OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Allibond, Peter

​ALLIBOND, PETER (1560–1629), father of Dr.John Allibond, and a translator of theological treatises from the French and Latin, was born in 1560 at Wardington, near Banbury, where many generations of his family had resided. Becoming a student of Magdalen Hall, Oxford, in 1578, he proceeded to his bachelor's degree in 1581 (Wood, Fasti Oxon. ed. Bliss, i. 218) and to his master's in 1585 (ibid. i. 230). After some years spent in foreign travel, he entered into holy orders, and subsequently became rector of Chenies in Buckinghamshire, ‘where,’ says Anthony à Wood, ‘continuing many years, he did much improve the ignorant with his sound doctrine.’ It was while holding this benefice that he undertook his literary work. In 1591 he published a book entitled ‘Comfort for an Afflicted Conscience, wherein is contained both Consolation and Instruction for the Sicke, against the fearfull apprehension of their sinnes, of death and the devill, of the curse of the law, and of the anger and iust iudgment of God. Written by John de l'Espine, and translated by Peter Allibond.’ London, 1591, 8vo. And in the following year appeared a translation of a short tract by the same French author, bearing the title ‘Confutation of the Popish Transubstantiation, together with a Narration how that the Masse was at sundrie times patched and peeced by sundrie Popes. Wherein is contained a briefe summe of the reasons and arguments for those readers that will not receive the Masse. Translated out of French into English by Peter Allibond, Minister of the Word of God.’ London, 1592, 16mo. The translator deplores, in a prefatory note, that ‘at this time the papists are very rife and ready with their seducing seminaries and Jesuits,’ and evinces the bitterest hatred of Catholicism. His tone is always strongly Calvinistic. His theological views received their fullest exposition in a third work that he translated from the Latin in 1604. It is entitled ‘The Golden Chayne of Salvation written by that reverend and learned man, Maister Herman Renecker, and now translated out of Latine into English.’ London, 1604, 8vo. The English version is dedicated to the Earl and Countess of Bedford, whom Allibond calls his neighbours and ‘singular good lord and lady,’ and whom he thanks for special favours. He further speaks of having received aid in the translation from ‘another who ioyned with me in this small work,’ but no name is mentioned. Allibond died on 6 March 1628–9, and was buried in the chancel of his parish church. Anthony à Wood describes him as ‘an ingenious man in the opinion of all that knew him.’ Three sons survived him, of whom Job, the youngest, became a convert to the Romish Church.
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. ed. Bliss, ii. 440; Ames's Typog. Antiq. ed, Herbert, ii. 1165 and iii. 1332, 1333.]
S. L. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hamilton, James Alexander

​HAMILTON, JAMES ALEXANDER (1785–1845), compiler of musical instruction books, the son of a dealer in old books, was born in London in 1785. He studied the books in his father's shop and acquired a knowledge of languages and of music sufficient not only to translate important foreign publications such as Cherubini's 'Counterpoint and Fugue,' and treatises by Vierling, Baillot, Rode, &c., but to compile numberless instruction books and other works on musical theory and practice. The best known of these is the 'Pianoforte Tutor,' which reached its thirteenth edition in 1849,and after some fifty years of popularity has now (1890) reached its 1728th edition. Others of Hamilton's publications are : 'Dictionary of ... Musical Terms ' (1836 ?), 'Musical Grammar,' 'Rudiments of Harmony,' 'Catechisms of Counterpoint, Double Counterpoint, and Fugue,' 'Art of Writing for the Orchestra and Playing from Score,' 'Invention, Exposition, Development, and Concatenation of Musical Ideas ' (1838), 'Modulation, the Organ, Singing, Violin, Cello,' ' Tuning Piano-forte,' Maelzel's 'Metronome,' Kalkbrenner's ' Handguide,' 'New Daily Exercise,' 'Introduction to Choral Singing' (1841), 'Method for Double Bass.' In parts vii. to xi. of D' Almaine's Library of Musical Knowledge, appeared Hamilton's 'Choral Singing as adapted to Church Psalmody, Order ... of Morning and Evening Services, 'Method of Chanting the Psalms and Catechism of Modulation,' 1841-1843; 'Sacred Harmony,' 1843, and some primers.
Hamilton, although industrious,was neither temperate nor provident; he lived in difficulties, and died in extreme poverty, 2 Aug. 1845.
[Grove's Dict. of Music, i. 647 ; Fetis, iv. 213 ; Musical Times, i. 123 ; Hamilton's Works ; Messrs. R. Cocks & Co.'s Catalogue of Educational Works.]
L. M. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hamilton, James Archibald

​HAMILTON, JAMES ARCHIBALD, D.D. (1747–1815), astronomer, was born in 1747 in or near the town of Athlone, and having received his early education from Arthur Grueber, D.D., head-master of the royal school of Armagh, entered Trinity College, Dublin, on 1 Nov. 1765, under the tutorship of Robert Law, B.D. He passed his collegiate course with much credit; made great progress in the study of electricity, and soon displayed remarkable ability in practical astronomy. When he had been for a few years in holy orders he was collated in 1780 to the rectory of Derryloran, in the diocese of Armagh, and while there for nine or ten years he had a private observatory in Cookstown, in which he made several valuable observations, especially on the transit of Mercury. He graduated B.D. and D.D. in 1784, the date of his B.A. degree not being recorded, and in the same year he was collated to the treasurership of Armagh Cathedral, with the rectory of Creggan. In March 1790 he became archdeacon of Ross, and in the same month also prebendary of Tynan, in the diocese of Armagh, when he resigned the treasurership and rectory of Creggan. On 31 July following he was appointed by the primate, Morris Robinson, third lord Rokeby, the first astronomer of the newly founded observatory at Armagh. In December of the same year he exchanged Tynan for the prebend of Mullaghbrack, likewise in the diocese of Armagh. By patent dated 17 Sept. 1804 he was presented by the crown to the deanery of Cloyne, when he resigned the archdeaconry of Ross. He died at the observatory in Armagh 21 Nov. 1815, and was buried at Mullaghbrack, his successor in the office of astronomer being William Davenport, D.D., senior fellow of Trinity College, Dublin. Hamilton was author of several astronomical papers of a high order, which have been printed in the 'Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy,' 1794-1807, of which association he was an active member.
[Todd's Cat. of Dublin Graduates, p. 248; Stuart's Hist. of Armagh, pp. 525-7; Cotton's Fasti Ecclesiæ Hibernicæ, i. 312, 362, iii. 43, 51, 56, v. 210; Brady's Records of Cork, Cloyne, and Ross, ii. 205, 448.]
B. H. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hamilton, Janet

​HAMILTON, JANET (1795–1873), Scottish poetess, daughter of a shoemaker named Thomson, was born at Carshill, Shotts parish, Lanarkshire, 12 Oct. 1795. In her childhood the family removed to Hamilton, and then to Langloan, in the parish of Old Monkland, Lanarkshire. For a time her parents became farm labourers, and Janet, remaining at home, span and worked at the tambour-frame. Her father at length settled down in business for himself as a shoemaker, and John Hamilton, one of his young workmen, married Janet in 1809. They lived together at Langloan for about sixty years, and had a family of ten children. Having learnt to read as a girl, Janet Hamilton in her early years became familiar with the Bible, with Shakespeare and Milton, with many standard histories, biographies, and essays, and with the poems of Allan Ramsay, Fergusson, and Burns. Before she was twenty she had written in a hand writing of oriental aspect invented by herself numerous verses on religious themes; but family cares prevented further composition until she was about fifty-four. Then she began to write for Cassell's 'Working Man's Friend.' During her last eighteen years she was blind, and her husband and her daughter Marion read to her, while her son James was amanuensis. She was visited in those years by many notable people, including one of Garibaldi's sons, of whom she afterwards spoke with affectionate recollection. She died on 27 Oct. 1873, having never been 'more than twenty miles from her dwelling.' A memorial fountain has been placed nearly opposite her cottage.
Her literary work is very remarkable under the circumstances. She published 'Poems and Songs' in 1863, 'Sketches' in 1865, and 'Ballads' in 1868. Her son edited 'Poems and Prose Works of Janet Hamilton' in 1880, and a new edition of this was issued in 1885. The poems are invariably direct and to the purpose; some of the best are on Scotland, on friends, and on the scenes of the writer's neighbourhood; and there are vigorous pieces on temperance, besides various thoughtful and impressive sacred poems. The humorous and patriotic Scottish lyrics those especially with an autobiographical element and the descriptive pieces secure for Mrs. Hamilton a permanent place among the poets of Scotland. Her prose 'Sketches' display an easy command of a fairly accurate and attractive style, and several of them are faithful records of old Scottish manners and customs.
[Introductory articles by George Gilfillan and Dr. Alexander Wallace in Poems and Prose Works of Janet Hamilton; Janet Hamilton and her Works, by Professor Veitch, in Good Words, 1884; Professor Veitch's Feeling for Nature in Scottish Poetry, ii. 322; Irving's Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen.]
T. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hamilton, James (fl.1640-1680)

1904 Errata appended.
​HAMILTON, JAMES (fl. 1640–1680), painter, belonged to the family of Hamilton of Murdieston in Fifeshire. A strong royalist, he quitted Scotland during the Commonwealth for Brussels, where he practised for some years as a painter of animals and still life. Hamilton had three sons, all born at Brussels, who were highly distinguished in the same line of painting: (1) Ferninand Philip, born 1664, who was appointed painter to the Emperor Charles VI at Vienna, where he resided and died in 1750; (2) John George, born 1666, was also employed by the emperor at Vienna, where he died about 1733; and (3) Charles William, born 1670, was employed by Alexander Sigmund, bishop of Augsburg, where he resided and died in 1754. Pictures by the two elder brothers are in the galleries at Vienna, Munich, Dresden, &c.
L. C.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.146 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 185 | i | 23 | Hamilton, James (fl. 1640-1680): for 1666 read 1662 |
| | | 24 | for 1733 read 1736 |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Exeter, Walter of

The ODNB calls him a "supposed writer".
​EXETER, WALTER of (fl. 1301), Cluniac monk, is stated to have written, at the instance of one Baldwin, a citizen of Exeter, a life of Guy, earl of Warwick, in 1301, when living at St. Caroc in Cornwall. Bale, to whom we owe this notice, conjectures that he was a Dominican friar, and he has also been described as a Franciscan; but St. Caroc (St. Karroc or St. Syriac), near Lostwithiel, was a cell to the Cluniac house at Montacute in Somerset (Dugdale, Monasticon, v. 172, ed. 1825). As for the work with which Walter of Exeter is credited, if the date be correct, it cannot be a life of his contemporary Guy, earl of Warwick, who only became earl in 1298, but must be a form or version of the well-known romance, ‘Guy of Warwick’ (on which see H. L. D. Ward, Catalogue of Romances in the Department of Manuscripts, British Museum, 1883, i. 471–84); but of Walter's book no trace has passed down to us. Sir Harris Nicolas (Siege of Carlaverock, 1828, pref. iv–vi) suggested that he was the author of the famous poem on the siege of Carlaverock; but this hypothesis has been clearly disproved by T. Wright (Roll of Arms of the Siege of Carlaverock, 1864, p. vii).
R. L. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Exshaw, Charles

​EXSHAW, CHARLES (d. 1771), painter and engraver, a native of Dublin, was one of the early competitors for the Society of Arts' premium for an historical painting, with a picture of ‘The Black Prince entertaining the captive French Monarch after the Battle of Cressy.’ He is said to have studied in Rome, but in 1757 he was in Paris as a pupil of Carle ​Vanloo, and he executed four engravings of that painter's children in a combined method of etching and mezzotint engraving. From Paris he proceeded to Amsterdam, where he especially studied the works of Rembrandt, and executed two fine etchings from his pictures, 'Potiphar's Wife making Accusation against Joseph' and 'Christ with his Disciples at Sea in a Storm,' the latter plate being dated 1760. He also executed some etchings and mezzotint engravings of heads of boors and peasants after various Dutch masters, and a mezzotint engraving of 'A Girl with a Basket of Cherries, and Two Boys,' after Rubens. He subsequently settled in London, and unsuccessfully attempted to establish a drawing-school, after the example of the Caracci, in Maiden Lane, Covent Garden. He died early in 1771, and in April of that year his collection of studies and pictures was sold by auction. In 1781 he exhibited two pictures and drawing at the Society of British Artists, including a view of Salisbury.
[Dodd's manuscript Hist. of English Engravers; Edwards's Anecd. of Painters; Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Chaloner Smith's British Mezzotinto Portraits; Nagler's Kunstler-Lezikon; Graves' Dict. of Artists, 1760–1880.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Exton, John

​EXTON, JOHN (1600?–1665?), admiralty lawyer, born about 1600, was educated at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he proceeded B.A. 1619–20, M.A. 1623, LL.D. 1634. In 1649 he was appointed by the parliament judge of the court of admiralty, and in this office he was confirmed and reappointed by the Duke of York after the Restoration. Exton died about 1665. He was married, and had a family. A son Thomas is noticed below. John Exton, perhaps an older son, entered Merchant Taylors' School on 11 Sept. 1628. Exton wrote 'The Maritime Dicæologie, or Sea Jurisdiction of England, set forth in three several books,' 1664; 2nd ed. 1755. This book, which is of some value, was written chiefly to maintain the jurisdiction of his court.
Notes and Queries, October 1859, p. 310, November 1859. p. 389; Introduction to Black Book of Admiralty in Rolls Series; Cal. State Papers under 'Commonwealth' and 'Charles II;' Register of Merchant Taylors Sschool, i. 124.]
F. W-t.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Exeter, Stephen of

​EXETER, STEPHEN of (b. 1246). [See Stephen.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Exley, Thomas

​EXLEY, THOMAS (1775–1855), mathematician, was born at Gowdall, a village one mile west of Snaith in Yorkshire. Having taken the degree of M.A. (but at what university is unknown), he settled some time before 1812 as a mathematical teacher at Bristol. In that year he brought out with the Rev. William Moore Johnson, then curate of Henbury, Gloucestershire, a useful compilation entitled ‘The Imperial Encyclopædia; or, Dictionary of the Sciences and Arts; comprehending also the whole circle of Miscellaneous Literature,’ &c., 4 vols. 4to, London [1812]. By 1848 he had given up keeping school, and retired to Cotham Park Road, Bristol. He died 17 Feb. 1855, aged 80. Dr. Adam Clarke [q. v.], in whose defence he frequently wrote, was his brother-in-law. He was an early member of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, and read several papers at its meetings. His other writings are: 1. ‘A Vindication of Dr. Adam Clarke, in answer to Mr. Moore's Thoughts on the Eternal Sonship of the Second Person of the Holy Trinity, addressed to the People called Methodists,’ &c., 8vo, Bristol [1817]. 2. ‘Reply to Mr. Watson's Remarks on the Eternal Sonship of Christ; and the Use of Reason in matters of Revelation. Suggested by several passages in Dr. Adam Clarke's Commentary on the New Testament. To which are added Remarks on Mr. Boyd's Letters on the same subject in the Methodist Magazine,’ 8vo, London, 1818. 3. ‘The Theory of Parallel Lines perfected; or, the twelfth axiom of Euclid's Elements demonstrated,’ 8vo, London, 1818. 4. ‘Principles of Natural Philosophy; or, a new Theory of Physics, founded on Gravitation, and applied in explaining the General Properties of Matter,’ &c., 8vo, London, 1829. 5. ‘Physical Optics; or, the Phenomena of Optics explained according to Mechanical Science, and on the known Principles of Gravitation,’ 8vo, London, 1834. 6. ‘A Commentary on the First Chapter of Genesis: in which an attempt is made to present that Beautiful and Orderly Narrative in its true light. To which are added a Short Treatise on Geology, showing that the facts asserted by Moses … corroborate Geological Facts, … a short treatise on the Deluge,’ &c., 8vo, London, 1844. In the preface the author states that ‘this work is not a mushroom notion just sprung up; indeed for more than forty years it has occupied my thoughts.’
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Exmew, William

​EXMEW, WILLIAM (1507?–1535), Carthusian, was educated at Christ's College, Cambridge. His friend, Maurice Chauncy [q. v.], says that he was a man of good family, and that when at the age of twenty-eight he was chosen vicar (and shortly afterwards steward) of the London Charterhouse, there was no Carthusian in England better fitted by wit and learning for the post. This must have been in 1535, as Humphrey Middlemore is called steward (procurator) in 1534 (Cal. Hen. VIII, vii. 728). After the prior and other more important Carthusians had suffered death for denying the king's supremacy, Exmew and two others still persisted in refusing the oath, and were forthwith hanged as traitors in June 1535. They had previously been imprisoned in the Tower, rigidly chained in a standing position for thirteen days. A theological treatise entitled ‘The Clowde of Knowing and the Clowde of Contemplation’ has been ascribed to him or Chauncy, but the handwriting of the copy in the Harleian collection (Harl. MS. 674) belongs to an earlier period, and the writer of that copy signs himself Walter Fitzherbert. Another copy at University College, Oxford, is mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue of Manuscripts.
R. H. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Exeter, William of

​EXETER, WILLIAM of, a name belonging, as it seems, to more than one person commemorated by biographers: 1. The author of certain ‘Determinationes’ against Ockham, ‘De Mendicitate, contra fratres,’ ‘Pro Ecclesiæ Paupertate,’ and ‘De Generatione Christi,’ who is said to have been a doctor of divinity and canon of Exeter, and who may be presumed to have written between about 1320 and 1340. 2. The author of a course of ​sermons on the Beatitudes, who must have flourished much earlier than the above-named William, since the Laudian manuscript of his work (Laud. MS., Miscell. 368, f. 106, Bodl. Libr.) cannot be later than the beginning of the thirteenth century; yet this writer's death is placed by Wood in 1365. 3. A third William of Exeter was physician to Queen Philippa, and held a variety of church preferments, which are enumerated by Tanner; among them was the precentorship of Lincoln. He is said to have graduated in arts, medicine, and theology, but no writings are assigned to him.
R. L. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Exeter, Earl of

​EXETER, Earl of. [See Cecil, Thomas, 1542-1622.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Exeter, Joseph of

​EXETER, JOSEPH of (12th cent.) [See Joseph.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Exeter, Marquis of

​EXETER, Marquis of. [See Courtenay, Henry, 1496?-1538.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Creed, William

​CREED, WILLIAM (1614?–1663), divine, the son of John Creed, was a native of Reading, Berkshire. He was elected a scholar of St. John's College, Oxford, in 1631, proceeded B.A., was elected a fellow of his college, commenced M. A. in 1639, and graduated B.D. in 1646. During the civil war he adhered to the royalist cause, and preached several sermons before the king and parliament at Oxford. He was expelled from his fellowship and from the university in 1648, but in the time of the usurpation he held the rectory of Codford St. Mary, Wiltshire. At the Restoration he was created D.D., and appointed in June 1660 to the regius professorship of divinity at Oxford, to which office a canonry of Christ Church is annexed. In July 1660 he became archdeacon of Wiltshire, and on 13 Sept. in the same year prebendary of Lyme and Halstock in the church of Salisbury. He was also rector of Stockton, Wiltshire. William Derham, in his manuscript 'Catalogue of the Fellows of St. John's College,' says ' he was in the worst of times a staunch defender of the church of England, an acute divine, especially skilled in scholastic theology, and a subtle disputant.' Creed died at Oxford on 19 July 1663.
Besides several sermons, he published: 'The Refuter refuted; or D$^r$ Hen. Hammond's Ἐκτενέστερον defended against the impertinent cavils of M$^r$ Hen. Jeanes,' London, 1660, 4to.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Creed, Cary

​CREED, CARY (1708–1775), etcher, was the son of Cary Creed and Elizabeth his wife, and grandson of the Rev. John Creed, vicar of Castle Cary, Somersetshire. He etched and published a number of plates from the marbles in the collection of the Earl of Pembroke at Wilton House. These are slightly but cleverly executed. Four editions of the work are known: with sixteen etchings, with forty etchings (1730), with seventy etchings (1731), and with seventy-four etchings (1731). Creed died 16 Jan. 1775, aged 67, and was buried at Castle Cary.
L. C.