OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# American Medical Biographies/Park, John Gray

​Park, John Gray (1838–1905)
John Gray Park, alienist of Worcester, Massachusetts, was born in Groton, Massachusetts, January 3, 1838, the son of John G. and Maria Thayer Park. He graduated at Harvard University with the degree of A. B. in 1858. While pursuing the study of medicine at the Harvard Medical School in 1861 he became an interne at the Massachusetts General Hospital. In February, 1862, he was appointed an acting assistant surgeon in the U. S. Navy and served as such until November, 1865, when he was honorably discharged. He resumed his medical studies and received the degree of M. D. in 1866, soon afterwards opening an office in Worcester, Mass. In 1871, he was appointed superintendent of the Worcester City Hospital, then just opened. In October, 1872, he married Elizabeth B., daughter of Hon. A. F. Lawrence of Groton, and in the same month received an appointment as assistant superintendent of the Worcester Insane Hospital, a position he filled until 1877, when he was made superintendent of this institution. He served in this capacity until his retirement in 1890. He spent the summer of 1881 in Europe and devoted special attention to English methods of caring for the insane.
He perfected the superb institution over which he had been placed, and was ever a sagacious and prudent administrator. He was an excellent organizer, and a good man of business, and under his management the Worcester Lunatic Hospital enjoyed a deserved prosperity. After the failure of his health in 1890, he resigned from the hospital, and removed to his former home at Groton, Massachusetts, where he continued to reside until his death, although several winters were passed in California.
In 1894 he was appointed by the Governor one of the commissioners to build the Medfield (Massachusetts) Insane Hospital, and later was chairman of the board of trustees, a position he held during the remainder of his life.
His health gradually failed and he finally entered the Worcester City Hospital for treatment, where he died of cirrhosis of the liver, August 29, 1905. One son, Lawrence Park, an architect of Boston, living in Groton, survived him, together with three grandchildren.
# American Medical Biographies/Parrish, Isaac

​Parrish, Isaac (1811–1852)
Isaac Parrish was born March 19, 1811. His father was Dr. Joseph Parrish (q. v.), and his mother Susanna Coxe. He was educated in the Friends School, which had numbered among its pupils his father and Drs. James, Wistar, Physick and Dorsey.
His medical studies were begun with his father in 1829, and were continued at the University of Pennsylvania, where he graduated in 1832, afterwards spending a year in Blockley Hospital.
In February, 1834, a month before the institution was open for patients, Parrish was appointed a surgeon at Wills Hospital, where he served eighteen years until his death in 1852.
Parrish's best piece of work is "Remarks on Spinal Irritation as Connected with Nervous Diseases," published in The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 1832, vol. x, pp. 294–314. It gives personal experience of cases in the Philadelphia Almshouse, and seeks to establish a rational basis for the classification of the various neuroses.
In 1834 he married Sarah Redwood Longstreth, daughter of Samuel Longstreth, a Philadelphia merchant.
Parrish died in his forty-second year, July 31, 1852.
# American Medical Biographies/Musser, John Herr

​Musser, John Herr (1856–1912)
John H. Musser, eminent clinician, teacher and writer, was bom at Strasburg, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, the twenty-second of June, 1856. He was the son of Dr. Benjamin Musser, the son of Dr. Martin Musser, the son of Dr. Benjamin Musser; his mother was Naomi Musser; thus his forebears back to his great grandfather were physicians, as was a son, John H., who followed him.
He was educated at the Millersville State Normal School, and the University of Pennsylvania Medical School, where he graduated in 1877. He married Agnes Harper in 1880, by whom he had five children, the three oldest surviving.
He was a resident of the Philadelphia Hospital (Blockley), and then a successful quiz-master and bedside investigator; he soon acquired all the traditions of the older school as typified in the then professor of medicine Alfred Stillé (q. v.). He was first assistant professor of clinical medicine in the University of Pennsylvania 1889–98; professor of clinical medicine 1898–1912. He was the director of the department of research in medicine in the University of Pennsylvania, and in 1911 refused the didactic chair of medicine, as his greatest ambition ever lay in clinical lines, and a large consulting practice left no time for the pressing duties of the chair.
He inaugurated and remained the directing head of the Social Service Department of the University of Pennsylvania Hospital.
Musser had both unusual opportunities and a rare gift for making friends, and was constantly active as a member of numerous medical societies, especially in the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, in the Association of American Physicians, and in the American Medical Association, of which he was president in 1903.
He was the author of "Medical Diagnosis" (five editions) of "Practical Treatment" and editor of "Diseases of the Lungs and Pleura," in Nothnagel's Practice, Vol. IV, as well as a System of Therapeutics with A. O. J. Kelly.
His early and steady progress in diagnostic skill was manifestly due in large measure to his zeal for autopsies in his Blockley days and later. He was pathologist to the Presbyterian Hospital, and a president of the Philadelphia Pathological Society. His clinical work was done at Blockley Hospital, at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, and at the Presbyterian Hospital.
Musser in an illustration of the possibilities which lie within the grasp of the average life of a man of good mentality who consistently and persistently turns his energies in one specific direction and says "This one thing I do and I am determined to do it well." He thus became by successive degrees a leading consultant in a great metropolis, a well-read scientific physician, an acceptable teacher, and a pathologist to a grade rarely found in the ranks of our general practitioners.
His sterling character and his rare qualities as a friend cannot be portrayed in a brief biography.
Troubled for some years with a weak heart, he died after a brief acute illness the third of April, 1912.
# American Medical Biographies/Norcom, William Augustus Blount

​Norcom, William Augustus Blount (1836–1881)
He was born in Edenton, North Carolina, May 24, 1836, the youngest son of Dr. James Norcom, a learned physician of that place. His early education was at home with his father, but he afterwards went to the Edenton Academy. He did not take a college course and graduated in medicine from the University of Pennsylvania in 1857, afterwards settling in his native town. When the Civil War broke out he was appointed assistant surgeon in the hospital at Petersburg, Virginia.
He was president of the Medical Society of North Carolina in 1874, and a member of the Board of Examiners from 1872 to 1878. His presidential address on "Malarial Hemorrhagic Fever" was a valuable contribution to the literature of that disease. Another of his comprehensive papers was "The Modern Treatment of Acute Internal Inflammation" (1868). Dr. Norcom was particularly noted for his scholarly attainments and wonderful powers of memory. Page after page of his favorite authors he could repeat by heart. He lived in an atmosphere of medical events and was said to be more enthusiastic about medicine than ardent in its practice. He died in St. Vincent's Hospital, Baltimore, February 28, 1881.
# American Medical Biographies/Parkhill, Clayton

​Parkhill, Clayton (1860–1902)
He was born on a farm in Vanderbilt, Pennsylvania, on April 18, 1860, and in 1881 entered Jefferson Medical College (Philadelphia) and graduated in 1883. He was then appointed physician to the Philadelphia Hospital and served one year. In the meantime, he completed a course at the Pennsylvania School of Anatomy and Surgery under Dr. George McClellan (q. v.), and subsequently became his assistant. Leaving Philadelphia, he settled in Denver, Colorado, in 1885.
He was demonstrator of anatomy in the University of Denver and, on the Gross Medical School being organized, was appointed to the same position and also to that of professor of clinical surgery. He left here for the chair of surgery in the University of Colorado at Boulder, and was also dean of the latter school.
About this time he devised his apparatus for cleft palate, a jurymast for fractures of the maxilla and a clamp for the treatment of fractures of long bones (Annals of Surgery, May, 1898). By the latter, a valuable apparatus, he is best known to the profession.
In 1898 he was appointed surgeon-general of the National Guard by Gov. Mclntire and was re-appointed by his successor, Gov. Adams. During the latter's administration, war broke out between the United States and Spain and Dr. Parkhill became surgeon to the First Colorado Regiment with rank of major. He went to San Francisco with the regiment, but not to the Philippines. He was promoted to the position of brigade-surgeon and was transferred to the camps of the South and Porto Rico and served on Gen. Miles' staff in Porto Rico, where he rendered splendid service. After the close of the war, he was honorably discharged, returned to Denver and resumed work, though in impaired health. He was a man of splendid address, of genial nature, a fine teacher and brilliant surgeon, scrupulously neat, possessed mechanical ingenuity and his technic was faultless. He died in Denver, January 16, 1902, from acute appendicitis, complicated with nephritis and uremia. Though himself a surgeon, who never shrank from duty, yet, unlike most surgeons, he would not submit to the knife.
He married S. Effie Brown, of Redstone, Pennsylvania, April 28, 1886, and had two sons, Clayton, Jr. and Forbes.
A list of his writings may be found in the library of the Surgeon-General's office, Washington, D. C.
# American Medical Biographies/Parrish, Joseph (1779–1840)

​Parrish, Joseph (1779–1840)
Joseph Parrish, private medical teacher, was born in Philadelphia, September 2, 1779, of Quaker parents, and started in life as a hatter, but when he became of age, turned to the study of medicine, and became a student under Dr. Caspar Wistar (q. v.). He took his medical degree at the University of Pennsylvania in 1805, and in the same year, became resident physician at the yellow fever hospital. From 1806–12 he held the same post at the Philadelphia Dispensary; from 1816–22, at Philadelphia Almshouse, and 1816–29, at Pennsylvania Hospital. He was associated in the establishment of the Wills Hospital, and was an active member of the College of Physicians. He was one of the foremost Philadelphia physicians who at that time took an active interest in natural history as well as in scientific medicine. Among other studies which led to considerable popular reputation, was his demonstration that the poplar worm is harmless. It had hitherto been supposed to be venomous and trees were being ruthlessly destroyed because a man was found dead with a worm beside him. In 1807 he gave what was then a novelty, a popular course of lectures on chemistry. This led some seven or eight years later to systematic courses of lectures on chemistry, anatomy and materia medica, and he had constantly from ten to thirty pupils with him until the year 1830, being one of the foremost private medical teachers of the time.
In 1808 he married Susanna, daughter of John Coxe of Burlington, New Jersey.
He was an editor of the North American Medical and Surgical Journal. According to Dr. George B. Wood, "perhaps no one was known more extensively in the city or had connected himself by a greater number of beneficent services to every ramification of society." From 1806 to 1822 he was surgeon to the Philadelphia Almshouse, where he gave lectures that were well attended, and in 1816 he succeeded Dr. Physic as surgeon to the Pennsylvania Hospital, a position he filled with honor until 1829, when he resigned because of failing health. He wrote "Practical Observations on Strangulated Hernia and Some of the Diseases of the Urinary Organs," Philadelphia, 1805, and an appendix for the first American edition from the corrected London edition of Lawrence's "Treatise on Ruptures," Philadelphia, 1811. He died in Philadelphia, March 18, 1840, leaving two sons, Dr. Isaac and Dr. Joseph Parrish (q. v.).
# American Medical Biographies/Parrish, Joseph (1818–1891)

* related authors: Joseph Parrish.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
​Parrish, Joseph (1818–1891)
Joseph Parrish was born November 11, 1818, the son of Dr. Joseph Parrish (q. v.) and Susanna Coxe. He entered the College Department of the University of Pennsylvania, but left at the end of the freshman year and entered the Medical Department, and graduated in 1844. He began to practise in Burlington, New Jersey, but returned to his native city in 1855, and the following year took the chair of obstetrics in the Philadelphia Medical College. Resigning soon after, he went abroad until 1857, when he returned and was made superintendent of the Pennsylvania School for Feeble Minded Children at Media. At the opening of the Civil War he was connected with the U. S. Sanitary Commission, and visited hospitals and camps in the interest of supplies and hospital stores. He was also active in organizing auxiliary associations in various states. After the war he established the Maryland Sanitarium for Inebriates, near Baltimore, which he conducted for seven years. In 1875 he went back to Burlington and conducted a home for nervous patients. The energies of Dr. Parrish's life were largely devoted to the treatment and care of inebriates.
He was instrumental in founding the American Association for the Cure of Inebriates, and was its president for many years. He was vice-president of the International Congress on Inebriety in England in 1882, and was a member of many home and foreign societies. He wrote a number of papers on this subject. In 1848 he established the New Jersey Medical and Surgical Reporter, the forerunner of the Medical and Surgical Reporter of Philadelphia. During the war he edited the Sanitary Commission Bulletin.
His wife was Lydia, the daughter of Caleb Gaskill of Burlington. He died January 15, 1891.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zotteln

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry zotteln. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zotteln, verb, ‘to move clumsily, shuffle along,’ from Middle High German zoten, ‘to walk slowly, saunter’; compare English tottle, toddle, totter; allied to Zotte (1).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zu

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry zu. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zu, preposition, ‘to, in addition to, at, in order to’; adverb, ‘to, towards,’ from the equivalent Middle High German zuo (Middle German zû), Old High German zuo, zua, zô; compare the corresponding Old Saxon tô, Dutch toe, Old Frisian tô, Anglo-Saxon tô, English to; wanting in Old Icelandic and Gothic (for which Scandinavian til and Gothic du occur). It corresponds in non-Teutonic to Lithuanian da-, Old Irish do, as well as to Zend -da, Greek -δε, and Latin -do, which are used enclitically.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zerstreut

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry zerstreut. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zerstreut, adjective, ‘scattered, dispersed’; first formed in the last century from French distrait.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/ziehen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry ziehen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ ziehen, verb, ‘to draw, pull, march,’ from the equivalent Middle High German ziehen, Old High German ziohan; a common Teutonic strong verb; compare Gothic tiuhan, Old Saxon tiohan, Anglo-Saxon teon. The Teutonic verbal root tuh (tug) corresponds to an Aryan root duk, which has been preserved in Latin dûco, ‘to lead.’ From the same root the cognates of Zaum, Zeug, Zecht (Herzog), and the (properly) Low German Tau, neuter, are derived.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zirpen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry zirpen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zirpen, verb, ‘to chirp,’ Modern High German only; a recent onomatop. form. So too zischeln, verb, ‘to whisper,’ and zischen, verb, ‘to hiss, whiz'; Modern High German only; in Middle High German, zispezen, neuter, ‘hissing.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zittern

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry zittern. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zittern, verb, ‘to tremble, shake, quiver,’ from the equivalent Middle High German zitern, zittern, Old High German zittarôn, weak verb; corresponding to Old Icelandic titra, ‘to twinkle, wink, tremble’ (old tr remains unpermutated in High German; compare bitter, Splitter, and treu). Zittern is one of the few Teutonic verbs which have a reduplicated present (see beben). From the implied primitively Teutonic *ti-trô-mi the transition to the weak ô conjugation is easily understood, just as the change of Teutonic *rî-rai-mi, ‘I tremble’ (compare Gothic reiran, ‘to shake,’ from an Aryan root rai-), to the similarly sounding weak ai conjugation. In the non-Teutonic languages no cognates of zittern have been found (Aryan root drā̆?). The German word was adopted by Danish; compare Danish zittre, ‘to shake.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zertrümmern

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry zertrümmern. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zertrümmern, verb, ‘to destroy, shatter, lay in ruins,’ formed from Modern High German Trümmer, ‘fragments, ruins’; in Middle High German zerdrumen, ‘to hew to pieces,’ from Middle High German drum, ‘piece, splinter.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zeter

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry zeter. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zeter, interjection (especially in Zetergeschrei, ‘cry of murder, loud outcry,’ from Middle High German zêtergeschreie), from the equivalent Middle High German zêter (zëtter), ‘cry for help, of lamentation, or of astonishment’; not recorded elsewhere.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/ziemen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry ziemen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ ziemen, verb, ‘to beseem, become, suit,’ from Middle High German zëmen, Old High German zëman, ‘to beseem, suit, be adapted, gratify'; corresponding to Gothic gatiman, Old Saxon tëman, Dutch betamen, strong verb, ‘to be proper, suit.’ It has been suggested under zahm that Old High German zeman, ‘to suit,’ is a deduction from the causative zähmen (see zahm and Zunft). Allied to ziemlich, adjective, ‘suitable, moderate, tolerable,’ from Middle High German zimelich, ‘proper, adapted.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zimperlich

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry zimperlich. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zimperlich, adjective, ‘prim. prudish, affected,’ a Middle German form for the genuine Upper German zimpferlich; compare Middle Dutch zimperlije, usually simpellje, equivalent to Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish dialectic simper, semper, ‘fastidious,’ English to simper.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rahm

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Rahm. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rahm, masculine, ‘cream, crust of mould or mildew,’ from the equivalent Middle High German roum, masculine; compare Dutch room, Anglo-Saxon reám (earlier Modern English ream), Old Icelandic rjóme, ‘cream.’ The â of the Modern High German form compared with Old High German *roum (Thuringian roum) is dialectal (compare Middle High German strâm and stroum under Strom). The origin of these cognates has not yet been discovered.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Raigras

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Raigras. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Raigras, neuter, Modern High German only, from the equivalent English ray-grass, or rather from its phonetic variant rye-grass.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rad

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Rad. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rad, masculine, ‘wheel,’ from the equivalent Middle High German rat (genitive rades), Old High German rad, neuter; corresponding to Low German and Dutch rad (compare also Old Frisian reth). The word is confined to Middle European Teutonic; it is wanting in English, Scandinavian, and Gothic; this, however, is no reason for assuming that the word is borrowed from Latin rota. Since Old High German rad is based on pre-Teutonic rotho-m, rothos, neuter, (Gothic *raþa-), ‘wheel,’ it is primitively cognate with the equivalent Old Irish roth, masculine, and Latin rota, and likewise with Lithuanian rátas, ‘wheel.’ The corresponding Sanscrit ratha-s (rathas, neuter in ráthas-páti) signifies ‘car,’ especially ‘war chariot’ (for the root roth see under rasch), while Sanscrit cakra, Greek κύκλος, corresponding to Anglo-Saxon hweol, English wheel, also means ‘wheel’ in Aryan. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rahe

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Rahe. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rahe, feminine, also Raa (under Low German and Dutch influence), ‘yard’ (of a ship), from Middle High German rahe, feminine, ‘pole’; corresponding to Dutch ra, ‘sail-yard,’ Old Icelandic rá, feminine, ‘sail-yard’ (Gothic *răha, feminine, ‘pole’). Rahe is native, both to Upper German and Low German; compare Bavarian raχe, ‘pole.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rahmen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Rahmen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rahmen, masculine, ‘frame, border,’ from Middle High German ram, rame, masculine and feminine, ‘prop. framework, frame for embroidery or weaving,’ Old High German rama, ‘pillar, prop’; compare Dutch roum, ‘frame.’ Allied probably to Gothic hramjan, ‘to crucify,’ literally ‘to fasten to a pillar or prop’(?) which may, however, be cognate with Greek κρεμάννυμι. Rahmen, properly ‘setting,’ is usually connected with Old Slovenian kroma, feminine, ‘border.’