OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Czechoslovak Review/Volume 2/The Cleveland Conference

THE CLEVELAND CONFERENCE.
A conference of the Bohemian National Alliance, as well as a joint meeting of the Alliance and the Slovak League, were held in Cleveland on October ​16th and 17th. Delegates of the district committees of the Alliance held a meeting on the first day and elected Mr. Thomas Čapek, chairman of their convention. Several changes in the constitution of the organization were approved, all looking toward greater democratization of the movement. Of these changes the most important one provides that the president and the secretary of the Alliance shall in the future be elected by the vote of the district committees. Action was taken to have every Czech in the United States make a gift to the cause on Thanksgiving Day in gratitude for the practical accomplishment of the aim which the Bohemian National Alliance has pursued for the last four years, namely the erection of an independent Czechoslovak Republic.
At a joint meeting of the two Czechoslovak organizations Albert Mamatej acted as chairman. Reports were rendered by various bureaus and discussion centered on means to make the central body representing all the Czechoslovaks in America perform its important work more efficient. As a result of the discussion it was decided that the central Czechoslovak body should be composed of twenty members, ten for the Czechs and ten for the Slovaks. The Slovak members are: Albert Mamatej, Jan Janček, Andrew Shustek, Miss Ethel Cablk, Rev. J. Murgaš, Michael Bosak, Rev. L. Karlovský, Jan Pankuch, Milan Getting and Rev. L. Kubášek. The Czech members are: President of the Bohemian National Alliance, ex-officio, Vojta Beneš, Prof. B. Šimek, Thomas Čapek, J. J. Zmrhal, Joseph Martinek, Rev. Innocent Kestl, Rev. Oldřich Zlámal, John Straka and Hynek Dostál. This body afterwards organized itself by electing Prof. Šimek for president, Mr. Mamatej and the Rev. Father Kestl for vice-presidents, Mr. Shustek for treasurer, Mr. Straka for financial secretary and Mr. Beneš for recording secretary. The full body will meet regularly once a year and oftener as emergency may require, while the executive consisting of the six officers will meet once a month in the city of Chicago.
Among other actions taken by the joint convention was the adoption of the Bohemian Review as their official organ under the name of the Czechoslovak Review, and the creation of a committee to gather statistics of Czechoslovaks in America and collect material for a history of the great movement for independence, as far as it has been carried on in this country.
This work was published before January 1, 1929 and is anonymous or pseudonymous due to unknown authorship. It is in the public domain in the United States as well as countries and areas where the copyright terms of anonymous or pseudonymous works are 95 years or less since publication.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Czechoslovak Review/Volume 2/Text of British recognition

Guard of Honor for the Flag of the 21st Czechoslovak Regiment, Presented by the City of Paris.
TEXT OF BRITISH RECOGNITION.
The British Government issued the following declaration on August 13th:
Since the beginning of the war the Czechoslovak nation has resisted the common enemy by every means in its power.
The Czechoslovaks have constituted a considerable army, fighting on three different battlefields and attempting in Russia and Sibeia to arrest the Germanic invasion. In consideration of its efforts to achieve independence Great Bitain regards the Czechoslovaks as an Allied nation and recognizes the unity of the three Czechoslovak armies at an Allied and belligerent army waging regular warfare Austria-Hungary and Germany.
Great Britain also recognizes the right of the Czechoslovak National Council as the supreme organ of Czechoslovak national interests and as the present trustee of the future Czechoslovak government to exercise supreme authority over this Allied and belligerent army.
# The Czechoslovak Review/Volume 2/The All-Slavs Hymn, "Hej Slovane"

Originally a Slovak song Hej, Slovania, composed by priest Samo Tomášik in 1834, got translated and became popular in many Slavic languages. Its Serbo-Croatian translation Hey, Slaveni later became the national anthem of Yugoslavia.
The All-Slavs Hymn, “Hej, Slovane”.
| Hey, Slavonians, be ye mindful that our tongue dies never, While our faithful hearts are beating for the nation ever; Live, long live the Slavic language, sounding through the ages, Thunder rolling, wrath eternal! Vain our foeman rages. | ’Tis the gift our God entrusted, God the lord of thunder, Therefore who on earth can wrest it from our lives asunder? Though our foes, like hosts of darkness, in proud ranks are swelling, God is with us: fall upon them, Perun all-dispelling. |
—Translated by Francis P. Marchant.
This work is a translation and has a separate copyright status to the applicable copyright protections of the original content.
# The Czechoslovak Review/Volume 2/The Austrian Slavs and self-determination

THE AUSTRIAN SLAVS AND SELF-DETERMINATION
The German victory in Italy, followed by the betrayal of Russia and her Allies by the Bolshevik leaders, has freed the governments of Vienna and Budapest from all immediate military danger, and at once their spokesmen are beginning to revert from the fairspoken democratic phrases of the past nine months to the reactionary sentiments which come more naturally to them. Already the Joint Foreign Minister, Count Czernin, the Austrian Premier, Dr. von Seidler, and the Hungarian statesmen, Counts Tisza and Andrassy, have publicly repudiated the doctrine of self-determination as in any sense applicable to the Dual Monarchy. We shall have more to say when the full text of these speeches reaches us. In the meantime it is worth quoting the following communique issued as early as December 1st by the Czech, Southern Slav and Ukrainian Parliamentary Clubs at Vienna:
“The peace offer of the present Russian Government rests not only on the principle of No annexations or contributions’, but also on the principle of the right of self-determination of all nations—a fact suppressed by our government. We therefore point out that the basis upon which the Austrian Government, according to the Premier’s statement, is ready to enter into peace negotiations, stands on this essential point in direct conflict with the conditions of the peace manifesto of the present Russian Government to all belligerent peoples; for the offer preassumes guarantees for national self-determination, whereas the Austrian Premier’s statement, made in agreement with the Foreign Minister, seems by its silence directly to exclude this self-determination. In view of this conflict on the most important point in the offer of armistice, we find that the negotiations already begun cannot lead to peace, and we should have to hold the government fully responsible for this. From our standpoint we repeat that, in accordance with our declarations of May 30, 1917, we still adhere unreservedly to the demand of self-determination.”
This work was published before January 1, 1929 and is anonymous or pseudonymous due to unknown authorship. It is in the public domain in the United States as well as countries and areas where the copyright terms of anonymous or pseudonymous works are 95 years or less since publication.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Czechoslovak Review/Volume 2/Subscription

Fill out and clip this blank and send it with a dollar in currency, money order or check to the
BOHEMIAN REVIEW, 2627 S. Ridgeway Ave., Chicago.
Send the Bohemian Review for one year, commencing with . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . issue, to
Name
Street address
Postoffice
Name
Address.
# The Father and His Sons

Perry index 53
* "A Father and his Sons", in Fables of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists (1692)
* "The Father and his Sons", translated by George Fyler Townsend, in Three Hundred Æsop's Fables (1867)
* "The Bundle of Sticks", translated by Joseph Jacobs, edited by Joseph Jacobs, illustrated by Richard Heighway, in The Fables of Æsop (1894)
* "Father and Sons", translated by Vernon Stanley Jones, in Æsop's fables: A New Translation (1912)
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Father and His Two Daughters

Perry index 94
* "The Father and his Two Daughters", translated by George Fyler Townsend, in Three Hundred Æsop's Fables (1867)
* "The Father and his Daughters", translated by Vernon Stanley Jones, in Æsop's fables: A New Translation (1912)
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Aymon

Edition of 1920. See also The four sons of Aymon on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
AYMON, ā'mȯn, the surname of four brothers, called respectively Alard, Richard, Guiscard and Renaud, sons of Aymon or Haimon, Count of Dordogne, who figure among the most illustrious heroes of the chivalric poetry of the Middle Ages; their historic existence was considered problematical until M. Longnon in 1879 established the fact that the Aymons lived in the first half of the 8th century. Their career furnished rich material to the romantic narratives of the age of Charles
Martel. A novel, entitled ‘The Four Aymon Brothers,’ by Huon de Villeneuve, a French poet of the 13th century, details very minutely their exploits, and Ariosto conferred a poetical immortality on the family by the publication of his ‘Roland,’ in which Renaud, the bravest of the four brothers, plays continually the most distinguished part.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Bacher, Wilhelm

Edition of 1920. See also Wilhelm Bacher on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
BACHER, bäh'ėr, Wilhelm, Jewish theologian and Orientalist: b. Lipto-Szent-Miklos, Hungary, 1850; d. 1913. He was educated in the universities of Budapest and Breslau and at the Jewish Theological Seminary of Breslau. He was appointed professor in 1877 and in 1912 director of the rabbinical public schools of Budapest. He published ‘Nizamis Leben und Werke’ (1872); ‘Die Agada der Babylonischen Amoräer’ (1878); ‘Die Agada der Sannaiten’ (2 vols., 1889-90); ‘Die Agada der Palästinensiscben Amoräer’ (3 vols., 1892-99); ‘Die Anfänge der Hebräischen Grammatik’ (1895); ‘Ein Herbäisches Wörterbuch aus den Vierzehnten Jahrhundert’ (1900); ‘Die Agada der Tannaiten und Amoräer; Bibektellenregister’ (1902); ‘Aus dem Wörterbuche Tanchum Jeruschalemis’ (1903).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Bahr, Johann Christian Felix

Edition of 1920. See also Johann Christian Felix Baehr on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
BAHR, bär, Johann Christian Felix, German philologist: b. Darmstadt, 13 June 1798; d. 29 Nov. 1872. Educated at Heidelberg Gymnasium and University, of which last he became ordinary professor of classical philology in 1823. His chief work is his ‘History of Roman Literature’ (1828; 4th ed., 1868-70), which is noted for its clearness and comprehensiveness. Three supplements to this work deal with the ‘Christian Poets and Historians of Rome’ (1836); the ‘Christian-Roman Theology’
(1837); and the ‘History of Roman Literature in the Carlovingian Period’ (1840). He edition of ‘Herodotus’ (2d ed., 1855-61) is also noteworthy.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Axel

Edition of 1920. See also Absalon on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
AXEL, or ABSALON, Danish prelate, archbishop of Lund: b. near Soroë, Zealand, 1128; d. 1201. His family name was Axel. In 1157 he was chosen bishop of Roeskilde or Rothschild. In that age warlike pursuits were not deemed inconsistent with the clerical office, and Absalon was a renowned warrior by sea and land, as well as a zealous ecclesiastic, his avowed principle being that “both swords, the spiritual and the temporal, were intrusted to the clergy.” To his exertions as statesman and soldier Waldemar was largely indebted for the independence and consolidation of his kingdom.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Azerbaijan

Edition of 1920. See also Azerbaijan (Iran) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
AZERBAIJAN, ä'zer-bĭ-jän', Persia, the northwestern and most important province of Persia. It is bounded on the north by the Ara& on the east by the Caspian Sea, Gilan and Khamseh, on the south by Kurdistan, and west by Asiatic Turkey. Its area is 32,000 square miles. The land is very fertile, the orchards and gardens yield delicious fruits of almost every description, and great quantities, dried, are exported to Russia. Provisions are cheap and abundant, but there is a lack of forests and timber trees. Lead, copper, sulphur, orpiment, also lignite, are found; also a kind of variegated translucent marble known as Tabriz marble. The climate is healthy, not hot in summer, and cold in winter. The revenue amounts to about $1,000,000 annually. The province is divided into a number of administrative districts, each with a hakim, governor, under the governor-general, who is a responsible minister appointed by the Shah. Pop. about 2,000,000, comprising various races, as Persians proper, Turks, Kurds, Syrians, Armenians.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Baltzer, Johann Baptista

Edition of 1920. See also Johann Baptista Baltzer on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
BALTZER, Johann Baptista, German theologian: b. Andernach 1803; d. 1871. He
was educated at the University of Bonn, was ordained to the priesthood in 1829, and in the following year became professor of theology at Breslau. He was an enthusiastic follower of Georg Hermes in the latter's effort to effect a reconciliation of Roman Catholic teaching with the newer German philosophy. In 1839 he broke away from this connection and became a follower of Anton Günther. When Günther came under the ban of the Church Baltzer submitted, but he was soon involved in other difficulties with the ecclesiastical authorities and these differences led to his suspension in 1862. He opposed the promulgation of papal infallibility and became an ardent promoter of the Old Catholic movement. He wrote ‘Die biblische Schöpfungsgeschichte’ (2 vols., 1867-73) and ‘Ueber die Anfänge der Organismen’ (4th ed., 1869). Consult the biographical sketches by Friedberg (Leipzig 1873) and by Melzer (Bonn 1877), both in favor of Baltzer's attitude, and Franz (Berlin 1873), representing the opposite side.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Balaton

Edition of 1920. See also Lake Balaton on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
BALATON, bŏ'lŏ-tōn, or PLATTENSEE, a lake in the southwest of Hungary, 55 miles southwest of Budapest, extending from lat. 46° 45' to 47° 5' N., and from long. 17° 14'
to 18° 10' E.; area about 400 square miles, including the marshy shores. It receives the waters of more than 30 small streams. It discharges through the Kapos River, the Kapos Canal and the Sió, which empties into the Sarviz, an affluent of the Danube. The Balaton is constantly in a state of motion, sufficient to cause waves. Its waters are perfectly transparent and abound with fine fish, notably one called fogas, a variety of perch frequently 20 pounds in weight, and with delicious flesh of snowy whiteness. Another kind, resembling the herring, swarm in the lake during the winter in such shoals that fishermen sometimes haul 50 cartloads from under the ice in a single day. The northern bank is bounded by vine-clad hills, and the southern bank is low. The average depth of the lake is about 25 feet although a depth of over 100 feet is found near Tihany. It is the largest lake in Hungary.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Axe

Edition of 1920. See also Axe on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
AXE (apparently an original Aryan word), a long-handled tool for wood-cutting. Its essential feature is the helve, though a certain shape is imposed by the nature of its service. The chipped flint of the oldest Stone Age was a tool of all work, to crush, dig or cut (rather, bruise off), as occasion demanded, and was too heavy and shapeless to be used except by hand. As soon as one was shaped and sharpened to admit of tying a handle to it for a heavier stroke, the axe came into being and was probably the earliest implement thus differentiated. So natural a device was separately invented by each race early in its history and made of the material at hand: flint in England and America; whinstone or granite in Ireland and by the lake dwellers of the Continent; bone by the American Indians and Eskimos; while stone axes are still used by some of the South Sea Islanders. In all these cases and until the use of metal, the handle was secured with a thong, as piercing with an eye was impracticable. The first copper and bronze “celts” were made in the same way. But when casting had become familiar, it was seen that there was no difficulty in casting a hole to thrust the handle in, making a much surer and heavier stroke; and with this “eye” the modern axe appeared. The bronze axe was lightened and better shaped, and in its turn displaced by iron, for which, with the progress of invention, has been substituted an iron butt inset with a steel cutting part. The old hand forges have for some generations been replaced by immense establishments with developed machinery. The American process consists of cutting the butt from a piece of white-hot iron, punching the eye, then reheating and shaping it by pressure between concave dies; again heating, cutting in the edge a groove, into which the arched steel edge-piece is set, then welding the two and drawing out the axe to a proper edge by trip-hammers at a white heat. The next process is hammering off the implement by a combination of hand and machine work and restoring the shape lost in
drawing out It is then ground to symmetry, hung on a revolving table in a furnace and heated over a small coal fire, at a peculiar red heat, determined by the eye; cooled in brine and then in fresh water and removed to another furnace, where it receives the last temper. It is next polished to a finish that shows every flaw and enables it to resist rust and enter wood easily; then stamped, the head painted to prevent rust, weighed, labeled and packed for sale.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Axel and Valborg

Edition of 1920. See also Axel and Valborg on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
AXEL AND VALBORG, a tragedy in five acts by Oehlenschläger, was written in Paris in 1808 and printed in Copenhagen in 1810, latest English translation by F. S. Kolle. The story is taken from the best known of the Danish romantic ballads. The last verse Oehlenschläger used as a motto:
* May God forsake the wicked wretch
* Who two like these would part
* When glows a warm and mutual love
* In young and virtuous heart
The ballad was well known throughout the Scandinavian countries long before Oehlenschläger's time. In Holberg's ‘Peder Paars,’ the bailiff's wife was almost drowned in a flood of tears because parts of it had been read to her.
The whole action of the drama takes place in the famous Trondhjem Cathedral, in Norway, during the reign of Haakon Herdebred. Axel and Valborg are cousins who love each other. In spite of the pope's dispensation removing the legal impediment, a scheming monk prevents their marriage. In this tragedy of a Northern woman's true and constant devotion the beauty of the ballad is brought to its full fruition. In its simplicity, its pathos and tragic ending, it makes an almost overwhelming impression on the spectator. (Compare Björnson's ‘The Fisher Maiden’).
In his own generation Oehlenschläger's drama was the most favored and admired of all his writings. Through it, the romantic-sentimental style of poetry gained general favor. When Baggesen, beginning his review in a critical and hostile spirit, reached the famous lines spoken by the pure and innocent Valborg, as she crowns her lover's initials with flowers: “I bid thee, my love, good morning,” he was absolutely carried away and praised the work in the highest terms.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Bahr, Hermann

Edition of 1920. See also Hermann Bahr on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
BAHR, Hermann, Austrian author and journalist: b. Linz 1863. He studied in Vienna, Gratz, Czernowitz and Berlin, devoting special attention to philosophy, political economy and law. In 1890 he became associate editor of Berliner Freie Bühne, and later became associate editor and critic of the Deutsche Zeitung. In 1894 he began publication of Die Zeit, and was also editor of the Neue Wiener Tagblatt and the Oesterreichische Volkszeitung. He was appointed manager of the Berlin Deutsches Theater in 1906. His critical works include ‘Zur Kritik der Moderne’ (1890); ‘Die Ueberwindung des Naturalismus’ (1891); ‘Neue Studien’ (1891); ‘Bildung’ (1900); ‘Secession’ (1900); ‘Premièren’ (1902); and ‘Dialog vom Tragischen’ (1903). His plays are ‘Die neuen Menschen’ (1887); ‘Die Mutter’ (1891); ‘Die häusliche Fran’ (1893); ‘Der Apostel’ (1901); ‘Der Krampus’ (1902); ‘Der Meister’ (1904); ‘Sanna’ (1905); ‘Die Andere’ (1905); ‘Das Konzert’ (1909); ‘Die Kinder’ (1911); ‘Das Prinzip’ (1912). He has written the following novels: ‘Die gute Schule’ (1890); ‘Dora’ (1893); ‘Neben der Liebe’ (1893); and ‘Stimmen des Bluts’ (1909). Another work, ‘Die Einsichtslosigkeit des Herrn Schäffle’ (1886) is of a political nature; he published also a volume of ‘Essays’ (1912).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Blackmar, Frank Wilson

Edition of 1920. See also Frank W. Blackmar on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
BLACKMAR, Frank Wilson, American educator, economist and author: b. West Springfield, Pa., 3 Nov. 1854. He studied at the University of the Pacific, and at Johns Hopkins University where he became instructor in history 1887-88 and fellow in history and politics 1888-89. He was appointed professor of history and sociology at the University of Kansas in 1889 and became active in the university extension movement throughout the West, writing and lecturing on history, sociology and economics. He organized the graduate school of the University of Kansas in 1897 and was elected its dean. In 1899 he was appointed
professor of sociology and economics. He edited the ‘Cyclopedia of the History of Kansas’ and is author of ‘Spanish Colonization’ (1890); ‘Spanish Institutions in the Southwest’ (1891); ‘History of Higher Education in Kansas’ (1900); ‘Life of Charles Robinson’ (1900); ‘The Elements of Sociology’ (1905); ‘Economics for High Schools’ (1907); ‘Play-grounds and Parks’ (1910).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Blackpool

Edition of 1920. See also Blackpool on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
BLACKPOOL, England, town and county borough of North Lancashire on the west coast, between the estuaries of the Ribble and Wyre, 27 miles southwest of Lancaster, which attracts an annual average of 100,000 visitors by its advantages as a watering place. It affords excellent accommodation for visitors in the numerous hotels, hydropathic establishments and lodging-houses, and consists of ranges of lofty houses about three miles long facing the sea, in front of which extends an excellent promenade and carriage drive. The town is abundantly supplied with theatres, concert rooms, fine winter gardens, aquarium, extensive pleasure-grounds, park of 60 acres, a great steel tower over 500 feet high a gigantic wheel and other attractions. There are a courthouse and three markets, several churches, six council schools, eight non-provided schools and one for higher education, libraries and newsrooms. Blackpool was incorporated as a municipal borough on 21 Jan. 1876, and as a county borough 1 Oct. 1904. Resident population 58,500.