OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Carlos, William

​CARLOS, CARLES, or CARELESS, WILLIAM (d. 1689), royalist, was a colonel or major in the royalist army during the civil wars. A family of the name of Carlosia described as of Stratford-on-Avon in the 'Visitation of Warwickshire' in 1619 (Harleian Soc. xii. 28), A correspondent of 'Notes and Queries,' 1st ser. x. 344, suggests that the royalist was the son of Anthony Careless, of the Clothiers' Company in Worcester in 1665, who died there 6 Jan. 1670. Clarendon states that he resided in Statfordshire. Carlos took part in the battle of Worcester (3 Sept. 1651), and saw, it was stated the last man killedthere before leaving the battle-field. As soon as the defeat of the royalists proved decisive he fled to the woods surrounding Boscobel House, and hid himself in the branches of an oak tree. About five o'clock on the morning of Saturday, 8 Sept., King Charles himself arrived at Boscobel while escaping from the Commonwealth soldiers, who were in hot pursuit, and Carlos, who does not appear to have been personally acquainted with the king previously, urged him to share his retreat in the oak tree. This the king agreed to do, and the two men remained concealed there for more than twenty-four hours, while their pursuers searched the wood below them. Carlos descended from time to lime to procure food. On Sunday afternoon, however, Charles left for Moseley. Carlos separated from him because he was well known in the neighbourhood, and stood in even greater danger of capture than the king, who had managed to effectually disguise himself. The oak tree, called the royal oak, is still extant in Boscobel wood. On Monday, 8 Sept., Carlos succeeded, with the help of a friend at Wolverhampton, in disguising himself, and under an assumed name he arrived in France. He communicated to the Princess of Orange at Paris the welcome news of her brother's safety, and continued in Charles's service till the Restoration. By a royal patent he was granted an elaborate coat of arms, in which an oak tree prominently figures (Notes and Queries, 2nd ser. lii. 262). Carlos returned to England with the king, and in January 1660-1 he, with two others, was granted the proceeds of a tax on all straw and hay brought into London and Westminster, together with the office of inspector of livery horsekeepers (Cal. State Papers, Dom., 1660-l, p. 498). In the account of James II's secret service fund for 1687 appears the entry: 'To Coll' William Carlos, bounty 300l.' (Secret Services of Charles II and James II, Camd. Soc. 177). Carlos died early in 1689. His will, dated in 1688, was proved in the following year. His property, of very trifling value was bequeathed to an 'adopted son, Edward Carlos,' from whom was descended Edward John Carlos [q. v.] Carlos was married, and had a son William, born in 1643, who died unmarried in 1668, and was buried in Fulham churchyard. His epitaph is printed in 'Notes and Queries,' 1st ser. ix. 305. An engraving by Stent of Charles and Carlos in the oak tree is extent.
S. L. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Collins, Thomas

​COLLINS, THOMAS (fl. 1615), poet, was the author of a very rare religious poem entitled 'The Penitent Publican, his Confession of Mouth, Contrition of Heart, unfained Repentance. And feruent Prayer unto God for Mercie and Forgiuenesses,' London (by Arthur Johnson), 4to, 1610. The dedicatory epistle, dated 6 July 1610, is addressed 'To the Right Honourable, Graue and Vertuous Lady, the Lady Katherine Hastings, Countesse of Huntington,' and is signed with the author's name. The poem is written throughout in seven-line stanzas, and evinces strong religious fervour. In 1615 Collins wrote a pastoral poem named 'The Teares of Loue, or Cupid's Progresse. Together with the complaint of the sorrowfull Shepheardesse fayre (but unfortunate) Candida, deploring the death of her deare-lo'd Coravin, a late living (and an ever to be lamented) Shepheard. In a passionate pastorall Elegie. Composed by Thomas Collins,' &c. London (by George Purslowe), 1615. The poet Coravin, whose death Collins laments, has not been identified. The poem is full of conceits, but at its close Sidney, Spenser, and Drayton are eulogised, and allusion is made to Lodge. Jo. B[eaumont?] and Samuel Rowlands contributed prefatory verses. The former refers to a third poem by Collins on 'Newport's bloudy battell … with Yaxley's death,' which is not otherwise known. Rowlands calls Collins 'his affected friend.' Copies of both the known poems of Collins were in Sir Francis Freeling's library, but only unique copies of either are now believed to be extant.
[Corser's Collectanea, pt. iv. 410–14; Collier's Bibliograph. Account of English Lit. i. 146–8; Hazlitt's Handbook; Halliwell's Ancient Inventions (1854), p. 82.]
S. L. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Collinson, James

​COLLINSON, JAMES (1825?–1881), painter, born at Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, about 1825, was the son of a bookseller. He entered the Royal Academy School, and was also a fellow-student with Holman Hunt and Dante Gabriel Rossetti. He did not give much ​sign of talent until 1847, when he exhibited at the Royal Academy a picture called 'The Charity Boy's Debut.' The earnest and truthful work shown in this picture attracted the attention of Rossetti, who sought Collinson's friendship, and on the formation of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood induced him to become one of the original seven 'brothers.' Collinson, however, was of a slow temperament, and incapable of partaking in the enthusiasm which the others displayed, and having recently embraced the Roman catholic religion, displayed more of zeal in the practice thereof than in his art. He devoted, however, considerable time and labour to the execution of a picture according to the pre-Raphaelite laws, viz. 'An Incident in the Life of St. Elizabeth of Hungary,' an illustration to Charles Kingsley's 'Saint's Tragedy.' This was exhibited at the Portland Gallery in 1851, and excited some attention. To the pre-Raphaelite periodical, 'The Germ,' for 1850 he contributed a devotional poem in blank verse, entitled 'The Child Jesus,' accompanied by an etching illustrative of a passage in the poem. Shortly after this Collinson quitted the pre-Raphaelite ranks and retired to Stonyhurst, remaining there a long time in seclusion. About 1854 he emerged again, married a connection of J. R. Herbert, R.A., and resumed his profession as an artist. Abandoning all ideas of adventure or ambition, he confined himself to small subjects of a domestic and humorous character, and continued to exhibit at the Royal Academy, British Institution, and the Society of British Artists, of which he was a fellow, up to 1880. His pictures latterly did not rise above commonplace work, but some have been engraved, e.g. 'To Let' and 'For Sale' (Royal Academy, 1858), and ' Good for a Cold.' Collinson lived a very retired life, though he was much respected by those who knew him, and at his death in April 1881 had almost passed out of the memory of his old associates.
[Athenæum, 9 April 1881; Contemporary Review, May 1883; Graves's Dict. of Artists, 1760-1880; Catalogues of the Royal Academy, &c.; private information.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Collinson, John

​COLLINSON, JOHN (1757?–1793), county historian, vicar of Clanfield, Oxfordshire, was instituted to the vicarage of Long Ashton, Somerset, in 1787, and also held the perpetual curacy of Whitchurch in the same county. He died at the Hotwells, Bristol, on 27 Sept. 1793, at the age of thirty-six. He published 'The Beauties of British Antiquities, selected from the writings of Antiquaries,' 1779, 8vo, and in 1781 issued proposals for a history of the county of Somerset in one volume folio. The work was finally published in 1791, with the title 'History and Antiquities of the County of Somerset, collected from authentick Records and an actual Survey made by the late Mr. Edmund Rack,' in 3 vols. 4to (for account of Rack see Collinson, Somerset, i. 77). Collinson appears to have largely used, and indeed to have appropriated bodily from, the Palmer MSS., now in the possession of Sir Alexander Acland Hood, Dart., of St. Audries, Somerset. The 'History' was severely criticised in the ' Gentleman's Magazine.'
[Gent. Mag. 1793, lxiii. i. 148, 236, ii. 865; Collinson's Somerset, ii. 299; Hist. MSS. Comm. 6th Rep., Introd. p. xiii and 344; Athenæum, 8 Jan. 1887, p. 65.]
W. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Collins, William Lucas

​COLLINS, WILLIAM LUCAS (1817–1887), miscellaneous writer, was educated at Jesus College, Oxford (B.A. 1838, M.A. 1841). He became curate of Great Houghton, Northamptonshire (1835-1862), and of Brayfield, Northamptonshire (1862-3), rector of Cheriton, Glamorganshire, vicar of Kilsby (1867-1873), and rector of Lowick, both in Northamptonshire (1873-87). With the last-named benefice he held the vicarage of Slipton, to which he was presented in 1876; and he was also an honorary canon of Peterborough. He died at Lowick on 24 March 1887.
Collins was editor of 'Ancient Classics for English Readers,' and wrote for the series the volumes on Homer's 'Iliad,' Homer's 'Odyssey,' Aristophanes, Lucian, Virgil, Plautus, Terence, Cicero, Livy, and Thucydides. His other works are:
* 'The Luck of Ladysmede,' London, 1860, 8vo.
* 'The Education Question,' London, 1863, 8vo.
* 'Etoniana Ancient and Modern; being notes of the History and Traditions of Eton College,' London, 1866, 8vo.
* 'The Public Schools: Winchester, Westminster, Shrewsbury. Harrow, Rugby: notes of their History and Traditions,' London, 1867, 8vo.
* 'Montaigne,' in Mrs. Oliphant's 'Foreign Classics for English Readers,' 1870.
* 'Butler,' a biography and an analysis of his works, in Dr. William Knight's 'Philosophical Classics for English Readers,' 1881.
* 'La Fontaine and other French Fabulists,' in 'Foreign Classics.' 1882.
[Times, 28 March 1887; Crockford's Clerical Directory (1887): Blackwood's Mag., May 1887; Academy, 2 April 1887, p. 236.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Collins, Samuel (1619-1670)

​COLLINS, SAMUEL (1619–1670), author of the ' Present State of Russia,' born in 1619, was the eldest son of Samuel Collins, vicar of Braintree, Essex, who appears to have surrendered his living in 1661, died 2 May 1667, and is not to be confounded with Samuel Collins (1576-1651), provost of King's College, Cambridge [q. v.] Collins was admitted to Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, in 1635; took no degree in that university; afterwards graduated M.D. at Padua; and was incorporated M.D. of Oxford 24 June 1659. It would appear that about 1660 he met in Holland Gebden, the commissary of the Russian court, who was gathering a band of celebrated men to serve the Czar Alexis, father of Peter the Great, at Moscow. Collins accepted Gebden's invitation to settle in Russia, and for nine years he acted as the czar's physician. Many honours and rewards were given him, but in 1669 he left Moscow for England. He soon afterwards made a journey to France, and died at Paris on 26 Oct. 1670. A brass mural tablet containing an inscription to his memory was set up, in accordance with the instructions in his will, outside the eastward of ​Braintree Church. Collins's only book 'The Present State of Russia, in a Letter to a Friend at London, written by an eminent person residing at the Great Tzar's Court at Mosco for the space of nine years. Illustrated with many copper plates' was first published in London after the author's death in 1671. It is a very entertaining account of life in the Russian court, and was issued in a French translation in 1679. Dorman Newman, the original publisher, according to his own statement, received the manuscript from ' a gentleman that attended upon the learned Dr. C. all the time of his being with the emperor of Russia.' It was distributed into chapters and sections by 'some that were learned and skilful,' but the doctor's death before 'it came to press' compelled Newman to employ 'another worthy person' to transcribe the manuscript and see it through the press. Although the title-page bears no author's name, Collins is stated to be the writer in the publisher's advertisement at the end of the book. Collins has often been erroneously identified with another physician of the same name [see Collins, Samuel, M.D., 1617–1685].
[Notes and Queries, 2nd ser. x. 42 (by Messrs. C. H. and Thompson Cooper); Munk's Coll. of Phys. (2nd edit.), i. 265; Wright's Essex, ii. 22; Collins's Present State of Russia; Wood's Fasti Oxon. (Bliss), ii. 221, where both Wood and Bliss fail to distinguish accurately between three seventeenth-century physicians all named Samuel Collins; information kindly supplied by Rev. J. W. Kenworthy, vicar of Braintree.]
S. L. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Collins, William (d.1793)

​COLLINS, WILLIAM (d. 1793), modeller, had a large practice during the last half of the eighteenth century as a modeller of friezes and bas-reliefs for chimneypieces, reredoses, &c. He was one of the first members of the St. Martin`s Lane Academy, and a member of the Incorporated Society of Artists, and signed the roll declaration in 1765, being one of the first directors of that society. He contributed to the first exhibition in 1760, and continued to exhibit up to 1763; among the bas-reliefs exhibited by him were ‘Spring—Boys with a Bird’s Nest,' and ‘Romulus and Remus’ (1760), ‘Mary Magdalene and the other Mary coming to the sepulchre’ (1761); ‘Belisarius' (1763); ‘Bacchus and Ariadne’ (1764); ‘Œdipus’ (1765), subjects from Æsop’s fables, &c. He modelled a prototype bust of Hayman's ‘Don Quixote.’ A good example of his work, a bas-relief, representing ‘The Resurrection,’ was made for the chapel of Magdalene College, Cambridge, in 1756, and is now in the library of that college. In Ralph Willett’s ‘Description of the Library at Merly, Dorset’ (London, 1785), there is a vignette of Minerva on the title-page from a model by Collins. William Sharp also engraved two large oval subjects of ‘Britannia’ and ‘Athens’ from models by Collins. Collins was a friend of Gainsborough, and resided in Tothill Fields, Westminster, where he died in May 1793.
[Redgrave’s Dict. of English Artists; Graves's Dict. of Artists, 1760-1880; Pye's Patronage of British Art; Gent. Mag. lxiii. (1793), 576; Willis and Clark’s Architectural History of the University of Cambridge. ii. 377; Baker's Catalogue of the Works of William Sharp; Catalogues of the Incorporated Society of Artists.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Collins, Samuel (1802-1878)

​COLLINS, SAMUEL (1802–1878), the bard of Hale Moss, son of a hand-loom weaver, was born on 1 Dec. 1802 at Hollinwood, near Manchester. He was put to work when very young, before he had gained more education than a knowledge of his letters. While still in his teens he became an ardent follower of Henry Hunt and Cobbett, and shared in the affair of Peterloo in 1819. Afterwards, when chartism was rife, he joined a local radical association, and gave the aid of his pen and tongue on behalf of the reform movement. He suffered for a time some obloquy by his temerity in denouncing Feargus O'Connor's land scheme. He wrote homely verses, some of them in the Lancashire dialect, which were collected in 1859 in a small volume entitled 'Miscellaneous Poems and Songs,' with a biographical notice by B. Brierley. Collins, who worked at his loom almost to the last, died at Hale Moss, Chadderton, near Manchester, on 8 July 1878.
[Biog. notice cited above; Brierley's Home Memories, 1886, p. 61; Manchester Examiner, 10 July 1878.]
C. W. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Collins, Samuel (fl.1750-1780)

​COLLINS, SAMUEL (fl. 1750–1780), miniature-painter, son of a clergyman at Bristol, was originally educated as an attorney, but quitted this profession and became a miniature-painter. He settled at Bath, where he soon obtained a very large practice, and gained the reputation of one of the most perfect miniature-painters in this country. He had numerous pupils, among whom was Ozias Humphry [q. v.], to whom he eventually relinquished his practice at Bath. He then removed to Dublin and enjoyed a high reputation there. He painted both on enamel and on ivory. Portraits by him of George III and of the second Viscount Gage were exhibited at the Special Exhibition of Portrait Miniatures in 1865.
[Redgrave's Dict. of English Artists; Pasquin's History of Painting in Ireland; Cat. of Special Exhibition of Portrait Miniatures, 1865.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Broughton, Thomas Duer

​BROUGHTON, THOMAS DUER (1778–1835), writer on India, was son of the Rev. Thomas Broughton, rector of St. Peter's, Bristol. He was educated at Eton, and went to India in 1795 as a cadet on the Bengal establishment. He was actively engaged at the siege of Seringapatam in 1799, and was afterwards appointed commandant of the cadet corps, and in 1802 military resident with the Mahrattas. For a short time previous to the restoration of Java to the Dutch he held the command of that island. He became a lieutenant on the Madras establishment in 1797, and, passing through the intermediate grades, became colonel in 1829. His death took place in Dorset Square, London, on 16 Nov. 1835. He published:
* 'Edward and Laura,' a novel, freely translated from the French.
* 'Letters written in a Mahratta Camp during the year 1809, descriptive of the character, manners, domestic habits, and religious ceremonies of the Mahrattas,' London, 1813, 4to.
* 'Selections from the Popular Poetry of the Hindoos,' London, 1814, 8vo.
[Gent. Mag. N.S. v. 203; Cat, of 'Printed Books in Brit. Mus.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Broughton, Arthur

1904 Errata appended.
​BROUGHTON, ARTHUR (d. 1803?), botanist, took the degree of doctor in medicine at Edinburgh in 1779, then published a volume of brief diagnoses of British plants anonymously, and subsequently settled in Jamaica, where he died in 1803, judging from certain notes in Wiles's edition of the 'Hortus Eastensis.' His name is preserved in the genus of orchids named Broughtonia by Robert Brown.
The following is a list of his works:
* 'Diss. Med. de Vermibus Intestinorum,' Edinburgh, 1779, 8vo.
* 'Enchiridion Botanicum,' London, 1782, 8vo.
* 'Hortus Eastensis; or a catalogue of Exotic Plants in the garden of Hinton East, Esq., in the mountains of Liguanea, at the time of his decease,' Kingston, 1792, 4to; new edition by J. Wiles, Jamaica, 1806, 4to.
* 'Catalogue of the more valuable and rare Plants in the public botanic garden in the mountains of Liguanea, &c.' (St. Jago de la Vega), 1794, 4to.
[The works cited.]
B. D. J.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.38 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 459 | ii | 4 | Broughton, Arthur: for (d. 1803?) read (d. 1796 |
| | | 5 | after botanist insert youngest son of Thomas Broughton, 1704-74 [q. v.] |
| | | 8-11 | for and subsequently settled . . . . Hortus Eastensis read He practised medicine at Bristol, and was elected physician to the infirmary there, 14 May 1780. He went to Jamaica in Dec. 1783 with leave of absence, but never returned, dying at Kingston 29 May 1796. (Felix Farley, 'Bristol Journal,' 30 July 1796) |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Broughton, Richard

​BROUGHTON, RICHARD (d. 1634), catholic historian, was born at Great Stukeley, Huntingdonshire, towards the close of ​Queen Mary's reign. In his preface to the 'Monasticon Britannicum' he claims descent from the ancient family of Broughton of Broughton Towers in Lancashire.
After studying for a time at Oxford, where however he was not entered as a student, Broughton proceeded to the English college at Rheims. Here he devoted himself chiefly to the study of Hebrew and English antiquities, and theology. On 24 Feb. 1592 he was admitted into deacon's orders, and was ordained priest on 4 May 1593, the same year in which the English college quitted Rheims and returned to their old home at Douay after an absence of fifteen years. Soon after this he was sent to England for the purpose of making converts to the Roman catholic church, and of furthering the political schemes of the Jesuits. John Pits, a contemporary of his, speaks of him as being 'most diligent in gathering fruit into the granary of Christ,' and the same writer, alluding to his literary acquirements, says that he was 'no less familiar with literature than learned in Greek and Hebrew.' Dodd, writing of him a century later, says 'he was in great esteem among his brethren, an assistant to the archpriest, a canon of the chapter, and vicar-general to Dr. Smith, bishop of Calcedon.' At one time he was secretary to the Duchess of Buckingham, and it is to her and her mother, the Countess of Rutland, that his 'Ecclesiasticall Historie' is dedicated. In 1626 we find him 'sojourner' at Oxford. He died on 15 Feb. 1634, and was buried by the side of his father and mother at Great Stukeley, as we learn from his epitaph: 'Quo cum matre, patre sub saxo conditur uno.'
As a writer he was dull, painstaking, laborious, inaccurate, and credulous to a degree rare even for the age in which he lived. Among his principal works are: 1. 'A New Manual of Old Catholic Meditations,' 1617. 2. 'The Judgment of the Apostles,' Douay, 1632, dedicated to Queen Marie, wife of Charles I. These two works are published under the initials 'R. B.' The letter elicited an indignant pamphlet from one 'P. H.,' entitled 'A Detection or Discovery of a Notable Fraud committed by R. B., a Seminarie Priest,' in which Broughton's manner of treating Nos. 23 and 36 of the Thirty-nine Articles is strongly assailed. 3. 'The Ecclesiastical Historie of Great Brittaine,' Douay, 1633. 4. 'A True Memorial of the Ancient, most Holy, and Religious State of Great Britaine,' 1650. In a later edition (1654), the title runs 'Monasticon Britannicum, or a Historical Narration of the first Founding and Flourishing State of the Antient Monasteries, Religious Rules, and Orders of Great Brittaine.' 5. 'An Apologetic Epistle in answer to a Book that undertakes to prove that Catholics cannot be good Subjects.' 6. 'A Continuation of the Catholic Apology taken from Christian Authors.'
N. G.