OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Robinson, Hercules

1904 Errata appended.
​ROBINSON, HERCULES (1789–1864), admiral, born on 16 March 1789, was the eldest son of Christopher Robinson, rector of Granard, co. Longford, by Elizabeth, second daughter of Sir Hercules Langrishe, bart., of Knocktopher, co. Kilkenny. Sir Bryan Robinson [q. v.] was his brother. He entered the navy in June 1800, in the Penelope, with Captain (afterwards Sir Henry) Blackwood [q. v.], with whom he was also in the Euryalus at Trafalgar, and in the Ajax, till moved, in January 1807, to the Ocean flagship of Lord Collingwood in the Mediterranean. Two months later he was appointed to the Glory as acting-lieutenant, in which rank he was confirmed on 25 April 1807. In December he was moved to the Warspite, again with Blackwood, and in 1809 to the Téméraire in the Baltic, from which, on 30 Aug., he was promoted to the command of the Prometheus in the Baltic during 1810, and afterwards in the Atlantic, ranging as far as the Canary Islands, and even the West Indies. The Prometheus was an extremely dull sailer, incapable of improvement, so that any vessel she chased left her hopelessly astern; and it was owing only to the good fortune and judgment of her commander that she managed to pick up some prizes. On 7 June 1814 Robinson was advanced to post rank. From September 1817 to the end of 1820 he commanded the Favourite on the Cape of Good Hope and St. Helena station, and afterwards on the east coast of South America. In 1820 he was at Newfoundland, and was appointed by the commander-in-chief to regulate the fishery of the coast of Labrador, which he did with tact, temper, and judgment. He had no further service afloat, and in 1846 accepted the retirement, becoming in due course rear-admiral on 9 Oct. 1849, vice-admiral on 21 Oct. 1856, and admiral on 15 Jan. 1862. In 1842 he was sheriff of Westmeath. In 1856 he made a yachting voyage to the Salvages, a group of barren rocks midway between Madeira and the Canaries, on one of which a vast treasure, the spoil of a Spanish galleon, was said to be buried. When in the Prometheus Robinson had been sent to look for this treasure, but met with no success. A further search was rather the excuse than the reason for revisiting the islets in the yacht, but the voyage gave him an opportunity of writing ‘Seadrift,’ a small volume of reminiscences (8vo, 1858, with portrait). He died at Southsea on 15 May 1864. He married, in 1822, Frances Elizabeth, only child of Henry Widman Wood of Rosmead, Westmeath, and had issue six sons, of whom Sir Hercules George Robert Robinson [q. v.] (1824–1897), administrator in South Africa, was created Lord Rosmead in 1896.
[O'Byrne's Naval Biogr. Dict.; Gent. Mag. 1864, i. 814; Foster's Baronetage, s.n. Langrishe; Navy Lists.]
J. K. L.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.237 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 17 | ii | 11 | Robinson, Hercules: for Wedman read Widman |
| | | 13 | for F. A. Robinson read G. R. Robinson |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Robinson, Hugh

​ROBINSON, HUGH (1584?–1655), archdeacon of Gloucester, born in Anglesea about 1584, was a son of Nicholas Robinson (d. 1585) [q. v.], bishop of Bangor (Wood, Athenæ Oxon. ii. 798). He was admitted to Winchester School in 1596 (Kirby, Winchester Scholars, p. 157), and matriculated at New College, Oxford, on 16 Dec. 1603 (Clark, Oxford Registers). In 1605 he was elected perpetual fellow, and held his fellowship till 1614. He graduated B.A. on 21 April 1607, M.A. 23 Jan. 1610–11, B.D. and D.D. on 21 June 1627. He was chief master of Winchester School from 1613 to 1627 (Kirby, ubi supra, p. 165), and became successively rector of Llanbedr, with the vicarage of Caerhun in 1613; of Trêvriw (Carnarvon) in 1618; of Bighton, Hampshire, in 1622; of Shabbington, Buckinghamshire; canon of Lincoln on 24 Feb. 1624–5 (Le Neve, Fasti); archdeacon of Gloucester on 5 June 1634 (ib.) He was rector of Dursley from 1625 to 1647. In his archdeaconry he seems to have been moderate in his proceedings (Cal. State Papers, Dom. ccclxxviii. No. 14).
During the civil war he lost his canonry and archdeaconry, was seized at his living at Dursley and ill-treated; but he took the covenant, wrote in defence of it, and accepted the living of Hinton, near Winchester, from the parliament (Walker, Sufferings of the Clergy, i. 33; Addit. MS. 15671, f. 6). He died on 30 March 1655, and was buried on the following 18 April in the chancel of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, London.
He wrote:
* An 8vo volume, published in Oxford in 1616, containing ‘Preces’ for the use of Winchester School, in Latin and English, ‘Grammaticalia Quædam,’ in Latin and English, and ‘Antiquæ Historiæ Synopsis.’
* ‘Scholæ Wintoniensis Phrases Latinæ,’ London, 1654; 2nd edit. by his son Nicholas, ​London, 1658; ‘corrected and much augmented with Poeticals added, and these four Tracts: (i.) Of Words not to be used by elegant Latinists; (ii.) The difference of many Words like one another in Sound or Signification; (iii.) Some Words governing a Subjunctive Mood not mentioned in Lillie's “Grammar;” (iv.) Concerning Χρεία and Γνώμη for entering Children upon making of themes; dedicated to Sir Robert Wallop, Sir Nicholas Love, and Sir Thomas Hussey;’ 3rd edit. London, 1661, 8vo; 4th edit. London, 1664, 12mo; 8th edit. 1673, 8vo; 11th edit. 1685, 12mo.
* ‘Annalium mundi universalium, &c., tomus unicus,’ London, 1677, fol., revised before publication by Dr. Thomas Pierce [q. v.], dean of Salisbury.
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. iii. 395; Robinson's Works.]
W. A. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Marsh, John Fitchett

​MARSH, JOHN FITCHETT (1818–1880), antiquary, son of a solicitor at Wigan, Lancashire, where he was born on 24 Oct. 1818, was educated at the Warrington grammar school under the Rev. T. Vere Bayne, and on the death of his father came under the care of his uncle, John Fitchett [q. v.], whom he afterwards succeeded in his business as a solicitor. On the incorporation of Warrington in 1847 he was appointed town-clerk, and held the office until 1858. He was instrumental in establishing the Warrington School of Art and the Public Museum and Library. He contributed to the Chetham Society in 1851 'Papers connected with John Milton and his Family,' based on documents in his own possession. To the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire he contributed several articles: 1. 'On some Correspondence of Dr. Priestley,' 1855. 2. 'Notice of the Inventory of the Effects of Mrs. Milton, Widow of the Poet,' 1855. 3. 'History of Boteler's Free Grammar School at Warrington,' 1856. 4. 'On the engraved Portraits and pretended Portraits of Milton,' 1860. 5. 'On Virgil's Plough,' 1803. In 1855 he delivered a series of interesting lectures on the 'Literary History of Warrington during the Eighteenth Century,' which were published in a volume of 'Warrington Mechanics' Institution Lectures.' In the same year he published a lecture on the 'Parthenon and the Elgin Marbles,'
He removed in 1873 to Hardwick House, Chepstow, Monmouthshire. There he employed a part of his leisure in collecting materials for a history of the castles of Monmouthshire. He had scarcely completed that of the first (Chepstow), when he died, unmarried, on 24 June 1880. His 'Annals of Chepstow Castle' were edited by Sir John Maclean, and printed at Exeter in 1883, 4to. His large library, which included that of his uncle, Mr. Fitchett, was sold at Sotheby's in May 1882.
[Warrington Guardian, 26 June 1880; Palatine Notebook, ii. 168; Manchester Guardian, 30 June 1880.]
C. W. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Marsh-Caldwell, Anne

​MARSH-CALDWELL, Mrs. ANNE (1791–1874), novelist, born in 1791, was the third daughter and fourth child of James Caldwell, J.P., of Linley Wood, Staffordshire, recorder of Newcastle-under-Lyme, and deputy-lieutenant of the county. Her mother was Elizabeth, daughter and coheiress of Thomas Stamford of Derby. In July 1817 Miss Caldwell married Arthur Cuthbert Marsh, latterly of Eastbury Lodge, Hertfordshire. Her husband was son of William Marsh, senior and sleeping partner in the London banking firm of Marsh, Stacey, & Graham, which was ruined by the gross misconduct in 1824 of Henry Fauntleroy [q. v.], a junior partner. There were seven children of the marriage. Mrs. Marsh wrote for her amusement from an early age, and at the suggestion of her friend, Miss Harriet Martineau, published her first novel, ‘Two Old Men's Tales,’ in 1834. Her husband died 23 Dec. 1849. On the death of her brother, James Stamford Caldwell, in 1858, Mrs. Marsh succeeded to the estate of Linley Wood, and resumed by royal license the surname of Caldwell in addition to that of Marsh. She died at Linley Wood, 5 Oct. 1874.
Mrs. Marsh was one of the most popular novelists of her time, and maintained that position for nearly a quarter of a century. Her novels were published anonymously, and are therefore difficult to identify. They are didactic in character, but possess some dramatic power (Blackwood, May 1855). They chiefly describe the upper middle class and the lesser aristocracy. ‘Mount Sorel,’ 1845, and ‘Emilia Wyndham,’ 1846, are perhaps her best works. Many of her novels passed through several editions, and a collection of them, filling fifteen volumes, was published in Hodgson's ‘Parlour Library,’ 1857. She wrote also two historical works, ‘The Protestant Reformation in France and the Huguenots,’ 1847, and a translation of the ‘Song of Roland, as chanted before the Battle of Hastings by the minstrel Taillefer,’ 1854.
The titles of Mrs. Marsh's other works are:
* 'Tales of the Woods and Fields,' 1838.
* 'Triumphs of Time,'1844.
* 'Aubrey,' 1845.
* 'Father Darcy, an Historical Romance,' 1846.
* 'Norman's Bridge, or the Modern Midas,' 1847.
* 'Angela, or the Captain's Daughter,' 1848.
* 'The Previsions of Lady Evelyn.'
* 'Mordaunt Hall,' 1849.
* 'The Wilmingtons,' 1849.
* 'Lettice Arnold,' 1850.
* 'Time the Avenger,' 1851.
* 'Ravenscliffe,' 1851.
* 'Castle Avon,' 1852.
* 'The Heiress of Haughton,' 1856.
* 'Evelyn Marston,' 1856.
* 'The Rose of Ashurst,' 1867.
Mrs. Marsh-Caldwell has been wrongly credited with Mrs. Stretton's 'Margaret and her Bridesmaids,' and other books published by the author of that work.
[Allibone's Dict. ii. 1224-6; Ann. Reg. 1874, 171; Burke's Landed Gentry. iv. 597-8; Athenæum, 1874. ii. 512-13; information from Mrs. Marsh-Caldwald's daughter.]
E. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Marshal, Ebenezer

​MARSHAL, EBENEZER (d. 1813), historian, was licensed as a preacher by the presbytery of Edinburgh on 30 Oct. 1776, and ordained on 3 April 1782 as chaplain to the Scottish regiment in the Dutch service. On 22 Nov. 1782 he was presented to the living of Cockpen, in the presbytery of Dalkeith, where he died on 19 May 1813 (Scots Mag. 1813, p. 479). He married, on 29 Dec. 1784, Christian Goodsman (who died on 13 Aug. 1824), and had issue Archibald, an accountant of Edinburgh, and Susan Gloag.
Marshal was author of: 1. 'The History of the Union of Scotland and England,' 8vo, Edinburgh, 1799. 2. 'Abridgment of the Acts of Parliament relating to the Church of Scotland,' 8vo, Edinburgh, 1799. 3. 'On the British Constitution,' 8vo, Edinburgh, 1812. He also contributed an account of Cockpen to the first edition of Sir John Sinclair's 'Statistical Account of Scotland' (8vo, 1791-9).
[Hew Scott's Fasti Eccles. Scotic. vol. i. pt. i. p. 273; Cat. of Advocates' Library.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Colton, John

​COLTON, Sir JOHN (1822–1902), Australian statesman and premier of South Australia, son of William Colton, a Devonshire farmer, afterwards of McLaren Vale, South Australia, and Elizabeth his wife, was born in Devonshire on 23 Sept. 1823, and went to Australia with his father when sixteen years of age. Left early to his own resources, he began business in a humble way in Adelaide, but soon won a leading position in commercial life there. For many years senior partner in the mercantile firm of Colton & Co., he retired in 1883.
He first entered public life in 1859 as an alderman of the city of Adelaide, and was mayor in 1874-5. He was elected to the House of Assembly in March 1865 as member for Noarlunga, and, with short intervals, he represented that place throughout his public life. A staunch liberal, he took office for the first time on 3 Nov. 1868 as commissioner of public works in the Strangways ministry, from which he retired on 12 May 1870. He was treasurer under Sir James Boucaut from 3 June 1875 to 25 March 1876, when the cabinet was reconstructed. On 6 June 1876, having carried a vote of no confidence against the Boucaut ministry, Colton became premier and commissioner of public works. His government lasted till October 1877, when Boucaut in his turn moved a vote of no confidence, which was carried by the casting vote of the Speaker.
Colton resigned his seat for Noarlunga on 29 Aug. 1878 on account of ill-health, and did not re-enter parliament till 6 Jan. 1880. In June 1881, on the fall of the Morgan ministry, he declined, owing to the state of his health, an appeal to form a government. In June 1884, however, he again became premier and chief secretary, with a strong cabinet, including Mr. C. C. Kingston, Mr. W. B. Rounsevell, and Sir R. Baker. His government, which carried a bill embodying the principle of land and income taxation, lasted exactly one year. Colton led the opposition for a time, but at the close of the parliament he withdrew from public life and visited England. Colton made up in commonsense and energy for what he lacked in eloquence. The strength of the cabinets which he formed proved that he was quick to recognise ability. The political antagonism which he aroused did not survive his retirement. A staunch Wesleyan and an earnest advocate of temperance, Colton took great interest in education, and was a leading supporter of Prince Alfred College, of which he long was treasurer. He was made a K.C.M.G. on 1 Jan. 1891. He died at his residence in Adelaide on 6 Feb. 1902, and was buried in the West-terrace cemetery in that city.
Colton married on 4 Dec. 1844 Mary, daughter of Samuel Cutting of London, and had four sons and one daughter.
[Burke's Colonial Gentry, ii. 613; The Times, 7 Feb. 1902; Adelaide Advertiser, 7 Feb. 1902; Year Book of Australia, 1903; Hodder's History of South Australia, vol. ii.; Colonial Office Records.]
C. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Collingwood, Cuthbert

​COLLINGWOOD, CUTHBERT (1826–1908), naturalist, born at Greenwich on 25 Dec. 1826, was fifth of six sons of Samuel Collingwood, architect and contractor, of Wellington Grove, Greenwich, by his wife Frances, daughter of Samuel Collingwood, printer to Oxford University. Educated at King's College School, he matriculated from Christ Church, Oxford, on 8 April 1845, and graduated B.A. in 1849, proceeding M.A. in 1852 and M.B. in 1854. He subsequently studied at Edinburgh University and at Guy's Hospital, and spent some time in the medical schools of Paris and Vienna. From 1858 to 1866 he held the appointment of lecturer on botany to the Royal Infirmary Medical School at Liverpool. Elected F.L.S. in 1853, he served on the council in 1868. He also lectured on biology at the Liverpool School of Science.
In 1865 he issued 'Twenty-one Essays on Various Subjects, Scientific and Literary.' In 1866-7 he served as surgeon and naturalist on H.M.S. Rifleman and Serpent on voyages of exploration in the China Seas, and made interesting researches in marine zoology. One result of the expedition was his 'Rambles of a Naturalist on the Shores and Waters of the China Seas' (1868). Returning to Liverpool he became senior physician of the Northern Hospital and took a leading part in the intellectual life of the city. In 1876-7 he travelled in Palestine and Egypt. Collingwood was through life a prominent member of the New Church (Swedenborgian). Besides 'The Travelling Birds' (1872) and forty papers on natural history in scientific periodicals he published many expositions of his religious beliefs, of which the chief were: 'A Vision of Creation,' a poem with an introduction, critical and geological (1872); 'New Studies in Christian Theology ' (Anon. 1883); and 'The Bible and the Age, Principles of Consistent Interpretation' (1886). For the last years of his life he resided in Paris, where he died on 20 Oct. 1908. He married Clara (d. 1871), daughter of Lieut.-col. Sir Robert Mowbray of Cockavine, N.B.; he had no issue.
[The Times, 22 Oct. 1908; New Church Mag., 1908, p. 575; Who's Who, 1908.]
R. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Owen, Edward (1728-1807)

​OWEN, EDWARD (1728–1807), translator of Juvenal and Persius, third son of David Owen of Llangurig, Montgomeryshire, ​was born in 1728, and matriculated at Jesus College, Oxford, on 22 March 1745–6, graduating B.A. on 1 Dec. 1749, and M.A. on 1 June 1752. He was appointed headmaster of the grammar school at Warrington on 4 June 1757, incumbent of Sankey Chapel in 1763, and rector of Warrington on 14 Sept. 1767. The first and third of these offices he retained until his death. The dilapidated fabrics of school and church each received extensive repairs under his guidance, and both as master and clergyman he acquired a high local reputation. Among his pupils were George Tierney, president of the board of control; Dr. John Wright, fellow of Brasenose College, Oxford; John Almon, Dr. Thomas Barnes, and John Fitchett. He was president of the Warrington Library, which was established in 1760, and took a prominent part in the promotion of the literary and social interests of the town. Owen died unmarried in April 1807, and was buried in the chancel of Warrington parish church. His portrait is preserved in the Warrington Museum, and a silhouette portrait is given in Kendrick's ‘Warrington Worthies.’
Gilbert Wakefield speaks of Owen as ‘a man of most elegant learning, unimpeachable veracity, and peculiar benevolence of heart;’ he was, however, lampooned in Thomas Seddons's ‘Characteristic Strictures,’ 1779. His chief work is his ‘Satires of Juvenal and Persius, translated into English Verse,’ London, 1785, 2 vols. 12mo; later editions dated 1786 and 1810. He wrote also ‘A New Latin Accidence, or a Complete Introduction to … Latin Grammar,’ 1770; 5th edit., 1779; other editions, entitled ‘The Common Accidence Improved,’ 1800, 1804, 1819; and ‘Elementa Latina Metrica,’ 1796.
[Marsh's Lectures on the Literary Hist. of Warrington; Beamont's Warrington Church Notes, 1878, p. 104; Kendrick's Warrington Worthies; Wakefield's Memoirs, 1792, p. 161; Foster's Alumni Oxon.; Smith's Bibl. Anti-Quakeriana.]
C. W. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Owen, David (d.1642)

Died 1623 according to the ODNB.
​OWEN, DAVID, D.D. (fl. 1642), controversialist, a native of the Isle of Anglesea, was educated at Catharine Hall, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1598. He afterwards migrated to Clare Hall, where he commenced M.A. in 1602. He was incorporated in the latter degree at Oxford on 14 June 1608. He took the degree of B.D. at Cambridge in 1609, and was created D.D. in 1618. For many years he was chaplain to ​John Ramsay, viscount Hadington, afterwards Earl of Holderness.
His works are: 1. ‘Herod and Pilate reconciled; or the Concord of Papist and Pvritan (against Scripture, Fathers, Councels, and other Orthodoxall Writers), for the Coercion, Deposition, and Killing of Kings, discovered,’ Cambridge, 1610, 4to, dedicated to John Ramsay, viscount Hadington. The original manuscript, entitled ‘The power of Princes and the dutie of Subjects,’ is in the King's collection in the British Museum, 18 B.v. This work was reprinted, without the dedication, under the title of ‘A Perswasion to Loyalty, or the Svbiects Dvtie. Wherein is proved that resisting or deposing of Kings (under what specious pretences soever couched) is utterly unlawfull. Collected by D.O.,’ London, 1642, 4to. A Dutch translation, entitled ‘Herodes ende Pilatus vereenight,’ by Johann Wtenbogaert or Utenbogaert, appeared in 1660. 2. ‘Anti-Paræus, sive Determinatio de Jure Regio, habita Cantabrigiæ in Scholis Theologicis 19 April. 1619, contra Davidem Paræum cæterosq. reformatæ et Romanæ Religionis Antimonarchas,’ Cambridge, 1622, 8vo, dedicated to James I. An English translation by Robert Mossom [q. v.], afterwards bishop of Derry, was published at York, 1642, 4to. David Paræus or Wängler was professor of divinity at Heidelberg, and his work, entitled ‘Commentarius in Epistolam ad Romanos,’ published at Frankfort in 1609, being regarded as an attack upon the royal authority, was publicly burnt in St. Paul's Churchyard, London, on 21 June 1622 (Birch, Court and Times of James I, ii. 317). 3. ‘Detectio Calumniarum, Sophismatum, et Imposturarum Anonymi Papistæ, qui Dialogo sub ementito titulo, Deus et Rex, conatus est astruere Potestatem Populo-Papalem ad coercionem et depositionem Regum,’ manuscript in the Royal collection, British Museum, 10 B. xiii. The dedication, to the Earl of Holderness, is dated 21 July 1621.
[Information from J. W. Clark, esq., M.A.; Addit. MS. 5877, f. 104; Baillet, Traité des Anti, ii. 144; Birch's Court and Times of James I, ii. 328; Casley's Cat. of MSS. p. 277; Heywood and Wright's Cambridge University Transactions, ii. 292; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Wood's Fasti Oxon. (Bliss), i. 328.]
T. C.