OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 58

* related portals: United Nations Security Council Resolutions.
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Adopted by the Security Council at its 360th meeting, on 28 September 1948 [1]
Whereas, having complied with the conditions set out on 11 December 1946 by the General Assembly pursuant to Article 93, paragraph 2, of the Charter of the United Nations, the Swiss Confederation has become a party to the Statute of the International Court of Justice; and whereas it has even, under Article 36 of the Statute, accepted the compulsory jurisdiction of the Court,
Whereas the Assembly will have to hold at its next session elections of members of the Court,
Whereas is consequently behoves the Security Council to make to the Assembly the recommendations provided for in Article 4, paragraph 3, of the Statute of the Court, which concern any State which is a party to the Statute but not a Member of the United Nations,
The Security Council,
Recommends to the General Assembly to determine as follows the conditions under which a State which is a party to the Statute of the Court but not a Member of the United Nations may participate in electing the members of the International Court of Justice:
    1. Such a State shall be on an equal footing with the Members of the United Nations in respect to those provisions of the Statute which regulate the nomination of candidates for election by the General Assembly.
    2. Such a State shall participate, in the General Assembly, in electing the members of the Court in the same manner as the members of the United Nations.
    3. Such a State, when in arrears in the payment of its contribution to the expenses of the Court, shall not participate in electing the members of the Court in the General Assembly if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contribution due from it for the preceding two full years. The General Assembly may, nevertheless, permit such a State to participate in the elections, if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the control of that State (cf. Charter, Article 19).
[1] In the absence of any objection, the President stated that the draft resolution was adopted unanimously.
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Pursuant to UN Administrative Instruction ST/AI/189/Add.9/Rev.2 available in English only, these documents are in the public domain worldwide:
* Official records (proceedings of conferences, verbatim and summary records, …)
* United Nations documents issued with a UN symbol
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# United States Statutes at Large/Volume 1/1st Congress/3rd Session/Chapter 23

Chap. XXIII.—An Act to continue in force for a limited time, an act intituled "An act for the temporary establishment of the Post-Office."
Former act for temporary establishment of post-office continued. 1789, ch. 16.Section 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the act passed the first session of Congress, intituled "An act for the temporary establishment of the post-office," be, and the same is hereby continued in full force until the end of the next session of Congress, and no longer.
Letters on public service to officers of the treasury to be conveyed free of postage.Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That all letters to and from the treasurer, comptroller and auditor of the treasury, and the assistant to the secretary of the treasury, on public service, shall be received and conveyed by the post, free of postage.
Mail to be extended from Albany to Bennington.Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That the postmaster general shall be and he is hereby authorized to extend the carrying the mail from Albany, in the state of New York, to Bennington in the state of Vermont.
Approved, March 3, 1791.
# United States Statutes at Large/Volume 1/1st Congress/3rd Session/Chapter 3

Chap. III.—An Act to continue an act intituled “An act declaring the assent of Congress to certain acts of the States of Maryland, Georgia, and Rhode Island and Providence Plantations,” so far as the same respects the States of Georgia and Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the act passed the last session of Congress, intituled “An act declaring the assent of Congress to certain acts of the states of Maryland, Georgia, and Rhode Island and Providence Plantations,”1792, ch. 10. shall be continued, and is hereby declared to be in full force, so far as the same respects the states of Georgia, and Rhode Island and Providence Plantations,1790, ch. 43. for the farther term of one year, and from thence to the end of the then next session of Congress, and no longer.
Approved, January 10, 1791.
# United States Statutes at Large/Volume 1/1st Congress/3rd Session/Chapter 20

Chap. XX.—An Act in addition to an act intituled “An act for establishing the salaries of the Executive officers of Government, with their assistants and clerks.”
1789, ch. 13. Further annual allowance of $200 to chief clerk to the auditor. 1799, ch. 40.Section 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That from and after the passing of this act, there shall be allowed to the chief clerk of the auditor, the annual sum of two hundred dollars, in addition to the salary allowed to him by the act, intituled “An act establishing the salaries of the executive officers of government, with their assistants and clerks,” to be paid at the treasury of the United States, in quarterly payments, and from like appropriations as may be assigned for the payment of the other salaries mentioned in the above recited act.
Allowance of expenses in removing from New York to Philadelphia, to clerks employed in the several offices:Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That there be allowed to the clerks employed in the several offices attached to the seat of government, in addition to their respective salaries, their reasonable and necessary expenses incurred by the removal of Congress from the city of New York, to the city of Philadelphia.
and of $400 for one year to assistant secretary of the treasury.Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That there be allowed to the assistant secretary of the treasury, in addition to his salary for one year, commencing with the passing of this act, four hundred dollars, to be paid in the same manner as his salary.
Approved, March 3, 1791.
# United States Statutes at Large/Volume 1/1st Congress/3rd Session/Chapter 24

Chap. XXIV.—An Act to continue in force the act therein mentioned, and to make further provision for the payment of Pensions to Invalids, and for the support of lighthouses, buoys, and public piers.
1792, ch. 35. Act for mitigating or remitting forfeitures, &c. continued. 1790, ch. 12.Section 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the act, entitled "An act to provide for mitigating or remitting the forfeitures and penalties accruing under the revenue laws in certain cases therein mentioned," shall be and is hereby continued in force until the end of the next session of Congress, and no longer.
Pensions to invalids for one year to be paid out of the treasury.Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That the yearly pensions which have been allowed by or in pursuance of any act or law of the United States, to persons who were wounded and disabled during the late war, shall for the space of one year from the fourth day of March next, be paid out of the treasury of the United States, under such regulations as the President of the United States may direct.
Expenses from 1st July next of all lighthouses &c. to be defrayed by U. States till July 1792.Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That all expenses which shall accrue from the first day of July next, inclusively, for the necessary support, maintenance and repairs of all lighthouses, beacons, buoys, and public piers, shall continue to be defrayed by the United States, until the first day of July, in the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two, notwithstanding such lighthouses, beacons, buoys, or public piers, with the lands and tenements thereunto belonging, and the jurisdiction of the same, shall not in the mean time be ceded to or vested in the United States, by the state or states respectively, in which the same may be, and that the said time be further allowed to the states respectively, to make such cession:1792, ch. 17. Provided, That nothing in the said act shall be construed to limit or restrain the power of the President of the United States, to grant pardons for offences against the United States.
Approved, March 3, 1791.
# United States Statutes at Large/Volume 1/1st Congress/3rd Session/Chapter 25

Chap. XXV.—An Act supplementary to the act making provision for the reduction of the Public Debt.
Loan in Holland of 3,000,000 florins, at 5 per cent. per annum, 1790, ch. 47.Whereas it hath been made known to Congress that the President of the United States, in consequence of "An act making provision for the reduction of the public debt," hath caused a certain loan to be made in Holland, on account of the United States, to the amount of three millions of florins, bearing an interest of five per centum per annum, and reimbursable in six yearly instalments, commencing in the ​year one thousand eight hundred, and ending in the year one thousand eight hundred and six, or at any time sooner, in whole or in part, at the option of the United States;
whereon the charges are four and a half per cent.And whereas it hath been also stated to Congress, that the charges upon the said loan have amounted to four and a half per centum, whereby a doubt hath arisen, whether the said loan be within the meaning of the said last mentioned act, which limits the rate of interest to five per centum per annum;
And whereas it is expedient that the said doubt be removed;
declared to be within the meaning of the act providing for the reduction of the public debt, and also further loans on the like terms. 1790, ch. 47.Be it enacted and declared by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the loan aforesaid shall be deemed and construed to be within the true intent and meaning of the said act, intituled “An act making provision for the reduction of the public debt,” and that any farther loan, to the extent of the principal sum authorized to be borrowed by the said act, the interest whereof shall be five per centum per annum, and the charges whereof shall not exceed the said rate of four and a half per centum, shall, in like manner, be deemed and construed to be within the true intent and meaning of the said act.
Approved, March 3, 1791.
# United States Statutes at Large/Volume 1/1st Congress/3rd Session/Chapter 21

Chap. XXI.—An Act for making compensation to the Commissioners of Loans, for extraordinary expenses.
Commissioners of loans to be allowed in settlement of accounts for necessary stationary,Section 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the commissioners of loans in the several states shall be allowed in the settlement of their accounts, such sums as shall appear to have been necessarily expended by them in the purchase of stationery for the use of their several offices, from the commencement of the same to the first day of October next.
and for hire of clerks. 1799, ch. 40, sec. 5.Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That the commissioners of loans in the several states, shall be allowed in the settlement of their several accounts, such sums as they shall have necessarily expended for the hire of clerks to assist in executing the duties of their several offices, from the commencement of the same to the first day of October next.
Approved, March 3, 1791.
# United States Code/Title 21

From the Cornell Law School U.S. Code Collection.
* Chapter 1. Adulterated or Misbranded Foods or Drugs
* Chapter 2. Teas
* Chapter 3. Filled Milk
* Chapter 4. Animals, Meats, and Meat and Dairy Products
* Chapter 5. Viruses, Serums, Toxins, Antitoxins, and Analogous Products
* Chapter 5A. Bureau of Narcotics
* Chapter 6. Narcotic Drugs
* Chapter 7. Practice of Pharmacy and Sale of Poisons in Consular Districts in China
* Chapter 8. Narcotic Farms
* Chapter 9. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
* Chapter 10. Poultry and Poultry Products Inspection
* Chapter 11. Manufacture of Narcotic Drugs
* Chapter 12. Meat Inspection
* Chapter 13. Drug Abuse Prevention and Control
* Chapter 14. Alcohol and Drug Abuse Educational Programs and Activities
* Chapter 15. Egg Products Inspection
* Chapter 16. Drug Abuse Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation
* Chapter 17. National Drug Enforcement Policy
* Chapter 18. President's Media Commission on Alcohol and Drug Abuse Prevention
* Chapter 19. Pesticide Monitoring Improvements
* Chapter 20. National Drug Control Program
* Chapter 21. Biomaterials Access Assurance
* Chapter 22. National Drug Control Policy
* Chapter 23. National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign
* Chapter 24. International Narcotics Trafficking
# United States Code/Title 22/Chapter 7/Subchapter XVI

See the current codification for Title 22, Chapter 7, Subchapter XVI at the Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School.
Title 22 − Foreign Relations and Intercourse Chapter 7 − International Bureaus, Congresses, etc. Subchapter XVI − United Nations Organization
* § 287. Representation in Organization
* § 287a. Action by representatives in accordance with Presidential instructions; voting
* § 287b. Reports to Congress by President
* § 287c. Economic and communication sanctions pursuant to United Nations Security Council Resolution
* § 287d. Use of armed forces; limitations
* § 287d-1. Noncombatant assistance to United Nations
* § 287e. Authorization of appropriations; payment of expenses
* § 287e-1. Housing supplement for certain employees assigned to the United States Mission to the United Nations
* § 287e-2. Reimbursement for goods and services provided by the United States to the United Nations
* § 287e-3. Limitation on the United States share of assessments for United Nations regular budget
* § 287f. Omitted
* § 287g. Authorization of appropriations for loan to United Nations; restrictions on use of proceeds of loan
* § 287h. Limitation on loan
* § 287i. Deduction of principal and interest from annual payment of assessed share of United States of budget
* § 287j. Participation in future United Nations borrowing; promotion of pattern of financing to avoid future large-scale deficits; report to Congress
* § 287k. Congressional expression of satisfaction that expenditures relating to operations in Middle East and in the Congo are “expenses of the Organization”
* § 287l. Congressional declaration that United Nations take steps to give effect to advisory opinion of International Court of Justice on financial obligations of members.

## Notes
### Short Title

       Section 1 of act December 20, 1945 (Act of Dec. 20, 1945 [or Public Law 79-264], ch. 583, 59 Stat. 619), provided that:
          “This Act may be cited as the ``United Nations Participation Act of 1945´´.”
* ↑ The Act which enacted this subchapter (§ 287 - § 287e).
# United States Code/Title 23

From the Cornell Law School U.S. Code Collection.
Title 23—Highways
* Chapter 1—Federal-Aid Highways
* Chapter 2—Other Highways
* Chapter 3—General Provisions
* Chapter 4—Highway Safety
* Chapter 5—Research, Technology, and Education
* Chapter 6—Infrastructure Finance
# United States Code/Title 22/Chapter 52/Subchapter I

Subchapter I—General Provisions
* Sec. 3901. Congressional findings and objectives.
* Sec. 3902. Definitions.
* Sec. 3903. Members of Service.
* Sec. 3904. Functions of Service.
* Sec. 3905. Personnel actions.
# United States Code/Title 22/Chapter 52/Subchapter II

SUBCHAPTER II—MANAGEMENT OF SERVICE
* § 3921. Administration by Secretary of State
* § 3922. Utilization of Foreign Service personnel system by other agencies
* § 3922a. Representation of minorities and women in Foreign Service
* § 3922b. Public diplomacy training
* § 3923. Compatibility among agencies utilizing Foreign Service personnel system
* § 3924. Uniform and consolidated administration of Service
* § 3925. Compatibility between Foreign Service and other Government personnel systems
* § 3926. Regulations; delegation of functions
* § 3927. Chief of mission
* § 3927a. Review by chief of mission
* § 3928. Director General of Foreign Service
* § 3929. Inspector General
* § 3929a. Abolishment of Inspector General of Department of State and Foreign Service
* § 3930. Board of Foreign Service
* § 3931. Board of Examiners
# Townsend v. Swank Alexander

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.

## Concurring Opinion

    Burger
United States Supreme Court
404 U.S. 282
Townsend et al. v. Swank, Director, Department of Public Aid of Illinois, et al.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois
No. 70-5021 Argued: November 8, 1971 --- Decided: December 20, 1971
This class action challenges on equal protection and supremacy grounds an Illinois statute and regulation under which needy dependent children 18 through 20 years old attending high school or vocational training school qualify for benefits under the federally assisted Aid to Families With Dependent Children (AFDC) program, but such children attending a college or university do not qualify. A three-judge District Court upheld the Illinois scheme.
Held: Under § 402 (a)(10) of the Social Security Act, a state participating plan under the AFDC program must provide that aid to families with dependent children shall be furnished with reasonable promptness to "all eligible" individuals. Since § 406 (a)(2)(B) of the Act makes dependent 18-20-year-olds eligible for benefits whether attending a college or university or a vocational or technical training course, and Congress has authorized no limitation of eligibility standards within the age group, the Illinois program conflicts with that federal statutory provision and violates the Supremacy Clause. Pp. 285-292.
314 F. Supp. 1082, reversed.
BRENNAN, J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which DOUGLAS, STEWART, WHITE, MARSHALL, and BLACKMUN, JJ., joined. BURGER, C.J., filed an opinion concurring in the result, post, p. 292.
Michael F. Lefkow argued the cause and filed briefs for appellants in No. 70-5021. M. James Spitzer, Jr., argued the cause pro hac vice for appellants in No. 70-5032. With him on the briefs was Melvin B. Goldberg.
Donald J. Veverka, Assistant Attorney General of Illinois, argued the cause for appellees in both cases. With him on the brief were William J. Scott, Attorney General, and Francis T. Crowe, Bernard Genis, and David E. Bradshaw, Assistant Attorneys General.
Solicitor General Griswold and Richard B. Stone filed a brief for the United States as amicus curiae urging affirmance in both cases.

## Notes

* ↑ Together with No. 70-5032, Alexander et al. v. Swank, Director, Department of Public Aid of Illinois, et al., also on appeal from the same court.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Townsend v. Swank Alexander/Concurrence Burger

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Concurring Opinion Burger
United States Supreme Court
404 U.S. 282
Townsend v. Swank Alexander
Argued: Nov. 8, 1971. --- Decided: Dec 20, 1971
Mr. Chief Justice BURGER, concurring in the result.
I concur in the result reached by the Court, but add this brief comment. In dealing with these cases-and the other AFDC cases on the Court's docket-it seems appropriate to keep clearly in mind that Title IV of the Social Security Act governs the dispensation of federal funds and that it does no more than that. True, Congress has used the 'power of the purse' to force the States to adhere to its wishes to a certain extent; but adherence to the provisions of Title IV is in no way mandatory upon the States under the Supremacy Clause. The appropriate inquiry in any case should be simply whether the State has indeed adhered to the provisions and is accordingly entitled to utilize federal funds in support of its program. Cf. Rosado v. Wyman, 397 U.S. 397, 420, 90 S.Ct. 1207, 1221-1222, 25 L.Ed.2d 442 (1970). I agree that the answer to that inquiry here must be in the negative; I therefore concur in the result reached by the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Townsend v. Sain

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.

## Concurring Opinion

    Goldberg
United States Supreme Court
372 U.S. 293
Townsend v. Sain
Argued: Oct. 8 and 9, 1962. --- Decided: March 18, 1963
[Syllabus from pages 293-295 intentionally omitted]
George N. Leighton, Chicago, Ill., for petitioner.
Edward J. Hladis, Chicago, Ill., for respondent.
Mr. Chief Justice WARREN delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Townsend v. Todd

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
91 U.S. 452
Townsend v. Todd
APPEAL from the Circuit Court of the United States for the District of Connecticut.
Mr. John S. Beach for the appellant.
Mr. Simeon E. Baldwin, contra.
MR. JUSTICE HUNT delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# United States Statutes at Large/Volume 3/14th Congress/2nd Session/Chapter 114

Chap. CXIV.—An Act supplementary to “An act for the relief of persons imprisoned for debts due the United States.”
Act of June 6, 1798, ch. 49. Relief of persons imprisoned for debts due United States. On conditions such as the President may deem proper.Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That any person imprisoned upon execution for a debt due to the United States, which he shall be unable to pay, if his case shall be such as does not authorize his discharge by the Secretary of the Treasury, under the powers given him by the act, entitled “An act providing for the relief of persons imprisoned for debts due to the United States,” may make application to the President of the United States, and upon proof being made to his satisfaction that such debtor is unable to pay the debt, and upon a compliance by the debtor with such terms and conditions as the President shall deem proper, he may order the discharge of such debtor from his imprisonment, and he shall be accordingly discharged, and shall not be liable to be imprisoned again for the same debt; but the judgment shall remain good and sufficient in law, and may be satisfied out of any estate which may then, or at any time afterwards, belong to the debtor.
Approved, March 3, 1817.