# The Tribes of Burma/Bibliographical notes/Kaws or Akhas
#### THE KAWS OR AKHAS.THE KAWS OR AKHAS.

| Serial No. | Head. | Brief description. | Authority. | Page. |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 1 | Present habitat, | Kengtung and to the east of the Mekong. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part 1. | 588 |
| 2 | Origin ... | Said to have come last from Talang T'ing in Yunnan. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 590 |
| 3 | Political and social divisions. | Seven tribal divisions referred to. Names of clans. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 590, 594 |
| 4 | Allied Tribes | Akhos ... ... Pannas and Lotes ... | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 594 595 |
| 5 | Language and dialects. | Placed provisionally in the Lihsaw sub-group of the Burma group. Vocabulary ... | Linguistic Survey of India, Vol. III, Part III. Burma Census Report, 1901, Part I. Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 383 79, 94 692 |
| 6 | Religion ... | A form of ancestor worship. West door of house reserved for ancestors ; offerings to ancestors. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Parti. | 593 |
| 7 | Magic and witchcraft. | Fear of talking about spirits lest they should resent it and visit their resentment on the speaker. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 594 |
| 8 | Marriage customs and ceremonies. | Mutual consent. Marriage with Chinamen common. Akhos restricted to one wife. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. "Burma" Sir G. Scott, London, 1906. | 592 103 |
| 9 | Death and burial ceremonies. | Trunk of tree hollowed for a coffin ; personal effects of deceased placed in coffin. Slaughter of buffaloes. Body buried. No mark placed over grave. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 593 |
| 10 | Clothing ... | Men—dressed like Shans or Chinamen, Women—short coat, short kilt, leggings, bamboo headdress decorated with seeds or coins. | Mission Pavie, Paris, 1902, Vol. V. Report on a Journey in the Mekong Valley. W. J. Archer, London, 1892. Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. A. R. Colquhoun Amongst the Shans, London, 1885. Yünnan: The Link between India and the Yangtze. H. R. Davies, Cambridge, 1909. | 268 9 589 61 395 |
| 11 | Personal ornaments. | White seed necklaces, etc. ; ornaments on head-dresses ; hair let down over the brows. | Mission Pavie, Paris, 1902, Vol. V. Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 268 590 |
| 12 | Games and amusements. | Dances, only men perform. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 592 |
| 13 | War ... | Their share in the defeat of the Siamese in 1854-55 | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 591 |
| 14 | Agriculture... | Cotton and opium cultivated. Granaries built by the road side. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 590 591 |
| 15 | Habitations... | Houses of bamboo, small and dirty. Village gates | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. "Burma." Sir G. Scott, London, 1906. Mission Pavie, Paris, 1902, Vol. V. Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 592 102 269 593-594 |
| 16 | Character ... | Stolid, timid, not resourceful. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 589, 591 |
| 17 | Slavery ... | Practice, when crops fail, of selling themselves and families into slavery. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 591 |
| 18 | Music and poetry. | Musical instruments, ken or mouth-organ. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 591 |
| 19 | Implements... | String bags, baskets, etc. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 591 |
| 20 | Food ... | Practice of eating dogs | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 589 |