OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hawes, Benjamin

​HAWES, Sir BENJAMIN (1797–1862), under-secretary for war, was born in London in 1797. His father, Benjamin Hawes of the New Barge House, Lambeth, soap-boiler, was elected F.S.A., and died in Russell Square, London, in 1861. His mother's maiden name was Feltham. Benjamin was educated at Dr. Carmalt's school at Putney, and when of age entered into partnership with his father and uncle. He first held office as a magistrate and deputy-lieutenant for Surrey. He took an active part in the quarter sessions, and after the Reform Bill passed was elected for the newly created borough of Lambeth. This seat he held from 12 Dec. 1832 to the general election of 1847. He represented Kinsale from 11 March 1848 until his retirement in 1852. In his earlier career he meddled with many affairs which he did not understand, and exposed himself to ridicule, but with experience gained the respectful attention of the House of Commons. His oratorical powers were above mediocrity. Though not a member of the league, he was a strenuous advocate of the repeal of the corn laws. He worked hard in behalf of the penny postage system. It was owing to a motion of his in 1841 that the Fine Arts commission was appointed, and to him it is due that the British Museum was opened to the public on holidays. He was a supporter of the Thames tunnel scheme, and interested himself in the battle of the gauges. He was an early advocate of the electric telegraph, and made the first arrangement for the partnership between Sir William Fothergill Cooke and Sir C. Wheatstone in 1837. He had theories upon ventilation, and patronised Babbage's calculating machine. When the whigs came into office, he was appointed under-secretary of state for the colonies on 6 July 1846. He was transferred to the war department, and became the deputy-secretary on 31 Oct. 1851. In the following year he gave up his seat in parliament and turned his full attention to the duties of his office, in which he earned a reputation for ability and zeal. General Jonathan Peel stated that the adoption of the Armstrong gun was largely due to Hawes. When the experience of the Crimean war led to the remodelling of the war office, he took in 1857 the post of permanent under-secretary. For his services during the war he was created a K.C.B. on 5 Feb. 1856. He held office till his death, which took place at 9 Queen Square (now 26 Queen Anne's Gate), Westminster, on 15 May 1862.
In 1820 he married Sophia Macnamara, daughter of Sir Marc Isambard Brunel. She died on 17 Jan. 1878.
Hawes was the author of: 1. ‘A Narrative of an Ascent of Mont Blanc during the Summer of 1827 by Mr. W. Hawes and Mr. C. Fellows,’ 1828. 2. ‘The Abolition of Arrest and Imprisonment for Debt considered in Six Letters,’ 1836. 3. ‘Speech of B. Hawes, jun., in opposition to the second reading of the Bank of England Charter Bill,’ 1844. He also wrote a paper in the ‘Transactions of the Central Society of Education,’ 1838.
[Times, 16 May 1862 p. 9, 21 May p. 5; Francis's Orators of the Age, 1847, pp. 345–50; Gent. Mag. 1862, pt. ii. pp. 101–3.]
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Havilland, Thomas Fiott de

​HAVILLAND, THOMAS FIOTT de (1775–1866), lieutenant-colonel, eldest son of Sir Peter de Havilland (d. 1821), knight, of Havilland Hall, Guernsey, by his wife Cartaretta, daughter and heiress of the Rev. Thomas Fiott, was born at Havilland in April 1775. In 1793 he obtained a Madras cadetship, and on 3 May 1793 was appointed ensign in the Madras engineers (pioneers). His subsequent commissions were: lieutenant 1796, captain 1806, major 1815, lieutenant-colonel 1824. He served at the siege of Pondicherry in 1793, and at the reduction of Ceylon in 1795–6; he marched with Colonel Browne's force (four thousand men) from Trichinopoly to assist in the operations against Tippoo Sahib in 1799, and accompanied Baird's troops up the Red Sea to Egypt in 1801. On his return he was captured by a French cruiser, but was speedily released. He served with his corps until 1812, when he returned home on furlough, and was commissioned to build the Jeybourg barracks, Guernsey. In 1814 he was appointed civil engineer and architect for the Madras presidency, an appointment he held until his retirement from the service (after his father's death), 20 April 1825.
He was an officer of much zeal, ability, and originality. When stationed at Seringapatam, where he erected some important military works, he proposed to bridge the Cauvery with five brick arches of 110 feet span and only eleven feet rise, a very bold conception for that day. The authorities scouted the idea, and to prove its feasibility De Havilland erected a similar arch in his garden, which is still standing. He attempted to determine the mean sea level at Madras from daily observations extending over six months, and a datum line, known as ‘De Havilland's benchmark,’ may yet be seen on a stone let into the wall of Fort St. George. He constructed the Mount road, and built the bulwark or old sea wall of Madras. In 1822 he wrote a report on Indian limestones, and recommended that collectors should be instructed to forward specimens of limestones from their several districts for analysis and comparison of the structural values. He built the cathedral and St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church, Madras, the latter considered one of the handsomest European structures in India. He recommended the survey of the Panjam passage for the improvement of the port, a work carried out by one of his subalterns, the present General Sir Arthur Cotton.
After his retirement De Havilland devoted ​himself to the affairs of Guernsey, of which he was a justice and member of the legislature. He married in 1808 Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Saumarez, by whom he had two sons: Thomas, a captain in the 55th foot (d. 1843), and Charles Ross de Havilland, a clergyman, who also died before his father, and two daughters. He died at Beauvoir, Guernsey, on 23 Feb. 1866, aged 90.
[Vibart's Hist. Madras Sappers and Miners, London, 1882, ii. 1 et seq., where is De Havilland's report on the origin of the corps; Burke's Landed Gentry (1868); Indian Army Lists; Balfour's Indian Cycl.; Gent. Mag. 1866, pt. i. 603.]
H. M. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hawes, Richard

​HAWES, RICHARD (1603?–1668), puritan divine, was born in Norfolk in 1603 or 1604. He was educated at Ipswich school, and at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, ​where he graduated B.A. in 1623 and M.A. in 1627 (University Matriculation Register). His stepfather intended to have presented him to a living which he asserted was his, but which Lord-keeper Coventry claimed on behalf of the crown. For the sake of peace Hawes accepted the lord keeper's promise to appoint him to the next vacant living in his gift, and thereby offended his stepfather. He was eventually preferred by Coventry to the rectory of Humber, Herefordshire, from which he was soon transferred to that of Kentchurch in the same county. During the civil war he sympathised with the parliament; was suspected by the royalists of plotting against them; was taken to Hereford, and tried for his life by a royalist council of war. The prosecution having been discovered to be wholly malicious, he was dismissed. He was, however, subjected to much annoyance by the soldiery, and had his house frequently plundered (John Webb, Civil War in Herefordshire, ii. 23–4, 425). About 1659 he obtained from Sir Edward Harley the vicarage of Leintwardine, Herefordshire, but was ejected in 1662 on account of his nonconformity. Shortly after the Restoration he was charged with complicity in some anti-monarchical designs and threatened with ill-usage by Sir Henry Lingen, who, however, died before he could carry out his threats. Hawes during his last years lived with his daughter, who had married one Billingsley; first at Weobley, Herefordshire, then at Abergavenny, and latterly at Awre, Gloucestershire. On account of his moderate opinions he was occasionally allowed to preach in public without subscribing. He died in December 1668, in his sixty-fifth year.
[Authorities cited; Palmer's Nonconformist's Memorial, ii. 290–3.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Haward, Francis

​HAWARD, FRANCIS (1759–1797), engraver, born on 19 April 1759, became in 1776 a student of the Royal Academy, and in the same year engraved in mezzotint a portrait of James Ferguson the astronomer, after J. Northcote. His other engravings in mezzotint are ‘Master Bunbury,’ after Sir Joshua Reynolds (1781), a justly admired print, and ‘Euphrasia,’ after W. Hamilton. Haward subsequently adopted the fashionable stipple manner, or rather the mixed style, of Bartolozzi, in which he attained genuine excellence. His principal engravings in this method are ‘Mrs. Siddons as the Tragic Muse,’ and ‘Cymon and Iphigenia,’ after Sir Joshua Reynolds. The former was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1787, and the latter in 1797. He also exhibited in 1783 ‘A Cupid,’ in 1788 ‘Portrait of Madam d'Eon in her 25th year, from a picture by Angelica Kauffmann,’ in 1792 an unfinished engraving, and in 1793 a finished proof of ‘The Prince of Wales,’ after Sir Joshua Reynolds. Haward was elected an associate engraver in 1783, and was eventually appointed ‘engraver to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales.’ He resided for many years in Marsh Street, Lambeth, and is stated to have died there in 1797. His last engraving, however, the ‘Cymon and Iphigenia,’ bears the address of 3 Little George Street, Westminster. Among his other engravings are ‘The Infant Academy,’ after Reynolds, portraits of Charles, marquis Cornwallis, and of Captain William Cornwallis, both after D. Gardner, and others after C. Rosalba, W. Hamilton, and A. Zucchi. His widow received a pension from the Royal Academy for forty-two years.
[Dodd's manuscript Hist. of English Engravers (Brit. Mus. Addit. MS. 33401); Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Sandby's Hist. of the Royal Academy; Hamilton's Engraved Works of Sir Joshua Reynolds.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hawes, Edward

​HAWES, EDWARD (fl. 1606), poet, was author of ‘Trayterous Percyes and Catesbyes Prosopopeia. Written by Edward Hawes, Scholler at Westminster, a Youth of sixteene yeers old,’ London, 4to, pp. 24, 1606. A dedicatory epistle in Latin is addressed to Tobias Matthew, bishop of Durham, and there are a few lines to the reader in Latin and in English, to which the signature ‘Yours, Edward Hawes,’ is appended.
[Lowndes's Bibl. Manual (Bohn), ii. 1013; Bibliotheca Anglo-Poetica, p. 386.]
R. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hawes, Robert

​HAWES, ROBERT (1665–1731), author of the ‘History of Framlingham,’ was the eldest son of Henry Hawes of Brandeston, Suffolk, by Mary, daughter and coheiress of John Smith of Pyshalls in the parish of Dennington in the same county. He became an attorney at Framlingham, and had an extensive practice. In 1712 he was appointed steward of the lordship or manor of Framlingham, and he was also steward of Saxted and of other manors in the neighbourhood. He was thus able to collect copious materials for the history of those manors. He died on 26 Aug. 1731, and was buried in the church of Framlingham. He married Sarah, the youngest daughter of Charles Sterling, esq., of Charsfield. She died on 11 Oct. 1731, aged 63. He compiled: 1. A manuscript of upwards of seven hundred pages, neatly written and illustrated with drawings, entitled ‘The History or Memoirs of Framlingham and Loes-Hundred in Suffolk, containing an account of the Lords and Ladys thereof, with the most remarkable occurrences in Church and State wherein they were concerned.’ It is dedicated to the master and fellows of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, who are the lords of the manor, and a copy presented to them by the author is preserved in the college library; other copies are in the manuscripts of Henry Jermyn and David Elisha Davy in the British Museum. A separate copy in the Additional MS. 33247 consists of 370 ff. in folio. A portion only of the work has been printed under the title of ‘The History of Framlingham in the county of Suffolk, including brief notices of the Masters and Fellows of Pembroke Hall in Cambridge, from the foundation of the College to the present time. Begun by … Robert Hawes. … With considerable additions and notes by Robert Loder,’ Woodbridge, 1798, 4to. 2. ‘Memoirs of the Manors and Churches of Brandeston and Cretingham,’ 1725, manuscript.
[Addit. MS. 19096 f. 17, 19166 f. 72; Hawes and Loder's Framlingham, pp. 307, 396; Nichols's Illustr. of Lit. vi. 338–41; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. (Bohn), p. 1013.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Kemble, John (1599?-1679)

​KEMBLE, JOHN (1599?–1679), Roman catholic priest, born about 1599, appears to have been son of George Kemble of Longford, Herefordshire. He was ordained priest at Douay 23 Feb. 1625, and on 4 June was sent on the mission in Herefordshire. In 1678, at the time of the Popish plot, he was seized at Pembridge Castle, Herefordshire, where he was living as chaplain to the Scudamore family. He was tried at Hereford, convicted as having said mass at Pembridge, and executed at Widemarsh Common, near the town, 22 Aug. 1679; he was buried at Welsh Newton churchyard. There is a tradition that he smoked a pipe on the way to execution. His hand is kept in the sacristy at the church of St. Francis Xavier, Hereford, and a piece of linen dipped in his blood is at Downside. Pilgrimages were made to the grave, and miracles were, it is asserted, wrought there. Charles Kemble [q. v.], who claimed to be the priest's great-grand-nephew, paid a visit to the churchyard with Mrs. Siddons, and some verses on the occasion were subsequently printed in the ‘Lamp,’ iii. 53, 26 July 1851.
[Gillow's Bibl. Dict. of the English Catholics, iii. 685; Notes and Queries, 1st ser. iii. 425, 502, 2nd ser. iii. 444, 3rd ser. ii. 44, 92, 192, 238.]
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Nevay, John (d.1672)

​NEVAY, JOHN (d. 1672), covenanter, a nephew of Andrew Cant [q. v.], was entered at King's College, Aberdeen, in 1622 ​(Fasti Aberd. p. 457), and graduated M.A. in 1626 (ib. p. 528). For some time he was tutor to the master of Ramsay, and on the recommendation of the presbytery of Alford he was licensed as a preacher of the kirk of Scotland by the presbytery of Dalkeith on 14 Oct. 1630. In 1637 he was admitted minister of Newmilns, Ayrshire, and he was chosen a member of the general assemblies of 1646, 1647, and 1649. He was strongly opposed to all forms of set prayer in public worship, objecting even to the use of the Lord's Prayer, the Gloria Patri, and the repeating of the creed at baptism (cf. Robert Baillie, Letters and Journal, passim). In the assembly of 1647 he was appointed to revise Rous's version of the last thirty psalms, with a view to the adoption of the collection by the assembly. He joined the Whigamores at Mauchline in June 1648, but his conduct, with that of others who took part in the raid, was absolved by an act of parliament passed in the following January. In July 1649 he was named one of the commissioners for visiting the university of Aberdeen (Fasti Aberd., p. 312). In 1650 he took an active part in raising the western army, composed of extreme covenanters. On the division of the church in 1651 into two parties, known as the resolutioners and the protesters, Nevay sided with the protesters, who abjured Charles Stuart and claimed for the spiritual power a very extensive jurisdiction over civil matters. In 1654 he was named by the council of England one of those for authorising admissions to the ministry in the province of Glasgow and Ayr.
After the Restoration Nevay was on 11 Dec. 1661 banished by the privy council from his majesty's dominions, and went to Holland. On 20 July a demand by the English government for his expulsion, along with Robert Macuard [q. v.] and Robert Traill, was laid before the states of Holland, and on 23 Sept. placards were issued, stating that they were sentenced to quit the Dutch territory within fifteen days under pain of being prosecuted as ‘stubborn rebels’ (Stevens, Scottish Church in Rotterdam, p. 36). Nevay died in Holland about January 1672 (Diary of the Lairds of Brodie, p. 325). He was the author of ‘The Nature, Properties, Blessings, and Saving Graces of the Covenant of Grace,’ published at Glasgow in 1748, and of two copies of Latin stanzas—one on Isaiah ii. 1–8—prefixed to the sermons of the Rev. James Borstius (Veertien Predicatien door Jac. Borstius, Utrecht, 1696). He is also said to have written a Latin version of the ‘Song of Solomon’ and ‘Christ's Temptation’ (Wodrow, Analecta, i. 170).
[Letters of Samuel Rutherford; Robert Baillie's Letters and Journal, and Nicolls's Diary, both in the Bannatyne Club; Diary of the Lairds of Brodie, and Fasti Aberd., both in the Spalding Club; Wodrow's Analecta; Wodrow's Sufferings of the Kirk of Scotland; Stevens's Hist. of the Scottish Church in Rotterdam; Burton's Scot Abroad; Hew Scott's Fasti Eccles. Scot. ii. 184.]
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Neve, Timothy (1724-1798)

​NEVE, TIMOTHY (1724–1798), divine, born at Spalding, Lincolnshire, on 12 Oct. 1724, was the only surviving son, by his first wife, of Timothy Neve (1694-1757) [q. v.] He was admitted at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, on 27 Oct. 1737, at the age of thirteen, and was elected scholar in 1737 and fellow in 1747. He graduated B.A. 1741, M.A. 1744, B.D. 1753, and D.D. 1758. In 1759 he was one of the preachers at the Chapel Royal, Whitehall, and on 23 April in that year he was instituted, on the nomination of Bishop Green of Lincoln, to the rectory of Middleton Stoney, Oxfordshire, which he resigned in 1792 in favour of his son, the Rev. Egerton Robert Neve (1766-1818). In 1762 he was appointed by his college to the rectory of Letcomb-Bassett, Berkshire, but he vacated it two years later, on his preferment by the same body to the more valuable rectory of Godington, Oxfordshire, which he kept for the rest of his life. From 1783 to his death in 1798 Neve held the Lady Margaret professorship of divinity at Oxford and the sixth prebendal stall in Worcester Cathedral. He was also chaplain of Merton College, Oxford, and the second lecturer on the Bampton foundation. He was partly paralysed for several years before his death, which took place at Oxford on 1 Jan. 1798. He left a wife, three sons, and two daughters. The widow is commemorated by G. V. Cox as ' a gay old lady,' living for many years in Beam or Biham, opposite Merton College chapel, and one of his daughters was ranked among the belles of academic society.
Neve's chief works were: 1. 'Animadversions upon Mr. Phillips's History of the Life of Cardinal Pole,' 1766; a vindication of the doctrine and character of the reformers from the attacks which Thomas Phillips (1708-1784) [q. v.], a priest of the Roman communion, had made upon them. Neve's copy, bound up in three interleaved volumes, with numerous notes by him, and with several letters inserted from Jortin, Charles Townshend, and others, is in the British Museum. Some of the criticisms of Neve were expressed in very strong terms, and Phillips animadverted upon them in the third edition (pp. 248 et seq.) of his 'Study of Sacred Literature, to which is added an Answer to the Principal Objections to the History of the Life of Cardinal Pole.' 2. 'Eight Sermons ​preached before University of Oxford in 1781 as Bampton Lecturer,' 1781. The argument of this work was to prove that Jesus Christ was the Messiah and Saviour of the World. 3. 'Seventeen Sermons on Various Subjects,' 1798. A posthumous work, published for the benefit of his family. Six letters addressed to him by Maurice Johnson [q. v.] on antiquarian topics are printed in the 'Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica,' iii. 417-35. Neve was elected in April 1746 a fellow of the Literary Society at Spalding, and became its correspondent at Oxford.
W. P. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Netterville, Richard

​NETTERVILLE, RICHARD (1545?–1607), Irish lawyer, born about 1545, was the second son of Lucas Netterville of Dowth, co. Meath, second justice of the court of king's bench, and his wife Margaret, daughter of Sir Thomas Luttrell, of Luttrellston, co. Dublin. With two others he was sent in 1576 by the lords of the Pale, adjoining Dublin, on a mission to Queen Elizabeth to seek redress from a burden im​posed by Sir Henry Sidney, lord-deputy of Ireland, who in a letter to the queen on the occasion of his deputation, gave the following account of Netterville: ‘Netterville is the younger sonne of a meane Family and second Justice of one of the Benches borne to nothinge and yet onelye by your Majestyes Bountye Iyveth in better countenaunce than ever his father did or his elder brother dothe: and notwithstandinge that all he hath he holdeth of your Highnes in Effecte yet is he (your sacred Majestye not offended with so bad a Terme as his Lewdnes deserveth) as sedicious a Varlett and as great an Impugner of English Governement as any this Land bearethe and calls for severe dealing with.’ He and his companions were, as a result of the lord-deputy's letter, arrested and imprisoned for impugning the queen's right to levy cess independently of the parliament or grand council, but, on giving security, were released in August 1577, on account of the plague in the Fleet Prison, and before the close of the year they were pardoned. The cess, the abolition of which was the object of Netterville's mission, was reduced in amount.
In 1585 he was returned to parliament as M.P. for Dublin county. He died on 5 Sept. 1607, and was buried at Donabate, co. Dublin.
He was married to Alison, daughter of Sir John Plunket of Dunsoghly, chief justice of the queen's bench for Ireland, but had no issue. His heir, Nicholas, son of his elder brother John, was father of Sir John Netterville, second viscount Netterville [q. v.]
[Lodge's Peerage, ed. Archdall, iv. 204–6; Oliver Burke's Lives of the Lord Chancellors of Ireland.]
P. L. N.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Nettles, Stephen

​NETTLES, STEPHEN (fl. 1644), controversialist, a native of Shropshire, was admitted pensioner of Queens' College, Cambridge, on 25 June 1595, graduated B.A. in 1598-9, was elected fellow on 11 Oct. 1599, proceeded M.A. in 1602 (incorporated at Oxford on 13 July 1624), and commenced B.D. as a member of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, in 1611 (Foster, Alumni Oxon. 1500-1714, iii. 1056). In 1610 he became rector of Lexden, on 24 March 1617 vicar of Great Tey, which he resigned before 27 Jan. 1637-8, and in 1623 vicar of Steeple, all in Essex. He rendered himself obnoxious to the puritan party by writing a very learned and smart 'Answer to the Jewish Part of Mr. Selden's History of Tithes,' 4to, Oxford, 1625, and was ejected from his rectory on 16 Aug. 1644 by force of arms. Two of his sons were educated at Colchester grammar school.
[Wood's Fasti Oxon. (Bliss), i. 416; Walker's Sufferings of the Clergy; Trans. of Essex Archaeolog. Soc. new ser. vol. iv. pt. ii. p. 20 of Appendix.]
G. G.