OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Idaho, University of

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
IDAHO, UNIVERSITY OF, a coeducational, non-sectarian institution in Moscow, Ida.; founded in 1889; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 80; students, 782; volumes in the library, 45,000; productive funds, $6,000,000; income, $684,000; president, Ernest Hiram Lindley, Ph. D.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Idaho Falls

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
IDAHO FALLS, a city of Idaho, the county seat of Bonneville Co. It is in the midst of an important agricultural region, well irrigated. It has excellent water power. It has a sugar factory
and other industries. There is a Carnegie library and other public buildings. Pop. (1910) 4,827; (1920) 8,064.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Blanc, Hubert Le

Blanc, Hubert Le, published a work on the bass viol at Amsterdam in 1740.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Blanche

Blanche. (F.) (Literally, white note.) A minim, or half note.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Bl a

Bl a syllable applied in solmization, by the Spaniards, to the note B natural, called by other nations si.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Blamont, Francois Colin De

Blamont, Francois Colin De, was born at Versailles in the year 1690, and for his merit in his profession, was made a chevalier of the order of St. Michael. He was a composer for the opera, and enjoyed the places of superintendent of the king's music, and master of that of his chamber. He wrote the operas "Didon," "Les Fetes Grecques et Romaines," "Il Pastor fido," &c. He died in the year 1760.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Blanchis, Petrus Antonius

Blanchis, Petrus Antonius. See BIANCHI, P. A.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Bizarro

Bizarro. A celebrated composer of madrigals, &c., at Rome, in the first half of the seventeenth century.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Blackwell, Isaac

Blackwell, Isaac. An English composer of songs, some of which were printed in a collection entitled "Choice Ayres, Songs, and Dialogue, to sing to the Theorbo, Lute, and Bass Viol," fol. 1675. There are some compositions of his for the church in the books of the Chapel Royal, and in those of Westminster Abbey.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Blanc, Didier Le

Blanc, Didier Le. A French composer of four part songs in 1597.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Blanchard, E. J. A

Blanchard, E. J. A., a celebrated French musician, die 'at Versailles in 1770. He was chamber musician to the King of France, who granted him letters of nobility and the order of St. Michael. He composed some sacred music containing beauties of the first order, among which is a magnificent motet, called "Laudate Dominum."
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/William Home Van Buren

From volume 15 of the work.
Distinguished American surgeon, b. at Philadelphia, 5 April, 1819; d. at New York, 25 March, 1883. His grandfather was Abraham Van Buren, a son of John Beuren, a pupil of Boerhaave who emigrated to New York from Beuren, near Amsterdam, in 17 00. Van Buren entered Yale College in 1834. Before graduation he left to take his medical education at the University of Pennsylvania, finishing his studies before the legal age at which a diploma could be awarded him. He spent some eighteen months in Paris and returned to receive his degree in medicine at the University of Pennsylvania in 1840, with a graduation thesis on "The Starch and Dextrin Bandage", the technic of which he had learned in Paris. He entered the army, passing the highest competitive examination. In 1842 he married the daughter of Dr. Valentine Mott, and in 1845 received the appointment as pro-sector to the medical department of the University of New York under Dr. Mott. In 1852 he became professor of anatomy and remained in that position until the burning of the college building in 1865. He attempted to reorganize the university medical school after the fire, insisting on the erection of a building near Bellevue Hospital. His plans, all adopted later, being rejected, Dr. Van Buren resigned. In 1868 he became professor of surgery in the Bellevue Hospital Medical College, a position which he retained until his death. In 1854 he translated from the French Morel's "Histology" and afterwards, Bernard and Huette's "Operative Surgery". This latter work was furnished by the United States Government to the army surgeons during the Civil War. President Lincoln offered to make Van Buren surgeon general at the time of the war, and on his refusal consulted him with regard to the appointment. In 1865 he published "Contributions to Practical Surgery", in 1870 "Lectures on Diseases of the Rectum", and in 1874 in conjunction with Dr. Edward L. Keyes, a text-book on genito- urinary surgery. His contributions to medical periodical literature were frequent. He became a Catholic early in his medical career and died in the profession of the Faith. He was consulting surgeon to many of the prominent New York City hospitals, and had been president of the Pathological Society, vice-president of the New York Academy of Medicine, and corresponding member of the Société de Chirurgie of Paris, an honour that had been conferred of only one American before him.
KEYES, New York Academy of Medicine Memorial Address in N. Y. Med. Journal, XXXVII (1883); SMITH, Surgery of New York, Mid-nineteenth century in N.Y. Med. Record (July 2, 1910).
JAMES J. WALSH
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/William J. Hardee

From volume 7 of the work.
Soldier, convert, b. at Savannah, Georgia, U.S.A., 1817, d. at Wytheville, Virginia, 6 Nov., 1873. He graduated from the U. S. Military Academy at West Point in 1838, and served in the second dragoons in the Florida Indian war. In 1839 he was sent to the French military training school at St. Maur for professional study and attached to the French cavalry department. On his return to the United States he was stationed in the West and promoted to be captain of dragoons on 18 Sept., 1844. During the Mexican War his services were conspicuous. At its close he was made of the twentieth cavalry and ordered to prepare a manuel of tactics for the army. This he finished in 1856 and was then appointed commandant of cadets at West Point. At the breaking out of the Civil War he joined the Confederacy and was given the rank of colonel in its army. He served all through the contest, attaining the rank of lieutenant-general and corps commander. After the war he retired to live on his plantation in Alabama. His book, "United States Rifle and Light Infantry Tactics", published in New York, 1856, was eclectic rather than original, and drawn chiefly from French sources.
Encycl. of Am. Biog., s.v.
THOMAS F. MEEHAN
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/William Henry Coombes

From volume 4 of the work.
Born 8 May, 1767; died 15 November, 1850. He passed his early years at Meadgate, Somersetshire, England, the property and for many years the residence of his uncle, Rev. William Coombes (d. 18 April, 1822), of Douai College, Grand-Vicar of the Western District. Young Coombes went to Douai at the age of twelve, was ordained in 1791, and during the French Revolution escaped (October, 1793) from Dourlens to England. He was a doctor of theology and co-operated earnestly with Bishop Douglass at Old Hall seminary as professor and vice-president. From 1810 he served the mission of Shepton Mallet till 1849, when he retired to Downside monastery, where he died. He is described as a spiritual and self-denying priest, an eminent scholar and theologian. His chief works are: "Sacred Eloquence; being Discourses from the Writings of Sts. Basil and Chrysostom, with the Letters of St. Eucherius of Lyons" (London, 1798); "Escape from France; with an account of the English Poor Clares from Aire, and a narrative of the sufferings and death of Pius VI" (London, 1799); "Life of St. Francis de Sales, from the French of Marsollier" (Shepton Mallet, 1812); "Spiritual Entertainments of St. Francis de Sales" (Taunton, 1814); "The Essence of Religious Controversy" (1827); "Life of St. Jane Frances de Chantal" (London, 1830). There survive certain other writings by Coombes on religious and political themes.
OLIVER, Collectanea, 272; GILLOW, Bibl. Dict. Eng. Cath., I. 558; COOPER in Dict. Nat. Biog., XII, 109.
PATRICK RYAN
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/William Henry Elder

From volume 5 of the work.
Elder, William Henry, third Bishop of Natchez, Mississippi, U.S.A., and second Archbishop of Cincinnati, b. in Baltimore, Maryland, March 22, 1819; d. in Cincinnati, October 31, 1904. His father, Basil Elder, was a descendant of William Elder, who had emigrated from England to America, in colonial times; his mother, Elisabeth Miles (Snowden) Elder. In 1831 he entered Mt. St. Mary's College, Emmitsburg, Maryland, then presided over by the Rev. John Baptist Purcell, who afterwards became the second Bishop, and later the first Archbishop, of Cincinnati. In 1842 he went to Rome, to complete his theological studies at the College of the Propaganda, where he received the degree of Doctor of Divinity. He was ordained priest in Rome, March 29, 1846. Returning to Maryland, he became professor at Emmitsburg, which position he held until he was appointed Bishop of Natchez, for which he was consecrated in the cathedral of Baltimore, by Archbishop Kenrick, May 3, 1857. In 1864 he was brought into prominence by his refusal to obey the order of the Federal troops at Natchez, to have certain prayers for the President of the United States recited publicly in the churches of his diocese. He was arrested, tried, and convicted; but the decision of the military court was reversed at Washington. His devotion to his people during the yellow-fever epidemic of 1878 won universal commendation. On January 30, 1880, he was made titular Bishop of Avara and transferred to Cincinnati, as coadjutor with the right of succession to Archbishop Purcell, whom he succeeded July 4, 1883. Great financial difficulties clouded the last years of Archbishop Purcell's life and made the task of his successor a trying one. But the reopening of the theological seminary, Mt. St. Mary's of the West, the founding of St. Gregory's Preparatory Seminary, the enlarging of St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum, besides the building of numerous other religious institutions, show how well Archbishop Elder overcame these difficulties. (See Archdiocese of Cincinnati.)
TIMOTHY J. DEASY
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/William John Fitzpatrick

* related authors: William John Fitzpatrick.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
From volume 6 of the work.
Historian, b. in Dublin, Ireland, 31 Aug., 1830; d. there 24 Dec., 1895. The son of a rich merchant, he had ample means to indulge his peculiar tastes, and these were for biography, and especially for seeking out what was hitherto unknown and not always desirable to publish about great men. Educated partly at a Protestant school, partly at Clongowes Wood College, he early took to writing and in 1855 published his first work - "The Life, Times and Correspondence of Lord Cloncurry". The same year he wrote a series of letters to "Notes and Queries" charging Sir Walter Scott with plagiarism in his Waverley novels, and attributing the chief credit of having written these novels to Sir Walter's brother Thomas. The latter was dead, but his daughters repudiated Fitzpatrick's advocacy and their father's supposed claims, and the matter ended there. In 1859 Fitzpatrick published "The Friends, Foes and Adventures of Lady Morgan". From that date to his death, his pen was never idle. His research was great, his industry a marvel, his patience and care immense, nor is he ever consciously unjust. For these reasons, though his style is unattractive, his works are valuable, especially to the Irish historical student. Notable examples are "The Sham Squire" (1866), "Ireland before the Union" (1867), "The Correspondence of Daniel O'Connell" (1888), "Secret Service under Pitt" (1892). Fitzpatrick also wrote works dealing with Archbishop Whately, Charles Lever, Rev. Dr. Lanigan, Father Tom Burke, O.P., and Father James Healy of Bray. In 1876 he was appointed professor of history by the Hibernian Academy of Arts. Fitzpatrick's painstaking research as well as his spirit of fair play are specially to be commended and have earned words of praise from two men differing in many other things - Lecky and Gladstone.
E. A. D'Alton.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/William Kreiten

From volume 8 of the work.
Literary critic and poet, b. 21 June, 1847, at Gangelt near Aschen; d. 6 June, 1902, at Kerkrade (Kirchrath) in Dutch Limburg. At the age of sixteen he entered the Jesuit novitiate of Friedrichsburg at Münster. After receiving his classical education at Münster and Amiens, he began his philosophical and theological studies at Maria Laach in 1868, but was compelled to interrupt them the following year on account of ill-health. From 1869 to 1871 he pursued literary studies at Münster. When the Jesuits were expelled from Germany, in 1872, Kreiten was sent to Aix in Provence, where he completed his theological studies and was ordained priest on 8 June, 1873. From 1870 to 1878 he was on the editorial staff of "Stimmen aus Maria Laach" at Tervueren near Brussels. In 1878 ill-heath compelled him to retire to Kerkrade, where he spent the remaining twenty-three years of his life in literary pursuits. Though continually suffering, he was one of the chief workers on "Stimmen aus Maria Laach", to which he contributed numerous essays on literary subjects and most of the reviews of current Catholic literature from 1874 to 1902. His larger works in the field of literary history and criticism are "Voltaire, Ein Beitrag zur Entstehungsgeschichte des Liberalismus" (Freiburg, im Br., 1878, 2nd ed., 1884); "Molieres Leben und Werke" (Freiburg im Br., 1887; 2nd ed, 1897); "Lebrecht Dreves. Ein Lebensbild" (Freiburg im Br, 1897); a critical edition of the poems of Annette von Droste-Hulshoff with an exhaustive biography of the great Westphalian poetss (Monster, 1884-6; 2nd ed., 1900 -); a series of twenty-one articles in "Stimmen aus Maria Laach" on Blaise Pascal and his works. His poetical works are "Heimatweisen aus der Fremde (Aachen, 1882), the second edition of which has many additional poems and is entitled "Den weg entlang" (Paderborn, 1889; 10th ed, 1904); translations of selections from the modern Provencal Christmas hymns of Louis Simon Lambert, entitled "Bethlehem" (Freiburg im Br, 1882; 2nd ed., 1895). Furthermore, Kreiten completed and published a biography of Klemens Brentano which had been begun by the friend of his youth, J. B. Diel, S. J., 2 vols., (Freiburg im Br., 1877); edited the other posthumous works of Diel, 2 vols. (Freiburg im Br., 1877); and Brentano's "Die Chronik des fahrenden Schulers" (Munich, 1883; 2nd ed., 1888). His last work was a collection of eight hundred aphorisms entitled "Allerlei Weisheit" (Paderborn, 1901).
Stimmen aus Maria Laach, LXIII (Freiburg, im Br. 1902), 1-11; Deutecher Hausschatz, XXVIII (Ratisbon, 1901-2), supplement, 113; GULDNER in The Messenger, XXXVIII (New York, 1902), 471-3.
MICHAEL OTT
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/William Jewett Tenney

From volume 14 of the work.
An author, editor, born at Newport, Rhode Island, 1814; died at Newark, New Jersey, 20 Sept., 1883. Graduating from Yale in 1832 he studied medicine, but abandoned it for the law and, on being admitted to the bar, opened an office in New York. He then tried journalism on the editorial staff of the "Journal of Commerce," and contributed editorially to the "Evening Post", during 1841-43 and 1847-48. In 1853 he entered the service of D. Appleton and Co., publishers, as editor, and, in addition to a large amount of literary and critical work, began for them, in 1861, the compilation of the "Annual Cyclopædia" which he continued till his death. He indexed T. H. Benton's "Abridgment of the Debates of Congress" and added a sixteenth volume to the series (New York 1857-60). He edited the "Queens of England" (1852); and wrote a "Military and Naval History of the Rebellion in the U. S." (1865), and a "Grammatical Analysis" (1866). During a long residence at Elizabeth, N. J., he held several local public offices including that of collector of the port during President Buchanan's administration. He became a convert to the Catholic Faith and married, as his second wife, Sarah, daughter of Orestes H. Brownson (q. v.).
Appleton's Cyclopœdia of American Biog. (New York, 1900), s. v.; LAMB, Biog. Dict, of U. S. (Boston, 1903); Freeman's Journal (New York), files.
THOMAS F. MEEHAN
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Wooster

* related portals: Ohio.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, travel guide, Wikidata item.
Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​ WOOSTER, a city and county-seat of Wayne co., O.; on Killbuck creek, and on the Pennsylvania and the Baltimore and Ohio railroads; 25 miles W. of Massillon. It is in an agricultural section. Here are Wooster University (Presb.), the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station, a high school, court house, electric lights, waterworks, National and other banks, and daily, weekly, and monthly periodicals. It has manufactories of doors, sashes and blinds, carriages and wagons, paving brick, harness, furniture, flour, mill gearing, boilers, engines, pianos, etc. Pop. (1910) 6,136; (1920) 8,204.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Worcester (Massachusetts)

* related portals: Massachusetts.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, travel guide, Wikidata item.
Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​ WORCESTER, a city of Massachusetts, one of the two county-seats of Worcester co. It is on the Boston and Albany, the New York, New Haven and Hartford, and the Boston and Maine railroads. A street railway system connects it with neighboring towns and communities. The city is situated in a valley which is surrounded by hills of moderate height. There is a park system of over 1,000 acres. The largest parks are Green Hill Park, 500 acres; Boynton Park, 113 acres; Lake Park, 110 acres; and Elm Park, 86 acres. The notable buildings include a city hall, art museum, public library, State armory, court house. State lunatic asylums, and many business buildings. There are five hospitals, Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. buildings. There were in 1919 about 30,000 pupils in the public schools, with nearly 1,000 teachers. The cost of maintaining the public schools is about $1,500,000 annually. The assessed property valuation in 1919 was $160,837,100. There was a tax rate of $21.20 per thousand. The net public debt was $6,463,148.
Worcester is an important manufacturing city. There were in 1914 272 manufacturing establishments owned by individuals, 225 by corporations, and 109 otherwise owned. The value of the product was over $80,000,000. The industries include the manufacture of wire, looms, emery wheels, elevators, fire arms, cars, boots and shoes, clothing, leather goods, etc. Worcester is the seat of Clark University, Clark College, Holy Cross College, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester Academy, and many charitable institutions.
Worcester was founded in 1674, but the settlers were soon driven away by the Indians. A second attempt was made to found a settlement in 1684, but after a few years the Indians again forced the whites to withdraw. The place was permanently established in 1713. It was incorporated in 1822, and chartered as a city in 1848. Owing to its central location in the State, and in a rich agricultural region, it is known as the “Heart of the Commonwealth”. Pop. (1910) 145,986; (1920) 179,754.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Woonsocket

* related portals: Rhode Island.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, travel guide, Wikidata item.
Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​WOONSOCKET, a city in Providence co., R. I.; on the Blackstone river, and on the New England, and the New York, New Haven and Hartford railroads, 16 miles N. by W. of Providence. It contains a public library, churches of the principal denominations, a high school, Soldiers' Monument, fair grounds, waterworks, electric lights, National and savings banks, and daily and weekly newspapers. A bridge here crosses the river, besides numerous others. The city is the trading center of northern Rhode Island and adjoining Massachusetts towns. The prosperity of the city is chiefly due to its industries. It has large manufactories of cotton cloth, woolen and worsted mills, rubber shoe factories, knit goods, wringers, mill and general machinery, boxes, rubber boots, harness pads, etc. Pop. (1910) 38,125; (1920) 43,496.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Woorali Poison

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​ WOORALI POISON, now generally called curara, obtained from the Etrychnos toxifera, and used by the South American Indians as an arrow poison. An alcoholic extract, called curara or curarin, is obtained from the crude woorali, which is in commerce a black-brown resinous mass, soluble in water, but slightly so in alcohol. The alcoholic extract, obtained by Roulin and Boussingault in 1828, was a solid transparent mass, of an excessively bitter taste, and possessed all the virulence of the woorali poison. The woorali poison contains no strychnine, but belongs to the narcotic rather than to the tetanic poisons. It is extremely virulent and rapid in its action, so much so that a large animal may be killed by a poisoned arrow in five minutes, and it may retain all its properties for an indefinite length of time if kept dry.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Wycombe

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​WYCOMBE, a market town of Buckinghamshire, England; on the Wye; 25 miles E. S. E. of Oxford and 29 W. N. W. of London. Called variously Chipping (or Chepping), Wycombe and High Wycombe, it was the seat of a Saxon fortress, Desborough Castle, some remains of which may be seen, and has a fine cruciform parish church (1273-1522; restored 1874-1888) with a tower 96 feet high, a guildhall (1757-1859), etc. Wycombe was governed by a mayor in Henry III.'s time, but first incorporated by Henry VI.; the municipal boundary was extended in 1880. Pop. about 20,000.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Wooster University

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​ WOOSTER UNIVERSITY, a coeducational institution in Wooster, O.; founded in 1866 under the auspices of the Presbyterian Church; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 41; students, 671; president, Chas. F. Wishart, D. D.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Wye

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​WYE, a river of South Wales, which, rising from Montgomeryshire, near the Severn's source, and flowing generally S. E. between Radnor and Brecon, through Hereford, and between Gloucester and Monmouth, enters the Severn at Chepstow, 123 miles below its head. Rapid and rockbound as far as Hay, the Wye grows gentler as it gathers volume, but throughout is singularly beautiful, making innumerable horseshoe curves between wooded banks, and passing by Maeslough, Clifford, Gooderich, and Chepstow Castles, Hereford Cathedral, and Tintern Abbey.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Woolley, Mary Emma

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
WOOLLEY, MARY EMMA, an American educator, born in Norwalk, Conn.,
in 1863. She graduated from Brown University in 1894. From 1886 to 1891 she was instructor at the Wheaton Seminary. In 1896 she was appointed associate professor of Biblical history at Wellesley College, and after filling several posts on the faculty of that institution, was appointed president of Mt. Holyoke College in 1900. She was a member of many learned and patriotic societies.
# Choteau v. Marguerite/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
37 U.S. 507
Choteau v. Marguerite
and the Court, in the case of Crowell v. Randall, 10 Peters, had revised all the cases; and had laid down the law as they wished it should be universally understood.
The motion to dismiss the case was sustained.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse