OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jones, Owen (1806-1889)

​JONES, OWEN (1806–1889), miscellaneous Welsh writer, also known as Meudwy Môn, born on 15 July 1806, was the son of John and Ellen Thomas of Y Gaerwen Bach, in the parish of Llanfihangel Ysgeifiog, Anglesea. He spent a few years as a farm-servant, but having received a good elementary education, turned schoolmaster, and became local agent of the Bible Society. About 1827 he was appointed a lay preacher among the methodists, was ordained in 1842, and was pastor successively at Llangoed (Anglesea), Mold (1833), Manchester (1844), and Llandudno (1866). He died at Llandudno on 10 Oct. 1889. While at Anglesea he married Ellen, only daughter of Richard Rowlands of Bryn Mawr in the same place.
Jones led an exceptionally active life, and it is said that he preached twelve thousand times, and left behind him six thousand sermons in manuscript; he delivered about one thousand addresses on behalf of the Bible Society, and eight thousand temperance lectures. Besides a large number of articles contributed to Welsh periodicals, he was either the author, translator, or editor of over forty works in Welsh, being from 1867 Welsh editor for Messrs. Blackie of Glasgow. His numerous writings show greater versatility than originality. In 1833 he superintended the publication, at Mold, of James Hughes's Welsh commentary, and in January 1834 he also became editor of a monthly review known at first as ‘Y Cynniweirydd’ (Mold), but, in January 1835, this periodical was converted into a weekly newspaper entitled ‘Y Newyddiadur Hanesyddol,’ and has been subsequently known as ‘Cronicl yr Oes.’ Soon after he started two short-lived temperance magazines, called ‘Y Cymedrolydd’ (Denbigh), and ‘Y Cerbyd Dirwestol’ (Mold) respectively. He wrote an ‘Essay on Infant Baptism,’ edited a Welsh translation of Bunyan's ‘Works,’ with notes, Glasgow, 1870, 8vo, and was the author of a commentary on the Bible in three volumes (1842, 12mo), which raised the standard of biblical exegesis in Wales.
His best-known works are the following: 1. ‘Pymtheg o Ddarlithiau ar Hanes y Cymry’ (‘Fifteen Lectures on Welsh History’), Pwllheli, 1850–3, 8vo. 2. ‘Mynegair Ysgrythyrol’ (a concordance of the Welsh Bible), Denbigh, 1860, 8vo. 3. ‘Cymru, yn hanesyddol, parthedigol a bywgraffyddol,’ 2 vols., Glasgow, 1875, 8vo, being an historical, topographical, and biographical dictionary of Wales, his most important work, in which he was assisted by the Rev. G. Parry (Gwalchmai). 4. ‘Ceinion Llenyddiaeth Gymreig’ (‘Selections from Welsh Literature’), 2 vols., Glasgow, 1876, 8vo.
[Y Geninen, viii. 243–8; Ceninen Gwyl Dewi, 1890, pp. 33–43; Byegones for 16 Oct. 1889.]
D. Ll. T.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jones, Rhys

​JONES, RHYS (1713–1801), Welsh poet and compiler, born in 1713, son and heir of John Jones of Blaenau, Llanfachraeth, Merionethshire, was educated at Dolgelley and Shrewsbury, and on leaving school settled as a country gentleman on his own freehold for the remainder of his long life. He wrote poetry, and was described as the greatest living poet in 1770. He is best remembered as a compiler of Welsh poetry; he was on terms of intimacy with the most eminent Welsh poets of his time. He died 14 Feb. 1801 in his eighty-eighth year, and was buried at Llanfachraeth.
He published:
* ‘Flangell i'r Methodistiaid’ (a Whip for the Methodists), which displays very narrow religious sympathies.
* ‘Pigiadau dewisol o waith y Prydyddion o'r amrywiol oesoedd,’ 1770 (Rowlands).
* ‘Gorchestion Beirdd Cymru, neu Flodau Godidowgrwydd Awen,’ a valuable selection of Welsh poetry of different ages, Shrewsbury, 1773; revised by Robert Ellis (Cynddelw) [q. v.], Carnarvon, 1861.
* A selection of his poems was published by his grandson, Rice Jones Owen, in 1818.
[Williams's Eminent Welshmen; Foulkes's Geiriadur Bywgraffiadol; Jones's Geiriadur Bywgraffyddol; Cymru, August 1891, p. 37.]
R. J. J.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jones, Lloyd

​JONES, LLOYD (1811–1886), advocate of co-operation, was born at Bandon, co. Cork, in 1811. He came to Manchester in 1827, where he followed his father's trade of fustian-cutting. It was then a comparatively well-paid trade, exercised by independent workmen in their own houses. When there was some expectation of another Peterloo massacre, Lloyd Jones, like many thousands of others in the north, provided himself with arms, with a view to active resistance. He joined a co-operative society in Salford in 1829, and subsequently became the chief platform advocate of Owen's plan of village communities. For many years these views were vigorously opposed by the clergy, who regarded Owen's theories as immoral. Jones had a good presence and a fine voice, with readiness and courage in controversy, He was the best, public debater of his day, and was in more discussions than any other of Owen's supporters. When the chartist proposal of a month's holiday was put forward in 1839, with a view to showing practically the importance of the labouring classes, Jones was appointed to address the chartists of the Manchester district, with whom the strength of the movement rested. An audience of five thousand men assembled in the Carpenters' Hall, and five thousand were at the doors. After Jones's speech the project was abandoned. No sufficient provision had been made, and the dangers were obvious.
From 1837 to his death in 1886 Jones was officially connected with the co-operative movement, and had a chief part in its organisation and development. He largely contributed to political and co-operative journalism. He edited periodicals in Leeds and London, and wrote many pamphlets. Jointly with Mr. J. M. Ludlow, he wrote the 'Progress of the Working Classes' (1867). His 'Life, Times, and Labours of Robert Owen,' was published by his son in 1889. He was president of the Oldham Congress, 1885, the seventeenth annual meeting of the co-operative society. He was frequently appointed arbitrator in trades union disputes.
[New Moral World, 1834-45; Co-operative News, 1871, 1890; The Pioneers of Rochdale and Hist. of Co-operation in England, by G. J. Holyoake]
G. J. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Philip de Rim

​PHILIP or PHILIPPE de Rim or de Remi (1246?–1296) was long treated by English authorities as an Anglo-Norman ​poet, to whom were assigned two romances, called respectively ‘La Manekine’ and ‘Jehan de Dammartin et Blonde d'Oxford.’ Both show a close knowledge of Scottish and English life and topography in the thirteenth century, and were first published by English societies—the former by the Bannatyne Club in 1840 (ed. Francisque Michel), and the latter by the Camden Society (1858, ed. Le Roux de Lincy). The unique manuscript of these poems, however, which is in the National Library at Paris (7609$^2$ Fonds Français), includes besides them several poems of Philippe de Beaumanoir (1246?-1296), a well-known jurist and poet, who compiled the ‘Coutumes de Beauvaisis.’ There is little doubt that Philippe de Remi and Philippe de Beaumanoir were identical; the latter, a younger son, held land at Remi, near Compiègne, was long known as Philippe de Remi, and became Sire de Beaumanoir by the death of his elder brother Girard. Moreover, the poems attributed to Philippe de Remi show an intimate acquaintance on the part of their author with Beauvaisis and adjoining country (Bordier, Athenæum Français, 1853, p. 932). The poems prove that Philippe had visited England, possibly in the suite of Simon de Montfort. Simon's family held land in Clermont and at Remi itself; and in June 1282 Amaury de Montfort, Simon's son, granted Philippe some lands in fee, ‘pour l'amour de li et pour son bon serviche’ (see ‘Pièces justificatives’ to Bordier's Philippe de Beaumanoir, No. xiv, pt. i. p. 108). From 11 May 1279 to 7 May 1282 Philippe was bailiff of Robert, count of Clermont, sixth son of St. Louis; from November 1284 to 1288 seneschal of Poitou; in 1288 seneschal of Saintonge; in 1289 and 1290 bailiff of Vermandois; in the course of 1292 seneschal of Saintonge, bailiff of Senlis, and bailiff of Touraine; and again bailiff of Senlis from March 1293 till his death in the beginning of 1296. The ‘Coutumes de Beauvaisis’ was begun while he was bailiff of the county of Clermont, and finished in 1283. ‘Le Roman de la Manekine’ and ‘Le Roman de Jehan de Dammartin et Blonde d'Oxford’ were probably composed by him between 1264 and 1279.
[The chief authority is the biography of Philip of Beaumanoir, by M. H. L. Bordier, in Philippe de Remi Sire de Beaumanoir, Jurisconsulte et Poëte National du Beauvaisis, Paris, 1869-73, in two parts, pp. 1-422; the second part contains his complete poetical works. The identification of Philippe de Remi with Philippe de Beaumanoir has since been confirmed with new proofs by M. Edouard Schwan in the Romanische Studien herausgegeben von Edward Boehmer, iv. 351. The best edition of the poems of Beaumanoir is that of M. Hermann Suchier (Société des Anciens Textes Français), 2 vols. 8vo, 1884-1885. The Coutumede de Clermont en Beauvaisis has been edited by Thaumas de la Thaumassière (1690) and Count Beugnot (1840).]
W. E. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Philip de Thaun

​PHILIP de Thaun (fl. 1120), Anglo-Norman writer, probably belonged to a Norman family of Thaun or Than, near Caen, but had come to England, perhaps with his uncle Hunfrei de Thaun,
li chapelein Yhan E Seneschal lu rei.
The Abbé de la Rue identified Yhan with Hugh Bigod (d. 1107), but this is linguistically impossible, and Mr. Wright is no doubt correct in taking it to mean the Eudo or Odo Dapifer who died on 29 Feb. 1120 (Dugdale, Monast. Angl. iv. 607). Philip wrote: 1. ‘Li Cumpoz’ or ‘Computus,’ less correctly styled by Wright ‘Li Livre des Creatures.’ This is a treatise on the ecclesiastical calendar in six-syllabled verse, compiled from Bæda, Gerland, and other writers on the ‘Computus,’ for the use of clerks. The probable date of its composition was between 1113 and 1119. There are seven manuscripts, viz., Cotton, Nero A. v., Arundel 230, and Sloane 1580 in the British Museum, MS. C. 3. 3. in the Lincoln Cathedral Library, and three in the Vatican. 2. ‘Li Bestiaire’ or ‘Physiologus,’ which is dedicated to Adelaide of Louvain as queen of Henry I, and must therefore have been written between 1121 and 1135, perhaps in 1125. Like the ‘Computus,’ the ‘Physiologus’ is based on Latin originals, and is for the most part written in six-syllabled verse, though in the latter portion an octosyllabic metre is employed. Manuscripts of Philip's Bestiaire are: Cotton MS. Nero A. v.; Royal Library, Copenhagen, 3466; Merton College, Oxford, 249. The Latin ‘Bestiarius’ in Cotton, Vespasian, G. x. is not Philip's work. Philip is the first Anglo-Norman writer as to whom we have any distinct information, and is, perhaps, the earliest poet in the langue d'oïl whose work has survived. Though his writings, and especially the ‘Computus,’ have little poetical merit, they are of great value for the history of Anglo-Norman literature. Both the ‘Computus’ and the ‘Physiologus’ were edited by Wright in his ‘Popular Treatises on Science during the Middle Ages,’ pp. 20–131, with translations. The ‘Physiologus’ has also been edited by Dr. M. F. Mann, and the ‘Computus’ by Dr. E. Mall.
C. L. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Philip, John (fl.1566)

The ODNB identifies him with a John Phillips.
​PHILIP, JOHN (fl. 1566), author, produced in 1566 three black-letter tracts, chiefly in doggerel verse, describing the curious trial at Chelmsford of three witches, Elizabeth Frauncis, Agnes Waterhouse, and the latter's daughter Joan, a girl of eighteen. Mrs. Waterhouse was burnt to death on 29 July 1566. The colophon of each of Philip's tracts, which appeared in London, gives the name of the printer as William Powell, that of the publisher as William Pickeringe, and the date of issue as 13 Aug. 1566. The first tract bears the title ‘The Examination and Confession [before Dr. Cole and Master Fortescue] of certaine Wytches at Chemsforde in the Countie of Essex’ (26 July 1566), with woodcuts of Sathan, a white-spotted cat given to Elizabeth Frauncis by her grandmother, her instructress in witchcraft; of a toad, into which the cat was afterwards metamorphosed, and of a dog with horns, who was the familiar of Joan Waterhouse (Lambeth and Bridgewater House). A new edition was entered to Thomas Lawe, 15 July 1589. Philip's second tract is called ‘The Second Examination and Confession of Mother Agnes Waterhouse and Jone her Daughter, upon her arainement, with the Questions and Answers of Agnes Browne, the Child on whom the Spirit haunteth at this present, deliberately declared before Justice Southcote and Master Gerard, the Queens Atturney, 26 July 1566’ (Lambeth). The third tract is entitled ‘The End and last Confession of Mother Waterhouse at her Death, 29 July 1566’ (Lambeth).
S. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Milverton, John

​MILVERTON, JOHN (d. 1487), Carmelite, was a native of Milverton, Somerset, and became a Carmelite friar at Bristol. Afterwards he studied at Oxford, where he became prior of the house of his order (Wood, City of Oxford, ii. 440, Oxf. Hist. Soc.), and disputed as doctor of divinity in January or February 1451-2 (Boase, Reg. Univ. Oxon. i. 16, Oxf. Hist. Soc.) He was chosen English provincial of the order in a general chapter at Paris in 1456, and held the office until 1465, but was restored in 1469, and retained the post till 1482 (Harley MS. 3838, f. 39). Milverton wrote against the doctrines of Reginald Pecock [q. v.] When the Carmelites Henry Parker and Thomas Holden were censured by the Bishop of London for preaching the doctrine of evangelical poverty Milverton took up their defence. He was opposed by William Ive or Ivy [q. v.], and in October 1464 was excommunicated and imprisoned by his bishop. Afterwards he was summoned, or went, to Rome, where, his explanations not being satisfactory, he was for three years imprisoned by Paul II in the castle of St. Angelo. Eventually his case was remitted to the consideration of seven cardinals, who acquitted him of heresy. The pope is stated to have then offered to make him a cardinal, an honour which Milverton declined. Previously to his imprisonment Milverton is alleged to have been chosen bishop of St. Davids, but owing to the accusations against him never consecrated; it is, however, to be noticed that the last vacancy was in 1460. In Lambeth MS. 580 ff. 213-7 there is a bull of Paul II as to Milverton's controversy, and a letter ​from some English theologians on the matter, both dated 1464, and a later bull dated 1468, as to the recantation and restitution of John Milverton, who is styled provincial. Milverton died in London 30 Jan. 1486-7, and was buried in Whitefriars; Weever quotes his epitaph (Funerall Monuments, p. 439). Bale (Harley MS. 3838, f. 105) gives another epitaph beginning:
Mylvertonus erat doctrine firmus amator.
Elsewhere (Harley 1819, f. 67b) he quotes some other lines, of which the first two are:
Deditus hic studio totus miranda reliquit
Scripta, nec insignior ipse loquendo fuit,
and states that he was called ‘doctor probatus.’
Milverton wrote: 1. ‘Ad papam Pium II super articulis, examinatione, disputatione, ac tandem revocatione R. Pecock.’ 2. ‘De paupertate Christi.’ 3. ‘Symbolum sue fidei.’ 4. ‘Epistolæ lxiv ad amicos.’ He is also credited with lectures, determinations, sermons, and commentaries on scripture, together with various letters to the cardinals, to whom his case was referred, and to others, besides some other works, the distinct identity of which seems doubtful. None of Milverton's writings appear to have survived. His controversies are alleged to have damaged the position of his order in England, a statement which De Villiers repudiates.
C. L. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Milton, John (fl.1770)

​MILTON, JOHN (fl. 1770), painter, was a descendant of Sir Christopher Milton [q. v.] brother of the poet. He worked in the neighbourhood of London, first at Charlton, and later at Peckham, exhibiting with the Free Society from 1768 to 1774, and with the Society of Artists in 1773 and 1774. Milton chiefly painted sea-pieces, with an occasional landscape, and some animal subjects; he excelled in the representation of dogs. His ‘Strong Gale’ was finely mezzotinted by R. Laurie, and his ‘English Setter’ was engraved by J. Cook and S. Smith as a companion plate to Woollett's ‘Spanish Pointer,’ after Stubbs. He was the father of Thomas Milton, the landscape engraver, who is noticed in a separate article.
[Nagler's Allgemeines Kunstler-Lexicon; Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Graves's Dict. of Artists.]
F. M. O'D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Milton, Lord

​MILTON, Lord. [See Fletcher, Andrew, 1692–1766, lord justice clerk.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Milverley, William

​MILVERLEY, WILLIAM (fl. 1350), schoolman, was an Oxford student, who flourished in the middle of the fourteenth century. In Latin he is called Milverlegus. He wrote: 1. ‘Compendium de quinque universalibus,’ incipit ‘Pro superficiali noticia.’ Of this there are numerous manuscripts at Oxford, Bodley MS. O. C. 2593, New College 289, ff. 58-63, Oriel College 35, ff. 1-4, Magdalen College 162, ff. 1-4, and 47, ff. 34-7, where it is entitled ‘Universalia abbreviata,’ and Corpus Christi College 103, ff. 32-40, from which it appears that it is a commentary on the work of Porphyrius. 2. ‘Commentarii in sex principia Gilberti Porretani,’ MS. Oriel College 35, ff. 134-152, Magdalen College 47, ff. 67-86, and Lambeth 393, ff. 143b-184. 3. ‘Sophismata. De incipere, differre et scire.’ In MS. New College 289 we have ‘Materia bona et utilis de inceptione secundum Mag. W. Mylverlye’ on f. 71, ‘Materia … de Differt’ on f. 81, and ‘Materia … de scientia’ on f. 90. In Corpus Christi College MS. 116, f. 5, there is ‘Materia de incipit Mirwirley.’ Tanner attributes to Milverley the anonymous tract ‘De qualitate’ in MS. C.C.C. Oxon. 103, which is perhaps more probably assigned to John Chilmark [q. v.]
C. L. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Milton, John (d.1805)

​MILTON, JOHN (d. 1805), medallist, worked from about 1760 to 1802. He was an assistant engraver at the Royal Mint from 1789 to 1798, and was also medallist to the Prince of Wales (George IV). He exhibited at the Royal Academy from 1785 to 1802. At the close of the eighteenth century he executed the dies of the following provincial tokens, all of which are creditable works of their kind: Anglesey penny (Pye, Provincial Copper Coins, pl. 28, 3); Hackney penny, 1795, with a view of Hackney Church, made for Mr. D. A. Rebello, a coin collector (ib. pl. 34, 1); Richardson's lottery tokens, London (Sharp, Chetwynd Coll. p. 68); Ipswich penny (ib. p. 89); Wroxham (Norfolk) 3d. token, 1797 (ib. p. 3). He also made the Isle of Man penny, 1786 (ib. p. 240); the Barbados penny and halfpenny (Pye, pl. 19, 2, 4; Sharp, p. 242), and the set of Scottish patterns, with the head of Prince George (IV), executed for Colonel Fullerton in 1799 (Crowther, Engl. Pattern Coins, p. 46). Milton's medals are not numerous or important. The following may be mentioned: Matthew Prior (bust only), probably an early work (Hawkins,Med. Illustr. ii. 456); Winchester College prize medal (ib. i. 11); John Hunter and George Fordyce (Cochran-Patrick, Catal. of Scott. Med. p. 110, pl. xxi. 3; cp. p. 115, No. 46); medal of university of Glasgow (ib. p. 151).
Milton, who was elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries 24 May 1792, died on 10 Feb. 1805, leaving one son and two daughters. His coins and medals were sold by Leigh & Sotheby 30 May 1805 (cf. Sale Cat.)
His usual signature is J. MILTON. George Valentin Bauert of Altona was his pupil, and ​ made a medal of Walpole in conjunction with him (Hawkins, op. cit. ii. 585-6).
W. W.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Milton, Thomas

​MILTON, THOMAS (1743–1827), engraver, born in 1743, was a son of John Milton (fl. 1770) [q. v.], marine painter. From the character of his plates it seems probable that Milton was a pupil of Woollett, and he is said to have practised for some time in London, but nothing is known of the work of his early life. He was living in Dublin in 1783, in which year appeared the first number of his ‘Views of Seats in Ireland,’ a series of twenty-four plates of singular beauty from drawings by Ashford, Barralet, Wheatley, and others; this work, upon which Milton's reputation entirely rests, was completed in 1793, he having returned to London in 1786. His only other important plate was ‘The Deluge,’ engraved for Macklin's Bible from a picture by De Loutherbourg, now in the South Kensington Museum; but specimens of his work occur in Boydell's, Kearsley's, and Steevens's editions of Shakespeare, and Ottley's ‘Stafford Gallery,’ 1818. In 1801 appeared ‘Views in Egypt, from the original Drawings in the possession of Sir Robert Ainslie, taken during his Embassy to Constantinople by Luigi Mayer, engraved by and under the direction of Thomas Milton,’ a series of coloured aquatints. Milton was a governor of the short-lived Society of Engravers founded in 1803. He died at Bristol on 27 Feb. 1827. W. Bell Scott, in his ‘Autobiographical Notes,’ 1892, observes of Milton: ‘He had a unique power of distinguishing the foliage of trees and the texture of all bodies, especially water, as it never had been done before, and never will be done again.’
F. M. O'D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Milton, William of

​MILTON, WILLIAM of (d. 1261), Franciscan. [See Meliton.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Reid, Richard Tuohill

​REID, RICHARD TUOHILL, LL.D. (d. 1883), jurist, son of Herbert Reid of Killarney, was called to the Irish bar in Trinity term 1853, and soon afterwards proceeded to Bombay, where for more than a quarter of a century he held the Perry professorship of jurisprudence in Elphinstone College, and presided over the government law school. He was also from 1864 editor of the ‘Reports of the High Court.’ He died at Rome on 11 Feb. 1883, bequeathing 25,000l. in trust for the promotion of education in Ireland. Reid was author of ‘Family Rights considered as a Branch of General and Comparative Jurisprudence,’ Bombay, 1856, 16mo.
J. M. R.