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# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 1:9

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# A Complete Course in Dressmaking/Lesson 9/Making infants' clothes

LESSON IX
MAKING INFANTS' CLOTHES
The most delightful of all sewing is the making of these wee garments for an infant. Aside from the tender, loving thoughts sewn into each tiny article, there is the pleasure of feeling the softness of the goods and the daintiness of the texture. The tiny seams are quickly done and each fine bit of work or fancy stitchery shows exquisitely. In the larger garments much of the lovely effect of the delicate and intricate work is lost but in an infant's frock or bit of lingerie every stitch has a telling effect.
The knowledge gained in the earlier Lessons will be used again in making these adorable little things. All the fine points of making undergarments will be employed over and over again. Each Lesson proves itself the foundation of all the succeeding ones. If you have studied conscientiously the earlier Lessons, that information combined with the ​details given in this new one should cause the work to go like magic.
This dainty making of baby's things is much like fancy work with all its enjoyment. Once the tiny garment has been planned and cut the work can be taken up at odd moments for the finishing as you would when embroidering a centerpiece or doily.
Studies are contained in this Lesson which will serve as a foundation for the coming Lessons in making other garments for yourself or the older children.
As young mothers do not like to handle the new baby very much, the little garments should be very simple in construction and most easy to slip on and off. This is very much better for the baby, too. An infant should have as much repose as possible and every interruption of its daily schedule or struggle with its tiny belongings is just so much more excitement to its delicate system.
The list given below is amply sufficient as with the wiser new methods of child training the baby goes into short clothes at the end of six months. Occasionally this change may be delayed a month or two if the end of that period occurs in the mid-winter and the rooms are drafty. However, the sooner the short garments can be donned the better for the growing youngster.
​Years ago babies were done up in swaddling clothes. The poor little legs had no chance to move around and gain the healthful exercise necessary. Fortunately that type of mistake has vanished even in the foreign countries which are so slow to adopt new ideas in the freedom of living. After this idea was discarded the extremely long robes with the equally long undergarments were still in fashion and yards of material and lace went to make up the little garments so soon discarded or laid aside for the next comer. Now the royal baby of the household, for each one rules until supplanted, wears shorter and more sensible garments. Some little dresses are as short as twenty-seven inches, and they certainly make a happier, healthier baby than flowing robes.
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# A Complete Course in Dressmaking/Lesson 6/Test questions

TEST QUESTIONS
When you feel that you have thoroughly mastered DRESSES, write out the answers to the following questions:
What is the proper way to stitch with heavy embroidery cotton on a sewing machine?
What is quilling?
​What is the proper way to cut fur?
How can you prevent a straight hanging dress from poking out in the front?
How can you do away with a dart at the shoulder of a dress and still have it fit nicely?
What is a practical way of making a waist blouse over the waistline?
Is a straight gathered skirt shaped at the top?
How do you locate the dart in basque waist?
Should a basque waist fit tightly?
Compare your answers with the lesson. It will help you to review the work. When you study the lesson on Pattern Making, compare carefully with this lesson. One will help you with the other.
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# A Complete Course in Dressmaking/Lesson 9

A COMPLETE COURSE IN
DRESSMAKING
BY
ISABEL DeNYSE CONOVER
LESSON IX
MAKING INFANTS' CLOTHES
NEW YORK
EDWARD J. CLODE
COPYRIGHT, 1921, 1922, BY EDWARD J. CLODE
Entered at Stationers’ Hall
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
* Making infants' clothes
* A complete layette
* Stitchery for infants' clothes
Layout 2
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1968, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 55 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
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# 1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Spiritualism

See also Spiritualism on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​SPIRITUALISM: see psychical research.
# 1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Stolypin, Peter Arcadevich

See also Pyotr Stolypin on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​STOLYPIN, PETER ARCADEVICH (1863-1911), Russian statesman, was born in 1863, the son of Admiral Stolypin by his wife, a princess of the house of Gorchakov. He was educated at the university of St. Petersburg, and in 1884 entered the Government service. In 1902 he was appointed governor of Grodno, and in 1905 was transferred to Saratov, where he became known as a firm administrator. In 1906 he was recalled to take up the position of Minister of Internal Affairs, and in July of the same year succeeded Goremykin as Minister President. His career as Premier is described in the article RUSSIA. His firm and repressive policy toward all kinds of sedition caused him to be regarded as a deadly enemy by the revolutionary party, and many attempts upon his life were made. In Aug. 1906 a bomb was exploded at his summer residence, which seriously injured one of his daughters, but all efforts to kill him proved vain until 1911, when he was shot in a theatre at Kiev on Sept. 14, before the eyes of the Imperial family, by a Jew named Mordka Bogrov. The minister died of his wounds Sept. 18 1911.
# 1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/St. Mihiel, Battle of

See also Battle of Saint-Mihiel on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ST. MIHIEL, BATTLE OF: see Woëvre, Battles in the, section 2.
# 1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Story-Maskelyne, Mervyn Herbert Nevil

See also Nevil Story Maskelyne on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​STORY-MASKELYNE, MERVYN HERBERT NEVIL (1823–1911), English mineralogist, was born hear Wroughton, Wilts, Sept. 3 1823; he was descended on the mother’s side from Nevil Maskelyne, the Astronomer Royal. He was educated at Bruton grammar school and Wadham College, Oxford, and studied for the bar, but in 1850 was invited to deliver lectures at Oxford on minerals, where he stipulated for a chemical laboratory, then a complete novelty in the university. He was prominent in the struggle over the proposal to erect a museum of science and in 1856 became professor of mineralogy with a laboratory in the new museum; but from 1857 he combined the work with the keepership of the minerals at the British Museum and resided in London. In 1880 he resigned this post, but retained his Oxford professorship until 1895. He had inherited a Wiltshire estate from his father, and in 1880 he entered Parliament as Liberal member for Cricklade. In 1885 he was reelected for N. Wilts as a Liberal Unionist and sat until 1892. He studied especially crystallography, meteorites and gem-stones, and was the author of many scientific papers, and of a book On the Morphology of Crystals. He also possessed a valuable collection of antique gems. He died at Bass Down, near Swindon, May 20 1911.
# 1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Spiers, Richard Phené

See also Richard Phené Spiers on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
SPIERS, RICHARD PHENÉ (1838-1916), English architect and author. Phené Spiers occupied a unique position amongst the English architects of the latter half of the 19th century, his long mastership of the architectural school at the Royal Academy having given him the opportunity of moulding and shaping the minds of more than a generation of students. He was educated in the engineering department of King's College, London, and proceeded thence to the atelier Questel of the École des Beaux-Arts, Paris, for upwards of three years, a method of study rare for an architectural student in those days. On his return he won the gold medal and travelling scholarship of the Royal Academy, and in 1865 the Soane medal of the R.I.B.A. In 1871, after he had worked in the offices of Sir Digby Wyatt and William Burges, he gained second premium with a spirited design (showing a good deal of the Neo-Grec feeling consequent on his French training) for the new Criterion building, London. His work of about this period included Lord Monkswell's house, Chelsea. Phené Spiers travelled in France, Spain, Egypt, Syria and the East, and besides his record of more purely architectural data, he made many water-colour sketches showing much talent and facility. He was a frequent exhibitor at various galleries, and a good specimen of his art — the loggia at Hampton Court — is in the Victoria and Albert museum. His works and publications were many, and covered a wide ground. Amongst them are his new edition of James Fergusson's History of Architecture and the further volumes on Indian and Eastern art; Architectural Drawing; The Architecture of Greece and Rome (conjointly with the late W. J. Anderson); The Mosque at Damascus; and the articles on Persian and Roman Architecture in Dr. Russell Sturgis's Dictionary of Architecture, besides an edition of Pugin's Normandy. For the E.B. Spiers wrote most of the articles dealing with architecture. The position to which his erudition and ability entitled him was fully recognized in other countries as well as his own, as is shown by his election to membership of many foreign societies in France, Spain and America. He died in London Oct. 3 1916.
# 1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/St. Pierre and Miquelon

See also Saint Pierre and Miquelon on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ST. PIERRE and MIQUELON (see 24.41).—During the early years of the decade 1910–20 this little French colony suffered severely as a result of unprofitable fisheries, and large numbers of its people emigrated to Nova Scotia and Quebec. After the World War began in 1914 the French draft law called all the male inhabitants of conscript age to France where they took part in various services. As their withdrawal crippled the fisheries, which could not be prosecuted by the older people and the women and children, the survivors were returned as speedily as possible and ordinary operations were resumed. But during the decade, also, the use of the steam trawlers in the fisheries was on the increase, displacing the wooden sailing vessels previously employed, and this also lessened the number of those finding steady employment. However, during the later years of the war, with fish increasing in value, the colony became very prosperous, and after the Armistice the French Government decided to build a large refrigerating plant, costing about £1,000,000 at St. Pierre for the treatment of cod and other fishes. The financial success of this project was doubted by many, but this deep-sea fishery was being supported by France as a training school of men for its navy, and for the same reason generous bounties are given on all the fish caught. The pop. was in 1920 about 4,500, but the prosperity of the little community was impaired by the difficulties of exchange.
# A Complete Catechism of the Catholic Religion/Sixth Article

The Sixth Article.
'He ascended into Heaven, sitteth at the right hand of God the Father Almighty.'
(See Short Hist, of Revealed Religion, 27.)
1. What is meant by 'He ascended into Heaven?
That Jesus Christ, by His own power, with soul and body, went up into Heaven. (Feast of the Ascension of our Lord.)
2. Did Christ ascend alone into Heaven?
No; He took also with Him into Heaven the souls of the just whom He had liberated from Limbo.
'Ascending on high, He led captivity captive' (Eph. iv. 8).
3. For what purpose did Christ ascend into Heaven?
1. To take possession of His glory as conqueror of death and hell (Phil. ii. 8-11). 2. To be our Mediator and Advocate with His Father (Hebr. ix. 24). 3. To send the Holy Ghost to His Disciples (John xvi. 7); and 4. To open Heaven, and to prepare a place for us also (John xiv. 2).
4. What means, 'Sitteth at the right hand of God'?
It means that Christ, as man also, is exalted above all created things, and participates in the power and glory of the Divine Majesty.
'He hath raised Him up from the dead, and set Him on His right hand in the heavenly places, above all principality, and power, and virtue, and dominion, and every name that is named, not only in this world, but also in that which is to come. And He hath subjected all things under His feet, and hath made Him Head over all the Church' (Eph. i. 20-22).
5. Is Christ, then, not present in all places?
As God He is everywhere; but as God-Man He is only in Heaven, and in the Holy Eucharist.
​Application. Consider frequently, especially in your troubles and temptations, that we 'are pilgrims and strangers on the earth,' and that our true country is Heaven, whither Christ has gone to prepare a place for you also. 'Be therefore not wearied, fainting in your minds,' but 'look on Jesus, who endured the cross, and now sitteth on the right hand of the throne of God' (Hebr. xi. 13, and xii. 2, 3).
# A Complete Catechism of the Catholic Religion/Tenth Article

The Tenth Article.
'The Forgiveness of Sins.'
I. What does the Tenth Article of the Creed teach us?
That in the Catholic Church we can receive, through the merits of Jesus Christ, forgiveness of sins and of the punishment due to them.
​'Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, in whom we have redemption through His blood, the remission of sins, according to the riches of His grace' (Eph. i. 3, 7).
2. What sins can be forgiven in the Catholic Church?
All sins without exception.
3. What must the sinner do in order to obtain forgiveness of his sins?
1. He must truly repent; for Christ says, 'Unless you shall do penance, you shall all perish' (Luke xiii. 3); and 2. He must worthily receive the Sacraments instituted by Christ for the remission of sins.
4. Which Sacraments were instituted by Christ for the remission of sins?
The Sacraments of Baptism and Penance.
5. Who has power to forgive sins in the Sacrament of Penance?
The Bishops of the Catholic Church and the Priests commissioned by them; for it was to them only that Christ said, ' Whose sins you shall forgive, they are forgiven them' (John xx. 23).
Application. Give hearty thanks to God for having promised you forgiveness of your sins, and go willingly and frequently to confession; but first prepare yourself well for it, that it may be said to you also, ' Be of good heart, son, thy sins are forgiven thee' (Matt. ix. 2).
# A Complete Collection of the English Poems which have obtained the Chancellor's Gold Medal in the University of Cambridge

THE CHANCELLOR'S GOLD MEDAL.
A COMPLETE COLLECTION
OF THE
ENGLISH POEMS
WHICH HAVE OBTAINED
THE CHANCELLOR'S GOLD MEDAL
IN THE
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE.
NEW AND ENLARGED EDITION.
Cambridge:
MACMILLAN AND CO.
AND 23, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON.
1859.
CAMBRIDGE: PRINTED BY W. METCALFE, TRINITY STREET, CORNER OF GREEN STREET.
To
His Royal Highness
The Prince Consort,
Chancellor of the University of Cambridge,
These Poems
are,
by permission,
most respectfully
Dedicated.
ADVERTISEMENT.
In presenting to the public a complete and thoroughly revised Edition of the Cambridge Prize Poems from 1813 to 1858 inclusive, the publisher has much pleasure in acknowledging the valuable assistance which he has received from many of the Authors, who have corrected and revised their productions.
As these Poems comprise the early efforts of many whose names are now the chief ornaments of the University, and who have since distinguished themselves in various branches of Literature and Science, they will be read with great interest by those now placed in the position which these illustrious men once occupied, and it is hoped the general excellence of the work as a whole will make it an acceptable souvenir of their alma mater.
Cambridge,
1st October, 1858.
CHANCELLOR'S ENGLISH MEDALLISTS.
His Royal Highness William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester, formerly Chancellor of this University, gave annually a Gold Medal, to be conferred upon a resident Undergraduate, who should compose in English the best Ode or best Poem in Heroic Verse.
This prize was given yearly by the late Chancellor, the Marquess Camden, and is continued by His Royal Highness the Prince Consort.
The subject is given out by the Vice-Chancellor at the end of the Michaelmas Term. The Exercises must be sent in to him on or before the 31st of March following, and must not exceed two hundred lines. Each candidate is to send his exercise privately, with some motto prefixed; to be accompanied by a paper sealed up, with the same motto on the outside, which paper is to enclose another, folded up, having the candidate's name and college written within. The papers containing the names of those persons who do not succeed are destroyed unopened. No prize given to any exercise which is written, wholly, or in part (or of which the title, motto, superscription, address, &c., are written), in the hand-writing of the candidate; nor to any one who has not, at the time for sending in the exercises, resided one term at least. Candidates are at liberty to send in their exercise printed or lithographed. On Commencement-day the successful candidate recites his Poem in the Senate-House. The Examiners are the same as for the Classical Medals.
CONTENTS.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
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# A Complete Catechism of the Catholic Religion/Recapitulation

RECAPITULATION
1. 'Our Religion is Divine.'
This is proved by her History from the Creation of the world to the present time; viz., by her age, her Founder, her propagation, her duration, her blessings, and fruits, etc. (See Short History of Revealed Religion.)
2. 'This our Divine Religion teaches.'
That we are in this world in order that we may serve God in this life, and be eternally happy with Him hereafter in Heaven. (See Introduction, pp. 71 and 72.)
For this end we must,
1. Believe all that God has revealed (Part I.).
2. Keep all the Commandments which God has given us either Himself or through His Church; consequently, also avoid Sin, by which the Divine Command is broken, and strive to lead a virtuous life (Part II.).
3. But this we cannot do without the grace of God. Therefore we must also make use of the Means of Grace which God has ordained; namely, the Sacraments and Prayer (Part III.).
THE END.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/William Ker

See also Marquess of Lothian on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
Wikipedia article
​ William Ker (c. 1605–1675), who thus became 3rd earl of Lothian, signed the Scottish national covenant in 1638 and marched with the Scots into England in 1640, being present when the English were routed at Newburn, after which he became governor of Newcastle-on-Tyne. During the Civil War he was ​prominent rather as a politician than as a soldier; he became a Scottish secretary of state in 1649, and was one of the commissioners who visited Charles II. at Breda in 1650. He died at Newbattle Abbey, near Edinburgh, in October 1675. William’s eldest son Robert, the 4th earl (1636–1703), supported the Revolution of 1688 and served William III. in several capacities; he became 3rd earl of Ancrum on the death of his uncle Charles in 1690, and was created marquess of Lothian in 1701. His eldest son William, the 2nd marquess (c. 1662–1722), who had been a Scottish peer as Lord Jedburgh since 1692, was a supporter of the union with England. His son William, the 3rd marquess (c. 1690–1767), was the father of William Henry, the 4th marquess, who was wounded at Fontenoy and was present at Culloden. He was a member of parliament for some years and had reached the rank of general in the army when he died at Bath on the 12th of April 1775. His grandson William, the 6th marquess (1763–1824), married Henrietta (1762–1805), daughter and heiress of John Hobart, 2nd earl of Buckinghamshire, thus bringing Blickling Hall and the Norfolk estates of the Hobarts into the Kerr family. In 1821 he was created a peer of the United Kingdom as Baron Ker and he died on the 27th of April 1824. In 1900 Robert Schomberg Kerr (b. 1874) succeeded his father, Schomberg Henry, the 9th marquess (1833–1900), as 10th marquess of Lothian.