OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bardolf, Hugh

​BARDOLF, HUGH (d. 1203), justiciar of the Curia Regis, is presumed to have been son of William Bardolf (sheriff of Norfolk 16–21 Hen. II), and first appears in attendance on the court at Chinon, 5 April 1181, where he tests a charter as ‘Dapifer’ (Mon. Ang. vii. 1097), a post which he retained till the end of the reign (1189). He held pleas in Worcestershire (1187), and acted as an itinerant justice (1184–9). He also sat in the Curia Regis, and acted as sheriff of Cornwall (1185–7), and Wilts (1188), and was associated in the charge of the kingdom on Henry's departure for France in 1188 (Matt. Paris). At the accession of Richard I he was sheriff of Somerset and Dorset, and a justice itinerant, and was associated in the justiciarship with the bishops of Durham (Puiset) and Ely (Longchamp), when the king went on the crusade (December 1189), but was one of Richard's sureties at Messina in November 1190 (Rog. Hov. iii. 28, 62), having probably quarrelled with Longchamp. In the possibly spurious letter of February 1191 he was associated with Walter of Coutances in the commission that was to supplant Longchamp (ib. p. 96). Returning accordingly, he was among those excommunicated by Longchamp, but was specially offered pardon if he would surrender Scarborough and his counties of Yorkshire and Westmoreland (ib. p. 154). In 1193, as ‘justitiarius regis’ and sheriff of Yorkshire, he assisted the archbishop of York to fortify Doncaster for Richard, but refusing, as John's vassal, to besiege Tickhill, was denounced as a traitor (ib. 206), and on Richard's return (March 1194) was dismissed from his post (ib. p. 241); but was at once transferred to Northumberland, and ordered to take it over from the bishop of Durham (Puiset), and, on his resistance, to seize it (July 1194). At Puiset's death (March 1195) the castles of Norham and Durham were surrendered to him (ib. pp. 249, 261, 285), and, remaining faithful to Richard, he retained his counties (Northumberland and Cumberland) till John's accession (1199). From John he received the counties of Nottingham and Derby and the custody of Tickhill Castle. He continued to act as an itinerant justice and to sit in the Curia Regis till his death in 1203 (Ann. Wav. p. 255). He appears from the rolls to have acted as a baron of the exchequer in all three reigns.
J. H. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bardolf, William

1904 Errata appended.
​BARDOLF, WILLIAM (d. 1275–6), baronial leader, was lord of Wirmgay, Norfolk, in right of his mother, daughter and heiress of William de Warrenne. In 1243 he had livery of his lands, and in 1258, in the parliament of Oxford, was elected one of the twelve baronial members of the council of twenty-four appointed to reform the realm (Ann. Burt.) By the Provisions of Oxford he was made constable of Nottingham (ib.), and was among those offered pardon by the king, 7 Dec. 1261 (Fœdera). Adhering to the barons, he became one of their sureties for observing the Mise of Amiens (13 Dec. 1263), and was again entrusted by them with Nottingham (Wykes; Pat. 47 H. III, m. 6), but surrendered it to the king after his victory at Northampton (13 April 1264), and joining him, was taken prisoner by the barons at Lewes (14 May 1264). He died about 1275, his son having livery of his lands in the fourth year of Edward I's reign (Fin. 4 Ed. I, m. 4).
J. H. R.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.15 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bardwell, Thomas

​BARDWELL, THOMAS (d. 1780?), portrait painter, is known chiefly as a copyist. He painted a picture of ‘Dr. Ward relieving his sick and lame patients,’ which is libellously described by one authority (Hobbes) as a painting of a ‘quack doctor.’ This same Dr. Ward is caricatured by Hogarth. This picture was engraved (1748–9) probably by Baron. There is also a mezzotint by Faber after a portrait by Bardwell of Admiral Vernon. At Oxford, in the university galleries, there are portraits by him of the Earl and Countess of Pomfret. In 1756 he published the ‘Practice of Painting and Perspective made Easy.’ This work was well thought of in its day. Mr. Edwards thinks, however, that in so far as it treats of perspective, it is a snare and delusion. A pirated edition, omitting the perspective, appeared in 1795. Bardwell died about 1780.
E. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bardney, Richard of

​BARDNEY, RICHARD of (fl. 1503), a Benedictine of Bardney, Lincolnshire, was educated at Oxford, where he took the degree of bachelor of divinity. In 1503 he wrote in verse ‘Vita Roberti Grosthed quondam Episcopi Lincolniensis,’ a work of little or no value, which he dedicated to William Smith, then bishop of Lincoln. He also wrote ‘Historia S. Hugonis Martyris.’ ‘The Life of Robert Grosstête’ is printed with some omissions in Wharton's Anglia Sacra,’ vol. ii.
W. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bardsley, James Lomax

​BARDSLEY, Sir JAMES LOMAX, M.D. (1801–1876), physician, was born at Nottingham on 7 July, 1801. His professional education was gained first under the direction of his uncle, Dr. Samuel Argent Bardsley, and subsequently at the Glasgow and Edinburgh universities. From the latter university he received the diploma of M.D. in 1823. While a student at Edinburgh he was elected president of the Royal Medical Society. In 1823 he settled in Manchester, and was appointed one of the physicians of the Manchester Infirmary, an office which he held until 1843. He was associated with Mr. Thomas Turner in the management of the Manchester Royal School of Medicine and Surgery, and took an active part in the early proceedings of the British Medical Association. In 1834 he became president of the Manchester Medical Society, and in 1850 a ​similar position in the Manchester Medico-Ethical Association was given to him. The honour of knighthood was bestowed on him as a distinguished provincial physician in August 1853. Dr. Bardsley published a volume of ‘Hospital Facts and Observations’ in 1830, wrote the articles on diabetes and hydrophobia in the ‘Cyclopædia of Practical Medicine’ (1833), and made other contributions to medical science, including the retrospective address in medicine at the annual meeting of the British Medical Association in 1837. He died at Manchester 10 July 1876.
C. W. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bardsley, Samuel Argent

​BARDSLEY, SAMUEL ARGENT, M.D. (1764–1851), physician, was born at Kelvedon, Essex, on 27 April 1764. His medical studies were begun at Nottingham, where he passed an apprenticeship to a surgeon, and followed up at London, Edinburgh, and Leyden. He was entered of the Leyden University in August 1786, and graduated there in 1789. After passing a short time at Doncaster he removed to Manchester in 1790, and was elected physician to the Manchester Infirmary, a position he retained until August 1823, gaining during the thirty-three years great esteem as ‘the very model of an hospital physician.’ He relinquished his professional ‘practice’ many years before his death, which occurred on 29 May, 1851, while on a visit to a friend near Hastings. He was buried at St. Saviour's Church, Manchester. Dr. Bardsley published in 1800 ‘Critical Remarks on the Tragedy of Pizarro, with Observations on the subject of the Drama;’ and in 1807 a volume of ‘Medical Reports of Cases and Experiments, with Observations chiefly derived from Hospital practice; also an Enquiry into the Origin of Canine Madness.’ To the ‘Memoirs’ of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester, of which he was a vice-president, he contributed in 1798 a paper on ‘Party Prejudice,’ and in 1803 one on ‘The Use and Abuse of Popular Sports and Exercises.’
C. W. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barenger, James

​BARENGER, JAMES (1780–1831), animal painter, was born 25 Dec. 1780. He was the son of J. Barenger, a chaser, who exhibited water-colour drawings of insects at the Royal Academy between the years 1793 and 1799, and died in 1813, and he was on his mother's side a nephew of William Woollett, the eminent engraver. He obtained some celebrity as a painter of racehorses, dogs, deer, and other animals, which he exhibited at the Royal Academy from 1807 to 1831, in which year he died.
R. E. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Baret, John

​BARET or BARRET, JOHN (d. 1580?), lexicographer, was a fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and took the degree of B.A. in 1554–5, and that of M.A. in 1558. About 1555 he describes himself as ‘having pupils at Cambridge, studious of the Latin tongue.’ In later years he is said to have travelled abroad, and to have taught in London. He received the degree of M.D. at Cambridge in 1577, but there is no evidence that he ever practised medicine. Baret died before the close of 1580, but the exact date is uncertain.
Baret published, about 1574, a dictionary of the English, Latin, and French languages, with occasional illustrations from the Greek. It was called ‘An Alvearie, or Triple Dictionarie in English, Latin, and French,’ and was dedicated to William Cecil, Lord Burghley, the chancellor of Cambridge University. The date, 2 Feb. 1573–4, appears among the ​introductory pages, but not on the title-page. The materials for the volume were gradually collected during eighteen years by Baret's many pupils, and he entitled it, on that account, an ‘Alvearie,’ or beehive. Every English word is first explained, and its equivalent given in Latin and French. Two indexes at the end of the volume collect the Latin and French words occurring in the text. The expenses of publication were mainly borne by Sir Thomas Smith, ‘principall secretarie to the queenes majestie,’ and ‘Maister Nowell, deane of Pawles’ (Ralph Churton, Life of Alexander Nowell, p. 220). Latin, Greek, and English verses in praise of the compiler and his work were prefixed to the book, among the writers being Richard Mulcaster and Arthur Golding. A second edition of the dictionary, in which Greek took almost as important a place as the other languages, was published shortly after Baret's death, and bore the date 2 Jan. 1580–1. A lengthy poem ‘to the reader,’ signed ‘Tho. M.,’ laments the recent death of the author, and new Latin elegiacs are added by Mulcaster. The title of the book in its final form runs: ‘An Alvearie, or quadruple Dictionarie containing foure sundrie tongues, namely, English, Latine, Greeke, and Frenche, newlie enriched with varietie of wordes, phrases, proverbs, and divers lightsome observations of Grammar.’ Baret's dictionary is still of great service in enabling us to trace the meaning of Elizabethan words and phrases that are now obsolete.
S. L. L.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Anson, Hon. Augustus Henry Archibald

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​ANSON, HON. AUGUSTUS HENRY ARCHIBALD (1835–77)
Younger brother of the Earl of Lichfield : born 1835 : entered the Army 1853, in the Rifle Brigade : in the Crimea : joined the 84th regt. : in the mutiny, was A.D.C. to Sir J. Hope Grant : wounded at the siege of Delhi : at Bulandshahr deserved his V.C, and gained it as a Captain at the capture of the Sikandarbagh on Sir Colin Campbell's relief of Lucknow, Nov. 16, 1857 : died Nov. 17, 1877.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Anstruther, Sir Alexander

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​ANSTRUTHER, SIR ALEXANDER (1769–1819)
Judge : son of Sir R. Anstruther, Bart : born Sep. 10, 1769 : called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn, and published legal reports : was Advocate-General, Madras, 1803 : Recorder of Bombay, 1812 : knighted : died July 16, 1819.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Anstruther, Sir John

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​ANSTRUTHER, SIR JOHN (1753–1811)
Chief Justice : born March 27, 1753 : son of Sir John Anstruther, Bart : educated at Glasgow : called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn, 1779 ' was M.P. for Cocker-mouth, 1790–96 : supported C. J. Fox, and was one of the managers of the impeachment of Warren Hastings, having to speak on certain of the charges : in 1797, appointed Chief Justice of Bengal, made a Baronet, and retired to England, 1806 : Privy Councillor : re-entered Parliament : died in London, Jan. 26, 1811.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Appleyard, Frederick Ernest

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​APPLEYARD, FREDERICK ERNEST (1829–)
Son of F. N. Appleyard, a Cursitor of the High Court of Chancery: educated at Elizabeth College, Guernsey: entered the 80th regt., 1850: served in the second Burmese war: present at Martaban, the storming of Rangoon and taking of Prome: exchanged to the 7th R. Fusiliers: in the Crimea: wounded at Alma, 1854, and the Redan, 1855: present at Inkerman, in the trenches at Sebastopol: commanded a Brigade in the Afghan campaign, 1878–80: Maj-General, and C.B.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Anquetil Du Perron, Abraham Hyacinthe

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​ANQUETIL DU PERRON, ABRAHAM HYACINTHE (1731–1805)
Brother of L. P. Hyacinthe, the French historian : born at Paris in 1731 : being bent on studying Oriental languages, he went to India as a private soldier in 1754, and acquired considerable knowledge of Sanskrit, translating a dictionary in that language : on the taking of Pondicherry by the English he returned to Europe and conveyed his MSS. to Paris, where he was appointed Oriental interpreter to the King's Library : was Member of the Academy of Inscriptions and Belles Lettres, and the National Institute, and one of the most celebrated of the literati of Europe : he died Jan. 17, 1805.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Anstey, Thomas Chisholm

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​ANSTEY, THOMAS CHISHOLM (1816–1873)
Barrister and political writer : born in London, 1816 : educated at Wellington and University College, London : called to the bar at the Middle Temple, 1839 : became, in the Oxford movement, a Roman Catholic, and Professor of Law at the Roman Catholic College near Bath : wrote on legal and political subjects : was M.P. for Youghal 1847–52, when his excessive speaking in Parliament was much resented : appointed Attorney General at Hongkong, 1854, but was suspended by the Governor, Sir John Bowring, in 1858 : after a short time at Calcutta, he was very successful at the Bombay bar, and in 1865 acted for a few months as a Judge of the High Court : failing to obtain work at the English bar, he returned to Bombay and died there, Aug 17, 1873 : his violent temper stood in his way through life, leading him into constant quarrels with his profession and society.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Arbuthnot, George

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​ARBUTHNOT, GEORGE (1772–1843)
Went, with his brother Robert, who was Chief Secretary in Ceylon, to Colombo, in 1800: thence to Madras and joined a Mr. Lautour in business: on the latter's death the firm was reconstituted, under the name of Arbuthnot & Co., which it still bears: retired from India in 1823, and settled in England.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Arbuthnot, Sir Alexander John

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​ARBUTHNOT, SIR ALEXANDER JOHN (1822–)
I.C.S.: son of the Bishop of Killaloe: born Oct. 11, 1822: educated at Rugby and Haileybury: entered the Madras Civil Service, 1842: Director of Public Instruction, 1855: Chief Secretary to Government, Madras, 1862: Additional Member of the Legislative Council, Madras, 1862: Member of Council, Madras, 1867–72: Acting Governor of Madras, Feb. to May, 1872: K.C.S.I.: 1873: Member of the Supreme Council, 1875–80: C.I.E.: President of the Council, 1878 and 1879: Vice-Chancellor of Madras and Calcutta Universities: Member of the Council of India, 1887–97: author of Selections from Minutes of Maj-General Sir Thomas Munro, Life of Lord Clive, and a number of articles in the Dictionary of National Biography.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Anson, Hon. George

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​ANSON, HON. GEORGE (1797–1857)
General : second son of the first Viscount Anson : served at Waterloo in the Guards : was M.P. from 1818 for many years : in 1853, appointed to command a Division in India : C. in C. Madras, 1854, and C. in C. in India, 1856 : was at Simla when the mutiny broke out in May, 1857, and hastened down to the plains : while on the march from Umbala to Delhi with a force, he died of cholera at Karnal, May 27, 1857.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Appa Sahib

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​APPA SAHIB ( ? –1840)
Raja of Nagpur : when Regent, in 1816, he put to death his cousin, Parsoram, or Parsoji, Bhonsla, an idiot Raja of Nagpur, and succeeded the late Raja's uncle, Raghoji Bhonsla II (q.v.) as Raja : Baji Rao appointed him nominal C. in C. of the ​Peshwa's army: Appa treacherously attacked the British under Mr. Jenkins, Resident of Nagpur, and was defeated at Sitabaldi, Nov., 26-7, 1817: taken prisoner, he escaped from custody and sought refuge, in 1818, at Jodhpur, where he is said to have died in 1840.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Capper

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​CAPPER ( ? –1809)
Colonel in the Madras Army : influential in the affairs of Fort St. George in the latter part of the 18th century : on more than one occasion was employed by the Governors in civil and ecclesiastical negotiations : as, e.g. in 1787. in the time of Sir Archibald Campbell, when the Council had to settle important matters with regard to the Roman Catholic population of Madras, and French influence had to be excluded : saw active service and fought "with spirit and gallantry" at Arikera, under Colonel Montresor, 1800 : distinguished himself under Wellesley : became Lt-Colonel and Adjutant-General. When Sir George Barlow was Governor of Madras, Capper became implicated in the disputes between General Hay Macdowall, C. in C. of the Madras Army, and the Civil Authorities, 1809 : Macdowall had resigned in Jan. and left for England : the responsibility of publishing his Army Order against Munro (which gave further offence to the Madras Government) rested with Colonel Capper, and his suspension was the result : he, too, started for England, but was lost at sea on the voyage, March, 1809.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Carey, Arthur Douglas

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​CAREY, ARTHUR DOUGLAS ( ? - )
I.C.S. : educated at the City of London School : went out to Bombay, 1865 : Collector of Salt Revenue, 1881 : acting Commissioner of Inland Customs, 1881 : in 1885 travelled, via Ladak to Northern Tibet, to Lake Mungtsa, Khotan, Kuchar, Lake Lob, Tsaidam, Urumtsi, Yarkand, to Ladak : Commissioner of Customs, Salt, Opium and Abkari, 1891 : on special duty to Lisbon, in connexion with Goa Treaty negotiations, 1891–2 : retired 1893.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Canning, Charlotte Elizabeth, Countess

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​CANNING, CHARLOTTE ELIZABETH, COUNTESS (1817–1861)
Daughter of Lord Stuart de Rothesay; born March 31, 1817, married, Sep. 5, 1835: in London to the Hon. Charles John Canning, afterwards Earl Canning, (q.v.), first Viceroy of India. She was constantly at Court as Lady-in-Waiting in attendance on Queen Victoria. Her death at Calcutta, Nov. 18, 1861, was deeply lamented. She returned to Calcutta on Nov. 8, after a month's visit to Darjeeling. She had caught jungle fever on her way down, when passing through the malarious country at the foot of the hills and in the Purnea district. She was buried in Barrackpur Park, on the banks of the Ganges. All accounts testify to her noble, simple and beautiful character, her talents and mental gifts, her personal appearance, her graciousness and dignity: in the trying time of the mutiny she rendered great help to her husband by her devotion, loyalty and self-sacrifice, by her calm and steady courage, her patience and self-possession, "no one was ever more admired and looked up to by every class of her Majesty's subjects." Lord Canning wrote this inscription for the monument over her grave: "Honours and praises written on a tomb are at best but vainglory: but that her charity, humility, meekness and watchful faith in her Saviour will, for that Saviour's sake, be accepted of God and be to her a glory everlasting, is the firm trust of those who knew her best and most dearly loved her in life, and who cherish the memory of her, departed."
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Cappel, Sir Albert James Leppoc

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​CAPPEL, SIR ALBERT JAMES LEPPOC (1836–)
Born 1836 : served in the Crimea 1855–6 : entered the Indian Telegraph Department, 1857, and was Director of Indian Telegraphs, 1883–9 : K.C.I.E. in 1887.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Carey, Eustace

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​CAREY, EUSTACE (1791–1855)
Missionary : son of Thomas Carey, a non-commissioned officer : nephew of the Rev. Dr. W. Carey (q.v.) : born March 22, 1791 : educated at Bristol College : arrived at Serampur as a missionary in 1814; founded a missionary establishment at Calcutta, 1817 : left India, 1825 : urged the cause of missions in England : wrote about missions and a memoir of W. Carey : died July 19, 1855.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Capel, Hon. Sir Thomas Bladen

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​CAPEL, HON. SIR THOMAS BLADEN (1776–1853)
Son of fourth Earl of Essex : born Aug. 25, 1776 : was in the Navy, 1791–1847, rising to be Admiral : served on various stations, and under Nelson at the Nile and Trafalgar : at the forcing of the Dardanelles, 1807 : off N. America : K.C.B., 1832 : and from 1834 to 1837 was Naval C. in C. in the E. Indies, in the Winchester, 50 guns : G.C.B., 1852 : died March 4, 1853.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Carey, Felix

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​CAREY, FELIX (1782–1822)
Missionary : son of the Rev. Dr. W. Carey (q.v.) : went with his parents to India : assisted his father in his Biblical translations : besides many translations in Bengali, he published a Burmese grammar, and began a Burmese dictionary and Pali grammar : he died at Serampur, Nov. 10, 1822.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Canning, Charles John, Earl

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​CANNING, CHARLES JOHN, EARL (1812–1862)
Governor-General and first Viceroy: third son of George Canning the statesman: born Dec. 14, 1812: educated at Putney, Eton, privately, and at Christ Church, Oxford: first class in classics and second class in mathematics: M.P. for Warwick in 1836: succeeded to his mother's peerage in 1837: Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs, 1841–6, and Chief Commissioner for Woods and Forests: was a follower of Sir Robert Peel: Postmaster-General in Lord Aberdeen's and Lord Palmerston's Governments in 1853–5: Governor-General of India, Feb. 29, 1856: Viceroy from Nov. 1, 1858. In his first year of office he had to arrange for the war with Persia, in which Sir James Outram (q.v.) had the command. The events of the mutiny of 1857–8 constitute the history of India rather than the biography of Canning. Its causes originated before his time. He was not alone in failing at first to appreciate adequately the symptoms and the extent of the out-break: but, on grasping its character, he rose to the occasion. He detained troops on their way to China, and expedited the dispatch of reinforcements to the affected districts of Upper India. He showed calmness, courage, judgment, firmness, foresight, and acquired the name of "Clemency Canning" for his moderation in punishment, and his repression of vindictiveness. He became unpopular on account of this policy. He trusted his chief officers, Sir Henry, and Sir John, Lawrence, his commanders in the field, his immediate advisers and others: but preserved his own right to decide, when he disagreed with them. For a time he assumed personally the government of the N.W.P. By his Oudh proclamation he confiscated, with exceptions, the land of that province. This led to the controversy which ended in the resignation of Lord Ellenborough, the President of the Board of Control. He carried out the transfer on Nov. I, 1858, of the Government of India from the E. I. Co. to the Crown: and was made an Earl. In 1859–60 and 1860–1 he made prolonged tours in Upper India. He had to deal with all the troubles resulting from the mutiny, the reorganization of the finances and of the Army required for India: the reforms in the Indian Councils, the development of education, the question of the income-tax, the grant of adoption sunnuds to native chiefs, with the famine of 1860–1 in the N.W.P. The death of Lady Canning from fever, in Nov. 1861, was universally deplored. He left India on March 18, 1862, in bad health: died June 17, 1862, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. He had been made K.G. for his services in India.