# New Jersey P.L.1990, c.28

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CHAPTER 28, LAWS OF 1990
AN ACT concerning water pollution control and prevention, amending and supplementing P.L.1977, c.74, supplementing P.L.1983, c.230 (C.58:11-64 et seq.), amending P.L.1974, c.169 and P.L.1972, c.42, creating a "Clean Water Enforcement Fund" and a "Wastewater Treatment Operators' Training Account".
BE IT ENACTED by the Senate and General Assembly of the State of New Jersey:
    1. Section 3 of P.L.1977, c.74 (C.58:10A-3) is amended to read as follows:
C.58:10A-3 Definitions.
    3. As used in this act, unless the context clearly requires a different meaning, the following words and terms shall have the following meanings:
    a. "Administrator" means the Administrator of the United States Environmental Protection Agency or his authorized representative;
    b. "Areawide plan" means any plan prepared pursuant to section 208 of the Federal Act;
    c. "Commissioner" means the Commissioner of Environmental Protection or his authorized representative;
    d. "Department" means the Department of Environmental Protection;
    e. "Discharge" means an intentional or unintentional action or omission resulting in the releasing, spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying, or dumping of a pollutant into the waters of the State, onto land or into wells from which it might flow or drain into said waters or into waters or onto lands outside the jurisdiction of the State, which pollutant enters the waters of the State. "Discharge" includes the release of any pollutant into a municipal treatment works;
    f. "Effluent limitation" means any restriction on quantities, quality, rates and concentration of chemical, physical, thermal, biological, and other constituents of pollutants established by permit, or imposed as an interim enforcement limit pursuant to an administrative order, including an administrative consent order;
    g. "Federal Act" means the "Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972" (Public Law 92-500; 33 U.S.C. §1251 et seq.);
    h. "Municipal treatment works" means the treatment works of any municipal, county, or State agency or any agency or subdivision created by one or more municipal, county or State governments and the treatment works of any public utility as defined in R.S.48:2-13;
    i. "National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System" or "NPDES" means the national system for the issuance of permits under the Federal Act;
    j. "New Jersey Pollutant Discharge Elimination System" or "NJPDES' means the New Jersey system for the issuance of permits under this act;
    k. "Permit" means a NJPDES permit issued pursuant to section 6 of this act. "Permit" includes a letter of agreement entered into between a delegated local agency and a user of its municipal treatment works, setting effluent limitations and other conditions on the user of the agency's municipal treatment works;
    l. "Person" means any individual, corporation, company, partnership, firm, association, owner or operator of a treatment works, political subdivision of this State and any state or interstate agency. "Person" shall also mean any responsible corporate official for the purpose of enforcement action under section 10 of this act;
    m. "Point source" means any discernible, confined and discrete conveyance, including but not limited to, any pipe, ditch, channel, tunnel, conduit, well, discrete fissure, container, rolling stock, concentrated animal feeding operation, or vessel or other floating craft, from which pollutants are or may be discharged;
    n. "Pollutant" means any dredged spoil, solid waste, incinerator residue, sewage, garbage, refuse, oil, grease, sewage sludge, munitions, chemical wastes, biological materials, radioactive substance, thermal waste, wrecked or discarded equipment, rock, sand, cellar dirt, and industrial, municipal or agricultural waste or other residue discharged into the waters of the State. "Pollutant" includes both hazardous and nonhazardous pollutants;
    o. "Pretreatment standards" means any restriction on quantities, quality, rates, or concentrations of pollutants discharged into municipal or privately owned treatment works adopted pursuant to P.L.1972, c.42 (C.58:11-49 et seq.);
    p. "Schedule of compliance" means a schedule of remedial measures including an enforceable sequence of actions or operations leading to compliance with water quality standards, an effluent limitation or other limitation, prohibition or standard;
    q. "Substantial modification of a permit" means any significant change in any effluent limitation, schedule of compliance, compliance monitoring requirement, or any other provision in any permit which permits, allows, or requires more or less stringent or more or less timely compliance by the permittee;
    r. "Toxic pollutant" means any pollutant identified pursuant to the Federal Act, or any pollutant or combination of pollutants, including disease causing agents, which after discharge and upon exposure, ingestion, inhalation or assimilation into any organism, either directly or indirectly by ingestion through food chains, will, on the basis of information available to the commissioner, cause death, disease, behavioral abnormalities, cancer, genetic mutations, physiological malfunctions, including malfunctions in reproduction, or physical deformation, in such organisms or their offspring;
    s. "Treatment works" means any device or systems, whether public or private, used in the storage, treatment, recycling, or reclamation of municipal or industrial waste of a liquid nature including intercepting sewers, outfall sewers, sewage collection systems, cooling towers and ponds, pumping, power and other equipment and their appurtenances; extensions, improvements, remodeling, additions, and alterations thereof; elements essential to provide a reliable recycled supply such as standby treatment units and clear well facilities; and any other works including sites for the treatment process or for ultimate disposal of residues resulting from such treatment. "Treatment works" includes any other method or system for preventing, abating, reducing, storing, treating, separating, or disposing of pollutants, including storm water runoff, or industrial waste in combined or separate storm water and sanitary sewer systems;
    t. "Waters of the State" means the ocean and its estuaries, all springs, streams and bodies of surface or ground water, whether natural or artificial, within the boundaries of this State or subject to its jurisdiction;
    u. "Hazardous pollutant" means:
       (1) Any toxic pollutant;
       (2) Any substance regulated as a pesticide under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, Pub.L.92-516 (7 U.S.C. §136 et seq.);
       (3) Any substance the use or manufacture of which is prohibited under the federal Toxic Substances Control Act, Pub.L.94469 (15 U.S.C. §2601 et seq.);
       (4) Any substance identified as a known carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer;
       (5) Any hazardous waste as designated pursuant to section 3 of P.L.1981, c.279 (C.13:1E-51) or the "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act," Pub.L.94-580 (42 U.S.C. § 6901 et seq.); or
       (6) Any hazardous substance as defined pursuant to section 3 of P.L.1976, c.141 (C.58:10-23.11b);
    v. "Serious violation" means an exceedance of an effluent limitation for a discharge point source set forth in a permit, administrative order, or administrative consent agreement, including interim enforcement limits, by 20 percent or more for a hazardous pollutant, or by 40 percent or more for a nonhazardous pollutant, calculated on the basis of the monthly average for a pollutant for which the effluent limitation is expressed as a monthly average, or, in the case of an effluent limitation expressed as a daily maximum and without a monthly average, on the basis of the monthly average of all maximum daily test results for that pollutant in any month; in the case of an effluent limitation for a pollutant that is not measured by mass or concentration, the department shall prescribe an equivalent exceedance factor therefor. The department may utilize, on a case-by-case basis, a more stringent factor of exceedance to determine a serious violation if the department states the specific reasons therefor, which may include the potential for harm to human health or the environment. "Serious violation" shall not include a violation of a permit limitation for color;
    w. "Significant noncomplier" means any person who commits a serious violation for the same hazardous pollutant or the same nonhazardous pollutant, at the same discharge point source, in any two months of any six month period, or who exceeds the monthly average or, in a case of a pollutant for which no monthly average has been established, the monthly average of the daily maximums for an effluent limitation for the same pollutant at the same discharge point source by any amount in any four months of any six month period, or who fails to submit a completed discharge monitoring report in any two months of any six month period. The department may utilize, on a case-by-case basis, a more stringent frequency or factor of exceedance to determine a significant noncomplier, if the department states the specific reasons therefor, which may include the potential for harm to human health or the environment. A local agency shall not be deemed a "significant noncomplier" due to an exceedance of an effluent limitation established in a permit for flow;
    x. "Local agency" means a political subdivision of the State, or an agency or instrumentality thereof, that owns or operates a municipal treatment works;
    y. "Delegated local agency" means a local agency with an industrial pretreatment program approved by the department;
    z. "Upset" means an exceptional incident in which there is unintentional and temporary noncompliance with an effluent limitation because of an event beyond the reasonable control of the permittee, including fire, riot, sabotage, or a flood, storm event, natural cause, or other act of God, or other similar circumstance, which is the cause of the violation. "Upset" also includes noncompliance consequent to the performance of maintenance operations for which a prior exception has been granted by the department or a delegated local agency;
    aa. "Bypass" means the anticipated or unanticipated intentional diversion of waste streams from any portion of a treatment works;
    bb. "Major facility" means any facility or activity classified as such by the Administrator of the United States Environmental Protection Agency, or his representative, in conjunction with the department, and includes industrial facilities and municipal treatment works;
    cc. "Significant indirect user" means a discharger of industrial or other pollutants into a municipal treatment works, as defined by the department, including, but not limited to, industrial dischargers, but excluding the collection system of a municipal treatment works;
    dd. "Violation of this act" means a violation of any provisions of this act, and shall include a violation of any rule or regulation, water quality standard, effluent limitation or other condition of a permit, or order adopted, issued, or entered into pursuant to this act.
    2. Section 4 of P.L.1977, c.74 (C.58:10A-4) is amended to read as follows:
C.58:10A-4 Rules and regulations.
    4. The commissioner shall have power to prepare, adopt, amend, repeal and enforce, pursuant to the "Administrative Procedure Act," P.L.1968, c.410 (C.52:14B-I et seq.), reasonable codes, rules and regulations to prevent, control or abate water pollution and to carry out the intent of this act, either throughout the State or in certain areas of the State affected by a particular water pollution problem. Such codes, rules and regulations may include, but shall not be limited to, provisions concerning:
    a. The storage of any liquid or solid pollutant in a manner designed to keep it from entering the waters of the State;
    b. The prior submission and approval of plans and specifications for the construction or modification of any treatment work or part thereof;
    c. The classification of the surface and ground waters of the State and the determination of water quality standards for each such classification;
    d. The limitation of effluents, including toxic effluents as indicated herein;
    e. The determination of pretreatment standards;
    f. The establishment of user charges and cost recovery requirements in conformance with the Federal Act;
    g. The establishment of a civil penalty policy governing the uniform assessment of civil penalties in accordance with section 10 of P.L.1977, c.74 (C.58:10A-10).
    3. Section 6 of P.L.1977, c.74 (C.58:10A-6) is amended to read as follows:
C.58:10A-6 Permits; issuance; exemptions; prohibitions; requirements.
    6. a. It shall be unlawful for any person to discharge any pollutant, except in conformity with a valid New Jersey Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit that has been issued by the commissioner pursuant to this act or a valid National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit issued by the administrator pursuant to the Federal Act, as the case may be.
    b. It shall be unlawful for any person to build, install, modify or operate any facility for the collection, treatment or discharge of any pollutant, except after approval by the department pursuant to regulations adopted by the commissioner.
    c. The commissioner is hereby authorized to grant, deny, modify, suspend, revoke, and reissue NJPDES permits in accordance with this act, and with regulations to be adopted by him. The commissioner may reissue, with or without modifications, an NPDES permit duly issued by the federal government as the NJPDES permit required by this act.
    d. The commissioner may, by regulation, exempt the following categories of discharge, in whole or in part, from the requirement of obtaining a permit under this act; provided, however, that an exemption afforded under this section shall not limit the civil or criminal liability of any discharger nor exempt any discharger from approval or permit requirements under any other provision of law:
       (1) Additions of sewage, industrial wastes or other materials into a publicly owned sewage treatment works which is regulated by pretreatment standards;
       (2) Discharges of any pollutant from a marine vessel or other discharges incidental to the normal operation of marine vessels;
       (3) Discharges from septic tanks, or other individual waste disposal systems, sanitary landfills, and other means of land disposal of wastes;
       (4) Discharges of dredged or fill materials into waters for which the State could not be authorized to administer the section 404 program under section 404(g) of the "Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972," as amended by the "Clean Water Act of 1977" (33 U.S.C. §1344) and implementing regulations;
       (5) Nonpoint source discharges;
       (6) Uncontrolled nonpoint source discharges composed entirely of storm water runoff when these discharges are uncontaminated by any industrial or commercial activity unless these particular storm water runoff discharges have been identified by the administrator or the department as a significant contributor of pollution;
       (7) Discharges conforming to a national contingency plan for removal of oil and hazardous substances, published pursuant to section 311 (c)(2) of the Federal Act.
    e. The commissioner shall not issue any permit for:
       (1) The discharge of any radiological, chemical or biological warfare agent or high-level radioactive waste into the waters of this State;
       (2) Any discharge which the United States Secretary of the Army, acting through the Chief of Engineers, finds would substantially impair anchorage or navigation;
       (3) Any discharge to which the administrator has objected in writing pursuant to the Federal Act;
       (4) Any discharge which conflicts with an areawide plan adopted pursuant to law.
    f. A permit issued by the department or a delegated local agency, under this act shall require the permittee:
       (1) To achieve effluent limitations based upon guidelines or standards established pursuant to the Federal Act or this act, together with such further discharge restrictions and safeguards against unauthorized discharge as may be necessary to meet water quality standards, areawide plans adopted pursuant to law, or other legally applicable requirements;
       (2) Where appropriate, to meet schedules for compliance with the terms of the permit and interim deadlines for progress or reports of progress towards compliance;
       (3) To insure that all discharges are consistent at all times with the terms and conditions of the permit and that no pollutant will be discharged more frequently than authorized or at a level in excess of that which is authorized by the permit;
       (4) To submit application for a new permit in the event of any contemplated facility expansion or process modification that would result in new or increased discharges or, if these would not violate effluent limitations or other restrictions specified in the permit, to notify the commissioner, or delegated local agency, of such new or increased discharges;
       (5) To install, use and maintain such monitoring equipment and methods, to sample in accordance with such methods, to maintain and retain such records of information from monitoring activities, and to submit to the commissioner, or to the delegated local agency, reports of monitoring results for surface waters, as may be stipulated in the permit, or required by the commissioner or delegated local agency pursuant to paragraph (9) of this subsection, or as the commissioner or the delegated local agency may prescribe for ground water. Significant indirect users, major industrial dischargers, and local agencies, other than those discharging only stormwater or noncontact cooling water, shall, however, report their monitoring results for discharges to surface waters monthly to the commissioner, or the delegated local agency. Discharge monitoring reports for discharges to surface waters shall be signed by the highest ranking official having day-to-day managerial and operational responsibilities for the discharging facility, who may, in his absence, authorize another responsible high ranking official to sign a monthly monitoring report if a report is required to be filed during that period of time. The highest ranking official shall, however, be liable in all instances for the accuracy of all the information provided in the monitoring report; provided, however, that the highest ranking official may file, within seven days of his return, amendments to the monitoring report to which he was not a signatory. The filing of amendments to a monitoring report in accordance with this paragraph shall not be considered a late filing of a report for purposes of subsection d. of section 6 of P.L.1990, c.28 (C.58:10A-10.1), or for purposes of determining a significant noncomplier;
       (6) At all times, to maintain in good working order and operate as effectively as possible, any facilities or systems of control installed to achieve compliance with the terms and conditions of the permit;
       (7) To limit concentrations of heavy metals, pesticides, organic chemicals and other contaminants in the sludge in conformance with the land-based sludge management criteria established by the department in the Statewide Sludge Management Plan adopted pursuant to the "Solid Waste Management Act," P.L.1970, c.39 (C.13:1E-1 et seq.) or established pursuant to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 (33 U.S.C. §1251 et seq.), or any regulations adopted pursuant thereto;
       (8) To report to the department or delegated local agency, as appropriate, any exceedance of an effluent limitation that causes injury to persons, or damage to the environment, or poses a threat to human health or the environment, within two hours of its occurrence, or of the permittee becoming aware of the occurrence. Within 24 hours thereof, or of an exceedance, or of becoming aware of an exceedance, of an effluent limitation for a toxic pollutant, a permittee shall provide the department or delegated local agency with such additional information on the discharge as may be required by the department or delegated local agency, including an estimate of the danger posed by the discharge to the environment, whether the discharge is continuing, and the measures taken, or being taken, to remediate the problem and any damage to the environment, and to avoid a repetition of the problem;
       (9) Notwithstanding the reporting requirements stipulated in a permit for discharges to surface waters, a permittee shall be required to file monthly reports with the commissioner or delegated local agency if the permittee: (a) in any month commits a serious violation or fails to submit a completed discharge monitoring report and does not contest, or unsuccessfully contests, the assessment of a civil administrative penalty therefor; or (b) exceeds an effluent limitation for the same pollutant at the same discharge point source by any amount for four out of six consecutive months. The commissioner or delegated local agency may restore the reporting requirements stipulated in the permit if the permittee has not committed any of the violations identified in this paragraph for six consecutive months;
       (10) To report to the department or delegated local agency, as appropriate, any serious violation within 30 days of the violation, together with a statement indicating that the permittee understands the civil administrative penalties required to be assessed for serious violations, and explaining the nature of the serious violation and the measures taken to remedy the cause or prevent a recurrence of the serious violation.
    g. The commissioner and a local agency shall have a right of entry to all premises in which a discharge source is or might be located or in which monitoring equipment or records required by a permit are kept, for purposes of inspection, sampling, copying or photographing.
    h. In addition, any permit issued for a discharge from a municipal treatment works shall require the permittee:
       (1) To notify the commissioner or local agency in advance of the quality and quantity of all new introductions of pollutants into a facility and of any substantial change in the pollutants introduced into a facility by an existing user of the facility, except for such introductions of nonindustrial pollutants as the commissioner or local agency may exempt from this notification requirement when ample capacity remains in the facility to accommodate new inflows. The notification shall estimate the effects of the changes on the effluents to be discharged into the facility.
       (2) To establish an effective regulatory program, alone or in conjunction with the operators of sewage collection systems, that will assure compliance and monitor progress toward compliance by industrial users of the facilities with user charge and cost recovery requirements of the Federal Act or State law and toxicity standards adopted pursuant to this act and pretreatment standards.
       (3) As actual flows to the facility approach design flow or design loading limits, to submit to the commissioner or local agency for approval, a program which the permittee and the persons responsible for building and maintaining the contributory collection system shall pursue in order to prevent overload of the facilities.
    i. (1) All local agencies shall prescribe terms and conditions, consistent with applicable State and federal law, or requirements adopted pursuant thereto by the department, upon which pollutants may be introduced into treatment works, and shall have the authority to exercise the same right of entry, inspection, sampling, and copying, and to impose the same remedies, fines and penalties, and to recover costs and compensatory damages as authorized pursuant to subsection a. of section 10 of P.L.1977, c.74 (C.58:10A-10) and section 6 of P.L.1990, c.28 (C.58:10A-10.1), with respect to users of such works, as are vested in the commissioner by this act, or by any other provision of State law, except that a local agency may not impose civil administrative penalties, and shall petition the county prosecutor or the Attorney General for a criminal prosecution under that section. Terms and conditions shall include limits for heavy metals, pesticides, organic chemicals and other contaminants in industrial wastewater discharges based upon the attainment of land-based sludge management criteria established by the department in the Statewide Sludge Management Plan adopted pursuant to the "Solid Waste Management Act," P.L.1970, c.39 (C.13:1E-1 et seq.) or established pursuant to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 (33 U.S.C. §1251 et seq.), or any regulations adopted pursuant thereto.
    (2) Of the amount of any penalty assessed and collected pursuant to an action brought by a local agency in accordance with section 10 of P.L.1977, c.74 or section 6 of P.L.1990, c.28 (C.58:10A-10.1), 10% shall be deposited in the "Wastewater Treatment Operators' Training Account," established in accordance with section 13 of P.L.1990, c.28 (C.58:10A-14.5), and used to finance the cost of training operators of municipal treatment works. The remainder shall be used by the local agency solely for enforcement purposes, and for upgrading municipal treatment works.
    j. In reviewing permits submitted in compliance with this act and in determining conditions under which such permits may be approved, the commissioner shall encourage the development of comprehensive regional sewerage planning or facilities, which serve the needs of the regional community, conform to the adopted area-wide water quality management plan for that region, and protect the needs of the regional community for water quality, aquifer storage, aquifer recharge, and dry weather based stream flows.
    k. No permit may be issued, renewed, or modified by the department or a delegated local agency so as to relax any water quality standard or effluent limitation until the applicant, or permit holder, as the case may be, has paid all fees, penalties or fines due and owing pursuant to P.L.1977, c.74, or has entered into an agreement with the department establishing a payment schedule therefor; except that if a penalty or fine is contested, the applicant or permit holder shall satisfy the provisions of this section by posting financial security as required pursuant to paragraph (5) of subsection d. of section 10 of P.L.1977, c.74 (C.58:10A-10). The provisions of this subsection with respect to penalties or fines shall not apply to a local agency contesting a penalty or fine.
    l. Each permitted facility or municipal treatment works, other than one discharging only stormwater or non-contact cooling water, shall be inspected by the department at least once a year; except that each permitted facility discharging into the municipal treatment works of a delegated local agency, other than a facility discharging only stormwater or non-contact cooling water, shall be inspected by the delegated local agency at least once a year. Except as hereinafter provided, an inspection required under this subsection shall be conducted within six months following a permittee's submission of an application for a permit, permit renewal, or, in the case of a new facility or municipal treatment works, issuance of a permit therefor, except that if for any reason, a scheduled inspection cannot be made the inspection shall be rescheduled to be performed within 30 days of the originally scheduled inspection or, in the case of a temporary shutdown, of resumed operation. Exemption of stormwater facilities from the provisions of this subsection shall not apply to any permitted facility or municipal treatment works discharging or receiving stormwater runoff having come into contact with a hazardous discharge site on the federal National Priorities List adopted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency pursuant to the "Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act," Pub.L.96-510 (42 U.S.C.A. §9601 et seq.), or any other hazardous discharge site included by the department on the master list for hazardous discharge site cleanups adopted pursuant to section 2 of P.L.1982, c.202 (C.58:10-23.16). Inspections shall include:
       (1) A representative sampling of the effluent for each permitted facility or municipal treatment works, except that in the case of facilities or works that are not major facilities or significant indirect users, sampling pursuant to this paragraph shall be conducted at least once every three years;
       (2) An analysis of all collected samples by a State owned and operated laboratory, or a certified laboratory other than one that has been or is being used by the permittee, or that is directly or indirectly owned, operated or managed by the permittee;
       (3) An evaluation of the maintenance record of the permittee's treatment equipment;
       (4) An evaluation of the permittee's sampling techniques;
       (5) A random check of written summaries of test results, prepared by the certified laboratory providing the test results, for the immediately preceding 12-month period, signed by a responsible official of the certified laboratory, certifying the accuracy of the test results; and
       (6) An inspection of the permittee's sample storage facilities and techniques if the sampling is normally performed by the permittee. The department may inspect a facility required to be inspected by a delegated local agency pursuant to this subsection. Nothing in this subsection shall require the department to conduct more than one inspection per year. A delegated local agency shall not be required to conduct annual inspections pursuant to this subsection until January 1, 1992.
    m. The facility or municipal treatment works of a permittee identified as a significant noncomplier shall be subject to an inspection by the department, or the delegated local agency, as the case may be, which inspection shall be in addition to the requirements of subsection l. of this section. The inspection shall be conducted within 60 days of receipt of the discharge monitoring report that initially results in the permittee being identified as a significant noncomplier. The inspection shall include a random check of written summaries of test results, prepared by the certified laboratory providing the test results, for the immediately preceding 12-month period, signed by a responsible official of the certified laboratory, certifying the accuracy of the test results. A copy of each summary shall be maintained by the permittee. The inspection shall be for the purpose of determining compliance. The department or delegated local agency is required to conduct only one inspection per year pursuant to this subsection, and is not required to make an inspection hereunder if an inspection has been made pursuant to subsection 1. of this section within six months of the period within which an inspection is required to be conducted under this subsection.
    n. To assist the commissioner in assessing a municipal treatment works' NJPDES permit in accordance with paragraph (3) of subsection b. of section 7 of P.L.1977, c.74 (C.58:10A-7), a delegated local agency shall perform a complete analysis that includes a complete priority pollutant analysis of the discharge from, and inflow to, the municipal treatment works. The analysis shall be performed by a delegated local agency as often as the priority pollutant scan is required under the permit, but not less than once a year, and shall be based upon data acquired in the priority pollutant scan and from applicable sludge quality analysis reports. The results of the analysis shall be included in a report to be attached to the annual report required to be submitted to the commissioner by the delegated local agency.
    o. Except as otherwise provided in section 3 of P.L.1963, c.73 (C.47:1A-3), any records, reports or other information obtained by the commissioner or a local agency pursuant to this section or section 5 of P.L.1972, c.42 (C.58:11-53), including any correspondence relating thereto, shall be available to the public; however, upon a showing satisfactory to the commissioner by any person that the making public of any record, report or information, or a part thereof, other than effluent data, would divulge methods or processes entitled to protection as trade secrets, the commissioner or local agency shall consider such record, report, or information, or part thereof, to be confidential, and access thereto shall be limited to authorized officers or employees of the department, the local agency, and the federal government.
    4. Section 7 of P.L.1977, c.74 (C.58:10A-7) is amended to read as follows:
C.58:10A-7 Term of permit; modification, suspension or revocation; causes; notice; contested cases.
    7. a. All permits issued under this act shall be for fixed terms not to exceed five years. Any permittee who wishes to continue discharging after the expiration date of his permit must file for a new permit at least 180 days prior to that date.
    b. (1) The commissioner may modify, suspend, or revoke a permit in whole or in part during its term for cause, including but not limited to the following: (a) Violation of any term or condition of the permit; (b) Obtaining a permit by misrepresentation or failure to disclose fully all relevant facts.
    (2) If a toxic effluent limitation or prohibition, including any schedule of compliance specified in such effluent limitation or prohibition, is established under section 307(a) of the Federal Act for a toxic pollutant which is more stringent than any limitations upon such pollutant in an existing permit, the commissioner shall revise or modify the permit in accordance with the toxic effluent limitation or prohibition and so notify the permittee.
    (3) The department shall include in a permit for a delegated local agency effluent limits for all pollutants listed under the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Categorical Pretreatment Standards, adopted pursuant to 33 U.S.C. §1317, and such other pollutants for which effluent limits have been established for a permittee discharging into the municipal treatment works of the delegated local agency, except those categorical or other pollutants that the delegated local agency demonstrates to the department are not discharged above detectable levels by the municipal treatment works. The department, by permit, may authorize the use by a delegated local agency of surrogate parameters for categorical and other pollutants discharged from a municipal treatment works, except that if a surrogate parameter is exceeded, the department shall require effluent limits for each categorical or other pollutant for which the surrogate parameter was used, for such period of time as may be determined by the department.
    c. Notice of every proposed suspension, revocation or renewal, or substantial modification of a permit and opportunity for public hearing thereupon, shall be afforded in the same manner as with respect to original permit applications as provided for in this act. In any event notice of all modifications to a discharge permit shall be published in the DEP Bulletin.
    d. A determination to grant, deny, modify, suspend, or revoke a permit shall constitute a contested case under the "Administrative Procedure Act," P.L.1968, c.410 (C.52:14B-1 et seq.). The permittee, or any other person considered a party to the action pursuant to subsection e. of this section, shall have the opportunity to contest the determination in an administrative hearing.
    e. A person, other than the permittee, seeking to be considered a party to the action shall submit a request to be so considered to the commissioner within 30 days of the publication of the notice of the decision to grant, deny, modify, suspend, or revoke a permit. The administrative law judge upon referral, or the commissioner, if the commissioner decides to make the determination, shall find whether a person other than the permittee is a party to the action within 30 days of the submission of the request or the referral to the administrative law judge. A person shall be deemed a party to the action only if:
       (1) the person's objections to the action to grant, deny, modify, suspend, or revoke a permit were raised by that person in the hearing held pursuant to section 9 of P.L.1977, c.74 (C.58:10A-9), or, if no hearing was held, the objections were raised in a written submission;
       (2) the person demonstrates the existence of a significant issue of law or fact;
       (3) the person shows that the significant issue of law or fact is likely to affect the permit determination;
       (4) the person can show an interest, including an environmental, aesthetic, or recreational interest, which is or may be affected by the permit decision and that the interest fairly can be traced to the challenged action and is likely to be redressed by a decision favorable to that person. An organization may contest a permit decision on behalf of one or more of its members if (a) the organization's member or members could otherwise be a party to the action in their own right; and (b) the interests the organization seeks to protect are germane to the organization's purpose; and
       (5) the person submits the following information with the request to be considered a party to the action: (a) a statement of each legal or factual question alleged to be at issue and its relevance to the permit decision, together with a designation of the specific factual areas to be adjudicated and the hearing time estimated to be necessary for adjudication; (b) information supporting the request which shall be submitted pursuant to adopted rules; (c) the name, mailing address, and telephone number of the person making the request; (d) a clear and concise factual statement of the nature and scope of the interest of the requester; (e) the names and addresses of all affected persons whom the requester represents; (f) a statement by the requester that, upon motion of any party granted by the hearing officer, or upon order of the hearing officer sua sponte, the requester shall make available to appear and testify at the administrative hearing, if granted, the following: the requester; all affected persons represented by the requester; and all officers, directors, employees, consultants, and agents of the requester; (g) specific references to the contested permit conditions, as well as suggested revised or alternative permit conditions, including permit denials, which, in the judgment of the requester, would be required to implement the purposes of P.L.1977, c.74; and (h) in the case of application of control or treatment technologies identified in the statement of basis or fact sheet, identification of the basis for the objection, and the alternative technologies or combination of technologies which the requester believes are necessary to meet the requirements of P.L.1977, c.74. Whenever a person's request to be considered to be a party to the action is granted, the commissioner or the administrative law judge, as appropriate, shall identify the permit conditions which have been contested by the requester and for which an administrative hearing will be granted. Permit conditions which are not so contested shall not be affected by, or considered at, the administrative hearing. All requests by persons seeking to be considered a party to the action for a particular permit shall be combined in a single administrative hearing.
    f. A permittee may contest the determination to grant, deny, modify, suspend, or revoke a permit in an administrative hearing pursuant to subsection d. of this section only upon the placement, in escrow, of money in an amount equal to the permit fee.
    5. Section 10 of P.L.1977, c.74 (C.58:10A-10) is amended to read as follows:
C.58:10A-10 Violation of act; penalty.
    10. a. Whenever the commissioner finds that any person is in violation of any provision of this act, he shall:
       (1) Issue an order requiring any such person to comply in accordance with subsection b. of this section; or
       (2) Bring a civil action in accordance with subsection c. of this section; or
       (3) Levy a civil administrative penalty in accordance with subsection d. of this section; or
       (4) Bring an action for a civil penalty in accordance with subsection e. of this section; or
       (5) Petition the Attorney General to bring a criminal action in accordance with subsection f. of this section. Use of any of the remedies specified under this section shall not preclude use of any other remedy specified. In the case of one or more pollutants for which interim enforcement limits have been established pursuant to an administrative order, including an administrative consent order, by the department or a local agency, the permittee shall be liable for the enforcement limits stipulated therein.
    b. Whenever the commissioner finds that any person is in violation of any provision of this act, he may issue an order (1) specifying the provision or provisions of this act, or the rule, regulation, water quality standard, effluent limitation, or permit of which he is in violation, (2) citing the action which caused such violation, (3) requiring compliance with such provision or provisions, and (4) giving notice to the person of his right to a hearing on the matters contained in the order.
    c. The commissioner is authorized to commence a civil action in Superior Court for appropriate relief for any violation of this act or of a permit issued hereunder. Such relief may include, singly or in combination:
       (1) A temporary or permanent injunction;
       (2) Assessment of the violator for the reasonable costs of any investigation, inspection, or monitoring survey which led to the establishment of the violation, and for the reasonable costs of preparing and litigating the case under this subsection;
       (3) Assessment of the violator for any reasonable cost incurred by the State in removing, correcting or terminating the adverse effects upon water quality resulting from any unauthorized discharge of pollutants for which the action under this subsection may have been brought;
       (4) Assessment against the violator of compensatory damages for any loss or destruction of wildlife, fish or aquatic life, or other natural resources, and for any other actual damages caused by an unauthorized discharge;
       (5) Assessment against a violator of the actual amount of any economic benefits accruing to the violator from a violation. Economic benefits may include the amount of any savings realized from avoided capital or noncapital costs resulting from the violation; the return earned or that may be earned on the amount of avoided costs; any benefits accruing to the violator as a result of a competitive market advantage enjoyed by reason of the violation; or any other benefits resulting from the violation. Assessments under paragraph (4) of this subsection shall be paid to the State Treasurer, except that compensatory damages shall be paid by specific order of the court to any persons who have been aggrieved by the unauthorized discharge. Assessments pursuant to actions brought by the commissioner under paragraphs (2), (3) and (5) of this subsection shall be paid to the "Clean Water Enforcement Fund," established pursuant to section 12 of P.L.1990, c.28 (C.58:10A-14.4).
    d. (1) (a) The commissioner is authorized to assess, in accordance with a uniform policy adopted therefor, a civil administrative penalty of not more than $50,000.00 for each violation and each day during which such violation continues shall constitute an additional, separate, and distinct offense. Any amount assessed under this subsection shall fall within a range established by regulation by the commissioner for violations of similar type, seriousness, and duration. The commissioner shall adopt, by regulation, a uniform assessment of civil penalties policy by January 1, 1992. (b) In adopting rules for a uniform penalty policy for determining the amount of a penalty to be assessed, the commissioner shall take into account the type, seriousness, including extent, toxicity, and frequency of a violation based upon the harm to public health or the environment resulting from the violation, the economic benefits from the violation gained by the violator, the degree of cooperation or recalcitrance of the violator in remedying the violation, any measures taken by the violator to avoid a repetition of the violation, any unusual or extraordinary costs directly or indirectly imposed on the public by the violation other than costs recoverable pursuant to paragraph (3) or (4) of subsection c. of this section, and any other pertinent factors that the commissioner determines measure the seriousness or frequency of the violation, or conduct of the violator. (c) In addition to the assessment of a civil administrative penalty, the commissioner may, by administrative order and upon an appropriate finding, assess a violator for costs authorized pursuant to paragraphs (2) and (3) of subsection c. of this section.
    (2) No assessment shall be levied pursuant to this subsection until after the discharger has been notified by certified mail or personal service. The notice shall include a reference to the section of the statute, regulation, order or permit condition violated; a concise statement of the facts alleged to constitute a violation; a statement of the amount of the civil penalties to be imposed; and a statement of the party's right to a hearing. The ordered party shall have 20 days from receipt of the notice within which to deliver to the commissioner a written request for a hearing. After the hearing and upon finding that a violation has occurred, the commissioner may issue a final order after assessing the amount of the fine specified in the notice. If no hearing is requested, then the notice shall become a final order after the expiration of the 20-day period. Payment of the assessment is due when a final order is issued or the notice becomes a final order.
    (3) If a civil administrative penalty imposed pursuant to this subsection is not paid within 30 days of the date that the penalty is due and owing, and the penalty is not contested by the person against whom the penalty has been assessed, or the person fails to make a payment pursuant to a payment schedule entered into with the department, an interest charge shall accrue on the amount of the penalty due and owing from the 30th day after the date on which the penalty was due and owing. The rate of interest shall be that established by the New Jersey Supreme Court for interest rates on judgments, as set forth in the Rules Governing the Courts of the State of New Jersey.
    (4) The authority to levy a civil administrative penalty is in addition to all other enforcement provisions in this act, and the payment of any assessment shall not be deemed to affect the availability of any other enforcement provisions in connection with the violation for which the assessment is levied. Any civil administrative penalty assessed under this section may be compromised by the commissioner upon the posting of a performance bond by the violator, or upon such terms and conditions as the commissioner may establish by regulation, except that the amount compromised shall not be more than 50% of the assessed penalty, and in no instance shall the amount of that compromised penalty be less than the statutory minimum amount, if applicable, prescribed in section 6 of P.L.1990, c.28 (C.58:10A-10.1). In the case of a violator who is a local agency that enters into an administrative consent order, the terms of which require the local agency to take prescribed measures to comply with its permit, the commissioner shall have full discretion to compromise the amount of penalties assessed or due for violations occurring during a period up to 24 months preceding the entering into the administrative consent order; except that the amount of the compromised penalty may not be less than the statutory minimum amount, if applicable, prescribed in section 6 of P.L.1990, c.28 (C.58:10A-10.1). A civil administrative penalty assessed against a local agency for a violation of an administrative consent order may not be compromised by more than 50% of the assessed penalty. In no instance shall the amount of a compromised penalty assessed against a local agency be less than the statutory minimum amount, if applicable, prescribed in section 6 of P.L.1990, c.28 (C.58:10A-10.1). The commissioner shall not compromise the amount of any component of a civil administrative penalty which represents the economic benefit gained by the violator from the violation.
    (5) A person, other than a local agency, appealing a penalty assessed against that person in accordance with this subsection, whether contested as a contested case pursuant to P.L.1968, c.410 (C.52:14B-1 et seq.) or by appeal to a court of competent jurisdiction, shall, as a condition of filing the appeal, post with the commissioner a refundable bond, or other security approved by the commissioner, in the amount of the civil administrative penalty assessed. If the department's assessed penalty is upheld in full or in part, the department shall be entitled to a daily interest charge on the amount of the judgment from the date of the posting of the security with the commissioner and until paid in full. The rate of interest shall be that established by the New Jersey Supreme Court for interest rates on judgments, as set forth in the Rules Governing the Courts of the State of New Jersey. In addition, if the amount of the penalty assessed by the department is upheld in full in an appeal of the assessment at an administrative hearing or at a court of competent jurisdiction, the person appealing the penalty shall reimburse the department for all reasonable costs incurred by the department in preparing and litigating the imposition of the assessment, except that no litigation costs shall be imposed where the appeal ultimately results in a reduction or elimination of the assessed penalty.
    (6) A civil administrative penalty imposed pursuant to a final order: (a) may be collected or enforced by summary proceedings in a court of competent jurisdiction in accordance with "the penalty enforcement law," N.J.S.2A:58-1 et seq.; or (b) shall constitute a debt of the violator or discharger and the civil administrative penalty may be docketed with the clerk of the Superior Court, and shall have the same standing as any judgment docketed pursuant to N.J.S.2A:16-1; except that no lien shall attach to the real property of a violator pursuant to this subsection if the violator posts a refundable bond or other security with the commissioner pursuant to an appeal of a final order to the Appellate Division of the Superior Court. No lien shall attach to the property of a local agency.
    (7) The commissioner shall refer to the Attorney General and the county prosecutor of the county in which the violations occurred the record of violations of any permittee determined to be a significant noncomplier.
    e. Any person who violates this act or an administrative order issued pursuant to subsection b. or a court order issued pursuant to subsection c., or who fails to pay a civil administrative penalty in full pursuant to subsection d., or to make a payment pursuant to a payment schedule entered into with the department, shall be subject upon order of a court to a civil penalty not to exceed $50,000.00 per day of such violation, and each day's continuance of the violation shall constitute a separate violation. Any penalty incurred under this subsection may be recovered with costs, and, if applicable, interest charges, in a summary proceeding pursuant to "the penalty enforcement law" (N.J.S.2A:58-1 et seq.). In addition to any civil penalties, costs or interest charges, the court, in accordance with paragraph (5) of subsection c. of this section, may assess against a violator the amount of any actual economic benefits accruing to the violator from the violation. The Superior Court shall have jurisdiction to enforce "the penalty enforcement law" in conjunction with this act.
    f. (1) (a) Any person who purposely, knowingly, or recklessly violates this act, and the violation causes a significant adverse environmental effect, shall, upon conviction, be guilty of a crime of the second degree, and shall, notwithstanding the provisions of subsection a. of N.J.S.2C:43-3, be subject to a fine of not less than $25,000 nor more than $250,000 per day of violation, or by imprisonment, or by both. (b) As used in this paragraph, a significant adverse environmental effect exists when an action or omission of the defendant causes: serious harm or damage to wildlife, freshwater or saltwater fish, any other aquatic or marine life, water fowl, or to their habitats, or to livestock, or agricultural crops; serious harm, or degradation of, any ground or surface waters used for drinking, agricultural, navigational, recreational, or industrial purposes; or any other serious articulable harm or damage to, or degradation of, the lands or waters of the State, including ocean waters subject to its jurisdiction pursuant to P.L.1988, c.61 (C.58:10A-47 et seq.).
    (2) Any person who purposely, knowingly, or recklessly violates this act, including making a false statement, representation, or certification in any application, record, or other document filed or required to be maintained under this act, or by falsifying, tampering with, or rendering inaccurate any monitoring device or method required to be maintained pursuant to this act, or by failing to submit a monitoring report, or any portion thereof, required pursuant to this act, shall, upon conviction, be guilty of a crime of the third degree, and shall, notwithstanding the provisions of subsection b. of N.J.S.2C:43-3, be subject to a fine of not less than $5,000 nor more than $75,000 per day of violation, or by imprisonment, or by both.
    (3) Any person who negligently violates this act, including making a false statement, representation, or certification in any application, record, or other document filed or required to be maintained under this act, or by falsifying, tampering with, or rendering inaccurate any monitoring device or method required to be maintained pursuant to this act, or by failing to submit a discharge monitoring report, or any portion thereof, required pursuant to this act, shall, upon conviction, be guilty of a crime of the fourth degree, and shall, notwithstanding the provisions of subsection b. of N.J.S.2C:43-3, be subject to a fine of not less than $5,000 nor more than $50,000 per day of violation, or by imprisonment, or by both.
    (4) Any person who purposely or knowingly violates an effluent limitation or other condition of a permit, or who discharges without a permit, and who knows at that time that he thereby places another person in imminent danger of death or serious bodily injury, as defined in subsection b. of N.J.S.2C:11-1, shall, upon conviction, be guilty of a crime of the first degree, and shall, notwithstanding the provisions of subsection a. of N.J.S.2C:43-3, be subject of a fine of not less than $50,000 nor more than $250,000, or, in the case of a corporation, a fine of not less than $200,000 nor more than $1,000,000, or by imprisonment or by both.
    (5) As used in this subsection, "purposely," "knowingly," "recklessly," and "negligently" shall have the same meaning as defined in N.J.S.2C:2-2.
    g. All conveyances used or intended for use in the purposeful or knowing discharge, in violation of the provisions if P.L.1977, c.74 (C.58:10A-1 et seq.), of any pollutant or toxic pollutant are subject to forfeiture to the State pursuant to the provisions of P.L.1981, c.387 (C.13:1K-1 et seq.).
    h. The amendatory portions of this section, as set forth in P.L.1990, c.28 (C.58:10A-10.1 et al.), except for subsection f. of this section, shall not apply to violations occurring prior to July 1, 1991.
C.58:10A-10.1 Mandatory civil administrative penalties.
    6. a. The provisions of section 10 of P.L.1977, c.74 (C.58:10A-10), or any rule or regulation adopted pursuant thereto to the contrary notwithstanding, the department shall assess, with no discretion, a mandatory minimum civil administrative penalty for the violations enumerated in subsections b., c., and d. of this section.
    b. The department shall assess a minimum mandatory civil administrative penalty of $1,000 against a violator for each serious violation, which assessment shall be made within six months of the serious violation.
    c. The department shall assess a minimum mandatory civil administrative penalty of $5,000 against a violator for the violation that causes the violator to be, or to continue to be, a significant noncomplier.
    d. The department shall assess a minimum mandatory civil administrative penalty of $100 for each effluent parameter omitted on a discharge monitoring report required to be submitted to the department, and each day during which the effluent parameter information is overdue shall constitute an additional, separate, and distinct offense, except that in no instance shall the total civil administrative penalty assessed pursuant to this subsection exceed $50,000 per month for any one discharge monitoring report. The civil administrative penalty assessed pursuant to this subsection shall accrue as of the fifth day following the date on which the discharge monitoring report was due and shall continue to accrue for 30 days. The commissioner may continue to assess civil administrative penalties beyond the 30-day period until submission of the overdue discharge monitoring report or overdue information. A permittee may contest the assessment of the civil administrative penalty required to be assessed pursuant to this subsection by notifying the commissioner in writing, within 30 days of the date on which the effluent parameter information was required to be submitted to the department, of the existence of extenuating circumstances beyond the control of the permittee, including circumstances that prevented timely submission of the discharge monitoring report, or portion thereof, or, if the civil administrative penalty is imposed because of an inadvertent omission of one or more effluent parameters, the permittee may submit, without liability for a civil administrative penalty assessed pursuant to this subsection or subsection c. of this section, the omitted information within 10 days of receipt by the permittee of notice of omission of the parameter or parameters.
    e. If a violator establishes, to the satisfaction of the department, that a single operational occurrence has resulted in the simultaneous violation of more than one pollutant parameter, the department may consider, for purposes of calculating the mandatory civil administrative penalties to be assessed pursuant to subsections b. and c. of this section, the violation of the interrelated permit parameters to be a single violation.
    f. The requirement that the department assess a minimum civil administrative penalty pursuant to this section shall in no way be construed to limit the authority of the department to asses a civil administrative penalty or bring an action for a civil penalty for a violation at any time after a violation occurred or to assess a more stringent civil administrative penalty or civil penalty against a person pursuant to section 10 of P.L.1977, c.74 (C.58:10A-10).
    g. The provisions of this section shall not apply to violations occurring prior to the effective date of this section.
C.58:10A-10.2 Affirmative defenses to liability.
    7. a. A person may be entitled to an affirmative defense to liability for a mandatory assessment of a civil administrative penalty pursuant to section 6 of P.L.1990, c.28 (C.58:10A-10.1) for a violation of an effluent limitation occurring as a result of an upset, an anticipated or unanticipated bypass, or a testing or laboratory error. A person shall be entitled to an affirmative defense only if, in the determination of the department or delegated local agency, the person satisfies the provisions of subsection b., c., e. or f., as applicable, of this section.
    b. A person asserting an upset as an affirmative defense pursuant to this section, except in the case of an approved maintenance operation, shall notify the department or the local agency of an upset within 24 hours of the occurrence, or of becoming aware of the occurrence, and, within five days thereof, shall submit written documentation, including properly signed, contemporaneous operating logs, or other relevant evidence, on the circumstances of the violation, and demonstrating, as applicable, that:
       (1) the upset occurred, including the cause of the upset and, as necessary, the identity of the person causing the upset, except that, in the case of a treatment works, the local agency may certify that despite a good faith effort it is unable to identify the cause of the upset, or the person causing the upset;
       (2) the permitted facility was at the time being properly operated;
       (3) the person submitted notice of the upset as required pursuant to this section, or, in the case of an upset resulting from the performance by the permittee of maintenance operations, the permittee provided prior notice and received an approval therefor from the department or the delegated local agency; and
       (4) the person complied with any remedial measures required by the department or delegated local agency.
    c. A person asserting an unanticipated bypass as an affirmative defense pursuant to this section shall notify the department or the local agency of the unanticipated bypass within 24 hours of its occurrence, and, within five days thereof, shall submit written documentation, including properly signed, contemporaneous operating logs, or other relevant evidence, on the circumstances of the violation, and demonstrating that:
       (1) the unanticipated bypass occurred, including the circumstances leading to the bypass;
       (2) the permitted facility was at the time being properly operated;
       (3) the person submitted notice of the upset as required pursuant to this section; and
       (4) the person complied with any remedial measures required by the department or delegated local agency;
       (5) the bypass was unavoidable to prevent loss of life, personal injury, or severe property damage; and
       (6) there was no feasible alternative to the bypass such as the use of auxiliary treatment facilities, retention of untreated wastes, or maintenance during normal periods of downtime, except that the provisions of this paragraph shall not apply to a bypass occurring during normal periods of equipment downtime or preventive maintenance if, on the basis of the reasonable engineering judgment of the department or delegated local agency, back-up equipment should have been installed to avoid the need for a bypass.
    d. Nothing contained in subsection b. or c. of this section shall be construed to limit the requirement to comply with the provisions of paragraph (8) of subsection f. of section 6 of P.L.1977, c.74 (C.58:10A-6).
    e. A person may assert an anticipated bypass as an affirmative defense pursuant to this section only if the person provided prior notice to the department or delegated local agency, if possible, at least 10 days prior to the date of the bypass, and the department or delegated local agency approved the bypass, and if the person is able to demonstrate that:
       (1) the bypass was unavoidable to prevent loss of life, personal injury, or severe property damage; and
       (2) there was no feasible alternative to the bypass such as the use of auxiliary treatment facilities, retention of untreated wastes, or maintenance during normal periods of downtime, except that the provisions of this paragraph shall not apply to a bypass occurring during normal periods of equipment downtime or preventive maintenance if, on the basis of the reasonable engineering judgment of the department or delegated local agency, back-up equipment should have been installed to avoid the need for a bypass.
    f. A person asserting a testing or laboratory error as an affirmative defense pursuant to this section shall have the burden to demonstrate, to the satisfaction of the department, that a serious violation involving the exceedance of an effluent limitation was the result of unanticipated test interferences, sample contamination, analytical defects, or procedural deficiencies in sampling or other similar circumstances beyond the control of the permittee.
    g. A determination by the department on a claim that a violation of an effluent limitation was caused by an upset, a bypass or a testing or laboratory error shall be considered final agency action on the matter for the purposes of the "Administrative Procedure Act," P.L.1968, c.410 (C.52:14B-1 et seq.), and shall be subject only to review by a court of competent jurisdiction.
    h. An assertion of an upset, a bypass or a testing or laboratory error as an affirmative defense pursuant to this section may not include noncompliance to the extent caused by operational error, improperly designed treatment facilities, inadequate treatment facilities, lack of preventive maintenance, or careless or improper operation.
    i. If the department determines, pursuant to the provisions of this section, that a violation of an effluent limitation was caused by an upset, a bypass or a testing or laboratory error, the commissioner shall waive any mandatory civil administrative penalty required to be assessed pursuant to section 6 of P.L.1990, c.28 (C.58:10A-10.1), and the violation shall not be considered a serious violation or violation causing a person to be designated a significant noncomplier.
    j. The affirmative defense for an upset, a bypass or a testing or laboratory error provided in this section shall only apply to the imposition of mandatory penalties pursuant to section 6 of P.L.1990, c.28 (C.58:10A-10.1) for serious violations and for determining a significant noncomplier. Nothing in this act shall be construed to limit the authority of the department, or a delegated local agency, to adopt regulations or permit conditions that include or do not include an upset, a bypass or a testing or laboratory error, using different standards, as a defense for any other exceedance of an effluent limitation.
C.58:10A-6.1 Schedule of compliance; administrative consent order; public hearing.
    8. a. Every schedule of compliance shall require the permittee to demonstrate to the commissioner the financial assurance, including the posting of a bond or other security approved by the commissioner, necessary to carry out the remedial measures required by the schedule of compliance; except that a local agency shall not be required to post financial security as a condition of a schedule of compliance.
    b. The department or a delegated local agency shall afford an opportunity to the public to comment on a proposed administrative consent order prior to final adoption if the administrative consent order would establish interim enforcement limits that would relax effluent limitations established in a permit or a prior administrative order. The department or a delegated local agency shall provide public notice of the proposed administrative consent order, and announce the length of the comment period, which shall be not less than 30 days, commencing from the date of publication of the notice. A notice shall also include a summary statement describing the nature of the violation necessitating the administrative consent order and its terms or conditions; shall specify how additional information on the administrative consent order may be obtained; and shall identify to whom written comments are to be submitted. At least three days prior to publication of the notice, a written notice, containing the same information to be provided in the published notice, shall be mailed to the mayor or chief executive officer and governing body of the municipality and county in which the violation occurred, and to any other interested persons, including any other governmental agencies. The department or delegated local agency shall consider the written comments received during the comment period prior to final adoption of the administrative consent order. Not later than the date that final action is taken on the proposed order, the department or delegated agency shall notify each person or group having submitted written comments of the main provisions of the approved administrative consent order and respond to the comments received therefrom.
    c. The commissioner or delegated local agency, on his or its own initiative or at the request of any person submitting written comments pursuant to subsection b. of this section, may hold a public hearing on a proposed administrative order or administrative consent order, prior to final adoption if the order would establish interim enforcement limits that would relax for more than 24 months effluent limitations established in a permit or a prior administrative order or administrative consent order. Public notice for the public hearing to be held pursuant to this subsection shall be published not more than 30 and not less than 15 days prior to the holding of the hearing. The hearing shall be held in the municipality in which the violation, necessitating the order, occurred. The department may recover all reasonable costs directly incurred in scheduling and holding the public hearing from the person requesting or requiring the interim enforcement limits.
C.58:10A-14.1 Report on Implementation and enforcement actions; notice of significant noncompliers in newspaper.
    9. a. On or before March 15, 1992, and annually thereafter, the department shall prepare a report on implementation and enforcement actions taken during the preceding calendar year by the department and delegated local agencies pursuant to P.L.1977, c.74. Information in the report shall be compiled so as to distinguish, as applicable: enforcement actions taken by the department from those of delegated local agencies; violations of, and enforcement actions against, publicly owned treatment works from those of, or against, other permitted facilities; violations of effluent limitations from reporting violations - including discharging monitoring reports, compliance schedule progress reports, and pretreatment reports - and other violations; and violations of effluent limitations for hazardous pollutants from those for nonhazardous pollutants. The report shall be transmitted to the Governor, the members of the Legislature, the Assembly Environment Quality Committee and the Senate Energy and Environment Committee, or their successors, and to the Office of Legislative Services not later than March 31 of each year.
    b. Within 30 days of publication of the report pursuant to this section, the commissioner shall transmit a written notice to at least one newspaper in each county, with circulation throughout that county which shall:
       (1) Identify the owner, trade name and location of all facilities listed as significant noncompliers;
       (2) Identify all of the significant noncompliers who have been assessed penalties pursuant to section 6 of P.L.1990, c.28 (C.58:10A-10.1), the amount of the penalties assessed against, and the amount paid by, each significant noncomplier;
       (3) Indicate the availability of the annual reports required under this section, and the address and phone number for securing copies.
C.58:10A-14.2 Contents of annual report.
    10. a.The annual report provided pursuant to section 9 of P.L.1990, c.28 (C.58:10A-14.1) shall include, but need not be limited to, the following information for the preceding calendar year:
       (1) the number of facilities permitted by the department or delegated local agencies pursuant to P.L.1977, c.74 (C.58:10A-1 et seq.) as of the end of the calendar year, by surface water discharge permits;
       (2) the number of new permits or permit renewals issued;
       (3) the number of permit approvals contested by a permittee or other party;
       (4) the number of permit modifications, other than permit renewals;
       (5) the number of schedules of compliance adopted pursuant to administrative orders or administrative consent agreements involving interim enforcement limits that relax permit limitations;
       (6) the number of facilities, including publicly owned treatment works, inspected at least once by the department or local agencies;
       (7) the number of enforcement actions resulting from facility inspections;
       (8) the number of actual permit violations;
       (9) the number of actual effluent violations constituting serious violations, including violations that are being contested;
       (10) the number of defenses for upsets, bypasses or testing or laboratory errors granted pursuant to section 7 of P.L.1990, c.28 (C.58:10A-10.2) that involved a serious violation;
       (11) the number of permittees qualifying as significant noncompliers, including permittees contesting such designation;
       (12) the number of unpermitted discharges;
       (13) the number of pass throughs of pollutants;
       (14) the number of enforcement orders - administrative and judicial - issued for violations;
       (15) the number of violations for which civil penalties or civil administrative penalties have been assessed;
       (16) the number of violations of administrative orders or administrative consent orders, including violations of interim enforcement limits, or of schedule of compliance milestones for starting or completing construction, or for failing to attain full compliance;
       (17) the number of violations of schedules of compliance milestones for starting or completing construction, or attaining full compliance, that are out of compliance by 90 days or more from the date established in the compliance schedule;
       (18) the dollar amount of all assessed civil penalties and civil administrative penalties;
       (19) the dollar amount of enforcement costs recovered in a civil action or civil administrative action from a violator;
       (20) the dollar amount of civil administrative penalties and civil penalties collected, including penalties for which a penalty schedule has been agreed to by the violator;
       (21) The specific purposes for which penalty monies collected have been expended, displayed in line-item format by type of expenditure and including, but not limited to, position numbers and titles funded in whole or in part from these penalty monies; and
       (22) the number of criminal actions filed by the Attorney General or county prosecutors pursuant to section 10 of P.L.1977, c.74 (C.58:10A-10).
    b. In addition to the information required pursuant to subsection a. of this section, the report shall:
       (1) list the trade name of each permittee determined to be a significant noncomplier by the department or delegated local agency, and the address and permit number of the facility at which the violations occurred, and provide a brief description and the late of each violation, and the date that the violation was resolved, as well as the total number of violations committed by the permittee during the year;
       (2) list the trade name of each permittee who is at least six months behind in the construction phase of a compliance schedule, as well as the address and permit number of the facility, and provide a brief description of the conditions violated and the cause of delay;
       (3) list the trade name, address and permit number, of each permittee who has been convicted of criminal conduct pursuant to subsection f. of section 10 of P.L.1977, c.74 (C.58:10A-10), or who has had any officer or employee convicted thereunder, and provide a brief description and the date of the violation or violations for which convicted;
       (4) list the name and location of any local agency that has failed to file with the department information required by section 11 of P.L.1990, c.28 (C.58:1OA-14.3); and
       (5) provide a summary assessment of the water quality of surface and ground waters affected by discharges subject to regulation pursuant to P.L.1977, c.74 to the extent that such information is not otherwise required to be submitted to the United States Environmental Protection Agency.
    c. The department may include in the report any other information it determines would provide a fuller profile of the implementation and enforcement of P.L.1977, c.74. The department shall also include in the report any information that may be requested, in writing, not later than November 30 of the preceding year, for inclusion in the annual report, by the Assembly Environmental Quality Committee or the Senate Environmental Quality Committee, or their successors.
C.58:10A-14.3 Guidelines.
    11. The department shall adopt guidelines to be utilized by delegated local agencies, the Attorney General and county prosecutors in providing information to the department for inclusion in the report to be prepared in accordance with section 10 of this act, and prescribing the format in which the information is to be provided. Every delegated local agency, the Attorney General, and each county prosecutor shall file with the department, not later than February 1 of each year, such information and in such form as may be required by the department. In the event that information required to be reported pursuant to this section is also required to be reported to the department within the immediately preceding 12 month period pursuant to another law, rule, regulation, or permit requirement, to the extent that identical information is required to be reported, the local agency shall be required only to resubmit the information that was previously reported to the department.
C.58:10A-14.4 Clean Water Enforcement Fund.
    12. There is created, in the Department of Environmental Protection, a special nonlapsing fund, to be known as the "Clean Water Enforcement Fund." Except as otherwise provided in P.L.1989, c.122, all monies from penalties, fines, or recoveries of costs or improper economic benefits collected by the department pursuant to section 10 of P.L.1977, c.74 (C.58:10A-10) on and after the effective date of this section, or section 6 of P.L.1990, c.28 (C.58:10A-10.1) shall be deposited in the fund. Unless otherwise specifically provided by law, monies in the fund shall be utilized exclusively by the department for enforcement and implementation of the "Water Pollution Control Act," P.L.1977, c.74 (C.58:10A-1 et seq.) and P.L.1990, c.28 (C.58:10A-10.1 et al.). Any unobligated monies in the fund at the end of each fiscal year or monies not required for enforcement purposes in the next fiscal year shall be transferred to the "Wastewater Treatment Fund" established pursuant to subsection a. of section 15 of P.L.1985, c.329, for use in accordance with the provisions of that act.
C.58:10A-14.5 Wastewater Treatment Operators' Training Account.
    13. There is created in the Department of Environmental Protection a special nonlapsing account, to be known as the "Wastewater Treatment Operators' Training Account." Monies deposited in the account shall be used to provide training, including continuing education, courses for wastewater treatment operators. A court shall order to be deposited into the account 10% of the amount of any penalty assessed and collected in an action brought by a local agency pursuant to section 10 of P.L.1977, c.74 (C.58:10A-10) or section 6 of P.L.1990, c.28 (C.58:10A-10.1), or by a public entity pursuant to section 7 of P.L.1972, c.42 (C.58:11-55).
C.58:10A-14.6 Advisory Committee on Water Supply and Wastewater Licensed Operator Training.
    14. There is established in the Department of Environmental Protection an Advisory Committee on Water Supply and Wastewater Licensed Operator Training. Committee members shall be appointed by the commissioner for three-year terns as follows: four members who shall be representatives of the department; two members who shall be representatives selected from a list prepared by the New Jersey Section American Water Works Association; one member who shall be a licensed operator; two members of the Water Pollution Control Association; two members who shall be selected from a list prepared by the Authorities Association of New Jersey, one of whom shall be from a water authority, and one from a wastewater treatment authority; one member who shall be selected from a list prepared by the New Jersey Business and Industry Council; three members who shall be selected from a list prepared by educational institutions in the State conducting courses in water supply or wastewater treatment operations, or which conducted an appropriate course in the immediately preceding academic year, one of whom shall be the Director of the Office of Continuing Professional Education at Cook College, the State University of Rutgers; and two members who shall be selected from environmental groups in the State actively concerned or involved in water quality or wastewater treatment. Vacancies shall be filled in the same manner as the original appointment for the unexpired term. The advisory committee shall meet at least once a year, and shall organize itself in such manner and hold its meetings in such places as it deems most suitable. The department shall provide staff assistance to the advisory committee, to the extent that monies are available therefor. The advisory committee shall advise the department on the training and licensing of water supply and wastewater treatment operators and on related matters, or on any other matter referred to it by the department. The advisory committee shall review the training programs for, and identify the training needs of, water supply and wastewater treatment operators, and shall approve the annual allocations of monies for wastewater treatment operators' training programs from sums available in the "Wastewater Treatment Operators' Training Account," established pursuant to section 13 of P.L.1990, c.28 (C.58:10A-14.5).
C.58:10A-10.3 Request by department for information; testimony of witnesses.
    15. a. The department may request that any person whom the department has reason to believe has, or may have, information relevant to a discharge or potential discharge of a pollutant, including, but not limited to, any person having generated, treated, transported, stored, or disposed of the pollutant, or any person having arranged for the transportation, storage, treatment or disposal of the pollutant, shall provide, upon receipt of written notice therefor, the following information to the department:
       (1) The nature, extent, source, and location of the discharge, or potential discharge;
       (2) Identification of the nature, type, quantity, source, and location of the pollutant or pollutants;
       (3) The identity of, and other relevant information concerning, the generator or transporter of the pollutant, or any other person subject to liability for the discharge or potential discharge;
       (4) The ability of any person liable, or potentially liable, for the discharge, or potential discharge, to pay for, or perform, the cleanup and removal, including the availability of appropriate insurance coverage. Information requested by the department shall be provided in the form and manner prescribed by the department, which may include documents or information in whatever form stored or recorded.
    b. The commissioner may issue subpoenas requiring attendance and testimony under oath of witnesses before, or the production of documents or information, in whatever form stored or recorded, to him or to a representative designated by the commissioner. Service of a subpoena shall be by certified mail or personal service. Any person who fails to appear, give testimony, or produce documents in response to a subpoena issued pursuant to this subsection, shall be subject to the penalty provisions of section 10 of P.L.1977, c.74 (C.58:10A-10). Any person who, having been sworn, knowingly gives false testimony or knowingly gives false documents or information to the department is guilty of perjury and is subject to the penalty provisions of section 10 of P.L.1977, c.74.
    c. A person receiving a request for information made pursuant to subsection a. of this section, or to a subpoena issued pursuant to subsection b. of this section, shall:
       (1) be required to conduct a diligent search of all documents in his possession, custody or control, and to make reasonable inquiries of present and past employees who may have knowledge or documents relevant thereto;
       (2) have a continuing obligation to supplement the information if additional relevant information is discovered, or if it is determined that the information previously provided was false, inaccurate or misleading; and
       (3) grant the department access, at reasonable times, to any vessel, facility, property or location to inspect and copy all relevant documents or, at the department's request, copy and furnish to the department all such documents.
    d. No person may destroy any records relating to a discharge or potential discharge to surface water within five years of the discharge, or to a discharge or potential discharge to ground water at any time without the prior written permission of the commissioner.
    16. Section 4 of P.L.1974, c.169 (C.2A:35A-4) is amended to read as follows:
C.2A:35A-4 Action in court; declaratory and equitable relief; dismissal.
    4. a. Any person may commence a civil action in a court of competent jurisdiction against any other person alleged to be in violation of any statute, regulation or ordinance which is designed to prevent or minimize pollution, impairment or destruction of the environment. The action may be for injunctive or other equitable relief to compel compliance with a statute, regulation or ordinance, or to assess civil penalties for the violation as provided by law. The action may be commenced upon an allegation that a person is in violation, either continuously or intermittently, of a statute, regulation or ordinance, and that there is a likelihood that the violation will recur in the future.
    b. Except in those instances where the conduct complained of constitutes a violation of a statute, regulation or ordinance which establishes a more specific standard for the control of pollution, impairment or destruction of the environment, any person may commence a civil action in any court of competent jurisdiction for declaratory and equitable relief against any other person for the protection of the environment, or the interest of the public therein, from pollution, impairment or destruction.
    c. The court may, on the motion of any party, or on its own motion, dismiss any action brought pursuant to this act which on its face appears to be patently frivolous, harassing or wholly lacking in merit.
    17. Section 10 of P.L.1974, c.169 (C.2A:35A-10) is amended to read as follows:
C.2A:35A-10 Counsel and expert witness fees; application of collateral estoppel and res Judicata; dismissal of action; use of payments.
    10. a. In any action under this act the court may in appropriate cases award to the prevailing party reasonable counsel and expert witness fees, but not to exceed a total of $50,000 in an action brought against a local agency or the Department of Environmental Protection, where the prevailing party achieved reasonable success on the merits. The fees shall be based on the number of hours reasonably spent and a reasonable hourly rate for the counsel or expert in the action taking into account the prevailing rate in the venue of the action and the skill and experience of the counsel or expert.
    b. The doctrines of collateral estoppel and res judicata may be applied by the court to prevent multiplicity of suits.
    c. An action commenced pursuant to the provisions of this act may not be dismissed without the express consent of the court in which the action was filed.
    d. Except as provided in subsection e. of this section, any payments made pursuant to a settlement or judgment entered in a case brought pursuant to this act shall be used to fund institutions, entities, or activities for purposes consistent with the purposes and goals of the statute, regulation or ordinance at issue in the case. No payment of a settlement or judgment shall be made except upon the submission of a plan to the court by the prevailing party specifying the uses for which the payment will be put, any person or organization that will receive all or part of the payment, and the dollar amounts to be given to each person or organization and the dollar amounts allocated for each use. Recipients of any payments made pursuant to a settlement or judgment shall report to the court on the use of such funds.
    e. Any payments made pursuant to a settlement or judgment entered in a case brought against a local agency pursuant to this act to enforce the "Water Pollution Control Act," P.L.1977, c.74 (C.58:10A-1 et seq.) shall be deposited in the "Wastewater Treatment Fund" established pursuant to subsection a. of section 15 of P.L.1985, c.329.
    f. As used in this section "local agency" means a political subdivision of the State or an agency or instrumentality thereof, that owns or operates a municipal treatment works; "treatment works" means any device or systems, whether public or private, used in the storage, treatment, recycling, or reclamation of municipal or industrial waste of a liquid nature including intercepting sewers, outfall sewers, sewage collection systems, cooling towers and ponds, pumping, power and other equipment and their appurtenances; extensions, improvements, remodeling, additions, and alterations thereof; elements essential to provide a reliable recycled supply such as standby treatment units and clear well facilities; and any other works including sites for the treatment process or for ultimate disposal of residues resulting from such treatment. "Treatment works" includes any other method or system for preventing, abating, reducing, storing, treating, separating, or disposing of pollutants, including storm water runoff, or industrial waste in combined or separate storm water and sanitary sewer systems; and "municipal treatment works" means the treatment works of any municipal, county, or State agency or any agency or subdivision created by one or more municipal, county or State governments and the treatment works of any public utility as defined in R.S.48:2-13.
    18. Section 7 of P.L.1972, c.42 (C.58:11-55) is amended to read as follows:
C.58:11-55 Enforcement.
    7. a. Any person, corporation, or municipality who shall violate any of the provisions of this act or any rules or regulations promulgated thereunder shall be subject to the applicable provisions of section 10 of P.L.1977, c.74 (C.58:10A-10) and section 6 of P.L.1990, c.28 (C.58:10A-10.1), to be collected in a civil action by a summary proceeding under "the penalty enforcement law" (N.J.S.2A:58-1 et seq.), or in any case before a court of competent jurisdiction wherein injunctive relief has been requested. The Superior Court shall have jurisdiction to enforce "the penalty enforcement law".
    b. A public entity operating and controlling a public sewage treatment plant shall, in accordance with subsection a. of this section, enforce any applicable pretreatment standard adopted by the public entity pursuant to section 9 of P.L.1972, c.42 (C.58:11-57), or shall obtain injunctive relief against a violation or threatened violation of a pretreatment standard. A public entity operating and controlling a public sewage treatment plant with pretreatment standards adopted by the commissioner pursuant to section 3 of P.L.1972, c.42 (C.58:11-51), may enforce applicable pretreatment standards in accordance with subsection a. of this section, or obtain injunctive relief as provided in this subsection. The action shall be brought in the name of the local public entity. Of the amount of any penalty assessed and collected pursuant to subsection a. of this section, 10% shall be deposited in the "Wastewater Treatment Operators' Training Account," established in accordance with section 13 of P.L.1990, c.28 (C.58:10A-14.5), and used to finance the cost of training operators of public sewage treatment plants. The remainder shall be used by the local agency solely for enforcement purposes, and for upgrading treatment works.
    19. Section 16 of P.L.1976, c.141 (C.58:10-23.11o) is amended to read as follows:
C.58:10-23.11o Disbursement of moneys from fund; purposes.
    16. Moneys in the New Jersey Spill Compensation Fund shall be disbursed by the administrator for the following purposes and no others:
       (1) Costs incurred under section 7 of P.L.1976, c.141 (C.58:10-:23.11f);
       (2) Damages as defined in section 8 of P.L.1976, c.141 (C.58:10-23.11g);
       (3) Such sums as may be necessary for research on the prevention and the effects of spills of hazardous substances on the marine environment and on the development of improved cleanup and removal operations as may be appropriated by the Legislature; provided, however, that such sums shall not exceed the amount of interest which is credited to the fund;
       (4) Such sums as may be necessary for the boards, general administration of the fund, equipment and personnel costs of the department and any other State agency related to the enforcement of P.L.1976, c.141 as may be appropriated by the Legislature;
       (5) Such sums as may be appropriated by the Legislature for research and demonstration programs concerning the causes and abatement of ocean pollution; provided, however, that such sums shall not exceed the amount of interest which is credited to the fund;
       (6) Such sums as may be requested by the commissioner, up to a limit of $400,000.00 per year, to cover the costs associated with the administration of the "Environmental Cleanup Responsibility Act," P.L.1983, c.330 (C.13:1K-6 et seq.);
       (7) Costs attributable to the department's obligation to defend and indemnify a contractor pursuant to subsection a. of section 7 of P.L.1976, c.141 (C.58:10-23.11f), subject to the appropriation by law of moneys from the General Fund to the fund to defray these costs;
       (8) Administrative costs incurred by the department to implement the provisions of P.L.1977, c.74 (C.58:10A-1 et seq.), as amended and supplemented by P.L.1990, c.28 (C.58:10A-10.1 et al.), on a timely basis, except that the amounts used for this purpose shall not exceed $2,000,000. Any moneys disbursed by the department from the fund for this purpose shall be repaid to the fund in equal amounts from the penalties collected by the department pursuant to P.L.1977, c.74 and P.L.1990, c.28 (C.58:10A-10.1 et al.), in annual installments beginning July 1, 1991 and annually thereafter until the full amount is repaid according to a schedule of repayments determined by the State Treasurer. The Treasurer may invest and reinvest any moneys in said fund in legal obligations of the United States, this State or any of its political subdivisions. Any income or interest derived from such investment shall be included in the fund.
    20. This act shall take effect July 1, 1991, except that this section, subsection i. of section 6 of P.L.1977, c.74 (C.58:10A-6) as amended by section 3 of this act, subsection f. of section 10 of P.L.1977, c.74 (C.58:1OA-10) as amended by section 5 of this act, and sections 12, 13 and 19, shall take effect immediately, and subsections d. and e. of section 7 of P.L.1977, c.74 (C.58:10A-7) as amended by section 4 of this act shall take effect July 1, 1992. The Department of Environmental Protection shall take any administrative actions necessary to implement the provisions of this act on and after the effective dates.
Approved May 23, 1990.
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