Mainz, 1908), 466-79.
A. VAN HOVE
# Bontz v. Kansas/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
377 U.S. 162
Bontz v. Kansas
The motion to dismiss is granted and the appeal is dismissed for want of a substantial federal question.
Mr. Justice BLACK, Mr. Justice DOUGLAS and Mr. Justice HARLAN are of the opinion that probable jurisdiction should be noted.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Book

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Book."
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* "A Book", a poem by Emily Dickinson
* "Book," by Alfred William Pollard in Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed., 1911)
* The Book, a short story by H. P. Lovecraft.
* "The Book", a poem by John Greenleaf Whittier.
* "The Book", a poem by John Cowper Powys.

## See also

* Help:Books, an introduction to creating books and using the book tool on Wikisource
* Books and Reading
# Book-Auction Records

Book-Auction Records is a periodical, published from 1902 onwards. Certain parts of this work are in the public domain in the United States because they were published before 1929.
* Volume 1
** Part 1 (1903) External scan External scan
** Part 2 (1904) External scan External scan External scan External scan
* Volume 2 (1905) External scan External scan
* Volume 3 (1906) External scan External scan External scan External scan
* Volume 4 (1907) External scan External scan External scan
* Volume 5 (1908) External scan External scan
* Volume 6 (1909) External scan
* Volume 7 (1910) External scan
* Volume 8 (1911) External scan
* Volume 9 (1912) External scan
* Volume 10 (1913) External scan
* Volume 11
* Volume 12 (1915) External scan
* Volume 13 (1916) External scan
* Volume 14 (1917) External scan
* Volume 15 (1918) External scan
* Volume 16 (1919) External scan
* Volume 17 (1920) External scan
* Volume 18 (1921) External scan
* Volume 19 (1922) External scan
# Bontz v. Kansas

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
377 U.S. 162
Bontz v. Kansas
Verne M. Laing, for appellant.
William M. Ferguson, Atty. Gen. of Kansas, and Keith Sanborn, for appellee.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Bonwit Teller Company v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
283 U.S. 258
Bonwit Teller Company v. United States
Argued: March 16, 1931. --- Decided: April 13, 1931
Mr. Arthur B. Hyman, of New York City, for petitioner.
Mr. Charles B. Rugg, Asst. Atty. Gen., for the United States.
Mr. Justice BUTLER delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Bonny lass of Calder Braes (1806)/The silly young maid

THE SILLY YOUNG MAID.
COnfin’d in the house till the age of fifteen, Not a man. but a clown, whom my face had yet seen; An aunt to instruct me, a formal old maid,
And I, sil y I, beliv’d all she said
My aunt in the grave, to the town, I straight flew, And instantly fond of its pleasures I grew;
The sparks flew around me wherever I went. But I, silly I, could not guess what they meant.
They call’d me a goddess, and sighing declar d That the toasts of the town were not like me so fair; They vow’d and they swore, and my pity invok’d, And I, silly I, believ’d all they spoke.
​They tickl’d my pride, but my heart it was free, And not one of them all was a conquest to me; ‘Till young Strephon advanc’d, and quickly he taught, What I, silly I, till that moment ne’er thought.
With good breading and sense love he did declare, Not like the vain fops who before did appear;
His expressions were sweet and sprung from his mind, And I, happy I with young Strephon was join d
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Bonny lass of Calder Braes (1806)/The tell tale

THE TELL TALE.
BLAB not what you ought to smother, honour’s laws should sacred be; Boasting favours from another, ne er will favour gain with me, Ne er will favour gain with me.
But inspir d with indignation, sooner I’d (illegible text) apes in hell, ​E’er I’d trust my reputation, with such fools as kiss and tell.
He who finds a hidden treasure, never shou’d the same reveal: He, who beauty crowns with pleasure, cautious should his joys conceal.
He with whom my heart I ll venture, shall my fame from censure save, One where truth and wisdom centre,] and as secret as the grave.
FINIS
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse