OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Lawrence (2.)

See also Lawrence, Massachusetts, on Wikipedia; Lawrence in the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
LAWRENCE, a city of Massachusetts, U.S., one of the county seats of Essex county, 26 miles by rail north of Boston, on the Merrimack, about 35 miles from its mouth. The greater part lies on the north side of the river, to the west of the Spicket. Lawrence is emphatically a manufacturing town, and its rise and rapid development are mainly due to the abundant water-power supplied by the dam across the Merrimack and distributed by a canal a mile long and 14 feet deep. This is the property of the Essex Company, which was incorporated in 1845, and spent $250,000 on the construction of the dam—a piece of granite masonry 1629 feet in length. The Bay State Woollen Mills (capital $2,000,000) and the Atlantic Cotton Mills (capital $1,800,000), both chartered in 1846, were the first great establishments to take advantage of the position. The Lawrence Duck Company and the Pacific Mills (capital $300,000 and $2,500,000) followed in 1853; the Washington Mills ($1,650,000), taking the place of the Bay State, in 1858; the Everett ($800,000) and the Pemberton Mills ($450,000) in 1860, the Lawrence Woollen Company in 1863, the Arlington in 1865. There are now eight large “corporations,” the largest of which, the Pacific Mills, alone employs 5800 operatives, and produces weekly 1,500,000 yards of cloth, printed or dyed. In 1880 the total number of looms in the cotton and woollen mills was 10,460, of spindles 345,988, and of operatives 12,124; and it is calculated that the average rate of production is 28,800,000 yards per week. The goods are of a varied description—broad cloth, fine flannels, shawls, pantaloon stuffs, felts, ticks, ginghams, &c. There are a number of large paper-mills in the town, as well as establishments for the manufacture of steam-engines, carriages, sewing machines, cordage, earthenware. Among the principal buildings and institutions may be mentioned the city hall (erected in 1847), the county court-house, the opera-house, the Oliver grammar school, and a public library (22,000 volumes). There are three public parks, one (17½ acres) in the heart of the city. Water works, deriving their supplies from the Merrimack, were opened in 1876 at a cost of $1,700,000; the people had previously depended on wells and cisterns for drinking water. The population in 1850 was 8232; in 1860, 17,669; in 1870, 28,921; in 1880, 39,178. Lawrence, so-called in honour of the Lawrence family of Boston, was incorporated as a town in 1847, and attained the rank of a city in 1853.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Latin Literature

See also Latin literature on Wikipedia; Latin Literature in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
LATIN LITERATURE. See Rome.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Le Mans

See also Le Mans on Wikipedia; Le Mans in the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
LE MANS. See Mans, Le.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Lansingburgh

See also Lansingburgh, New York on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
LANSINGBURGH, a village in Rensselaer county, New York, U.S., is situated on the east bank of the Hudson, close to Troy, and nearly opposite Waterford, to which a bridge extends. The village was organized in 1774. Its staple product is brushes, known all over the States; but oil-cloth and crackers are also made. The population in 1880 was 7437.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Lawrence (1.)

See also Lawrence, Kansas, on Wikipedia; Lawrence in the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
LAWRENCE, a city of Kansas, U.S., the capital of Douglas county, is situated on both sides of the Kansas river, about 40 miles above its junction with the Missouri. Founded in 1854 by the Massachusetts Emigrant Aid Society as a centre of the anti-slavery party, Lawrence was at first retarded in its development by the disturbed condition of the State; but its population has rapidly in creased from 1645 in 1860 to 8511 in 1880, and it is now the fourth city in the State in population and wealth. It is a considerable railway junction, has a good trade, and numbers among its manufacturing establishments a pork-packing factory, planing-mills, foundries, carriage works, grist-mills, and breweries. A dam has been constructed across the Kansas. In 1862-63 the State university was settled at Lawrence, the buildings occupying a fine site on Mount Oread, a bluff in the south-west part of the city; in 1880 it had 14 teachers and 438 students. In 1856 Lawrence was sacked and partially burned by a party of soldiers and Missourians claiming to act with the sanction of the U.S. Government, and in 1863, during the civil war, it was captured and burned by a Confederate guerilla force.
# Traffic Signs Manual/Chapter 4/2013/22

May be used With diagram 572 573 or 950 7 The symbol may be reversed
May be used only in combination with diagram 950. "tests" may be varied to "training". "Child cycle tests" may be varied to "Cycles crossing" or to "Cycle event". A distance, an arrow or both may be added
22.2 Diagram 950.1 may be displayed when a children’s cycle testing or training session is in progress. It must be used with diagram 950 and be removed when the session is completed. When a cycle rally or similar event is in progress, the variant "Cycle event" may be used. An indication of the distance to the hazard may be included, and an arrow pointing to the left or to the right if the hazard is in another road.
# Traffic Signs Manual/Chapter 4/2013/23

23.1 The purpose of the beacon is to indicate the presence of a refuge which might be obscured by other traffic, the brow of a hill or a bend. It is not normally necessary on refuges which carry lighting columns or traffic light signals.
23.2 The beacon consists of an illuminated spherical globe conforming to the following requirements prescribed in regulation 57 (regulation 46 in the Northern Ireland Regulations, where the dimensions are slightly different):
(i) the globe shall be white;
(ii) it shall have a diameter of not less than 275 nor more than 335 mm;
(iii) the height of the centre of the globe above the surface of the carriageway in the immediate vicinity shall be not less than 3800 mm nor more than 5000 mm.
23.3 The beacon post should, except as provided in para 23.4, be coloured grey or black, unless it is of aluminium, concrete or galvanised metal construction, in which case it may retain its natural colour (see direction 45). Two white bands must be added, each band being between 275 and 335 mm in depth, separated by a gap of the same dimensions. The top white band should be between 275 and 335 mm below the white globe. The two white bands may be internally illuminated. Signs to diagram 610 to indicate which side drivers should pass may be added at a higher level than those mounted in the bollards.
23.4 When a beacon is placed on a street refuge or central reservation at a Zebra crossing and yellow globes are also attached to the same post, the post from ground level up to the point where the yellow globes are attached must be coloured in alternate black and white horizontal bands. The lowest band must be black and be between 275 and 1000 mm deep, with the other bands being not less than 275 nor more than 335 mm deep. Above the point where the yellow globes are attached, the post should be coloured in accordance with para 23.3.
# Traffic Signs Manual/Chapter 4/2013/20

MILITARY VEHICLES
May be used with diagram 570
20.1 The sign to diagram 582 may be used at locations where military vehicles are expected either to cross the road ahead or to be moving at low speed along the road. If the vehicles have regular entry and exit points along the road, distance plates may be appropriate (see section 18).
SLOW LORRIES
May be used only in combination with diagram 583.7
May be used only in combination with diagram 583. The distance may be varied (see Appendix C)
20.3 The slow-moving vehicles signs, diagrams 583 and 583.1, are intended for use on roads where the gradient is such as to have an adverse effect on the speed of heavy commercial vehicles, thereby causing a potential hazard to other vehicles in the same lane. This is not simply a question of congestion. The problem can occur even when there is more than one lane. At times of light traffic flow, a vehicle being driven in the left hand lane at 70 mph might close unexpectedly rapidly on a slow-moving lorry, or on a queue of vehicles waiting to pass it.
20.4 The criteria for using these signs will differ from the criteria for normal steep hill signs because they are aimed at drivers following the slow vehicle and not at the driver of the slow vehicle itself. In addition to the gradient of the hill, consideration should be
​QUEUES LIKELY
May be used only in combination with diagram 584.1
May be used only in combination with diagram 584. An arrow may be added to the sign. "Queues likely" may be varied to "Queues likely on slip road"
20.5 Drivers should expect to meet queues on the approaches to roundabouts or traffic signals, where adequate advance warning can usually be given using signs to diagram 510 (see paras 2.13 to 2.18) or 543 (see section 8) as appropriate. The "Queues likely” signs, diagrams 584 and 584.1, are intended for use where drivers might unexpectedly come across a queue, e.g. around a bend or over the brow of a hill. These signs should be used only where there is a persistent problem, causing a significant hazard, despite the presence of the standard warning signs and are not appropriate as a general warning of congestion. They should be sited sufficiently far in advance of the obstruction to the sight line to enable drivers to stop in time. Distance plates must not be used.
20.6 Where the queue is likely to be in a road that leads from a junction ahead, the "Queues likely" plate may incorporate an arrow pointing to the left or to the right as appropriate. Details are shown on the working drawing (see para 1.8).
20.7 The sign may also be used on motorways or other high-speed dual carriageway roads with grade separated junctions where queues on an exit slip road regularly extend back onto the main carriageway. Where queues on the slip road effectively shorten the deceleration length available, but do not usually extend onto the main through carriageway, the variant "Queues likely on slip road" should be used. Care should be taken to ensure that the assembly does not obstruct the driver's view of existing signs.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Water-dock

Edition of 1802.
​Water-dock. See Dock.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Water-Pepper

Edition of 1802.
​WATER-PEPPER, Lakeweed, or Biting Snakeweed, Polygonum hydropiper, L. an indigenous plant, growing on the sides of rivulets, lakes, and ditches; flowering from July to September.—The whole of this vegetable possesses a very acrid taste: its fresh leaves have, nevertheless, with advantage been applied externally, for cleansing old fistulous ulcers, and consuming fungous flesh. An infusion of these leaves is said to promote the urinary discharge in phlegmatic habits; and has frequently been of service in scorbutic complaints. When mixed with soft soap, the ashes of the lake-weed are used, as a nostrum, for dissolving the stone in the bladder.—According to Dr. Withering, the acrimony of this herb rises on distillation; and 2 or 3 half pints of the water, drunk daily, have been found very effectual in some nephritic cases. It imparts a yellow colour to wool. The Water-Pepper is refused by every species of cattle.—See also Blister.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Water-cowbane

Edition of 1802.
​Water-cowbane. See Hemlock, the long-leaved Water.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Water-avens

Edition of 1802.
​Water-avens, See Avens.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Water-can

Edition of 1802.
​Water-can. See Yellow Water-Lily.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Water-cress

Edition of 1802.
​Water-cress. See Cress.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Water-hemlock

Edition of 1802.
​Water-hemlock. See Hemlock, the Water.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Water-colours

Edition of 1802.
​Water-colours. See Colour-making, vol. ii. p. 34.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Water-elder

Edition of 1802.
​Water-elder. See Common Guelder-rose.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Cælius Aurelianus

See also Caelius Aurelianus on Wikipedia; Caelius Aurelianus on Wikipedia, Aurelianus in the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
AURELIANUS, Cælius, a celebrated Latin physician, born probably at Sicca in Numidia, but regarding whose life scarcely anything is known. The very date at which he flourished is quite uncertain. In his books he refers frequently to Soranus, and does not mention Galen, from which it has been inferred that he lived at a period inter mediate between these two writers, i.e., during the 2d century A.D. But if the writings under his name are, as seems at least probable, translations or paraphrases from Soranus, the absence of any reference to Galen can easily be understood. Again, Galen does not mention Aurelianus, though he notices many minor physicians ; from which fact, together with the corrupt Latin style of his extant works, it has been supposed by several authorities that the more correct date is the 5th century A.D. The writings of Aurelianus, which are composed from the point of view of the methodical school, and show considerable practical skill in the diagnosis of ordinary and even of exceptional diseases, consist of the following: (1.) A treatise, in three books, on acute diseases (Acutarum or Celerum Passionum), Paris, 1533 and 1826. (2.) A treatise, in live books, on chronic diseases (Tardarum or Chronicarum Passionum}, Basle, 1529. Both these treatises were published together in 1566, and frequently since. (3.) Fragments of a com prehensive treatise on medical science in the form of a dialogue (Medicinales Responsiones], referred to in the preface to the work on acute diseases, have been discovered and published by Val. Rose in his Anecdota Grceca et Cfrceco- Latina, vol. ii. 1871.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Darmstadt

See also Darmstadt on Wikipedia; Darmstadt in the 11th Edition;; and the disclaimer.
Plan of Darmstadt.
| 1. Infantry Barracks. | 9. Ständehaus. |
| 2. Theatre. | 10. Town Hall. |
| 3. Armoury. | 11. Town Church. |
| 4. Grand Duke's Stables. | 12. Gymnasium. |
| 5. Chancery. | 13. Polytechnium. |
| 6. Prince Alexander's Palace. | 14. Palace of Prince Louis. |
| 7. Statue of Grand Duke Louis I. | 15. Catholic Church. |
| 8. Grand Ducal Palace, Museum, | 16. Palace of Prince Charles. |
| and Library. | 17. Cavalry Barracks. |
Darmstadt is mentioned in the 11th century, but in the 14th century it was still a village, held by the Counts of Katzenellnbogen. It came by marriage into the possession of the house of Hesse in 1479, the male line of the house of Katzenellnbogen having in that year become extinct. The imperial army took it in the Schmalkaldic war, and destroyed the old castle. In 1567, after the death of Philip the Magnanimous, his youngest son George received Darmstadt and chose it as his residence. He was the founder of the line of Hesse-Darmstadt.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Darnétal

See also Darnétal on Wikipedia; Darnétal on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
DARNÉTAL, a town of France, in the department of Seine-Inférieure, and 21/2 miles east of Rouen, on two small streams called the Aubette and the Robec. It has a fine Gothic church, and manufactures woollens, flannels, cottons, and paper. Population in 1871, 5636.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Covington

See also Covington, Kentucky on Wikipedia; Covington & History of Covington at Wikipedia; Covington in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
COVINGTON, a city of the United States, in Kenton County, Kentucky, on the Ohio, at its confluence with the Licking, and directly opposite Cincinnati (see plan, p. 783 of vol. v.). Its principal buildings are the city hall, the United States court house, the high school, the Oddfellows' hall, the hospital of St Elizabeth, the Benedictine priory of St Joseph's, and the Benedictine nunnery of St Walburga; and its industrial establishments comprise numerous tobacco and cigar factories, and several iron-mills, distilleries, glass-works, stove factories, &c. Covington, as well as the contiguous town of Newport, is practically a suburb of Cincinnati, with which they have communication by a bridge and steam ferries. Since 1871 it has been supplied with water by water works on the Holly system. Covington was founded in 1812, and received incorporation as a city in 1834 In 1840 its population was 2026; in 1860, 16,471; and in 1870, 24,505. A considerable proportion of the inhabitants are Roman Catholics. There is a German orphan asylum about 4 miles from the city under Catholic management
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Cœlius Sedulius

See also Coelius Sedulius on Wikipedia; Coelius Sedulius and "A Solis Ortus Cardine..." on Wikipedia; Coelius Sedulius in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
SEDULIUS, Cœlius, a Christian poet of the 5th century, was the author of an abecedarian Hymnus de Christo in iambic dimeters, portions of which maintain their ground in the offices of the Church of Rome, viz., in the Christmas hymn “A solis ortus cardine," and in that for Epiphany (altered from “Herodes hostis impie”). His other works are Paschale Carmen s. Mirabilium Divinorum Libri V., originally in four or five books in hexameter verse and afterwards enlarged and turned into prose, and Veteris et Novi Testamenti Collatio, in elegiac verse. De Verbi Incarnatione, a Virgilian cento, has also been ascribed to him, but on insufficient grounds. Of his personal history nothing is known, except that he is called a presbyter by Isidore of Seville; by some other writers of less authority he is designated “antistes” or “episcopus.” A Scoto-Irish origin has sometimes been claimed for him; but at all events he must not be confounded with Sedulius the grammarian, an Irish Scot who lived in the 9th century. The best edition of his works is that of Arevalus (4to, Rome, 1794).
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Daisy

See also Bellis perennis on Wikipedia; Bellis & Bellis perennis on Wikipedia; Compositae in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
DAISY, the name applied to the plants constituting the genus Bellis, of the natural order Compositæ, and sub-order Corymbiferæ. The flowers in this genus have a small, hemispherical, erect calyx; florets of the disk numerous and tubular; phyllaries strap-shaped and slightly notched; filaments hair-like and very short; anthers forming a cylindrical notched tube; achenes obovate and compressed; and no pappus. The common daisy, B. perennis, is the only representative of the genus in Britain and Ireland. It is a perennial abundant everywhere in pastures and on banks in Europe, except in the most northerly regions, where, as in America, it is a garden-plant. The stem of the daisy is short; the leaves are numerous, crenate or crenate-serrate, slightly hairy, obovate-spathulate, and arranged in a rosette; and the rootstock is creeping, and of a brownish colour. The flowers are to be found from March to November, and occasionally in the winter months. Their scapes bear single blossoms, with phyllaries in one row, and often red externally or at the tips; the florets of the disk are short and yellow. The size and luxuriance of the plant are much affected by the nature of the soil in which it grows. The cultivated varieties, which are numerous, bear finely-coloured flowers, and make very effective borders for walks. What is known as the “hen-and-chicken” daisy has the main blossom surrounded by a brood of sometimes as many as 10 or 12 small flowers, formed in the axils of the scales of the involucre. The daisy (Ang. Sax., dæges eage, day's eye) rolls up its florets on the approach of rain, and unfolds them once more on the return of bright weather; and, like the marigold, it “goes to bed wi’ the sun, and with him rises weeping.” Chaucer writes—
| “ | The daisie, or els the eye of the daie, |
| | The emprise, and the floure of flouris alle; |
and again—
| “ | To seen this floure agenst the sunne sprede |
| | Whan it riseth early by the morrow, |
| | That blissful sight softeneth all my sorrow;” |
and the flower is often alluded to with admiration by the other poets of nature. To the farmer, however, the daisy is a weed, and a most wasteful one, as it exhausts the soil and is not eaten by any kind of stock. In French the daisy is termed la marguerite (μαργαρίτης, a pearl), and “herb margaret” is stated to be an old English appellation for it. In Scotland it is popularly called the gowan, and in Yorkshire it is the bairnwort, or flower beloved by children. The Christmas and Michaelmas daisies are species of aster; the ox-eye daisy is the species Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Culm

See also Culm (disambiguation) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
In the 9th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, Culm may refer to:
* Anthracite, kind of coal;
* Kulm, town, Prussia; or
* Kulm, town, Bohemia.
# Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007/Title VI
## TITLE VI--ACCELERATED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

    Subtitle A--Solar Energy
       SEC. 601. SHORT TITLE.
       SEC. 602. THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.
       SEC. 603. CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER COMMERCIAL APPLICATION STUDIES.
       SEC. 604. SOLAR ENERGY CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT AND CERTIFICATION GRANTS.
       SEC. 605. DAYLIGHTING SYSTEMS AND DIRECT SOLAR LIGHT PIPE TECHNOLOGY.
       SEC. 606. SOLAR AIR CONDITIONING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.
       SEC. 607. PHOTOVOLTAIC DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM.
    Subtitle B--Geothermal Energy
       SEC. 611. SHORT TITLE.
       SEC. 612. DEFINITIONS.
       SEC. 613. HYDROTHERMAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.
       SEC. 614. GENERAL GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.
       SEC. 615. ENHANCED GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.
       SEC. 616. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY PRODUCTION FROM OIL AND GAS FIELDS AND RECOVERY AND PRODUCTION OF GEOPRESSURED GAS RESOURCES.
       SEC. 617. COST SHARING AND PROPOSAL EVALUATION.
       #SEC. 618. CENTER FOR GEOTHERMAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER.
       SEC. 619. GEOPOWERING AMERICA.
       SEC. 620. EDUCATIONAL PILOT PROGRAM.
       SEC. 621. REPORTS.
       SEC. 622. APPLICABILITY OF OTHER LAWS.
       SEC. 623. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
       SEC. 624. INTERNATIONAL GEOTHERMAL ENERGY DEVELOPMENT.
       SEC. 625. HIGH COST REGION GEOTHERMAL ENERGY GRANT PROGRAM.
    Subtitle C--Marine and Hydrokinetic Renewable Energy Technologies
       SEC. 631. SHORT TITLE.
       SEC. 632. DEFINITION.
       SEC. 633. MARINE AND HYDROKINETIC RENEWABLE ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.
       SEC. 634. NATIONAL MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND DEMONSTRATION CENTERS.
       SEC. 635. APPLICABILITY OF OTHER LAWS.
       SEC. 636. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
    Subtitle D--Energy Storage for Transportation and Electric Power
       SEC. 641. ENERGY STORAGE COMPETITIVENESS.
    Subtitle E--Miscellaneous Provisions
       SEC. 651. LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.
       SEC. 652. COMMERCIAL INSULATION DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM.
       SEC. 653. TECHNICAL CRITERIA FOR CLEAN COAL POWER INITIATIVE.
       SEC. 654. H-PRIZE.
       SEC. 655. BRIGHT TOMORROW LIGHTING PRIZES.
       SEC. 656. RENEWABLE ENERGY INNOVATION MANUFACTURING PARTNERSHIP.