OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lee, Matthew

​LEE, MATTHEW, M.D. (1694–1766), benefactor to Christ Church, Oxford, born in Northamptonshire in 1694, was the son of William Lee. In 1709 he was admitted on the foundation at Westminster School, and was elected to Christ Church in 1713. He contributed to the Oxford poems on the death of Dr. Radcliffe in 1716. He graduated B.A. in 1717, M.A. in 1720, M.B. in 1722, and M.D. in 1726. For some years he practised medicine successfully at Oxford, but about 1730 settled in London. He was admitted a candidate of the Royal College of Physicians on 12 April 1731 and a fellow on 8 April 1732. He was censor in 1734 and Harveian orator in 1736. His oration was published during the same year. In 1789 he was appointed physician to Frederick, prince of Wales. He died on 26 Sept. 1766 and was buried in the church of Little Linford, Buckinghamshire (Lipscomb, Buckinghamshire, iv. 233). By his wife, Sarah, youngest daughter of John Knapp, he had no children. His bust is in the library at Christ Church. In 1760 Lee founded an anatomical lectureship at Christ Church, which he endowed with an annual stipend of 140l.; he also gave money for building an anatomy school, and for converting the old library into rooms (Wood, Colleges and Halls, ed. Gutch, iii. 456, 461). He likewise bequeathed a sum of money for the establishment of exhibitions at Westminster School.
[Welch's Alumni Westmon. 1862, pp. 251, 259; Munk's Coll. of Phys. 1878, ii. 55-6, 119-21.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lee, John (d.1804)

​LEE, JOHN (d. 1804), wood-engraver, was a member of what is known as the London school of wood-engraving, which was contemporary with that of Thomas Bewick [q. v.] Lee engraved the cuts for 'The Cheap Repository,' a series of tracts printed between 1794 and 1798. The work as some merits. He engraved a part of the designs by W. M. Craig [q. v.] in 'Scripture Illustrated,' with Branston and others; and also Craig's designs for 'A Wreath for the Brow of Youth,' a reading-book composed for the Princess Charlotte of Wales. Lee died in March 1804. His son, James Lee, also practised as a wood-engraver, and some of his father's works have been credited to him. He engraved the portraits in T. C. Hansard's 'Typographia' (1825), and was largely employed on illustrated books.
[Chatto and Jackson's Hist of Wood-engraving; Redgrave's Dict. of Artists.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lee, John Edward

​LEE, JOHN EDWARD (1808–1887), antiquarian and geologist, was born at Hull 21 Dec. 1808. He early made the acquaintance of John Phillips the geologist, who was then living at York, and his attention was thus directed to geology. Weak health compelled him to travel for some years, and he visited Russia and Scandinavia. On his return he settled at Caerleon Priory, Monmouthshire, where he devoted some years to the study of the Roman remains, the subject of his chief work, 'Isca Silurum; or an Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Antiquities at Caerleon,' 1862, 4to. Lee afterwards moved to Torquay, and undertook the translation of various foreign works bearing, on prehistoric archæology. In 1859 he was elected a fellow of the Geological Society, and he formed a very fine collection of fossils, which in 1885 he presented to the British Museum. Lee died at Torquay 18 Aug.
Besides 'Isca Silurum' and various papers in the 'Geological Magazine,' 'Magazine of Natural History,' &c., Lee's chief works are:
* 'Delineations of Roman Antiquities found at Caerleon.' 1845, 4to.
* 'Description of a Roman Building … discovered at Caerleon,' 1850, 8vo.
* 'Selections from an Antiquarian Sketch-book' (with fifteen lithographic plates), 1859, 4to.
* 'Roman Imperial Photographs … forty enlarged Photographs of Roman Coins.' 1874, fol.
* 'Roman Imperial Profiles … more than 160 lithographic Profiles, by C. E. Croft, 1874, 8vo.
* 'Notebook of an Amateur Geologist.' 1881, 8vo.
He also published translations of F. Keller's 'Lake-dwellings of Switzerland.' 1866, 8vo, 2nd edit. 1878; Conrad Merk's 'Excavations at the Kesserloch,' 1876, 8vo, and of F. Roemer's 'Bone-caves of Ojcow in Poland.' 1884, 4to.
[Proc. of Geol. Soc. 1887-8, p. 42; Brit. Mus. Cat. of Printed Books.]
G. S. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lee, Joseph

​LEE, JOSEPH (1780–1859), enamel-painter, born in 1780, painted miniatures in enamel from the life, and also copied pictures in enamel. He was an occasional exhibitor at the Royal Academy. In 1818 he was appointed enamel-painter to Princess Charlotte of Wales, of whom he exhibited portraits in that year and in 1828 (the latter a copy of one by Dawe), and in 1832 a portrait of the Duke of Sussex, after Phillips, having previously been appointed enamel-painter to that prince. He also painted George IV after Sir Thomas ​Lawrence. Lee exhibited for the last time in 1863, and died at Gravesend on 26 Dec. 1869, aged 79. There is an enamel painting by him at the South Kensington Museum.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Graves's Dict. of Artists, 1760-1880; Royal Academy Catalogues.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lockhart, George (fl.1520)

Surname Lokert in the ODNB.
​LOCKHART, or LOKERT, GEORGE (fl. 1520), a Scotsman, was a professor of arts at the college of Montaigu in Paris in 1516. He cannot be identified with the George Lockhart who was forfeited at Lanark in 1501, but was probably the man for whom James V, writing to Henry VIII, 7 April 1528, requested permission to pass through England on his way abroad. At the Montaigu college he must have been the contemporary of Pierre Tempête, who died about 1530. He wrote: 1. ‘De Proportione et Proportionalitate,’ Paris, 1518, fol. 2. ‘Termini Georgii Lokert,’ Paris, 1524, 4to, with a dedication to James Henryson. 3. He also edited and improved ‘Questiones et Decisiones Physicales. .. Alberti de Saxonia Thimonis et J. Biondani,’ Paris, 1518, fol.
[Tanner's Bibl. Brit.; Exchequer Rolls of Scotland, xi. 353*; Cal. State Papers, Scottish Ser. i. 27; Franklin's Anciennes Bibliothèques de Paris, i. 407.]
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lockhart, James

​LOCKHART, Sir JAMES, Lord Lee (d. 1674), Scottish judge, was son of Sir James Lockhart of Lee, by his wife, Jean Weir of Stonebyres, Lanarkshire. While still a young man he was a gentleman of the privy chamber to Charles I, and was knighted. He sat in the parliaments of 1630 and 1633 as commissioner for Lanarkshire, and was appointed lord of the articles on 20 June 1633. He did not sit in the parliament of 1641, probably on account of his adherence to the Marquis of Hamilton. In 1644, and again in 1645, he contested Lanarkshire against Sir William Hamilton, and on the second occasion with success. Upon the first there was a disputed return decided, 5 June 1644, in favour of Hamilton. On 1 Feb. 1645 he was appointed a commissioner of the exchequer, and on 2 July 1646 an ordinary lord of session In succession to Lord Durie the elder, who had died. He took part in the engagement for the relief of King Charles in 1648, and under the Marquis of Hamilton commanded a regiment at the battle of Preston. Accordingly, on 16 Feb. 1649, he was deprived of his office by the Act of Classes, and was banished with others by an act of the estates, 4 June 1650. He petitioned for the removal of his sentence of banishment, and on 5 Dec. of the same year his banishment was annulled. Upon his return he became a member of the committee of estates, was chosen to superintend the levy for the invasion of England under Charles II. On 28 Aug. 1651 he was surprised by a party of English soldiers at Blyth, and was taken prisoner. He was carried to Broughty Castle, and was conveyed thence into England, where he was eventually placed in the Tower, and was imprisoned there for some years. At length, on the intercession of his son, Sir William Lockhart [q. v.], he was set at liberty, and in 1661 was restored to his seat on the bench, was sworn of the privy council in Scotland, and was again appointed a commissioner of the exchequer. In the parliaments of 1661, 1665, and 1669 be represented Lanarkshire, and was throughout a lord of the articles. In 1662 he opposed the Ejection Act at Glasgow, and was reported to have been the only man sober in the assembly, which earned for itself the name of the 'Drunken parliament' (Kirkton, History of the Church of Scotland, p. 149). In 1671 he succeeded Sir John Home of Renton as lord justice clerk, and held that post till he died in May 1674.
[Books of Sederunt; Acts Scots Parl.; Balfour's Annals, iv. 14, 42, 300; Brunton and Haig's Senators of the Coll, of Justice: Burton's Hist. of Scotland, vii, 435; Lamont's Diary, p. 41.]
J. A. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lockhart, David

Date of death 1845 in the ODNB.
​LOCKHART, DAVID (d. 1846), botanist, was a gardener in the Royal Gardens, Kew. In 1816 he became the assistant of Christian Smith, the naturalist of the Congo expedition under Captain Tuckey. Lockhart escaped with his life, but suffered much from fever. Two years afterwards he was put in charge of the gardens at Trinidad, then under the supervision of Sir Ralph Woodford, and acquitted himself ably there. He visited England in 1844 with the view of enriching the Trinidad gardens, but he died in 1846 soon after his return to the island. A genus of orchids, which was named Lockhartia after him by Dr. Lindley, is now merged in Fernandezia.
[Gard. Chron. 1885, new ser. xxiv. 236.]
B. D. J.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lockhart, Laurence William Maxwell

​LOCKHART, LAURENCE WILLIAM MAXWELL (1831–1882), novelist, born in 1831, was son of the Rev. Laurence Lockhart of Milton Lockhart, Lanarkshire, by his wife Louisa, daughter of David Blair, an East India merchant, of Glasgow. He was nephew of John Gibson Lockhart [q. v.] In 1841 he was sent to the school of Mr. Broughton at Newington House, near Edinburgh, where he made some lifelong friendships. After two or three years he returned home to be educated by a private tutor, and in 1845 he entered Glasgow University. He stayed there, with a year's interval, till in 1850 he entered Caius College, Cambridge. He graduated B.A. in 1855, and M.A. in 1861, and on 9 Feb. 1855 he received a commission as ensign in the 92nd regiment (Gordon highlanders). He joined his regiment at Edinburgh, went with it to Gibraltar, ​and landed at Balaclava on 15 Sept. 1855. He was made lieutenant on 4 Oct. He served in the trenches before Sebastopol during the following winter. In May 1856 the regiment returned to Gibraltar. Lockhart came to England upon sick leave in 1857. He joined the depot in Scotland, and during 1859 and 1860 held a regimental appointment at Reigate, and afterwards at Cambridge. In 1860 he married Katherine, daughter of Sir James Russell of Ashiestiel, by his wife Mary, daughter of Sir James and Lady Helen Hall of Dunglass. Mrs. Lockhart died in the spring of 1870. In 1862 Lockhart joined his regiment in India, whither it had been sent in 1858. He returned with it to England in 1863, and received his commission as captain on 19 Jan. 1864. He retired from the army in 1865, and devoted himself to literary work, contributing chiefly to ‘Blackwood's Magazine,’ in which he published three novels, ‘Doubles and Quits,’ ‘Fair to See,’ and ‘Mine is Thine.’ They were republished in 1869, 1871, and 1878 respectively. On 7 June 1870 he became major of the 2nd royal Lanark militia. In July he was appointed ‘Times’ correspondent for the Franco-German war. He was with the French army at the battle of Forbach. The French afterwards refused to allow foreign correspondents with their armies, and upon the death of Colonel Pemberton, Lockhart succeeded him as correspondent with the Germans. The hardships and exposure of an employment in which he took the liveliest interest laid the seeds of pulmonary disease. He became lieutenant-colonel of the Lanark militia on 8 April 1877. From 1879 symptoms of failing health forced him to try various climates, and he died at Mentone on 23 March 1882. He was buried in the cemetery there.
Lockhart was a man of very charming character, uniting singular unselfishness to unusual buoyancy of spirit, even to his last illness. His first novel was a ‘comedy of errors,’ bordering upon the farcical; in the later he was more serious in aim and careful in execution; but all showed the same qualities of great vivacity, combined with delicacy of perception and feeling for the refined and chivalrous.
[Information from his family; Blackwood's Mag. April 1882.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lockey, Rowland

​LOCKEY, ROWLAND (fl. 1590–1610), painter, was a pupil of Nicholas Hilliard, and resided in Fleet Street, London. He is commended, together with Isaac Oliver [q. v.], by Richard Haydock (fl. 1605) [q. v.], in the preface to his translation of Lomazzo's ‘Art of Painting,’ 1598, and he is mentioned by Francis Meres in his ‘Wit's Commonwealth,’ 1598, among the eminent artists then living in England. He is stated to have painted ‘a neat piece in oil, containing in one table the picture of Sir John More, a judge of the king's bench temp. Henry VIII, and of his wife, and of Sir Thomas More, lord chancellor, his son and his wife, and of all the lineal heirs male descended from them, together with each man's wife unto that present year’ (see Nichols, History of Leicestershire, vol. iii. pt. i. p. 490). This description corresponds very nearly to the group of the family of Sir Thomas More attributed to Holbein, formerly in the collection of Speaker Lenthall, and now in that of Mr. Strickland at Cokethorpe in Oxfordshire; a small copy of this group in water-colours, attributed to Isaac Oliver, is in the collection of Major-general Sotheby (Tudor Exhibition, 1890, No. 1087). A portrait of Dr. John King, bishop of London, formerly in the collection of Dr. Rawlinson, and engraved by Simon van de Passe, is stated on the engraving to have been painted by Nicholas Lockey, ‘Nicolas Lockey pinx. et fieri curavit.’ As the word ‘pinxit’ seems a later addition to the inscription, it may possibly have been painted by Rowland Lockey, and engraved under the direction of Nicholas Lockey.
[Authorities cited in the text.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lockhart, Philip

​LOCKHART, PHILIP (1690?–1715), Jacobite, brother of George Lockhart [q. v.], author of ‘Memoirs of Scotland,’ and younger son of Sir George Lockhart of Carnwath [q. v.], by Philadelphia, daughter of the fourth Lord Wharton, was born about 1690. At the rebellion in 1715 he commanded a troop raised by his brother's interest and forming the fifth under Viscount Kenmure, whom he joined at Biggar. He was taken prisoner at the battle of Preston on 13 Nov., and having been previously a half-pay officer in Lord Mark Ker's regiment, he was on the 28th condemned to death by a court-martial as a deserter, the sentence being carried out on 2 Dec. His brother states that when about to be shot he declined tying a napkin over his face, and ‘having with great elevation recommended himself to God, he cocked his hat, and calling on them to do their last, he looked death and his murderers in the face, and received the shots that put an end to his days’ (Lockhart Papers, i. 497). Patten, who describes him as ‘a young gentleman of comely appearance and very handsome,’ substantially corroborates Lockhart's statement (History of the Rebellion, 2nd edit. p. 53). A print of him has been published.
[Lockhart Papers; Patten's History of the Rebellion; Noble's Continuation of Granger, iii. 463.]
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lyttelton, Thomas (1596-1650)

​LYTTELTON, Sir THOMAS (1596–1650), royalist, born in 1596, was eldest son of John Lyttelton of Hagley, Worcestershire, by Muriel, daughter of Lord Chancellor Sir Thomas Bromley (Nash, Worcestershire, i. 493). His father, ‘a man,’ according to Bacon, ‘much respected for his wit and valour,’ was implicated in Essex's rebellion in February 1600–1, and, after being convicted of high treason, died in prison. Thomas matriculated at Oxford from Balliol College on 22 June 1610, but supplicated for the B.A. degree on 2 July 1614 as a member of Broadgates Hall (Foster, Alumni Oxon. 1500–1714, iii. 920). In 1612 he became a student of the Inner Temple, being then seated at Frankley, Worcestershire (Cooke, Inner Temple Students, 1547–1660, p. 202). He was knighted at Whitehall in July 1618, and was created a baronet on the 25th of the same month. He represented Worcester in the parliaments of 1621–2, 1624–5, 1625, 1626, and April–May 1640, and in 1640 served as high sheriff for the county (Commons' Journals, ii. 60). Upon the outbreak of the civil war Lyttelton offered to raise a regiment of foot and a troop of horse for the king. Charles I thereupon invited him to a conference at Shrewsbury in September 1642, and appointed him colonel of the Worcestershire horse and foot (Hist. MSS. Comm. 2nd Rep. p. 36). He was taken prisoner at Bewdley in 1644, and was committed to the Tower, from which he was released on bail by Lord Essex's warrant. But on 29 Nov. 1644 the parliament, from fear of his influence in Worcestershire, ordered his recommittal (Commons' Journals, iii. 709). Meanwhile his house at Frankley had been burnt to the ground by Prince Rupert to make it unavailable to the parliamentary forces. On 6 March 1644 parliament resolved that he be fined 4,000l. for his ‘delinquency’ (ib. iii. 674, iv. 72). In June 1646 he was still a prisoner (ib. iv. 337, 572). He died on 22 Feb. 1649–50, and was buried in Worcester Cathedral. By his wife, Katherine, daughter and heiress of Sir Thomas Crompton of Driffield, Yorkshire, and Hounslow, Middlesex, he had twelve sons and four daughters. His widow died at Areley Hall, Worcestershire, which she had built, in 1666, and was buried beside her husband (Nash, i. 499).
The eldest surviving son, Sir Henry Lyttelton (1624–1693), born in 1624, matriculated from Balliol College, Oxford, on 12 Sept. 1640. He joined the royalists, was taken prisoner at the battle of Worcester on 3 Sept. 1651, and was imprisoned in the Tower till April 1653 on a charge of providing arms without license. In 1655 he was nominated high sheriff of Worcestershire so that he might be further impoverished. From February 1677–8 to July 1679 he was M.P. for Lichfield. Dying without issue on 24 June 1693, he was succeeded in the baronetcy by his brother Charles (1629–1716) [q. v.]
[Sharpe's Peerage; Burke's Peerage, 1891, p. 890; Commons' Journals, i. 869.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lyttelton, William Henry (1820-1884)

​LYTTELTON, WILLIAM HENRY (1820–1884), canon of Gloucester, second son of William Henry, third baron Lyttelton [q. v.], born on 3 April 1820, was educated at Winchester School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated M.A. in 1841. Ordained deacon in 1843, and priest in 1844, he held from 1843 to 1845 the curacy of Kettering, Northamptonshire, was instituted to the rectory of Hagley, Worcestershire, in 1847, and appointed honorary canon of Worcester on 4 Nov. 1850. In 1880 he was made canon of Gloucester. He died at Malvern on 24 July 1884. Lyttelton married, first, on 28 Sept. 1854, Emily, youngest daughter of the Right Rev. Henry Pepys, D.D., bishop of Worcester, who died on 12 Sept. 1877; secondly, on 5 Feb. 1880, Constance Ellen, youngest daughter of the Hon. and Very Rev. Grantham Yorke, D.D., dean of Worcester, who survived him.
Besides publishing sundry sermons and addresses, and contributing a chapter on the physical geography and geology of the Clent district to William Harris's ‘Clentine Rambles,’ Stourbridge, 1868, 8vo, Lyttelton edited:
* ‘Forms of Praise and Prayer in the Manner of Offices,’ Oxford, 1869, 8vo.
* ‘Scripture Revelations of the Life of Man after Death, and the Christian Doctrines of Descent into Hell, the Resurrection of the Body, and the Life Everlasting, with Remarks upon Cremation and upon Christian Burial,’ London, 1875, 8vo; 3rd edit. 1876.
* ‘Biblical Studies,’ from the French of F. Godet, ​London, 1875, 1876, 1882, 8vo.
He also published ‘Lectures in Defence of the Christian Faith’ (from the French of F. Godet), Edinburgh, 1881, 8vo, 2nd edit. 1883; and ‘Egypt, Palestine, and Phœnicia, a Visit to Sacred Lands’ (from the French of F. Bovet), London, 1882, 8vo.
[Times, 25 July 1884; Grad. Cant.; Clergy List, 1844–84; Burke's Peerage, ‘Cobham;’ Crockford's Clerical Directory, 1884; Le Neve's Fasti Eccl. Angl. iii. 89; Gent. Mag. 1854, pt. ii. p. 620.]
J. M. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lyttelton, William Henry (1724-1808)

​LYTTELTON, WILLIAM HENRY, first Baron Lyttelton of Frankley of the second creation (1724–1808), born on 24 Dec. 1724, was sixth son of Sir Thomas Lyttelton, bart., by Christian, daughter of Sir Richard Temple, bart., of Stowe, Buckinghamshire. He was educated at Eton College and St. Mary Hall, Oxford, where he matriculated on 22 June 1742, and received the honorary degree of D.C.L. on 23 Nov. 1781. He was called to the bar at the Middle Temple in 1748, and in December of the same year was returned to parliament for Bewdley, Worcestershire, which borough he represented until February 1755, when he vacated the seat on being appointed governor of South Carolina. He sailed in the summer, but, owing to the capture by the French of the ship that carried him and his detention for some time in Brest as a prisoner of war, did not arrive in the colony until the following year. In 1762 he was transferred to Jamaica, which he administered until 1766, when he was sent ambassador to Portugal. Recalled to England in 1771, he re-entered parliament as member for Bewdley in October 1774, and on 29 April 1776 was raised to the peerage of Ireland as Baron Westcote of Balamare, co. Longford, and on 5 June was appointed one of the commissioners of the treasury, but resigned office in March 1782. On the death of his nephew Thomas, second baron Lyttelton [q. v.], in 1779, when the English barony became extinct, he succeeded to the baronetcy and estates, and on 13 Aug. 1794 he was raised to the peerage of Great Britain as Lord Lyttelton, baron of Frankley. He was a friend of Johnson and Mrs. Thrale (Mrs. Piozzi, Autobiog., ed. Hayward, ii. 94). He died at Hagley on 14 Sept. 1808. Lyttelton married twice: first, on 2 June 1761, Mary, eldest daughter of James Macartney of co. Longford; secondly, on 3 Feb. 1774, Caroline, daughter of John Bristow of Quiddenham, Norfolk. A son, George Fulke, by his first wife, and a son, William Henry [q. v.], by his second, in turn succeeded to the title.
Lyttelton is the author of ‘An Historical Account of the Constitution of Jamaica, drawn up in 1764 for the Information of his Majesty's Ministers,’ and published as one of the historical documents prefixed to the new edition of the ‘Jamaica Laws,’ issued in 1792, Sant Jago de la Vega, 4to, and as an appendix to Bryan Edwards's ‘History of the West Indies,’ 1793, i. 238. In 1801 he edited the poetical ‘Miscellanies’ of his old schoolfellow, Anthony Champion [q. v.], and in 1803 printed for private circulation a few ‘Trifles in Verse’ of his own, London, 8vo.
[Foster's Alumni Oxon.; Colonial Office List, 1889, p. 139; Collins's Peerage, viii. 358; Lodge's Peerage of Ireland; Courthope's Historic Peerage; Gent. Mag. 1808, pt. ii. 861; Haydn's Book of Dignities, ed. Ockerby; Foster's Peerage; Return of Members of Parl.; Parl. Hist. xiv. 1094; Add. MSS. 20847 f. 104 et seq. 21643 ff. 54, 63, 32859 f. 18, 32866 f. 227; Martin's Catalogue of privately printed Books, 154; Evans's Portraits, 18,613; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
J. M. R.