OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lamphire, John

1904 Errata appended.
​LAMPHIRE, JOHN, M.D. (1614–1688), principal of Hart Hall, Oxford, son of George Lamphire, apothecary, was born in 1614 in Winchester, and was admitted scholar of Winchester College in 1627 (Kirby, Winchester Scholars, p. 172). He matriculated from New College, Oxford, on 19 Aug. 1634, aged 20; was elected fellow there in 1636; proceeded B.A. in 1638, and M.A. in 1641–2. He is apparently the John Lanfire who was appointed prebendary of Bath and Wells in 1641. In 1648 he was ejected from his fellowship by the parliamentary visitors, but during the Commonwealth practised physic with some success at Oxford. Wood in his 'Autobiography' says he belonged to a set of royalists 'who esteemed themselves virtuosi or wits,' and was sometimes the 'natural droll of the company.' He was Wood's physician, and tried to cure his deafness. Lamphire was restored to his fellowship in 1660, and on 16 Aug. was elected Camden professor of history. On 30 October 1660 he was created M.D. On 8 Sept. 1662 he succeeded Dr. Rogers (deprived) as principal of New Inn Hall, and on 30 May 1668 was translated to the headship of Hart Hall. According to Wood he was 'a public-spirited man, but not fit to govern; layd out much on the Principal's lodgings, buildings done there' (Life and Times, Oxf. Hist. Soc, i. 475). He was also a justice of the peace for the city and county of Oxford, and seems to have taken some part in civic affairs, particularly in the paving of St. Clement's and the draining of the town moat. He died on 30 March 1688, aged 76, and was buried on 2 April in the chapel of Hart Hall (Hertford College), near the west door. Walker calls him 'a good, generous, and fatherly man, of a public spirit, and free from the modish hypocrisy of the age he lived in.'
Lamphire had a good collection of books and manuscripts, but some of them were burnt in April 1650 by a fire in his house. He owned thirty-eight manuscripts of the works of Thomas Lydiat [q. v.], which he had bound in twenty-two volumes, and he published one of them, 'Canones Chronologici' (Oxford, 1675), He also published two works by Dr. Hugh Lloyd [q. v,], the grammarian, in one vol., entitled 'Phrases Elegantiores et Dictata,' Oxford, 1654 ( ​Bodleian). To the second edition (1661) of his friend John Masters's 'Monarchia Britannica,' an oration given in New College Chapel on 6 April 1642 (1st edit. 1661), Lamphire added an oration by Henry Savile [q. v.] He is also said to have published 'Quæstiones in Logica, Ethica, et Metaphysica' (Oxford, 1680) by Robert Pink or Pinck, and he edited Henry Wotton's 'Plausus et Vota ad Regem de Scotia reducem in Monarchia' (Oxford, 1681). He was an executor to Jasper Mayne [q. v.], and with South put a stone over his grave in Christ Church Cathedral.
E. T. B.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.177 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 30 | ii | 19 | Lamphire, John: omit Bath and |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lampson, Curtis Miranda

​LAMPSON, Sir CURTIS MIRANDA (1806–1885), advocate of the Atlantic cable, fourth son of William Lampson of Newhaven, Vermont, by Rachel, daughter of George Powell of Louisborough, Massachusetts, was born in Vermont on 21 Sept. 1806. He came to England in 1830, and set up in business as a merchant, and was afterwards senior partner in the firm of C.M. Lampson & Co. at 9 Queen Street Place, Upper Thames Street, London. On 14 May 1849 he was naturalised and became a British subject On the formation of the company for laying the Atlantic telegraph in 1856 he was appointed one of the directors, and soon after vice-chairman. For ten years he devoted much time to its organisation. The great aid he rendered was acknowledged in a letter from Lord Derby to Sir Stafford Northcote who presided at a banquet given at Liverpool on 1 Oct. 1866, in honour of those who had been active in laying the cable, and on 16 Nov. Lampson was created a baronet of the United Kingdom. He was deputy-governor of the Hudson Bay Company, and one of the trustees of the fund that was given by his friend George Peabody for the benefit of the poor of London.
He died at 80 Eaton Square, London, on 12 March 1885; the value of his personality in England was sworn at 401,000l. He married on 30 Nov. 1827, in New York, Jane ​Walter, youngest daughter of Gibbs Sibley of Sutton, Massachusetts. His only daughter, Hannah Jane, married, in 1874, Frederick Locker, poet and Shakespearean collector, who assumed the additional name of Lampson. His son, George Curtis, born in London on 13 June 1833, succeeded to the baronetcy.
[Illustrated London News, 1865, xlix. 545, 556 with portrait. Appleton's American Biog. 1857.iii. 602; Foster's Baronetage, 1885. p. 375; Times, 13 March 1865, p. 10.]
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lancaster, Dukes of

​LANCASTER, Dukes of. [See Henry of Lancaster, 1299–1361; John of Gaunt, 1340–1399.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lancaster, Earls of

​LANCASTER, Earls of [See Henry, 1281?–1345; Thomas, 1278?–1322]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Johnson, Harry John

Henry John Johnson in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
​JOHNSON, HARRY JOHN (1826–1884), water-colour painter, was born at Birmingham 10 April 1826. As a boy he went with Sir Charles Fellowes [q. v.] to Lycia in 1840. After some lessons from Samuel Lines [q. v.], he settled in 1843 in London, began water-colour painting, and was one of the original students at the Clipstone Street academy. He also studied under William James Müller [q. v.] He was a friend of his fellow-townsman, David Cox the elder [q. v.], and accompanied him on his first visit to Bettws-y-Coed and on other sketching expeditions in North Wales; he does not appear, however, to have been Cox's pupil. Johnson was elected an associate of the Institute of Painters in Water-colours in 1868, and a full member in 1870. He was a frequent exhibitor at the Royal Academy, where his pictures were much admired; his sketches, however, have more merit than his completed works. He was popular among his brother artists, but suffered for many years from increasing deafness. He died 31 Dec. 1884, leaving a wife and one daughter. There are fair examples of Johnson's art in the South Kensington Museum and in the print room at the British Museum. A good example of his work, ‘A Stone Cross on Dartmoor,’ was at the Manchester Exhibition in 1887. Some of his drawings have been engraved.
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Johnson, Henry (1698?-1760)

​JOHNSON, HENRY (1698?–1760), traveller, born about 1698, was eldest son of William Johnson (d. 1718), captain-general of the Royal African Company at Cape Coast Castle, by Agneta, his wife (Lysons, Environs, iii. 465; will of W. Johnson, P. C. C. 218, Tenison). In early life he resided in various parts of South America in the service of the South Sea Company, and returned to England with a large fortune. On 31 Aug. 1720 he was elected F.S.A., and in 1730 communicated to the society a wonderful account of the body of a pigmy found in Peru, with 400,000 dollars ([Gough] Chronological List of Soc. Antiq., 1798). In 1724 he published ‘Romulus,’ a tragedy, translated from the French of La Motte. He ultimately fixed his residence at Berkhampstead St. Peter, Hertfordshire, where he amused himself during the winter months by translating from the Spanish Feyjoo's ‘Discourses,’ of which a selection appeared in the ‘Lady's Magazine’ in 1760. From the same language he translated ‘A … Relation of the … Earthquake which happen'd at Lima … and the Port of Callao on the 28th of October 1746. … Published at Lima by command of the Viceroy,’ 2nd edit. 8vo, London, 1748; to the description of Peru, which made up the remainder of the volume, he contributed drawings made by himself on the spot (Duncombe, Letters, 2nd edit., iii. 37–54). Johnson died at Berkhampstead St. Peter on 12 May 1760, aged 61, and was buried in the church (Clutterbuck, Hertfordshire, i. 305). By his wife Lætitia (d. 1784), daughter of John Dowling of St. Andrew, Holborn, he had three daughters: Lætitia, the second wife of Sir William Beauchamp Proctor, bart.; Agneta, the second wife of Charles Yorke (1712–1770), the lord chancellor; and Henrietta (ib. i. 159, 212; will in P. C. C. 430, Lynch).
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Johnson, George Henry Sacheverell

1904 Errata appended.
​JOHNSON, GEORGE HENRY SACHEVERELL (1808–1881), dean of Wells, third son of the Rev. Henry Johnson, was born at Keswick, Cumberland, in 1808. He matriculated from Queen's College, Oxford, on 13 May 1825, aged 17, and was elected Ireland scholar of the university in 1827, and became mathematical scholar in 1831, graduating B.A. in 1829, and M.A. in 1833. He was fellow of his college from 1829 to 1855, Greek lecturer, chaplain, and tutor 1842, bursar 1844, and dean 1848. While tutor he had among his pupils Tait, afterwards archbishop of Canterbury; Thomson, afterwards archbishop of York; Stanley, afterwards dean of Westminster; and the first Earl of Selborne. In 1834 he served as mathematical examiner at Oxford, and again in 1835, 1850, 1851, and 1852. He was Savilian professor of Astronomy from 1839 to 1842, Whyte professor of moral philosophy from 1842 to 1845, and one of the Whitehall preachers from 1852 to 1854. On 18 Jan. 1838 he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society. He served on the royal commission of 1850 which inquired into the constitution and revenues of the university of Oxford, and on that appointed in 1854 to revise the statutes of the university and of the colleges and halls. On 27 March 1854 he was appointed dean of Wells, and in the following year became also vicar of St. Cuthbert's, Wells. His death took place at Weston-super-Mare on 4 Nov. 1881, and he was buried in the Palm churchyard, Wells Cathedral, on 10 Nov. He married, at Romsey, on 20 April 1854, Lucy, youngest daughter of Rear-admiral Robert O'Brien. He edited the Psalms for the ‘Speaker's Commentary,’ 1880, and published ‘Sermons preached in Wells Cathedral,’ 1857.
G. C. B.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.169 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 12 | i | 7 f.e. | Johnson, George H. S.: for Earl Selborne read Earl of Selborne |
| | ii | 9 | for Wells read St. Cuthbert's, Wells |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Johnson, Humphry

Humphrey Johnson in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
​JOHNSON, HUMPHRY (fl. 1713), calligrapher and mathematician, lived in Old Bedlam Court, Bishopsgate, London, where he taught writing and arithmetic; and afterwards removed to Hornsey, where he kept a boarding-school till his death. In his book on arithmetic he says that he ‘received his apprenticeship with that celebrated penman, Mr. George Shelley, now writing-master in Christ's Church Hospital.’ A well-engraved portrait of Johnson, in a wig, is prefixed to his ‘Arithmetic.’
Johnson's ‘New Treatise of Practical Arithmetic’ was published in London, 1710, and a second edition in 1719. It is a practical work, suitable for commercial purposes, with good definitions, and the rules clearly put. His ‘Youth's Recreation,’ London, 1711, consists of fifteen pages of engraved copper-plate examples of penmanship. A second edition appeared in 1713.
R. E. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Johnson, Francis (1796?-1876)

​JOHNSON, FRANCIS (1796?–1876), orientalist, spent much time in early manhood in Italy, where he applied himself to the study of oriental languages, and learned Arabic from an Arab. In March 1818 he left Rome in company with Charles (afterwards Sir Charles) Barry, Charles (afterwards Sir Charles) Lock Eastlake, and Kinnaird, an architect, for Athens. After studying antiquities there till June, Johnson and Barry travelled overland to Constantinople, but they parted in August, Johnson returning to Italy, while Barry pursued his travels in Egypt (Lady Eastlake, Memoir of C. L. Eastlake, p. 72; Barry, Sir Charles Barry, pp. 25 sq.). In 1824 Johnson was appointed to the chair of Sanskrit, Bengali, and Telugu in the East India Company's college at Haileybury. He resigned his chair in 1855, was married in 1857, and died at Hertford on 29 Jan. 1876.
The great work of Johnson's life was his ‘Persian Dictionary.’ On its first publication in 1829 it was described as the third edition of Richardson's dictionary. It contained, however, much original matter, especially in respect of the Arabic element in Persian. In 1852 Johnson published a revised and much extended edition under his own name alone. This work is by far the most important contribution to Persian lexicography in any European language. Compound words are treated with especial completeness. Johnson also edited the ‘Gulistān’ of Sa‘di (1863), while in Sanskrit he re-edited, with the addition of a vocabulary and a collation of new manuscripts, H. H. Wilson's text and translation of the ‘Meghadūta’ (1867). His well-known selections from the ‘Mahābhārata’ (1842) and his ‘Hitopadeśa,’ London, 1840, 4to (subsequent editions 1847, 1848, and 1864), have long proved very useful to English beginners in the study of Sanskrit.
[Hertfordshire Mercury, 12 Feb. 1876; Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, new ser. vol. ix., Report for 1876; Johnson's Works.
C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Johnson, Guy

​JOHNSON, GUY (1740?–1788), American loyalist and militia colonel, a nephew of Sir William Johnson [q. v.], was born in Ireland about 1740. He served with the American provincial troops against the French in 1757, and commanded a company of rangers under Jeffrey Amherst [q. v.] in 1759–60. He became one of Sir William Johnson's assistants in the Indian department, and on Sir William's death in 1774 was provisionally appointed his successor by General Gage, at the express desire of the Indians. He was confirmed as superintendent of the Indian department by the home government.
Johnson lived in great affluence at Guy Hall, Tryon county, New York, where his intemperate loyalty is said to have precipitated the revolutionary troubles. He returned to Staten Island, after a visit to England, in August 1776. His estates were confiscated by the Americans, but through the war he continued to act as superintendent of the Indian department. In 1778–9 he appears to have been in New York, awaiting passage to Quebec. In a letter to a correspondent in England he refers to the terror caused by the Indian raids on the frontier as calculated to divert the rebel forces from the seat of war (Add. MS. 34323, f. 20). In another he speaks of having been manager of a theatre in New York (the old theatre in John Street) during the winter of 1778, and of having acted in one of Colman's plays, whereby he cleared five hundred dollars for the benefit of the soldiers' widows and orphans (ib. f. 26). Afterwards he appears to have reached Quebec, and he was associated with the operations of Joseph Brant and the Mohawks against the Americans under General Sullivan. In 1783 he was replaced by his brother-in-law, Sir John Johnson, bart., who was made inspector-general of the Indians. Guy Johnson thereupon came to London to urge his claims against the government. He died, it is said in poverty, in the Haymarket, London, on 5 March 1788. The accounts of the Indian department for part of Johnson's tenure of office in 1777–83 are now in the British Museum, forming Add. MSS. 20769– ​–20770. His correspondence with General Frederick Haldimand [q. v.] is among the Haldimand MSS., and a register thereof forms Add. MS. 21766. Some private letters dated in 1774–9 are in Add. MS. 24323, ff. 11, 14, 20, 22, 26.
Johnson married in 1763 his cousin Mary, daughter of Sir William Johnson.
H. M. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Johnson, Henry (1748-1835)

​JOHNSON, Sir HENRY (1748–1835), general, born on 1 Jan. 1748, was second son of Allen Johnson of Kilternan, co. Dublin, and his wife Olivia, daughter of John Walsh of Ballykilcavan, Queen's County. His elder brother, John Allen Johnson-Walsh, was created a baronet in 1809. He was appointed ensign on 19 Feb. 1761 in the 28th foot, in which he became lieutenant in 1762, and captain in 1763, and is stated to have served with the regiment (probably in the West Indies) during that time. He became major in the 28th in 1775, went to America, and was posted by Sir William Howe to one of the provisional battalions of light infantry, which he commanded in the campaigns of 1776–8. He was appointed lieutenant-colonel 17th foot on 8 Oct. 1778, and commanded that regiment in the operations in the Jerseys, and afterwards in Virginia and Carolina, under Lord Cornwallis. On the surrender at York Town in October 1781, he returned ​home and remained unemployed until the peace. He subsequently commanded the 17th foot in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. At the commencement of the war with France he was appointed inspector-general of recruiting for the English establishment in Ireland, and held the post until 1798. During the rebellion in that year he was detached with three thousand men to occupy New Ross, and defeated the rebels when they attacked the place on 5 June 1798. It was the hardest fight during the rebellion (see Lecky, Hist. of England, vol. viii.) Lord Cornwallis had an indifferent opinion of Johnson, and wrote of him as ‘a wrong-headed blockhead’ (Cornwallis Corresp. iii. 116). Johnson was made colonel 81st foot in 1798, became a lieutenant-general in 1799, and governor of Ross Castle in 1801. He held a major-general's command in Ireland from 1798 to 1803, became a full general in 1809, was created a baronet on 1 Dec. 1818, and in 1819 was transferred to the colonelcy of the 5th foot. He died on 18 March 1835, at the age of eighty-seven, at Bath, where there is a masonic monument to him in the Abbey Church.
Johnson married in 1782 Rebecca, daughter of David Franks of Philadelphia, and sister of John Franks of Isleworth, Middlesex, by whom he had a family. She died in 1823. The eldest son, Henry Allen Johnson (1785–1860), who was student of Christ Church, Oxford, from 1804 to 1817, and afterwards aide-de-camp to the Prince of Orange, succeeded as second baronet.
H. M. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jelf, William Edward

​JELF, WILLIAM EDWARD (1811–1875), divine and classical scholar, born 3 April 1811, was fifth son of Sir James Jelf, knt., of Gloucester, and brother of Richard William Jelf [q. v.] He was educated at Eton; matriculated from Christ Church, Oxford, in July 1829; was elected a student in the same year; gained a first class in classics at the Easter examination, 1833, with an unusually brilliant list of competitors; graduated B.A. in 1833, M.A. in 1836, and B.D. in 1844, and was ordained in 1834. From 1836 to 1849 he was tutor of Christ Church, and for a time was senior censor. He was master of the schools, 1839; classical examiner, 1840, 1841, 1855, and 1856; proctor of the university, 1843; select preacher, 1855; and classical moderator, 1862, 1863. Although he discharged his duties conscientiously, faults of temper and manner rendered him as proctor and senior censor unpopular with undergraduates. In 1857 he delivered the Bampton lectures on ‘The Christian Faith comprehensive and definite,’ and he was one of the Whitehall preachers from 1846 to 1848. He left Oxford in 1849 to become vicar of Carleton, near Skipton, in Yorkshire (a college living). Here he remained till 1854, when he moved to Caerdeon, near Barmouth, in North Wales. He held no church preferment there, but officiated in a church built on his own property, which was eventually consecrated and endowed as a district church in 1875. He devoted much of his time to controversial attacks on ritualism, confession, and the mariolatry of the Roman church. The last few months of his life he passed at Hastings, where he died 18 Oct. 1875. He married in 1849 Maria, youngest daughter of the Rev. John H. Petit, who still survives him, and had six children.
Jelf's most important literary work was his Greek grammar, first published in 1842–1845, 2 vols. 8vo, Oxford, with the title, ‘A ​Grammar of the Greek Language, chiefly from the German of Raphael Kühner.’ It was at once recognised as a substantial improvement on existing Greek grammars in the English language, and has passed through at least five editions. In the later editions Jelf's own part of the work became so extensive that he thought himself justified in omitting Kühner's name from the title-page. He also published a letter to the Rev. Frederick Temple (now bishop of London) on the ‘Essays and Reviews,’ which appeared in 1860, and left behind him the materials for a commentary on the first Epistle of St. John, which was published with the Greek text in 1877, under the editorship of W. Webster.
[Annual Register, 1875; Guardian, 27 Oct. and 3 Nov. 1875; Oxford Ten-Year Book; Foster's Alumni Oxon.; information furnished by the family; personal knowledge and recollections.]
W. A. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jellett, John Hewitt

​JELLETT, JOHN HEWITT (1817–1888), provost of Trinity College, Dublin, was born at Cashel in Tipperary on 25 Dec. 1817, and educated at Trinity College, Dublin, of which he became a fellow in 1840. He graduated B.A. 1838, M.A. 1843, B.D. 1866, and D.D. 1 March 1881. He had been admitted into priest's orders in 1846. In 1848 he was elected to the chair of natural philosophy, and in 1868 he received the appointment of commissioner of Irish national education. A year later the Royal Irish Academy elected him president. In 1870, on the death of Dr. Thomas Luby, he was co-opted by the senior fellows of Trinity College as a member of their board. Mr. Gladstone's government in February 1881 appointed Jellett provost of Trinity; in the same year he was awarded one of the royal medals of the Royal Society. After the disestablishment of the church of Ireland he took an active part in the deliberations of the general synod and in every work calculated to advance its interests. He was an able mathematician, and wrote ‘A Treatise of the Calculus of Variations’ in 1850, and ‘A Treatise on the Theory of Friction’ in 1872, and several papers on pure and applied mathematics, as well as articles in the ‘Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy,’ and some theological essays, sermons, and religious treatises, of which the principal were ‘An Examination of some of the Moral Difficulties of the Old Testament,’ 1867, and ‘The Efficacy of Prayer,’ 1878. He died at the provost's house, Trinity College, Dublin, on 19 Feb. 1888, and was buried in Mount Jerome cemetery on 23 Feb.
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jenison, Francis

​JENISON, FRANCIS, COUNT JENISON WALWORTH (1764–1824), diplomatist, son of Francis Jenison of Walworth, Heighington parish, co. Durham, was born at Walworth, where his ancestors had long resided [see under Jenison, Robert, the younger], on 8 Feb. 1764. The family withdrew to the continent in 1776, and settled at Heidelberg. Young Jenison became a page of honour and an officer of the guards of the elector palatine of Bavaria, and was afterwards a colonel in the service of Hesse-Darmstadt. At the beginning of the war in 1793 he was sent to the court of St. James as envoy from Hesse-Darmstadt, and arranged for the employment of Hessian troops in British pay. After the marriage of the princess royal of England (Charlotte Augusta, queen of Würtemberg, 1766–1828 [q. v.]) with Prince Frederick, afterwards king of Würtemberg, in 1797, Jenison was made high chamberlain of the household at Stuttgart, a post he held until the death of the king in 1816. He was at one time Bavarian minister at Naples. He died at Heidelberg in 1824. Jenison's second wife was Mary, eldest daughter of Topham Beauclerk [q. v.], the friend of Johnson, by whom he left a family. He also had a son by his first marriage.
[Surtees's Durham, iii. 320–1 for genealogy of Jenison; Gent. Mag. vol. xciv. pt. i. p. 637, under ‘Walworth.’]
H. M. C.