OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Dulon, Rudolf

Edition of 1900.
​DULON, Rudolf, educator, b. in Stendal, Prussia, 30 April, 1807; d. in Rochester, N. Y., 12 April, 1869. He studied theology and philosophy in the University of Halle, and became rector of a school at Werben in 1831. He accepted pastorates at Flossau, near Osterberg, in 1836, and Magdeburg in 1843, and soon gained a reputation as a pulpit orator and a fearless expounder of liberal Christianity. In 1848 he received a call to the Liebfraukirche in Bremen, and while there entered enthusiastically into the political agitation of that time, strenuously opposing the illiberal measures of the Eichhorn ministry. In 1850 he established the Bremen “Daily Chronicle,” a social-democratic sheet, which was suppressed in 1851, and “The Alarmist,” a religious weekly. In 1852 the Bremen senate removed him from his charge; but sixteen years later this judgment was reversed by the appellate court of the free city of Lübec. As Prussia had demanded his extradition, Dr. Dulon fled, in 1853, first to Helgoland, and, in November following, to the United States. He became the pastor of an independent congregation in New York city, and at the same time issued a series of “Sabbath Leaves” in the interests of free religion. He subsequently devoted himself to the cause of education, and opened in the city of New York the first German-American school established in the United States, which the civil war finally compelled him to abandon. In July, 1866, he was chosen director of the new German-American “Realschule” in Rochester, N. Y., where he remained until his death. Gen. Franz Sigel, also a Prussian, taught in Dr. Dulon's New York school, and subsequently married one of his daughters. Dr. Dulon's works include “Die Geltung der Bekenntnissschriften in der reformirten Kirche” (Magdeburg, 1847); “Vom Kampf um Völkerfreiheit” (1849); “Der Tag ist angebrochen,” the sale of which was forbidden by the authorities (1852); and “Aus Amerika,” a review of educational work in this country (1865).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Downing, Colonel

Edition of 1900.
​DOWNING, Colonel, chief of the Cherokee Nation. After the death of his Indian wife he married, in 1871, Miss Ayers, a wealthy lady of Philadelphia, who removed with him to Talequah, devoting her life and fortune to the education of the Cherokees. She made her permanent home among the Indians, and adopted the son of the chief, Lewis Downing, for whom she built a handsome residence overlooking the village.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Drown, Thomas Messinger

Edition of 1900.
​DROWN, Thomas Messinger, chemist, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., 19 March, 1842. He was graduated at the Philadelphia high-school in 1859, and at the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania in 1862. Subsequently he studied at the Freiberg, Saxony, mining-school and in the University of Heidelberg. During 1869-'70 he was instructor of metallurgy in Harvard, and from 1874 till 1881 he held the chair of analytical chemistry in Lafayette college. In 1885 he was called to a similar place in the Massachusetts institute of technology, Boston. Prof. Drown was one of the original members of the American institute of mining engineers, its secretary, and editor of its “Transactions” from 1871 till 1884. He has published numerous professional papers on metallurgy and chemistry, and also addresses, which have appeared chiefly in the “Transactions of the American Institute of Engineers.”
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume V/Hippolytus/The Extant Works and Fragments of Hippolytus/Dogmatical and Historical/Fragments of Discourses or Homilies/Part 4

IV.
1. Take me, O Samuel, the heifer brought to Bethlehem, in order to show the king begotten of David, and him who is anointed to be king and priest by the Father.
2. Tell me, O blessed Mary, what that was that was conceived by thee in the womb, and what that was that was born by thee in thy virgin matrix. For it was the first-born Word of God that descended to thee from heaven, and was formed as a first-born man in the womb, in order that the first-born Word of God might be shown to be united with a first-born man.
3. And in the second (form),—to wit, by the prophets, as by Samuel, calling back and delivering the people from the slavery of the aliens. And in the third (form), that in which He was incarnate, taking to Himself humanity from the Virgin, in which character also He saw the city, and wept over it.

## Footnotes

* ↑ From a Discourse on Elkanah and Hannah. In Theodoret, Dial. I., bearing the title “Unchangeable” (ἄτρεπτος); Works, vol. iv. p. 36.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume V/Hippolytus/The Extant Works and Fragments of Hippolytus/Dogmatical and Historical/Fragments of Discourses or Homilies/Part 8

VIII.
Under the figure of Egypt he described the world; and under things made with hands, idolatry; and under the earthquake, the subversion, and dissolution of the earth itself. And he represented the Lord the Word as a light cloud, the purest tabernacle, enthroned on which our Lord Jesus Christ entered into this life in order to subvert error.

## Footnotes

* ↑ From a Discourse on the beginning of Isaiah. In Theodoret, Dial. I. p. 36.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume V/Hippolytus/The Extant Works and Fragments of Hippolytus/Dogmatical and Historical/Fragments of Discourses or Homilies/Part 9

IX.
Now Hippolytus, the martyr and bishop of [the Province of] Rome, in his second discourse on Daniel, speaks thus:—
Then indeed Azarias, standing along with the others, made their acknowledgments to God with song and prayer in the midst of the furnace. Beginning thus with His holy and glorious and honourable name, they came to the works of the Lord themselves, and named first of all those of heaven, and glorified Him, saying, “Bless the Lord, all ye works of the Lord.” Then they passed to the sons of men, and taking up their hymn in order, they then named the spirits [that people Tartarus beneath the earth,] and the souls of the righteous, in order that they might praise God together with them.

## Footnotes

* ↑ From a second Oration on Daniel. In the tractate of Eustratius, a presbyter of the Church of Constantinople, “Against those who allege that souls, as soon as they are released from the body, cease to act,” ch. xix., as edited by Allatius in his work on the Continuous Harmony of the Western and the Eastern Church on the Dogma of Purgatory, p. 492. [Conf. Macaire, Theol. Orthod., ii. p. 725.]
* ↑ [Nothing of this in the hymn: hence my brackets.]
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume V/Hippolytus/The Extant Works and Fragments of Hippolytus/Dogmatical and Historical/Fragments of Discourses or Homilies/Part 6

VI.
And an ark of imperishable wood was the Saviour Himself. For by this was signified the imperishable and incorruptible tabernacle (of His body), which engendered no corruption of sin. For the man who has sinned also has this confession to make: “My wounds stank, and were corrupt, because of my foolishness.” But the Lord was without sin, being of imperishable wood in respect of His humanity,—that is to say, being of the Virgin and the Holy Spirit, covered, as it were, within and without with the purest gold of the Word of God.

## Footnotes

* ↑ From an Oration on “The Lord is my Shepherd.” In Theodoret, Dial. I. p. 36.
* ↑ Ps. xxxviii. 5.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume V/Hippolytus/The Extant Works and Fragments of Hippolytus/Dogmatical and Historical/Fragments of Discourses or Homilies/Part 11

XI.
1. The body of the Lord presented both these to the world, the sacred blood and the holy water.
2. And His body, though dead after the manner of man, possesses in it great power of life. For streams which flow not from dead bodies flowed forth from Him, viz., blood and water; in order that we might know what power for life is held by the virtue that dwelt in His body, so as that it appears not to be dead like others, and is able to shed forth for us the springs of life.
3. And not a bone of the Holy Lamb is broken, this figure showing us that suffering toucheth not His strength. For the bones are the strength of the body.

## Footnotes

* ↑ From a Discourse on “The two Robbers.” In Theodoret’s Third Dialogue, bearing the title “Impassible” (ἀπαθὴς), p. 156.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume V/Hippolytus/The Extant Works and Fragments of Hippolytus/Dogmatical and Historical/Fragments of Discourses or Homilies/Part 5

V.
And for this reason three seasons of the year prefigured the Saviour Himself, so that He should fulfil the mysteries prophesied of Him. In the Passover season, so as to exhibit Himself as one destined to be sacrificed like a sheep, and to prove Himself the true Paschal-lamb, even as the apostle says, “Even Christ,” who is God, “our passover was sacrificed for us.” And at Pentecost so as to presignify the kingdom of heaven as He Himself first ascended to heaven and brought man as a gift to God.

## Footnotes

* ↑ From the same Discourse. From Theodoret’s Second Dialogue, bearing the title “Unmixed,” ἀσύγχυτος; Works, vol. iv. p. 88.
* ↑ 1 Cor. v. 7.
* ↑ [Man’s nature was never before in heaven. John iii. 13; Acts ii. 34.]
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume V/Hippolytus/The Extant Works and Fragments of Hippolytus/Dogmatical and Historical/Fragments of Discourses or Homilies/Part 7

VII.
1. He who rescued from the lowest hell the first-formed man of earth when he was lost and bound with the chains of death; He who came down from above, and raised the earthy on high; He who became the evangelist of the dead, and the redeemer of the souls, and the resurrection of the buried,—He was constituted the helper of vanquished man, being made like him Himself, (so that) the first-born Word acquainted Himself with the first-formed Adam in the Virgin; He who is spiritual sought out the earthy in the womb; He who is the ever-living One sought out him who, through disobedience, is subject to death; He who is heavenly called the terrene to the things that are above; He who is the nobly-born sought, by means of His own subjection, to declare the slave free; He transformed the man into adamant who was dissolved into dust and made the food of the serpent, and declared Him who hung on the tree to be Lord over the conqueror, and thus through the tree He is found victor.
2. For they who know not now the Son of God incarnate, shall know in Him who comes as Judge in glory, Him who is now despised in the body of His humiliation.
3. And the apostles, when they came to the sepulchre on the third day, did not find the body of Jesus; just as the children of Israel went up the mount and sought for the tomb of Moses, but did not find it.

## Footnotes

* ↑ From a Discourse on the “Great Song” [i.e., Ps. xc. See Bunsen, i. p. 285. Some suppose it Ps. cxix.] In Theodoret, Dial. II. pp. 88, 89.
* ↑ τὸν κάτω εἰς τὰ ἄνω. [See p. 238, note 17, supra.]
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume V/Hippolytus/The Extant Works and Fragments of Hippolytus/Dogmatical and Historical/Fragments of Discourses or Homilies/Part 2

II.
From the Discourse of St. Hippolytus, Bishop and Martyr, on the Divine Nature.
God is capable of willing, but not of not willing for that pertains only to one that changes and makes choice; for things that are being made follow the eternal will of God, by which also things that are made abide sustained.

## Footnotes

* ↑ From the Discourse on the Theology or the Doctrine of Christ’s Divine Nature, extant in the Acts of the Lateran Council, under Martinus 1., ann. 649, secret. v. p. 287, vol. vii. edit. Veneto-Labb.
* ↑ περὶ θεολογίας.
* ↑ οὐ τὸ μὴ θέλειν.
* ↑ τρεπτοῦ καὶ προαιρετοῦ.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume V/Hippolytus/The Extant Works and Fragments of Hippolytus/Dogmatical and Historical/Fragments of Discourses or Homilies/Part 3

III.
St. Hippolytus, Bishop and Martyr, in his Homily on the Paschal Supper.
He was altogether in all, and everywhere; and though He filleth the universe up to all the principalities of the air, He stripped Himself again. And for a brief space He cries that the cup might pass from Him, with a view to show truly that He was also man. But remembering, too, the purpose for which He was sent, He fulfils the dispensation (economy) for which He was sent, and exclaims, “Father, not my will,” and, “The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak.”

## Footnotes

* ↑ From a Homily on the Lord’s Paschal Supper, ibid., p. 293.
* ↑ ὅλος.
* ↑ καὶ ἄνθρωπος, also man. See Grabe, Bull’s Defens. Fid. Nic., p. 103.
* ↑ Luke xxii. 42.
* ↑ Matt. xxvi. 41.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Weidemeyer, John William

Edition of 1900.
​WEIDEMEYER, John William, author, b. in Fredericksburg, Va., 26 April, 1819. His father was an officer in the life-guards of Jerome Bonapart, king of Westphalia, with whom at an early age he came to New York city. Among the son's first teachers was Alexander T. Stewart, and he completed his education at the Columbia college grammar-school. For several years he taught at various seminaries in Ohio, but subsequently settled in New York city, where he entered on a business career. He made collections of lepidoptera, and discovered several important species, among which was the Limenitis Weidemeyerii of the Adirondack mountains. His large collection was purchased by the museum in Ratisbon, Germany. In connection with the study of entomology, he published “Catalogue of North-American Butterflies” (Philadelphia, 1864). He contributed to the “Christian Inquirer” and the “Atlantic Monthly,” and prepared political articles for various journals. In 1841 he wrote a play entitled “The Vagabonds,” which was produced at the Franklin theatre in New York city and the Arch street theatre in Philadelphia, and he has in preparation “Cæsar and Cleopatra,” an acting drama. Mr. Weidemeyer has also published “Real and Ideal: a Collection of Metrical Compositions by John W. Montclair” (Philadelphia, 1865); “Themes and Translations” (New York, 1867); “American Fish, and how to catch Them” (1885); and “From Alpha to Omega” (1889).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Weik, Jesse William

Edition of 1900. Supplement.
WEIK, Jesse William, b. in Greencastle, Ind., 23 Aug., 1857. His father emigrated from Germany to the United States in 1848; his mother was a native of Cincinnati. His education, begun in the public schools of his native town, was completed at Asbury — now De Pauw — university, from which institution he was graduated in 1875. After two years spent in business with his father, he began the study of law, and in 1880 he was admitted to practice. In 1882 he received an appointment as special examiner of the U. S. pension bureau, and was detailed to examine the merits of certain pension claims in the neighborhood of Springfield. While in the latter locality he began to familiarize himself with the life and history of Abraham Lincoln. He interviewed carefully and in detail all persons there and elsewhere who had been associated with or had known Lincoln in his lifetime. He also visited that section of Kentucky in which he was born, giving special attention to the questions of his birth and descent, and travelled through Southern Indiana amid the scenes of his obscure and humble boyhood. The results of these researches are embodied in a “Life of Lincoln,” which he, in company with Lincoln's law partner, Mr. William H. Herndon, produced in 1885-'9 (Chicago, 1889). A revised edition of this work, entitled “Herndon and Weik's Lincoln,” was issued in two volumes (New York, 1892). He has also been a frequent contributor to the newspapers in the west, his interesting articles being devoted to certain phases of President Lincoln's career and other contemporary historical subjects.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Weiss, George Michael

Edition of 1889.
​WEISS, or WEITZIUS, George Michael (wys), clergyman, b. in the Palatinate of the Rhine, Germany, in 1697; d. near Philadelphia, Pa., in 1762. He was ordained to the ministry at Heidelberg in 1725, and two years afterward emigrated to this country with 400 settlers. He went with them to Pennsylvania, organized a Reformed Dutch church at Skippack, returned to Holland, and collected funds for its support. He became pastor of German congregations in Schoharie and Dutchess counties, N. Y., in 1731, and labored there fourteen years, but was compelled to fly to Pennsylvania to escape the attacks of the Indians. From about 1746 until his death he preached in Old Gosenhoppen and Great Swamp, Pa. He published “An Account and Instruction relating to the Colony and Church of Pennsylvania, made up by the Deputies of the Synod of South Holland” (Amsterdam, 1730); a pamphlet concerning his arrangements with the classis of Amsterdam to care for the Germans in Pennsylvania (1731); and an “Account of the Indians” (1743).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Weiss, John

Edition of 1889.
​WEISS, John, author, b. in Boston, Mass., 28 June, 1818; d. there, 9 March, 1879. His father, a German Jew, was a barber in Worcester, Mass. John was graduated at Harvard in 1837, and at the divinity-school in 1843, meanwhile studying abroad. He then was settled over the Unitarian church in Watertown, Mass., but withdrew on account of his anti-slavery opinions, and was pastor at New Bedford a short time, resigning on account of the failure of his health. After several years of study and travel he resumed his pastorate in Watertown, and preached there in 1859-'70. Mr. Weiss was an ardent Abolitionist, an advocate of women's rights, a rationalist in religion, and a disciple of the transcendental philosophy. He delivered courses of lectures on “Greek Religious Ideas,” “Humor in Shakespeare,” and “Shakespeare's Women.” Of his lectures on Greek religious ideas, Octavius B. Frothingham says: “They were the keenest interpretation of the ancient myths, the most profound, luminous, and sympathetic, I have met with.” He is the author of many reviews, sermons, and magazine articles on literary, biographical, social, and political questions, “Life and Correspondence of Theodore Parker” (2 vols., New York, 1864), and “American Religion” (1871). He also edited and translated “Henry of Afterdingen,” a romance by Friedrich Van Hardenberg (Boston, 1842); “Philosophical and Æsthetic Letters and Essays of Schiller,” with an introduction (1845); and “Memoir of Johann G. Fichte,” by William Smith (1846).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Weiss, Susan Archer Talley

Edition of 1889.
​WEISS, Susan Archer Talley, poet, b. in Hanover county, Va., 14 Feb., 1835. Her father, Thomas Talley, a lawyer, removed in 1842 to Richmond, where she went to school for one year. At the age of eleven she became deaf, and afterward educated herself. During the civil war she was accused by the National authorities of being a spy, and was arrested and imprisoned at Fort McHenry, Baltimore. While there in 1863 she married Col. von Weiss, a German officer, who died in 1869. She has thrown new and favorable light on Poe's domestic character in a paper published in “Scribner's Monthly” in March, 1876.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Weitzel, Godfrey

Edition of 1889.
WEITZEL, Godfrey, soldier, b. in Cincinnati, Ohio, 1 Nov., 1835; d. in Philadelphia, Pa., 19 March, 1884. He was graduated at the U. S. military academy in 1855, became 1st lieutenant of engineers in 1860, and was attached to the staff of Gen. Benjamin F. Butler as chief engineer of the Department of the Gulf. After the capture of New Orleans he became assistant military commander and acting mayor of the city. He was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers, 29 Aug., 1862, routed a large force of the enemy at Labadieville, La., in October of that year, and was brevetted major in the U. S. army for that service. He became captain of engineers, 3 March, 1863, commanded the advance in Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks's operations in western Louisiana in April and May, 1863, a division at the siege of Port, Hudson, La., and a division in the 19th army corps in the Lafourche campaign. On 8 July, 1863, he was brevetted lieutenant-colonel, U. S. army, “for gallant and meritorious services at the siege of Port Hudson.” He joined in the western Louisiana campaign, and from May till September, 1864, was chief engineer of the Army of the James, being engaged at Swift's Creek, the actions near Drury's Bluff, and in constructing the defences of Bermuda Hundred, James River, and Deep Bottom. In August, 1864, he was brevetted major-general of volunteers “for meritorious and distinguished services during the civil war.” He commanded the 18th army corps from September till December, 1864, was brevetted colonel in the U. S. army “for gallant and meritorious services at the capture of Fort Harrison, 30 Sept., 1864,” became full major-general of volunteers on 7 Nov., was second in command of the first expedition to Fort Fisher, and in March and April, 1865, was in charge of all troops north of Potomac river during the final operations against Gen. Robert E. Lee's army, taking possession of Richmond, 3 April, 1865. In March, 1865, he was brevetted brigadier-general in the regular army for services in that campaign, and major-general in the same rank “for gallant and meritorious services in the field during the civil war.” He commanded the Rio Grande district, Texas, in 1865-'6, and was mustered out of volunteer service on 1 March of the latter year. He became major of engineers in 1866, and lieutenant-colonel in 1882, and from that date was in charge of various works of improvement in and near Philadelphia, and chairman of the commission advisatory to the board of harbor commissioners of that city.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Weisse, John Adam

Edition of 1889.
​WEISSE, John Adam (wys), philologist, b. in Ropperville, Lorraine, 3 Dec., 1810; d. in New York city, 12 Jan., 1888. He was graduated in classics and natural sciences at the college in Bitsche, and in chemistry and philosophy at the seminary in Metz, and subsequently became professor of French in the Imperial school in Vienna. He emigrated to this country in 1840, and during an eight-years' residence in Boston published a “Key to the French Language.” He went to Brussels in 1849, was graduated in medicine there in 1850, and settled in New York city, where he passed the remainder of his life. He retired from active practice several years previous to his death, devoting his later life to literary pursuits and lecturing before learned societies. He was president of the New York philological society. He published “Origin, Progress, and Destiny of the English Language and Literature,” which was favorably criticised by William E. Gladstone and Max Milller (New York, 1873), and “The Obelisk and Freemasonry” (1881).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Weiss, Lewis

Edition of 1889.
​WEISS, Lewis, jurist, b. in Berlin, Prussia. 28 Dec, 1717; d. in Philadelphia, Pa., 22 Oct., 1796. He was educated at Lindheim. near Frankfort-on- ​the-Maine, came to Pennsylvania in December, 1755, and settled in Philadelphia, where he was one of the founders of the German society, and its president in 1783-'4. He was commissioned by the executive council of the province, 20 May, 1786, a justice of the peace, and on 26 May a justice of the court of common pleas. He edited " Collection of the Laws of Pennsylvania" (1760-'2). Horace Bin- ney says of this collection : " It is valuable for several old laws not to be found in other editions, and especially for many proceedings in the privy council of England, repealing or disallowing certain of the laws of the province."