OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Ashe, Edward David

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​ASHE. (Lieutenant, 1842.)
Edward David Ashe entered the Navy 20 March, 1830; passed his examination 21 May, 1836; served for three years in the Mediterranean as Mate of the Daphne 18, Capt. John Wm. Dalling; and obtained his commission 25 May, 1842. He joined, 15 Feb. 1843, the Excellent gunnery-ship at Portsmouth, Capt. Sir Thos. Hastings; and since 16 May in the same year has been employed in the Pacific on board the Fisgard 42, Capt. John Alex. Duntze. Agents – Hallett and Bobinson.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Arrow, John Jordan

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​ARROW. (Commander, 1814. f-p., 42; h-p., 5.)
John Jordan Arrow entered the Navy, 1 April, 1800, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Kent 74, Capt. Wm. Johnstone Hope, flag-ship afterwards of Sir Rich. Bickerton, in which he escorted Sir Ralph Abercromby from Gibraltar to Egypt, and took part, as Midshipman, in the campaign of 1801. He removed, in Oct. 1803, to the Active 38, Capt. Rich. Hussey Moubray, on the Home station; officiated afterwards, from 22 May to 21 July, 1806, as Acting-Lieutenant of the Espiègle 18, Capt. Hen. ​Gage Morrig, off th& coast of Ireland; then sailed for the West Indies in the Oepheus frigate, Capt. Thos. Briggs; and, on 12 Aug. 1807, was there confirmed, from the Northumberland 74, flag-ship of Sir Alex. Cochrane, to a Lieutenancy in the Jason 32, Capts. Thos. John Cochrane, Wm. Maude, Chas. Napier, and Hon. Jas. Wm. King. During a continuance of nearly seven years in that frigate, Mr. Arrow commanded a party at the destruction of a French West Indiaman, under a heavy fire from the island of Margarita, in 1807 – assisted, with the Cleopatra 32, in capturing the French frigate La Topaze of 38 guns, off Guadeloupe, 22 Jan. 1809 – was present at the ensuing reduction of the Saintes and,in 1813-14, shared, as First Lieutenant, in many active operations on the river Scheldt, particularly in an unsuccessful attack made by the boats of the Jason and Amphion, attended wdth great loss to the British, on five French brigs, under Fort Lillo. From the Jason, which ship bore the flag of the Duke of Clarence when H.R.H. escorted Louis XVIII. to France, Mr. Arrow was at length promoted to the rank of Commander, 16 May, 1814. He has been employed in the Coast. Guard since 6 Jan. 1820, and is the Senior Officer in that service.
Commander Arrow married Miss Kew, of New Palace Yard, Westminster, by whom he has issue.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Arthur, William Stephens

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​ARTHUR. (Commander, 1824. f-p., 11; h-p., 25.)
William Stephens Arthur entered the Navy, 2 June, 1811, as L.M., on board the Caledonia 120, Capt. Rich. Harward, flag-ship in the Mediterranean of Sir Edw. Pellew; became Midshipman, in Nov. 1811, of the Rainbow 26, Capt. Gardiner Henry Guion, employed in co-operation with the patriots on the coast of Catalonia; served, from Feb. 1813, to Feb. 1818, in the Iphigenia 36, Capts. Andrew King and John Reynolds, under the former of whom, besides witnessing the fall of Genoa, he was wounded, we are informed, in an attack on Fort Erie, in 1814; then joined the Impregnable 104, flag-ship, on her return from the East Indies, of Lord Exmouth, Commander-in-Chief at Plymouth; and, on 6 Feb. 1821, was advanced to the rank of Lieutenant. His next appointment was, 10 July, 1823, to the Isis 50, flag-ship of Sir Lawrence Wm. Halsted, on the Jamaica station, where he attained his present rank, while serving in the Bustard sloop, 11 Oct. 1824. He has not since been employed. Agent – John P. Muspratt.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Ashton, Herbert

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​ASHTON. (Lieut., 1815. f-p., 7; h-p., 31.)
Herbert Ashton entered the Navy, 14 April, 1809, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Implacable 74, Capt. Thos. Byam Martin, stationed on the Baltic. On joining the Surveillante 38, Capt. Sir Geo. Ralph Collier, he served in the boats of that frigate, under Lieut. Hon. Jas. Arbuthnot, at the cutting out of a brig under a heavy fire from the batteries of St. Gildas and St. Jacques, on the coast of France, 5 Sept. 1810; after which, while actively co-operating with the patriots on the north coast of Spain, he assisted at the capture of the towns of Bermeo and Deba in 1811. When next with Capt. John Chambers White, in the Centaur 74, Mr. Ashton witnessed the destruction, in April, 1814, of the French 74-gun ship Regulus, three brigs of war, and several smaller vessels, in the neighbourhood of Bordeaux. We subsequently find him employed in the Sybille 44, Capt. Thos. Forrest; and, again with Sir G. R. Collier, in the Leander 50, en the Madeira and Halifax stations. Since his promotion, which took place, 20 Sept. 1815, he has, with the exception of a brief attachment in the early part of 1816, to the Fly 16, Capt. John Baldwin, been unemployed. Agent – Fred. Dufaur.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Arnold, John

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​ARNOLD. (Retired Commander, 1842. f-p., 16; h-p., 33.)
John Arnold was born 4 Nov. 1784.
This officer entered the Navy, 11 Aug. 1798, as Midshipman, on board the Tigre 80, Capt. Sir Wm. Sidney Smith. In the following year he assisted in the gun-boats and batteries at the defence of St. Jean d’Acre; and, on afterwards attending the expedition of 1801 to Egypt, served on shore with the naval brigade, commanded a gun-boat up the Nile bearing the broad pendant of Sir W. S. Smith, and was present at the surrender of Rosetta and of the castle of Jullien. In June, 1805, after a successive attachment of rather more than two years to the Penelope 36, Capt. Wm. Robt. Broughton, Galykheid and Ruby, flag-ships of Rear-Admiral Edw. Thombrough, and Antelope 50, Commodore Sir W. S. Smith, all on the Home station, Mr. Arnold was appointed Acting-Lieutenant of the Spy 12, Capt. Bushby, off Boulogne, where, on 6 Aug. in the same year, he became Sub-Lieutenant of the Desperate gun-brig, Lieut.-Commander John Price. During the next 20 months we find him sharing in numerous engagements with the enemy’s flotilla and batteries; but more particularly on 29 Jan. 1807, when he received a woimd so severe as to elicit from the Patriotic Society a gratuity of 30l. Being promoted to the rank of Lieutenant, 27 March following, in the Peacock 18, Capt. Wm. Peake, he next joined in that capacity, 16 Sept. 1808, the Foudroyant 80, bearing the flag in South America of his old Captain, Sir W. S. Smith. While subsequently in the Transport service, in which he continued from 1809 to 1815, Mr. Arnold served with the Walcheren expedition, and was employed as Principal Agent at Oporto, Alicant, Bilboa, and finally at Bordeaux, where he embarked the British army for America and England. Having been on half-pay since the peace, he at length, on 19 July, 1842, accepted the rank he now holds.
Commander Arnold married, in 1813, Miss Rawstorne, niece of Sir Michael Pilkington, Bart.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Ashley, Benjamin

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​ASHLEY. (Retired Commander, 1844. f-p., 18; h-p.,36.)
Benjamin Ashley entered the Navy, 27 June, 1793, as A.B., on board the Invincible 74, Capt. Hon. Thos. Pakenham, whom he followed, after participating in the action of 1 June, 1794, into the Juste 80. From April, 1797, until May, 1802, he served as Master’s Mate and Acting-Master of the Childers brig, Capts. Jas. O’Bryen and Jas. Coutts Crawford, on the Home station; where, after an interval of three years and a half, he joined, in Nov. 1805, the Elephant 74, Capt. Geo. Dundas, of which ship, when subsequently in the West Indies, he was created Acting-Lieutenant, 28 June, 1806. On being confirmed, 28 Aug. 1807, he removed to the Coquette, Capt. Robt. Forbes, with whom he continued to be employed, in the same vessel, the Favorite 20, and Creole 36, on the Home and Africa stations, until Jan. 1814. He then returned to England as Acting-Captain of the Astrea 36, in charge of a Brazilian convoy; and since 28 Oct. in the same year has been on half-pay. His assumption of the rank he now holds took place 11 Jan. 1844.
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Lauds

From volume 2 of the work.
​LAUDS (Lat. Laudes). The name given to that division of the Canonical Hours which immediately follows Matins.
The Office of Lauds opens, according to the Ritual of the Western Church, with the series of Versicles and Responses beginning, 'Deus in adjutorium meum intende,' followed by seven Psalms and a Canticle, sung, in five divisions, with five proper Antiphons. These are succeeded by the 'Capitulum' (or 'Little Chapter'); the Hymn for the Day, with its proper versicle and Response; and the 'Benedictus,' which, with its Antiphon, is sung while the Officiating Priest and his Ministers are engaged in incensing the Altar. The Service then concludes with the Collect, or Collects, for the Day; the Commemorations (as at Vespers); and the 'Antiphon of the Blessed Virgin' proper for the Season.
On certain Festivals, the Antiphons, at Lauds, are doubled, as at Matins: and, like Matins, the Office is usually sung 'by anticipation.' The Plain Chaunt Music adapted to it will be found in the 'Antiphonarium Romanum,' and the 'Directorium Chori.' [See Matins; Antiphon.]
[ W. S. R. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Lauterbach, Johann Christoph

From volume 2 of the work.
[ P. D. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Lawrowska, Mlle.

​LAWROWSKA, Mlle. See Zeretelew, Princess, vol. iv. p. 506a.
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Laudi Spirituali

From volume 2 of the work.
​LAUDI SPIRITUALI. A name given to certain collections of Devotional Music, compiled for the use of the 'Laudisti'—a Religious Confraternity, instituted, at Florence, in the year 1310, and afterwards held in great estimation by S. Charles Borromeo, and S. Philip Neri.
The poetry of the 'Laudi'—some ancient specimens of which are attributed, by Crescentini, to S. Francis of Assisi—was originally written entirely in Italian, and bears no trace of classical derivation. The music to which it is adapted—inclining rather to the character of the Sacred Canzonet, than to that of the regular Hymn—was, at first, unisonous, and extremely simple; though, after a time, the Laudisti cultivated part-singing with extraordinary success.
A highly interesting MS. volume, once belonging to a company of 'Laudisti,' enrolled, in the year 1336, at the Chiesa d'Ogni Santi, at Florence, is now preserved in the Magliabecchi Library: and, from this, Dr. Burney (Hist. ii. 328) quotes a very beautiful example 'Alia Trinità beata' which, of late years, has become popular in this country, though, in all the English editions we have seen, the melody is sadly mutilated, and strikingly inferior in character to the original reading. The earliest printed collection is dated 1485. This, however, would seem to have been either unknown to, or unrecognised by, the disciples of S. Philip Neri: for, in 1565, Giovanni Animuccia, who acted as his Maestro di Capella, published a volume entitled 'Il primo libro delle Laudi,' followed by a 'Secondo libro,' of more advanced character, in 1570. These Sacred Songs, which formed the germ of the performances afterwards called Oratorios, became so popular among the youths who flocked to S. Philip for instruction, that, in 1588—seventeen years after the death of the saintly Animuccia—P. Soto thought it desirable to edit a third volume, containing unacknowledged works, for three and four Voices, by some of the greatest Composers of the age. In 1589, the same zealous editor published an amended reprint of the three volumes, consolidated into one; succeeded, in 1591 by a fourth volume, dedicated to the Duchessa d'Aquasparta. Serafino Razzi published a large collection, in 1608, and many others followed—for, at this period, almost every large town, and even many an important parish, had its own Company of Laudisti, who sang the |>oetry of Lorenzo de' Medici, Poliziano, Pulci, Bembo, Ludovico Martelli, Giambellari, Filicaia, and other celebrated writers, with undiminished interest, though, as time progressed, the character of the music sensibly deteriorated.
[ W. S. R. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Laurent de Rillé, François

[ M. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Lavigne, Antoine

From volume 2 of the work.
[ W. H. H. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Lavenu, Louis

From volume 2 of the work.
[ W. H. H. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Lay

From volume 2 of the work.
[ G. ]
# A Game of Chess

Terrace and lawn are white with frost,  Whose fretwork flowers upon the panes-- A mocking dream of summer, lost  'Mid winter's icy chains.
White-hot, indoors, the great logs gleam,  Veiled by a flickering flame of blue: I see my love as in a dream--  Her eyes are azure, too.
She puts her hair behind her ears  (Each little ear so like a shell), Touches her ivory Queen, and fears  She is not playing well.
For me, I think of nothing less:  I think how those pure pearls become her-- And which is sweetest, winter chess  Or garden strolls in summer.
O linger, frost, upon the pane!  O faint blue flame, still softly rise! O, dear one, thus with me remain,  That I may watch thine eyes!
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Jeffreys, Richard Gunning

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​JEFFREYS. (Lieutenant, 1827.)
Richard Gunning Jeffreys entered the Navy 28 Nov. 1812; passed his examination in 1819; obtained his commission 30 April, 1827; served from that period until Feb. 1830, in the Alligator 28, Capts. Wm. P. Canning and Chas. Philip Yorke, on, we believe, the East India and Mediterranean stations; obtained an appointment in the Coast Guard 6 Dec. 1836; removed, 7 May, 1840, to the Lucifer steam-vessel, Capt. Fred. Wm. Beechey, on the coast of Ireland; and went back to the Coast Guard 18 Sept. following. He has been on half-pay since the close of 1841. Agents – Messrs. Chard.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Jenkins, Henry

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​JENKINS. (Lieut., 1810. f-p., 15; h-p., 28.)
Henry Jenkins entered the Navy, 10 May, 1804, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Windsor Castle 98, Capts. Davidge Gould and Chas. Boyles; under the latter of whom he participated in Sir Robt. Calder’s action 22 July, 1805, witnessed the surrender of four French frigates to a squadron under Sir Sam. Hood off Rochefort 25 Sept. 1806, and passed the Dardanells in Feb. 1807. Removing in Sept. 1808 to the Pallas 32, Capt. Geo. Fras. Seymour, he was present, in the course of the following year, at the destruction of the French shipping in Basque Roads, and also at the bombardment of Flushing; after which, it appears, he served for about 12 months with the same Captain in the Manilla frigate, on the Lisbon and African stations. Being made Lieutenant, 27 Sept. 1810, into the ​Impétueux 74, Capts. John Lawford, David Milne, and Chas. Inglis, he further served in that ship off the coasts of Portugal and Africa, as also in the Baltic and Channel, part of the time under the flag of the present Sir Geo. Martin, until Dec. 1812. His subsequent appointments were – 12 Nov. 1813, to the Myrmidon 20, Capts. Wm. Paterson and Robt. Gambier, with whom he cruized in the Channel and off Madeira and Teneriffe until Oct. 1815 – 26 Aug. 1818 and 29 March, 1820, to the Rochfort 80, bearing the flag of Sir Thos. Fras. Fremantle, and Liffey 50, Capt. Hon. Henry Duncan, both on the Mediterranean station, whence he returned in the latter ship to England in the summer of 1821 – 27 Feb. 1827, to the Dartmouth 42, Capt. Sir Thos. Fellowes, from which frigate he invalided in the following May – 17 Sept. 1842, to the San Josef 110, flag-ship of Sir David Milne at Plymouth – and, 22 May, 1845, as Senior, to the Caledonia 120, Capt. Manley Dixon, lying at the same port. He has been on half-pay since the close of the latter year.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Jerningham, Arthur William

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​JERNINGHAM. (Commander, 1841. f-p., 22; h-p., 2.)
Arthur William Jerningham, born 26 Feb. 1807, is second son of the late Wm. Chas. Jerningham, Esq., an officer of rank in the Austrian service, by Anne, eldest daughter of Thos. Wright, Esq., of Fitzwalters, co. Essex; brother of Fred. Wm. Jerningham, Esq., late of the 29th Regt.; and nephew of the present Lord Stafford. One of his sisters is married to the eldest son of Viscount Gormanston.
This officer entered the Navy, 13 June, 1823, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Mersey 26, Capt. John Macpherson Ferguson, stationed in South America, where he exchanged into the Fly 18, Capt. Wm. Fanshawe Martin. On being paid off in 1825 he became Mipshipman of the Victory 104, bearing the flag of Sir Geo. Martin at Portsmouth; and he afterwards, until Dec. 1829, served in the Channel and Mediterranean on board the Galatea 42, Capt. Sir Chas. Sullivan, and Pelican and Raleigh sloops, Capts. Alex. Wm. Baillie Hamilton, Fras. Deane Hutcheson, Geo. Haye, and Sir Wm. Dickson. In Jan. 1830 we find Mr. Jerningham, who had passed his examination in the previous Sept., joining the Britannia 120, flag-ship of Sir Pulteney Malcolm, also on the Mediterranean station, where, on 28 Feb. 1832, after having served as Mate with Capts. Hugh Berners and Wm. Smith in the Philomel 10, he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant, while employed under Hon. Sir Henry Hotham in the St. Vincent 120. His succeeding appointments were – 27 July, 1833, to the Raleigh, 16, Capt. Abraham Mills Hawkins, with whom he returned to England in the early part of 1834 – 17 Nov. 1835, to the Excellent gunnery-ship at Portsmouth, Capt. Thos. Hastings – and 23 June, 1837, to the Wellesley 74, bearing the successive flags of Sir Jas. John Gordon Bremer and Hon. Geo. Elliot. For his services as Gunnery and First Lieutenant in the latter ship during the early portion of the China war, he was advanced to his present rank by commission dated 22 Feb. 1841. He has been employed in the Coast Guard since 4 of the following Aug., at first as an Inspecting Commander and latterly as Inspector of small-arm exercise to that service, with his name on the books of the Excellent.
Commander Jerningham married, 19 April, 1836, Sophia Mary, eldest daughter of Rich. O’Farrell Caddell, Esq., of Harbourstown, co. Meath, by the Hon. Paulina Southwell, sister of the present Viscount Southwell. By that lady he has issue.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Jenkin, Charles

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​JENKIN. (Commander, 1846.)
Charles Jenkin entered the Navy 7 Feb. 1814; passed his examination in 1823; and was made Lieutenant, 24 Dec. 1829, into the Barham 50, Capt. Sir John Louis. His subsequent appointments were, to the command – 1 Nov. 1832, of a station in the Coast Guard – 13 May, 1837, of the Romney receiving-ship at the Havana – 9 Sept. 1841, of the Avon steamer, at Woolwich – 2 July, 1842, of the Griffon brigantine, on the North America and West India station – and 23 Dec. 1845, of the Myrmidon steamer, employed on particular service. He attained his present rank 9 Nov. 1846; and is at present on half-pay.
Commander Jenkin married, in 1832, Henrietta Camilla, daughter of the Hon. Robt. Jackson, of the island of Jamaica. Agents – Messrs. Stilwell.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Jenkinson, Henry

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​JENKINSON. (Captain, 1814. f-p., 11; h-p., 33.)
Henry Jenkinson is eldest son of Lieut.-General John Jenkinson.
This officer (who had been for three years a student at the Royal Naval Academy) first embarked, in Oct. 1806, as a Supernumerary Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Royal William, flag-ship of Admiral Montagu at Spithead. He removed soon afterwards to the Décade 36, Capt. John Stuart, with whom he cruized on the Bermuda, Channel, and Irish stations, the greater part of the time as Midshipman, until June, 1809. On 11 of the following Dec, after having accompanied the expedition to the Walcheren in the Venerable 74, Capt. Andrew King, Mr. Jenkinson was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant. He was employed, during the next two years and a half, chiefly on the North Sea and Lisbon stations, in the Clyde and Inconstant frigates, bearing each the broad pendant of Commodore Edw. W. C. R. Owen, and Impétueux 74, flag-ship of Vice Admiral Geo. Martin; was made Commander, 13 Aug. 1812, into the Jasper sloop; and after commanding that vessel for nearly two years was advanced to Post-rank 7 June, 1814. His acceptance of the Retirement took place 1 Oct. 1846.
Capt. Jenkinson married, 25 Aug. 1823, Elizabeth Lucy Theresa, youngest daughter of the late Sir Thos. Dyke Acland, Bart., M.P. for North Devon.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Jenner, George

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​JENNER. (Lieutenant, 1815. f-p., 9; h-p., 32.)
George Jenner was born 21 Nov. 1791, in Suffolk.
This officer entered the Navy, 18 May, 1806, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Milan 38, Capt. Robt. Laurie, in which frigate he was employed in escorting convoy to Halifax, blockading the Chesapeake, and conveying troops and stores to Lisbon. On 23 Sept. 1810, a few days after he had been paid off, he became Midshipman of the Désirée 36, Capt. Arthur Farquhar, attached to the force in the North Sea, where he served for some time off the Texel, and assisted at the capture, among other vessels, of the Velocifère, French privateer of 14 guns and 56 men. From the Désirée, in whose boats he had been more than once employed, Mr. Jenner removed, in Oct. 1811, to the Ajax 74, Capts. Sir R. Laurie, Robt. Waller Otway, and Geo. Mundy. Continuing in that ship until Oct. 1814, he was at first stationed off Toulon and Sicily. He afterwards cruized in the Bays of Biscay and Quiberon, and, besides witnessing the fall of St. Sebastian in Sept. 1813, was present at the taking, 17 March, 1814, of L’Alcyon, national brig of 16 guns and 120 men. In the boats of the Ajax he proved instrumental to the capture of several merchantmen; and on one occasion in 1812 he had the satisfaction of being complimented by his Captain, Otway, for his conduct at the capture of the Ned American schooner. Since the attainment of his present rank, 20 March, 1815, Lieut. Jenner (who, prior to leaving the Ajax, had made a voyage with troops to Quebec) has been on half-pay.
He married, 22 Feb. 1822, Sarah, daughter of Thos. Youngs, Esq., of Mendham, Suffolk.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Jenner, Robert

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​JENNER. (Commander, 1847.)
Robert Jenner is third son of the Right Hon. Sir Herbert Jenner Fust, D.C.L., Dean of the Arches, and Judge of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, by the youngest daughter of the late General Lascelles; and first-cousin and brother-in-law of the present Robt. Fras. Jenner, Esq., of Wenvoe Castle, co. Glamorgan.
This officer entered the Navy 19 June, 1826; passed his examination in 1832; obtained his first commission 26 Oct. 1840; was then appointed Additional-Lieutenant of the Princess Charlotte 104, flag-ship in the Mediterranean of Hon. Sir Robt. Stopford; and afterwards joined – 17 Feb. 1841, the Thunderer 84, Capt. Dan. Pring, employed on the latter station and in attendance on the Queen off Walmer Castle – 3 Dec. 1843, the St. Vincent 120, bearing the flag of Sir Chas. Rowley at Portsmouth – and, 26 Sept. 1845, the Excellent gunnery-ship, Capt. Henry Ducie Chads, of which he became First-Lieutenant. He attained his present rank 27 Jan. 1847.
The Commander married, in 1843, Selina Helen, youngest daughter of the late Jas. Jameson, Esq., of Calcutta, by whom he has issue. Agents – Messrs. Stilwell.