OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Campbell, Guy

1904 Errata appended.
​CAMPBELL, Sir GUY (1786–1849), major-general, eldest son of Lieutenant-general Colin Campbell, lieutenant-governor of Gibraltar [q. v] was born on 22 Jan. 1786. He joined the 6th regiment as an ensign in 1795, and was promoted lieutenant on 4 April 1796. He was present at all his father’s engagements during the Irish rebellion of 1798, and then accompanied the regiment to Canada in 1903, and was promoted captain on 14 Sept. 1904. He was present at the battles of Roliça and Vimeiro, and throughout the advance of ​Sir John Moore into Spain and the retreat to Corunna. On 1 April 1813 Campbell was promoted major, and again accompanied his regiment to the Peninsula, and after the battle of Vittoria, where the colonel was severely wounded, he succeeded to the command of the regiment. The 6th regiment formed part of Barnes's brigade of the 7th division, and after bearing its share in the battle of the Pyrenees or Sorauren performed its greatest feat at Echalar on 2 Aug., when it defeated Clausel's division, more than six thousand strong (Napier, Peninsular War, bk. xxi. chap. v. v. 247 of the last revised edition). Campbell was severely wounded in this combat, and strongly recommended for promotion, and was accordingly promoted lieutenant-colonel by brevet on 26 Aug. 1813. At the end of the war he received a gold medal for the battle of the Pyrenees, and was made a C.B., and on 22 May 1815 was created a baronet in recognition of the important services rendered by his father, who had died in 1814, with remainder to the heirs of Lieutenant-general Colin Campbell. He rejoined his regiment in 1815, and commanded it at the battle of Waterloo, and went on half-pay in 1816. In 1828 he was appointed deputy quartermaster-general in Ireland, a post which he held until his promotion to the rank of major-general in 1841, when he received the command of the Athlone district. In 1848 Campbell was appointed colonel of the 3rd West India regiment, and he died at Kingstown on 25 Jan. 1849.
H. M. S.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.51 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 359 | i | 26 | Campbell, Sir Guy: for commanded it read was attached to the staff |
| | | 28 | for 1828 read 1830 |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Campbell, Harriette

​CAMPBELL, HARRIETTE (1817–1841), novelist, daughter of Robert Campbell, was born at Stirling in 1817 (Literary Gazette, 1841, p. 170). She is said to have known many English, French, and Italian authors by her twelfth year (ib.) Her first published articles were ‘Legends of the Lochs and Glens,’ which appeared in ‘Bentley's Miscellany’ (ib.); other papers of hers appeared in the ‘Monthly Magazine.’ Her first novel, ‘The Only Daughter,’ finished in 1837, when she was twenty, was published in 1839. It was favourably received. Another novel, ‘The Cardinal Virtues, or Morals and Manners connected,’ was published in 1841, 2 vols. But her health broke down; she fell ill, and was taken to the continent for the winter. A third novel, ‘Katherine Randolph, or Self-Devotion,’ was written by Miss Campbell during her stay abroad; but she had a fresh attack of illness there, and died on 15 Feb. 1841, aged 23.
‘Katherine Randolph, or Self-Devotion,’ was published in 1842, with a preface by Mr. G. R. Gleig; and ‘The Only Daughter’ was reissued under the same editorship in the ‘Railway Library’ as late as 1859.
J. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Campbell, James (1745-1832)

Date of death 1831 in the ODNB.
​CAMPBELL, Sir JAMES (1745–1832), author of ‘Memoirs written by Himself,’ was the eldest son of John Callander of Craigforth [q. v.], by his wife Mary, daughter of Sir James Livingstone of Quarter, and was born on 21 Oct. (O.S.) 1745. He was educated at the high school of Edinburgh, and afterwards under a private tutor. In 1759 he joined the 51st regiment as ensign, and served in the seven years' war. Under Sir John Acton he was inspector-general of troops at Naples, and at the request of Lord Nelson he went to the Ionian islands to confirm the inhabitants in their attachment to the English cause, remaining there till the peace of Amiens in 1802. On succeeding to the estate of his cousin-german, Sir Alexander Campbell of Ardkinglass, he adopted the name of Campbell. About this time he was resident in Paris, where he made the acquaintance of a French lady, Madame Lina Talina Sassen. Being detained by the order of Napoleon, he sent her as his commissioner to Scotland, designating her in ​the power of attorney with which he furnished her as his ‘beloved wife.’ On his return to Scotland he declined to recognise the relationship, and in consequence she raised an action against him in the court of session, when, although the marriage was found not proven, she was awarded a sum of 300l. per annum. On appeal to the House of Lords the award was withheld, and the lady occupied the remainder of her life in conducting various actions against him, being allowed to sue in formâ pauperis. Campbell died in 1832. He was three times married after a legal form and left a large family.
[Memoirs of Sir James Campbell of Ardkinglass, written by himself, 1832; Anderson's Scottish Nation; Burke's Landed Gentry, i. 250.]
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brimley, George

​BRIMLEY, GEORGE (1819–1857), essayist, was born at Cambridge on 29 Dec. 1819, and from the age of eleven to that of sixteen was educated at a school in Totteridge, Hertfordshire. In October 1838 he was entered at Trinity College, Cambridge, where in 1841 he was elected a scholar. He was reading with good hopes for classical honours, and was a private pupil of Dr. Vaughan; but even at that early age he was suffering from the disease to which he eventually succumbed. Although the state of his health prevented him from competing for university honours or obtaining a college fellowship, he was known to possess ability; and soon after taking his degree he was appointed college librarian (4 June 1845). He held this office until a few weeks before his death, when he returned to his father's house. Physical weakness prevented the sustained effort necessary for the production of any important work; but for the last six years of his life he contributed to the press. Most of his writings appeared in the 'Spectator' or in 'Fraser's Magazine,' the only one to which his name was attached being an essay on Tennyson's poems, contributed to the Cambridge Essays of 1855. He died 29 May 1857. A selection of his essays was made after his death and published with a prefatory memoir by the late W. G. Clark, then fellow and tutor of Trinity. This volume contains notices of a large number of the writers who were contemporary with Brimley himself, and is of considerable value as representing the contemporary judgment by a man of cultivation and acuteness on the writers of the middle of the nineteenth century, most of whom are now being judged by posterity. Sir Arthur Helps said of him, 'He was certainly, as it appeared to me, one of the finest critics of the present day.'
[W. G. Clark's Memoir attached to the Essays (London and Cambridge, 1858); information from the family.]
E. S. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brine, John

​BRINE, JOHN (1703–1765), baptist minister, was born at Kettering in 1703. Owing to the poverty of his parents he had scarcely any school education, and when a mere lad was set to work in the staple manufactory of his native town. Early in life he joined the baptists. While at Kettering he married a daughter of the Rev. John Moore, a baptist minister of Northampton, from whom he inherited Hutter's Hebrew Bible, which was to him at this time a treasure of no small value. The lady died in 1745. After some interval Brine married again.
​Brine joined the baptist ministry at Kettering, and after preaching for some time received a call to Coventry. There he remained till about 1730, when he succeeded Mr. Morton as pastor of the baptist congregation at Curriers' Hall, Cripplegate. He was for a time one of the Wednesday evening lecturers in Great Eastcheap. He also preached in his turn at the 'Lord's Day Evening Lecture' in Devonshire Square. Brine resided for many years in Bridgewater Square, but during his last illness he took lodgings at Kingsland, where he died, on 24 Feb. 1765, in the sixty-third year of his age. He left positive orders that no funeral sermon should be preached for him. His intimate friend, Dr. Gill, however, preached a sermon upon the occasion to his own people, which was afterwards published, but contains no express reference to Brine. Brine was generally reputed a high Calvinist and a supralapsarian. He was called by many persons an antinomian, though his life was exemplary. He was buried in Bunhill Fields. His publications are numerous, and now scarce. In 1792 a pamphlet was published entitled 'The Moral Law the Rule of Moral Conduct to Believers, considered and enforced by arguments extracted from the judicious Mr. Brine's "Certain Efficacy of the Death of Christ."'
A complete catalogue of Brine's separate publications is given by Walter Wilson. The following are his chief works:
* 'The Christian Religion not destitute of Arguments, &c. … in answer to "Christianity not founded on Argument,"' 1743.
* 'The Certain Efficacy of the Death of Christ asserted' (a book at one time greatly in demand), 1743.
* 'A Vindication of Natural and Revealed Religion, in answer to Mr. James Foster,' 1746.
* 'A Treatise on various subjects: controversial tracts against Bragge, Johnson, Tindal, Jackson, Eltringham, and others' (in 2 vols.), 1750, 1756, 1766, which was extremely popular. It was edited by James Upton in 1813, with some of Brine's sermons added, and a life of the author prefixed (from Walter Wilson).
* 'Discourses at a Monthly Exercise of Prayer, at Wednesday and Lord's Day Evening Lectures, and Miscellaneous Discourses' (2 vols.); and
* 'Funeral and Ordination Sermons and Choice Experience of Mrs. Anne Brine, with Dr. Gill's Sermon at her Funeral,' 1750. Collected together, his pamphlets fill eight volumes octavo.
[Wilson's Dissenting Churches, ii. 574; Gill's Sermons and Tracts; John Brown's Descriptive List of Keligious Books; Jones's Bunhill Memorials; Catalogue of the late Mr. Thomas Jepps, of Paternoster Row, 1856; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
J. H. T.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brihtric

​BRIHTRIC. [See Beorhtric.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brihtwold

​BRIHTWOLD (d. 1045), the eighth bishop of Ramsbury, and the last before the removal of the see to Old Sarum, had been a monk at Glastonbury, and was made bishop in 1005. There are no records of his administration, although he presided over the see for forty years. William of Malmesbury (Gest. Pont. ii. § 83) relates a vision which Brihtwold had at Glastonbury in the reign of Canute, in which the succession of Æthelred's son Edward (the Confessor) to the throne was revealed to him. He was buried at Glastonbury, to which abbey, as also to that of Malmesbury, he had been a very liberal benefactor.
[Anglo-Saxon Chron.; Florence of Worcester; William of Malmesbury, Gest. Pontiff.]
W. R. W. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brinknell, Thomas

​BRINKNELL or BRYNKNELL, THOMAS (d. 1539?), professor at Oxford, was educated at Lincoln College, and was appointed head-master of the school attached to Magdalen College, where he 'exercised an admirable way of teaching.' He afterwards studied for a time at University College, and became intimate with Wolsey. He proceeded B.D. in 1501, and D.D. on 13 March 1507-8, 'at which time,' says Wood 'the professor of div. or commissary did highly commend him for his learning.' On 7 Jan. 1510-11 he was collated to a prebend in Lincoln Cathedral, and on the same date was made master of the hospital of St. John at Banbury. In 1521 he was nominated professor of divinity on Cardinal Wolsey's new foundation. He apparently died in 1539 (Le Neve, Fasti, ii. 183). He was the author of a treatise against Luther, which does not seem to have been printed. According to Wood it was 'a learned piece,' and 'commended for a good book.' Wolsey recommended Brinknell to Henry VIII as 'one of those most fit persons in the university to encounter Mart. Luther.'
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. (Bliss), i. 29; Fasti (Bliss), i. 6, 22; Oxf. Univ. Reg. (Boase), 55; Tanner's Bibl. Brit. 126; Bloxam's Magdalen College, iii. 70.]
S. L. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brind, Richard

​BRIND, RICHARD (d. 1718), organist, was educated as a chorister in St. Paul's Cathedral, probably under Jeremiah Clarke. On the death of the latter in 1707, Brind succeeded him as organist of the cathedral, a post he held until his death, which took place in March 1717–18. He was buried in the vaults of St. Paul's on 18 March. Administration of his effects was granted to his father, Richard Brind, on 7 April 1718. In the grant he is described as being a bachelor. ​Brind seems to have been no very remarkable performer, and his sole claim to be remembered is that he was the master of Maurice Greene. His only recorded compositions are two thanksgiving anthems, which were scarcely known when Hawkins wrote his 'History of Music,' and have now entirely disappeared. It was during Brind's tenure of office at St. Paul's that Handel frequently took his place at the cathedral organ.
[Hawkins's History of Music (ed. 1853), ii. 767; Probate Register, Somerset House; Burial Register of St. Gregory by St.Paul; information from the Revs. E. Hoskins and W. Sparrow Simpson, and Mr. J. Chulloner Smith.]
W. B. S.
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Ichana

​ICHANA (Ἴχανα: Eth. Ἰχανῖνος), a city of Sicily, which, according to Stephanus of Byzantium, held out for a long time against the arms of the Syracusans, whence he derives its name (from the verb ἰχανάω, a form equivalent to ἰσχανάω), but gives us no indication of the period to which this statement refers. The Ichanenses, however, are mentioned by Pliny (iii. 8. s- 14) among the stipendiary towns of the interior of Sicily, though, according to Sillig (ad loc.) the true reading is Ipanenses. [Hippana.] In either case we have no clue to the position of the city, and it is a mere random conjecture of Cluverius to give the name of Ichana to the ruins of a city which still remain at a place called Vindicari, a few miles N. of Cape Pachynum, and which were identified (with still less probability) by Fazello as those of Imachara. [ Imachara]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Jabesh

​JABESH (Ἰάβεις, LXX.; Ἰάβης, Ἰάβισσα, Ἰαβισός, Joseph.), a city of Gilead, the inhabitants of which were exterminated, during the early times of the Judges (see xx. 28), for not having joined in the national league against the men of Gibeah (xxi. 9, &c.). Three centuries later, it was besieged by the Ammonite king, Nahash, when the hard terms offered to the inhabitants by the invaders roused the indignation of Saul, and resulted in the relief of the town and the rout of the Ammonites. (1 Sam. xi.) It was probably in requital for this deliverance that the inhabitants of Jabesh-Gilead, having heard of the indignity offered to the bodies of Saul and his sons after the battle of Gilboa, "arose, and went all night, and took the body of Saul, and the bodies of his sons, from the wall of Beth-shan, and came to Jabesh and burnt them there; and they took their bones and buried them under a tree at Jabesh, and fasted seven days." (1 Sam. xxxi. 11—13; 2 Sam. ii. 4—7.) It was situated, according to Eusebius, in the hills, 6 miles from Pella, on the road to Gerash; and its site was marked in his time by a large village (s.vv. Ἀρισώθ and Ἰάνις). The writer was unsuccessful in his endeavours to recover its site in 1842; but a tradition of the city is still retained in the name of the valley that runs into the plain of the Jordan, one hour and a quarter south of Wady Mus, in which Pella is situated. This valley is still called Wadi Yabes, and the ruins of the city doubtless exist, and will probably be recovered in the mountains in the vicinity of this valley. [ G. W. ]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Ichnae 2

​ICHNAE (Ἴχναι), Isid. Char. p. 3; Steph. B. s. v.), a small fortified town, or castle, in Mesopotamia, situated on the river Bilecha, which itself flowed into the Euphrates. It is said by Isidorus to have owed its origin to the Macedonians. There can be little doubt that it is the same place as is I called in Dion Cassius Ἴχνιαι (xl. 12), and in Plutarch Ἴσχνιαι (Crass, c. 25). According to the former writer, it was the place where Crassus overcame Talymenus: according to the latter, that to which the younger Crassus was persuaded to fly when wounded. Its exact position cannot be determined; but it is clear that it was not far distant j from the important town of Carrhae. [ V. ]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Jabneh

​JABNEH. [Iamnia.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Jaccetani

​JACCETA′NI (Ἰακκετανοί), the most important of the small tribes at the S. foot of the Pyrenees, in Hispania Tarraconensis, E. of the Vascones, and N. of the Ilergetes. Their country, Jaccetania (Ἰακκετανία), lay in the N. of Arragon, below the central portion of the Pyrenaean chain, whence it extended towards the Iberus as far as the neighbourhood of Ilerda and Osca; and it formed a part of the theatre of war in the contests between Sertorius and Pompey, and between Julius Caesar and Pompey's legates, Afranius and Petreius. (Strab. iii. p. 161; Caes. B. C. i. 60: concerning the reading, see Lacetani; Ptol. ii. 6. § 72.) None of their cities were of any consequence. The capital, Jacca (Jaca, in Biscaya), from which they derived their name, belonged, in the time of Ptolemy, to the Vascones, among whom indeed Pliny appears to include the Jaccetani altogether (iii. 3. s. 4). Their other cities, as enumerated by Ptolemy, and identified, though with no great certainty, by Ukert (vol. ii. pt. 1. p. 42.5), are the following:—Iespus (Ἰεσπος, Igualeda); Ceresus (Κερεσός, S. Columba de Ceralto); Anabis (Ἀνάβις, Tarrega); Bacasis (Βακασίς, Manresa, the district round which is still called Bages); Telobis (Τηλοβίς, Martorell); Ascerris (Ἀσκεῤῥίς, Sagarra); Udura (Οὔδουρα, Cardona); Lissa or Lesa (Λήσα, near Manresa); Setelsis (Σετελσις ἢ Σετελσις, Solsona); Cinna (Κίννα, near Guisona), perhaps the same place as the Scissum of Livy (xxi. 60, where the MSS. have Scissis, Stissum, Sisa), and the Cissa of ​Polybius (iii. 76: coins, ap. Sestini, pp. 132, 163; Num. Goth.). [ P. S. ]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Ichnae 1

​ICHNAE (Ἴχναι), a city of Bottiaea, in Macedonia, which Herodotus (vii. 123) couples with Pella. (Leake, Travels in Northern Greece, vol. iv. p. 582.) [ E. B. J. ]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Ichthyophagi

​ICHTHYO'PHAGI (Ἰχθυοφάγοι, Diod. iii. 15, seq.; Herod. iii. 19; Pausan. i. 33. § 4; Plin. vi. 30. s. 32), were one of the numerous tribes dwelling on each shore of the Red Sea which derived their appellation from the principal article of their diet. Fish-eaters, however, were not confined to this region: in the present day, savages, whose only diet is fish cast ashore and cooked in the sun, are found on the coasts of New Holland. The Aethiopian Ichthyophagi, who appear to have been the most numerous of these
tribes, dwelt to the southward of the Regio Troglodytica. Of these, and other more inland races, concerning whose strange forms and modes of life curious tales are related by the Greek and Roman writers, a further account is given under Troglodytes. [ W. B. D. ]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Jabbok

​JABBOK (Ἰοβακκος, Joseph.; Ἰαβώχ, LXX.), a stream on the east of Jordan, mentioned first in the history of Jacob (Gen. xxxii. 22). It formed, according to Josephus, the northern border of the Amorites, whose country he describes as isolated by the Jordan on the west, the Amon on the south, and the Jabbok on the north. (Ant. iv. 5. § 2.) He further describes it as the division between the dominions of Sihon, king of the Amorites, and Og, whom he calls king of Galadene and Gaulonitis (§ 3) — the Bashan of Scripture. In the division of the land among the tribes, the river Jabbok was assigned as the northern limit of Gad and Reuben. (Deut. iii. 16.) To the north of the river, in the country of Bashan, the half tribe of Manasseh had their possession (13, 14.) [Ammonitae; Amorites.] It is correctly placed by Eusebius (Onomast. s.v.) between Ammon, or Philadelphia, and Gerasa (Gerash); to which S. Jerome adds, with equal truth, that it is 4 miles from the latter. It flows into the Jordan. It is now called El-Zerka, and "divides the district of Moerad from the country called El-Belka." (Burckhardt's Syria, p. 347.) It was crossed in its upper part by Irby and Mangles, an hour and twenty minutes (exactly 4 miles) SW. of Gerash, on their way to Es-Szalt. (Travels, p. 319, comp. p. 475.) [ G. W. ]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Jacca

​JACCA. [Jaccetani; Vascones.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Ich

​ICH (Ἴχ), a river of Central Asia which only occurs in Menander of Byzantium (Hist. Legal. Barbarorum ad Romanos, p. 300, ed. Niebuhr, Bonn, 1829), surnamed the "Protector," and contemporary with the emperor Maurice, in the 6th century after Christ, to whom comparative geography is indebted for much curious information about the basin of the Caspian and the rivers which discharge themselves into it on the E. Niebuhr has recognised, in the passage from Menander to which reference has been made, the first intimation of the knowledge of the existence of the lake of Aral, after the very vague intimations of some among the authors of the classical period. Von Humboldt (Asie Centrale, vol. ii. p. 186) has identified the Ich with the Emba or Djem, which rises in the mountain range Aïruruk, not far from the sources of the Or, and, after traversing the sandy steppes of Saghiz and Bakoumbaï, falls into the Caspian at its NE. comer. (Comp. Levchine, Hordes et Steppes des Kirghiz-Kazaks, p. 65.) [ E. B. J. ]
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Blanford, Henry Francis

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​BLANFORD, HENRY FRANCIS (1834–1893)
Son of W. Blanford: born June 3, 1834: educated at Brighton, Brussels, and the Royal School of Mines: entered the Geological Survey of India in 1855: transferred to the Education Department in Bengal, 1862; Professor at the Presidency College, 1872: became Meteorological Reporter,first to the Government of Bengal and later to the Government of India: Hony. Secretary of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1863–8: F.G.S. 1862: F.R.S. 1880: retired in 1880: died Jan. 23, 1893. The excellence of his work in geology and meteorology, as displayed in his official duties, and his contributions to scientific publications, is acknowledged.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Blochmann, Henry Ferdinand

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​BLOCHMANN, HENRY FERDINAND (1838–1878)
Linguistic scholar: born at Dresden Jan. 8, 1838, the son of a printer: educated there, at Leipzig, and Paris: entered the English Army in 1858 to get out to India, left the Army, and joined the P. and O. Co.'s service as interpreter: in 1860 was made Assistant Professor of Urdu and Persian at the Calcutta Madrasa: graduated at the Calcutta University, 1861: after 3 years at the Doveton College, removed to the Madrasa, 1865, and became its President until his death: he was philological Secretary to the Asiatic Society of Bengal, and contributed many learned papers: translated Abul-Fazl's Ain-i-Akbari, the first volume, and wrote The Prosody of the Persians: he had a profound knowledge of Persian and Arabic: died July 13, 1878.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Blosset, Sir Robert Henry

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​BLOSSET, SIR ROBERT HENRY (1776–1823)
Son of the Rev. Dr. Henry Peckwell, an eminent preacher: he took his mother's name of Blosset: educated at Oxford: was Recorder of Cambridge: was appointed Chief Justice of Bengal in 1821: died Feb. 1, 1823. There are a monument and hatchment to his memory at St. John's Church, Calcutta.