OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/blind

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​ blind, adj. ‘blind’ from MidHG. blint(d), ‘blind, dark, murky, hidden, null,’ OHG. blint; comp. the corresponding Goth. blinds, AS. blind, E. blind. An ancient but very remarkable factitive form from this adj., with no parallel str. vb., is blenden (Goth. *blandjan). It is still undecided whether d is an old partic. suffix, like Gr. -τος, Lat. -tus, Sans. -tas; considering the meaning of the word, it might easily be connected with the Sans. root bhram, ‘to move unsteadily’ (partic. bhrântá-s). Yet its kinship with Lith. blandýti, ‘to cast down the eyes,’ blindo, blísti, ‘to grow dark,’ is more probable (comp. OIc. blunda, ‘to close, blink the eyes,’ E. to blunder). — Another word for ‘blind’ in the Aryan group is Lat. caecus, OIr. cáech; Goth. haihs, corresponding to these, means ‘one-eyed.’ It seems, moreover, that in the Aryan languages there were no terms for ‘blind, deaf, lame, dumb,’ and other infirmities, common to all of them; there is only an agreement between two or three languages at most.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/blond

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​ blond, adj., ‘blonde, fair,’ from MidHG. blunt(d), ‘fair,’ which first appears when the Fr. influence began (about 1200 A.D.), and is undoubtedly of Fr. origin. Fr. blond, Ital. biondo, MidLat. blundus, give the impression that these words were borrowed from Teut., especially since other Teut. names of colours have been adopted by Rom. (comp. blau, blank, braun). The earlier periods of OTeut. have, however, no adj. blunda- The connection of MidLat. and Rom. blundo with blind (OIc. blunda) may be possible (comp. Lith. prý-blinde, ‘twilight’), especially as the meaning of the names of colours is variable.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/blutrünstig

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​ blutrünstig, see rünstig.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/blinken

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​ blinken, vb., ‘to gleam, twinkle, blink,’ first occurs in ModHG.; related to blank, blink, adj.; comp. Du. blinken, MidE. blinken, E. to blink. The root may be identical with that of bleichen (blîkan), the i-root becoming nasalised; blinken would then be regarded as a verb of the e class. and blank a secondary form.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/bläuen

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​ bläuen, vb., ‘to beat, drub’; instinctively allied by Germans to blau (blau schlagen, ‘to beat black and blue’). It is based, however, on a str. vb., MidHG. bliuwen, OHG. bliuwan, ‘to beat’; comp. the equiv. AS. *bleówan, whence E. blow; Goth. bliggwan, ‘to beat’ (with an excrescent gg), for bliwan. The root seems to be blu, from bhlu-; it can hardly be related primitively to blau, nor is it possible to derive *bliwan from a root bhliw for bhligw from bhligh (comp. Schnee, Niere), and to compare it with Lat. flîgere.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/blöde

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​ blöde, adj., ‘weak, dim-sighted, imbecile,’ from MidHG. blœde, ‘infirm, weak, tender, timid,’ OHG. blôdi, OSax. blôði, ‘timid.’ Comp. AS. bleáþ, ‘weak,’ OIc. blauþr; Goth. *blauþus, ‘weak, powerless,’ may be inferred from its deriv. wk. vb. blauþjan, ‘to render powerless, invalid, to abolish.’ According to the permutation of consonants, the pre-Teut. form of the adj. may have been bhláutu-s, with the primary meaning ‘powerless, weak.’ Yet the stem cannot be traced farther back. From this word Fr. éblouir, ‘to dazzle,’ is borrowed.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/bloß

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/bloß | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ bloß, adj., ‘bare, destitute, mere,’ from MidHG. blôȥ. ‘exposed, naked’; it corresponds to MidLG. and MidDu. bloot, ‘bare,’ AS. bleát, ‘poor, wretched’ (OIc. blautr, ‘soft, fresh, tender,’ as well as OHG. blôȥ, ‘proud,’ have a divergent meaning). On account of the UpG. and LG. blutt (dial.), Swed. blott, ‘unfledged, uncovered, unclad,’ the origin of Teut. blauto- ‘mere,’ is dubious. Perhaps blöde is a cognate.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/blutt

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/blutt | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ blutt, see blöde.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/liederlich

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​ liederlich, adj., ‘dissolute,’ from MidHG. liederlich, adj., ‘light, pretty, trifling, frivolous’ (not recorded in OHG.). AS. lŷþre, adj., ‘miserable, bad,’ points to *liuþrs. To this is doubtlessly allied lotter- in compounds pointing to a Goth. *ludrs. Probably Gr. ἐλεύθερος, ‘free,’ like the Teut. words, may be traced to a root leuth. Lüderlich for liederlich is a recent form of the adj. connecting it with Luder (MidHG. luoder).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/liefern

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​ liefern, vb., ‘to deliver, furnish, supply,’ first occurs in early ModHG., formed from MidLat. liberare, ‘dare, praebere’ (Fr. livrer).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/lesen

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​ lesen, vb., ‘to gather, glean, read,’ from MidHG. lësen, OHG. lësan, ‘to pick out, pick up, read,’ also ‘to narrate, relate.’ Goth. lisan, galisan, and AS. lesan, simply mean ‘to gather, collect’; from the latter E. to lease is derived. So too in earlier OIc. lesa merely signifies ‘to collect, glean.’ There can be no doubt that this was the prim. meaning of HG. lesen; hence it is probable that the common Teut. lesan, ‘to gather up,’ is connected with Lith. lesù (lèsti), ‘to peck, pick up grains of corn.’ There is no relation between Goth. lisan, ‘to gather,’ and lais, ‘I know,’ laisjan, ‘to teach’ (see lehren, and lernen). The development of the meaning ‘to read’ from ‘to gather’ is indeed analogous to that of Lat. lego and Gr. λέγω, which the HG. significations combine. Yet the state of OTeut. culture affords a finer and wider explanation of lesen, ‘legere’; since the modern term Buchstabe, ‘letter,’ is inherited from OTeut. times, when runic signs were scratched on separate twigs, the gathering of these twigs, which were strewn for purposes of divination, was equiv. to ‘reading (lesen) the runes.’ Hence OTeut. lesan expressed the action described by Tacitus (Germ. 10) as “surculos ter singulos tollit;” in pre-hist. G. it also signified “sublatos secundum impressam ante notam interpretatur.” It is worthy of remark too that the OTeut. dials. have no common term for ‘to read,’ and this proves that the art was not learnt until the Teutons had separated into the different tribes. It is also certain that runic writing was of foreign, probably of Italian origin. The Goth used the expressions siggwan, ussiggwan, ‘to read,’ the Englishman AS. rœ̂dan, E. to read; the former probably signified orig. ‘loud delivery,’ the latter ‘to guess the runic characters.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/lieb

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​ lieb, adj., ‘dear, esteemed,’ from the equiv. MidHG. liep (inflected lieber), OHG. liob (inflected liobêr). It corresponds to Goth. liufs (b), AS. leóf, E. lief, adj., Du. lief, OIc. ljúfr; a common Teut. adj. with the general meaning ‘dear’; it is regularly derived from pre-Teut. *léubho-, which is accurately represented by OSlov. ljubŭ (Aryan root leubh, by gradation lubh). An OAryan adj. for ‘dear’ (Sans. priyá-s) was changed in meaning at an early period in Teut. (see frei) and supplanted by lieb; ModHG. and MidHG. lieben, OHG. liubôn, ‘to love’; to this is allied AS. lufian, E. to love, with a weaker vowel stage of the root (AS. lufu, equiv. to E. love). Since HG. Lob, geloben, erlauben, glauben belong to the same Teut. root lub, by gradation leub (pre-Teut. lubh, leubh), we must assign to the latter a wider meaning, something like ‘pleasure’ and ‘approbation’; Sans. lubh, ‘to demand violently,’ Lat. lŭbens, libens, ‘with pleasure, willingly,’ lŭbet, ‘it pleases, is agreeable,’ lŭbîdo, libîdo, ‘pleasure, longing, desire.’ With these perhaps the common Teut. word lustus, equiv. to Lust, is also connected.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/letzen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/letzen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ letzen, vb., ‘to injure,’ from lętzen, OHG. lęzzen, ‘to check, stop, hinder, damage, hurt’; corresponding to Goth. latjan, galatjan, ‘to stop, check,’ AS. lęttan, E. to let; a common Teut. denominative from the adj. lata-; comp. laß and lassen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/letzt

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/letzt | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ letzt, super. adj., ‘last,’ from the equiv. MidHG. lęst, lęȥȥist, super. of laȥ, adj., ‘faint’; the ModHG. form seems to be due to LG., which must have produced (lętist and lęzt (for lętst). These forms actually occur in the Heliand. In OHG. lęȥȥist, laȥȥôst, AS. lœtma and lœtmest (pointing to a Goth. *latuma, ‘latest’); also AS. latost, E. last. The posit. of these OTeut. superlats. is the OTeut. adject. stem lata- (see laß), lit. ‘lazy, inactive, dilatory’; letzter orig. means ‘most dilatory, latest’ (comp. AS. and E. late). In the phrase zu guter Leztz, ‘for the last time, finally,’ the noun is a corruption of Letz, which is connected with MidHG. lętzen, ‘to end, take one's leave, take refreshment,’ mentioned under letzen, hence the expression meant orig. ‘as a choice farewell-banquet.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/licht

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​ licht, adj., ‘light, luminous,’ from MidHG. lieht, OHG. lioht, adj., ‘bright, radiant, shining’; corresponding to AS. leóht, E. light, adj.; Goth. *liuhts, ‘bright,’ may be inferred from its derivative liuhtan, ‘to give light’ (see leuchten). It is questionable whether the dental licht is of particip. origin. as in alt, falt, laut, &c.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/leuchten

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​ leuchten, vb., from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. liuhten, ‘to shine, give light,’ corresponding to Goth. liuhtjan, ‘to shine, give light’; an OTeut. denominative from the adj. liuhta-, ‘light’; leuchten meant lit. ‘to be light, bright.’ Comp. licht.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/lichten

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/lichten | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ lichten, vb., ‘to lighten, weigh (anchor),’ ModHG. only; MidHG. lüften, ‘to raise aloft, lift up, air,’ as well as E. to lift, are unconnected with this word. Lichten, as a nautical term, is borrowed from LG. lichten, lit. ‘to make light,’ then ‘to lift up.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/liegen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/liegen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ liegen, vb., ‘to lie, be situated,’ from the equiv. MidHG. ligen, licken, OHG. licken, ligen, str. vb.; corresponding to Du. liggen, AS. ličǧan, E. to lie (ligjan, lag, legans, was the orig. gradation, but Goth. ligan in the pres.); the common Teut. vb. for liegen, which has numerous cognates in Aryan (root legh). Comp. Gr. λέκτρον, λέχος, n., ‘bed,’ ἄλοχος, ‘bed-fellow, wife,’ also λεχώ, ‘woman in childbed,’ λοχέω, ‘to give birth to’; λόχος, ‘lying in wait, ​bush,’ also ‘lying-in, childbirth, In Gr. epic poets aorist forms of a verb formed from a root legh, λεχ, have been preserved, λέκτο, λέξατο, &c., with the meaning ‘to lie down, encamp.’ The vb. is also wanting in Lat., where, however, lectus, ‘bed,’ a derivative of the root legh, is retained. OSlov. lęgą (lešti), ‘to lie down,’ lezą (ležati), ‘to lie.’ In East Aryan the root is unknown. Comp. legen, Lager, and löschen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Nichte

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Nichte. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Nichte, feminine, ‘niece,’ Modern High German only (unknown to Upper German dialects in which Base is used), from Low German nicht, in Middle High German niftel, Old High German niftila, feminine (diminutive of Old High German nift); compare Anglo-Saxon nift, Old Icelandic nipt. These are feminine forms of Neffe, pointing to Gothic *nifti, pre-Teutonic neptî, feminine, from nepôt, masculine. The meaning of Nichte fluctuates as in the case of Neffe; Middle High German niftel, ‘niece, mother's sister, first cousin,’ Old Icelandic nipt, ‘sister’s daughter, niece,’ Old High German nift, ‘neptis privigna.’ Compare also Latin neptis, ‘granddaughter,’ with nepos; Sanscrit naptî, feminine, ‘daughter, granddaughter,’ with nâpât.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Nickel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Nickel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Nickel, masculine and neuter, ‘nickel,’ Modern High German only, from the equivalent Swedish nickel.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Niet

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Niet. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Niet, neuter, from the equivalent Middle High German niet, masculine and feminine, ‘bolt’; Old High German *hniot is not recorded with this sense. The word is connected with Old High German hniotan, ‘to fasten,’ Old Icelandic hnjóða, verb, ‘to strike, hammer, fix firmly’; the Teutonic root hnud, pre-Teutonic knut, has not yet been found in other languages.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Niete

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Niete. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Niete, feminine, ‘blank (in a lottery)’; “adopted in the first half of the 18th century after the introduction of lotteries in the Dutch fashion, from the equivalent Dutch niet, masculine and neuter, ‘nothing, nought,’ the gender of which was changed to feminine; the Dutch word exactly corresponded originally to Modern High German nichts, nicht.” See the latter words.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Netz

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Netz. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Netz, neuter, ‘net,’ from the equivalent Middle High German nętze, Old High German nęzzi, neuter; corresponding to Old Saxon nęt (and nętti), neuter, Dutch, Anglo-Saxon, and English net, Gothic nati, Old Icelandic net, neuter, ‘net’; a common Teutonic term, to which the graded Scandinavian nȯt, ‘large net,’ is allied. The etymology is obscure; it is scarcely allied to naß, Teutonic *nata-; it is rather connected with Nessel, with which it may be based on a pre-Teutonic root nū̆d, ‘to sew, knit.’ Compare also Latin nassa, ‘creel, net.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Niere

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Niere. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Niere, feminine, ‘kidney,’ from the equivalent Middle High German nier, niere, Old High German nioro, masculine (Old High German also ‘testicle’); corresponding to Dutch nier, feminine, Middle English and Middle Low German nêre (to which are allied English kidney, Middle English kidenêre, from Anglo-Saxon *cȳ̆dneóre, *cȳ̆dneóra?, ‘kidney’; in Scandinavian nýra, ‘kidney,’ with i- mutation. If the latter indicates Gothic *niuzô, neuter, the Teutonic class has no further cognates; but if we are to assume Gothic *niurô, niurjô, corresponding forms may be found in the other Aryan languages, which have numerous terms for parts of the body in common with Teutonic; Gothic *niurô for *niwrô, *negwrô, from Pre-Teutonic *neghrôn, which is represented in Greek by an equivalent γεφρός, ‘kidney, testicle’ (φ for gh); akin further to Latin nefrones. With regard to Gothic *niu- for *niw-, *nigw-, see Au.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Nieswurz

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Nieswurz. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Nieswurz, masculine, ‘hellebore,’ from the equivalent Middle High German nieswurz, feminine; akin to the preceding word. The name is due to the fact that the pulverised root has been used from the earliest times to produce sneezing.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Niednagel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Niednagel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Niednagel, Neidnagel, masculine, see Niet.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Niftel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Niftel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Niftel, feminine, see Nichte.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Nießbrauch

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Nießbrauch. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Nießbrauch, masculine, ‘usufruct,’ allied to nießen; see genießen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/brechen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/brechen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ brechen, vb., ‘to break,’ from the equiv. MidHG. brëchen, OHG. brëhhan; comp. the corresponding Goth. brikan, OLG. and AS. brecan, E. to break, Du. breken, ‘to break.’ From a root brek common to Teut., which is derived from pre-Teut. bhreg; comp. Lat. frangere, the nasal of which is wanting in frêg-i. The ModHG. Brachfeld, Bruch, Brocken, are formed by gradation from the same root.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/breit

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/breit | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ breit, adj., ‘broad, wide,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. breit; it corresponds to OSax. brêd, Du. breed, AS. brâd, E. broad, Goth. braiþs, ‘broad.’ Probably from pre-Teut. mraitó-, akin to the root mrit preserved in Sans., ‘to fall to pieces’ (properly ‘to extend’?).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/brausen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/brausen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ brausen, vb., ‘to roar, bluster,’ from the equiv. MidHG.; comp. Du. bruisen, ‘to bluster,’ from bruis, ‘foam, froth’; to this Brause, f., ‘watering-pot,’ also belongs.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/braten

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/braten | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ braten, vb., ‘to roast, broil, fry,’ from the equiv. MidHG. brâten, OHG. brâtan; comp. Du. braden, AS. brœ̂dan, ‘to roast’; a Goth. str. vb. *brêdan is to be assumed. The root may have been a pre-Teut. bhrêdh or bhrêt; in support of the latter we may perhaps adduce OHG. brâdam, quoted under Brodem. Brüten (Goth. *brôdjan) might also be assigned to the same root. The pre-Teut. bhrêdh is also indicated by Gr. πρήθω (if it stands for φρήθω?), ‘to consume, set on fire’ (chiefly in combination with πυρί). See also Wildpret.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/brauchen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/brauchen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ brauchen, vb., ‘to use, need, want, require,’ from the equiv. MidHG. brûchen, OHG. brûhhan; comp. the corresponding AS. brûcan, ‘to enjoy,’ also ‘to digest, tolerate,’ E. to brook; Goth. *brûkjan, ‘to use, enjoy.’ Not found orig. in Scand. The pre-Teut. form of the root bhrū̆g accords with Lat. fruor, which originated in *fruvor for *frugvor; the Lat. partic. fructus, which phonetically is identical with gebraucht and Goth. brûhts, shows the final guttural of the root, and so does Lat. fruges, &c. The following are Teut. noun forms from the root brûk (bhrûg): ModHG. Brauch, m. (comp. OHG. brûh), Goth. brûks, AS. brŷce, OHG. brûchi, ‘serviceable, useful.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/braun

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/braun | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ braun, adj., ‘brown,’ from MidHG. brûn, ‘brown, dark-coloured, shining, sparkling,’ OHG. brûn; comp. the corresponding Du. bruin, AS. brûn, E. brown, OIc. brúnn. This Teut. term passed into Rom. (comp. the cognates of Ital. bruno, Fr. brun; see Blond); hence also Lith. brunas, ‘brown.’ The proper stem of Aryan bhr-ûna-, appears in Lith. beras, ‘brown’ (comp. Bär), and reduplicated in OInd. babhrú-s, ‘reddish brown, bay’ (this form of the adj. being apparently a common Aryan term for a brownish mammal living in water; comp. Biber); hence it may be right to assign Gr. φρύνη, φρῦνος, ‘toad,’ to this root. Respecting Braun as a name for the bear, see Bär. —