OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Head, Guy

​HEAD, GUY (d. 1800), painter, was son of a house-painter at Carlisle, learnt drawing under Captain John Bernard Gilpin, and eventually entered as a student at the Royal Academy. His work was noticed by Sir Joshua Reynolds. In 1779 he exhibited a portrait of a gentleman at the Royal Academy, and another in 1780. In the latter year he also sent to the exhibition of the Society of Artists at Spring Gardens a painting of ‘The Fire at London Bridge Waterworks’ and two portraits. In 1781 he sent to the Royal Academy a landscape with the story of ‘Europa,’ and a portrait of Henderson the actor as ‘Richard III.’ With the help of a friend and introductions from Reynolds, Head went to Italy, and resided for some years at Rome. He was a skilful copyist, and his copies of the works of Correggio, Titian, and others were much commended. Some large copies of Rubens's pictures at Antwerp are in the Royal Academy. He also painted, besides portraits, classical subjects of a decorative nature. At the revolutionary outbreak in 1798 he returned to England, with a large collection of drawings, copies, &c., which he intended to exhibit, but died suddenly in London on 16 Dec. 1800. His works were sold by auction in 1805, but his reputation did not survive his death. Two pictures of ‘Echo’ and ‘Iris’ were engraved after him by J. Folo in 1814, and a horse's head by C. Turner.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Seguier's Dict. of Painters; Notes and Queries, 5th ser. xi. 328, 437; Catalogues of the Royal Academy, &c.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Head, George

​HEAD, Sir GEORGE (1782–1855), deputy knight-marshal, elder brother of Sir Francis Bond Head [q. v.], was born at the Hermitage in the parish of Higham, Kent, in 1782, but there is no entry of his baptism in Higham parish register. He was educated at the Charterhouse. In 1808 he became a captain in the West Kent militia, then at Woodbridge, Suffolk, but in the following year joined the British army at Lisbon as a clerk in the commissariat. He served during the remainder of the Peninsular war, following the army to the fields of Vittoria, Nivelle, and Toulouse, and to the actions in the Pyrenees. He was promoted to be deputy-assistant commissary-general in 1811, and assistant commissary-general on 25 Dec. 1814. From May 1813 he was in charge of the commissariat of the 3rd division of the Spanish army under Sir Thomas Picton, concerning whom he has recorded many interesting particulars in the ‘Memoirs of an Assistant Commissary-General.’ Returning to England in August 1814, he was on the following 28 Oct. ordered to proceed to Halifax, Nova Scotia; thence he went to Quebec, and was afterwards employed on Lake Huron. In ten months he came back to England, and after a year's holiday returned to Halifax, where he remained five years on the peace establishment. Subsequently he served in Ireland, and in 1823 was placed on half-pay. In 1829 he published his Canadian reminiscences under the title of ‘Forest Scenery and Incidents in the Wilds of North America.’ At the coronation of William IV he acted as deputy knight-marshal, and for his services on that occasion was knighted on 12 Oct. 1831. At a later period he became deputy knight-marshal to Queen Victoria. He gained considerable repute for two works entitled ‘A Home Tour through the Manufacturing Districts of England in the Summer of 1835,’ and ‘A Home Tour through various parts of the United Kingdom in 1837, with an Appendix, being Memoirs of an Assistant Commissary-General,’ both works being reprinted in one volume in 1840. In 1849 he published in three volumes ‘Rome, a Tour of Many Days,’ and he afterwards translated ‘The Metamorphoses of Apuleius,’ 1851, and ‘Historical Memoirs of Cardinal B. Pacca,’ 1850, in two volumes. To the ‘Quarterly Review’ he was a frequent contributor. He was a popular author, and had much of the graphic power of description possessed by his brother. He died in Cockspur Street, Charing Cross, London, on 2 May 1855, unmarried.
[Gent. Mag. 1855, ii. 97–8; Annual Register, 1855, pp. 271–2; Hardwicke's Annual Biography, 1856, p. 87.]
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Headlam, Thomas Emerson

​HEADLAM, THOMAS EMERSON (1813–1875), judge advocate-general, eldest son of John Headlam, archdeacon of Richmond and rector of Wycliffe, Yorkshire, who was buried there on 9 May 1853, aged 85, by Maria, daughter of the Rev. Thomas W. Morley of Clapham, was born at Wycliffe rectory, and baptised on 25 June 1813. He was educated at Shrewsbury school and at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he became sixteenth wrangler and B.A. 1836, and M.A. 1839. He was called to the bar at the Inner Temple on 3 May 1839, and practised as an equity draughtsman and conveyancer, going the northern circuit and attending the North Riding sessions. After a contest he was elected a member of parliament in the liberal interest for Newcastle-upon-Tyne on 30 July 1847, and sat for that town until the dissolution in 1874. During his political career he carried through the House of Commons the Trustee Act, 5 Aug. 1850. In 1851 he was appointed a Q.C., in the same year a bencher of his inn, in 1866 reader, and in 1867 treasurer. He was a magistrate and deputy-lieutenant for the North Riding of Yorkshire and for Northumberland, and in 1854 became chancellor of the dioceses of Ripon and of Durham. He was judge advocate-general from June 1859 till July 1866, and on 18 June in the former year was gazetted a privy councillor. After his retirement from parliamentary life his health gradually failed, and on his way to winter in a southerly climate, he died at Calais on 3 Dec. 1875. He married at Richmond, Yorkshire, on 1 Aug. 1854, Ellen Percival, eldest daughter of Thomas Van Straubenzee, major in the royal artillery.
Headlam was the author or editor of: 1. ‘The Practice of the High Court of Chancery, by E. R. Daniell,’ 2nd edition with additions, 1845; 3rd edition, 1857. 2. ‘A Speech on Limited Liability in Joint-Stock Banks,’ 1849. 3. ‘The Trustee Act, 13 and 14 Vict. c. 60,’ 1850; 2nd edition, 1852; 3rd edition, 1855. 4. ‘Pleadings and Practice of the High Court of Chancery, by E. R. Daniell,’ 2nd edition, 1851. 5. ‘A Supplement to Daniell's Chancery Practice,’ 1851. 6. ‘The New Chancery Acts, 15 and 16 Vict. c. 80, 86, and 87,’ 1853.
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hazlehurst, Thomas

​HAZLEHURST, THOMAS (fl. 1760–1818), miniature-painter, was a pupil of Sir Joshua Reynolds. He practised his art in Liverpool from 1760 to 1818. His work is highly finished and of great excellence. ‘Scribbleriana, by Thomas Hazlehurst, Miniature Painter, with a number of clever sketches interspersed,’ figured in the catalogue (No. 153) of the collection of Mr. Joseph Meyer, sold in Liverpool, 15 Dec. 1887.
[Meyer's Early Art in Liverpool; Bryan's Dict. of Painters (Graves), i. 635.]
A. N.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Montagu, John (1655?-1728)

​MONTAGU, JOHN (1655?–1728), divine, fourth son of Edward Montagu, first earl of Sandwich [q. v.], was admitted a fellow-commoner at Trinity College, Cambridge, on 12 April 1672, and was elected fellow in 1674. He proceeded M.A. jure natalium, 1673, and D.D. (by royal mandate) on 27 Sept. 1686. In 1680 he was made master of Sherburn Hospital, Durham, by his relative, Bishop Crewe, and in 1683 he became prebendary of Durham Cathedral. In the same year (12 May) he was made master of Trinity College, Cambridge, by the crown. In 1687-8 he was vice-chancellor. In 1699 he resigned the mastership on being made dean of Durham. Montagu was admitted a member of the Gentlemen's Society at Spalding on 22 Aug. 1723. He died unmarried, at his house in Bedford Row, Holborn, London, on 23 Feb. 1728, aged 73, and was interred at Barnwell, Northamptonshire, the burying-place of his family (Nichols, Lit. Anecd. vi. 99).
Trinity College is said to have declined in numbers or reputation during Montagu's mastership, on account of the relaxation of discipline which his easy temper encouraged. He was a liberal benefactor to the college, subscribing 228l. towards the cost of the new library, and allowing 170l., due to him as master when he resigned, to be expended in purchasing furniture for the master's lodge. This sum had been claimed by his successor, Dr. Bentley, and the above compromise was not effected till 1702, when the thanks of the society were given to Montagu, and his name inscribed in the register of benefactors by the master. In 1720, when Bentley was projecting an edition of the New Testament, Montagu lent him some manuscripts from the Chapter Library at Durham.
[Collins's Peerage, iii. 464; Surtees's Durham, i. 142; Hutchinson's Durham, ii. 169, 185, 213; Le Neve, iii. 300; Monk's Bentley, i. 143, 147, ii. 120; Alumni Westmon. p. 28.]
J. W. C-k.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Morley, Christopher Love

​MORLEY, CHRISTOPHER LOVE (fl. 1700), physician, was born in or about 1646, and from his name may probably have been related to Christopher Love [q. v.] the presbyterian. He was entered as a medical student at Leyden 18 Feb. 1676 (English Students at Leyden, Index Society, 1883), being then thirty years of age (Munk), and graduated M.D. in 1679. According to a short account of Morley in the preface to his 'Collectanea Chymica,' he had travelled widely, and apparently practised medicine before coming to Holland. At Leyden he attended the medical practice of Schacht and Drelincourt, with the anatomical lectures of the latter, and also studied chemistry with Maëts and others. Morley was accustomed to take copious notes of lectures, cases, &c., ​ which ultimately extended, it is said, to more than forty quarto volumes. Of these a few have survived, and are now in the British Museum (Sloane MSS., Nos. 1259, 1272, 1273, 1289). They are dated 1677 to 1679, and not only show Morley's diligence as a student, but give an interesting picture of the state of medical education in Leyden at the time. On his return to England he published a little volume on an epidemic fever then prevalent in England, Holland, and else where, which he dedicated to the College of Physicians ('De Morbo Epidemico,' 1678-9, &c., London, 1680, 12mo). It contains an account of his personal experience of the disease, and a letter from Professor Schacht of Leyden on the same subject, besides remarks on the state of medical practice in England and Holland. This probably led to his election as an honorary fellow of the College of Physicians 30 Sept. 1680 (since, not being an English graduate, he was not eligible to become an ordinary fellow). He did not immediately settle down, for in 1683 we find him going on a voyage to the Indies, but in 1684 he was practising in London.
In the new charter granted to the college in 1686 by James II Morley was named as an actual fellow, and was admitted in the following year. This fact shows that he was a partisan of James II, and probably a Roman catholic, so that he found a difficulty in taking the oaths required by the government after the revolution, and finally, in 1700, his name was on that ground withdrawn, at his own request, from the college list. His subsequent career cannot be traced.
Morley was evidently a man of remarkably wide knowledge in medicine and other sciences, but he did nothing in later life to justify his early promise. Beside the work mentioned above he published 'Collectanea Chemica Leydensia' (Leyden, 1684, 4to), which is evidently extracted from the notebooks above referred to. It consists of a large number of chemical and pharmaceutical receipts taken from the lectures of three professors of chemistry at Leyden Mae'ts, Marggraff, and Le Mort. It was translated into German (Jena, 1696), and appeared in a second Latin edition (Antwerp, 1702, 12mo).
[Morley's works; Munk's Coll. of Phys. 1873 i. 450.]
J. F. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Morland, Henry Robert

​MORLAND, HENRY ROBERT (1730?–1797), portrait-painter, the son of George Henry Morland [q. v.], was born probably about 1730. He was a painter of portraits and domestic subjects in oil and crayons, and between 1760 and 1791 exhibited 118 works at the Society of Artists, the Free Society, and the Royal Academy. He also engraved in mezzotint, cleaned and dealt in pictures, and sold artists' materials, including excellent crayons of his own manufacture. In spite of all these means of livelihood and a good character for he is said to have been respected by all who knew him he was unsuccessful in life, and more than once bankrupt. He painted a portrait of George III, which was engraved by Houston, and a portrait of Garrick as Richard III, which is in the Garrick Club. Lord Mansfield has two carefully finished pictures by him of young ladies one washing, the other ironing which used to pass as portraits of the celebrated Misses Gunning, but more probably were drawn from his own daughters or other models. He was an artist of some merit but of no conspicuous ability, and after an unsettled life, marked by frequent changes of residence, died in Stephen Street, Rathbone Place, 30 Nov. 1797. His age, at his death, has been stated as eighty-five, but this must be an exaggeration if his father was born in the eighteenth century. He was the father of George Morland [q. v.] Maria Morland, his wife, was also an artist, and exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1785 and 1786, one work in each year.
[Redgrave's Dict.; Bryan's Dict. (Graves and Armstrong); Algernon Graves's Dict.; Cunningham's Lives of Painters (ed. Heaton, article ‘George Morland’). Some account of him will also be found in the Lives of his son quoted at end of article on George Morland.]
C. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Morison, John (1791-1859)

​MORISON, JOHN, D.D. (1791–1859), congregationalist minister, born at Millseat of Craigston, in the parish of King Edward, Aberdeenshire, on 8 July 1791, was apprenticed to a watchmaker at Banff, but, resolving to devote himself to the ministry, he became a student at Hoxton Academy in 1811. He was ordained 17 Feb. 1815, and became pastor of a congregation at Union Chapel, Sloane Street, Chelsea. In 1816 a larger place of worship was provided for him in the same parish. At the close of that year Trevor Chapel was opened, where he continued to labour for more than forty years. From about 1827 till 1857 he was editor of the 'Evangelical Magazine.' The university of Glasgow conferred upon him the degree of D.D. in 1830, and at a later period he received from an American university the honorary degree of LL.D. He died in London on 13 June 1859, and was buried in Abney Park cemetery.
He married in 1815 Elizabeth, second daughter of James Murray of Banff, and had several children. His portrait has been engraved by Cochran.
In addition to numerous minor works and discourses, he wrote: 1. 'Lectures on the principal Obligations of Life, or a Practical Exposition of Domestic, Ecclesiastical, Patriotic, and Mercantile Duties,' London, 1822, 8vo. 2. 'Counsels to a Newly-wedded Pair, or Friendly Suggestions to Husbands and Wives,' London, 1830, 16mo. 3. 'An Exposition of the Book of Psalms, Explanatory, Critical, and Devotional,' 3 vols. London, 1832, 8vo. 4. 'A Tribute of Filial Sympathy ... or Memories of John Morison of Millseat, Aberdeenshire,' London, 1833, 12mo. 6. 'Morning Meditations for every Day in the Year,' London [1835], 16mo. 6. 'Family Prayers for every Morning and Evening throughout the Year,' 2nd edit., London [1837], 4to. 7. 'A Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles, in the Catechetical Form,' London, 1839, 12mo. 8. 'The Founders and Fathers of the London Missionary Society, with a brief Sketch of Methodism and Historical Notices of several Protestant Missions from 1556 to 1839,' 2 vols. London [1840], 8vo; new edition, with twenty-one portraits, London [1844],8vo. 9. 'The Protestant Reformation in all Countries, including Sketches of the State and Prospects of the Reformed Churches,' London, 1843, 8vo.
[Memoirs by the Eev. John Kennedy, 1860; Evangelical Mag. September 1859 (by the Rev. A. Tidman); Smith's Cat. of Engraved Portraits, 1883; Funeral Sermon by the Rev. William Mann Statham, 1859; Congregational Year-Book, 1860, p. 200; Darlings Cycl. Bibl. ii. 2109.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Morland, George Henry

​MORLAND, GEORGE HENRY (d. 1789?), genre painter, was born early in the eighteenth century. His art at one time was popular, and some of his works, as ' The Pretty Ballad Singer,' 'The Fair Nun Unmasked,' were engraved by "Watson, and 'The Oyster Woman' by Philip Dawe. The last of these pictures is now in the Glasgow Gallery. In 1760 he was assisted by a grant from the Incorporated Society of Artists. He lived on the south side of St. James's Square, and died in 1789 or after. His son, Henry Robert Morland [q. v.], was father of George Morland [q. v.]
[Redgrave's Dict.; Bryan's Dict. (Graves and Armstrong).]
C. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jacobsen, Theodore

​JACOBSEN, THEODORE (d. 1772), architect, was a merchant in Basinghall Street, London. His family was residing near the Steelyard at the time of the fire of London. Jacobsen designed the Foundling Hospital; the plan was approved in 1742, and was carried out under John Horne as surveyor. He became a governor of the hospital, and there is a portrait of him still there by Thomas Hudson. Jacobsen also designed the Haslar Royal Hospital for Sick Soldiers at Gosport (see Gent. Mag. 1751, xxi. 408, for an engraving of this hospital). He was a fellow of the Royal Society, the Society of Antiquaries, and the Society of Arts. He died on 25 May 1772, and was buried in All Hallows Church, Thames Street, London.
[Dict. of Architecture; Redgrave's Dict. of Artists.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jacob, Joshua

​JACOB, JOSHUA (1805?–1877), leader of the ‘White Quakers,’ born at Clonmel, co. Tipperary, about 1805, prospered as a grocer in Dublin. A birthright member of the Society of Friends, he was disowned by that body in 1838. He then formed a society of his own, which gained adherents at Dublin, Clonmel, Waterford, and Mountmellick, Queen's County. His principal coadjutor was Abigail, daughter of William Beale of Irishtown, near Mountmellick. The society held a yearly meeting of Friends, commonly called ‘White Quakers,’ in Dublin, on 1 May 1843. Its nickname was suggested by the practice of wearing undyed garments, a costume previously adopted, in 1762, by John Woolman (1720–1772) [q. v.] Jacob protested also against the use of newspapers, bells, clocks, and watches. Funds employed by him in his religious experiment were said to be derived from the property of some orphans, whose guardian he was. A chancery suit to recover the funds went against him, and he was imprisoned for two years for contempt of court. From his prison he issued anathemas against the chancellor (Sugden) and Master Litton. About 1849 he established a community at Newlands, Clondalkin, co. Dublin, formerly the residence of Arthur Wolfe, viscount Kilwarden [q. v.] The members of this establishment ​lived in common, abstaining from flesh-food, and making bruised corn the staple of their diet, flour being rejected. On the breaking up of the Newlands community, Jacob went into business again at Celbridge, co. Kildare. He had lived apart from his wife, who did not share his peculiar views. On her death he married a person in humble life who was a Roman catholic, and at Celbridge Jacob brought up a numerous family in that faith. He died in Wales on 15 Feb. 1877, and was buried at Glasnevin cemetery, Dublin, in a plot of ground purchased long previously in conjunction with Abigail Beale, on which an obelisk had been erected.
A list of his printed writings, undated (except the last), but all (except the first) issued in 1843, is given in Smith's ‘Catalogue,’ along with other publications emanating from the society:
* ‘On the 18th of the 3rd month, 1842 … the word of the Lord came,’ &c., fol.
* ‘The Beast, False Prophet,’ &c., fol.
* ‘To the Police of Dublin,’ &c., 8vo.
* ‘Newspapers, Mountebanks,’ &c., fol.
* ‘To those calling themselves Roman Catholics,’ &c., fol.
* ‘The Sandy Foundation,’ &c., fol.
* ‘Some Account of the Progress of the Truth,’ &c., Mountmellick, 1843, 8vo, 3 vols. issued in parts.
Other tracts, later than the above, are known to have been printed; but they were not published, and their circulation was wholly restricted to adherents.
[Smith's Catalogue of Friends' Books, 1867, ii. 4; Webb's Compendium of Irish Biography, 1878, p. 260; private information.]
A. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jacob, Robert

​JACOB, ROBERT, M.D. (d. 1588), physician, eldest son of Giles Jacob of London, was entered at Merchant Taylors' School on 21 Jan. 1563–4 (Register, ed. Robinson, i. 4). He matriculated as a sizar of Trinity College, Cambridge, on 12 Nov. 1565, proceeded B.A. in 1569–70, was elected a fellow, and in 1573 commenced M.A. He graduated M.D. at Basle, and was incorporated at Cambridge on 15 May 1579. He became physician to Queen Elizabeth, who in 1581 sent him, at the Czar Ivan's request, to the Russian court, where he attended the czarina, and acquired a reputation which still survives. Jacob recommended Lady Mary Hastings to the czar for his seventh wife. Happily for the lady the czar died before the conclusion of the negotiations, which were opened in 1583 with the sanction of Elizabeth. Jacob returned to England with Sir Jerome Bowes [q. v.], the English envoy in Russia, about March 1584. The Russian company charged him with trading on his own account. On 21 May 1583 he was admitted a licentiate of the College of Physicians in London, a candidate on 12 Nov. 1585, and a fellow on 15 March 1586. In the latter year he went out to Russia a second time. He died abroad, unmarried, in 1588 (Probate Act Book, P. C. C., June 1588).
[Hamel's England and Russia; Russia at the close of the Sixteenth Century, ed. Bond (Hakl. Soc.), pp. 292–3; Cooper's Athenæ Cantabr. ii. 76; Munk's Coll. of Phys. 1878, i. 88–9; British and Foreign Medico-Chirurgical Review, October 1862, p. 291; will registered in P. C. C. 42, Rutland.]
G. G.