OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Jaunpur

Edition of 1920. See also Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
JAUNPUR, jown-poor, British India, city in the district of the same name in the Benares division, on the river Gumti, 34 miles by rail northwest of Benares. It is a city of great antiquity and was formerly the capital of a Mohammedan kingdom extending from Budaun and Etawah to Behar. It has many fine architectural monuments, among them a gateway of the 16th century, a mosque dating from 1376, the baths of Ibrahim Shah, the bridge over the Gumti, built in 1569-73, and other splendid remains. The city was a centre of revolt during the Indian mutiny in 1857. While it is famous for its perfumes it is no longer commercially important. Pop. 30,473.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Taylor, Francis Pringle

Find main topic
Layout 2
​Taylor, Francis Pringle, R.N., Commander, Queensland Naval Forces, was born in Edinburgh in 1852, and educated at the Edinburgh Academy. He entered the Royal Navy in 1866, and after seeing considerable service was made lieutenant in 1877. Two years later he was invalided, and went to Australia, where ho speedily recovered his health, and was appointed commander of H.M.S. Wolverine in the New South Wales service—a post he retained until the vessel was paid off five years later. After a course of study in gunnery and torpedo warfare in England, Captain Taylor was appointed first lieutenant of H.M.Q.S. Gayundah, and succeeded Captain H. T. Wright as commander of that vessel, and senior naval officer and superintendent of the Queensland Naval Defence Force in Nov. 1888.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Tebbutt, John

Layout 2
​Tebbutt, John, F.R.A.S., the well-known astronomer of New South Wales, is the grandson of the late John Tebbutt, who emigrated to that colony in 1801. He was born at Windsor, N.S.W., on May 25th, 1834. Having turned his attention to astronomy and made a thorough study of mathematics, he made minute observations of the Donati comet in 1858, and of the comet of 1860. He also minutely diagnosed the grand comet of the next year, and his predictions of the near approach of its tail to the earth produced much excitement. His views, though questioned by local amateurs, were subsequently confirmed by astronomical experts in the colonies and Europe. On the retirement of the Rev. W. Scott, the New South Wales Government Astronomer, in 1862, he was offered the post, but declined it. He received the silver medal of the Paris Exhibition for his paper on the "Progress and Present State of Astronomy in New South Wales," and in 1873 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society. Mr. Tebbutt is the author of "Sixteen Years' Meteorological Observations."
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Symonds, Edward C.

Find main topic
Layout 2
​Symonds, Edward C., J. P., was born in Sydney, N.S.W., on August 13th, 1838, and is the eldest son of E. S. Symonds, C.M.G., late Under-Treasurer of Victoria (q.v.). He went to Victoria in Jan. 1852, and entered the Government service in the Audit Office, in February of the same year, as chief clerk. In Sept. 1887 he was appointed Comptroller of the Money Order and Savings Bank branch of the Postal Department, which position he still holds. He was appointed to the commission of the peace in March 1888.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Symonds, Edward Stace

Find main topic
Layout 2
​Symonds, Edward Stace, C.M.G., sometime Under-Treasurer of Victoria, son of Samuel Symonds, surgeon R.N., and Mary his wife, was born at Gosport, England, on July 15th, 1816. In 1836 he emigrated to Australia, arriving in Sydney in Dec. of that year. He was a commissioner for the goldfields from May 1852 to March 1855, when he was appointed gold-receiver at Melbourne. The latter position he held till Oct. 1857, when he became Under-Treasurer of Victoria, an office of which he fulfilled the duties for thirty years, retiring on a pension in Jan. 1887. Mr. Symonds, who was created C.M.G. in 1886, married on Feb. 16th, 1882, Miss Edith Rickards.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Tancred, Hon. Henry John

Layout 2
​Tancred, Hon. Henry John, second son of Sir Thomas Tancred, Bart., of Boroughbridge, co. York, by Harriet Lucy, daughter of the Rev. Offley Crewe, was born in 1825, and educated at Rugby. At an early age he entered the Austrian army, and served in Hungary and Italy. In 1851 he went to Canterbury, N.Z., and in 1853 was returned to the first Provincial Council, being appointed a member of the Legislative Council of New Zealand in the following year. Mr. Tancred was in the Bell-Sewell Ministry as a member of the Executive Council from April 18th to May 20th, 1856; and in the Stafford Ministry as a member of the Executive Council (August 5th, 1858, to July 12th, 1861), Secretary for Crown Lands (August 19th, 1858, to July 12th, 1861), and Postmaster-General (Nov. 3rd, 1858, to July 12th, 1861). Mr. Tancred was also in the Domett Ministry as a member of the Executive Council from August 6th, 1862, to Feb. 6th, 1863. He continued to sit in Parliament till 1870. In 1866 he was elected Speaker of the Provincial Council of Canterbury, which office he held till the abolition of the provinces in 1875. He was also much interested in educational matters, having been a member of the first Commission in 1863, a member of the Board of Education, a governor of Christ College, and a fellow of Canterbury College, Christchurch, and Chancellor of the New Zealand University from 1871 to 1884. He died on April 27th, 1884. Mr. Tancred married, on July 3rd, 1857, Georgiana, daughter of Lieut.-Colonel Mathew Richmond, C.P., of Nelson, N.Z. (q.v.).
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Tancred, Clement William

Find main topic
Layout 2
​Tancred, Clement William, fourth son of Sir Thomas Tancred, 7th Bart., by Jane, third daughter of Prideaux John Selby, of Twizell House, co. Northumberland, and nephew of Mr. H. J. Tancred (q.v.), was born on Sept. 16th, 1852, and married on July 16th, 1878, Alice Maud, third daughter of Oswald Bloxsome, of The Rangers, Sydney, N.S.W. He died on Oct. 4th, 1888.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Mann, John

Layout 2
​Mann, John, J. P., son of the late Charles Mann (q.v.), and brother of the late Hon. Chas. Mann, Q.C. (q.v.) entered the South Australian Government service in April 1862, and has been Secretary for Public Works since May 1875.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Manning, Hon. Charles James

Layout 2
​Manning, Hon. Charles James, B.A., Puisne Judge, New South Wales, is the second son of J. Edye Manning, formerly of Sydney, N.S.W., and is the nephew of Sir William Manning (q.v.). He was born in 1841, and educated at Winchester and at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, where he graduated B.A. in 1864. He entered as a student at Lincoln's Inn in Nov. 1862, and was called to the bar in Nov. 1865. In the following year he was admitted to the New South Wales bar, and practised his profession in Sydney. Having several times acted as a judge of the Supreme Court on special commissions prior to 1889, he was in that year appointed a Puisne Judge of the Supreme Court of New South Wales, and Judge in Bankruptcy and Assistant Equity Judge, and in Jan. 1891 Probate Judge on the passing of the Probate Act. Mr. Justice Manning married, first, Clara Isabella, daughter of the late J. C. Apthorpe, J.P. and D.L., of Dennington Hall, Yorkshire; and second, Emily, daughter of J. Camden Goodridge, J.P. of Hunter's Hill, N.S.W.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Mantell, Hon. Walter Baldock Durant

Layout 2
​Mantell, Hon. Walter Baldock Durant, M.L.C., son of Gideon Algernon Mantell, LL.D., F.R.S., the eminent geologist, author of "Medals of Creation," "Atlas of Fossil Remains," and Mary Ann (Woodhouse) his wife, was born on March 11th, 1820. Having emigrated to Wellington, N.Z., in 1840, he was appointed in 1848 a Commissioner for Extinguishing Native Titles in the Middle Island of New Zealand; and, by promises of various small concessions, succeeded in buying out the claims of the Maoris to 30,000,000 acres of land for about £5000 in cash. Greatly to his disgust, however, the promises he had made on behalf of the Government were not subsequently fulfilled; and being in London in 1856, when some of the principal of them were being broken, he appealed to Mr. Labouchere, then Secretary for the Colonies, to interfere in the matter. Mr. Labouchere declined to give him an interview; and finding his written ​remonstrances unavailing, Mr. Mantell resigned his official posts, being out of harmony with the native policy of both the Imperial and Colonial Governments. Mr. Mantell was Minister for Native Affairs in the Fox Ministry from July to Dec. 1861; and Postmaster-General and Secretary for Crown Lands under Mr. Domett, in August 1862. He was again Minister for Native Affairs in the Weld Administration from Dec. 1864 to July 1865; and also, concurrently, Native Secretary from April to July 1865. Mr. Mantell was for some time a member of the House of Representatives, and in 1866 was nominated to the Legislative Council. Some of the most important ameliorative measures passed in the interest of the Maoris were due to his initiative, and in his place in Parliament he never failed to protest against measures regarding them which savoured of injustice. He married first, on July 29th, 1863, Mary Sarah, daughter of Edward Prince; and secondly, on Jan. 10th, 1876, Jane, daughter of Benjamin Hardwick, of Beckenham, England. Mr. Mantell was the first scientific explorer of the moa beds of Waikouaiti and Waingongoro, and he succeeded in forming some magnificent collections of fossil remains, which were forwarded to England and ultimately deposited in the British Museum.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Maniapoto, Rewi

Layout 2
​Maniapoto, Rewi, latterly known as Manga, a chief of the Ngatimaniapoto tribe, acquired a high reputation as a fighting general during the Waikato campaign in 1863. He was nominally the Maori leader during the attack upon and investment of the Orakau Pa by the British forces under Sir Duncan Cameron, but the gallant escape of the beleaguered garrison was planned and carried into execution by the young chief Hitiri Paerata. Rewi was, however, a prominent figure during the whole of the troublous times, and his influence with a large section of the insurgent tribes was paramount. At the conclusion of the war the Government marked their sense of this chief's adherence to the rules of civilised warfare by giving him a section of land in the Kihikihi township and building upon it, at the public cost, a comfortable residence. Most of the lands of his tribe were included within the confiscated boundary, but some provision was made for them by the powerful Waikato tribe.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Mann, Hon. Charles

Layout 2
​Mann, Hon. Charles, Q.C., was the eldest son of the late Charles Mann (q.v.) and was born in Adelaide on April 8th, 1838. He was educated at St. Peter's College in that city, and having been articled to the firm of Messrs. Bagot & Labatt, was admitted as a legal practitioner in 1860. Mr. Mann, who was made Q.C. in 1875, entered the Assembly as member for the Burra in 1870. He was no less than five times Attorney-General—viz., in the last Hart Government, from July to Nov. 1871; in the Blyth Ministry which immediately followed it, from Nov. 1871 to Jan. 1872; in the third Blyth Ministry, from July 1873 to June 1875; in the second and third Boucaut Governments, from March to June 1876 and Oct. 1877 to Sept. 1878. Mr. Mann was Treasurer in the Morgan Administration, from Sept. 1878 to March 1881, when he was appointed Crown Solicitor and Public Prosecutor, both of which positions he filled till his death on July 7th, 1889.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Manning, Frederic Norton

Layout 2
​Manning, Frederic Norton, M.D., was born at Rothersthorp, Northamptonshire, in 1839, and studied at St. George's Hospital, London, for the medical profession, becoming an M.R.C.S. England and L.S.A London, in 1860, and M.D. of St. Andrews University in 1862. He became a surgeon in the Royal Navy, and saw considerable service with the Naval Brigade, first arriving in Australia in 1864. In 1867 he became Medical Superintendent of the Hospital for the Insane at Gladesville, N.S.W., and in the next year visited and reported upon the lunatic asylums of Europe and America for the New South Wales Government, furnishing a very valuable report, which obtained a high repute in England. In 1879 he became Inspector-General of the Insane in New South Wales—a position which he still holds. The first asylum for idiots in Australia was established on the suggestion of Dr. Manning, and organised under his superintendence at Newcastle. Dr. Manning, who revisited England in 1888, is President of the Board of Health of New South Wales, and Medical Adviser to the Government and Immigration Officer, and is Health Officer at Port Jackson and a member of the Board of Pharmacy.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Manning, Hon. Sir William Montagu

Layout 2
​Manning, Hon. Sir William Montagu, M.L.C., LL.D., second son of John Edye Manning, of Clifton, Bristol, was born in June 1811 at Alphington, near Exeter, and educated at private schools and at ​University College, London. He entered at Lincoln's Inn in Nov. 1827, and was called to the bar in Nov. 1832. He practised on the Western Circuit until 1837, when he went out to Australia. He was appointed Chairman of Quarter Sessions in Sydney in Oct. 1837, Solicitor-General of New South Wales in Oct. 1844, and undertook the duties of Acting Judge of the Supreme Court, in the absence of Justice Therry, from Jan. 1848 to Nov. 1849, when he returned to the Solicitor-Generalship, and held that post till the inauguration of responsible government in 1856. Sir William, who was appointed a nominee member of the mixed Legislative Council in 1851, was returned to the first Legislative Assembly for South Cumberland in 1856, and in April of that year was sworn of the Executive Council, taking office as Attorney-General in June following in the Donaldson Ministry, the first formed under responsible government in New South Wales. The Cowper Ministry came in in August for two months, and in October Mr. Manning resumed office as Attorney-General in the Parkes Ministry, but retired through ill-health in May 1857, when he was presented with his portrait (by Sir Watson Gordon, R.A.), a piece of plate, and a purse of £1000. In March 1858 he visited England, and was knighted. Returning to the colony in 1859, he again became Attorney-General in February of the next year in the Forster Ministry, but retired with his colleagues a fortnight later. He was called to the Legislative Council in 1861. In Oct. 1868 Sir William, who had become Q.C., was reappointed Attorney-General in the Robertson Ministry without a seat in the Cabinet, and retained the position under Mr. (afterwards Sir) Charles Cowper till Dec 1870, when he resigned with the rest of the Government In 1876 Sir William Manning was made a Judge of the Supreme Court of New South Wales, and quitted the Legislative Council. In 1887 Sir William retired from the bench, where he acted as Equity Judge, and was again called to the Legislative Council. In 1861 he became a Fellow of Sydney University, and was elected Chancellor in 1878. He has been President of the New South Wales Rifle Association since its initiation in 1860. Sir William, prior to emigrating to Australia, published "Notes of Proceedings in Electoral Revision Courts" (1832), and was joint author of Neville and Manning's "Reports in Court of King's Bench" (6 vols., 1832). Sir William married, in 1836, Emily Anne, eldest daughter of Edward Wise, of Hill Grove, Isle of Wight; and, secondly, in 1849, Eliza Anne, daughter of the Very Rev. William Sowerby, Dean of Goulburn, N.S.W.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Mann, Charles

Australian Dictionary of Biography gives birthdate of 8 July 1799
Layout 2
​Mann, Charles, was born in 1800. Having embraced the legal profession, he was appointed in 1836 Advocate-General of South Australia, and arrived at Adelaide in January of the following year by the Coramandel. Differences with the Governor, Captain Hindmarsh, caused him to resign in Nov. 1837. He was appointed Master of the Supreme Court of South Australia in 1844, Acting Judge in Feb. 1849, Crown Solicitor in Jan. 1850, Police Magistrate and Supreme Court Insolvency Commissioner in April 1856, and Commissioner of the Court of Insolvency and Stipendiary Magistrate in August 1858, which last office he held till his death, on May 24th, 1860.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Maning, Frederick Edward

Layout 2
​Maning, Frederick Edward, late Native Lands Court Judge, New Zealand, was the eldest son of Frederick Maning, of Johnville, co. Dublin, Ireland, at which place he was born on July 5th, 1812. His father, attracted by the free grants of land to settlers in Van Diemen's Land, emigrated with his family to that colony, arriving at Hobart in the ship Ardent on May 24th, 1824. His son, being of an adventurous spirit, went to New Zealand in 1833, when twenty-one years of age. New Zealand was not then a British colony, but Mr. Maning acquired land from the Ngapuhi tribe at Hokianga, and took up his residence among the Maoris at Onaki, and rapidly acquired a thorough acquaintance with the laws and customs of the Maoris. This led to his being appointed a judge in the Native Lands Court, in which capacity he served for many years. He had lived among the Maoris, and looked upon himself as a "Pakeha Maori," by which name he was generally known. He published an interesting book embodying his experiences among the natives, called "Old New Zealand, by a Pakeha Maori." This is regarded as the most admirable picture of life in New Zealand in the olden time ever issued; it was republished in London in 1876, with a preface by the Earl of Pembroke. Mr. Maning died in London on July 25th, 1883. His only other published work was a small book entitled "The War in the North," which gave an account of the first Maori insurrection under Honi Heki and its suppression by the Imperial forces. The story is told from the Maori point of view. It is appended to Lord Pembroke's edition of "Old New Zealand." Judge Maning married a Maori wife. He rendered considerable services to the English in the Honi Heki war in 1845, and later in the war of ​1861, which he was able to do from his great influence with the Ngapuhi tribe, the most powerful and advanced tribe in New Zealand, amongst whom he was naturalised.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Mansfield, Rev. Ralph

Layout 2
​Mansfield, Rev. Ralph, was born at Toxteth Park, Liverpool, on March 12th, 1799, and was ordained a minister of the Wesleyan Church in 1820, arriving in Sydney, N.S.W., in Oct. of the latter year. He was stationed in Sydney for two years and in Parramatta and Windsor during 1823, when he was sent to Van Diemen's Land, where he remained at Hobart Town till 1825, when he returned to Sydney and discharged ministerial functions till 1828. He was editor of the Sydney Gazette, the first newspaper published in New South Wales, from 1829 to 1832, and was leader-writer for another Sydney newspaper, the Colonist, for several years. From 1841 he contributed to the Sydney Morning Herald. In 1836 he presided at a public meeting held in Sydney to promote the lighting of the city with gas. A gas-light company was formed, of which Mr. Mansfield was secretary from June 29th, 1836, till his death in June 1880.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1906)/Muntjac

See also the 1906 Encyclopedia Americana disclaimer.
Munt'jac, a small East Indian deer representig the genus Cervulus, which resembles the musk-deer in many points, especialIy in having long sharp upper canine teeth, or tusks, which are effective weapons These little deer, only 20 to 22 inches in height, inhabit hilly jungles, and have lyrate, single-pronged antlers, mounted upon remarkably tall pedicels. Several species are known, of which the most familiar is the Kakar or barking-deer (C. muntjac) of Indian sportsmen, whose loud resonant cries may be heard at a surprising distance, and which is a favorite not only because it exercises skill in its pursuit, but gives excellent venison. Consult Kinloeb, 'Large Game Shooting' (1885).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1906)/Münchausen, Hieronymus Karl Friedrich

See also the 1906 Encyclopedia Americana disclaimer.
Münchausen, münH'how-zĕn, Hieronymus Karl Friedrich, Baron: b. Bodenwerder, Hanover, 1720; d. there 1797. He was a German soldier and served in his youth as a cavalry officer in the Russian army. He was possessed of an adventurous and dare-devil spirit, and an imagination that knew no bounds. He told the most wonderful stories of his adventures in the Turkish campaign of 1737-9, and soon became famous as the most unique exaggerator that ever lived. The tradition of the baron's story-telling is supported by the evidence of a clergyman, who says that in his old days the officer used to relate his most surprising adventures "in a cavalier manner, with a military emphasis, but without any passion and with the easy humor of a man of the world, as things which required no explanation or proof." His tales are thought to have been first compiled by Rudolf Erich Raspe, a man of letters, who, being compelled to flee from his position as curator of the museum at Cassel to England on account of a charge of embezzlement, was engaged in London in literary pursuits, and is generally believed to have published anonymously an English edition of the stories under the title of 'Baron Münchausen's Narrative of his Marvelous Travels and Campaigns in Russia' (1785). A second edition, enlarged and ornamented, was published at Oxford in 1786, under the title of 'The Singular Travels, Campaigns, Voyages, and Sporting Adventures of Baron Munnikhousen,' commonly pronounced Munchausen; as he relates them over a bottle when surrounded by his friends. A third edition, published by Kearsley in London the same year, bore the title of 'Gulliver Revived.' One of the best editions is that by Shore (1872), illustrated by Doré, with additions by Theodore Gautier.
It is said that a large proportion of the hunting tales are derived from Henry Bebel's 'Facetiæ' (1508), while other incidents are borrowed from Castiglione's 'Cortegiano' and Bildermann's 'Utopia,' which are included in Lange's 'Deliciæ Academicæ> (1765).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1906)/München Gladbach

See also the 1906 Encyclopedia Americana disclaimer.
München (mün'Hĕn) Gladbach. A town in the Prussian Rhine Province. Pop. (1904) 63,000.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1906)/Mush

See also the 1906 Encyclopedia Americana disclaimer.
Mush, moosh, Asiatic Turkey, the chief town of the Mush sanjak, vilayet of Bitlis, 79 miles south of Erzerum, near the Kara-su, the eastern affluent of the Euphrates. It is built on a plateau 4,800 feet above sea-level, rising on the south side of a mountain-girt and fertile plain. It is a dirty town, peopled by Turks and Armenian Christians. It has Gregorian and Roman Catholic bishops and an American Protestant mission and schools. A thriving trade is carried on in the tobacco, grape vine, wheat, and other agricultural products of the adjacent plain. Mush is mentioned by Xenophon and Moses of Khorene, and came into prominence in 1894, owing to the massacre of Armenians at Sasun in the neighborhood. Pop. about 20,000.