OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Singleton, Francis Corbet

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​Singleton, Francis Corbet, was clerk of the Legislative Council and Government Resident of the Murray district, Western Australia, from 1840 to 1847; a member of the Legislative Council of that colony nominated by the Crown, from 1844 to 1847; Auditor-General of South Australia from May 8th, 1847, to Jan. 1851; clerk of the Executive Council of South Australia from Dec. 1850 to Dec. 1851; clerk of the wholly nominated Legislative Council of South Australia from Dec. 1850 to August 1851; clerk of the partly elected Council from August 1851 to Feb. 1857; and clerk of the wholly elected ​Legislative Council, under the Constitution Act, from Feb. 1857 till his death on May 10th, 1887. Mr. Singleton was the third son of Francis Corbet, of Aclare, co. Meath, who assumed the additional name of Singleton in compliance with the will of his great grand-uncle, the Right Hon. Henry Singleton, sometime Master of the Rolls and Chief Justice of the Common Pleas in Ireland. Mr. Singleton, who was born on Dec 17th, 1812, was in the royal navy in early life. He married Louisa, daughter of Rev. Thomas Gore, of Mulranken, co. Wexford.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Sinnett, Frederick

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​Sinnett, Frederick, journalist, was a son of Mrs. Percy Sinnett, a well-known English authoress, and was educated for the profession of civil engineer. He went to South Australia in 1849 as engineer to the Adelaide and Port Railway Company; but the scheme was never carried out. He contributed regularly to the Mining Journal, edited by George Stevenson, at that time considered the best-conducted paper in South Australia. When the Victorian gold fields were discovered in 1851 Mr. Sinnett left South Australia for Melbourne, and accepted an engagement as contributor to the Herald, of which paper he became eventually editor and part proprietor. About 1855 he severed his connection with that paper and became a contributor to the Melbourne Argus, with which journal he remained till 1859, with the exception of a short period spent in editing the Daily News at Geelong. About the time that he joined the Argus was commenced the Melbourne Punch, of which journal he was one of the founders, and to the success of which he greatly contributed. In 1859 Mr. Sinnett again returned to South Australia to take the management of the Adelaide Ice Works. During his sojourn in South Australia from 1859 to 1865 he edited the Daily Telegraph, and was Parliamentary reporter for Hansard. He returned to Melbourne in 1865, where he resumed his connection with the Argus and was retained on the literary staff of that paper as contributor and leader-writer until within a short time of his death on Nov. 23rd, 1866.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Sitwell, Hon. Robt. Sacheverell Wilmot

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​Sitwell, Hon. Robt. Sacheverell Wilmot, B.A., son of the late Robert Sacheverell Sitwell, of Morley, co. Derby, by Charlotte Anne, daughter of Francis Bradshaw, was born in Nov. 1823, and educated at Brasenose College, Oxford where he matriculated in June 1841, and graduated B.A. in 1845. He entered at the Middle Temple in April 1846, and was called to the bar in May 1849. Mr. Sitwell emigrated to Australia, and was admitted to the Victorian bar in Feb. 1853. He was Solicitor-General in the first responsible ministry formed in Victoria, from Feb. 25th to March 11th, 1857. He married, on Dec. 18th, 1861, Mary Blanch daughter of John Senior, of Birkenhead and subsequently resided in England.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Sladen, Douglas Brooke Wheelton

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​Sladen, Douglas Brooke Wheelton, LL.B., a well-known Australian littérateur, is the eldest son of Douglas Brooke Sladen and Mary his wife, eldest daughter of John Wheelton, Sheriff of London in 1840. He was born in 1856, and took open classical scholarships at Cheltenham College and at Trinity College, Oxford, where he graduated B.A. with first-class honours in modern history. In 1879 he emigrated to Melbourne, where he graduated B.A. and LL.B. at the local university. In 1882 he was appointed to the chair of history in the university of Sydney. This he resigned in 1884, and returned to England. He has published "Frithjof and Ingebjorg" (1881); "Australian Lyrics" (Melbourne, 1882; London, 1885); "Poetry of Exiles" (Sydney, 1883; London, 1886); "A Summer Christmas" (1884); "In Cornwall and across the Sea," (1885); "Edward the Black Prince" (1887); also two novels: "Dick Stalwart, an Oxonian," and "Seized by a Shadow." More recently he has edited "Australian Ballads and Rhymes," in Mr. William Sharp's Canterbury Poet Series, published in London and New York, and a larger anthology called "Australian Poets" (London, 1888). Mr. Sladen is a nephew of the late Sir Charles Sladen (q.v.).
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Sladen, Hon. Sir Charles

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​Sladen, Hon. Sir Charles, K.C.M.G. LL.D., sometime Premier of Victoria second son of John Baker Sladen, of Ripple Park, co. Kent, by Ethelred eldest daughter of Kingsman Baskett St. Barbe, of London, was born in 1816 and educated at Shrewsbury and at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he graduated S.C.L. in 1837, LL.B. in 1840, and LL.D. in 1867. He emigrated to Port Phillip in 1842, and practised as a solicitor at Geelong till 1854. In December of that year he was acting Treasurer during the absence of Captain Lonsdale, and held the same post as member for Geelong ​under Mr. Haines, in the first Ministry formed after the inauguration of responsible government, from Nov. 1855 to March 1857. At the first general election for the Assembly held under the new constitution, in 1856, he unsuccessfully contested Geelong, and remained out of Parliament till 1864, when he was elected to the Legislative Council for the Western province. He became the acknowledged leader of the Conservative Party in the Upper House during the struggle between the MᶜCulloch Government, representing the majority in the Assembly, with the Council over the backing, firstly of the Tariff, and afterwards of the Darling grant, to the annual Appropriation Bill. During the heat of the crisis caused by the resignation of Sir James MᶜCulloch, in May 1868, he came to the aid of the Governor, and though in a hopeless minority in the popular House, formed a ministry, of which he was Premier and Chief Secretary, and which, in the teeth of adverse votes in the Assembly, held office for two months, when the crisis was terminated by the expudiation of the grant to his wife by ex-Governor Darling. Sir Charles did not seek re-election for the Western province, when, in August of the same year, his seat became vacant by effluxion of time. In 1876, however, he was again returned by his old constituents, and took a strong Conservative stand in defence of the privileges of the Council during the struggle with the Berry Government and the Assembly over payment of members, the Land Tax, and Reform of the Upper House. Sir Charles was created K.C.M.G. in 1875. He married in 1840 Harriet Amelia, daughter of William Orton, who survived him, and died at Sandhurst, Victoria, on June 12th, 1887. Sir Charles died in 1884.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Slattery, Hon. Thomas Michael

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​Slattery, Hon. Thomas Michael, M.L.A., was born on Dec. 17th, 1844, and was appointed a junior clerk in the New South Wales Customs in August 1864. After serving in other departments, he was appointed chief clerk of the Supreme Court, deputy-registrar of the Divorce Court, and secretary of the Barristers' Admission Board in Sept. 1874. In July of the next year he was admitted an attorney, solicitor and proctor, passing with special credit; and in Jan. 1876 was appointed Prothonotary and Curator of Intestate Estates and Registrar of the Divorce and Vice-Admiralty Courts of New South Wales. Subsequently embracing a political career, he was returned to the Legislative Assembly for Boorowa, which he still represents. Mr. Slattery was Minister of Justice in the short-lived Dibbs Ministry, from Jan. to March 1889; and when Mr. Dibbs returned to power in Oct. 1891 was appointed Minister of Mines, a position he still holds.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Young, James Henry

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​Young, James Henry, M.L.A., late Minister for Works, New South Wales, and ex-Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, in which he sits for Hastings and Manning, was Minister of Public Instruction in the last Robertson Ministry from Dec. 1885 to Feb. 1886. In March 1887 he was elected Speaker of the Assembly, and was re-elected in Feb. 1889. In Oct. 1890 he resigned. Mr. Young, who has represented his present constituency since 1880, is the son of James Young by his marriage with Maria Druce, and was born at Moor Court, Hampshire, on May 15th, 1834. Mr. Young, who commenced life in the Peninsular and Oriental Company's service, finally gave up seafaring for commercial pursuits in 1853, arriving in Sydney in July 1859. He was appointed Minister for Public Works in the Parkes Ministry in August 1890, and held the post, in which he succeeded Mr. Bruce Smith, until the retirement of the Cabinet in Oct. 1891. He married in July 1859 at Port Macquarie, N.S.W., Ellen, daughter of Major Kemp.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Youl, Sir James Arndell

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​Youl, Sir James Arndell, K.C.M.G., eldest son of the late Rev. John Youl, a Church of England clergyman—who after a missionary career in Tahiti, was appointed chaplain at Port Dalrymple, Tas., in 1819—was born in 1810. He spent a number of years in Tasmania, and on his return to England, where he has long resided, after a series of patient and very interesting experiments, succeeded in introducing salmon and trout into the rivers of that colony, and also made the first shipment of salmon ova to Otago, N.Z., for which he received a vote of thanks from the provincial government, accompanied by a handsome silver vase. He was political agent for Tasmania in 1861-3; was for seven years hon. secretary and treasurer to the Australian Association, which succeeded in prevailing on the Imperial Government to establish a mail service to Australia via the Red Sea, and in getting the Australian sovereign made legal tender throughout the British dominions. He was acting Agent-General for Tasmania from Feb. to Oct. 1888, when Mr. (now Sir) Edward Braddon arrived to take up the position. He was created C.M.G. in 1874, and K.C.M.G. on New Year's Day, 1891. Sir James married, first, in 1839, Eliza, daughter of William Cox, of Hobart Villa, New South Wales; and, secondly, in 1881, Charlotte, widow of William Robinson, of Caldicot House, Clapham Park.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Young, Adolphus William

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​Young, Adolphus William, was the son of John Adolphus Young, of Hare Hatch Lodge, Berks, where he was born in 1814. He practised in Sydney as a lawyer for some years, and was High Sheriff of New South Wales from 1842 to 1849. Mr. Young represented Port Phillip in the Legislative Council of New South Wales before Victoria was formed into a separate colony. On returning to England he was M.P. for Yarmouth from 1857 to 1859, and in 1865 was returned for Helston. Having been unseated in the following year, he was re-elected in Dec. 1868. In 1837 Mr. Young married Ann Eliza, daughter of Edward Smith, of Woodford Wells, who died in 1845. Two years later he married Jane, eldest daughter of Charles Throsby, of Throsby Park, N.S.W., and died in 1885.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Zeal, Hon. William Austin

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​Zeal, Hon. William Austin, M.L.C., M.Inst.C.E., Postmaster-General, Victoria, comes of a Devonshire family, and was born on Dec. 5th, 1830. He has long been in practice in Melbourne as a civil engineer. He was elected to the Legislative Council of Victoria in 1882 for the North-Central province, and on the reconstruction of the Shiels Ministry in April 1892, was appointed Postmaster-General and representative of the Government in the Upper House.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/a'Beckett, His Honour Thomas

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​a’Beckett, His Honour Thomas, puisne judge, Victoria, is the eldest son of Mr. Thomas Turner a’Beckett (q.v.) and was born in 1836. He went to Victoria with his father, and returned to London in 1856, entering as a student of Lincoln’s Inn on May 18th, 1857. He won a studentship in Nov. 1859, and was called to the bar on Nov. 17th of the same year. Judge a’Beckett returned to Victoria, and was admitted to the bar there on Aug. 16th, 1860, and practised before the Supreme Court in Melbourne. He married, in 1875, Isabella, daughter of Sir Archibald Michie, K.C.M.G., Q.C. (q.v.) and was appointed a puisne judge of the Supreme Court of Victoria on Sept. 30th, 1886. Mr. Justice a’Beckett was formerly a law lecturer in Melbourne University, but resigned in 1880. He is still a member of the Faculty of Law in the University, and was elected a member of the Council on Jan. 10th, 1887.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Wyselaskie, John Dickson

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​Wyselaskie, John Dickson, was born at Sanquhar, Dumfriesshire, on June 25th, 1818. He went to Port Phillip in 1838, and settled on land near Mount Buninyong, successfully engaging in pastoral pursuits. He died on May 4th, 1883, bequeathing the following sums to public institutions:—Presbyterian Church, £20,000; to build the Wyselaskie Theological Hall, £10,000; University of Melbourne, to found twelve scholarships, £12,000; to build the Wyselaskie Hall, Presbyterian Ladies' College, East Melbourne, £5,000; to the Presbyterian Church, Sanquhar, Scotland, Mr. Wyselaskie's birthplace, £5,000; to the Presbyterian Church, Wickliffe, near Mr. Wyselaskie's station, £2,000: a total of £54,000.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Yuille, William Cross

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​Yuille, William Cross, was born at Cardross, Dumbartonshire on March 28th, 1819, and after spending three years in the West India firm of Jas. Ewing & Co., in Glasgow, emigrated to Tasmania, where he arrived in Dec. 1836. In February of the following year Mr. Yuille landed with a flock of merino sheep, at Point Henry, near Geelong, in the new settlement of Port Phillip. He took up a run at Murgheballoak on the Barwon River, and formed one of the search party organised to look for Messrs. Gellibrand and Hesse, who had disappeared, and were afterwards ascertained to have been murdered by the blacks. After doing much pioneering and exploration work in various parts of what is now the colony of Victoria, Mr. Yuille, in 1838, removed to the Ballarat district; and two years later, having sold his station there, went to New Zealand, where he was present at the ceremony of taking possession of those islands for the British Government by Governor Hobson, and the signing of the memorable treaty of Waitangi. Returning to Victoria Mr. Yuille embarked in squatting at Rockbank, on the Werribee plains, occupying the country from within a few miles of Williamstown to Mount Cotterell. There he owned and trained a number of successful performers on the Victorian turf, and after revisiting England several times, where he made fresh purchases, he settled in Williamstown in 1885, and reared numerous winners in his stables. Mr. Yuille was for many years one of the foremost men on the Victorian turf, being one of the stewards of the Jockey Club, handicapper to the Victoria Racing Club, and one of the leading members of Tattersall's committee, until his retirement in 1881. For six years he contributed to the Australasian under the soubriquet "Peeping Tom," and is the compiler of the "Australian Stud Book," which is recognised as the standard work of reference throughout the Australasian Colonies.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Young, Sir Henry Edward Fox

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​Young, Sir Henry Edward Fox, C.B., sometime Governor of South Australia and Tasmania, was the third son of Colonel Sir Aretas W. Young, who was Governor of Prince Edward Island from 1831 to 1836. He was born in 1810, and entering the Colonial service held several official posts in the West Indies. He was knighted in 1847, and appointed Lieut.-Governor of the eastern province of the Cape of Good Hope; but was shortly afterwards transferred to South Australia, where he assumed the Governorship as the successor of Colonel Robe in August 1848. In his new capacity he was as go-ahead in his policy as his predecessor had been cautious and reactionary. Through the offer of a bonus of £4000 the navigability of the Murray river was demonstrated by Captain Cadell, but Governor Young failed in his attempt to clear away the sandy bar at its mouth, and wasted £20,000 in the vain effort to establish a harbour at Port Elliott, near the entrance to the river. In 1851 the discovery of gold in Victoria deprived South Australia of a large part of its population, who took with them most of the available coin in the colony. In order to meet the crisis caused by the scarcity of the circulating medium, Governor Young gave his assent to the Bullion Act, which established a new currency consisting of gold cast into small bars or ingots. For endorsing this measure he was censured by the Home Government for exceeding his powers, but the necessity of the step was not seriously called in question. By his prudent action in establishing a reliable escort between Ballarat, in Victoria, and Adelaide, much of the gold won at the new Eldorado found its way to South Australia, and steps were also taken, in the end successfully, to stimulate the discovery of the precious metal within the colony. In Dec. 1855 Sir Henry Fox Young left South Australia to assume the Governorship of Tasmania, where he took office as successor to Sir William Denison in Jan. 1855, and carried with him the necessary powers ​for introducing responsible government in the island colony. This was successfully done, and Sir Henry Fox Young held office till Dec. 1861, when he returned to England and retired from the colonial service. He married in 1848 the eldest daughter of Charles Marryat, of Park Field, Potter's Bar, and niece of Captain Marryat, the celebrated novelist. He died in London on Sept. 18th, 1870.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Younghusband, William

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​Younghusband, William, was one of the promoters of the Murray River Steam Navigation Company, which enabled Captain Cadell in 1853 to win the £4000 bonus offered by the Government of South Australia for the initiation of steam communication on the Murray. Having represented Stanley in the mixed Legislative Council for five years prior to the inauguration of responsible government in 1856, he was elected to the new Legislative Council, and was Chief Secretary in the Hanson Government from Sept. 1857 to May 1860. This being the first stable administration formed subsequent to the disappearance of the old officials from public life, it fell to Mr. Younghusband to organise the various Government departments inaugurated under the new régime. This he did with consummate ability, and for many years the public business of the colony was transacted on the lines he laid down. Mr. Younghusband was a director of the Bank of Australasia, and retired from the Legislative Council by rotation in Feb. 1861. He died at Rome in May 1863.
# The Elements of Euclid for the Use of Schools and Colleges/Introductory Remarks

INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.
The subject of Plane Geometry is here presented to the student arranged in six books, and each book is subdivided into propositions. The propositions are of two kinds, problems and theorems. In a problem something is required to be done; in a theorem some new principle is asserted to be true.
A proposition consists of various parts. We have first the general enunciation of the problem or theorem; as for example, To describe an equilateral triangle on a given finite straight line, or Any two angles of a triangle are together less than two right angles. After the general enunciation follows the discussion of the proposition. First, the enunciation is repeated and applied to the particular figure which is to be considered; as for example, Let AB be the given straight line: it is required to describe an equilateral triangle on AB. The construction then usually follows, which states the necessary straight lines and circles which must be drawn in order to constitute the solution of the problem, or to furnish assistance in the demonstration of the theorem. Lastly, we have the demonstration itself, which shews that the problem has been solved, or that the theorem is true.
Sometimes, however, no construction is required; and sometimes the construction and demonstration are combined.
The demonstration is a process of reasoning in which we draw inferences from results already obtained. These results consist partly of truths established in former propositions, or admitted as obvious in commencing the subject, and partly of truths which follow from the construction that has been made, or which are given in the supposition of the proposition itself. The word hypothesis is used in the same sense as supposition.
To assist the student in following the steps of the reasoning, references are given to the results already obtained which are required in the demonstration. Thus I. 5 indicates that we appeal to the result established in the fifth proposition of the First Book; Constr. is sometimes used as an abbreviation of Construction, and Hyp. as an abbreviation of Hypothesis.
It is usual to place the letters q.e.f. at the end of the discussion of a problem, and the letters q.e.d. at the end of the discussion of a theorem, q.e.f. is an abbreviation for quod erat faciendum, that is, which was to be done; and q.e.d. is an abbreviation for quod erat demonstrandum, that is, which was to be proved.
# The Drama of Three Hundred and Sixty Five Days/Five Months After

​FIVE MONTHS AFTER The next of the flashes as of lightning that revealed the drama of the past 365 days came to us at Christmas. The war had then been going on five months, showing us many strange and terrible sights, but nothing stranger and more terrible than the changed aspect of warfare itself. A battlefield had ceased to be a scene of pomp and of personal prowess, with the charging of galloping cavalry, the clash of glittering arms, and the advancing and retiring of vast numbers of soldiery. It was now a broad and desolate waste, in which no human figure was anywhere visible as far as the eye could reach—a monstrous scar on the face of the globe, such as we see in volcanic countries, only differing in the evidence of design that came of long, parallel lines of turned-up soil, which were the trenches wherein hundreds of thousands of men lived under the surface of the ground. Over this barren waste there was almost perpetual smoke, and through the smoke a deafening cannonading, which came of the hurling through the air of scythes of steel, called shells. Sometimes the shells were burying themselves unbroken in the empty earth, but too often they were scouring the trenches, where they were bursting into jagged parts and sending up showers of horrible fragments which had once been the limbs of living men. ​Such was warfare by machinery as the world caught its first, full, horrified sight of it between the beginning of August and the end of December 1914. But even out of that maelstrom of horror there had been glimpses of great things—great heroisms, great victories, and great proofs of the power to endure. A rigid censorship, rightly designed to keep back from the enemy the information that would endanger the lives of our soldiers, was also keeping us in ignorance of many glorious incidents of the war such as would have thrilled us up to our throbbing throat. But some of them could not possibly be concealed, so we heard of the gallant stand of the dauntless sons of our daughter Canada, and we saw our great old warrior, Lord Roberts, going out to the front in his eighty-third year to visit his beloved Indian troops, dying as was most fit on the battlefield, within sound of the guns in the war he had foretold, and then being brought home, borne through the crowded streets of London and buried under the dome of St. Paul's, amid the homage of his King and people.