OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Bede

Bede, surnamed "the venerable," was born in 672, in the diocese of Durham, in England, and was brought up in the monastery of St. Paul, at Yarrow, in which he passed his whole life. He was ordained deacon at the age of nineteen, and priest at thirty. He is believed to have died in his convent, in 735, at the age of sixty-three. An edition of his works was published at Cologne in 1612, (8 vols. folio,) in which we find two treatises upon music, one entitled "Musica quad-rate seu mensurata," (Music squared or measured,) and the other "Musica Theoretica." Burney ands Forkel both think that the first of these treatises must have been the work of a later writer. Yet it is not proved that no notions of measured music existed among the northern nations in the eighth century. In his "Ecclesiastical History," Bede mentions a harmony in two consonant parts, of which there were examples in England in his time. His two works on music have been united under the title, "Venerabilis Bede de Music� Libri Duo," (Basle, 1565.) The book is exceedingly rare. In the eighth volume of his works is found a little essay entitled, "Interpretatio vocum rariorum in Psalmis, quibus instrumenta musica eel aliae species singulares denotantur," (Interpretation of the usual names by which musics; instruments, &c., are called in the Psalms.)
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Bedrick

Bedrick. A harper. He is said to have possessed no less than three villas in Gloucestershire. It is therefore evident that at a very early period commenced the custom of extravagant remuneration for musical ability.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Beckwith, Dr

Beckwith, Dr., organist of the cathedra: and of St. Peter's at Norwich, was a very able theoretical and practical musician, and a scholar of the Hayses of Oxford. Some very simple instructions by him, for playing thorough bass, are given in the first volume of the "Quarterly Musical Review," p. 380. Dr. Beckwith was the master of Vaughan, the singer. He composed the glee, "Hark o'er the waves," and "The Suppliant's Prayer," a song. " Six Anthems" of his are also published by Clementi.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Bedford, Arthur

Bedford, Arthur, died in England hi 1745. He published "The great Abuse of Music," London, 1711 ; also, "The Temple of Music, or an Essay concerning the Method of Singing the Psalms of David in the Temple before the Babylonish Captivity," 1712.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Shirley, James

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
SHIRLEY, JAMES, an English dramatist; born in London, England, Sept. 13, 1596; went to Merchant Taylors' School, whence he passed in 1612 to St. John's College, Oxford. Laud esteemed him highly, but discouraged him from seeking holy orders. He migrated, however, to Catharine Hall, Cambridge, took orders, and held for a short time a living at or near St. Albans, but becoming a Catholic resigned it, taught school for two years, and then retired to the metropolis, lived in Gray's Inn, and set up for a play maker. For his plots Shirley drew on his own inventiveness. Beaumont and Fletcher were his models, even more than Ben Jonson. Most of his plays are tragi-comedies. His chief plays were “Love Tricks” (1625); “The Maid's Revenge” (1626); “The Brothers” (1626); “The Witty Fair One” (1628); “The Wedding” (1628); “The Traitor,” his finest and also his strongest tragedy (1631); “The Changes, or Love in a Maze” (1632); “The Gamester,” an admirable comedy, (1633); “The Lady of Pleasure” (1635); and “The Cardinal.” In 1646 he printed a volume of his poems, including his masque of “The Triumph of Beauty.” As a writer of masques he is second only to Ben Jonson. Among his best was “The Triumph of Peace,” presented by the Inns of Court before the king and queen in 1633. The only complete edition of his works is that edited by Gifford and Dyce (6 vols. 1833). There is a selection of five plays with “The Triumph of Peace,” in the “Mermaid” series, by E. W. Gosse (1888). He died in poverty, Oct. 29, 1666.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Slidell, John

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
SLIDELL, JOHN, an American statesman; born in New York City, about 1793; was graduated at Columbia University in 1810; studied law, and in 1819 went to New Orleans, where he soon acquired a large practice. He was appointed United States district attorney for Louisiana in 1829; elected to Congress in 1843; made minister to Mexico in 1845; and was in the United States Senate in 1853-1861. In September, 1861, he was appointed a Confederate commissioner to France, and in November set out with his associate, James M. Mason, for Southampton. Both commissioners were seized on the English mail steamer “Trent” by Capt. Charles Wilkes of the United States steamer “San Jacinto,” and brought to the United States. After imprisonment in Fort Warren he was released on the demand of Great Britain, and sailed for England in January, 1862. From England he at once went to Paris, where in February, 1862, he paid his first visit to the French minister of Foreign Affairs. His mission, which had for its object the recognition of the Confederate States by France, was a failure, but he succeeded in negotiating a large loan and in securing the ship “Stonewall” for the Confederate government. After the war he settled in London, England, where he died July 29, 1871.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Shreveport

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
SHREVEPORT, a city and parish-seat of Caddo parish, La.; on the Red river, and on the Texas and Pacific, the Houston and Shreveport, the St. Louis Southwestern, and other railroads, 326 miles N. W. of New Orleans. It is one of the most important cities in Louisiana, owing to its location in a great stockraising and cotton growing region. Here are St. John's College, St. Vincent's Convent, St. Mary's Convent, hospitals, sanitoriums, a high school, United States government building, United States Marine Hospital, board of trade, cotton exchange, waterworks, street railroad and electric light plants, National and State banks, and several daily and weekly newspapers. Shreveport has a large trade in wool, cotton, livestock, groceries, and hides; cotton gins, cotton-seed oil mills, cotton compresses, manufactories of ice, cotton machinery, etc. Pop. (1910) 28,015; (1920) 43,874.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Sioux Indians

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​SIOUX, or DACOTAH, INDIANS, a once powerful family of North American Indians. Their number is estimated at 25,000; they are well advanced in civilization and are increasing in population. In 1862, the Sioux under the lead of Little Crow, a noted chief, in consequence of the annuity not having been paid to their satisfaction, waged a most cruel and exterminating war on the whites of Minnesota; and so well concerted were their schemes that no less than 640 men, women, and children, and 94 soldiers, were killed before the massacre was stayed. As an atonement for their great crime in thus murdering the whites the Federal Government allowed only 38 out of 303 Indians found guilty by a proper tribunal, to be executed. This clemency, though seemingly unjust, was the result of mature deliberation on the part of the authorities at Washington, who found that the Indians had been greatly wronged, and in consequence of which they sought revenge. They are now divided into small branches, and located on several reservations, chiefly in North and South Dakota and Minnesota.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Slezak, Leo

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
SLEZAK, LEO, an Austrian singer, born at Mährisch-Schönberg, in 1876. He early developed musical talent and when only 17 years of age made his first appearance as “Lohengrin.” He sang in Berlin in 1898 with great success, and for seven years succeeding was a member of the Vienna Opera. In 1908 he began studying with Jean de Reszke, and in the following year made a remarkable success at Covent Garden, London. This was followed by his engagement, lasting a number of years, at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York. He was especially excellent in the Wagner operas and in many of the Italian operas.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Sigel, Franz

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
SIGEL, FRANZ, an American military officer; born in Sinsheim, Baden, Nov. 18, 1824; was graduated at the military school at Carlsruhe in 1843 and commissioned a lieutenant in the army. When the Baden revolution began he raised troops; assumed the leadership of the insurrection; and was made Secretary of War and Commander-in-Chief of the army. He came to the United States in 1852, and when the Civil War broke out, organized a regiment and went to the front, where he served with unusual distinction, being promoted Major-General.
Subsequently he settled in New York City, where he entered politics; was made collector of internal revenue in May, 1871;
register of the city in October, 1871, and pension agent in 1886; later was head of an advertising bureau and editor and publisher of the “New York Monthly.” Died August, 1902.
FRANZ SIGEL
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Siren

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​SIREN, in acoustics, an instrument for determining the number of vibrations corresponding to a note of any given pitch.
In classical mythology, certain melodious divinities who dwelt on the shores of Sicily, and so charmed passing mariners by the sweetness of their song that they forgot their homes and remained there till they perished of hunger. According to one legend, they threw themselves into the sea, from rage and despair, on hearing the more melodious song of Orpheus. Originally there were only two sirens; but their number was afterward increased to three, and their names are given with great variety.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Sitka

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
SITKA, or NEW ARCHANGEL, a port of entry and former seat of administration of Alaska Territory; on the W. coast of the island of Sitka or Baranof; about 1,300 miles N. of San Francisco.
It is located amid beautiful scenery, and has a wide and deep harbor, somewhat difficult of entrance. The town contains a hospital, museum, an industrial and public school, the Greek Church of St. Michael, built in 1816, and in which the Russians still maintain the national religion, and a Presbyterian mission, where boys and girls receive an industrial training in connection with the ordinary branches of an English education. The principal business establishment, that of the Russian-American Fur Company, organized in 1799, was located here till 1863. When Alaska was transferred to the United States in 1867, Sitka contained only about 100 log huts. Since then it has made considerable progress and a number of substantial and permanent buildings have been erected. Pop. (1920) 1,175.
© Publishers' Photo Service :
TOWN AND HARBOR OF SITKA, ALASKA :
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Sioux Falls

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​SIOUX FALLS, a city and county-seat of Minnehaha co., S. D.; on the Sioux river, and on the Illinois Central, the Great Northern, the Burlington, the Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul and other railroads; 90 miles N. of Sioux City, Ia. It contains the Sioux Falls College (Bapt.), Lutheran Normal School, All Saints School, the State penitentiary, the State School for Deaf Mutes, libraries, several National and other banks, and several daily and weekly newspapers. The city is the seat of a Roman Catholic bishop, and of the Protestant Episcopal bishop of South Dakota. It has important jasper quarries, and manufactories of woolen and linen goods, boilers, brick, brooms, flour, soap, etc. The meat-packing industry is important. Pop. (1910) 14,094; (1920) 25,202.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Siphon

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​SIPHON, a curved tube having one branch longer than the other; used for transferring liquids from higher to lower levels. It acts by atmospheric pressure, and consequently cannot be depended on for overcoming heights greater than about 30 feet near the level of the sea, and a less height at greater elevations.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Finley, John Huston

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
FINLEY, JOHN HUSTON, an American educator; born in 1863 at Grand Ridge, Ill. He was educated at Knox College and at Johns Hopkins University. From 1892 to 1899 he served as president of Knox College, and after that as editor of “Harper's Weekly,” and later of “McClure's Magazine.” Princeton University appointed him in 1900 professor of politics, and three years later he was elected president of the College of the City of New York. In 1913 he became Commissioner of Education for the State of New York, a position he still holds. In 1917 he went to France as special commissioner representing the State of New York in matters pertaining to education. He is the author of many periodical articles and reviews, and his recent books are: “The French in the Heart of America” (1914); “French Schools in War Time” (1917); “A Pilgrim in Palestine” (1918).
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Fisher, Irving

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
FISHER, IRVING, an American economist; born in Saugerties, N. Y., in 1867. He graduated from Yale in 1888 and afterward studied in Berlin and in Paris. In 1890 he joined the faculty of Yale and became successively assistant professor and professor of political economy, the latter in 1898. From 1896 to 1910 he was editor of the “Yale Review.” He was president and director of many important commissions, including the Citizens' Commission on War-Time Prohibition, and the National Conservation Commission, appointed by President Roosevelt. In 1917 he was chairman of the board of scientific directors of the Eugenics Record Office. During the campaign of 1920 he was active in support of the League of Nations as a campaign issue. He wrote “The Nature of Capital and Income” (1906); “The Rate of Interest” (1907); “The Purchasing Power of Money” (1911); “Stabilizing the Dollar” (1919). He also contributed numerous articles to magazines.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Florida, University of

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​FLORIDA, UNIVERSITY OF, a State institution for higher education, established in 1905. It is organized into a Graduate School; College of Arts and Sciences; College of Agriculture; College of Engineering; College of Law; Teachers' College; University Extension Division; and an Agricultural Experiment Station. It has an income of over ​$100,000 a year for current expenses. In 1919 there were 43 instructors and 988 students. President, A. A. Murphree, LL.D.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Flores

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​FLORES, a department of Uruguay, with an area of 1,744 square miles. The surface is level and well watered. The chief industry is the raising of cattle. Wheat and corn are also produced. The capital is Trinidad. Pop. about 25,000.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Finland, Gulf of

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
FINLAND, GULF OF, one of the great arms of the Baltic Sea, extending E. and N. between lat. 58° 40′ and 60°
40′, and between lon. 23° and 30° 10′ E. It has a length of 260 miles, by a varying width of between 25 and 90 miles.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Fitchburg

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
FITCHBURG, a city and one of the county-seats of Worcester co., Mass., on the New York, New Haven, and Hartford, railroad; 50 miles N. W. of Boston. It comprises the villages of Traskville, Rockville, South Fitchburg, West Fitchburg, and Fitchburg Center. It contains a public library, high school, electric street railroad, electric lights, several National and savings banks, and a number of daily and weekly newspapers. There are manufactories of pianofortes, tools, machinery, paper, saws, electrical apparatus, steam engines, bicycles,
firearms, cotton, and woolen goods, etc. Pop. (1910) 37,826; (1920) 41,013.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Florence Crittenton Mission

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​FLORENCE CRITTENTON MISSION, an organization, established in 1883 by C. F. Crittenton, having for its purpose the tendering of aid to women in need of it, particularly those of an unfortunate class. The mission has established homes in seven cities of the United States, and has one in Marseilles, France, and another in Tokyo, Japan. Its principal establishment is in New York City, and here over 1,000 girls have been cared for. The head office is in Washington, D. C., and a feature of the mission is the provision of summer homes, to which girls can be sent for the summer holidays.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Florentine School

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​FLORENTINE SCHOOL, a school of painting remarkable for greatness; for attitudes seemingly in motion; for a certain dark severity; for an expression of strength by which grace is perhaps excluded; and for a character of design approaching to the gigantic. This school has an indisputable title to the veneration of all the lovers of the arts, as the first in Italy which cultivated them.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Vicariate Apostolic of Ubanghi

From volume 15 of the work.
(UPPER FRENCH CONGO.)
Vicariate Apostolic; formerly part of the Vicariate of French Congo, erected on 14 Oct., 1890. It has an area of about 386,000 sq. miles, and is bounded south and east by the Congo and the Ubanghi; north by the Prefecture Apostolic of Ubanghi-Chari; west by the Vicariates of Loanga, Gabon, and Camerun; the mission of Linzolo lying south-west of Brazzaville was transferred from Loanga to Ubanghi on 14 Feb., 1911. The principal tribes in the vicariate are the Batekes, Bavanzis, and Bondjos, the last two being cannibals. The French representatives, especially M. de Chavannes and M. Dolisie, have greatly aided in the establishment and development of the mission. The first attempt to gain a foothold in the territory of the vicariate was made by Father (now Bishop) Augouard in 1883 at Brazzaville, but it failed owing to the unhappy experiences of the natives at the hands of Stanley; in July, 1887, however, Mgr. Carrie succeeded, owing to the help of M. de Chavannes. The Sisters of St. Joseph of Cluny arrived at Brazzaville on 21 August, 1892, and have a convent, chapel, and school there on a site presented by the French Government. Brazzaville, the centre of French interests in the Congo and in which the bishop resides, is situated on a plateau 120 ft. high at the place where the Congo leaves Stanley Pool. Its cathedral, 37 metres long, 12 broad, and 9 high, surmounted by a steeple and cross rising 20 metres, was dedicated on 3 May, 1894. In 1895 the first two Christian marriages in Ubanghi were solemnized before the vicar apostolic. The mission spread to the surrounding villages and later to the Alima, 300 kilometres up the Congo; still higher up are the stations at Liranga (at the junction of the Congo and the Ubanghi), founded by Fathers Paris and Allaire on 3 April, 1889; at Bangui (1125 miles from the coast), established among the cannibal Bondjos and Buzerus and pastoral Ndris, by Fathers Sallaz and Rémy, in January, 1894; and at Sainte-Famille among the Banziris, in 1895, by Father Moreau, — this is now the headquarters of the Prefecture of Ubanghi Chari. Near these stations have been established "free villages" where natives escaping from the clutches of the cannibal or slave owners can reside in safety. Bishop Augouard was awarded a prize of $3000 in April, 1912, by the French Academy of Moral and Political Sciences in appreciation of his work during thirty-four years in French Congo. Mission statistics: The vicariate, of which Bishop Philippe-Prosper Augouard, titular Bishop of Sinidos (b. 16 Sept., 1852; joined the Congregation of the Holy Ghost, to whom the mission is entrusted; and was consecrated, 23 November, 1890), is in charge, has 12 priests; 25 lay brothers; 12 Sisters of St. Joseph of Cluny; 8 churches; 4 stations; 23 chapels; 23 schools with 1534 children; 7 orphanages with 902 orphans; 8 hospitals; 5 workshops; Catholic population, 3500; 2500 catechumens; and 5,000,000 pagans. The hot damp climate is very severe, and in one year (1897-8) 14 of the 31 missionaries died.
A.A. MACERLEAN
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Vicariate Apostolic of Zamora

From volume 15 of the work.
Vicariate Apostolic in South Ecuador, created 3 February, 1893, by Leo XIII. The second Provincial Council of Quito (1869) established for the savages of that territory a mission with four chief residences, Napo, Macas, Gualaquiza, and Zamora, entrusted to the Society of Jesus, whose activity was much hampered by rebelious tribes. In 1889 Zamora came under the jurisdiction of the Franciscans, and at the end of 1892 Father Luis Torra took up his residence among these savages, in number from 700 to 1000, and with difficulty evangelized them, as they were cruel and loath to live in villages. The vicariate takes its name from a former Spanish settlement destroyed in 1559. The country is beautiful, and its fertile plains are watered by fine rivers. Recent revolts of the savages have compelled the missionaries to withdraw to the Franciscan convent of Loja.
Missiones Catholicae (Rome, 1907).
Alberto Odonez.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Vicariate Apostolic of Temiskaming

From volume 14 of the work.
The Vicariate Apostolic of Temiskaming, suffragan of Ottawa, Canada, is bounded on the north by Hudson Bay and the Great Whale River; on the south by the height of land, or watershed, except in the Temiskaming district, where the southern boundary is 47° N. lat.; on the east by 72° W. long and on the west by 91° W long. It was erected on 22 Sept., 1908, by dividing the Diocese of Pembroke. Father de Bellefeuille, S.S., and Father Dupuy of Montreal, first preached the Gospel here in 1836. Annual visits were made to the Indians of the district, missions being held at the Hudson Bay Company's trading posts. The Oblates of Mary Immaculate were given charge in 1843. Father Laverlochere was the first of these zealous missionaries. They established a residence at Fort Temiskaming in 1863, but removed to Ville Marie in 1886. Lumbering succeeded the fur trade and was followed by agriculture, the fertile shores of Lake Temiskaming rapidly attracting settlers. Railway construction with the discovery of silver and gold (1903), advanced the Ontario section. The Catholic population of the vicariate is about 20,000, including some 5000 Indians. Haileybury, Ontario, is the residence of the first vicar Apostolic, the Right Rev. Elie-Anicet Latulipe. There are 17 parishes, 20 missions, and many stations, served by 21 secular priests, 4 Missionaries of the Sacred Heart (who have a college also), and 9 Oblates of Mary Immaculate. The Marist Brothers, the Sisters of the Assumption (novitiate at Haileybury), the Grey Nuns of the Cross, the Sisters of the Sacred Heart, the Sisters of Providence, and the Sisters of the Holy Family conduct four boarding-convents, two hospitals, and one industrial school and refuge for Indians, besides several parochial schools. The Rt. Rev. Elie-Anicet Latulipe, D.D., was born at St. Anicet, Province of Quebec, 3 Aug., 1859. Ordained on 30 May, 1885, he was successively curate at St. Henri, Montreal, chaplain at the convents of the Good Shepherd, Montreal, and St. Anne's, Lachine, rector of Pembroke Cathedral, and pastor of Haileybury. He was named Bishop of Catenna and first Vicar-Apostolic of Temiskaming on 1 Oct., 1908, and consecrated on 30 Nov., 1908.
JOHN R. O'GORMAN