# History of Oregon Literature

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HISTORY OF OREGON LITERATURE
History of Oregon Literature
By Alfred Powers
ILLUSTRATED WITH MANUSCRIPTS
TITLE PAGES • PHOTOGRAPHS OF SCULPTURE • AND CRAYON DRAWINGS BY BERNARD HINSHAW
Metropolitan Press, Publishers
portland, oregon
1935
Copyright 1935 by Alfred Powers
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
   TO THREE OREGON FRIENDS WHO IN DIFFERENT WAYS ARE DEEPENING AND EXTENDING THE REGIONAL CULTURE THIS BOOK HAS ATTEMPTED TO DESCRIBE—TO ANNE M. MULHERON AND PETER BINFORD OF PORTLAND AND GEORGE REBEC OF EUGENE
Acknowledgments
Assistance in the preparation of this work has been received from many individuals, who, through interviews, correspondence and privately-owned records, have furnished the part of it not to be found in libraries. Generous and prolonged cooperation in the use of material preserved by the public has been given by Miss Nellie B. Pipes and Miss Irene Upson of the Oregon Historical Society; Miss Harriet C. Long and Miss Mirpah G. Blair of the Oregon State Library; Mr. M. H. Douglass of the University of Oregon Library; and Mr. Ronald H. Beattie of the University of California who examined books and manuscripts and followed up literary clues in the Bancroft Library.
Information on particular localities or writers has been supplied by Mrs. Gertrude Ingalls, sister of Frederic Homer Balch, Hood River; Mrs. George H. Lee, daughter of Belle W. Cooke, Portland; Mrs. Grace McCormac French of Carlton; Mr. Merle R. Chessman of Astoria; Mr. Ralph R. Cronise of Albany; Mr. Harry Crain of Salem; Mr. Harris Ellsworth of Roseburg; Professor Edwin T. Reed of Corvallis; Professor Alfred L. Lomax and Professor George S. Turnbull of Eugene; Miss Margaret Ewing, Mrs. Margaret M. Sharp, Mr. Earl Marshall, Mr. Stewart H. Holbrook, Mr. Frederick W. Skiff, Mr. Wallace S. Wharton and Mr. Burt Brown Barker of Portland; and Dr. H. G. Merriam, editor of the Frontier and Midland. The search for early Oregon songs was carried on with the aid of Mrs. Esther S. Townsend, Mr. ​Joseph Macqueen and Mr. Frederick W. Goodrich of Portland.
Mrs. Hilda Cooper of Portland assisted in organizing the material; Professor Melville Jacobs of the University of Washington contributed his original study on the dreams of the Coos Indians; and Mr. Elbert Bede of Cottage Grove wrote the chapter on Opal Whiteley.
The one who more than all others has given help in the research is Miss Laura Phillips, now instructor in English in Athena High School.
ALFRED POWERS.
Portland, Oregon, OCTOBER 1935.
Contents
PAGE
Illustrations
PAGE
“OREGON” By ELLA HIGGINSON - - Frontispiece THEcomingofTHEwhiteMAN - - - - 5 WILLIAM CLARK|35 MERIWETHER LEWIS|35 THEcIRCUITRIDER--------67 TRIALsofTHETRAIL--------99 FROM JASON LEE’s MARRIAGE RECORDs - - SOLOMON SMITH AND HIS CLATSOP PRINCESS OREGON CITY IN 1845 MOUNT HOOD SIDNEY WALTER MOSS - ABIGAIL SCOTT DUNIWAY SACAJAWEA, BISMARCK, NORTH DAKOTA SACAJAWEA, was HINGTON PARK, PORTLAND JOAQUIN MILLER MINNIE MYRTLE MILLER SAM. L. SIMPSON FRANCES FULLER VICTOR FREDERIC HOMER BALCH Pioneer Mother, UNIvERSITY of or EGON Pioneer Mother, vancouver, was HINGTON ELLA HIGGINson’s old Home, or EGON CITY RESIDENCE of Eva EMERY DYE, or EGON CITY TUALATIN AcADEMY, FoREST GRove, 1851 - oregon INSTITUTE, saleM, 1842 - - - Til TAYLOR, PENDLETON - - - - - - 131 131 163 163 195 195 227 227 259 259 291 291 323 387 387 419 4.19 483 483