OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Hsiung T'ing-pi

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​HSIUNG T'ing-pi 熊廷弼 (T. 飛百, H. 芝岡), d. Sept. 27, 1625 age 57 (sui), Ming general, was a native of Chiang-hsia, Hupeh. He received the degree of chin-shih in 1598 and began his career as police magistrate at Paoting, Chihli. In 1608 he was sent to Liaotung, where he recommended the establishment of military colonies and stronger border defenses. But his "preparedness program" was ridiculed at Court and in 1611 he was transferred to the civilian post of inspector of education in Nanking, in which position he distinguished himself chiefly by his severity. When Yang Hao [q. v.] was defeated by the Manchus in 1619 the Court, recalling Hsiung's earlier prophecies, sent him as commander with discretionary powers to Liaotung. After the fall of K'ai-yüan and T'ieh-ling on July 26 and September 3 respectively, Hsiung devoted himself to augmenting defenses and improving the morale of the troops in Liaotung. His military prowess and personal courage inspired those under him, but his reckless criticism of the bureaucratic party in Court antagonized those in control. In 1620 he was removed from his post and replaced by Yüan Ying-t'ai [q. v.]. But the loss of the two cities of Shen-yang and Liao-yang in 1621 and the rout of the Chinese troops moved the government to reinstate him, and commission him with the defense of Shanhaikuan. Wang Hua-chên [q. v.] was simultaneously appointed governor of Liaotung, with headquarters at Kuang-ning. The bitter quarrel that ensued between the two officers on matters of policy was an unfortunate aspect of the Chinese situation. Wang proposed hiring large bodies of Mongol mercenaries to retake the lost territory while Hsiung, less optimistic, saw hope only in defensive measures. In March 1622 Wang was disastrously defeated at Kuang-ning, and his troops poured back through Shanhaikuan carrying Hsiung's smaller force with them. Both commanders were arrested and condemned to death for deserting their posts. Hsiung was executed on September 27, 1625 in consequence of the intrigues of his opponent, Fêng Ch'üan [q. v.]. In 1629 the last Ming Emperor permitted a son to bury Hsiung's head, and the posthumous name Hsiang-min 襄愍 was granted. A number of memorials, letters and official papers by Hsiung T'ing-pi, under the title 熊襄愍文集, Hsiung Hsiang-min wên-chi, in 7 chüan, are preserved in the collection, Ch'ien-k'un chêng-ch'i chi (see under Huang Tao-chou), chüan 282–88.
[M1/259/7a; 續表忠記 Hsü piao-chung-chi 2/1a; Giles, B. D. 755; Chiang-hsia-hsien chih (1869) 6/4b; see also the literary supplement to this gazetteer, 上 pp. 58a, 71a, 90a, 下 4b, 41a, 61, 67a, 68a, 73b; 明季北略 Ming-chi pei-lüeh 1/5b, 8b, 2/6a.]
George A. Kennedy
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Hsieh Shêng

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​HSIEH Shêng 謝陞 (T. 伊晉), d. 1645, Ming-Ch'ing official, was a native of Tê-chou, Shantung. His father, Hsieh T'ing-ts'ê 謝廷策 (T. 正甫, a chin-shih of 1589), was a censor under the Ming. Hsieh Shêng became a chin-shih in 1607 and served successively as magistrate in three districts of Chihli (San-ho, Tsun-hua and Hsiung-hsien) and in one of Honan (Hua-hsien). After service as a second class secretary of the Board of Ceremonies, during the T'ien-ch'i reign period he was transferred to the Board of Civil Office and made director of a Department. Following several promotions, including a transfer to Nanking, he was in 1640 made president of the Board of Civil Office and Grand Secretary with titles of Junior Tutor, and Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent. After the taking of Chin-chou and neighboring cities outside the Great Wall by the Manchus in 1642 he was discredited along with officials in the Board of War, and retired. ​But soon after the establishment of the new dynasty in 1644 he asked for reinstatement. He was appointed a Grand Secretary and was placed concurrently in charge of the Board of Civil Office. Early in the following year he was taken ill, and despite the proffered services of the imperial physician, died the next month. He was given posthumously the title of Grand Tutor and the name Ch'ing-i 清義.
[1/244/7b; 2/79/2b; Tê-chou chih (1788) 9/14a.]
Dean R. Wickes
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Hsien (顯) Huang-ti

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​HSIEN (顯) Huang-ti. Posthumous name of I-chu [q. v.].
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Hsing-tê

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​HSING-tê. See under Singde.
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Hsü Ch'iu

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​HSÜ Ch'iu 徐釚 (T. 電發, H. 虹亭, 拙存, 楓江漁父), 1636–1708, poet, landscape painter and man of letters, was a native of Wu-chiang, Kiangsu. In 1679 he was summoned to Peking to take the special examination known as po-hsüeh hung-tz'ŭ (see under P'êng Sun-yü). One of the successful competitors, he was made a corrector in the Hanlin Academy and a compiler of the official Ming history. Appointed in 1687 to a post outside of the capital, he resigned and returned to his home, later declining reappointment to his former position. He travelled extensively in China, visiting Kwangtung and Kwangsi three times. He is known for his critique of tz'ŭ, a type of poetry in irregular metre. One work on this subject, written in 12 chüan between the years 1673 and 1678, entitled 詞苑叢談 Tz'ŭ-yüan ts'ung-t'an, was printed in 1688 and reproduced in the Hai-shan hsien-kuan ts'ung-shu (see under P'an Chên-ch'êng). The 本事詩 Pên-shih shih, in 12 chüan, an anthology of poems of sentiment selected for their historical content from authors of the Ming and early Ch'ing periods, was completed by 1673 and printed in 1704. It was placed among the list of partially banned books in the Ch'ien-lung period. His collected poems and essays were printed in 1695 under the title 南洲草堂集 Nan-chou ts'ao-t'ang chi, in 50 chüan, with 6 chüan of supplements. A work of his containing criticisms and anecdotes of contemporary writers of tz'ŭ, entitled Nan-chou ts'ao-t'ang tz'ŭ-hua (詞話), in 3 chüan, is reprinted in the Hsüeh-hai lei-pien (see under Ts'ao Jung).
[1/489/16b; 2/71/9b; 3/119/1a; 7/38/2b; 20/1/00; Wu-chiang hsien chih (1747) 32/21a, 32b; Soochow-fu chih (1748) 65/34a; L.T.C.L.H.M., p. 226b, which attributes one scroll and two albums of landscapes to Hsü; Yeh Tê-hui (see under Chu I-tsun), Kuan-ku-t'ang ts'ang shu-mu (1916) 4/35.]
Dean R. Wickes
# Esperanto (The Universal Language)

the standard series
* ESPERANTO
* [the universal language]
* THE STUDENT'S
* COMPLETE TEXT BOOK
* Containing Full Grammar, Exercises,
* Conversations, Commercial Letters,
* and Two Vocabularies
* compiled by
* J. C. O'CONNOR, B.A.
* EDITION OF 1907, REVISED
* New YorkChicagoToronto
* FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY
* London and Edinburgh
Copyright, 1903, by FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY Entered at Stationers' Hall All Rights Reserved
New York: 158 Fifth Avenue Chicago: 63 Washington Street Toronto: 27 Richmond Street, W London: 21 Paternoster Square Edinburgh: 30 St. Mary Street
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Eskridge v. Washington State Board Prison Terms Paroles

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
357 U.S. 214
Eskridge v. Washington State Board Prison Terms Paroles
Argued: May 19, 1958. --- Decided: June 16, 1958
Mr. Robert W. Graham, Seattle, Wash., for the petitioner.
Mr. John J. O'Connell, Olympia, Wash., for the respondent.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Esperanto (The Universal Language)/Preface to the Revised Edition

Preface to the Revised Edition
This revised edition of my Grammar of the Auxiliary International Language, "Esperanto"—the first published for English readers—has had the great advantage of the personal supervision and official approval of the founder, Dr. Zamenhof.
That it has been prepared to supply a want is not a mere façon de parler. Prior to the appearance of the first edition hundreds of inquirers, from most widely separated sections at home and abroad had written urgently requesting a grammar suitable for English students. These inquirers, for the most part, came to know of the existence of "Esperanto" through the medium of pamphlets, leaflets, letters in the public Press, etc., which could give, of necessity, only the merest idea and outline of the language.
In compiling a book to meet this demand my chief desire and aim has been to prepare a Grammar, which, while being complete in all its parts and containing everything that is necessary for a sound knowledge of the language, should be brief, clear, full, but not redundant.
To the following gentlemen I return my best thanks for their exceeding great kindness and cordial co-operation:—Monsieur L. de Beaufront, President of the Committee of Direction (for ​Esperanto) in France, who has written the "Conversations," etc., in Section II.; The Honourable R. H. Geoghegan, to whom, in great measure, I am indebted for the chapter on the Participle; Mr. Joseph Rhodes, F.J.S., President of the Esperanto Society, Keighley, Yorks (the first society established for the study of the language in England), who, despite his many literary duties, has given me valuable assistance in revising this new edition; to Monsieur P. Ahlberg, President of the Esperanto Society, Stockholm, to whom I am indebted for the greater number of the Commercial letters in Section III.; and to Mr. Charles Hayes, Wandsworth, who also has given me valuable assistance in preparing this Grammar for publication.
J.C. O'Connor, M.A.
17, St. Stephen's Square, Bayswater, W.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# England's treasure by forraign trade/Chapter 11

Chap. XI
It will not increase our treasure to enjoyn the Merchant that exporteth Fish, Corn, or Munition, to return all or part of the value in Money.
Victuals and Munitions for war are so pretious in a Commonwealth, that either it seemeth necesary to restrain the exportation altogether, or (if the plenty permits it) to require the return thereof in so much treasure; which appeareth to be reasonable and without difficulty, because Spain and other Countries do willingly part with their money for such wares, although in other occasions of trade they straightly prohibit the exportation thereof: all which I grant to be true, yet notwithstanding we must consider that all the ways and means which (in course of trade) force treasure into the Kingdom, do not therefore make it ours: for this can be done onely by a lawful gain, and this gain is no way to be accomplished but by the overballance of our trade, and this overballance is made less by restrictions:Some restrictions hinder Trade. therefore such restrictions do hinder the increase of our treasure. The Argument is plain, and needs no other reasons to strengthen it, except any man be so vain to think that restrictions ​would not cause the less wares to be exported. But if this likewise should be granted, yet to enjoyn the Merchant to bring in money for Victuals and Munition carried out, will not cause us to have one peny the more in the Kingdom at the years end; for whatsoever is forced in one way must out again another way: because onely so much will remain and abide withus as is gained and incorporated into the estate of the Kingdom by the overballance of the trade.
This may be made plain by an example taken from an Englishman, who had occasion to buy and consume the wares of divers strangers for the value of six hundred pounds, and having wares of his own for the value of one thousand pounds, he sold them to the said strangers, and presently forced all the mony from them into his own power; yet upon cleering of the reckoning between them there remained onely four hundred pounds to the said Englishman for overballance of the wares bought and sold; so the rest which he had received was returned back from whence he forced it. And this shall suffice to shew that whatsoever courses we take to force money into the Kingdom, yet so much onely will remain with us as we shall gain by the ballance of our trade.
# England's treasure by forraign trade/Chapter 13

Chap. XIII
The Merchant who is a mere Exchanger of money by Bills cannot increase or decrease out treasure.
There are certain Merchants which deal onely upon all advantages in th' Exchange, and neither export nor import wares into the Kingdom, which hath caused some men to affirm, that the money which such mere Exchangers bring in or carry out of the Realm is not comprehended in the ballance of our forraign trade; for (say they) sometimes when our sterling mony hath been undervalued and delivered here for Amsterdam at ten. per cent less than the equal value of the respective Standards, the said mere Exchanger may take here one thousand pounds sterling. & carry over onely nine hundred thereof in specie, which will be sufficient to pay his Bill of Exchange. And so upon a greater or a lesser summe the like gain is made in three months time.
But here we must know, that although this more Exchanger deal not in wares, yet notwithstanding the money which he carrieth away in manner afore-written must necessarily proceed of such wares as are brought into the Kingdom ​by Merchants. So that still it falleth into the ballance of our forraign trade, and worketh the same effect, as if the Merchant himself had carried away that money, which he must do if our wares be overballanced, as ever they are when our money is undervalued, which is expressed more at large in the 12. Chapter.
And on the contrary, when the mere Exchanger (by the said advantages) shall bring money into the Kingdom, he doth no more than necessarily must be done by the Merchant himself when our commodities overballance forraign wares. But in these occasions some Merchants had rather lose by delivering their money at an under-value in Exchange, than undertake to hazard all by the Law; which notwithstanding these mere Exchangers will perform for them in hope of gain.
# England's Dead

* England's Dead, in The Literary Gazette, 1822.
* England's Dead, in The Siege of Valencia; The Last Constantine: with Other Poems, 1823.
* England's Dead, in National Lyrics, and Songs for Music, 1834.
# Executive Order 12903

more info.
See the Notes section for a list of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President William J. Clinton Wednesday, March 9, 1994
Federal Register page & date: 59 FR 11473, Friday, March 11, 1994
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States of America, including section 126a(2) of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended (42 U.S.C. 2155(a)(2)), and having determined that, upon the expiration of the period specified in the first proviso to section 126a(2) of such Act and extended for 12-month periods by Executive Orders Nos. 12193, 12295, 12351, 12409, 12463, 12506, 12554, 12587, 12629, 12670, 12706, 12753, 12791, and 12840, failure to continue peaceful nuclear cooperation with the European Atomic Energy Community would be seriously prejudicial to the achievement of United States non-proliferation objectives and would otherwise jeopardize the common defense and security of the United States, and having notified the Congress of this determination, I hereby extend the duration of that period to March 10, 1995. Executive Order No. 12840 shall be superseded on the effective date of this Executive order.

## Notes
### Supersedes

* Executive Order 12840, March 9, 1993

### Superseded by

* Executive Order 12955, March 9, 1995

### See Related

* Executive Order 12193, February 12, 1980;
* Executive Order 12295, February 24, 1981;
* Executive Order 12351, March 9, 1982;
* Executive Order 12409, March 7, 1983;
* Executive Order 12463, February 23, 1984;
* Executive Order 12506, March 4, 1985;
* Executive Order 12554, February 28, 1986;
* Executive Order 12587, March 9, 1987;
* Executive Order 12629, March 9, 1988;
* Executive Order 12670, March 9, 1989;
* Executive Order 12706, March 9, 1990;
* Executive Order 12753, March 8, 1991;
* Executive Order 12791, March 9, 1992;
* Executive Order 12840, March 9, 1993;
* Executive Order 12955, March 9, 1995
* Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 129

more info.
Amends Executive Order 127, March 16, 1900.
Signed by President William McKinley Tuesday, April 17, 1900
1901 CSR 296
Section 4 of Rule X of the Civil Service Rules, as amended March 16, 1900, is hereby further amended by inserting in line 4, after the word "entered," the words "or held;" so that the second clause of the proviso to said section of said rule shall read: "or which he entered or held in accordance with the provisions of these rules at a time when said position was subject to competitive examination, and has since served continuously therein," etc.
Executive Mansion,
    April 17, 1900.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 12904

more info.
See the Notes section for a list of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President William J. Clinton Wednesday, March 16, 1994
Federal Register page & date: 59 FR 13179, Monday, March 21, 1994
Executive Order 12904 of March 16, 1994
Commission for Environmental Cooperation, Commission for Labor Cooperation, Border Environment Cooperation Commission, and North American Development Bank
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 1 of the International Organizations Immunities Act (22 U.S.C. 288), and having found that the United States participates in the Commission for Environmental Cooperation, the Commission for Labor Cooperation, the Border Environment Cooperation Commission, and the North American Development Bank pursuant to the North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act, Public Law 103-182, I hereby designate the Commission for Environmental Cooperation, the Commission for Labor Cooperation, the Border Environment Cooperation Commission, and the North American Development Bank as public international organizations entitled to enjoy the privileges, exemptions, and immunities conferred by the International Organizations Immunities Act. This designation is not intended to abridge in any respect privileges, exemptions, or immunities that such organizations may have acquired or may acquire by international agreements or by congressional action.

## Notes
### See related

* none available
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 12907

more info.
See the Notes section for a list of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President William J. Clinton Thursday, April 14, 1994
Federal Register page & date: 59 FR 18291, Monday, April 18, 1994
Executive Order 12907 of April 14, 1994
Amending Executive Order No. 12882, President's Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, and in order to add three members to the President's Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology, it is hereby ordered that the number ‘‘16’’ in the second sentence of section 1 of Executive Order No. 12882 is deleted and the number ‘‘19’’ is inserted in lieu thereof, and that the number ‘‘15’’ in the second sentence of section 1 of Executive Order No. 12882 is deleted and the number ‘‘18’’ is inserted in lieu thereof.

## Notes
### Amends

* Executive Order 12882, November 23, 1993

### Revoked by

* Executive Order 13226, September 30, 2001
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 1290

more info.
Amends Executive Order 1180, March 23, 1910.
Signed by President William H. Taft Monday, January 30, 1911
1910 CSR 107
Schedule B of classified positions which may be filled upon noncompetitive examination is hereby amended by adding to Subdivision I, Interior Department, a paragraph as follows:
The White House,
    January 30, 1911.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Eugene Aram/Dedication

TO
SIR WALTER SCOTT, BART.
&c. &c.
Sir,
It has long been the high and cherished hope of my ambition to add my humble tribute to the rich and numberless offerings that have been laid upon the shrine of your genius. At each succeeding Book that I have given to the world, I have paused to consider, if it were worth inscribing with your great name, and at each I have played the procrastinator, and hoped for that morrow of better desert which never came. Having now ​arrived at a work which closes the series I contemplated from the first, it is possible that this may be the only opportunity afforded me of expressing that high, that just, that affectionate admiration with which you have inspired me in common with all your cotemporaries, and which a French writer has not ungracefully termed "the happiest prerogative of genius." I seize this occasion, then, not as the best, but lest I should lose the last. As a Poet, and as a Novelist, your fame has attained to that height in which praise has become superfluous; but in the character of the writer, there seems to me a yet higher claim to veneration than in that of the writings. The example your genius sets us, who can emulate?—the example your moderation bequeaths to us, who shall forget? It is a great lesson to all cultivators of letters, to behold one who, in winning renown, has at last conquered envy, and ​who is at once without an equal and without a detractor.
You have left us for a while; but what heart does not, from that very absence, and from its reported cause, follow you to a southern shore, with feelings that make remembrance a duty scarcely less than a delight? What Scotchman can ever forget that you have immortalized his country—or what Englishman that you have bestowed an equal gift upon his language? Whatever the honours that await you abroad, you have left the gratitude, the homage, the very hearts of two mighty Nations to watch over your fame at home.
Yon, I feel assured, will not deem it presumptuous in one, who, to that bright and undying flame which now streams from the grey hills of Scotland,—the last halo with which you have crowned her literary glories,—has turned from ​his first childhood with a deep and unrelaxing devotion; — you, I feel assured, will not deem it presumptuous in him to inscribe an idle work with your illustrious name : — a work which, how- ever worthless in itself, assumes something of value in his eyes when thus rendered a tribute of respect to you.
THE AUTHOR OF "EUGENE ARAM."
London, December 22, 1831.
# Enough Rope/Plea

Plea
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# Enough Rope/Prophetic Soul

Prophetic Soul
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# Enough Rope/Rainy Night

Rainy Night
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# Enough Rope/Résumé

Résumé
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# Enough Rope/Renunciation

Renunciation
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# Enough Rope/Recurrence

Recurrence
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# Enough Rope/Rondeau Redoublé

Rondeau Redoublé (AND SCARCELY WORTH THE TROUBLE, AT THAT)
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# Enough Rope/Roundel

Roundel
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# Enough Rope/Social Note

Social Note
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# Enough Rope/Portrait of the Artist

Portrait of the Artist
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