OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Sophocles

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​SOPHOCLES, a Greek tragic poet; born in the Attic demus or village of Colonus, 495 B. C., 30 years later than Æschylus.
He received a good education, and at an early age gained the prize in music and gymnastics. He was 15 when the battle of Salamis was fought, and for his remarkable beauty and skill in music he was chosen to lead the chorus which sang the paean of victory. His first appearance as a dramatist was in 468, when, under memorable circumstances, he had Æschylus for his rival and won the victory. Of the next 28 years of his life nothing is recorded; but it is known that he made poetry his business, and that he composed a great many plays during that period. Not one of them, however, is now extant. The "Antigone," the earliest of his extant tragedies, was brought out in 440, and won the prize. The number of plays attributed to him without question was 113, of which 81 were probably produced after the "Antigone." Seven only are extant, viz., "Antigone," "Electra," "Trachinian Women," "King Œdipus," "Ajax," "Philoctetes," and "Œdipus at Colonus." These exhibit his art in its maturity, and sustain the verdict of ancient and modern critics that Sophocles carried the Greek drama to its highest perfection. He effected a complete change in the constitution of tragedy as Æschylus left it; loosening the connection between the parts of the trilogy and the satiric drama, and making them not one great poem, but four distinct ones; introducing a third actor; and for subjects selecting, not a series of heroic and mythical actions, but for each play one leading fact of real human interest and lasting significance. Sophocles lived to be nearly 90, and in his latest years most probably wrote the "Œdipus at Colonus," so full of sweetness and tender melancholy, and consoling hopes, which was not presented on the stage till five years after the poet's death, 406 B. C.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/South Britain

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​SOUTH BRITAIN, England and Wales, as distinguished from Scotland, popularly called North Britain.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/South Carolina, University of

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​SOUTH CAROLINA, UNIVERSITY OF, a coëducational non-sectarian institution in Columbia, S. C.; founded in 1801; reported at the close of 1919; Professors and instructors, 37; students, 508; president, W. S. Carrell, LL.D.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Sloane, William Milligan

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
SLOANE, WILLIAM MILLIGAN, an American historian; born in Richmond, O., Nov. 12, 1850; was graduated at Columbia in 1868; studied in Berlin and Leipsic (1872-1876), and during part of that time was private secretary of George Bancroft, then minister at Berlin. He
was for several years a professor at Princeton, later Professor of History at Columbia. He published: “The French War and the Revolution,” “Life of James McCosh,” in 1897 brought out a very important “Life of Napoleon,” in four volumes. His later works include: “The French Revolution and Religious Reform” (1901); “The Balkans” (1914); “Party Government in America” (1915).
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/South Bethlehem

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​SOUTH BETHLEHEM, now joined to Bethlehem, formerly a borough in Northampton co., Pa.; on the Philadelphia and Reading, the Lehigh Valley, and the Central of New Jersey railroads; 57 miles N. W. of Philadelphia. It contains Lehigh University, Moravian College for Women, St. Luke's Hospital, water-works, street railroad and electric lights, National and private banks, and several daily and weekly newspapers. Here are the Bethlehem Steel Works and manufactories of brass goods, machinery, coke, zinc, brick, etc. Pop. (1910) 19,973; (1920) 23,522.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Sloan, John

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
SLOAN, JOHN, an American painter, born at Lock Haven, Pa., in 1871. He was educated at the Philadelphia Central High School and at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. He was especially well known for his paintings and etchings of city life subjects, as well as for his drawings published in many of the most prominent magazines. He received a medal for etchings at the Panama-Pacific Exposition. He was an instructor at the Art Student's League and a director of the Society of Independent Artists.
JOHN SLOAN
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Smith, Edgar Fahs

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
SMITH, EDGAR FAHS, an American chemist and educator, born in York, Pa., in 1856. He graduated from Pennsylvania College in 1874 and took post-graduate studies in Germany. For several years he served as instructor at the University of Pennsylvania and as professor at Muhlenberg and Wittenberg colleges. From 1888 to 1911 he was professor of
chemistry at the University of Pennsylvania. He was appointed vice-provost of the University in 1899, and provost in 1911, retiring in 1920. He was president of the American Chemical Society, and was a member of other scientific societies. He wrote many books on chemical subjects, including “Theories of Chemistry” (1913); “Chemistry in America” (1914); “Chemistry in Old Philadelphia” (1918), and “James Cutbush” (1919).
# Crainquebille, Putois, Riquet and other profitable tales

Translation by Winifred Stephens, London, John Lane, 1915. Scan index.
THE WORKS OF ANATOLE FRANCE IN AN ENGLISH TRANSLATON EDITED BY FREDERIC CHAPMAN
CRAINQUEBILLE
PUTOIS, RIQUET
CRAINQUEBILLE
PUTOIS, RIQUET
AND OTHER PROFITABLE TALES
BY ANATOLE FRANCE
* A TRANSLATION BY
* WINIFRED STEPHENS
LONDON: JOHN LANE, THE BODLEY HEAD
NEW YORK: JOHN LANE COMPANY, MCMXV
All rights reserved
THE BALLANTYNE PRESS TAVISTOCK STREET COVENT GARDEN LONDON
TO
ALEXANDRE STEINLEN
AND TO
LUCIEN GUITRY
WHO, THE FORMER IN A SERIES OF ADMIRABLE DRAWINGS THE LATTER IN A FINE DRAMATIC CREATION, HAVE INVESTED WITH A TRAGIC GREATNESS THE HUMBLE FIGURE OF MY POOR COSTERMONGER.
NOTE
The section entiled "Riquet" forms Chapter 11 of "Monsieur Bergeret à Paris" and is here included as an introduction to Riquet's "Meditations."
A story entitled "Onésime Dupont" appears both in the volume here presented and in the one entitled "Pierre Nozière." In the English edition it will be reproduced in the latter volume only.

#### Biographical information

* Anatole France
This work is a translation and has a separate copyright status to the applicable copyright protections of the original content.
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993/1994-09-19/Chapter 2

Chapter 2
Citizenship and Franchise
Citizenship
5. (1) There shall be a South African citizenship.
(2) South African citizenship and the acquisition, loss and restoration of South African citizenship shall, subject to section 20 read with section 33(1), be regulated by an Act of Parliament.
(3) Every person who is a South African citizen shall, subject to this Constitution, be entitled to enjoy all rights, privileges and benefits of South African citizenship, and shall be subject to all duties, obligations and responsibilities of South African citizenship as are accorded or imposed upon him or her in terms of this Constitution or an Act of Parliament.
The franchise
6. Every person who is—
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
(c)
shall be entitled to vote in elections of the National Assembly, a provincial legislature or a local government and in referenda or plebiscites contemplated in this Constitution, in accordance with and subject to the laws regulating such elections, referenda and plebiscites.
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993/1994-09-19/Chapter 11A

Chapter 11A
Volkstaat Council
Provision for establishment of Volkstaat Council
184A. (1) The establishment of a Volkstaat Council is hereby authorised.
(2) The Council shall consist of 20 members elected by members of Parliament who support the establishment of a Volkstaat for those who want it.
(3) The Council shall conduct its affairs according to rules made by the Council.
Functions of Council
184B. (1) The Council shall serve as a constitutional mechanism to enable proponents of the idea of a Volkstaat to constitutionally pursue the establishment of such a Volkstaat, and shall for this purpose be competent—
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(2) The procedures to be followed by the Council in the performance of its functions under subsection (1), shall be prescribed by an Act of Parliament.
(3) The procedures provided for in this Constitution with regard to the finalisation of provincial boundaries, shall not be construed as precluding the establishment of such a Volkstaat, and in the event of the acceptance of the concept of a Volkstaat, alternative provision shall be made by an Act of Parliament for the finalisation of the boundaries of any affected province or provinces.
# Critique of the Gotha Programme/Foreword

The manuscript published here -- the covering letter to Bracke as well as the critique of the draft programme -- was sent in 1875, shortly before the Gotha Unity Congress, to Bracke for communication to Geib, Auer, Bebel, and Liebknecht and subsequent return to Marx. Since the Halle Party Congress has put the discussion of the Gotha Programme on the agenda of the Party, I think I would be guilty of suppression if I any longer withheld from publicity this important -- perhaps the most important -- document relevant to this discussion.
But the manuscript has yet another and more far-reaching significance. Here for the first time Marx's attitude to the line adopted by Lassalle in his agitation from the very beginning is clearly and firmly set forth, both as regards Lassalle's economic principles and his tactics.
The ruthless severity with which the draft programme is dissected here, the mercilessness with which the results obtained are enunciated and the shortcomings of the draft laid bare -- all this today, after fifteen years, can no longer give offence. Specific Lassalleans now exist only abroad as isolated ruins, and in Halle the Gotha Programme was given up even by its creators as altogether inadequate.
Nevertheless, I have omitted a few sharp personal expressions and judgments where these were immaterial, and replaced them by dots. Marx himself would have done so if he had published the manuscript today. The violence of the language in some passages was provoked by two circumstances. In the first place, Marx and I had been more intimately connected with the German movement than with any other; we were, therefore, bound to be particularly perturbed by the decidedly retrograde step manifested by this draft programme. And secondly, we were at that time, hardly two years after the Hague Congress of the International, engaged in the most violent struggle against Bakunin and his anarchists, who made us responsible for everything that happened in the labour movement in Germany; hence we had to expect that we would also be addled with the secret paternity of this programme. These considerations do not now exist and so there is no necessity for the passages in question.
For reasons arising form the Press Law, also, a few sentences have been indicated only by dots. Where I have had to choose a milder expression this has been enclosed in square brackets. Otherwise the text has been reproduced word for word.
London, January 6, 1891

## Notes

1. Before the Critique of the Gotha Programme was written, Engels wrote a letter to August Bebel expressing Marx and Engels' surprise at the programme, and going on to criticise it. (Back)
# Critique of the Gotha Programme/Appendix

"2. Normal working day."
In no other country has the workers' party limited itself to such an indefinite demand, but has always fixed the length of the working day that it considers normal under the given circumstances.
"3. Restriction of female labor and prohibition of child labor."
The standardization of the working day must include the restriction of female labor, insofar as it relates to the duration, intermissions, etc., of the working day; otherwise, it could only mean the exclusion of female labor from branches of industry that are especially unhealthy for the female body, or are objectionable morally for the female sex. If that is what was meant, it should have been said so.
"Prohibition of child labor." Here it was absolutely essential to state the age limit.
A general prohibition of child labor is incompatible with the existence of large-scale industry and hence an empty, pious wish. Its realization -- if it were possible -- would be reactionary, since, with a strict regulation of the working time according to the different age groups and other safety measures for the protection of children, an early combination of productive labor with education is one of the most potent means for the transformation of present-day society.
"4. State supervision of factory, workshop, and domestic industry."
In consideration of the Prusso-German state, it should definitely have been demanded that the inspectors are to be removable only by a court of law; that any worker can have them prosecuted for neglect of duty; that they must belong to the medical profession.
"5. Regulation of prison labor."
A petty demand in a general workers' program. In any case, it should have been clearly stated that there is no intention from fear of competition to allow ordinary criminals to be treated like beasts, and especially that there is no desire to deprive them of their sole means of betterment, productive labor. This was surely the least one might have expected from socialists.
"6. An effective liability law."
It should have been stated what is meant by an "effective" liability law.
Be it noted, incidentally, that, in speaking of the normal working day, the part of factory legislation that deals with health regulations and safety measures, etc., has been overlooked. The liability law comes into operation only when these regulations are infringed.
In short, this appendix also is distinguished by slovenly editing.
Dixi et salvavi animam meam.
[I have spoken and saved my soul.]
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Wise, Isaac Mayer

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​WISE, ISAAC MAYER, a Jewish rabbi; born in Bohemia, April 3, 1819; settled in New York City in 1846. He resided in Cincinnati, O., after 1854, and became president of the Hebrew Union College. He was a leader of the reform movement in American Judaism; and besides editing the “Israelite,” a weekly journal, he wrote extensively. Among his works are: “History of the Israelitish Nation” (1854); “Essence of Judaism” (1860); “Judaism: Its Doctrines and Duties” (1862); “The Martyrdom of Jesus of Nazareth” (1874); “The Cosmic God” (1876); “History of the Hebrews' Second Commonwealth” (1880); “Judaism and Christianity” (1883); “Pronaos to Holy Writ” (1891); etc. He died in 1900.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Wiseman, Nicholas Patrick

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​WISEMAN, NICHOLAS PATRICK, an English prelate; born in Seville, Spain, Aug. 3, 1802; was educated at Waterford and the Roman Catholic College, Ushaw, near Durham; joined the English College then newly formed (1818) at Rome; became Professor of Oriental Languages and (1828) rector of the English College; returned to England (1835), and was appointed successively rector of Ushaw, vicar apostolic of the central district of England, and Roman Catholic Archbishop of Westminster and cardinal (1850). He was the author of “Lectures on the Connection Between Science and Revealed Religion” (1836), “Letters on Catholic Unity” (1842); “Papal Supremacy” (1850); “Fabiola” (1854); “Four Last Popes” (1858); and joint-editor for many years of the Dublin “Review.” He died in London, England, Feb. 15, 1865.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Wister, Owen

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
WISTER, OWEN, an American writer, born in Philadelphia, in 1860. He graduated from Harvard University in 1882. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1889, but in 1891 engaged in literary work. His novels of the West, especially “The Virginian,” presented remarkable pictures of the early days of the development of the far West. His published works include: “Red Men and White” (1896); “Lin McLean” (1898); “Lady Baltimore” (1906); “Mother” (1907); “Members of the Family” (1911); “The Pentecost of Calamity” (1915). He also wrote a biography of General Grant. He was a member of several literary societies and was a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and a member of the Board of Overseers of Harvard University.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Wise, Henry Augustus

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​WISE, HENRY AUGUSTUS, an American naval officer; born in Brooklyn, N. Y., May 12, 1819; entered the navy as midshipman in 1834, and rose to chief of the bureau of ordnance in 1866. Under the pseudonym of “Harry Gringo,” he wrote “Los Gringos; or, An Interior View of Mexico and California, with Wanderings in Peru, Chili, and Polynesia” (1849); “Tales for the Marines” (1855); “Scampavias, from Gibel-Tasek to Stamboul” (1857); “The Story of the Gray African Parrot” (1856), a book for children; and “Captain Brand of the Centipede” (1860). He died in Naples, Italy, April 2, 1869.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Wistaria

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
WISTARIA, a genus of plants of the natural order Leguminosæ; sub-order Papilionaceæ, having pinnate leaves and flowers in terminal racemes, the pod leathery. The species were formerly included in the genus Glycine. Some of them are among the most magnificent ornamental climbers known in British gardens. W. frutescens, a native of Virginia, Illinois, and other parts of North America of similar climate, found chiefly in marshy grounds, attains the height of 30 feet, and has beautiful racemes of fragrant bluish-purple flowers. W. chinensis or consequana, a native of China, has larger flowers in pendulous racemes, and its branches run to the length even of 90 feet. These plants are generally trained on walls.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Wistar, Caspar

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
WISTAR, CASPAR, an American physician; born in Philadelphia, Pa. Sept. 13, 1761; received a classical education; was graduated at the Medical
Department of the University of Pennsylvania in 1782; spent several years in England and Scotland; and returning to the United States in 1787 he began practice in his native city. He was Professor of Chemistry and Physiology at the College of Philadelphia in
1789-1792. In the latter year that institution was united with the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, and he was there Adjunct Professor of Anatomy, Midwifery, and Surgery in 1792-1808; then became Professor of Anatomy and held the chair till his death. He was the first to show that the posterior portion of the ethmoid bone was attached to the triangular bones. He opened his house once a week for meetings of students, travelers, scientists, and citizens. These symposiums were long continued after Dr. Wistar's death, being known as the Wistar parties. Dr. Wistar became a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1787, and succeeded Thomas Jefferson as president in 1815. He was the author of “A System of Anatomy, for the Use of Students of Medicine.” He died in Philadelphia, Pa., Jan. 22, 1818.
CASPAR WISTAR
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Wise, Henry Alexander

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​WISE, HENRY ALEXANDER, an American statesman; born in Drummondtown, Va., Dec. 3, 1806; was educated at Washington College, Pa.; admitted to the bar in 1828; member of Congress in 1833-1843; minister to Brazil, under President Tyler, in 1844-1847; and Democratic governor of Virginia in 1856-1860. He opposed secession, but in 1861 joined the Confederate army as Brigadier-General. He was defeated in the Kanawha valley in 1861, and at Roanoke Island in 1862. After the war he resumed the practice of law in Richmond, Va., and died there Sept. 12, 1876.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Wise Men of the East

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​WISE MEN OF THE EAST, the three Magi who followed the guiding star to Bethlehem. They are the patron saints of travelers.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Wismar

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
WISMAR the second seaport of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Germany; on the Baltic, at the head of a bay of the same name; 20 miles N. of Schwerin. It has an excellent harbor, carries on an active over-sea trade, and has varied manufactures. Of the walls only four gates
remain; but the numerous quaint old houses are a feature of the place, and several of the brick churches, as well as the Fürstenhof, once a ducal residence, date from the 14th and 15th centuries. It was a Hanse town in the 13th century, passed to Sweden in 1649, was taken by the Danes in 1675, and by the Danes, Prussians, and Hanoverians in 1712, when its strong fortifications were destroyed, and in 1803 was pawned to Mecklenburg-Schwerin, which secured it finally in 1828. Pop. about 25,000.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Wissembourg

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
WISSEMBOURG, a French town, close to the frontier of the Bavarian palatinate; until 1919 a town in the German district of Lower Alsace; on the Lauter, 42 miles N. N. E. of Strassburg. It grew up round a 7th-century Benedictine abbey, and in 1677-1697 was ceded to France. Here was fought, on Aug. 4, 1870, the first great battle of the Franco-Prussian War, in which the Germans were victorious. The Lines of Wissembourg, originally made by Villars in 1706, are famous — a line of works extending to Lauterburg 9 miles S. E. Like the fortifications of the town, those of the lines have now disappeared. Pop. about 7,500.