OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Jacques Gravier

From volume 6 of the work.
Jesuit missionary; born 1651 at Moulins, where he studied classics and philosophy under the Jesuits; died in Louisiana in 1708. He joined the Jesuit Order in 1670, studied theology at the college of Louis-le-Grand, Paris, and was sent to Canada in 1685. In 1686 he went to Michilimackinac. In 1687 he succeeded Allouez in the Illinois mission begun by Marquette. He is the true founder of that mission, where he spent ten years of incredible hardship and suffering. He was the first to master the Illinois idiom, and reduced it to grammatical form. He grouped Kaskaskia and Peoria Indians, at the Rocher, near Ft. St. Louis, and despite the machinations of the medicine-men he moulded his flock into a model Christian Church. In his task he was seconded by a saintly woman, daughter of a Kaskaskia chief. In 1696 he was superior at Michilimackinac, with the title of vicar-general of Bishop St. Vallier. In 1700 he returned to the Illinois mission. In 1706 the ungrateful Peorias attacked and cruelly wounded the missionary. An arrow-head imbedded in his arm could never be extracted even by the surgeons in Paris. In 1708 Gravier returned to Louisiana, where he died of his wound that same year.
Rochemonteix, Les Jésuites et la Nouvelle France (Montreal, 1896); Shea, The Catholic Church in Colonial Days (New York, 1886).
LIONEL LINDSAY
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Jacques Jasmin

From volume 8 of the work.
Jasmin, Jacques, Provencal poet, b. at Agen, March 6, 1798; d. October 4, 1864. When a very young boy, he had to help his parents, who were in straitened circumstances, by picking up dead wood in the forests or doing errands at the fairs. It was only at the age of twelve that he was first sent to school, attending afterwards the seminary of Agen, where he stayed a very short time. He then became a journeyman hairdresser, and a few years later opened a hairdressing shop of his own. To complete his scanty education, he began to read, after hours, the works of Florian, Ducray-Duminil, and above all Goudouli, an eighteenth century poet, from Toulouse, known as the "last troubadour". From his childhood he had been acquainted with popular songs in his native patois, because his father, a tailor and almost illiterate, had a real talent for doggerel verses which he sang at fairs. Jacques himself soon started writing songs, and used to recite them to his customers. Being applauded by local admirers, he ventured to publish in 1825 a first volume, "Charivari", and from 1825 to 1831 various songs and patriotic hymns, which were highly praised by the Academies of Bordeaux and Toulouse. They met with a tremendous success, even beyond the boundaries of his province, and Parisian critics, like Sainte-Beuve and Nodier, pointed out the genuine talent of the hairdresser-poet. He then enjoyed a national reputation, received from King Louis-Philippe the cross of the Legion of Honor, and in 1852 was granted a prize of 5000 francs by the French Academy. All his works have been collected in four volumes under the common title of "Papillotos (curl paper) de Jasmin, coiffur, de las Academias d'Agen et de Bordeou" (Agen, 1845-53). He stubbornly declined to go and settle in Paris, whose worldly life frightened his simple and candid nature, and continued, among others, the noted poem, "Abuglo de Castel-Cuille" (Blind Girl of Castel-Cuille-1836), which was translated into English by Longfellow; "Francounetto" (1840); "Marthe la Folle" (1844); "Les deux Freres jumeaux" (1845); "La Semaine d'un Fils" (1849), and "Mes Souvenirs" (begun in 1831, and supplemented at several intervals). These gay poems are redolent with a true Christian spirit. When he died, he was engaged in writing a long poem against Renan's "Vie de Jesus". The language he used in his poems was not the literary and erudite language of the troubadours, but a popular dialect of Agen; it is harmonious, highly musical, and full of picturesque idioms.
LOUIS N. DELAMARRE
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Jacques Goar

From volume 6 of the work.
A Dominican and hellenist, b. at Paris, 1601, d. 23 September, 1653. He entered the convent of the Annunciation in the Rue St. Honore 1619, and made his profession there 24 May, 1620. Although lector of philosophy and theology, he applied himself to the study of Greek, and was sent to the Orient by his superiors, that he might eventually render service to the Roman Church, through his knowledge of the ecclesiastical documents and the positive theology of the Greeks. He resided at Chios as missionary Apostolic and prior of the Convent of St. Sebastian (1613-39), and availed himself of his opportunities of travel to observe the various rites, to form the acquaintance of Orthodox scholars, and to study the points at issue between the Catholics and schismatics. About 1640 he returned to Rome bringing with him many manuscripts, some of which were valuable. Henceforth he was in communication with the most learned and celebrated Greeks, notably Leo Allatius, Basil Falasca, George Coresi, Pantaleon Ligardio, and others. In 1643 he returned to Paris and was made master of novices, but in November of that year went to Rome on business for the order. After his return to Paris (16 July, 1644) he devoted himself to putting in order the rich material he had brought from the East, which he had increased by visits to the libraries of France and Italy. Appointed vicar provincial in 1652, his health failed under so many labours, and he fell ill and died.
The most important work of Goar is his "Euchologion sive Rituale Graecorum complectens ritus et ordines divinae liturgiae" (Paris, 1667), a classic work for the study of Greek Liturgy; it is important for its original texts and for its learned commentaries; in the second edition (Venice, 1730) a number of errors were corrected. He also edited "Georgii Cedreni, compendium historiarum" (Paris, 1647); "Georgius Codinus curopalata, De officiis magnae Ecclesiae et aulae Constantinopolitanae (Paris, 1648); "Georgii Monachi et S.P.N. Tarasii Chronographia ab Adamo usque ad Diocletianum"; "Nicephori patriarchae Breviarium chronologicum" (Paris, 1652); "Theophanis Chronographia et Leonis grammatici Vitae" (Paris, 1655). This edition of Theophanes was finished by F. Combefis. Coar also left unfinished (in manuscript) a work of the Greek canonist Blastares: "Collectio elementaris materiarum omnium sacris et divinis canonibus contentarum a Matthaeo Blastare elucubrata simul et compacta", and a work of Silvester Syropulos. Finally we owe to Goar the "Historia universalis Joannis Zonarae ad MSS. codices recognita" (Paris, 1687); it was continued and completed by Du Cange.
H. LECLERCQ
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Thogatnalai Korava

​Thogatnalai Korava.— Recorded as a synonym of a thief class in the southern districts of the Madras Presidency. In a recent note on the Koravas, Mr. F. Fawcett writes that " a fact to be noted is that people such as the members of the well-known Thogamalai gang, who are always called Koravas by the police, are not Koravas at all. They are simply a criminal community, into which outsiders are admitted, who give their women in marriage outside the caste, and who adopt children of other castes."
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Thupa

​Thupa (ghī, clarified butter). — An exogamous sept of Kuruba.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Thālam

​Thālam (palmyra palm). — An exogamous sept or illam of Kānikar.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Thāmballa

​Thāmballa (sword bean : Canavalia ensiformis).— An exogamous sept of Tsākalas, members of which will not eat the bean.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Thogaru

​Thogaru (bitter). — An exogamous sept of Mūsu Kamma.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Thākur

​Thākur.— About a hundred members of this caste are returned, in the Madras Census Report, 1901, as belonging to a Bombay caste of genealogists and cultivators. It is recorded, in the Bombay Gazetteer, that "inferior in rank to Marāthas, the Thākurs are idle and of unclean habits. Though some of them till and twist woollen threads for blankets, they live chiefly by begging and ballad singing. At times they perform plays representing events mentioned in the Purāns and Rāmayan, and showing wooden puppets moved by strings."
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Thonda

​Thonda (Cephalendra indica). — An exogamous sept of Mūsu Kamma, and gōtra of Janappans, members of ​which abstain from using the fruit or leaves of the thonda plant.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Thippa

​Thippa (rubbish heap). — An exogamous sept of Kama Sale.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Thumma

​Thumma (bābūl : Acacia arabica). — An exogamous sept of Māla and Padma Sālē. The bark, pods, and leaves of the babul tree are used by tanners in the preparation of hides and skins, or as a dye.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Thādla

​Thādla.— Thādla or Thālla, meaning rope, is an exogamous sept of Dēvānga and Karna Sālē.
# Carroll v. Greenwich Insurance Company of New York

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
199 U.S. 401
Carroll v. Greenwich Insurance Company of New York
Argued: November 7, 8, 1905. --- Decided: November 27, 1905
Messrs. Charles W. Mullan and Charles A. Clark for appellant.
Messrs.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 401-405 intentionally omitted] John G. Johnson, James C. Davis, and George H. Carr for appellees.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 405-407 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice Holmes delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Carroll v. President and Commissioners of Princess Anne/Concurrence Black

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Concurring Opinion Black
United States Supreme Court
393 U.S. 175
Carroll v. President and Commissioners of Princess Anne
Argued: Oct. 21, 1968. --- Decided: Nov 19, 1968
Mr. Justice BLACK concurs in the result.
Mr. Justice DOUGLAS, while joining the opinion of the Court, adheres to his dissent in Kingsley Books Inc. v. Brown, 354 U.S. 436, 446-447, 77 S.Ct. 1325, 1330-1331, 1 L.Ed.2d 1469, and to his concurring opinion in Freedman v. State of Maryland, 380 U.S. 51, 61-62, 85 S.Ct. 734, 740-741.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Carroll v. Lanza

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
349 U.S. 408
Carroll v. Lanza
Argued: March 31, 1955. --- Decided: June 6, 1955
Mr. Shields M. Goodwin, Little Rock, Ark., for petitioners.
Mr. Alston Jennings, Little Rock, Ark., for respondent.
Mr. Justice DOUGLAS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Canada Gazette/Volume LXXIII/No. 11/Proclamation, September 1, 1939 (2)

* related portals: Canada, Canadian Proclamations.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
Declaration of apprehended war with the German Reich
TWEEDSMUIR
[L.S.]
CANADA
Greeting:
A PROCLAMATION
ERNEST LAPOINTE,
Attorney General,
CANADA
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Now Know Ye that by and with the advice of Our Privy Council for Canada We do hereby proclaim and declare by this Our Proclamation that apprehended war exists and has existed as and from the twenty-fifth day of August, one thousand nine hundred and thirty-nine.
Of All Which Our Loving Subjects and all others whom these Presents may concern are hereby required to take notice and to govern themselves accordingly,
By Command,
# Canada Gazette/Volume LXXIII/No. 11/Proclamation, September 1, 1939 (1)

Re-convening Parliament early, for September 7, 1939
TWEEDSMUIR, [L.S.]
CANADA
Greeting:
A PROCLAMATION
WHEREAS Our Parliament of Canada stands prorogued to the Second day of the month of October, 1939, at which time at Our City of Ottawa you were held and constrained to appear. Nevertheless, for certain causes and considerations, We do Will, by and with the advice of Our Privy Council for Canada, that you and each of you, be as to Us in this matter entirely exonerated, Commanding, and by the tenor of these Presents enjoining you, and each of you, and all others in this behalf interested, that on Thursday, the Seventh day of the month of September next at Our City of Ottawa, aforesaid, personally you be and appear, for the DESPATCH OF BUSINESS, to treat, do, act and conclude upon these things which in Our said Parliament of Canada, by the Common Council of Our said Dominion, may by the favour of God be ordained.
By Command,
# Canada Gazette/Volume LXXIII/No. 12

​No. 12—Vol. LXXIII
The Canada Gazette La Gazette du Canada
OTTAWA, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 16, 1939
* Notice to Advertisers
* Proclamation, September 1, 1939
* Proclamation, September 10, 1939
* Proclamation, August 25, 1939
* Proclamation, August 26, 1939
This work is in the public domain worldwide because it was prepared or published by or under the direction or control of the Canadian Government or any government department prior to 1974.
Section 12 of the Canadian Copyright Act provides a reservation for Crown rights or privileges. Lack of modern case law on the subject makes it unclear whether perpetual prerogative rights over these documents still apply, or whether these rights have lapsed. Notwithstanding, these documents are reproducible under the terms of the Reproduction of Federal Law Order.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Canada Gazette/Volume LXXIII/No. 12/Notice to Advertisers

NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS
1. Address all communications to — The King's Printer, Ottawa, Canada.
2. The advertising rates of the Canada Gazette are as follows: First insertion, twenty cents (20c.) per agate line (fourteen lines to the inch), subsequent insertions, seven and one-half cents (7½c.) per line. Copies of the Canada Gazette are supplied only when ordered and at a charge of twenty cents (20c.) each.
3. Advertising copy must be in English or French and, failing instructions to the contrary, will be published only in the language in which it is submitted. If publication in both languages is desired, the Advertiser must so instruct. The translation will be made if required, at a charge of fifty cents (50c.) per hundred words.
4. A provisional remittance of five dollars ($5.00) should accompany any advertisement. After the first insertion a statement will be sent to the Advertiser, showing cost of same, with details of moneys received or owing.
5. The various classes of notices which by statutory requirements are to be published in the Canada Gazette, will, failing instructions to the contrary, be given insertion as follows:
6. The Canada Gazette is published every Saturday morning. To ensure publication in the next issue advertising copy must be, in the case of Bankruptcy Act Notices, received by Tuesday noon, and in all other cases, by Wednesday noon.
7. The subscription price of the Canada Gazette is eight dollars ($8.00) per annum, payable strictly in advance; single copies twenty cents (20c.).
J. O. PATENAUDE, I.S.O.
King's Printer.
Ottawa, July 2, 1938.
# Canada Gazette/Volume LXXIII/No. 12/Proclamation, August 25, 1939

Declaration of October 9, 1939 as a day of thanksgiving
CANADA
GEORGE THE SIXTH, by the Grace of God of Great Britain, Ireland, and the British Dominions beyond the Seas KING, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India.
To All To Whom these Presents shall come or whom the same may in anywise concern,
Greeting;
A PROCLAMATION
C. P. PLAXTON, Acting Deputy Minister of Justice, Canada.
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We therefore considering that these blessings enjoyed by Our people throughout the said Dominion do call for a solemn and public acknowledgement have thought fit, by and with the advice of Our Privy Council for Canada, to appoint, and We do appoint Monday, the ninth day of October next as a day of general thanksgiving to Almighty God for the bountiful crop and other blessings with which Canada has been favoured this year; And We do invite all Our loving subjects throughout Canada to observe the said day as a day of general thanksgiving.
Of All Which Our Loving Subjects and all others whom these Presents may concern are hereby required to take notice and to govern themselves accordingly.
By Command,
E. H. COLEMAN, Under-Secretary of State.
# Canada Gazette/Volume LXXIII/No. 12/Proclamation, September 10, 1939

* related portals: Canada, World War II, Canadian Proclamations.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
Declaration of a state of war with the German Reich
CANADA
GEORGE THE SIXTH, by the Grace of God of Great Britain, Ireland, and the British Dominions beyond the Seas KING, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India.
To All To Whom these Presents shall come or whom the same may in anywise concern,
Greeting;
A PROCLAMATION
ERNEST LAPOINTE, Attorney General, Canada.
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WHEREAS by and with the advice and consent of Our Privy Council for Canada We have signified Our Approval of the issue of a Proclamation in the Canada Gazette declaring that a State of War with the German Reich exists and has existed in Our Dominion of Canada as and from the tenth day of September, 1939;
Now Therefore We do hereby Declare and Proclaim that a State of War with the German Reich exists and has existed in Our Dominion of Canada as and from the tenth day of September, 1939.
Of All Which Our Loving Subjects and all others whom these Presents may concern are hereby required to take notice and to govern themselves accordingly.
By Command,
W.L. MACKENZIE KING, Prime Minister of Canada.
# Canada Gazette/Volume LXXIII/No. 11/Notice to Advertisers

NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS
1. Address all communications to — The King's Printer, Ottawa, Canada.
2. The advertising rates of the Canada Gazette are as follows: First insertion, twenty cents (20c.) per agate line (fourteen lines to the inch), subsequent insertions, seven and one-half cents (7½c.) per line. Copies of the Canada Gazette are supplied only when ordered and at a charge of twenty cents (20c.) each.
3. Advertising copy must be in English or French and, failing instructions to the contrary, will be published only in the language in which it is submitted. If publication in both languages is desired, the Advertiser must so instruct. The translation will be made if required, at a charge of fifty cents (50c.) per hundred words.
4. A provisional remittance of five dollars ($5.00) should accompany any advertisement. After the first insertion a statement will be sent to the Advertiser, showing cost of same, with details of moneys received or owing.
5. The various classes of notices which by statutory requirements are to be published in the Canada Gazette, will, failing instructions to the contrary, be given insertion as follows:
6. The Canada Gazette is published every Saturday morning. To ensure publication in the next issue advertising copy must be, in the case of Bankruptcy Act Notices, received by Tuesday noon, and in all other cases, by Wednesday noon.
7. The subscription price of the Canada Gazette is eight dollars ($8.00) per annum, payable strictly in advance; single copies twenty cents (20c.).
J. O. PATENAUDE, I.S.O.
King's Printer.
Ottawa, July 2, 1938.
# Canada Gazette/Volume LXXIII/No. 11

​No. 11—Vol. LXXIII
The Canada Gazette La Gazette du Canada
OTTAWA, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 9, 1939
* Notice to Advertisers
* National Harbours Board By-law no. 96
* National Harbours Board By-law no. 85
* National Harbours Board By-law no. 1
* Proclamation, September 1, 1939 (1)
* Proclamation, September 1, 1939 (2)
* Proclamation, August 25, 1939
* Proclamation, August 26, 1939
This work is in the public domain worldwide because it was prepared or published by or under the direction or control of the Canadian Government or any government department prior to 1974.
Section 12 of the Canadian Copyright Act provides a reservation for Crown rights or privileges. Lack of modern case law on the subject makes it unclear whether perpetual prerogative rights over these documents still apply, or whether these rights have lapsed. Notwithstanding, these documents are reproducible under the terms of the Reproduction of Federal Law Order.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Gūna

​Gūna.— Gūna or Gūni is a sub-division of Velama. The name is derived from the large pot (gūna), which dyers use.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Gūna Tsākala

​Gūna Tsākala (hunchbacked washerman). — Said to be a derisive name given to Velamas by Balijas.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Hajam

​Hajam.— The Hindustani name for a barber, and used as a general professional title by barbers of various classes. It is noted, in the Census Reports, that only fifteen out of more than two thousand individuals returned as Hajām were Muhammadans, and that, in South Canara, Hajāms are Konkani Kelasis, and of Marāthi descent.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Halaba

​Halaba. — See Pentiya.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Gōsu

​Gōsu (pride).—An exogamous sept of Dēvānga.