OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Rimston, William

William Rymington in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
​RIMSTON or REMINGTON, WILLIAM (fl. 1372), theological writer, was a Cistercian monk of Salley, Yorkshire, and graduated doctor of theology at Oxford. He was chancellor of Oxford in 1372.
He wrote: 1. 'Dialogus inter Catholicam veritatem et Hereticam pravitatem sive ​contra Wicclevistas,’ beginning ‘Quadraginta quinque conclusionibus meis.’ 2. ‘Conclusiones 26 Hæreticæ.’ 3. ‘Conclusiones Catholicæ,’ called ‘Doctrina simpliciter literatorum’ (all these are in the Bodleian MS. B. 3. 13.; cf. Bernard, Cat. MSS. Nos. 1997, 13–15). 4. ‘Stimulus peccatoris secundum Willelmum Rymtoun,’ with versified preface addressed to an anchorite monk, beginning ‘Memento miser homo;’ there is a copy in the Cambridge University library, Hh. iv. 3 (11). It is ascribed to ‘Thomas Remyston, doctor and monk of Salley,’ in the catalogue of Sion monastery, which also attributes to him a ‘Meditacio divini amoris.’ Tanner also assigns to Rimston two other works which he did not know to be extant, and two sermons which he says were contained in Digby MS. 122, but they are not there now.
[Tanner's Bibl. Brit., under Remyston and Rimston; Le Neve's Fasti Anglic. iii. 465; Visch's Bibl. Script. Cisterc.; Catalogus Cod. MSS. Bibl. Bodl., pars nona; Cat. MSS. Cambr. Univ. Libr. iii. 288.]
M. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hopkins, Richard

​HOPKINS, RICHARD (d. 1594?), catholic exile, was born of ‘genteel parents,’ and at about seventeen years of age became a commoner of St. Alban's Hall, Oxford, where he was residing in 1563. Leaving the university without a degree he studied law at the Middle Temple, but he eventually became ‘wearied with the heresy of the place,’ and proceeded about 1566 to Louvain. There he contracted a close friendship with Dr. Thomas Harding (1512–1572) [q. v.] He afterwards prosecuted his studies in one of the ​Spanish universities, but returned to Louvain, where he was residing with his sister in 1579. After visits to Rheims (July 1580) and to Rouen in 1586, he is found again in Paris in 1589. In the Cottonian MS. Titus B. ii. f. 224 is an intercepted letter from him to Cardinal Allen at Rome, dated at Antwerp 8 Jan. 1594. In a memorial drawn up in that year for the Archduke Ernest, governor of the Low Countries, regarding English persons and affairs in their relation to the government of Flanders, he is thus mentioned: ‘Hay tambien Ricardo Hopequins, hombre de grande fidelidad y zelo en las cosas del servicio de Dios y del rey’ (Douay Diaries, pp. 403, 406). The date of his death is unknown. Pits and Dodd speak highly of his learning and generosity.
He translated the following works from the Spanish of Father F. Lewis de Granada, provincial of the order of Friar-preachers, in the province of Portugal: 1. ‘Of Prayer and Meditation; wherein is conteyned fowertien devoute Meditations for the seven daies of the weeke, bothe for the Morninges and Eveninges. And in them is treyted of the consideration of the principall holie Mysteries of our Faithe,’ Paris, 1582, 8vo, illustrated by curious plates; London, 1592, 24mo; Douay, 1612, 24mo. 2. ‘A Memoriall of a Christian Life; Wherein are treated all such thinges, as apperteyne unto a Christian to doe, from the beginninge of his conversion until the ende of his Perfection,’ Rouen, 1586, 8vo, with many neat engravings; Rouen, 1599, 8vo; Douay, 1612, 8vo; St. Omer, 1625, 8vo.
[Letters and Memorials of Cardinal Allen, pp. 75, 78, 393; Gillow's Dict. of English Catholics; Harl. MS. 295, f. 261; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. (Bohn), p. 1351; Pits, De Angliæ Scriptoribus, p. 896; Dodd's Church History, ii. 164; Tanner's Bibl. Brit. p. 412; Wood's Athenæ Oxon. (Bliss), i. 567.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hopkins, William (1706-1786)

​HOPKINS, WILLIAM (1706–1786), Arian writer, born in 1706, was the son of John Hopkins of Monmouth. After attending Monmouth grammar school, he matriculated at All Souls College, Oxford, on 19 Nov. 1724, and graduated B.A. in 1728 (Foster, Alumni Oxon., 1715–1886, ii. 689). He became in 1729 curate of Waldron, Sussex; in 1731 curate of Buxted and Cuckfield in the same county, an assistant master of Cuckfield grammar school, and vicar of the neighbouring village of Bolney. In 1753 he published anonymously ‘An Appeal to the Common Sense of all Christian People, more particularly the members of the Church of England, with regard to an important point of faith and practice imposed upon their consciences by Church authority, by a Member of the Church of England’ (other editions in 1754, 1775, and 1787), which excited some controversy. He was elected master of Cuckfield school in 1756. His next attack on the church was published without his name in 1763 as ‘The Liturgy of the Church of England reduced nearer to the standard of Scripture.’ This was followed about 1765 by another anonymous treatise, entitled ‘An Attempt to restore Scripture forms of Worship; or a friendly Dialogue between a common Unitarian Christian and an Athanasian’ (other editions in 1784 and 1787). In 1766 Hopkins undertook the curacy of Slaugham, Sussex, and officiated there many years, and in his own parish of Bolney, making what alterations he pleased in the service, with the connivance of his churchwardens. He supported the petition to parliament for relief in the matter of subscription to the liturgy and Thirty-nine Articles, and published anonymously in 1772 two pamphlets on the subject: 1. ‘Queries recommended to the consideration of the public with regard to the Thirty-nine Articles,’ and 2. ‘A Letter to the Rev. Josiah Tucker, Dean of Gloucester, occasioned by his Apology for the present Church of England.’ His last work, issued in 1784, was ‘Exodus.’ A corrected Translation, with Notes critical and explanatory, in which notes he renewed his attack on the articles and liturgy. He died in 1786.
[Life prefixed to An Appeal (ed. 1787); Robert Williams's Eminent Welshmen, p. 220.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hopkins, William (1647-1700)

​HOPKINS, WILLIAM (1647–1700), divine, born at Evesham, Worcestershire, on 2 Aug. (baptised 28 Aug.) 1647, was the son of George Hopkins (1620–1666), rector of All Saints Church, Evesham, who was ejected from Evesham in 1662 for nonconformity, but afterwards, when at Dumbleton in Gloucestershire, took the Oxford oath to avoid the operation of the Five Mile Act, and wrote ‘Salvation from Sin,’ &c., London, 1655, 8vo, to which Richard Baxter contributed a preface. William Hopkins was sent to the free school of his native town, and on 29 Oct. 1661 became a commoner of Trinity College, Oxford, migrating in 1666 to St. Mary Hall. He graduated M.A. 9 April 1668, D.D. 5 July 1692. On 2 Sept. 1671 he accompanied Henry Coventry as chaplain in his second embassy to Sweden [see Coventry, Henry, 1619–1686], and there began the study of northern antiquities, ‘in which,’ says Hickes, ‘he was a good proficient.’ On Coventry's recommendation he was made a prebendary of Worcester Cathedral on 22 March 1675. On 23 June 1678 the dean and chapter of the cathedral gave him the curacy of Mortlake, Surrey, from which he was preferred in 1686 to the vicarage of Lindridge, Worcestershire. He was also, about 1680, afternoon preacher at St. Lawrence Jewry, London, and on 16 May 1697 was chosen master of St. Oswald's Hospital, Worcester. He gave up his salary as master to form a fund for the benefit of the hospital. In 1686 Hopkins went to live in Worcester. He held his prebend there till his death, from a fever, on 18 May 1700. He was buried in Worcester Cathedral. Hickes, dean of Worcester, who was intimate with Hopkins from about 1680, says he was a modest, benevolent, and learned man, who gave him great assistance while he was dean. He married, first, on 3 Feb. 1678, Averill (d. 1691), daughter of Thomas Martin; secondly, in the autumn of 1699, Elizabeth Whitehorne, widow of Dr. Whitehorne of Tewkesbury.
Hopkins published ‘The Book of Bertram or Ratramnus concerning the Body and Blood of the Lord’ (Latin, with English translation), ​1686, 8vo; also 1688, 8vo; and ‘Animadversions on Mr. Johnson's Answer to Jovian’ (i.e. Hickes), 1691, 8vo. ‘Seventeen Sermons’ by him were published by Hickes after his death, with a memoir, London, 1708, 12mo. Hopkins also collected materials for a history of Worcester Cathedral, and helped Bishop Gibson in his editions of the ‘Saxon Chronicle’ and Camden's ‘Britannia.’
[Life of Hickes prefixed to the Seventeen Sermons; Wood's Athenæ Oxon. ed. Bliss, iv. 680–681; Chalmers's Biog. Dict.; Green's Hist. of Worcester, ii. 102, 103.]
W. W.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hopkins, William (fl.1674)

​HOPKINS, WILLIAM (fl. 1674), stenographer, was a writing-master and professional teacher of shorthand in London, where he published a little work, beautifully engraved by John Drapentier, entitled ‘The Flying Pen-Man, or the Art of Short-Writing by a more easie, exact, compendious, and speedy way,’ London [1670], 12mo; 2nd edition, 1674, with the author's portrait prefixed. From the address to the reader it appears that it was a main part of his design to ‘accommodate our merchants, and others English in the parts beyond the seas, with this Succinct, Secret, and Litle Pocket Consort, that there, in spite of Misguided Zeal, the Doctrine which is only necessary (but forbidden to be read in our Native Language on the other side of the water) may be read secretly and at pleasure, with safetie because Secret.’ Hopkins's scheme of stenography is founded partly on the Cartwright-Rich method, and partly on earlier systems.
[Westby-Gibson's Bibliography of Shorthand, p. 97; Granger's Biog. Hist. of England, 1824, v. 346; Journalist, 29 April 1887, p. 44; Levy's Hist. of Shorthand, p. 55; Lewis's Hist. of Shorthand, p. 82; Rockwell's Literature of Shorthand, 1855, p. 95.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hopkinson, John

​HOPKINSON, JOHN (1610–1680), antiquary, son of George Hopkinson of Lofthouse, near Leeds, by his second wife, Judith, daughter of John Langley of Horbury, was born at Lofthouse in 1610. He states that he was a member of Lincoln's Inn, and for some part of the reign of Charles I he was clerk of the peace for the county of York. Thoresby, in his ‘Diary,’ infers that he had been Norroy king-of-arms, meaning really deputy to that officer. When Sir William Dugdale made a visitation of the county of York in 1665–6, Hopkinson accompanied him as his secretary. In spare moments he employed himself in transcribing old deeds connected with Yorkshire families, and also in drawing out the pedigrees of the Yorkshire gentry. In this way he slowly accumulated a very extensive antiquarian miscellany in manuscript, which has been largely used by local historians and genealogists. Hopkinson was well enough known and respected to have special letters of protection granted to him and his father during the civil war by both the Marquis of Newcastle and Fairfax. He died 28 Feb. 1680, and was buried at Rothwell, near Leeds, where there is a monument to his memory in the chancel of the church.
Hopkinson's collections, which comprised at least eighty volumes, passed on his death to his sister Jane, who had married Richard Richardson. About half came by descent into the possession of Frances Mary Richardson Currer [q. v.] of North Bierley and Eshton in Yorkshire, and from her passed to her relative, Sir Matthew Wilson. These have been catalogued by the Historical Manuscripts Commission. The other portion are in the possession of J. G. F. Smyth of Heath, near Wakefield, who is also descended from Richard Richardson and Jane Hopkinson.
Many copies of Hopkinson's various collections have been made, especially of the genealogies of the West Riding families. One ​is in the British Museum, Harl. 4630. Another, much enlarged and corrected by Thomas Wilson, F.S.A., is in the Leeds Library.
[Thoresby's Diary, ed. Hunter, i. 110; James's Hist. of Bradford, Pref. viii; Lupton's Wakefield Worthies, p. 208; Taylor's Leeds Worthies, p. 109; Nichols's Illustrations, i. 253 sqq., iii. 366 sqq.; Noble's Hist. of College of Arms; Burke's Landed Gentry; Hist. MSS. Comm. 3rd Rep. xviii. and App. 293 sqq., 4th Rep. App. 409, 6th Rep. App. 448, 451, 453, 454, 461, 462; Foster's Yorkshire Pedigrees.]
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hopkinson, William

​HOPKINSON, WILLIAM (fl. 1583), divine, graduated B.A. in 1567 from St. John's College, Cambridge, and was a minister in Lincolnshire, perhaps at Kirton in Lindsey in that county. He wrote: 1. ‘An Evident Display of Popish Practices, or patched Pelagianism, wherein is mightily cleared the Sovereign Truth of God's eternal Predestination, the stayed groundwork of our assured Safety,’ London, 1578, 4to; a translation from Beza's vindication of Calvin's predestination, dedicated to Aylmer, bishop of London. 2. ‘A Preparation into the Waie of Life, with a Direction into the right use of the Lordes Supper,’ London, 1583, 12mo; a catechism, dedicated to Sir Henry Sidney. 3. ‘Animadversions on some places of Tremelius's version of the Bible,’ Brit. Mus. Royal MS. 17 A. 42.
[Cooper's Athenæ Cantabr. ii. 5; Ames's Typogr. Antiq. (Herbert), pp. 986, 1159; Strype's Annals, ii. 556; Strype's Aylmer, p. 38; Casley's Cat. of the Royal Library, p. 261.]
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hopkirk, Thomas

Dates 1785–1841 in the ODNB.
​HOPKIRK, THOMAS (1790?–1851?), botanist, born at Dalbeath, near Glasgow, about 1790, was elected fellow of the Linnean Society in November 1812, and in the next year published ‘Flora Glottiana, being a Catalogue of the Indigenous Plants on the Banks of the Clyde,’ Glasgow, 8vo. Four years later, in 1817, he produced, also at Glasgow, his principal work, ‘Flora Anomoia; a General View of the Anomalies in the Vegetable Kingdom,’ with a frontispiece designed by himself. It is usually misquoted as ‘Flora Anomala.’ His name last appeared in the annual lists of the Linnean Society in 1851. The genus Hopkirkia of Sprengel is merged in Salmea, and the homonymous genus established by De Candolle has also disappeared. It is identical with Schkuhria.
[Annual Lists, Linn. Soc. 1812–52; Journ. Bot. 1889, xxvii. 116; Sowerby's English Botany, tab. 2532.]
B. D. J.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hopley, Edward William John

​HOPLEY, EDWARD WILLIAM JOHN (1816–1869), painter, born in 1816, resided for the early part of his life at Lewes in Sussex. He was originally destined for the medical profession, but soon turned to art, settled in London, and after some years succeeded in gaining popularity as a painter of domestic subjects, and also of portraits. In 1845 he exhibited at the British Institution a picture entitled ‘Love not,’ and in 1854 and 1855 two pictures illustrating the ‘Vicissitudes of Science,’ viz. ‘Sir Isaac Newton explaining to Lord Treasurer Halifax his Theory of Colour’ and ‘Michael Angelo in the Gardens of the Medici.’ In 1859 he exhibited a picture entitled ‘The Birth of a Pyramid,’ the result of considerable archæological research and industry, which attracted attention. He exhibited first at the Royal Academy in 1851, when he sent ‘Psyche.’ His last work was a portrait of Professor Owen, F.R.S., exhibited at the British Institution in 1869. Hopley resided latterly at 14 South Bank, Regent's Park, where he died 30 April 1869, in his fifty-third year. He invented a trigonometrical system of facial measurement for the use of artists.
[Art Journal, 1869, p. 216; Catalogues of the Royal Academy and British Institution.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Pitcairn, William

​PITCAIRN, WILLIAM, M.D. (1711–1791), physician, eldest son of David Pitcairn, minister of Dysart, Fifeshire, was born at Dysart in 1711. He studied at the university of Leyden, where he entered on the physic line on 15 Oct. 1734, and attended the lectures of Boerhaave. He took the degree of M.D. at Rheims. His mother, Catherine, belonged to the Hamilton family, and he became private tutor to James, sixth duke of Hamilton, stayed with him at Oxford, and travelled abroad with him in 1742. The university of Oxford gave him the degree of M.D. at the opening of the Radcliffe Library in April 1749. Soon after he began practice in London, and was elected a fellow of the College of Physicians on 25 June 1750. In 1752 he was Gulstonian lecturer, and in 1753, 1755, 1759, and 1762 a censor. He was elected president in 1775, and every year till he resigned in 1785. He was elected physician to St. Bartholomew's Hospital on 22 Feb. 1750, and resigned on 3 Feb. 1780. He lived in Warwick Court, near the old College of Physicians in Warwick Lane, in the city of London, and had a very large practice as a physician. On 4 March 1784 he was elected treasurer of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, and thenceforward lived in the treasurer's house in the hospital. He had a country residence, with a botanical garden of five acres, in Upper Street, Islington. He was long remembered in St. Bartholomew's, where a ward is still called after him. His sagacious use of opium in fevers was remarkable, and in enteric fever, the entity of which was not then recognised, he no doubt saved many lives which had ​otherwise been lost by diarrhœa or by hæmorrhage. He died at Islington on 25 Nov. 1791, and was buried in a vault in the church of St. Bartholomew the Less, within the hospital walls, 1 Dec. 1791. His portrait, by Sir Joshua Reynolds, is in the censor's room at the College of Physicians; it was engraved by John Jones in 1777. Another engraved portrait, by Hedges, is mentioned by Bromley. Pitcairn received Radcliffe's gold-headed cane from Anthony Askew [q. v.], and his arms are engraved upon it.
[Munk's Coll. of Phys. ii. 174; The Gold-headed Cane, London, 1827; Norman Moore's Brief Relation of the Past and Present State of St. Bartholomew's Hospital; Original Minute Books of St. Bartholomew's Hospital.]
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Pitman, John Rogers

​PITMAN, JOHN ROGERS (1782–1861), divine and author, was born in 1782, and educated at Pembroke College, Cambridge. He was admitted B.A. in 1804, and proceeded M.A. in 1815. Taking holy orders, he was appointed perpetual curate of Berden or Beardon and vicar of Ugley, Essex, 18 Feb. 1817 (Foster, Index Eccl. p. 141). He became well known as a preacher in London, at Berkeley and Belgrave Chapels, and at the Foundling and Magdalene Hospitals before 1830. In 1833 he was presented to the perpetual curacy of St. Barnabas, Kensington, by the vicar, J. H. Pott. He resigned his Essex livings in 1846, and Kensington in 1848, becoming domestic chaplain to the Duchess of Kent. He died at Bath on 27 Aug. 1861, a few months after his royal patroness (Gent. Mag. 1861, ii. 452).
He was a prolific writer, compiler, and editor, producing annotated editions of the works of Jeremy Taylor (1820–2), Lightfoot (1822–5), Reynolds (1826), of Hooke's ‘Roman History’ (1821), of Patrick's and Lowth's Commentaries (1822), and of Bingham's ‘Origines Ecclesiasticæ’ (1840). Besides numerous sermons, he also published:
* ‘Excerpta ex variis Romanis poetis,’ London, 1808, 8vo.
* ‘Practical Lectures upon the Ten First Chapters of the Gospel of St. John,’ London, 1821, 8vo; with a supplement, 1822.
* ‘The School Shakespeare,’ with notes, London, 1822, 8vo.
* ‘Sophoclis Ajax,’ Greek and Latin, with notes, London, 1830, 8vo.
* ‘Practical Commentary on our Lord's Sermon on the Mount,’ London, 1852, 8vo.
E. G. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Pitcairn, David

​PITCAIRN, DAVID, M.D. (1749–1809), physician, born on 1 May 1749 in Fifeshire, was eldest son of Major John Pitcairn, who was killed at the battle of Bunker's Hill. Robert Pitcairn (1747?–1770?) [q. v.] was his brother. He was sent to the high school of Edinburgh, thence to the university of Glasgow, and after some years to the university of Edinburgh, from which he went in 1773 to Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, where he graduated M.B. in 1779 and M.D. in 1784. In 1779 he began practice in London, and was elected a fellow of the College of Physicians on 15 Aug. 1785. He was five times censor, and in 1786 was also Gulstonian lecturer and Harveian orator. On the resignation of his uncle, William Pitcairn [q. v.], he was, on 10 Feb. 1780, elected physician to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, and held office till 1793, when he resigned. He rapidly attained a large private practice. Dr. John Latham, M.D. [q. v.], mentions, in his treatise on gout and rheumatism, that David Pitcairn was the first to discover that valvular disease of the heart was a frequent result of rheumatic fever, and that he published his discovery in his teaching at St. Bartholomew's Hospital. On 11 April 1782 he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society. He had frequent attacks of quinsy, and failing health, accompanied by hæmoptysis, in 1798, forced him to give up work and spend eighteen months in Portugal. He returned to England and continued to practise, but on 13 April 1809 had an attack of sore throat, followed by acute inflammation of the larynx, with consequent œdema of the glottis, of which he died on 17 April 1809, at Craig's Court, Charing Cross. Dr. Matthew Baillie [q. v.], who had lived in intimate friendship with him for thirty years, attended him, and has described his case, with the similar one of Sir John Macnamara Hayes [q. v.], who died of the same disease three months later. Pitcairn's body was examined by Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie the elder [q. v.], in the presence of Matthew Baillie, Everard Home, and W. C. Wells.
He was buried in the family vault in the church of St. Bartholomew the Less, without the walls of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London. A tablet to his memory was erected in the church of Hadham Magna, Hertfordshire. His portrait, by Hoppner, is in the College of Physicians, and shows him to have been a handsome man, with a peculiarly frank and open countenance. He married Elizabeth, daughter of William Almack, and she bequeathed this picture to the college. There is a good engraving of it by Bragg.
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Pitcairn, Robert (1747?-1770?)

​PITCAIRN, ROBERT (1747?–1770?), midshipman, son of Major John Pitcairn of the marines, killed in the battle of Bunker's Hill, was born in Edinburgh about 1747. David Pitcairn [q. v.] was his younger brother. On 15 July 1766 he was entered as a midshipman on board the Swallow, then fitting out for a voyage of discovery under Captain Philip Carteret [q. v.] According to the Swallow's pay-book, he was then nineteen. ​On Thursday, 2 July 1767, the Swallow sighted an island in the Pacific, according to their reckoning, in latitude 20° 2′S. and longitude 133° 21′ W. ‘It is so high,’ wrote Captain Carteret, ‘that we saw it at the distance of more than fifteen leagues; and it having been discovered by a young gentleman, son to Major Pitcairn of the marines … we called it Pitcairn's Island.’ The Swallow paid off in May 1769, and Pitcairn appears to have joined the Aurora, which sailed from England on 30 Sept. After touching at the Cape of Good Hope she was never heard of, and it was supposed that she went down in a cyclone near Mauritius in January or February 1770. Pitcairn's name does not appear in her pay-book, but it is quite possible that he was entered very shortly before she sailed, and was not reported to the admiralty, or that he was a supernumerary for disposal. Carteret stated that Pitcairn was lost in her in a subsequently published ‘Journal’ of the voyage of the Swallow. The island which Pitcairn discovered could not afterwards be found, the reported latitude and longitude being erroneous; but it has been very generally, and no doubt correctly, identified with the island to which the mutineers of the Bounty retired in 1789, and where the survivors and their descendants were found in 1808 and again in 1814 [see Adams, John 1760?–1829]. This is now known as Pitcairn Island.
[Carteret's Journal in Hawkesworth's Voyages, i. 561.]
J. K. L.