OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Kocher, Emil Theodor

Edition of 1920. See also Emil Theodor Kocher on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
KOCHER, kōg'ẽr, Emil Theodor, Swiss surgeon: b. Berne, 1841; d. there, 1 Aug. 1917. He studied medicine in his native city and surgery in Berlin, London and Paris. He returned to his native place and in 1866 began his
long connection with the university there. In 1872 he became full professor and director of the surgical clinic there. He was the first surgeon to operate successfully for goitre. His treatment consisted in withdrawing from functional activity part of the thyroid gland in the neck. This was accomplished by removing the lobes of the gland or by tying off its blood supply. His later work included study of the blood in exophthalmic goitre study of cancer of the thyroid, curability of cancer of the stomach and the prevention of cretinism. He was awarded the Nobel prize for medicine in 1909. His works include ‘Die antiseptische Wundbehandlung’ (1881); ‘Vorlesungen über chirurgische Infektionskrankheiten’ (1895); ‘Chiruigische Operationslehre’ (1894); Eng. trans. as ‘Textbook of Operative Surgery’ (2 vols., 1911). The last work is esteemed as a classic in its field.
# The Dancing Monkeys

Perry index 463
* "The Dancing Apes", translated by Roger L'Estrange, in Fables of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists (1692)
* "The Dancing Monkeys", translated by George Fyler Townsend, in Three Hundred Æsop's Fables (1867)
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Dancing Partner

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "The Dancing Partner."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* "The Dancing Partner" a short story by Jerome K. Jerome (1893)
* "The Dancing Partner" (1924), a short story by Guy L. Helms
# The Dove

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "The Dove."
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* The Dove, English translation of La colombe, a novel by Alexandre Dumas.
* The Dove, a poem by Paul Laurence Dunbar.
* The dove, a translation of a ballad by Karel Jaromír Erben.
* The Doves, a translation of a poem by Théophile Gautier.
* The Dove, a poem by Sidney Lanier.
* The Dove, a poem by J. W. Scott
** "The Dove" (partial quote). Ingram, J H,The Raven; by Edgar Allan Poe, with literary and historical commentary 1885. p. 114
# The Dove (Lanier)

Sidney Lanier composed this poem in Chadd’s Ford, Pennsylvania in 1877.
If haply thou, O Desdemona Morn,  Shouldst call along the curving sphere, “Remain, Dear Night, sweet Moor; nay, leave me not in scorn!”  With soft halloos of heavenly love and pain; —
Shouldst thou, O Spring! a-cower in coverts dark,  ’Gainst proud supplanting Summer sing thy plea, And move the mighty woods through mailed bark  Till mortal heart-break throbbed in every tree; —
Or (grievous ‘if’ that may be ‘yea’ o’er-soon!),  If thou, my Heart, long holden from thy Sweet, Shouldst knock Death’s door with mellow shocks of tune,  Sad inquiry to make—‘When may we meet?’
Nay, if ye three, O Morn! O Spring! O Heart!  Should chant grave unisons of grief and love; Ye could not mourn with more melodious art  Than daily doth yon dim sequestered dove.
# The Downfall of Poland

Excerpt from the poem The Pleasures of Hope, written in 1799.
* For version(s) of The Pleasures of Hope containing this passage, see The Pleasures of Hope
* "The Downfall of Poland" in The Elocutionist (1815-1830)
* "On the Downfall of Poland" in The Theatrical Speaker (1840)
* "On the Downfall of Poland" in The Spouter's Companion (1840s)
* "The Downfall of Poland" in The Elocutionist (1840-1850)
# The Dove and the Crow

Perry index 202
* "A Pigeon and a Crow", in Fables of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists (1692)
* "The Dove and the Crow", translated by George Fyler Townsend, illustrated by Harrison Weir, in Three Hundred Æsop's Fables (1867)
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Dowie Dens of Yarrow

"The Dowie Dens of Yarrow", also known as "The Braes of Yarrow" or simply "Yarrow", is a Scottish border ballad (Child 214, Roud 13). There are numerous versions of the ballad. Child recorded at least 19, the earliest of which was taken from Walter Scott's The Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border (1803). However, the song is much older: William Hamilton of Bangour wrote a poem called "The Braes of Yarrow" which has some basis in the ballad, and which appears in a collection of his poems first published in Edinburgh in 1724. There are also American versions which go under the corrupted title of "Derry Dems of Arrow."
The song is closely associated with the geographical area of the valley of the Yarrow Water that extends through the Scottish borders towards Selkirk. The song is believed to be based on an actual incident. The hero of the ballad was a knight of great bravery, popularly believed to be John Scott, sixth son of the Laird of Harden. According to history, he met a treacherous and untimely death in Ettrick Forest at the hands of his kin, the Scotts of Gilmanscleugh in the seventeenth century. However, recent scholars are sceptical about this story as the origin of the song.
* "The Dowie Dens of Yarrow" in A Collection of Ballads, ed. by Andrew Lang (1897).
* "The Dowie Dens o Yarrow", no. 214, in The English and Scottish Popular Ballads, ed. by Francis James Child (1882-1898).
** Variant 214A
** Variant 214B
** Variant 214C
** Variant 214D
** Variant 214E
** Variant 214F
** Variant 214G
** Variant 214H
** Variant 214I
** Variant 214J
** Variant 214K
** Variant 214L
** Variant 214M
** Variant 214N
** Variant 214O
** Variant 214P
** Variant 214Q
** Variant 214R
** Variant 214S
* "The Dowie Dens of Yarrow" as sung by Ewan MacColl in the album The English and Scottish Popular Ballads, Volume III (1956).
# The Doves

originally published by Gautier with the name Les Colombes
* "The Doves," translated by Robert Louis Sanderson
* "The Doves," in A Sheaf Gleaned in French Fields (p. 182), London: C. Kegan Paul & Co. (1876)
# The Dowie Dens of Yarrow (MacColl)

    There was a lady in the north,
    I ne'er could find her marrow;
    She was courted by nine gentlemen,
    And a ploughboy lad from Yarrow.
    These nine sat drinking at their wine,
    Sat drinking wine at Yarrow;
    They made a vow among themselves
    To fight with him on Yarrow.
    She's washed his face, she's combed his hair
    As oft she's done before-o
    Gave him a brand down by his side (brand - trad. Scottish, meaning Sword)
    To fight for her on Yarrow.
    As he walked up yon high, high hills,
    And down the glens so narrow
    Nine armed men lay waiting him
    Upon the braes of Yarrow.
    It's three he wounded, three withdrew,
    And three he killed on Yarrow,
    Till her brother, John, came in behind
    And pierced his body thorough.
    "O father, dear, I dreamed a dream,
    I fear it will prove sorrow.
    I dreamed I was pulling heather green
    On the dowie dens of Yarrow."
    "O daughter dear, I read your dream,
    To you it will prove sorrow;
    Your true love John lies dead and slain
    On the dowie dens of Yarrow."
    As she walked up yon high, high hill,
    And down the glen so narrow,
    Twas there she found her true love John,
    Lying cold and dead on Yarrow.
    She washed his face, she combed his hair,
    As she had done before o,
    And she kissed the blood from off his wounds,
    On the dowie dens of Yarrow.
    Her hair it being three quarters long,
    The colour it was yellow,
    She wrapped it round his middle so small,
    And carried him home to Yarrow.
    "O daughter dear, dry up your tears,
    And weep no more for sorrow.
    I'll wed you to a better man
    Than the ploughboy lad of Yarrow."
    "O father dear, you've seven sons,
    You may wed them all tomorrow,
    But the fairest flower among them all,
    Was the lad I wooed on Yarrow."
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Dove (91 U.S. 381)

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
91 U.S. 381
The Dove
APPEAL from the Circuit Court of the United States for the Eastern District of Michigan.
The facts are stated in the opinion of the court.
Mr. H. F. Canfield and Mr. D. B. Duffield for the appellant.
Mr. Ashley Pond and Mr. W. A. Moore, contra.
MR. JUSTICE CLIFFORD delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Frederick II (emperor)

Edition of 1920. See also Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
FREDERICK II, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire: b. Jesi, near Ancona, Italy, 26 Dec. 1194; d. Fiorentino, 13 Dec. 1250. He was elected king of the Romans in 1196, again after the death of his father, Henry VI, and a third time on the excommunication of Otho IV, in 1211. He was already king of Sicily and duke of Suabia, under the joint regency of his mother and Pope Innocent II. He made a league with Philip Augustus, king of France, and after the defeat of Otho by the latter at the battle of Bouvines, was crowned at Aix-la-Chapelle in 1215. He received the imperial crown at Rome in 1220, on which occasion he had to renew a vow previously extorted from him to take the cross. In 1225 he married as his second wife, Yolande, daughter of John of Brienne, king of Jerusalem, and in 1227 embarked for the Holy Land. Illness compelled him in a few days to abandon the enterprise, and for this he was excommunicated by Pope Gregory IX. He set out again in 1228, and the Pope exciting opposition to him and invading his hereditary states, he at once concluded a truce with Kameel, the sultan of Egypt, by which he became master of Jerusalem. He entered the city, crowned himself (no priest daring to do it), and returned to Europe. He recovered his states, made peace with the Pope and suppressed the revolt of his son Henry, who was then imprisoned for life. In 1235 Frederick began the war with the cities of Lombardy, having for his ally Eccelino, tyrant of Verona. After his victory of Cortenuova, he took Ravenna, Faenza and Benevento; and in 1241 his fleet defeated that of the Genoese, and captured the cardinals and bishops who were on their way to attend a council against him. Frederick promoted the election of Innocent IV, who had been his friend and made a treaty with him, but soon found Innocent a most determined enemy. A new anathema and sentence of deposition and release of his subjects from their allegiance to him was published in 1245. The mediation of Saint Louis utterly failed to bend the Pope to reconciliation. Rival emperors were set up, the
war in Italy continued, Parma was lost in 1248, his, Frederick's, son, Enzio, was defeated and made prisoner in the following year. Frederick was the most accomplished sovereign of the Middle Ages; but his strong sympathies with his Italian motherland and his unremitting endeavors to establish a compact and all-supreme empire in Italy, were the causes not only of his own misfortune but of the miseries which he brought on the German empire by embroiling it in costly wars abroad and leading him to neglect the welfare and to sacrifice the interests of his German subjects.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Freiligrath, Ferdinand

Edition of 1920. See also Ferdinand Freiligrath on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
FREILIGRATH, frī'lig-rät, Ferdinand, German poet: b. Detmold, 17 June 1810; d. Cannstadt, Würtemberg, 17 March 1876. His father was a teacher. Though apprenticed to a grocer at 15, he continued his studies and published verses in local journals. In 1831-36 he was a banker's clerk in Amsterdam. In 1836-38 he published a literary journal Rheinisches Odeon, became a bookkeper at Berman, but continued writing lyrics, one volume of which he published at Mainz in 1838, and as it proved successful he determined to devote himself entirely to literature. In 1842 he received a small pension from the King of Prussia; but this he retained for only two years, for having embraced views in politics of an advanced liberal stamp which placed him in opposition to the government, he felt bound to resign the benefits of royal favor. At the same time (1844) he published a poem entitled a ‘Confession of Faith’ (Glaubensbekenntnis), in which he became the champion of the political creed he had adopted. In 1848 three other political
poems by him: ‘Die Revolution’; ‘Februarklänge’; and ‘Die Todten an die Lebenden,’ saw the light; and the last of these led to his being put on trial for treason. This trial, in which he was acquitted, is memorable for another reason, being the first jury trial ever held in Prussia. From 1851 till 1867 Freiligrath resided in England as manager of the London branch of a Swiss banking establishment. On the failure of the bank a national subscription was got up in his behalf in Germany, and the proceeds of it enabled him to return to private life. The general amnesty of 1868 brought him back to Germany and he celebrated the triumph of 1870 with the very popular ‘Hurrah Germania’ and ‘Die Trompete von Vionville.’ The early poems of Freiligrath are distinguished by a wealth of glowing and highly-colored imagery, and by the prevalence of Oriental scenes and subjects. His political poems are too full of the tones of party warfare to live as poetry; but many of his lyrics seem destined to hold an abiding place in German literature. Germany is also indebted to him for many admirable translations from foreign languages, as from Burns, Tannahill, Moore, Hemans, Shakespeare, Longfellow and Victor Hugo. His works were collected in eight volumes and published at Stuttgart (1870-71). There is a volume of English translations of his select poems edited by his daughter, Mrs. Kroeker (Leipzig 1871). Consult Buchner, ‘Ferdinand Freiligrath, Ein Dichterleben in Briefen’ (Lahr 1881-82); Richter, ‘Freiligrath als Uebersetzer’ (Berlin 1899); Rodenberg, ‘Jugenderinnerungen’ (ib. 1899).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/French River

Edition of 1920. See also French River (Ontario) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
FRENCH RIVER, Canada, stream in Ontario. It drains Lake Nipissing and empties into the Georgian Bay of Lake Huron after a course of 55 miles. For 150 years it was the regular route to the upper lakes, and is noted for its magnificent scenery.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Fries, Elias Magnus

Edition of 1920. See also Elias Magnus Fries on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
FRIES, frēs, Elias Magnus, Swedish botanist: b. Smaland, Sweden, 15 Aug. 1794; d. Upsala, 8 Feb. 1878. He was educated at Lund and in 1828 was appointed demonstrator in botany there. In 1834 he was called to the chair of practical economics at Upsala, with which in 1851 that of botany was conjoined. His botanical investigations deal with the field of systematic botany, but his work is especially valuable in its additions to our knowledge of lichens, mosses, fungi, etc. Fries introduced into Sweden the morphological theory in his ‘Systems of the Vegetable World’ (1825). His work on ‘Mycology’ (1820-32) was long the standard work on the classification of
fungi, of which he gave a relatively complete catalogue in ‘Scandinavian Flora’ (1846-49). He wrote a series of useful books on the Hymenomycetæ, on lichens, and on the flora of Scandinavia, more particularly of Sweden. Among his monographs is one on the ‘Hieracieæ’ (1848). In 1851 Fries was appointed director of the botanical museum and garden at Upsala, and in 1853 rector of the university.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Frederick the Great

Edition of 1920. See also Thomas Carlyle#Frederick the Great on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
FREDERICK THE GREAT. “A tyrant of extraordinary military and political talents, of industry more extraordinary still, without fear, without faith, without mercy” is Macaulay's estimate of the greatest of all the Hohenzollerns. In the light of the Great War, Macaulay's essay reads like prophecy, while Carlyle's glorification of unscrupulous force as embodied in Frederick seems like courting the destruction which burst upon the world in August 1914. All that Macaulay wrote about Frederick's great crime of violating his plighted faith, of robbing the ally whom he was bound to defend, and of plunging all Europe into “a long, bloody and desolating war” applies to Frederick's descendant; but Carlyle admired Old Fritz because he was the only man in the 18th century who managed not to be a hypocrite. Carlyle was a romantic historian, and his history of Frederick was his magum opus. That he should select this subject was almost the inevitable result of his German studies. Having acquired the language as a key to mineralogy, he translated various German works, wrote, in a series of essays, what is practically a history of German literature, and found in Goethe a working theory of life. With this vivid interest in everything German, it was only natural that Carlyle should be attracted by the military genius who made his little German kingdom great and formidable, and set it on its career of ever-growing power. To tell Frederick's story, Carlyle found it necessary to trace the history of his house from the earliest times. This was the greatest task of his life, and it set the pinnacle upon the edifice of his fame. It rounded out his literary life. Upon its completion, he received the honor he valued most, election as Lord Rector of his old university of Edinburgh, whither he had come a poor country boy of 13, more than 50 years before. In the hour of his greatest triumph came his greatest loss, the sudden death of his brilliant wife. He did no more work. His remaining years were a gradual declension to the grave.
Carlyle himself called his greatest work, his ‘Thirteen Years War’ with Frederick. In 1852 he made his first trip to Germany to gather material, visiting the scenes of his hero's battles and noting their topography with unerring accuracy. The first two volumes appeared in 1858 and the last two in 1865.
Emerson considered it “Infinitely the wittiest book that was ever written.” Lowell criticized it with discrimination. While pointing out its obvious faults, he wrote: “The figures of most historians seem like dolls stuffed with bran, whose whole substance runs out through any
hole that criticism may tear in them; but Carlyle's are so real in comparison, that, if you prick them, they bleed.”
So true are Carlyle's narratives of Frederick's battles, that his work was studied as a textbook in the military academies of Germany.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Frederick I (emperor)

Edition of 1920. See also Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
FREDERICK I, surnamed Barbarossa or Red Beard, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, son of Frederick, Duke of Suabia: b. 1123; d. June 1190. He was chosen to succeed his uncle, Conrad III, in 1152. He was crowned at Aix-la-Chapelle a few days after his election. His great ambition was to secure the independence of the empire and, above all, to be master of Italy. His first expedition to Italy was made in 1154, when, after subduing several towns in Lombardy, he went to Rome, and after some delays, had himself crowned emperor by Adrian IV (18 June 1155). He marched again into Italy in 1158, took Brescia and Milan, and at the celebrated Diet at Roncaglia assumed the sovereignty of the towns and received the homage of the lords. On his return to Germany he triumphed over Bohemia, and made Poland tributary to the empire. After the death of Pope Adrian, Frederick had three anti-popes in succession elected in opposition to Alexander III, who excommunicated him and his pope, Victor. The same year, 1160, he besieged and took Crema, after a most courageous defense. In 1162 he conquered Milan, and had many of the public buildings destroyed, as well as parts of the fortifications; after which the other towns of Lombardy submitted to him. In 1166, he traversed the Romagna, levied contributions on the towns, besieged Ancona and had himself crowned a second time at Rome by
the anti-pope, Pascal, but pestilence broke out in his army and he was forced to return to Germany. In 1174 he besieged unsuccessfully the newly founded town of Alessandria, and in 1176 was totally defeated by the Milanese at Como. This reverse was not lost on him, for it changed his policy of repression. In 1183 he made peace with the Pope and the towns of Lombardy. In 1188 he assumed the cross, set out in the following year on the third crusade, was opposed on the march by the Greek emperor and the sultan, arrived in Asia, and was drowned while crossing a river.
Frederick was great, not only as a soldier, but as a ruler. His administration was marked by justice, his subordinate officers were chosen for their capacity and probity, he was himself an educated man and promoted education and literature. His politic measures held in check the power of the nobles of Germany by the granting of municipal privileges to the cities. His memory is still cherished among the peasants of Germany, who dream of the return of Fritz Redbeard, as the Welsh did of King Arthur. Consult Prutz, ‘Kaiser Friedrich I’ (1871-73); Fischer, ‘Kreuzzug Friedrich I’ (1870).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Freifeld, George

Edition of 1920. See also the disclaimer.
FREIFELD, George, American judge: b. New York city, 1856; d. 17 Nov. 1917. Of German extraction, his father served in the Civil War. Freifeld was elected a municipal court justice in 1909, and was re-elected to the second district municipal court of Brooklyn in 1917 for a term of 10 years. For over a quarter of a century Freifeld was a prominent figure in Freemasonry; he was district deputy of the third district in 1906, and in 1914-15 was grand master of the Grand Lodge of Masons in the State of New York. He served 12 years as a member of the board of education, was a life member of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, and vice-president of the Manufacturers' Trust Company.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Russell, Thomas

Layout 2
​Russell, Thomas, C.M.G., formerly a New Zealand publicist, was born in the year 1830 in Cork, Ireland. In 1833 he went to the Bay of Islands, N.Z., with his parents. Having embraced the legal profession, he practised in Auckland in partnership with Sir Fred Whitaker. Entering public life, Mr. Russell was a member of the Domett Ministry from August 1862 to Oct. 1863, and also of the subsequent Whitaker-Fox Ministry from Oct. 1863 to Nov. 1864. In both of these administrations—in the former for only three months—he held the portfolio of Defence Minister, a position at that time involving grave responsibility. The Whitaker-Fox Ministry, it is well known, resigned in 1864, owing mainly to a difference of opinion with the Governor, Sir George Grey, on questions connected with the conduct of the Waikato war and the management of native affairs generally. On his resignation Mr. Russell retired from Parliamentary life. He took a leading part in the formation of the Bank of New Zealand, the New Zealand Insurance Company, the New Zealand Loan and Mercantile Agency Company, and the New Zealand Land Mortgage Company. He was also largely ​interested in the Thames goldfields and in pastoral pursuits in the Waikato district. Mr. Russell was created C.M.G. in 1877. He has resided in England for some years past.