OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Garnett, Thomas (1799-1878)

​GARNETT, THOMAS (1799–1878), manufacturer and naturalist, younger brother of Richard and Jeremiah Garnett [q. v.] was born at Otley, Yorkshire, on 18 Jan. 1799. In his early days he supported himself by weaving pieces on his own account, but about the age or twenty-one he obtained employment in the great manufacturing establishment of Garnett & Horsfall, Low Moor, Clitheroe, founded and then directed by his uncle, Jeremiah Garnett, esq., of Roe Field. He successively became manager and partner, and at the time of his death had for many years been head of the firm. He possessed an inquiring and speculative intellect, and was an unwearied observer and experimenter in agriculture, medicine, and natural history. He was one of the first to propose the artificial propagation of fish, on which he wrote in the 'Magazine of Natural History' in 1832; he also first discovered the economical value of alpaca wool, which he failed in inducing his partners to take up; and he was one of the earliest experimenters with guano. His papers on natural history and kindred subjects, which evince a faculty of observation comparable to that, of Gilbert White, were collected and privately printed, under the editorship of the present writer, his nephew, in 1883. His character was strong and decided; he was an active, useful citizen, and several times mayor of Clitheroe. He died on 21 May 1878.
[Garnett's Essays in Nat. Hist. and Agriculture, 1883; personal knowledge.]
R. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Garnier, Thomas (1809-1863)

​GARNIER, THOMAS, the younger (1809–1863), dean of Lincoln, second son of the Rev. Thomas Garnier the elder, dean of Winchester [q. v.], and Mary, daughter of C. H. Parry, M.D., of Bath, sister of Sir Edward Parry, the Arctic navigator, was born at his father's living of Bishopstoke, Hampshire, 15 April 1809. He was educated at Winchester School, whence he proceeded to Worcester College, Oxford, where he graduated B.A. in 1830, in which year he was elected, like his father before him, to a fellowship at All Souls. At Oxford he was distinguished for excellence in all athletic sports, and he was one of the crew in the first university boat-race. He took the degree of B.C.L. in 1833, and in the same year was ordained deacon. After having served the curacy of Old Alresford, Hampshire, he was appointed to the college living of Lewknor, Oxfordshire, and was in 1840 presented by the Earl of Leicester to the rectory of Longford, Derbyshire. Here he resided till 1849, when he was made chaplain of the House of Commons, holding with it the preachership of the Lock Hospital. In 1850 Lord John Russell, then prime minister, nominated him to the important crown living of Holy Trinity, Marylebone, where he worked hard. Garnier belonged to the so-called 'evangelical school,' but his freedom from its narrowness ​is evidenced by his establishing daily service and weekly communions in his church. In 1859, on the death of Dean Erskine, he was nominated by Lord Palmerston to the deanery of Ripon, from which he was transferred in 1860 to that of Lincoln. Shortly after his appointment to Lincoln he met with an accidental fall, from the effects of which he never recovered. He died at the deanery 7 Dec. 1863 in his fifty-fourth year, Garnier married, 23 May 1835, Lady Caroline Keppel, youngest daughter of William Charles, fourth earl of Albemarle, by whom he had a numerous family. He was the author of a pamphlet on the 'New Poor-law Amendment Act,' addressed to the labouring classes to disprove the supposed injurious effects of the proposed changes. He published in 1851 'Sermons on Domestic Duties,' described as 'excellent, forcible, and practical,' besides separate sermons and pamphlets.
[Contemporary newspapers; Account of Life and Character.]
E. V.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Knight, Samuel (1759-1827)

​KNIGHT, SAMUEL (1759–1827), vicar of Halifax, where he was born on 9 March 1759, was son of Titus Knight by a second marriage. His father, an independent minister at Halifax, came under Lady Huntingdon's influence in 1762, became minister of a methodist chapel in 1763, and for two months yearly assisted Whitefield at Tottenham Court Chapel and elsewhere. He died 2 March 1793 (see Life of Lady Huntingdon, ii. 285–7). The son, after attending Hipperholme grammar school, entered Magdalene College, Cambridge, as a sizar in 1779, graduated B.A. as seventh wrangler in 1783, and was elected fellow. In April 1783 he was appointed curate of Wintringham, ​Lincolnshire, and took pupils. He proceeded M.A. in 1786. In 1794 he was presented to the vicarage of Humberstone, Lincolnshire, but continued to reside at Wintringham, where he received pupils into his house, and became also curate of Roxby, a neighbouring village. In 1798 he obtained the perpetual curacy of Holy Trinity, Halifax, being the first to fill that office, and removed thither with his pupils. In December 1817 he was instituted to the vicarage of Halifax. He died on 7 Jan. 1827. Knight was author of: 1. ‘Forms of Prayer,’ 12mo, York, 1791, which passed through sixteen editions during his lifetime. 2. ‘On Confirmation,’ 12mo, York, 1800 (four editions). His ‘Sermons and Miscellaneous Works,’ 2 vols. 8vo, Halifax, 1828, were edited by his son James (see below), with a memoir by another son, the Rev. William Knight. Prefixed is his portrait, engraved by W. T. Fry.
The son, James Knight (1793–1863), was scholar of Lincoln College, Oxford, from 1812 to 1815, graduated B.A. 1814, and proceeded M.A. 1817. He was appointed perpetual curate of St. Paul's Church, Sheffield, in 1824, and resigned the living in 1860. He died at Barton-on-Humber 30 Aug. 1863. He wrote: 1. ‘Discourses on the principal Parables of Our Lord,’ 1829. 2. ‘Discourses on the principal Miracles of Our Lord,’ 1831. 3. ‘Discourses on the Lord's Prayer,’ 1832. 4. ‘A Concise Treatise on the Truth and Importance of the Christian Religion.’
[Memoir referred to; Gent. Mag. 1827 i. 282, 1863 ii. 515, 660; Darling's Cycl. Bibl. 1741; Foster's Alumni Oxon.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Knight, John Baverstock

​KNIGHT, JOHN BAVERSTOCK (1785–1859), painter, born at the parsonage, Langton, near Blandford, Dorset, on 3 May 1785, was second son of John Forster Knight, land-agent, and Sophia his wife. He was educated at home and in a commercial school at Child Okeford. He became assistant to his father as land surveyor and agent, but from a love of art, which his father encouraged, took to water-colour painting. His careful studies from nature brought him much local reputation, and he exhibited one or two architectural subjects at the Royal Academy. In 1816 he published some etchings of old buildings in Dorset, one of which, a view of Bradford Abbas Church, was published in the ‘Gentleman's Magazine’ for 1818. After the death of his father and his own marriage, the care of his mother and younger brother devolved on Knight, and this, coupled with increasing bad health, led him to abandon art as a profession. He died at West Lodge, Piddle Hinton, Dorset, on 14 May 1859. His works were favourably noticed by Henry Fuseli, Sir Thomas Lawrence, and other competent authorities. A neighbour and intimate friend of Knight's was Thomas Rackett [q. v.] the antiquary, rector of Spetisbury, Dorset.
[Gent. Mag. 3rd ser. 1859, vii. 310; Graves's Dict. of Artists, 1760–1880.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Knight, Joseph Philip

​KNIGHT, JOSEPH PHILIP (1812–1887), composer of songs, was the youngest son of Francis Knight, D.D., vicar of Bradford-on-Avon, Wiltshire, where he was born 26 July 1812. He studied music under John Davis Corfe, organist of Bristol Cathedral, and began composing at the age of twenty, when he published a set of six songs under the name of ‘Philip Mortimer’ (1832). Among these were ‘Old Times,’ sung by Henry Phillips, and ‘Go, forget me,’ which became popular both here and in Germany. Under his own name, and in collaboration with Haynes Bayly, he subsequently produced very many songs, the most notable of which were ‘The Veteran’ and ‘She wore a wreath of roses.’ After these came, among other productions, a song, ‘The Parting,’ and a duet, ‘Let's take this world as some wide scene,’ words of both by Thomas Moore. In 1839 Knight visited America, and there composed his famous song ‘Rocked in the cradle of the deep,’ which will always be associated with Braham. On his return to England in 1841 he produced ‘Beautiful Venice,’ ‘Say, what shall my song be to-night?’ and ‘The Dream,’ words by the Hon. Mrs. Norton. Some years afterwards he took holy orders, and was appointed to the charge of St. Agnes in the Scilly Isles, where he remained for two years. He then married, and went to reside abroad, but finally returned to England and resumed composition. His death took place at Yarmouth, Norfolk, 1 June 1887. Knight's songs, duets, and trios number in all about two hundred. Many of these have enjoyed great popularity, but only ‘She wore a wreath of roses’ and ‘Rocked in the cradle of the deep’ seem likely to hold their ground. As a composer he had a remarkable command of pure English melody. He was an excellent organist, and was exceptionally skilful in extemporising.
[Grove's Dict. of Music; Brown's Dict. of Musicians.]
J. C. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Knight, Mary Anne

Mary Ann Knight in the ODNB.
​KNIGHT, MARY ANNE (1776–1831), miniature-painter, born in 1776, was a pupil of Andrew Plimer [q. v.], and was a skilful painter of miniatures in his manner. She first exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1807, and continued to exhibit occasionally up to the date of her death. She resided for some years at 51 Berners Street and latterly in ​Grove End Road, St. John's Wood, London, where she died unmarried in 1831.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Graves's Dict. of Artists, 1760–1880; Bryan's Dict. of Painters and Engravers, ed. Graves.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gordon-Cumming, Roualeyn George

​GORDON-CUMMING, ROUALEYN GEORGE (1820–1866). [See Cumming.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gore, Charles Stephen

​GORE, Sir CHARLES STEPHEN (1793–1869), general, colonel 6th foot, lieutenant-governor of Chelsea Hospital, a son of Arthur Gore, second earl of Arran, by his third wife, Elizabeth Underwood, was born on 26 Dec. 1793, and entered the service as cornet 16th light dragoons in October 1808, and was transferred as ensign to the 6th foot and 43rd foot. His subsequent commissions were lieutenant, January 1810; captain, March 1815; major, January 1819; lieutenant-colonel, September 1822; colonel, January 1837; major-general, November 1846; lieutenant-general, June 1854; colonel 6th foot, March 1861; general, February 1863. He joined the 43rd in the Peninsula in July 1811, and was one of the storming party of Fort San Francisco, at the investment of Ciudad Rodrigo, also at the siege and storming of that fortress and of Badajoz. He was aide-de-camp to Sir Andrew Barnard at the battle of Salamanca, and to Sir James Kempt at the battles of Vittoria, Nivelle, the Nive, Orthez, and Toulouse, and was present at all the affairs in which the light division was engaged from 1812 till the end of the war. As aide-de-camp he accompanied Sir James Kempt to Canada in 1814, but returned to Europe with him in time for the Waterloo campaign, where Kempt was second in command of, and succeeded to, Picton's division. Gore had a horse killed under him at Quatre Bras, and three horses at Waterloo. He was present also at the capture of Paris and with the army of occupation in France. He was deputy quartermaster-general in Jamaica at the time of the negro emancipation, and in Canada during the disturbances of 1838–9.
Gore was G.C.B. and K.H., and had received the Peninsular medal with nine clasps and the Waterloo medal. He was successively colonel of the 91st and 6th foot. He married, on 13 May 1824, Sarah Rachel, daughter of the Hon. James Fraser, member of the legislative council of Nova Scotia, by whom he left issue. Gore died at the lieutenant-governor's residence, Chelsea Hospital, on 4 Sept. 1869, aged 76. His widow died in 1880.
H. M. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gore, John (1718-1784)

​GORE, JOHN, Lord Annaly (1718–1784), Irish judge, born on 2 March 1718, was the eldest surviving son of George Gore (d. 1753), fourth son of Sir Arthur Gore, bart., of Newtown Gore, co. Leitrim, and one of the judges of the court of common pleas in Ireland, by Bridget, daughter and heiress of John Sankey of Tenelick, co. Longford. He was educated at the university of Dublin (B.A. 1737, M.A. 1742). After practising with success as a junior for some years he was appointed king's counsel and counsel to the commissioners of the revenue. In 1745 he became M.P. for Jamestown, co. Leitrim, solicitor-general on 31 July 1760, and chief justice of the king's bench on 24 Aug. 1764, being sworn also of the privy council. On 17 Jan. 1766 he was made an Irish peer by the title of Baron Annaly of Tenelick, and took his seat in the House of Lords on the 27th. In the following February letters patent were passed authorising him to act as speaker of the upper house in the absence of the lord chancellor. He died on 3 April 1784. By his marriage, on 26 Nov. 1747, to Frances, second daughter of Richard, viscount Powerscourt, he had no issue.
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gore, Montagu

​GORE, MONTAGU (1800–1864), politician, eldest son of the Rev. Charles Gore of Honbury, Gloucestershire, matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford, 8 May 1818, aged 18. His mother was Harriet, daughter of Richard ​Little, esq., of Grosvenor Place. He became a student of Lincoln's Inn in 1821. He represented Devizes in the House of Commons as a liberal 1832–4, and Barnstaple as a conservative 1841–7. Having voted with Sir Robert Peel for the abolition of the corn duty, the conservative party refused to support him at the succeeding general election, and he never again sat in parliament. He was a well-known contributor to the press, and the author of many pamphlets on political and social subjects. Among his publications was a translation of a work by Baron Von Valentini, ‘On the Seat of War in European Turkey,’ and a pamphlet on England's foreign relations issued in 1838, which was reviewed by Brougham in the ‘Edinburgh Review,’ vol. lxviii. He took a warm interest in the welfare of sailors, and was an active member of the committee of the National Lifeboat Institution. He died unmarried on 5 Oct. 1864.
[North Devon Journal, 13 Oct. 1864; Foster's Alumni Oxon.; Burke's Landed Gentry; Gent. Mag. November 1864; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
J. M. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Heald, William Margetson

​HEALD, WILLIAM MARGETSON (1767–1837), divine, born at Dewsbury Moor, Yorkshire, in 1767, was educated at Batley grammar school; attended medical lectures in Edinburgh and in London; joined the class of John Hunter during the last course of lectures given by him; commenced practice as a surgeon and apothecary at Wakefield, but soon abandoned the profession. He was admitted a sizar of Catharine Hall, Cambridge, on 2 July 1790, and became pensioner on 5 Nov. 1791 (College Admission Register). He graduated B.A. in 1794 and M.A. in 1798. After taking holy orders he was curate successively at Balsham, Cambridgeshire, where he took pupils, and about 1798 at Birstal, near Leeds. From 1801 to 1836 he was vicar of Birstal, and on his resignation (June 1836) the Archbishop of York presented the benefice to his son, William Margetson Heald. He died in January 1837 (Gent. Mag. new ser. vii. 435).
While he was studying medicine at Edinburgh, Heald published a mock heroic poem, in six cantos, called ‘The Brunoniad,’ 4to, London (cf. Critical Rev. February 1790, lxix. 161–3). It gives a humorous account of the medical contests which the eccentricities of Dr. John Brown (1735–1788) [q. v.] occasioned. At the time Heald was evidently a friend of the Brunonian system.
[R. V. Taylor's Biographia Leodiensis, pp. 366–7.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Heard, Isaac

​HEARD, Sir ISAAC (1730–1822), Garter king-of-arms, born at Ottery St. Mary, Devonshire, on 10 Dec. (O.S.) 1730, was son of John Heard, gentleman, sometime of Bridgwater, and afterwards of London, by Elizabeth, daughter of Benjamin Mitchell of Branscombe and Salcombe Regis. He was educated at Honiton grammar school. At the age of fifteen he entered the navy as a volunteer, and served as a midshipman on board H.M.S. Lynn, and afterwards in the Blandford till 1751, when he settled at Bilbao in Spain. There he engaged in mercantile pursuits, but his speculations were frustrated by the outbreak of war between that country and England in 1757. He was afterwards employed by a London merchant, and was introduced to Thomas Howard, earl of Effingham, then exercising the office of earl marshal, who, noticing his liking for antiquarian research, appointed him Blue-mantle pursuivant-of-arms 5 Dec. 1759. He became Lancaster herald on 3 July 1761, Norroy king-of-arms on 18 Oct. 1774, gentleman usher of the scarlet rod of the order of the Bath, and Brunswick herald; Clarenceux king-of-arms 16 May 1780, and on the death of Ralph Bigland [q. v.], by patent dated 1 May 1784, Garter principal king-of-arms, receiving the honour of knighthood in the following month. He died in the College of Arms, London, on 29 April 1822, and was buried in St. George's Chapel, Windsor. He was twice married, but left no issue. A portrait of him was painted in 1817 by Arthur W. Devis.
[Noble's College of Arms, pp. 418, 422, 439, 441, 448; Gent. Mag. 1822, pt. i. pp. 466, 625; Nichols's Illustr. of Lit. v. 225; Nichols's Lit. Anecd. vii. 589; Evans's Cat. of Engraved Portraits, No. 5120; Townsend's Calendar of Knights, p. 31.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Heard, William

​HEARD, WILLIAM (fl. 1778), poet and dramatist, was the son of a bookseller of Piccadilly, and was educated for the medical profession. Unfortunately he betook himself to play-writing, and brought out two feeble dramas:
* ‘The Snuff Box; or, A Trip to Bath,’ a comedy in two acts, performed at the Haymarket in 1775.
* ‘Valentine's Day,’ a musical drama in two acts, performed for only one night at Drury Lane on 22 March 1776 at Mr. Reddish's benefit, and printed anonymously (cf. Genest, v. 493).
Still more deplorable is a volume of poems entitled ‘A Sentimental Journey to Bath, Bristol, and their Environs; a descriptive Poem. To which are added Miscellaneous Pieces,’ 4to, London, 1778. Heard died on the coast of Africa at the age of thirty-four. His wife and daughter were both actresses.
[Baker's Biographia Dramatica, ed. 1812, i. 322, iii. 284, 375; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Healde, Thomas

​HEALDE, THOMAS, M.D. (1724?–1789), physician, born about 1724 at Ashbourne, Derbyshire, was the son of Robert Healde of Norwich. On 19 June 1742 he was admitted a sub-sizar of Trinity College, Cambridge, and proceeded M.B. in 1749 and M.D. in 1754 (College Admission Book). He commenced practice at Witham, Essex, was admitted a candidate of the Royal College of Physicians on 22 Dec. 1759, and a fellow on 22 Dec. 1760. In 1763 he delivered the Gulstonian lectures, and in 1765 the Harveian oration, which was printed during the same year. He removed to London in 1767, was censor in 1769 and 1771, Croonian lecturer in 1770, 1784, 1785, and 1786, and was Lumleian lecturer from 22 Dec. 1786 until his death. He was elected physician to the London Hospital on 20 June 1770, F.R.S. the next day (Thomson, Hist. of Royal Soc. Ap. iv. p. liii), and in 1771 Gresham professor of physic (Royal Kalendars). Healde died on 26 March 1789, leaving his widow and family destitute. The college voted 100l. for their relief at the comitia majora of 25 June following. Mrs. Healde for many years acted as a midwife. Healde was the author of: 1. ‘The Use of Oleum Asphalti,’ 8vo, London, 1769. 2. ‘The New Pharmacopœia of the Royal College of Physicians, translated with Notes,’ 8vo, London, 1788 (another edition, 1793).
[Munk's Coll. of Phys. 1878, ii. 231–2.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Heald, James

​HEALD, JAMES (1796–1873), philanthropist, second son of James Heald of Brinnington and Disley, Cheshire, merchant, was born on 1 March 1796 at Portwood, near Stockport, was educated at Rochdale, and entered his father's business. His parents belonged to the Wesleyan body, but he contemplated taking orders in the church of England, and relinquished his work in order to study for that purpose. By the influence of an uncle, however, he rejoined the Wesleyans, and continued for a time a partner with his father. He became very wealthy, and in 1825 he removed to Parr's Wood, near Manchester, where he resided until his death. In the latter part of his life he was not actively engaged in business, but greatly assisted in the reconstruction of the Manchester and Liverpool District Bank, and was a shareholder in many Manchester companies. At the general election of 1847 he was returned in the conservative interest for Stockport, his colleague being Richard Cobden. After declaring himself in favour of free trade, he was unseated in 1852. Heald was extremely charitable. He contributed largely towards various Wesleyan institutions, he was treasurer of the Wesleyan Missionary Society, and the most prominent layman in the connexion. He frequently preached. In Stockport the infirmary, of which he was treasurer at the time of his death, was founded and largely maintained by him.
Heald died unmarried at Parr's Wood on 26 Oct. 1873, and was buried in the churchyard at Chapel-en-le-Frith in Derbyshire. Sir Joseph Napier, the lawyer, described his character as a rare combination of evangelical earnestness and wise moderation.
[Methodist Recorder, 14 Nov. 1873; Manchester Examiner, 29 Oct. 1873; Walford's County Families.]
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Heale, William

​HEALE, WILLIAM (1581?–1627), divine, was a native of South Heal in the county of Devon, where he was born about 1581. On 14 March 1600 he was admitted as a commoner at Exeter College, Oxford, and thence graduated B.A. 1603, and M.A. (Broadgates Hall) 1606. Subsequently he entered into holy orders, and was appointed chaplain-fellow of Exeter College 22 Aug. 1608, but was expelled 7 May 1610 for absence. He then became vicar of Bishop's Teignton 1 Dec. 1610, and died early in 1627 (Oliver, Eccl. Antiq. Devon. i. 121). He published ‘An Apologie for Women, or An Opposition to Mr. Doctor G[ager] his assertion, who held in the Act at Oxforde Anno 1608 that it was lawfull for husbands to beat their wives,’ printed by Joseph Barnes at Oxford in 1609 [see Gager, William]. Wood says of Heale that ‘he was always esteemed an ingenious man, but weak as being too much devoted to the female sex.’
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. (Bliss), ii. 89; Brit. Mus. Cat.; Boase's Register of Exeter College, pp. 56–7; Reg. Univ. Oxf. (Clark) (Oxf. Hist. Soc. 1888).]
W. C. S.