OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Indulphus

​INDULPHUS (d. 962), king of Scotland or Alba, was the son of Constantine II [q. v.], and succeeded Malcolm, the son of Donald, in 954. In his reign Dunedin, the fort of the Anglian Edwin (the future Edinburgh), was evacuated by the English. This was the first step in the extension of the Celtic kingdom of Alba south of the Forth or Scots Water. Indulphus defeated in Buchan a fleet of the Norse vikings, called Sumarlidi because they made their expeditions in summer, and probably commanded by the sons of Eric Bloody-Axe. This is all the 'Pictish Chronicle' Records, but the 'Prophecy of St. Berchan' adds that Indulphus died, as his father had died, at St. Andrews, a statement which seems to imply that, like Constantine, he became a monk, and is inconsistent with the assertion of a later and less trustworthy chronicler that he was killed by the Norsemen at Invirculen. He is said to have expelled Fothaad, the bishop of Alba, perhaps because the bishop had deprived the Culdees of Lochleven of their island in that loch on condition of giving them food and clothing, and Indulphus was a supporter of the Culdees. Indulphus was succeeded by Duff [q.v.], the son of Malcolm.
[Pictish Chronicle; Registrum Prioratus S. Andreæ; Skene's Celtic Scotland, i. 365.]
Æ. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Inchiquin

​INCHIQUIN, Lords and Earls of. [See O'Brien.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ince, Joseph Murray

​INCE, JOSEPH MURRAY (1806–1859), painter, was born at Presteign, Radnorshire, in 1806. Taking to painting as a profession, he became a pupil in 1823 of David Cox the elder [q.v.], and remained working under him till 1826, when he came to London. He exhibited in that year for the first time at the Royal Academy, and was also an occasional exhibitor at the British Institution and other galleries. In 1832 he was residing at Cambridge, where he made many architectural drawings. About 1835 he returned to Presteign, where he spent the remainder of his life, inheriting some property on the death of his parents, and making a good income out of his profession. He died on 24 Sept. 1859, and was buried in Kensal Green cemetery, London. A monument was erected to his memory at Presteign. Ince was a good painter of landscape in water-colours. There are examples of his drawings at the South Kensington Museum, and in the print room at the British Museum.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; information from the Rev.A. W.West, rector of Presteign.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ingalton, William

​INGALTON, WILLIAM (1794–1866), painter and builder, born in 1794, was son of a shoemaker at Worplesdon, Surrey. He lived for a longtime at Eton, where he painted domestic and rustic scenes. From 1816 to 1826 he was a contributor to the Royal Academy and other London exhibitions. In 1821 he published lithographed views of Eton, which have some merit. About 1826 his health broke down, and he ceased to practise as an artist. He became an architect and builder at Windsor, and resided at Clewer. Subsequently he removed to the Isle of Wight, and died in 1866
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Graves's Dict. of Artists, 1760-1880; Royal Acad. Catalogues; information from R. Ingalton Drake.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Inchbold, John William

​INCHBOLD, JOHN WILLIAM (1830–1888), painter, was born 29 April 1830 at Leeds, where Thomas Inchbold, his father, was proprietor and editor of the 'Leeds Intelligencer.' Manifesting a great talent for drawing in his boyhood, he was placed as a draughtsman in the lithographic works of Messrs. Day & Haghe. He soon became a pupil of Louis Haghe, the water-colour painter, and was a student at the Royal Academy in 1847. He exhibited at the Society of British Artists in 1849, at the Academy in 1851, and in 1855 gained the enthusiastic praise of Ruskin by his picture, `The Moorland,' painted in illustration of a famous passage in 'Locksley Hall.' His `White of Rylstone' was purchased by Mr. Ruskin. These were almost his only pictures connected by their titles with poetical fancy or legend, the landscapes which down to 1885 he continued, in spite of incessant discouragement, to contribute to the Academy, being chiefly topographical; and perhaps Ruskin's praise of his stern fidelity made him too merely literal a transcriber of nature. His best-known works are probably 'The Jungfrau' (1857), 'On the Lake of Thun' (1860), 'Tintagel' (1862), 'Gordale Scar' (1876), and 'Drifting' (1886); the last-named is in the possession of Mr. Coventry Patmore. Inchbold was happy all his life in the friendship of poets and men of genius, which consoled him for the hostility of the Academy and the indifference of the public. His faults, especially the frequent hardness and chilliness of his general effects, contrasted with the over-brightness of particular portions, undoubtedly militated against the general attractiveness of his work; his failings were obtrusive, and the recognition of his merits demanded insight and sympathy. For fidelity, delicacy, and true though unadorned poetry of feeling, no painter of his day stood higher. Tennyson, Browning, Lord Houghton, and Sir Henry Thompson were among his admirers and supporters, and in Dr. Russell Reynolds he found a liberal and discriminating patron. A year or two before his death he had returned from Algeria with a large collection of sketches, in which the ordinary defects of his manner were less apparent. He died suddenly of disease of the heart at Headingley, near Leeds, 23 Jan. 1888. His memory was shortly afterwards honoured by Mr. Swinburne in a funereal ode of surpassing beauty. Inchbold himself was a poet of considerable mark; the sonnets in his 'Annus Amoris,' 1877, are interesting tokens of a refined and poetical mind, though perhaps not one possesses the finish and concentration demanded by this most difficult form of composition.
[Athenæum, 4 Feb. 1888; personal knowledge.]
R. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Rosier, James

​ROSIER, JAMES (1575–1635), one of the early English voyagers to America, born in 1575, sailed with Bartholomew Gosnold [q. v.] on his voyage to New England in March–July 1602, and with George Weymouth [q. v.] on his voyage in March–July 1605. Of the last voyage he published in 1605 ‘A True Relation of Captain George Waymouth his Voyage made this present Year, 1605, in the Discovery of the North Part of Virginia.’ This voyage was really made to the coast of Maine. Rosier's account has been three times reprinted in America—by the Massachusetts Historical Society in 1843, by George Prince, Maine, in 1860, and by Henry Burrage for the Gorges Society in 1887 (the completest edition). Though writing accurately and carefully, Rosier speaks some what obscurely of the localities visited by Weymouth, in order that foreign navigators might not profit too much by his narration.
Rosier is said by Purchas (iv. pp. 1646–1653) to have also written an account of Gosnold's voyage and presented it to Walter Raleigh, but this is a mistake, as the treatise in question was by John Brereton (Burrage, p. 37). He died in 1635.
[Rosier's True Relation, 1605, as cited, republished in Purchas IV; cf. Burrage's edition of 1887; Brown's Genesis of U.S.A. pp. 26–7, 35, 829, 988, 1009.]
C. R. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Rosenberg, George Frederic

​ROSENBERG, GEORGE FREDERIC (1825–1869), painter, the youngest son of Thomas Elliot Rosenberg, a miniature and landscape painter, was born at Bath on 9 March 1825. Owing to the early death of his father, he was almost entirely self-taught. A lover and close observer of nature, he attained such proficiency as a flower-painter that he was elected an associate of the ‘Old ​Water-Colour’ Society on 14 June 1847, at an unusually early age. He never became a full member. He continued for some years to paint only flowers, fruit, and still life. He published ‘The Guide to Flower Painting in Water-Colours,’ with illustrations, in 1853, and was largely employed in tuition at Bath. In 1855 he exhibited studies of buildings in Wales and Shropshire, in 1856 a scene in Glencoe, between 1857 and 1860 views in Switzerland and the Scottish highlands, in 1861 mountain scenery in Norway. He made several visits to that country, during the last of which, in 1869, he caught a chill by sitting down when overheated to sketch a glacier. He died soon after his return to Bath, on 17 Sept. 1869. The drawings, about three hundred in number, which remained on his hands at his death were sold at Christie's on 12 and 14 Feb. 1870. He had married, in July 1856, Hannah Fuller Jenner, by whom he had two daughters and a posthumous son. The elder daughter, Ethel Jenner Rosenberg, is a well-known miniature and landscape painter.
Two of Rosenberg's sisters were also self-taught but accomplished artists. Frances Elizabeth Louisa was elected, when very young, a member of the New Water-Colour Society; she married John D. Harris, jeweller, of 5 Queen Square, Bath, and died on 9 Aug. 1872. Mary Elizabeth, who married William Duffield [q. v.], painter, became a member of the Institute of Painters in Water Colours.
C. D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Rosewell, Samuel

​ROSEWELL, SAMUEL (1679–1722), divine, born at Rotherhithe in 1679, was eldest son of Thomas Rosewell [q. v.], by his second wife. Owing to his father's death when he was twelve, Rosewell's education was unsettled, but he is stated to have graduated at a Scottish university.
He was chosen about 1701 as assistant to William Harris (1675?–1740) [q. v.] at Poor Jewry Lane presbyterian church, and continued there until invited in 1705 to assist John Howe (1630–1705) [q. v.] at the Silver Street Chapel, Wood Street, Cheapside. On 2 Aug. 1705 he was publicly ordained, and delivered his ‘Confession of faith,’ which was printed for his friends in 1706. It was afterwards reprinted without the author's name. After Howe's death, in 1705, Rosewell continued as assistant to John Spademan [q. v.], Howe's successor. At the same time he lectured at the Old Jewry on Sunday evenings, alternately with Benjamin Grosvenor [q. v.], and after the lecture was removed to Founder's Hall, Lothbury, in 1713, he was sole lecturer. He resigned his preferment from ill health in October 1719, and, removing to Mare Street, Hackney, died there, after a lingering illness, on 7 April 1722. His demeanour on his deathbed excited the admiration of his friend Isaac Watts [q. v.] He was buried in Bunhill Fields, near his father's grave. His wife, his mother, and his sisters all benefited by his will (P.C.C. 105, Marlbro).
He married, first, a daughter of Richard Russell, by whom he had no children; and secondly, Lettice, daughter of Richard Barrett, who died, aged 75, at Hackney, in 1762. By his second wife Rosewell had a son Thomas, and two daughters, Lettice and Susannah. A portrait, engraved by Vanderberghe, is given in the ‘Protestant Dissenters' Magazine’ for May 1794; another was engraved by Faber after J. Woolaston (Bromley).
Besides sermons, of which fifteen were separately published, Rosewell wrote: 1. ‘Seasonable Instruction for the Afflicted,’ London, 1711, 12mo. 2. ‘The Protestant Dissenters' Hopes from the Present Government freely declared,’ &c., London, 1716. 3. ‘The Life and Death of Mr. T. Rosewell’ [his father], London, 1718, 8vo. This is generally prefixed to the account of the trial of the latter [see under Rosewell, Thomas]. He contributed the commentary to St. Paul's Epistles to the Ephesians in the ‘Commentary’ of Matthew Henry [q. v.] (Prot. Diss. Mag. 1797, p. 472).
C. F. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Rowe, John (1764-1832)

​ROWE, JOHN (1764–1832), unitarian minister, sixth child of William Rowe of Spencecomb, near Crediton, Devonshire, was born on 17 April 1764. He was educated at Exeter under Joseph Bretland [q. v.]; at Hoxton Academy, and, after its dissolution, at the new college, ultimately fixed at Hackney, but then conducted (September 1786–June 1787) at Dr. Williams's Library, Red Cross Street, Cripplegate. He preached occasionally for his tutors, Andrew Kippis [q. v.], at Westminster, and Richard Price (1723–1791) [q. v.] at Hackney. On 14 Oct. 1787 he became colleague with Joseph Fownes (1714–1789) at High Street Chapel, Shrewsbury, and on Fownes's death (7 Nov. 1789) was elected sole pastor. His congregation built (1790) a new ‘parsonage-house’ for him; and at Michaelmas 1793 gave him an assistant, Arthur Aikin [q. v.], who left the ministry in June 1795. In January 1798 Coleridge preached some Sundays as candidate for the place of assistant, but withdrew in consequence of an offer of an income from Thomas Wedgewood (see letter of Coleridge, 19 Jan. 1798, in Christian Reformer, 1834, p. 838). Rowe left Shrewsbury in May 1798 to become colleague with John Prior Estlin [q. v.] at Lewin's Mead Chapel, Bristol. He was an impressive extempore preacher, and became a power in Bristol, both in charitable and in political movements. He was a founder of the Western Unitarian Society, which was established in 1792, on principles which many of his congregation thought too narrow. He held a doctrine of conditional immortality. In January 1831 he was seized with paralysis. He resigned his charge in 1832, and went to Italy. He died at Siena on 2 July 1832, and was buried in the protestant cemetery at Leghorn. In 1788 he married his cousin Mary (d. 1825), daughter of Richard Hall Clarke of Bridwell, Devonshire. His only son, John, died in Mexico on 17 Dec. 1827, aged twenty-nine. He published, besides sermons (1799–1816), ‘A Letter to Dr. Ryland, in refutation of a note contained in his Sermon, entitled “The First Lye refuted,”’ 1801, 8vo.
[Memoir (by Robert Aspland) in Christian Reformer, 1834, pp. 265 sq.; Murch's Hist. Presb. and Gen. Bapt. Churches in West of Engl. 1835, pp. 115 sq. 131 sq.; Astley's Hist. Presb. Meeting-House, Shrewsbury, 1847, pp. 21 sq.]
A. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Rowe, Richard

​ROWE, RICHARD (1828–1879), author, son of Thomas Rowe, a Wesleyan methodist minister (1785–1835), by Susannah Jackson (1802–1873), was born at Spring Gardens, Doncaster, on 9 March 1828. After attending several private schools he emigrated to Australia, and described his interesting experiences there in contributions to the Australian press. Returning to Great Britain, he betook himself to journalism, and for some time held a position in Edinburgh on the ‘Scotsman.’ Subsequently he worked in London, where he studied closely the conditions of life among the poor. He embodied some results of his researches in his pathetic ‘Episodes in an Obscure Life,’ 1871, 3 vols., which had a wide circulation. He published also twenty stories for children, some of which appeared under the pseudonyms of Charles Camden and Edward Howe. He died in Middlesex Hospital, London, on 9 Dec. 1879, after undergoing an operation for cancer of the tongue, and was buried in Highgate cemetery on 15 Dec. He married, on 12 May 1860, Mary Ann Yates, daughter of Jonathan Patten, by whom he left four children.
[The Day of Rest, February 1880, pp. 116–21, with portrait; Times, 15 Dec. 1879, p. 11; Athenæum, 13 Dec. 1879, p. 765; Academy, 20 Dec. 1879, p. 446.]
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Rowe, Harry

Date of death given as 1799 in the ODNB.
​ROWE, HARRY (1726–1800), ‘emendator of Shakespeare,’ the son of poor parents, was born at York in 1726. He served as trumpeter to the Duke of Kingston's light ​horse, and was present at the battle of Culloden in 1746, after which he attended the high sheriffs of Yorkshire in the capacity of trumpeter to the assizes for upwards of forty years. He eked out a scanty subsistence as a puppet showman, travelling far and wide in Scotland and the north of England. His devotion to his old parents commended him to the notice of John Croft [q. v.], the popular wine merchant and virtuoso of York, who got up a subscription for him, and caused to be printed for his benefit ‘Macbeth, with Notes by Harry Rowe, York, printed for the Annotator, 1797, 8vo.’ The edition was gratefully dedicated to those patrons who had ‘raised the puppet-master from abject poverty to ease, comfort, and content.’ A second edition, with a portrait of Rowe, appeared in 1799. The so-called ‘emendations’ were probably inspired by Croft, and were intended to raise a laugh at the expense of the accredited commentators. The alterations are based, the reader is informed, upon ‘a careful perusal of a very old manuscript in the possession of my prompter, one of whose ancestors, by the mother's side, was rush-spreader and candle-snuffer at the Globe Play-house, as appears from the following memorandum on a blank page of the MS.: this day, March the fourth, 1598, received the sum of seven shillings and fourpence for six bundles of rushes and two pairs of brass snuffers.’
In 1797 also appeared, in Rowe's name, ‘No Cure No Pay; or the Pharmacopolist, a musical farce,’ York, 8vo, in which some amusing sarcasm is levelled against empirics, with diplomas both sham and genuine, who are represented by Drs. Wax, Potion, and Motion, and the journeyman Marrowbone. Prefixed is an engraved portrait of Rowe, which is reproduced in Chambers's ‘Book of Days.’ In some copies Rowe is represented with a copy of ‘Macbeth’ in his hand, and a puppet-show in the background, with the legend ‘A manager turned author.’ The annotations were again furnished by ‘a friend,’ probably Croft, who, shortly after Rowe's death in York poorhouse, on 2 Oct. 1800, issued ‘Memoirs of Harry Rowe, constructed from materials found in an old box after his decease,’ the profits of which were devoted to the York Dispensary. A copy of Rowe's ‘Macbeth,’ in the Boston Public Library, contains some manuscript notes by its former owner, Isaac Reed [q. v.], including an erroneous ascription of the annotations to Dr. Andrew Hunter [q. v.]
[R. Davies's York Press, 1868, p. 309; Boyne's Yorkshire Library; Gent. Mag. 1800, ii. 1010; Baker's Biogr. Dramatica, 1812, i. 607; Notes and Queries, 5th ser. xi. 317, 398; Chambers's Book of Days, ii. 436; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. Bohn), p. 2135.]
T. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Rowe, Samuel (1793-1853)

​ROWE, SAMUEL (1793–1853), topographer, born on 11 Nov. 1793, was second son of Benjamin Rowe, yeoman, of Sherford Barton, Brixton, Devonshire, by his wife, Mary Avent, of St. Budeaux in the same county. This branch of the Rowe family had been settled at Brixton for several generations. After attending the neighbouring grammar school of Plympton, Samuel was apprenticed in 1810 to a bookseller at Kingsbridge, Devonshire. In 1813 his father purchased for him an old-established bookselling business at Plymouth, in which he was soon afterwards joined by his younger brother, Joshua Brooking Rowe. His leisure was devoted to study and literary pursuits. In 1817 he was elected a member, and in 1821 the secretary, of the Plymouth Institution, which was then the centre of all literary, scientific, and artistic life in South Devon. In 1822 he decided to give up bookselling and take holy orders. He accordingly matriculated at Cambridge as a member of Jesus College, and graduated B.A. in 1826 and M.A. in 1833. After serving as curate of St. Andrew, Plymouth, he was presented to the incumbency of St. Budeaux, and in 1832 he became the first minister of a new church, St. Paul, at Stonehouse, Plymouth. The incumbency of St. George, the older church of Stonehouse, shortly afterwards falling vacant, he was transferred to it, the gift, like the other preferments, being with the vicar of St. Andrew, the Rev. John Hatchard. Here he stayed until 1835, when out of seventy candidates he was elected vicar of Crediton, Devonshire. He died at Crediton on 15 Sept. 1853, and was buried in the churchyard. By his marriage, in 1829, to Sydney, daughter of Adam Neale, M.D. [q. v.], he left a son and five daughters.
Of Rowe's numerous writings, the most ​important is his ‘Perambulation of the Antient and Royal Forest of Dartmoor,’ royal 8vo, Plymouth, 1848 (2nd edit. demy 8vo, 1856), which has long been recognised as the standard account. A third and thoroughly revised edition, published in 1895 under the editorship of the author's nephew, Mr. J. Brooking Rowe, F.S.A., contains a portrait of Rowe, and numerous illustrations by a Devonshire artist, Mr. F. J. Widgery.
Rowe also published useful topographical works on Plymouth and the neighbourhood, epitomes of Paley's ‘Philosophy,’ and ‘Evidences,’ and several religious books and tracts. With Thomas Byrth [q. v.] he projected in 1814 the ‘Plymouth Literary Magazine,’ which expired at the sixth number. He wrote likewise: 1. ‘Iskander, or the Hero of Epirus, by Arthur Spenser,’ a romance, 3 vols. 12mo, London, 1819. 2. ‘Antiquarian Investigations in the Forest of Dartmoor,’ 8vo, 1830. 3. ‘Gothic Architecture, its Decline and Revival,’ 8vo, London, 1844.
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Rowe, John (1626-1677)

​ROWE, JOHN (1626–1677), nonconformist divine, son of John Rowe (1588–1660), and grandson of Lawrence Rowe, was born at Crediton, Devonshire, in 1626. His religious biography of his father, published in 1673, is included in Clarke's ‘Lives,’ 1683. On 1 April 1642 he entered as a batler at New Inn Hall, Oxford. Next year, Oxford being garrisoned for the king and New Inn Hall used as a mint, he removed to Emmanuel College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1646. On 8 Dec. 1648 he was incorporated B.A. at Oxford; on 12 Dec. he was admitted M.A., and on 11 Oct. 1649 was made fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, by the parliamentary visitors. He was a good patristic scholar, well read in philosophy and jurisprudence, and versed in the schoolmen. From his youth to the last he made a practice of keeping a diary in Greek. His first preferment was a lectureship at Witney, Oxfordshire; this had once been a puritan place, but Rowe's congregation was thin. On 3 Feb. 1653 the ‘most pleasant comedy of Mucedorus’ was acted in a room of the inn at Witney, before three hundred or four hundred spectators, by a company of amateurs from Stanton-Harcourt. After the second act the floor broke down, and five persons were killed. Rowe made this catastrophe the topic of a series of sermons. He soon became lecturer at Tiverton, Devonshire, vacating his fellowship, and was made assistant-commissioner to the ‘expurgators’ (August 1654) for Devonshire, but can hardly have acted as such, for in the same year he succeeded William Strong (d. June 1654) as preacher at Westminster Abbey and pastor of an independent church which met in the abbey. Among its members was John Bradshaw (1602–1659) [q. v.], the regicide, whose funeral sermon was preached by Rowe. On 14 March 1660 he was appointed one of the approvers of ministers.
The Restoration deprived him of his offices. He migrated with his church to Bartholomew Close, and afterwards to Holborn (probably Baker's Court), where Theophilus Gale [q. v.] was his assistant. He died on 12 Oct. 1677, and was buried in Bunhill Fields. In person he was tall and dignified, with a pleasing manner. He left two sons—Thomas [q. v.] and Benoni [see under Rowe, Thomas]. His sister became the mother of Henry Grove [q. v.]
He published, besides a sermon before parliament (1656) and his father's life above noted:
* ‘Tragi-Comœdia … a Brief ​Relation of the … Hand of God … at Witney … with … three Sermons,’ &c., Oxford, 1653, 4to.
* ‘Heavenly-mindedness and Earthly-mindedness,’ &c., 1672, 16mo, 2 parts.
* ‘The Saints' Temptation … also the Saints' Great Fence,’ &c., 1675, 8vo.
Posthumous was
He edited works by William Strong (1656 and 1657, 12mo) and by E. Pearse (1674 and 1683, 8vo). Calamy gives a list of his unpublished manuscripts.
[Lee's preface to Emmanuel, 1680; Wood's Athenæ Oxon. (Bliss), iii. 1128 sq.; Wood's Fasti (Bliss), ii. 108 sq.; Foster's Alumni Oxon. 1891, iii. 1284; Calamy's Account, 1713, pp. 39 sq.; Calamy's Continuation, 1727, i. 59; Wilson's Dissenting Churches of London, 1810, iii. 156 sq.; Jones's Bunhill Memorials, 1849, p. 245.]
A. G.