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# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Vicariate Apostolic of the Gilbert Islands

From volume 6 of the work.
Vicariate apostolic; comprises the group of that name, besides the islands of Ellice and Panapa. The most important members of the group, which consists of sixteen low atolls, are Tapiteuca, Arorai, Apemama, Maiana, Marakei, and Nonouti, which cluster near the Equator, and constitute the most easterly link in the chain of islands which make up Micronesia. The natives are of Malay in type, and until the advent of the white man were given over to savagery and, in some instances, cannabalism. Nominally under the protection of Great Britain, the islands are practically self-governed, and a sort of republicanism prevails. The principal industry is the preparation and exportation of copra, which is very plentiful, although there is some little traffic in shark fins.
Upon the partition of the Vicariate of Micronesia, the Gilbert Islands were erected into an independent vicariate by a decree of the Sacred Congregation of Propaganda, dated 17 July, 1897, and the present vicar Apostolic, Mgr. Joseph Leray, titular bishop of Remesiana, was placed at its head, and, with several missionary priests from the Congregation of the Sacred Heart, he entered upon the evangelization of the islands. The population of the vicariate is estimated at between 30,000 and 40,000, of whom 14,000 are Catholics. There are 12 churches and 56 chapels under the care of 19 priests, 96 parochial schools, with an attendance of 1700 boys and 1500 girls, 2 schools for catechists with a combined attendance of 50, 12 orphanages which shelter 400 orphans, 11 houses of the Congregation of the Sacred Heart, with 35 religious, and 8 houses of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart with 20 nuns.
Miss. Cath. (Rome, 1907); HERDER, Konversations Lex; Ann. Eccl. (1909); Statesman's Year Book (1909); SPITZ, Catholic Progress in the Gilbert Islands in The Tablet (London, April, 1904).
Stanley J. Quinn.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Vicariate Apostolic of Tarapacá (de Tarapacá)

From volume 14 of the work.
VICARIATE APOSTOLIC OF TARAPACA (DE TARAPACA).
Situated in Chile, bounded on the north by the canon of the Camarones and on the south by the Loa River. It comprises the civil province of the same name, has an area of 19,305 square miles, and a population of 106,215 Catholics and 3821 non-Catholics. The diocese is divided in 11 parishes, and has 63 churches and chapels, and 30 secular and 14 regular priests. The male religious orders are represented by the Franciscans, Redemptorists, and Salesians; they have 4 houses and 24 members. The female orders are Sisters of the Good Shepherd of Angers, of St. Joseph of Cluny, and the Selesian Sisters; they have 50 members and 5 houses. In Iquique the Salesian Fathers have a college for boys and the Salesian Sisters one for girls, the latter having more than 200 pupils. The sisters of St. Joseph of Cluny have a school in Pica, and a hospital and asylum for children in Iquique. The Sisters of the Good Shepherd have a house of correction for women in Iquique. There are many societies and pious associations in the diocese, the principal being that of Orden Social for men, the Centro Cristiano and the Society of St. Philomena for women in Iquique, and the Society of St. Andrew in Pica. There are 5 primary schools with 481 pupils. The State pays an annuity to the vicar Apostolic, and to the employees of the vicarage, the parish priests, and curates, and also contributes towards the construction of the churches. The vicariate was erected in 1882, when Chile took possession of the Province of Tarapacá, which had formerly belonged to Peru and to the Diocese of Arequipa. Five vicars apostolic have ruled the vicariate since its erection: Camilo Ortûzar; Plácido Labarca; Daniel Fuenzalida; Guillermo Juan Cárter, titular Bishop of Anthedon; and Martín Rücker. The principal cities are: Iquique (45,000 inhabitants) and Pisaque (5105 inhabitants). The population is composed mainly of miners and workers in the saltpetre beds, who are homeless and little given to the practice of their religion. To provide a remedy and alleviate this condition, missions are preached almost every year in the saltpetre works.
Catalogo de los Eclesiasticos, etc. de Chile (Santiago, 1911); Anuario Estadistico de Chile (Santiago, 1910); Censo de la Republica de Chile en 1907 (Santiago, 1908).
Carlos S. Cotapos.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Vicariate Apostolic of Unyanyembe

From volume 15 of the work.
Vicariate apostolic in German East Africa, separated from the Vicariate Apostolic of Nyanza by a Decree of Propaganda, 30 December, 1886. Its limits, as fixed on 10 December, 1895, were: on the N. the Vicariate Apostolic of Southern Nyanza; on the S. a line drawn from Lake Manjara (36°E.) along the mountain ridges to the N. W. of Ugago; on the S. the northern limits of Ujanzi, Ugunda, Ugetta, Uvenza, and Ujiji; on the W. Lake Tanganika and the eastern boundary of the Congo Free State to the village of Ruanda. This district was originally included in the Vicariate of Tanganika; in 1879 R.P. Ganachan of the White Fathers penetrated this hitherto unknown region and endeavoured to settle at Tabora, but was unsuccessful; two years later R.P. Guillet succeeded and opened an orphanage there, which was shortly afterwards transferred to Kipalapala one league distant; in 1844 R.P. Lourdel settled at Djiue-la-Singa, but the post was abandoned on 13 March, 1885. On 11 January, 1887, the mission of Unyanyembe was separated from Tanganika, with R.P. Girault as superior of the provicariate; on 23 August, 1887, Mgr Charbonnier was consecrated bishop in the Kipalapala orphanage chapel by Mgr Livinhac of Uganda; this was the first episcopal consecration in Equatorial Africa. The station at Kipalapala was destroyed in 1889 by the natives. Two years later it was restored, and another was opened at Uchirombo. Towards the close of 1897 five Sisters of Notre-Dame d'Afrique arrived at Uchirombo. In 1900 there were in this mission 20 priests, 6 nuns, 49 catechists, 1842 neophytes, 6000 catechumens, and 150 children in the schools. A German scientist, Dr. Kandt, a Protestant, was so impressed by the good work of the Catholic missionaries that he presented his estate at Tabora to the vicar Apostolic to found a school and hospital. The present and first vicar Apostolic, Mgr FranÁois Gerboin, of the White Fathers, born in 1847 and consecrated titular Bishop of Turbubto in 1897, resides at Ushirombo.
Mission statistics (1905): 33 priests; 7 lay brothers; 6 nuns; 72 catechists; 26 schools with 966 pupils; 11 hospitals; 5 leper houses; 17 orphanages with 325 children rescued from slavery; 3,000,000 infidels; 3678 Catholics; 2889 catechumens.
LE ROY in PIOLET, Les missions cath. franÁ. au XIX siËcle, V (Paris, 1902), 410-22
A. A. MacErlean.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Vicariate Apostolic of Trichur (Trichurensis)

From volume 15 of the work.
(TRICHURENSIS.)
Vicariate Apostolic in India, one of the three vicariates of the Syro-Malabar Rite, bounded on the north by the diocese of Mangalore, east by the diocese of Coimbature, south by the Vicariate of Ernaculam, and on the west by the Indian Ocean. According to the census of 1900 the Catholics of the, Syrian Rite in the vicariate numbered 91,998, having 63 churches and 23 chapels served by 66 native secular priests. There are also three monasteries of Tertiary Carmelite monks at Elthuruth, Ampalacad, and Paratti, containing about 20 professed and 11 lay brothers, besides a number of novices; also four convents for Carmelite nuns with 31 professed besides novices, postulants and lay sisters. There are in the vicariate 2 high schools, 2 lower secondary schools, and 184 elementary schools, the number of children under training being 19,093. A seminary at Trichur prepares candidates for Puthenpally or Kandy. The vicar Apostolic (John Menacherry, appointed 1896) resides at Trichur. For the ancient history of the Christians of the Syro-Malabar Rite see THOMAS CHRISTIANS. They remained under the jurisdiction partly of Cranganore, till 1887, when on the establishment of the hierarchy, the churches of the Syrian Rite were separated from those of the Latin Rite and placed under two vicars Apostolic with their centres at Trichur and Kottayam respectively. Later on, in 1896, a new division was made and three vicariates established, viz. of Trichur, Ernaculam, and Changanacherry. These three vicariates cover the same ground as the Archdiocese of Verapoly, the Archbishop of Verapoly exercising territorial jurisdiction over all Christians of the Latin Rite, while the vicars Apostolic hold personal and quasi-territorial jurisdiction over all of the Syrian Rite. The vicariates are nominally classed as belonging to the province of Verapoly, but without the usual ecclesiastical connection.
(See CHANGANACHERRY, VICARIATE APOSTOLIC OF; VERAPOLY, ARCHDIOCESE OF; DAMAO, DIOCESE OF; EASTERN CHURCHES; THOMAS CHRISTIANS.)
Madras Catholic Directory, 1910.
Ernest R. Hull.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/A la polacca

A la polacca. (I.) In the style of the Polish music. See POLACCA.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/A morisco

A morisco. (I.) In the style of a Moorish or morris dance.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/A plomb

A plomb. A term by which the French express an energetic precision, and certainty of performance. When a singer marks his time with exactitude, firmness, and emphasis, he is said to sing a plumb.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/A mezza aria

A mezza aria. (I.) An expression applied to the compass of an air, the notes of which have no great extension, either in height or depth ; that is, which lie towards the middle of the compass of that species of voice for which it was composed ; as a bass, tenor, or soprano. This phrase is also used to signify a style of composition between air and recitative ; a kind of aria parlante.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/A quatre mains

A quatre mains. (F.) For four lands.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/A la grec

A la grec. (I.) An appellation occasion-ally given to choruses performed at the end of each act of a modern drama, in the manner and style of those introduced in the ancient Greek tragedies.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/A major

A major is that key, in modern music, in which the sixth diatonic tone is assumed as the fundamental tone of the major key. To maintain the natural characteristics of the major, F, G, and C must be made sharp, F#, G#, C#. Ac-cording to "Schubart's Characteristics of Music," this key conveys the expression of innocence, love, content, and cheerfulness.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/A mezza di voce

A mezza di voce. (I.) An expression implying a soft tone, or gradual diminution of voice.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/A parte equale

A parte equale. (I.) When, in an Italian opera, two heroes or heroines are introduced on the stage at once, the singers are said to perform a parte equale. The same expression is applied to any musical performance in which the voices, or instruments, are all equally conducive to the effect.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/A piacere

A piacere. (I.) At pleasure; an expression the signification of which is similar to ad libitum.
# Corpus Christi Independent School District v. Cisneros/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
404 U.S. 1211
CORPUS CHRISTI INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DISTRICT et al. v. Jose Cisneros et al.
The district judge in this case ordered the Corpus Christi Independent School District to stop alleged historical practices of discrimination against school children on the basis of race or color, 324 F.Supp. 599. He directed how this was to be accomplished, D.C., 330 F.Supp. 1377, saying at the same time that he would grant no stays of his order. The school district asked the court to stay its order and a stay was granted by a different district judge who had been assigned to hear the application. The plaintiffs, parents of the students allegedly discriminated against, then asked the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit to vacate the stay. A panel of two Circuit Court judges did vacate the stay. The school district then applied to me as a single Justice to reinstate the stay issued by the District Court for the Southern District of Texas. The Solicitor General of the United States has joined in requesting me as a single Justice to reinstate that stay. If I reinstate the stay, the District Court's order will not go into effect until the Fifth Circuit or this Court has had an opportunity to pass on it. It is apparent that this case is in an undesirable state of confusion and presents questions not heretofore passed on by the full Court, but which should be. Under these circumstances, which present a very anamalous, new, and confusing situation, I decline as a single Justice to upset the District Court's stay and, therefore, I reinstate it without expressing any view as to the wisdom or upset the District Court's stay and, propriety of the Solicitor General's position. The stay will be reinstated pending action on the merits in the Fifth Circuit or action by the full Court.
Stay reinstated.
# Corralitos Company v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
178 U.S. 280
Corralitos Company v. United States
Argued: April 24, 1900. --- Decided: May 28, 1900
Statement by Mr. Justice Peckham:
The appellant herein filed its original petition in the court of claims, against the United States and the Apache Indians, on September 6, 1892. Subsequently, and by leave of court, an amended petition was filed March 2, 1894, from which it appears that the petitioner is a corporation chartered under the laws of the state of New York and doing business in the state of Chihuahua, county of Guleana, Republic of Mexico, and that property to the value of nearly $75,000, belonging to the petitioner, and situated at the time in the Republic of Mexico, was taken therefrom in 1881 and 1882, and stolen and carried off by the Apache Indians, then in amity with the United States, and brought from the Republic of Mexico into the United States. By virtue of the act of Congress, entitled 'An Act to Provide for the Adjudication and Payment of Claims Arising from Indian Depredations,' approved March 3, 1891, judgment for the value of the property thus taken by the Indians was demanded.
The United States filed a plea in bar, alleging that the claimant ought not to have and maintain its suit, 'because the depredation complained of is alleged to have occurred in the Republic of Mexico, beyond the jurisdiction of the United States an t he courts thereof; and that the court therefore had no jurisdiction to entertain this suit.'
The plaintiff demurred to the plea in bar as bad in substance.
The court of claims overruled the demurrer, sustained the plea in bar, and dismissed the petition. 33 Ct. Cl. 342. The petitioner appealed from that judgment to this court.
Mr. Justice Peckham, after stating the foregoing facts, delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Corpus Christi Carol

Corpus Christi Carol is a Middle English or Early Modern English hymn (or Carol), first found in a manuscript written around 1504 of an apprentice grocer named Richard Hill. The original writer of the carol remains anonymous. Notes by User:Dissolve or possibly Patrick O'Shea.

## Lyrics

Lulley, lully, lulley, lully, The faucon hath born my mak away.
He bare hym up, he bare hym down, He bare hym into an orchard brown.
In that orchard ther was an hall, That was hanged with purpill and pall.
And in that hall ther was a bede, Hit was hangid with gold so rede.
And yn that bed ther lythe a knyght, His wowndes bledyng day and nyght.
By that bedes side ther kneleth a may, And she wepeth both nyght and day. And by that bedes side ther stondith a ston, "Corpus Christi" wretyn theron.

## Glossary

faucon: falcon mak: mate, love bare: bore, carried purpill: purple (the royal color) pall: a funeral pall, a cloth spread over a coffin bede: bed rede: red lythe: lyeth, lies wowndes: wounds bledyng: bleeding kneleth: kneeleth, kneels may: maid, maiden wepeth: weepeth, weeps stondith: standith, stands ston: stone Corpus Christi: body of Christ (Latin) wretyn: written
# Corpus Christi Independent School District v. Cisneros

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
404 U.S. 1211
Corpus Christi School District et al. v. Cisneros et al.
On Application for Reinstatement of Stay
No. A-192
Stay of District Court's order to stop alleged school discrimination practices, vacated by Court of Appeals, is reinstated to permit action on the merits since case presents questioned that should be considered by the full Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Correct Composition

CORRECT COMPOSITION
page
THE PRACTICE OF TYPOGRAPHY
CORRECT COMPOSITION
A TREATISE ON SPELLING ABBREVIATIONS, THE COMPOUNDING AND DIVISION OF WORDS, THE PROPER USE OF FIGURES AND NUMERALS, ITALIC AND CAPITAL LETTERS, NOTES, ETC. WITH
OBSERVATIONS ON PUNCTUATION AND PROOF-READING
by
THEODORE LOW DE VINNE, A.M.
NEW YORK THE CENTURY CO. 1901
page
Copyright, 1901, by Theodore Low De Vinne
Published November, 1901
The De Vinne Press
page
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Corporation of the Catholic Bishop of Nesqually v. Gibbon

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
158 U.S. 155
Corporation of the Catholic Bishop of Nesqually v. Gibbon
In section 1 of the act of congress of August 14, 1848, establishing the territorial government of Oregon, is the following proviso: 'Provided, also, that the title to the land, not exceeding six hundred and forty acres, now occupied as missionary stations among the Indian tribes in said territory, together with the improvements thereon, be confirmed and established in the several religious societies to which said missionary stations respectively belong.' 9 Stat. 323. Oregon, as then organized, included all that region west of the Rocky Mountains, and north of the forty-second degree of north latitude, part of which became afterwards the territory, and later the state, of Washington.
In February, 1887, the appellant, as plaintiff, commenced a suit in the district court of the Second judicial district of Washington Territory against the defendants, John Gibbon, T. M. Anderson, and R. T. Yeatman. In the bill then filed the plaintiff alleged that, under and by virtue of the foregoing proviso, it was entitled to a tract of 640 acres at and adjacent to the present town of Vancouver, 430 acres of which were in the occupancy of the defendants, as officers and soldiers of the United States, who held the same as a military reservation; and the prayer was for an injunction, a decree of title, and a surrender of possession. Under the direction of the attorney general, the United States attorney for the territory of Washington entered the appearance of the United States, and filed an answer in behalf of all of the defendants. While the case was pending in the territorial courts, Washington was admitted as a state, and the case was thereupon transferred to the circuit court of the United States for the district of Washington. In that court, upon pleadings and proof, a decree was entered in favor of the defendants, dismissing the bill. 44 Fed. 321. From such decree the plaintiff appealed to this court.
A. H. Garland, Heber J. May, and R. C. Garland, for appellant.
Sol. Gen. Conrad, for appellees.
Mr. Justice BREWER, after stating the facts in the foregoing language, delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/West Point

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​WEST POINT, a United States military post in Orange co., N. Y.; on the Hudson river, and on the West Shore and the New York, Ontario and Western railroads; 52 miles N. of New York City. It is widely known as the seat of the United States Military Academy. Here are a cemetery where the remains of many distinguished army officers are interred, and the ruins of Fort Putnam. During the Revolutionary War, West Point was fortified to control the river, and a heavy chain was stretched across the river to Constitution Island to prevent British warships from ascending the river. In 1777 the place was captured and destroyed by the British, but new fortifications were built at a cost of $3,000,000. Benedict Arnold was given command of the place Aug. 5, 1780, but escaped on the 25th, after the apprehension of Maj. John André, and the discovery of their plot. There are several important monuments in West Point, including the statue of General Sedgwick, the monument of Kosciusko, that of Major Dade, etc. See United States Military Academy.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/West Tampa

* related portals: Florida.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​WEST TAMPA, a city of Florida, in Hillsboro co., adjoining Tampa. It is one of the most important cigar manufacturing centers of the United States. Pop. (1910) 8,258; (1920) 8,463.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Washington (Pennsylvania)

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​WASHINGTON, a borough and county-seat of Washington co., Pa.; on Chartiers creek, and on the Waynesboro and Washington, the Pennsylvania, the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis, and the Baltimore and Ohio railroads; 31 miles S. W. of Pittsburgh. It contains Washington and Jefferson College (q. v.), the Lemoyne Cremation plant, numerous churches, court house, public library, National and private banks, and several daily and weekly newspapers. It has carriage shops, broom factory, cigar factories, stove foundries, tanneries, woolen and flour mills, etc. Pop. (1910) 18,778; (1920) 21,480.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Washington and Jefferson College

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​WASHINGTON AND JEFFERSON COLLEGE, an educational institution in Washington, Pa.; founded in 1802, under the auspices of the Presbyterian Church; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 18; students, 290. President, S. C. Black, LL. D.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/West Park

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​WEST PARK, a city of Ohio, in Cuyahoga co., on the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern, and the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago, and St. Louis railroads. It is a residential suburb of Cleveland. Pop. (1910) 3,179; (1920) 8,581.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/West Springfield

* related portals: Massachusetts.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, travel guide, Wikidata item.
Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​WEST SPRINGFIELD, a town which includes several villages, in Massachusetts, in Hampden co., on the Connecticut river and on the Boston and Albany railroad. It is the center of an important farming and market gardening region, and has manufactures of paper and cigars. There are many interesting old houses, a high school building, and a public library. Pop. (1910) 9,225; (1920) 13,443.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/West Virginia University

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY, a coeducational non-sectarian institution in Morgantown, W. Va.; founded in 1867; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 123; students, 1,609. President F. B. Trotter, LL. D.