OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Jay, William (clergyman)

Edition of 1920. See also William Jay (minister) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
JAY, William, English Congregational clergyman and writer: b. Tisbury, Wiltshire, 8 May 1769; d. Bath, 27 Dec. 1853. After studying for the Congregational ministry, he officiated at Hope Chapel, near Bristol, and became pastor in 1789 of Argyle Chapel, Bath, where he remained till 1853. As a preacher he not only enjoyed a high celebrity in his own denomination, but won the applause of fastidious critics like John Foster, Sheridan and Beckford. His sermons are esteemed as well for their catholic spirit as their practical earnestness and simplicity of style, and have passed through many editions. His collected works were published in 12 volumes between 1842-48, and his autobiography in 1854.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Jay, William (jurist)

Edition of 1920. See also William Jay (jurist) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
JAY, William, American jurist: b. New York, 16 June 1789; d. Bedford, N. Y., 14 Oct. 1858. He was the son of John Jay, statesman and jurist (q.v.). Graduated from Yale in 1808, he studied, law with J. B. Henry at Albany, was obliged by defective eyesignt to withdraw from the profession, and became interested in various philanthropic movements, including the anti-slavery cause. He was a founder of the American Bible Society (1816), which he greatly promoted and long defended against High Church attacks led by Bishop Hobart. In 1818-21 he was judge of common pleas in New York, and in 1835-37 corresponding foreign secretary of the American Anti-Slavery Society, in the drafting of whose constitution he had assisted. He wrote much on
anti-slavery, and was recognized as a leader of the more conservative of the Abolitionists. Among his publications were “The Life and Writings of John Jay” (1833); “An Inquiry into the Character and Tendency of the American Colonization and American Anti-Slavery Societies” (1834); “A View of the Action of the Federal Government in Behalf of Slavery” (1837); “War and Peace” (1848.)
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Jayhawker

Edition of 1920. See also Jayhawker on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
JAYHAWKER, a name originating in Kansas during the slavery and anti-slavery warfare; applied to a few Free State men who organized a system of retaliation against proslavery outrages. Governor Lane of Kansas, in 1861, declared that “the people of Kansas were neither thieves, plunderers, nor jayhawkers.”
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Jefferson, Charles Edward

Edition of 1920. See also the disclaimer.
JEFFERSON, Charles Edward, American Congregational clergyman: b. Cambridge, Ohio, 29 Aug. 1860. He was graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University (Delaware, Ohio) in 1882, from the School of Theology of Boston University in 1887, was ordained to the Congregational ministry in 1887. He was pastor of the Central Congregational Church at Chelsea, Mass., until 1898, when he became pastor of the Broadway Tabernacle, New York. In 1914 he became chairman of the executive committee of the Church of Peace Union, endowed by Andrew Carnegie. Among his writings are ‘Quiet Talks with Earnest People in My Study’; and ‘The Broadway Tabernacle of the Past and Future’ (1901); ‘Doctrine and Deed’ (1902); ‘Things Fundamental’ (1903); ‘The Minister as Prophet’ (1905); ‘Faith and Life’ (1905); ‘The New Crusade’ (1907); ‘The Character of Jesus’ (1908); ‘My Father's Business’ (1909); ‘The Christmas Builders’ (1909); ‘The Building of the Church’ (1910, 1913) ; ‘Why We May Believe in Life after Death’ (1911); ‘The Minister as Shepherd’ (1912); ‘The Cause of the War’ (1914); ‘Christianity and International Peace’ (1915); ‘The Land of Enough’ (1917).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Engels, Friedrich

Edition of 1920. See also Friedrich Engels on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
ENGELS, Friedrich, German Socialist: b. Barmen, Prussia, 28 Nov. 1820; d. London, 5 Aug. 1895. The son of a German manufacturer he spent two years in Manchester, England, 1842-44, and took part in the revolutionary movement in Baden in 1848. He returned to Manchester in 1850, and was partner in a manufacturing business from 1860-69, after which he lived mainly in London. He was an intimate friend of Karl Marx (q.v.), and his most efficient helper in the work of organizing the International Socialist movement. In 1870 Engels was corresponding secretary of the International Workingmen's Society for Belgium, Italy and Spain. With Marx he wrote the ‘Communist Manifesto’ (1847); he also wrote ‘The Working Class in England in 1844’ (new ed., 1892); ‘The Origin of the Family’; ‘The Development of Socialism from Utopia to Science’ (1894, a part of a large work left unfinished); and edited Marx's ‘Capital.’ Consult Simons, ‘Friedrich Engel: his Life, his Work, his Writings’ (1885), a translation from Tautsky's German text; Sombart's biography (1895); and Dawson, ‘German Socialism’ (1899).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Engerth, Wilhelm, Baron

Edition of 1920. See also Wilhelm Engerth on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
ENGERTH, Wilhelm, Baron, Austrian engineer: b. Pless, Prussian Silesia, 1814; d. 1884. He received his education in architecture at the Polytechnic Institute and the Academy of Arts, Vienna. He became professor of mechanical engineering at Gratz in 1844. He is known internationally as the inventor of the “Engerth system” for freight locomotives, which was generally adopted throughout Europe. He also designed and constructed a river gate near Nussdorf to prevent ice from entering the Danube Canal, which previously was the cause of annual inundations. In 1873 he was supervising architect of the Vienna Exposition buildings and had complete charge of the engineering department at the exposition.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Ewald, Carl

Edition of 1920. See also Carl Ewald on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
EWALD, ā'väl, Carl, Danish novelist: b. Schleswig 1856; d. 1908. He was educated at the University of Copenhagen, to which city his family had removed after his native province had fallen to the Germans in 1864. After spending some years as a forester, he turned to literature in 1887, at first issuing school texts and translations. His principal original works are ‘Singleton's Udenlandsrejse’ (1894) ‘Glaede over Danmark’ (1898); ‘Sulasmiths Have’ (1898); ‘Der Kinderkruezzug’ (1896); ‘Mein Kleiner Junge’ (1899); ‘Crumlin’ (1900). Several of his works have been translated into English.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Evans, Edward Payson

Edition of 1920. See also Edward Payson Evans on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
EVANS, Edward Payson, American author: b. Remsen, N. Y., 8 Dec. 1831. He graduated at the University of Michigan in 1854, where, after several years of teaching in Mississippi and Wisconsin, he was professor of modern languages and literatures in 1862-67. He has made a special study of Oriental languages; in 1884 became connected with the ‘Allgemeine Zeitung,’ of Munich in Europe, to which he contributed many articles on thee literary, artistic and intellectual life of the United States. He has published ‘Summary of the History of German Literature’ (1869); ‘Progressive German Reader’ (1870); ‘Animal Symbolism in Ecclesiastical Architecture’ (1896); ‘Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology’ (1898); ‘Beiträge zur Amerikanischen Litteratur und Kulturgeschichte’ (2 vols., 1898-1903); ‘The Criminal Prosecution and Capital Punisnment of Animals’ (1906).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Engerth, Eduard von

Edition of 1920. See also Eduard von Engerth on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
ENGERTH, ĕng'ėrt, Eduard von, Austrian painter: b. Pless, Silesia, 13 May 1818; d. 1897. He was a pupil of the Vienna Academy, taking the gold medal there in 1845. He
became director of the Prague Academy 1854 and in 1855 professor at the Vienna Academy. He was appointed director of the Belvedere Gallery 1871 and director of the Academy 1874. He was made commander of the order of Francis Joseph 1867. Among his works are ‘Haman and Esther’; ‘Ladislaus and Akus’ (1844); ‘Coronation of Rudolph I’; ‘Joseph Explaining the Dream’ (1845); ‘Seizure of King Manfred's Family’ (1853), a masterpiece in the Vienna Museum; ‘Victory of Prince Eugene at Zenta’ (1865); ‘Marriage of Figaro’; ‘Fable of Orpheus’ (1868); ‘Coronation of Francis Joseph as King of Hungary’ (1870); ‘Death of Eurydice’ (1877). Engerth frescoed the church at Alt Lerchenfeld after the cartoons of Führich, painted numerous portraits and decorated the new Vienna Opera House.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum

Edition of 1920. See also Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
EPISTOLÆ OBSCURORUM VIRORUM, ē-pĭs'tō-lē ŏb-skŭ-rō'rŭm vĭrō'rŭm (Lat. “Letters of obscure men”), a collection of satirical letters which appeared in Hagenau, Germany, in 1515-19, and professed to be the composition of certain ecclesiastics and professors in Cologne and other German towns. They were addressed to Ortunius Gatius at Deventer, who had gained the ill will of the liberals on account of his open hostility to them. They are considered one of the most masterly sarcasms in the history of literature, and their importance is enhanced by the effect they had in promoting the cause of the Reformation through their attacks upon scholastics and monks. The first issue consisted of 41 letters; but others were subsequently added. The authorship of this satire has been a fertile subject of controversy, but the major portion has been attributed to Reuchlin, Ulrich von Hutten and Erasmus, and also to Crotius Rubianus, the great humanist, who is said to have originated the idea of the letters and the title. The best edition is that of Böcking, supplementing his edition of the works of von Hutten (Leipzig 1864-70).
# The Door of Dread

He neither saw her nor heard her as she stood so closely behind him. He was crouched, with blithe wheezes of contentment, over a little bundle of folded white sheets and blue-prints. Around these, after a voluptuous stare at the closely inscribed white pages, he snapped a rubber band to hold them together. It was at the precise moment that the rubber band snapped against the folded and sorted papers that his world suddenly went out, like a bubble bursting in mid-air.
For it was at that moment that the woman so close behind him, swinging with all her force, brought the heavy candlestick down on the wavering high light along the pink-fleshed skull.
THE DOOR OF DREAD
An adroit and attractive young woman.
page
THE
DOOR OF DREAD
A Secret Service Romance
By
ARTHUR STRINGER
Author of
The Prairie Wife, etc., etc.
ILLUSTRATED BY
M. LEONE BRACKER
INDIANAPOLIS
THE BOBBS-MERRILL COMPANY
PUBLISHERS
page
Copyright 1916
The Bobbs-Merrill Company
PRESS OF
BRAUNWORTH & CO.
BOOKBINDERS AND PRINTERS
BROOKLYN, N. Y.
page
To My Old Friend
Arthur MacFarlane
In Memory of Our
Attic Days
page
THE DOOR OF DREAD
* Chapter 1
* Chapter 2
* Chapter 3
* Chapter 4
* Chapter 5
* Chapter 6
* Chapter 7
* Chapter 8
* Chapter 9
* Chapter 10
* Chapter 11
* Chapter 12
* Chapter 13
* Chapter 14
* Chapter 15
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1950, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 73 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Door in the Wall

* "The Door in the Wall" in The Country of the Blind and Other Stories (1913)
* "The Door in the Wall" in Tales of the Unexpected (1924)
* "The Door in the Wall", in The Works of H. G. Wells (vol. 10)
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Kobold

Edition of 1920. See also Kobold on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
KOBOLD, a species of elf in the popular superstition of Germany, corresponding to the English goblin. The kobold is connected with a house or a family, and appears in bodily shape.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Koch, Robert

Edition of 1920. See also Robert Koch on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
KOCH, Robert, German bacteriologist: b. Klausthal, Hanover, 11 Dec. 1843; d. 28 May 1910. He received a medical education at Göttingen (1862-66), was assistant surgeon in the Hamburg general hospital, was in private practice at Langenhagen, Rakwitz and Wollstein, and in 1872 was appointed to the Imperial board of health. In 1882 he succeeded in isolating the tubercle bacillus, in 1883 was made privy councillor and became director of the cholera commission to India and Egypt. He discovered in 1884 the cholera spirillum, or comma bacillus, regarded as a positive test of the presence of Asiatic cholera. For this service he received by legislative act a gift of 100,000 marks ($25,000). In 1885 he was appointed professor in the University of Berlin, director of the newly established Hygienic Institute of Berlin, and also director of the Prussian board of health. One of his pupils prematurely announced in 1890 the discovery of a substance called tuberculin, which, he asserted, would cause to cease the growth of the tubercle bacillus. Subsequent experiment failed in the judgment of scientists to confirm this claim. In 1905 he was awarded the Nobel prize in medicine. In 1906 the Gorman government sent Koch to investigate the “sleeping sickness” in West Africa. He had previously studied blood infections in East Africa in 1903, had found the spirochetæ of African relapsing fever in the ticks through whose bites it is transmitted. In the tick he found also the piroplasma which causes “Texas fever,” and proved that the tsetse
fly transmits the trypanosomata at the moment of biting. Among his writings are ‘Untersuchungen über die Aetiologie der Wundinfektionskrankheiten’ (1878; Eng. trans., 1880); ‘Ueber die Milzbrandimpfung: Eine Entgegnung auf den von Pasteur in Genf gehaltenen Vortrag’ (1882); ‘Beitrag zur Aetiologie der Tuberculose’ (1882; 1886); ‘Ueber die Cholerabakterien’ (1884; 1886); ‘Ueber Naturheilung und medizinische Kunst’ (1885); ‘On Disinfection’ (1886); ‘Ueber bakteriologische Forschung’ (1890); ‘Ergebnisse der vom deutschen Reich ausgesandten Malaria-Expeditionen’ (1900); ‘Aerztliche Beobachtungen in den Tropen’ (1898); ‘Diagnosis, Treatment and Prophylaxis of Tropical Malaria’ (1898). Consult Biggs, H. M., ‘Robert Koch and his Work’ (in American Review of Reviews, Vol. XXIV, New York 1901); Fischer, Bernhard ‘Robert Koch’ (in Deutsche Rundschau, Vol. XXXVII, Berlin 1910); Wyeth, J. A., ‘Memorial Address’ (New York 1911).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Kochanowski, Jan

Edition of 1920. See also Jan Kochanowski on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
KOCHANOWSKI, kō'kạ-nôf'skē, Jan, Polish poet: b. Sycyna, 1530; d. Lublin, 22 Aug. 1584. He was educated at the High School, Cracow; studied at Padua (1552), and traveled in Italy. He then went to Paris (1555) and was inspired by Ronsard to write poetry. Returning to his native country he was appointed secretary to King Sigismund Augustu. He was granted two benefices (1565 and 1566), but returned to live on his family estate, Czarnlyas (1568), where he devoted his time to the Muses. In 1575 he resigned from the duties of his religious offices and was invited to reside at the court by the newly-crowned king, Stephan Báthory, but refused the honor, as also the office of Kastellan, tendered him by Chancellor Zamojski. Next to Mickiewicz, he was the most important poet of Poland. His ‘Treny’ (Cracow 1580), elegies on the death of his daughter Ursula, are considered masterpieces as to poetic flight and mastery of language. His drama ‘Odprawa poslow grekich’ (‘The Despatching of the Greek Ambassadors’) was written (1578) in honor of the marriage of Zamojski to Princess Báthory. Other well-known poems of his are ‘Proporzec albo hold pruski’ (‘The Banner or Homage to Prussia’); the satiric poem ‘Z goda’ (‘Unity’) appeared in 1564; ‘Fraszki’ (‘Fragments’) was published in 1584 and is in the gayest strain, reminding of the ‘Decameron.’ His translations of the ‘Psalms’ is considered to be the best in existence. He wrote also, in Latin, such works as ‘Lyricorum libellus’ (1580); ‘Elegiarum libri quatuor’ (1584), and numerous poems composed for special occasions. The perfection of the Polish language is due to him; he greatly enriched Polish poetry by naturalizing foreign poetic forms which he understood how to imbue with national spirit. Collections of his works appeared from 1584 to 1641, but the last and best (Warsaw 1884) is in four volumes. Consult Przyborowski, ‘Biography of Kochanowski’ (Posen 1857), also Löwenfelt, ‘Jan Kochanowski und seine lateinischen Dichtungen’ (Posen 1878).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Kobold, Hermann Albert

Edition of 1920. See also Hermann Kobold on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
KOBOLD, kō'bȯlt', Hermann Albert, German astronomer: b. Hanover, 5 Oct. 1858. He studied at a private school and the Royal Gymnasium, Hanover, and at Göttingen University. He was attached to the O'Gyalla Observatory in Hungary (1880-83), was astronomer on the German Venus Expedition to Aiken, S. C., and was appointed (1883-86) to the commission of observation of the transit of Venus. He was attached to the Strassburg Observatory (1886-1902) and at Kiel Observatory (1902). In 1908 he became editor of the Astronomische Nachrichten. He wrote ‘Bau des Fixsternsystems, mit besondere Rüchsicht der photometrische Resultate’ in Die Wissenschaft (1906).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Koch, Karl

Edition of 1920. See also Karl Koch (botanist) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
KOCH, Karl, German botanist: b. Ettersberg, near Weimar, 6 June 1809; d. Berlin, 25
May 1879. He studied in Jena and Wurzburg and taught, as privatdocent, in Jena (1834). He undertook a journey of research into Russia (1836-38) and a second (1843-44), then settled in Berlin (1847), being later appointed assistant professor, also general secretary, of the Verein zur Beförderung des Gartenbau of the state of Prussia, in which position he published Wachenschrift für Gartnerei und Pflanzenkunde (1858-72). He was appointed professor of the Agricultural High School in Berlin (1859). He wrote ‘Reise durch Russland nach dem kaukasischen Isthmus’ (Stuttgart 1842-43); ‘Wanderungen im Orient’ (Weimar 1846-47); ‘Hartus dendrologicus’ (Berlin 1853-54); ‘Dendrologie’ (Erlangen 1869-72), etc.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Koch, Max

Edition of 1920. See also Max Koch (academic) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
KOCH, Max, German historian and critic: b. Munich, 22 Dec. 1855. He studied in Munich and Berlin, and taught (as docent) at Marburg (1880). He was appointed assistant professor and later professor at Breslau. He wrote ‘Helferich Peter Sturz und die Schleswigschen Literaturbriefe’ (Munich 1879); ‘Ueber die Beziehungen der englischen Literatur zur deutschen im 18 Jahrhundert’ (Leipzig 1883); ‘Shakespeare’ (Stuttgart 1885); ‘Geschichte der deutschen Literatur von den ältesten Zeiten bis zur Gegenwart’ (Leipzig; 2d ed., 1904). He compiled for Goedeke's ‘Grundriss’ the Goethe and Schiller literature, later to be followed by his compilations on ‘Shakespeare’ and ‘Chamisso’ for the Cotta's ‘Bibliothek der Weltliteratur,’ and on: Von Arnim, Brentano, Eichendorff, Fouqué, Hoffmann, Schulze, Immermann and Lenau for Kürchener's ‘Deutsche National Literatur,’ etc. He founded Zeitschrift für vergleichende Literaturgeschichte {Berlin 1886, later Weimar).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Koch, Christian Friedrich

Edition of 1920. See also Christian Friedrich Koch on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
KOCH, kōk, Christian Friedrich, German jurist: b. Mohrin, 9 Feb. 1798; d. Neisse, Silesia, 21 Jan. 1872. He studied under Savigny until 1825 and wrote ‘Versuch einer systematischen Darstellung der Lehre vom Besitz nach preussischem Recht’ (Berlin 1826). This brought him immediate recognition and led to his numerous appointments. He studied French law in Cologne and Aix-la-Chapelle and was appointed justice of the Supreme Court at Marienwerder (1829). He was appointed director of the law courts, successively, at Kulm (1832); Grossglogau (1834); Halle (1840). He received the appointment of director of the Court of Justice of the principality at Neisse, where he worked zealously till his death. He reconstructed the entire Prussian jurisprudence. He wrote ‘Das Recht der Forderungen nach gemeinem und preussischem Recht’ (Breslau 1836-43; Berlin 1858-59); ‘Lehrbuch des preussischen Privatrechts’ (Berlin 1845; 2d ed., 1857-58); ‘Das preussische Erbrecht aus dem gemeinen deutschen Recht entwickelt’ (Berlin 1866); ‘Das preussische Zivilprozessrecht’ (ib. 1847; 6th ed., 1871). Another important work of his was ‘Kommentar zum Allgemeinen Landrecht’ (Berlin 1852-55; 8th ed., 1883-87). He was founder of the Schlesisches Archiv für die praktische Rechtwissenschaft (Berlin 1837-46). Consult Behrend, J. F., ‘Christian Friedrich Koch’ (Berlin 1872).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Kobé

Edition of 1920. See also Kobe on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
KOBÉ, kō bĕ, Japan, a treaty port and former municipality of the main island Hondo, on the west short of the Gulf of Osaka, adjoining on the northeast the prefectural city of Hiogo, with which it was united in 1892. It is the most important of the treaty ports with the largest trade and shipping, a fine harbor, docks, wharves for ocean steamers, ship-building yards, railway shops and other important industrial establishments. Kobé is well laid out with wide streets, electrically lighted. Pop. 442,167.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Koch, Joseph Anton

Edition of 1920. See also Joseph Anton Koch on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
KOCH, Joseph Anton, Austrian landscape painter and etcher: b. Obergiebeln, Tyrol, 27 July 1768; d. Rome, 12 Jan. 1839. He started life tending cattle; was given instruction at the Stuttgart Karlschule through the recommendation of Bishop Umgelder (1785). He ran away from the strict discipline (1791) and reached Strassburg and, later, Rome (1795), where he became acquainted with and a follower of the classic tendency of Carstens. He adopted the style of Poussin and Claude Lorraine in landscape work. In his early days at Rome he etched the pages of Carstens ‘Les Argonautes, selon Pindar, Orphée et Apollonius de Rhode’ (Rome 1799). He also etched 20 Italian landscapes and a large sheet representing “the Oath of the French at Millesimo”; 14 pages after Dante, adding later another 30 (published Vicenza 1904), and 36 after Ossian. He contributed American landscape scenes to the works of von Humboldt (1805). At the Pinakothek, Munich, are his ‘Sacrifice of Noah’ and landscapes. He was forced, through inadequate income from his work, to go to Vienna, where he worked prolifically (1812-15). He returned to Rome, where he painted, among other works, the four frescoes in the Dante Room of the Villa Massimi (1824-29). His presence and personality had considerable influence among the younger generation in the art life of Rome. His work, directed humorously against unjustifiable criticism and false connoisseurship, was entitled ‘Moderne Kunstchronik oder die Rumfordische Suppege kocht und geschrieben von J. A. K.’ (Stuttgart 1834). His last years were spent in great poverty. Consult Frimmel, ‘Joseph Anton Koch’ (in Dohne's ‘Kunst and Künstler des 19ten Jahrhunderts,’ Leipzig 1884).