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# Benjamin Franklin, Self-Revealed/Volume I

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
SELF-REVEALED
A BIOGRAPHICAL AND CRITICAL STUDY BASED MAINLY ON HIS OWN WRITINGS
BY
WILLIAM CABELL BRUCE
IN TWO VOLUMES
VOLUME I
G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS NEW YORK AND LONDON The Knickerbocker Press 1917
CONTENTS
| | | PAGE |
| Introduction | | 1 |
| CHAPTER |
| I.— | Franklin's Moral Standing and System | 12 |
| II.— | Franklin's Religious Beliefs | 51 |
| III.— | Franklin, the Philanthropist and Citizen | 102 |
| IV.— | Franklin's Family Relations | 198 |
| V.— | Franklin's American Friends | 310 |
| VI.— | Franklin's British Friends | 372 |
| VII.— | Franklin's French Friends | 473 |
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1946, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 77 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
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# Benjamin Harris and His Wife Patience

As serialized in Once a Week.
* Part 1
* Part 2
* Part 3
# Benjamin Franklin, Self-Revealed

Benjamin Franklin, Self-Revealed is a biography of Benjamin Franklin written by William Cabell Bruce in 1917. A "biographical and critical study based mostly on Benjamin Franklin's own writings", the book won the Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography in 1918. Warning: template has been deprecated.
* Volume I
* Volume II
# Bicknell v. Comstock

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
113 U.S. 149
Bicknell v. Comstock
E. F. Bullard, for plaintiff in error.
A. B. Olmstead, for defendant in error.
MILLER, J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Bid adieu, my sad heart

Bid adieu, my sad heart, bid adieu to thy peace, Thy pleasure is past, and thy sorrows increase; See the shadows of ev'ning how far they extend, And a long night is coming, that never may end; For the sun is now set that enliven'd the scene, And an age must be past ere it rises again.
Already depriv'd of its splendour and heat, I feel thee more slowly, more heavily beat; Perhaps overstrain'd with the quick pulse of pleasure, Thou art glad of this respite to beat at thy leisure; But the sigh of distress shall now weary thee more Than the flutter and tumult of passion before.
The heart of a lover is never at rest, With joy overwhelm'd, or with sorrow oppress'd: When Delia is near, all is ecstasy then, And I even forget I must lose her again: When absent, as wretched as happy before, Despairing I cry, I shall see her no more.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
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# Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities (1879)/Delta Chi Alpha

A fraternity founded at Ohio Wesleyan University, in May, 1878, by Misses M. Conklin, L. Milward, A. H. Lewis, M. L. Perkins, E. F. Fowler, M. E. Gray, M. T. Beery, N. Geary, and S. Greenway. The badge is of silver, and consists of a monogram of the letters “ΔΧΑ,” encirc1ed by a frosted wreath. Colors, cardinal and ecru. Total number of members, 25.
# Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities (1879)/Delta Gamma

For current information, see Delta Gamma.
The society of the above name was foundecl at the Oxford Institute, Oxford, Miss., in 1872, by Misses Mary Comfort, Andra Boyd, Ella Boyd, and Eva Webb. No effort was made to establish chapters elsewhere until 1877, when in April a chapter was chartered at Peabody High School, Water Valley, Miss. The roll is as follows:
* Psi, Oxford Institute, 1872.
* Chi, Peabody High Sehool, 1877.
* Theta, Fairmount College, 1877.
* Upsilon, Bolivar College, 1878.
* Phi, Franklin College (Indiana), 1878.
The chapters so far are in the select boarding-schools for girls, and there is every reason to believe the organization a prosperous one. It has no dead chapters, and, in addition to those mentioned above, chapters are now in organization at Greenville, Miss., Trinity University, Tex., Ward’s Seminary, Nashville, Tenn., and at Chambersburg, Pa. The rapid extension of this society may make it a formidable rival of Kappa Alph Theta, and Kappa Kappa Gamma, and the other ladies’ societies in the West which do not have Greek names. The total number of members is now about 150. The badge is an anchor of white enamel, from the ring of which depends a cord of black. Above the flukes is a shield of white enamel having the letters “ΔΓ” in gold. The cross-bar of the anchor displays the letters “ΤΔΗ,” also in gold. No general convention has as yet been held; the first one will probably take place in January, 1880. The authority is now entirely in the hands of the Psi Chapter.
# Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities (1879)/Defunct fraternities
## Sigma Alpha Theta.

A fraternity originally organized in Ohio. It had an Epsilon Chapter at Hanover College, Indiana, which afterwards became the Phi Chapter of Delta Tau Delta. Nothing further is known of it.

## Kappa Phi Lambda.

A fraternity formerly in Ohio and Michigan. It established a Gamma Chapter at Ann Arbor, which lived four years, and one at Mount Union College, Ohio, which lived longer. The former died in 1868, and the latter in 1874. The badge was a shield displaying at the top a balance, immediately below a sunburst and mountain, and beneath a pennant bearing the letters “ΚΦΑ.” The whereabouts of other chapters is unknown.

## Theta Epsilon Mu.

A fraternity at Lenth College, since destroyed by fire; one other chapter existed but is now dead. The badge was a capital "E" in gold, encircled by a green wreath.

## Iota Alpha Kappa

This fraternity is supposed to have been founded at Union College, in 1858 or 1859. It possessed some twenty chapters during its active life, and did not confine its membership to college students. Some trouble arising among the chapters, the fraternity was disbanded at a convention held at Easton, Pa. in 1874.
The “Delta,” at Lafayette, became a chapter of Chi Phi, the Psi the Alpha of Phi Delta Kappa. Other chapters existed at Columbia, N. Y., etc.

## Upsilon Beta

A fraternity which once possessed chapters at Wabash College, Pennsylvania College, Franklin and Marshall, and several other institutions. The defection of the Grand Chapter, at Gettysburg, Pa., resulted in the disorganization of the fraternity, and the chapters joining other fraternities it soon passed from sight.
# Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities (1879)/Delta Beta Phi

This organization disbanded in 1882.
This fraternity, which may with justice be considered to be the youngest member of the great family of Greek‑Letter organizations, was founded at Cornell University, January, 1878, by four students, chiefly lower classmen, viz.: J. D. Hamrick, I. W. Kelly, J. S. Monroe, and Willard Olney.
A movement was soon put on foot to establish other chapters, and has resulted as follows:
* Alpha, Cornell University, 1878.
* Phi, Lehigh University, 1878.
* Sigma, Pennsylvania University, 1878.
* Psi, Lafayette College, 1878.
* Delta, New York City College, 1878.
The Alpha Chapter is an excellent one. The Phi, chiefly formed by members of the class of 1881, is poor, and is not flourishing. The Psi was formed from a local organization called "ΝΦΜ" established the previous year, and the Delta was built on the ruins of the ΑΩ of the same age as the society just mentioned.
The society badge is a rhomb like that of D. K. E. and Psi U., and has engraved on it the letters "ΔΒΦ," under which is placed a pair of crossed keys. There is also a star in each corner of the diamond. The colors are garnet and black.
# Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities (1879)/Delta Phi

For current information see Delta Phi.
The foundation of this fraternity took place immediately after that of Sigma Phi at Union College, in 1827. Its membership has been largely drawn from the old Knickerbocker families of New York and New Jersey, and consequently its chief strongholds have been Columbia and Rutgers, at which places to-day its best chapters are situated.
The charter members of the Alpha Chapter, and presumably the founders, were Benj. Bourroughs, Wm. H. Foudey, S. L. Lamberson, S. C. Lawrison, Ron. David J.Little, Thomas C. McClangey, John Mason, Hon. Jos. J. Masters, and Wm. Wilson. All are now deceased except Mr. Lawrison. For eleven years no effort was made to extend the fraternity, until, in 1838, the Beta Chapter was established at Brown. In 1854 overtures were made to Phi Kappa Psi with a view to uniting the two fraternities, but the negotiations were without result.
The roll of chapters is:
* Alpha, Union College, 1827.
* Beta, Brown University, 1838 (died 1878).
* Gamma, New York University, 1841.
* Delta, Columbia College, 1842.
* Epsilon, Rutgers College, 1845.
* Zeta, Harvard University, 1845 (died 1848).
* Eta, Pennsylvania University, 1849 (died 1871).
* Theta, Princeton College, 1854 (died 1876).
* Iota, Michigan University, 1855 (died 1875).
* Kappa, North Carolina University, 1865 (died 1861).
* Lambda, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1864.
* Mu, Madison University, 1874 (died 1876).
The Alpha has long been in a waning condition, though heroic efforts have been made to infuse new life into it. Its membership has averaged from two to five for the last four years. The Beta declined like the Alpha, and its two senior members graduated in 1878. It will probably be soon revived. The Gamma is also in a poor condition. The Delta is one of the best in the fraternity, and usually has a large number of members. The Epsilon is flourishing, and the last catalogue was issued under its supervision. The Zeta shared the general fate of the Harvard societies, and died with only twenty members. The Eta was withdrawn during a period of depression. Theta existed in secret for more than twenty years, but finally succumbed. It will probably be revived sub rosa. The Kappa was killed by the war, and the Mu never fairly started.
The catalogue of the fraternity has been twice issued. The total number of members is now about 1700, among whom are Wm. H. Seward, Jr., Hon. Samuel S. Cox (Sunset Cox), Gen. A. B. Underwood, of Massachusetts; Dr. Howard Crosby, of the New York University; Dr. R. O. Doremus, the chemist; Bishop Wm. E. Armitage, of Wisconsin; Dr. Cornelius R. Agnew; Prof. Nason, of Troy; and John Wand and Jos. A. Harper, the publishers.
The badge is a Maltese cross, in the centre of which is a circular disk displaying the letters "ΔΦ." In the arms of the cross are seen respectively a scroll and quill, a lighted antique lamp, two clasped hands, and in the lower arm a constellation of stars. The colors are blue and white.
# Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities (1879)/D.G.K.

This fraternity was established at Massachusetts Agricultural College, in 1868, by the following members of the class of 1871: G. H. Allen, W. P. Birnie, J. F. Fisher, F. S. Herrick, Geo. Leonard, L. A. Nichols, and A. D. Norcross. It grew out of the wishes of the founders to establish a society similar to the Greek-Letter organizations, and at the same time to avoid having a Greek fraternity in a college in which the study of that language formed no part of the course. Accordingly, it was made a German-Letter society under the name "Dah-Gay-Kah," or, more familiarly, D. G. K. The chapter was termed the "Aleph," after the old Gothic alphabet, and a second chapter has been organized this year at Boston University. It is proposed to hereafter establish chapters in the scientific colleges.
Since its foundation the society has been very prosperous, and now holds the first position in the college. The first reunion was held in June, 1879, at which time an address was delivered by J. H. Webb, '73. It seems to haye been an enjoyable occasion to all concerned. At the same time was issued a neat little pamphlet catalogue containing ninety names, and the first number of a fraternity journal, to be published quarterly, called the "Cycle."
The badge is a monogram of the three letters "D G K," the "D" in black, the "K" in gold, and the "G" in black studded with pearls. It is a very pretty pin. The chapter letter "/|" is worn as a guard-pin. The colors are magenta and gold.
# Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities (1879)/Class fraternities/Sophomore societies

The most important of the sophomore societies was, probably, Alpha Sigma Phi, mentioned elsewhere under the head of the chaptered fraternities. At the time of its decease at Yale it gave rise to two others, viz.:

## Phi Theta Psi.

Organized in 1864 on the death of Alpha Sigma Phi. It was largely literary in its character, and the majority of its members became members of Psi U. in the junior year. Its badge was a rectangle of gold. On it engraved a book, upon which was perched a golden raven, and below the letters “ΦΘΨ.” It was abolished by the faculty in 1875.

## Delta Beta Xi.

The second sophomore society founded on the ruins of Alpha Sigma Phi, and claiming to be its legitimate successor. It was supported by D. K. E., and was abolished at the same time as its rival. Its badge was the same as that of its predecessor, with the substitution of the letters “ΔΒΧ” for “ΑΣΦ.”

## Kappa Sigma Theta.

The first Yale sophomore society, organized in 1838. It existed prosperously for nearly twenty years, when a class difficulty put an end to its career at the time mentioned. It established a chapter at Amherst, and absorbed the Kappa Delta Phi, a local society at Wesleyan; the latter became a chapter of Psi Upsilon, and the former is now defunct. The society badge was a rectangle, upon which were engraved a head of Minerva and the letters “ΚΣΘ.”

## Kappa Delta Phi.

A sophomore-freshman society, founded at Wesleyan in 1838. It became a chapter of Kappa Sigma Theta in 1841, and afterwards was merged into Psi U., as above stated.

## Epsilon Gamma Sigma.

A sophomore society at the University of California, styling itself the Alpha Chapter of the State. It was founded in 1876.

## Sigma Gamma Delta.

A small sophomore society at the New York City College.

## Theta Nu Epsilon.

A sophomore society founded at Wesleyan University in 1870. The organization at Wesleyan called itself the “Alpha,” and has established chapters as follows:
* Alpha, Wesleyan University, 1870.
* Beta, Syracuse University, 1872.
* Gamma, Union College, 1874.
* Delta, Cornell University, 1877.
* Epsilon, Rochester University, 1878.
The aim of the society is social enjoyment and the promotion of class allegiance. Active membership is confined to the sophomore year. It is equipped with an the paraphernalia of a secret order, and no doubt serves an important purpose in college life.
Its badge is of gold, a grinning skull supported by two crossed keys, and having on its forehead the letters “ΘΝΕ.”
# Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities (1879)/College colors

* Violet. — New York University.
* Blue. — Yale.
* Green. — Dartmouth.
* Scarlet. — Rutgers.
* Crimson. — Harvard.
* Brown. — Brown.
* Purple. — Williams.
* White. — Bowdoin.
* Lavender. — Wesleyan.
* Pink. — Hamilton.
* Garnet. — Union.
* Pink. — Chicago University.
* Mauve. — Kenyon.
* Gray. — Colby.
* White and Blue. — Columbia.
* White and Blue. — Franklin and Marshall.
* White and Green. — Trinity.
* White and Purple. — Amherst.
* White and Maroon. — Massachusetts Agricultural College.
* White and Maroon. — Lafayette.
* White and Red. — Cornell.
* White and Scarlet. — Boston University.
* White and Red (Rose). — Dickinson.
* White and Red. — Monmouth.
* Blue and Pink. — Syracuse University.
* Blue and Gray. — Rochester University.
* Blue and Maize. — Michigan University.
* Blue and Gold. — California University.
* Blue and Brown. — Tufts College.
* Blue and Reel. — Pennsylvania University.
* Blue and Gray. — Georgetown College.
* Purple and Bismark. — Western Reserve.
* Purple and Gold. — Alfred University.
* Cardinal and Gray. — Virginia University.
* Cardinal and Gray. — Stevens Institute.
* Garnet and Pearl. — Swarthmore College.
* Orange and Black — Princeton.
The remaining colleges either use no colors or they were not reported.
# Birds of Passage

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Birds of Passage."
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Birds of Passage, a collection of poetry by Mathilde Blind
* Birds of Passage, a collection of poems by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
* Birds of Passage, a poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
* "Birds of Passage" in Littell's Living Age, 127 (1636), a poem by Erik Johan Stagnelius
* "Birds of Passage" in Littell's Living Age, 127 (1637), a poem by Johan Ludvig Runeberg
# Birds of Passage (Collection)
### Flight the First

* Birds of Passage
* Prometheus, or the Poet's Forethought
* Epimetheus, or the Poet's Afterthought
* The Ladder of St. Augustine
* The Phantom Ship
* The Warden of the Cinque Ports
* Haunted Houses
* In the Churchyard at Cambridge
* The Emperor's Bird's-Nest
* The Two Angels
* Daylight and Moonlight
* The Jewish Cemetery at Newport
* Oliver Basselin
* Victor Galbraith
* My Lost Youth
* The Ropewalk
* The Golden Mile-Stone
* Catawba Wine
* Santa Filomena
* The Discoverer of the North Cape
* Daybreak
* The Fiftieth Birthday of Agassiz
* Children
* Sandalphon

### Flight the Second

* The Children's Hour
* Enceladus
* The Cumberland
* Snow-Flakes
* A Day of Sunshine
* Something Left Undone
* Weariness

### Flight the Third

* Fata Morgana
* The Haunted Chamber
* The Meeting
* Vox Populi
* The Castle-Builder
* Changed
* The Challenge
* The Brook and the Wave
* Aftermath

### Flight the Fourth

* Charles Sumner
* Travels by the Fireside
* Cadenabbia
* Monte Cassino
* Amalfi
* The Sermon of St. Francis
* Belisarius
* Songo River

### Flight the Fifth

* The Herons of Elmwood
* A Dutch Picture
* Castles in Spain
* Vittoria Colonna
* The Revenge of Rain-in-the-Face
* To the River Yvette
* The Emperor's Glove
* A Ballad of the French Fleet
* The Leap of Roushan Beg
* Haroun Al Raschid
* King Trisanku
* A Wraith in the Mist
* The Three Kings
* Song: "Stay, Stay at Home, my Heart, and Rest."
* The White Czar
* Delia
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
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# Birds of Passage (Collection)/A Wraith in the Mist

"Sir, I should build me a fortification, if I came to live here." —BOSWELL'S Johnson.
On the green little isle of Inchkenneth, Who is it that walks by the shore, So gay with his Highland blue bonnet, So brave with his targe and claymore?
His form is the form of a giant, But his face wears an aspect of pain; Can this be the Laird of Inchkenneth? Can this be Sir Allan McLean?
Ah, no! It is only the Rambler, The Idler, who lives in Bolt Court, And who says, were he Laird of Inchkenneth, He would wall himself round with a fort.
# Birds of Passage (Collection)/Aftermath

written 1873
When the summer fields are mown, When the birds are fledged and flown, And the dry leaves strew the path; With the falling of the snow, With the cawing of the crow, Once again the fields we mow And gather in the aftermath.
Not the sweet, new grass with flowers Is this harvesting of ours; Not the upland clover bloom; But the rowen mired with weeds, Tangled tufts from marsh and meads, Where the poppy drops its seeds In the silence and the gloom.
# Birds of Passage (Collection)/A Dutch Picture

Simon Danz has come home again, From cruising about with his buccaneers; He has singed the beard of the King of Spain, And carried away the Dean of Jaen And sold him in Algiers.
In his house by the Maese, with its roof of tiles, And weathercocks flying aloft in air, There are silver tankards of antique styles, Plunder of convent and castle, and piles Of carpets rich and rare.
In his tulip-garden there by the town, Overlooking the sluggish stream, With his Moorish cap and dressing-gown, The old sea-captain, hale and brown, Walks in a waking dream.
A smile in his gray mustachio lurks Whenever he thinks of the King of Spain, And the listed tulips look like Turks, And the silent gardener as he works Is changed to the Dean of Jaen.
The windmills on the outermost Verge of the landscape in the haze, To him are towers on the Spanish coast, With whiskered sentinels at their post, Though this is the river Maese.
But when the winter rains begin, He sits and smokes by the blazing brands, And old seafaring men come in, Goat-bearded, gray, and with double chin And rings upon their hands.
They sit there in the shadow and shine Of the flickering fire of the winter night; Figures in color and design Like those by Rembrandt of the Rhine, Half darkness and half light.
And they talk of ventures lost or won, And their talk is ever and ever the same, While they drink the red wine of Tarragon, From the cellars of some Spanish Don, Or convent set on flame.
Restless at times with heavy strides He paces his parlor to and fro; He is like a ship that at anchor rides, And swings with the rising and falling tides, And tugs at her anchor-tow.
Voices mysterious far and near, Sound of the wind and sound of the sea, Are calling and whispering in his ear, Simon Danz! Why stayest thou here? Come forth and follow me!"
So he thinks he shall take to the sea again For one more cruise with his buccaneers, To singe the beard of the King of Spain, And capture another Dean of Jaen And sell him in Algiers.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Birds of Passage (Collection)/A Day of Sunshine

O gift of God! O perfect day: Whereon shall no man work, but play; Whereon it is enough for me, Not to be doing, but to be!
Through every fibre of my brain, Through every nerve, through every vein, I feel the electric thrill, the touch Of life, that seems almost too much.
I hear the wind among the trees Playing celestial symphonies; I see the branches downward bent, Like keys of some great instrument.
And over me unrolls on high The splendid scenery of the sky, Where though a sapphire sea the sun Sails like a golden galleon,
Towards yonder cloud-land in the West, Towards yonder Islands of the Blest, Whose steep sierra far uplifts Its craggy summits white with drifts.
Blow, winds! and waft through all the rooms The snow-flakes of the cherry-blooms! Blow, winds! and bend within my reach The fiery blossoms of the peach!
O Life and Love! O happy throng Of thoughts, whose only speech is song! O heart of man! canst thou not be Blithe as the air is, and as free?
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
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