OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# New York New Haven Hartford Railroad Company v. Interstate Commerce Commission

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United States Supreme Court
200 U.S. 361
New York New Haven Hartford Railroad Company v. Interstate Commerce Commission
Argued: October 25, 26, 1905. --- Decided: February 19, 1906
Messrs. John W. Daniel, Fred Harper for the New York, New Haven, & Hartford Railroad Company.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 362-372 intentionally omitted] John W. Griggs, and
[Argument of Counsel from pages 372-374 intentionally omitted] Randolph Harrison and A. R. Long for the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Company.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 374-378 intentionally omitted]
Assistant Attorney General McReynolds and Mr. W. A. Day for the Interstate Commerce Commission.
Messrs.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 378-381 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice White, delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers: Series I/Volume IV/Manichaean Controversy/Against the Epistle of Manichaeus
## Contents

* Title Page
* Chapter 1
* Chapter 2
* Chapter 3
* Chapter 4
* Chapter 5
* Chapter 6
* Chapter 7
* Chapter 8
* Chapter 9
* Chapter 10
* Chapter 11
* Chapter 12
* Chapter 13
* Chapter 14
* Chapter 15
* Chapter 16
* Chapter 17
* Chapter 18
* Chapter 19
* Chapter 20
* Chapter 21
* Chapter 22
* Chapter 23
* Chapter 24
* Chapter 25
* Chapter 26
* Chapter 27
* Chapter 28
* Chapter 29
* Chapter 30
* Chapter 31
* Chapter 32
* Chapter 33
* Chapter 34
* Chapter 35
* Chapter 36
* Chapter 37
* Chapter 38
* Chapter 39
* Chapter 40
* Chapter 41
* Chapter 42
* Chapter 43
# Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers: Series I/Volume IV/Manichaean Controversy/Against the Epistle of Manichaeus/Chapter 11

Chapter 11.—Manichæus Promises Truth, But Does Not Make Good His Word.
12. "These," he says, "are wholesome words from the perennial and living fountain; and whoever shall have heard them, and shall have first believed them, and then shall have observed the truths they set forth, shall never suffer death, but shall enjoy eternal life in glory. For he is to be judged truly blessed who has been instructed in this divine knowledge, by which he is made free and shall abide in everlasting life." And this, as you see, is a promise of truth, but not the bestowal of it. And you yourselves can easily see that any errors whatever might be dressed up in this fashion, so as under cover of a showy exterior to steal in unawares into the minds of the ignorant. Were he to say, These are pestiferous words from a poisonous fountain; and whoever shall have heard them, and shall have first believed them, and then have observed what they set forth, shall never be restored to life, but shall suffer a woful death as a criminal: for assuredly he is to be pronounced miserable who falls into this infernal error, in which he will sink so as to abide in everlasting torments;—were he to say this, he would say the truth; but instead of gaining any readers for his book, he would excite the greatest aversion in the minds of all into whose hands the book might come. Let us then pass on to what follows; nor let us be deceived by words which may be used alike by good and bad, by learned and unlearned. What, then, comes next?
13. "May the peace," he says, "of the invisible God, and the knowledge of the truth, be with the holy and beloved brethren who both believe and also yield obedience to the divine precepts." Amen, say we. For the prayer is a most amiable and commendable one. Only we must bear in mind that these words might be used by false teachers as well as by good ones. So, if he said nothing more than this, all might safely read and embrace it. Nor should I disapprove of what follows: "May also the right hand of light protect you, and deliver you from every hostile assault, and from the snares of the world." In fact, I have no fault to find with the beginning of this epistle, till we come to the main subject of it. For I wish not to spend time on minor points. Now, then, for this writer’s plain statement of what is to be expected from him.
# Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers: Series I/Volume IV/Manichaean Controversy/Against the Epistle of Manichaeus/Chapter 12

Chapter 12.—The Wild Fancies of Manichæus. The Battle Before the Constitution of the World.
14. "Of that matter," he says, "beloved brother of Patticus, of which you told me, saying that you desired to know the manner of the birth of Adam and Eve, whether they were produced by a word or sprung from matter, I will answer you as is fit. For in various writings and narratives we find different assertions made and different descriptions given by many authors. Now the real truth on the subject is unknown to all peoples, even to those who have long and frequently treated of it. For had they arrived at a clear knowledge of the generation of Adam and Eve, they would not have remained liable to corruption and death." Here, then, is a promise to us of clear knowledge of this matter, so that we shall not be liable to corruption and death. And if this does not suffice, see what follows: "Necessarily," he says, "many things have to be said by way of preface, before a discovery of this mystery free from all uncertainty can be made." This is precisely what I asked for, to have such evidence of the truth as to free my knowledge of it from all uncertainty. And even were the promise not made by this writer himself, it was proper for me to demand and to insist upon this, so that no opposition should make me ashamed of becoming a Manichæan from a Catholic Christian, in view of such a gain as that of perfectly clear and certain truth. Now, then, let us hear what he has to state.
15. "Accordingly," he says, "hear first, if you please, what happened before the constitution of the world, and how the battle was carried on, that you may be able to distinguish the nature of light from that of darkness." Such are the utterly false and incredible statements which this writer makes. Who can believe that any battle was fought before the constitution of the world? And even supposing it credible, we wish now to get something to know, not to believe.  For to say that the Persians and Scythians long ago fought with one another is a credible statement; but while we believe it when we read or hear it, we cannot know it as a fact of experience or as a truth of the understanding. So, then, as I would repudiate any such statement on the ground that I have been promised something, not that I must believe on authority, but that I shall understand without any ambiguity; still less will I receive statements which are not only uncertain, but incredible. But what if he have some evidence to make these things clear and intelligible? Let us hear, then, if we can, what follows with all possible patience and forbearance.
# Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers: Series I/Volume IV/Manichaean Controversy/Against the Epistle of Manichaeus/Chapter 15

Chapter 15.—The Doctrine of Manichæus Not Only Uncertain, But False. His Absurd Fancy of a Land and Race of Darkness Bordering on the Holy Region and the Substance of God. The Error, First of All, of Giving to the Nature of God Limits and Borders, as If God Were a Material Substance, Having Extension in Space.
19. What if I shall have shown, with the help of God and of our Lord, that this writer’s statements are false as well as uncertain? What more unfortunate thing can be found than that superstition which not only fails to impart the knowledge and the truth which it promises, but also teaches what is directly opposed to knowledge and truth? This will appear more clearly from what follows: "In one direction on the border of this bright and holy land there was a land of darkness deep and vast in extent, where abode fiery bodies, destructive races. Here was boundless darkness, flowing from the same source in immeasurable abundance, with the productions properly belonging to it. Beyond this were muddy turbid waters with their inhabitants; and inside of them winds terrible and violent with their prince and their progenitors. Then again a fiery region of destruction, with its chiefs and peoples. And similarly inside of this a race full of smoke and gloom, where abode the dreadful prince and chief of all, having around him innumerable princes, himself the mind and source of them all. Such are the five natures of the pestiferous land."
20. To speak of God as an aerial or even as an ethereal body is absurd in the view of all who, with a clear mind, possessing some measure of discernment, can perceive the nature of wisdom and truth as not extended or scattered in space, but as great, and imparting greatness without material size, nor confined more or less in any direction, but throughout co-extensive with the Father of all, nor having one thing here and another there, but everywhere perfect, everywhere present.

## Footnotes

* ↑ [This exalted view of God Augustin held in common with the Neo-Platonists.—A.H.N.]
# Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers: Series I/Volume IV/Manichaean Controversy/Acts or Disputation Against Fortunatus the Manichaean/Title Page

St. AUGUSTIN:
acts or disputation
against
fortunatus the manichæan.
[acta seu disputatio contra fortunatum manichæum].
A.D. 392.
translated by
albert h. newman, d.d., ll.d.,
professor of church history and comparative religion, in toronto baptist (theological) college, toronto, canada.
# Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers: Series I/Volume IV/Manichaean Controversy/Against the Epistle of Manichaeus/Chapter 10

Chapter 10.—The Holy Spirit Twice Given.
11. For the glorification of our Lord among men is His resurrection from the dead and His ascension to heaven. For it is written in the Gospel according to John: "The Holy Ghost was not yet given, because that Jesus was not yet glorified." Now if the reason why He was not given was that Jesus was not yet glorified, He was given immediately on the glorification of Jesus. And since that glorification was twofold, as regards man and as regards God, twice also was the Holy Spirit given: once, when, after His resurrection from the dead, He breathed on the face of His disciples, saying, "Receive ye the Holy Ghost;" and again, ten days after His ascension to heaven. This number ten signifies perfection; for to the number seven which embraces all created things, is added the trinity of the Creator. On these things there is much pious and sober discourse among spiritual men. But I must keep to my point; for my business at present is not to teach you, which you might think presumptuous, but to take the part of an inquirer, and learn from you, as I tried to do for nine years without success. Now, therefore, I have a document to believe on the subject of the Holy Spirit’s advent; and if you bid me not to believe this document, as your usual advice is not to believe ignorantly, without consideration, much less will I believe your documents. Away, then, with all books, and disclose the truth with logical clearness, so as to leave no doubt in my mind; or bring forward books where I shall find not an imperious demand for my belief, but a trustworthy statement of what I may learn. Perhaps you say this epistle is also of this character. Let me, then, no longer stop at the threshold: let us see the contents.

## Footnotes

* ↑ John vii. 39.
* ↑ John xx. 22.
* ↑ [This is, of course, fanciful; but is quite in accordance with the exegetical methods of the time.—A.H.N.]
* ↑ [The Manichæans assumed the role of rationalists, and scorned the credulity of ordinary believers. Yet they required in their followers an amount of credulity which only persons of a peculiar turn of mind could furnish. The same thing applies to modern rationalistic anti-Christian systems. The fact is, that it requires infinitely less credulity to believe in historical Christianity than to disbelieve in it.—A.H.N.]
# Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers: Series I/Volume IV/Manichaean Controversy/Against the Epistle of Manichaeus/Chapter 13

Chapter 13.—Two Opposite Substances. The Kingdom of Light. Manichæus Teaches Uncertainties Instead of Certainties.
16. "In the beginning, then," he says, "these two substances were divided. The empire of light was held by God the Father, who is perpetual in holy origin, magnificent in virtue, true in His very nature, ever rejoicing in His own eternity, possessing in Himself wisdom and the vital senses, by which He also includes the twelve members of His light, which are the plentiful resources of his kingdom. Also in each of His members are stored thousands of untold and priceless treasures. But the Father Himself, chief in praise, incomprehensible in greatness, has united to Himself happy and glorious worlds, incalculable in number and duration, along with which this holy and illustrious Father and Progenitor resides, no poverty or infirmity being admitted in His magnificent realms. And these matchless realms are so founded on the region of light and bliss, that no one can ever move or disturb them."
17. Where is the proof of all this? And where did Manichæus learn it? Do not frighten me with the name of the Paraclete. For, in the first place, I have come not to put faith in unknown things, but to get the knowledge of undoubted truths, according to the caution enjoined on me by yourselves. For you know how bitterly you taunt those who believe without consideration. And what is more, this writer, who here begins to tell of very doubtful things, himself promised a little before to give complete and well-grounded knowledge.

## Footnotes

* ↑ [Compare the fuller account from the Fihrist in the Introduction.—A.H.N.]
# News Releases and other News Material/Number 01194/0006

Release No. 0006.94 Cynthia A. Eck (301) 436-5931 Ron Hall (202) 720-3310
USDA TO RULE ON GENETICALLY ENGINEERED SOYBEANS
WASHINGTON, Jan. 4--The U.S. Department of Agriculture is asking the public for comments on the Monsanto company's petition for a determination of nonregulated status for certain genetically engineered soybeans.
Monsanto Co., in Chesterfield, Mo., has asked to grow its bio-engineered soybean lines without securing further USDA permits or acknowledged notifications, according to John Payne, acting director of biotechnology, biologies and environmental protection for USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.
"After reviewing information submitted by Monsanto, as well as other relevant data and public comments, we'll determine whether it is appropriate to approve or deny this request that we no longer regulate the soybean lines involved," Payne said.
The soybean line, known as glyphosate-tolerant soybean line 40-3-2, or GTS line 40-3-2, is currently regulated because it contains gene sequences derived from plant pathogenic sources. Monsanto describes the GTS line 40-3-2 as soybeans that have been genetically engineered to tolerate the herbicide glyphosate.
Payne said that USDA regulators have the responsibility to assure that in releasing any bio-engineered plant, no plant pest risk is presented. APHIS reviewers focus on the biology, propagation and cultivation of the plant. The reviewers examine the source of the engineered genes, the vector used to transfer them and the stability of the insertion (in the current review process, APHIS regulators will inspect all the data).
​Notice of the USDA action was published in the Dec. 6 Federal Register. Comments will be considered if received on or before Feb. 4, 1994. An original and three copies of written comments referring to docket 93-148-1 should be sent to Chief, Regulatory Analysis and Development, PPD, APHIS, USDA, Room 804 Federal Building, 6505 Belcrest Road, Hyattsville, Md. 20782. Comments may be inspected at USDA, Room 1141 South Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C., or at USDA, Suite 7 (first floor) Federal Building, 6505 Belcrest Road, Hyattsville, Md. 20782, between 8 a.m. and 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, except holidays.
# News Releases and other News Material/Number 01194/0008

Release No. 0008.94 Bruce Merkle (202) 720-8206
USDA DETERMINES SUGAR MARKETING ALLOTMENT UNNECESSARY FOR 1994 FY 2ND QUARTER
WASHINGTON, Jan. 4--The U.S. Department of Agriculture today announced that sugar marketing allotments for domestic sugar will not be established during the second quarter of Fiscal Year 1994.
This determination is based on December estimates of the U.S. sugar situation and outlook for FY 1994. Re-estimates of the fiscal year sugar supply and distribution will be made quarterly to determine if marketing allotments are to be established later in the fiscal year.
# News Releases and other News Material/Number 01194/0009

Release No. 0009.94 Gene Rosera (202) 720-6734 Charles Hobbs (202) 720-4026
USDA ANNOUNCES PREVAILING WORLD MARKET RICE PRICES, MARKETING CERTIFICATE RATES
WASHINGTON, Jan. 4--Under Secretary of Agriculture Eugene Moos today announced the prevailing world market prices of milled rice, loan rate basis, as follows:
| --long grain whole kernels: | 11.77 cents per pound |
| --medium grain whole kernels: | 11.05 cents per pound |
| --short grain whole kernels: | 10.97 cents per pound |
| --broken kernels: | 05.88 cents per pound |
Based upon these milled rice world market prices, loan deficiency payment rates, gains from repaying price support loans at the world market price, and marketing certificate rates are zero.
These announced prices are effective today at 3 p.m. EST. The next scheduled price announcement will be made Jan. 11 at 3 p.m. EST.
# News Releases and other News Material/Number 01194/0007

Release No. 0007.94 Bruce Merkle (202) 720-8206
USDA ANNOUNCES FINAL 1994 UPLAND COTTON ACREAGE REDUCTION
WASHINGTON, Jan. 4--Secretary of Agriculture Mike Espy today announced that the acreage reduction percentage for 1994-crop upland cotton will be 11 percent. This is a 6.5 percentage point reduction from the preliminary level announced on November 1 and reflects tightened 1993-crop supplies resulting from a reduction in estimated U.S. and foreign cotton production in 1993. Espy said that the 11 percent acreage reduction for 1994 is projected by USDA to be the level which most closely conforms with applicable statutory requirements regarding the maintenance of a desirable end-of-year stock level.
The announced upland cotton acreage reduction percentage is lower than the preliminary level, so upland cotton producers in 'early planting areas' will not be unfairly disadvantaged by the change. Producers in those areas will be required to comply with today's announced reduction in 1994 in order to be eligible for 1994 program benefits.
# News Releases and other News Material/Number 01194/0003

Release No. 0003.94 Ed Curlett (301) 436-7255 Ron Hall (202) 720-3310
USDA PROPOSES PROGRAM THAT WOULD END QUARANTINE ON CANADIAN SEED POTATOES
WASHINGTON, Jan. 3--The U.S. Department of Agriculture is proposing to put in place a seed potato certification program that could make a federal quarantine on Canadian seed potatoes unnecessary. Because of this proposed certification program, a quarantine which had been imposed to stop the spread of the necrotic strain of potato virus Y (PVYn) would no longer be necessary.
The Canadian seed potato certification program, which resulted from a recent agreement between the United States and Canada, is called the Canada/United States PVYn Management Plan.
"The implementation of this plan would protect U.S. agriculture from potential risks imposed by PVYn, making federal regulations that apply to Canada with respect to PVYn unnecessary with regard to protection of U.S. agriculture," said B. Glen Lee, deputy administrator for plant protection and quarantine with USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.
The management plan calls for testing seed potatoes for PVYn in early generations and mandates the removal of infected seedlots from seed potato production.
Copies of the plan can be obtained by writing James Petit de Mange, operations officer. Port Operations Staff, PPQ, APHIS, USDA, Room 632, Federal Building, 6505 Belcrest Road, Hyattsville, Md. 20782.
Consideration will be given to comments received within 30 days of the proposed rule's publication in the Federal Register. The proposed rule was published in the Federal Register on Dec. 20.
An original and three copies of written comments referring to docket number 93-021-2 should be sent to Chief, Regulatory Analysis and Development, PPD, APHIS, USDA, Room 804, Federal Building, Hyattsville, Md. 20782.
Comments may be inspected at USDA, Room 1141 South Building, 14th Street and Independence Avenue S.W., Washington, D.C., between 8:00 a.m. and 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, except holidays.
# News Releases and other News Material/Number 01194/0002

​News Releases-
Release No. 0002.94 Jill Bauermeister (202) 205-1134 David Detar (301) 722-9807
USDA FOREST SERVICE ANNOUNCES A NEW PHONE NUMBER FOR CAMPGROUND RESERVATION SERVICE
WASHINGTON, Jan. 3---Effective January 1, 1994 the number for reserving USDA Forest Service campground sites throughout America will be changed to 1-800-280-2267. For the hearing and speech impaired, the number will be TDD 1-800-879-4496. These numbers replace the campground reservation numbers used in previous years.
Both family and group reservations will be accepted for many of the campgrounds in the 156 national forests and grasslands which are located within the continental United States, Alaska, and Puerto Rico. The reservation center will be able to tell customers which campground in which states are available for advance reservations through this system. This system will allow visitors to plan ahead for their trips and make greater use of the national forests and grasslands campgrounds.
The National Forest Reservation Center operating hours are:
January through September Monday - Friday 9:00 am - 9:00 pm EST
Saturday & Sunday 11:00 am - 7:00 pm EST
October through December Monday - Friday 11:00 am - 7:00 pm EST
Fees for reserving campsites through this system are S7.50 per family for a site and S15.00 for a group site. There is a S7.50 cancellation fee for reservations made through this system.