OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Metherell, Richard Roe

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​METHERELL. (Lieut., 1823. f-p., 25; h-p., 12.)
Richard Roe Metherell entered the Navy, in May, 1810, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Arethusa 38, Capts. Robt. Mends and Fras. Holmes Coffin, with whom he continued actively employed on the north coast of Spain, and on the African and West India stations, until July, 1813 – the last two years and two months in the capacity of Midshipman. He then removed to the Cyndus 38, Capts. Fred. Langford and Hon. Robt. Cavendish Spencer; and, after an intermediate servitude on the Home, West India, and Halifax stations, was next, from May to Oct. 1816, attached to the Impregnable 104, and Berwick 74, flag-ships at Plymouth of Sir John Thos. Duckworth. Between May, 1818, and Oct. 1819, we find him officiating as Master’s Mate, in the East Indies and at the Cape of Good Hope, of the Phaeton 46, Capt. Wm. Henry Dillon. He subsequently, in Nov. 1820, joined the Surinam 18, Capts. Wm. M‘Kenzie Godfrey, Alfred Matthews, and Chas. Crole, employed at first on the Barbadoes, and then on the Jamaica station; where he was confirmed a Lieutenant, 27 March, 1823, in the Tyne 26, Capts. John Edw. Walcott and John Walter Roberts. He left that vessel in Jan. 1824; and was afterwards appointed – 25 Oct. 1827, to the Britomart 10, Capts. Russell Henry Manners and Edw. John Johnson, employed on the Plymouth and Lisbon stations – 22 Aug. 1831 and 29 Feb. 1832, as Senior, to the Ariadne 28, and Columbine 18, Capts. Chas. Phillips and Henry Ommanney Love, both in the West Indies, whence he returned in March, 1834 – and 18 Nov. 1835, to the Coast Guard, in which service he remained until 1843. He has since been on half-pay. Agents – Messrs. Ommanney.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Chillingworth, William

​Chillingworth, William (1602-1644).—Theologian and controversialist, b. and ed. at Oxf., was god-son of Archbishop Laud. Falling into theological doubts he subsequently became a convert to Roman Catholicism, and studied at the Jesuit Coll. at Douay, 1630. In the following year he returned to Oxf., and after further consideration of the points at issue, he rejoined the Church of England, 1634. This exposed him to violent attacks on the part of the Romanists, in reply to which he pub. in 1637 his ​famous polemic, The Religion of the Protestants a Safe Way to Salvation, characterised by clear style and logical reasoning. For a time he refused ecclesiastical preferment, but ultimately his scruples were overcome, and he became Prebendary and Chancellor of Salisbury. C. is regarded as one of the ablest controversialists of the Anglican Church.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Child, Mrs. Lydia Maria

​Child, Mrs. Lydia Maria (Francis) (1802-1880).—Was the author of many once popular tales, Hobomok, The Rebels, Philothes, etc.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Church, Richard William

​Church, Richard William (1815-1890).—Divine, historian, and biographer, was b. at Lisbon, and ed. at Oxf., where he became a friend of J. H. Newman (q.v.). He took orders, and became Rector of Whatley, Somerset, and in 1871 Dean of St. Paul's. He was a leading member of the High Church party, but was held in reverence by many who did not sympathise with his ecclesiastical views. Among his writings are The Beginning of the Middle Ages (1877), and a memoir on The Oxford Movement (1891), pub. posthumously. He also wrote Lives of Anselm, Dante, Spenser, and Bacon.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Cibber, Colley

​Cibber, Colley (1671-1757).—Actor and dramatist, b. in London, s. of a Danish sculptor, and ed. at Grantham School. Soon after his return to London he took to the stage. Beginning with tragedy, in which he failed, he turned to comedy, and became popular in eccentric rôles. In 1696 he brought out his first play, Love's Last Shift, and produced in all about 30 plays, some of which were very successful. In 1730 he was made Poet Laureate, and wrote some forgotten odes of no merit, also an entertaining autobiography. Pope made him the hero of the Dunciad.
Among other plays are The Nonjuror (1717), Woman's Wit, She ​Would and She Would Not, The Provoked Husband (1728) (with Vanbrugh).
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Clare, John

​Clare, John (1793-1864).—Poet, s. of a cripple pauper, was b. at Helpstone near Peterborough. His youth is the record of a noble struggle against adverse circumstances. With great difficulty he managed to save one pound, with which he was able to have a prospectus of his first book of poems printed, which led to an acquaintance with Mr. Drury, a bookseller in Stamford, by whose help the poems were pub., and brought him £20. The book, Poems descriptive of Rural Life (1820), immediately attracted attention. Various noblemen befriended him and stocked a farm for him. But unfortunately C. had no turn for practical affairs, and got into difficulties. He, however, continued to produce poetry, and in addition to The Village Minstrel, which had appeared in 1821, pub. The Shepherd's Calendar (1827), and Rural Muse (1835). Things, however, went on from bad to worse; his mind gave way, and he d. in an asylum. C. excels in description of rural scenes and the feelings and ideas of humble country life.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Clarke, Marcus

​Clarke, Marcus (1846-1881).—Novelist, b. in London, went to Australia, where he took to journalism. He wrote two novels, Long Odds and For the Term of his Natural Life (1874), the latter dealing in a powerful and realistic manner with transportation and convict labour. He also wrote Lower Bohemia in Melbourne, The Humbug Papers, The Future Australian Race.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Churchill, Charles

​Churchill, Charles (1731-1764).—Satirist, s. of a clergyman, was ed. at Westminster School, and while still a school boy made a clandestine marriage. He entered the Church, and on the death of his f. in 1758 succeeded him in the curacy and lectureship of St. John's, Westminster. In 1761 he pub. the Rosciad, in which he severely satirised the players and managers of the day. It at once brought him both fame and money; but he fell into dissipated habits, separated from his wife, and outraged the proprieties of his profession to such an extent that he was compelled to resign his preferments. He also incurred the enmity of those whom he had attacked, which led to the publication of two other satirical pieces, The Apology and Night. He also attacked Dr. Johnson and his circle in The Ghost, and the Scotch in The Prophecy of Famine. He attached himself to John Wilkes, on a visit to whom, at Boulogne, he d. of fever.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Churchyard, Thomas

​Churchyard, Thomas (1520?-1604).—Poet and miscellaneous writer, began life as a page to the Earl of Surrey, and subsequently passed through many vicissitudes as a soldier in Scotland, Ireland, France, and the Low Countries. He was latterly a hanger-on at Court, and had a pension of eighteenpence a day from Queen Elizabeth, which was not, however, regularly paid. He wrote innumerable pamphlets and broadsides, and some poems, of which the best are Shore's Wife (1563), The Worthiness of Wales (1587) repub. by the Spenser Society (1871), and Churchyard's Chips (1575), an autobiographical piece.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Clarendon, Edward Hyde, Earl of

​Clarendon, Edward Hyde, Earl of (1608-1674).—Lawyer, statesman, and historian, s. of a country gentleman of good estate in Wiltshire, was b. at Dinton in that county, and ed. at Oxf. Destined originally for the Church, circumstances led to his being sent to London to study law, which he did under his uncle, Sir Nicholas H., Chief Justice of the King's Bench. In early life he was the friend of all the leading men of the day. Entering Parliament in 1640 he at first supported popular measures, but, on the outbreak of the Civil War, attached himself to the King, and was the author of many of his state papers. From 1648 until the Restoration C. was engaged in various embassies and as a counsellor of Charles II., who made him in 1658 his Lord Chancellor, an office in which he was confirmed at the Restoration, when he also became Chancellor of the Univ. of Oxf., and was likewise raised to the peerage. His power and influence came to an end, however, in 1667, when he was dismissed from all his offices, was impeached, and had to fly to France. The causes of his fall were partly the miscarriage of the war with Holland, and the sale of Dunkirk, and partly the jealousy of rivals and the intrigues of place hunters, whose claims he had withstood. In his enforced retirement he engaged himself in completing his great historic work, The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, which he had begun in 1641, and which was not pub. until 1702-4. C.'s style is easy, flowing, diffuse, and remarkably modern, with an occasional want of clearness owing to his long and involved sentences. His great strength is in character-painting, in which he is almost unrivalled. The History was followed by a supplementary History of the Civil War in Ireland (1721). C. also wrote an autobiography, The Life of Edward Earl of Clarendon (1759), a reply to the Leviathan of Hobbes, and An Essay on the Active and Contemplative Life, in which the superiority of the former is maintained. C. d. at Rouen. He was a man of high personal character, and great intellect and sagacity, but lacking in the firmness and energy necessary for the troublous times in which he lived. His dau. Anne married the ​Duke of York, afterwards James II., a connection which involved him in much trouble and humiliation.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Clarke, Charles Cowden

​Clarke, Charles Cowden (1787-1877).—Writer on Shakespeare, etc., friend of Keats, and a publisher in London. Latterly he lived in France and Italy. His wife, Mary C.-C. (1809-1898), dau. of V. Novello, musician, compiled a complete Concordance to Shakespeare (1844-45), and wrote The Shakespeare Key (1879) and, with her husband, Recollections of Writers (1878).
# A History of Japanese Colour-Prints/Alphabetical List of Signs

Alphabetical list of the signs which compose the names of the most important Japanese artists
(The names of the artists from which these signs are taken appear in brackets. The cross-references denote that a sign has two different pronunciations.)
* 馬 ba (Hokuba)
* 文 bun (Bunchō)
* 珍 chin (Chinchō)
* 重 { chō (Chinchō) see shige
* 調 chō (Bunchō)
* 潮 chō (Shunchō)
* 岳 gaku (Gakutei)
* 川 { gawa (Utagawa) see kawa
* 羽 hane (Hanegawa)
* 春 { haru (Harunobu) see shun
* 廣 hiro (Kiyohiro)
* 菱 hishi (Hishikawa)
* 北 { hoku (Hokusaï) see kita
* 爲 i (Iitsu)
* 居 i (Torii)
* 䂖 ishi (Ishikawa)
* 一 itsu (Iitsu)
* 葛 katsu (Katsushika)
* 勝 katsu (Katsukawa)
* 川{ kawa (Hishikawa) see gawa
* 溪 kei (Keisai)
* 木 ki (Suzuki)
* 菊 kiku (Kikugawa)
* 北 { kita (Kitao) see hoku
* 清 kiyo (Kiyonobu)
* 湖 ko (Koriusai)
* 國 kuni (Morikuni)
* 満 { man (Shumman) see mitsu
* 麿 maro (Utamaro)
* 政 masa (Masanobu)
* 倍 masu (Kiyomasu)
* 満 { mitsu (Kiyomitsu) see man
* 守 mori (Morikuni)
* 師 moro (Moronóbu)
* 村 mura (Okumura)
* 長 naga (Shigenaga) ​
* 西 nishi (Nishimura)
* 宣 nobu (Moronobu)
* 信 nobu (Kiyonobu)
* 尾 o (Kitao)
* 奥 oku (Okumura)
* 樂 raku (Sharaku)
* 理 ri (Sōri)
* 龍 riu (Koriusai)
* 朗 rō (Shunrō)
* 貞 sada (Kunisada)
* 齋 sai (Koriusai)
* 扇 sen (Shunsen)
* 泉 sen (Yeisen)
* 寫 sha (Sharaku)
* 之 shi (Yeishi)
* 重 { shige (Shigenaga) see chō
* 飾 shika (Katsushika)
* 昌 shō (Yeishō)
* 章 shō (Shunshō)
* 春 { shun (Shunshō) see haru
* 俊 shun (Shumman)
* 宗 sō (Sōri)
* 鈴 suzu (Suzuki)
* 橘 tachibana (T. Morikuni)
* 戴 tai (Taito)
* 斗 to (Taito)
* 祐 suke (Sukenobu)
* 鳥 tori (Torii)
* 豊 toyo (Toyonobu)
* 歌 uta (Utagawa)
* 英 yei (Shunyei)
* 榮 yei (Yeishi)
* 美 yoshi (Masayoshi)
* 芳 yoshi (Kuniyoshi)
* 喜 yoshi (Nagayoshi)
* 山 zan (Yeizan)
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Ercildoun, Thomas of, or "Thomas The Rhymer"

​Ercildoun, Thomas of, or "Thomas the Rhymer" (fl. 1220-1297).—A minstrel to whom is ascribed Sir Tristrem, rhyme or story for recitation. He had a reputation for prophecy, and is reported to have foretold the death of Alexander III., and various other events.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Etherege, Sir George

​Etherege, Sir George (1635?-1691).—Dramatist, was at Camb., travelled, read a little law, became a man-about-town, the companion of Sedley, Rochester, and their set. He achieved some note as the writer of three lively comedies, Love in a Tub (1664), She would if she Could (1668), and The Man of Mode (1676), all characterised by the grossness of the period. He was sent on a mission to Ratisbon, where he broke his neck when lighting his guests downstairs after a drinking bout.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Ewing, Mrs. Juliana Horatia

​Ewing, Mrs. Juliana Horatia (Gatty) (1842-1885).—Writer of children's stories, dau. of Mrs. Alfred Gatty (q.v.), also a writer for children. Among her tales, which have hardly been excelled in sympathetic insight into child-life, and still enjoy undiminished popularity, are: A Flat Iron for a Farthing, Jackanapes, Jan of the Windmill, Mrs. Overtheway's Remembrances, and The Story of a Short Life.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Erskine, Ralph

​Erskine, Ralph (1685-1752).—Scottish Divine and poet, was b. near Cornhill, Northumberland, where his f., a man of ancient Scottish family, was, for the time, a nonconforming minister. He became minister of Dunfermline, and, with his brother Ebenezer, was involved in the controversies in the Church of Scotland, which led to the founding of the Secession Church in 1736. He has a place in literature as the writer of devotional works, especially for his Gospel Sonnets (of which 25 ed. had appeared by 1797), and Scripture Songs (1754).
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Erigena, or Scotus, John

​Erigena, or Scotus, John (ft. 850). Philosopher, b. in Scotland or Ireland, was employed at the Court of Charles the ​Bald, King of France. He was a pantheistic mystic, and made translations from the Alexandrian philosophers. He was bold in the exposition of his principles, and had both strength and subtlety of intellect. His chief work is De Divisione Naturæ, a dialogue in which he places reason above authority.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Erskine, Thomas

​Erskine, Thomas (1788-1870).—Theologian, s. of David E., of Linlathen, to which property he succeeded, his elder brother having d. He was called to the Bar in 1810, but never practised. Having come under unusually deep religious impressions he devoted himself largely to the study of theology, and pub. various works, including The Internal Evidence for the Truth of Revealed Religion (1820), Unconditional Freeness of the Gospel, and The Spiritual Order. He was a man of singular charm of character, and wielded a great influence on the religious thought of his day. He enjoyed the friendship of men of such different types as Carlyle, Chalmers, Dean Stanley, and Prévost Paradol. His Letters were ed. by Dr. W. Hanna (1877-78).
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Emerson, Ralph Waldo

​Emerson, Ralph Waldo (1803-1882).—Philosopher, was b. at Boston, Massachusetts. His f. was a minister there, who had become a Unitarian, and who d. in 1811, leaving a widow with six children, of whom Ralph, then aged 8, was the second. Mrs. E. was, however, a woman of energy, and by means of taking boarders managed to give all her sons a good education. E. entered Harvard in 1817 and, after passing through the usual course there, studied for the ministry, to which he was ordained in 1827, and settled over a congregation in his native city. There he remained until 1832, when he resigned, ostensibly on a difference of opinion with his brethren on the permanent nature of the Lord's Supper as a rite, but really on a radical change of view in regard to religion in general, expressed in the maxim that "the day of formal religion is past." About the same time he lost his young wife, and his health, which had never been robust, showed signs of failing. In search of recovery he visited Europe, where he met many eminent men and formed a life-long friendship with Carlyle. On his return in 1834 he settled at Concord, and took up lecturing. In 1836 he pub. Nature, a somewhat transcendental little book which, though containing much fine thought, did not appeal to a wide circle. The American Scholar followed in 1837. Two years previously he had entered into a second marriage. His influence as a thinker rapidly extended, he was regarded as the leader of the transcendentalists, and was one of the chief contributors to their organ, The Dial. The remainder of his life, though happy, busy, and influential, was singularly uneventful. In 1847 he paid a second visit to England, when he spent a week with Carlyle, and delivered a course of lectures in England and Scotland on "Representative Men," which he subsequently pub. English Traits appeared in 1856. In 1857 The Atlantic Monthly was started, and to it he became a frequent contributor. In 1874 he was nominated for the Lord Rectorship of the Univ. of Glasgow, but was defeated by Disraeli. He, however, regarded nomination as the greatest honour of his life. After 1867 he wrote little. He d. on April 27, 1882. His works were coll. in 11 vols., and in addition to those above mentioned include Essays (two series), Conduct of Life, Society and Solitude, Natural History of Intellect, and Poems. The intellect of E. was subtle rather than robust, and suggestive rather than systematic. He wrote down the intuitions and suggestions of the moment, and was entirely careless as to whether these harmonised with previous statements. He was an original and stimulating thinker and writer, and wielded a style of much beauty and fascination. His religious views approached more nearly to Pantheism than to any other known system of belief. He was a man of singular elevation and purity of character.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Evelyn, John

​Evelyn, John (1620-1706).—Diarist, and miscellaneous writer, was of an old Surrey family, and was ed. at a school at Lewes and at Oxf. He travelled much on the Continent, seeing all that was best worth seeing in the way of galleries and collections, both public and private, of which he has given an interesting account in ​his Diary. He was all his life a staunch Royalist, and joined the King as a volunteer in 1642, but soon after repaired again to the Continent. After 1652 he was at home, settled at Sayes Court, near Deptford, where his gardens were famous. After the Restoration he was employed in various matters by the Government, but his lofty and pure character was constantly offended by the manners of the Court. In addition to his Diary, kept up from 1624-1706, and which is full of interesting details of public and private events, he wrote upon such subjects as plantations, Sylva (1664), gardening, Elysium Britannicum (unpub.), architecture, prevention of smoke in London, engraving, Sculptura (1662), and he was one of the founders of the Royal Society, of which he was for a time sec. The dignity and purity of E'.s character stand forth in strong relief against the laxity of his times.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Faber, Frederick William

​Faber, Frederick William (1814-1863).—Theologian and hymn-writer, was b. at Calverley, Yorkshire, and ed. at Harrow and Oxf., where he came under the influence of Newman, whom he followed into the Church of Rome. He wrote various theological treatises, but has a place in literature for his hymns, which include The Pilgrims of the Night, My God how wonderful thou art, and Sweet Saviour, bless us ere we go.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Macaulay, Mrs. Catherine

Macaulay, Mrs. Catherine (SAWBRIDGE) (1731-1791). -- Dau. of a landed proprietor of Kent, was an advocate of republicanism, and a sympathiser with the French Revolution. She wrote a History of England from the Accession of James I. to the Elevation of the House of Hanover (8 vols., 1763-83), which had great popularity in its day, some critics, e.g. Horace Walpole, placing it above Hume.page 249 Though a work of no real research or authority, it is in the main well written.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/M'Crie, Thomas

M'Crie, Thomas (1772-1835). -- Biographer and ecclesiastical historian, b. at Duns, and ed. at the Univ. of Edin., became the leading minister of one of the Dissenting churches of Scotland. His Life of Knox (1813) ranks high among biographies for the ability and learning which it displays, and was the means of vindicating the great Reformer from a cloud of prejudice and misunderstanding in which he had been enveloped. It was followed by a Life of Andrew Melvillepage 251 (1819), Knox's successor as the leader of the Reformers in Scotland, also a work of great merit. M'C. also pub. histories of the Reformation in Italy and Spain. He received the degree of D.D. in 1813.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/M'Lennan, John Ferguson

M'Lennan, John Ferguson (1827-1881). -- Sociologist, b. at Inverness, and ed. at Aberdeen and Camb., was in 1857 called to the Scottish Bar, and was subsequently Parliamentary Draftsman for Scotland. His main contribution to literature is his original and learned book, Primitive Marriage (1865). Another work, The Patriarchal Theory, left unfinished, was completed by his brother (1884). These works and other papers by M. gave a great impulse to the study of the problems with which they deal, and cognate questions. M. received the degree of LL.D. from Aberdeen in 1874.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Maccarthy, Denis Florence

Maccarthy, Denis Florence (1817-1882). -- Poet, b. at Dublin, and ed. at Maynooth with a view to the priesthood, devoted himself, however, to literature, and contributed verses to The Nation. Among his other writings are Ballads, Poems, and Lyrics (1850), The Bell Founder (1857), and Under-Glimpses. He also ed. a collection of Irish lyrics, translated Calderon, and wrote Shelley's Early Life (1872).
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Lytton, Edward Robert Bulwer, 1st Earl Of Lytton

Lytton, Edward Robert Bulwer, 1st Earl Of Lytton (1831-1891). -- Poet and statesman, s. of the above, was ed. at Harrow and Bonn, and thereafter was private sec. to his uncle, Sir H. Bulwer, afterwards Lord Dalling and Bulwer (q.v.), at Washington and Florence. Subsequently he held various diplomatic appointments at other European capitals. In 1873 he succeeded his f. in the title, and in 1876 became Viceroy of India. He was cr. an Earl on his retirement in 1880, and was in 1887 appointed Ambassador at Paris, where he d. in 1891. He valued himself much more as a poet than as a man of affairs; but, though he had in a considerable degree some of the qualities of a poet, he never quite succeeded in commanding the recognition of either the public or the critics. His writings, usually appearing under the pseudonym of "Owen Meredith," include Clytemnestra (1855), The Wanderer (1857), Lucile (1860), Chronicles and Characters (1868), Orval, or the Fool of Time (1869), Fables in Song (1874), and King Poppy (1892). As Viceroy of India he introduced important reforms, and his dispatches were remarkable for their fine literary form.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/M'Cosh, James

M'Cosh, James (1811-1894). -- Philosophical writer, s. of an Ayrshire farmer, was a minister first of the Church of Scotland, and afterwards of the Free Church. From 1851-68 he was Prof. of Logic at Queen's Coll., Belfast, and thereafter Pres. of Princeton Coll., New Jersey. He wrote several works on philosophy, including Method of the Divine Government (1850), Intuitions of the Mind inductively investigated (1860), Laws of Discursive Thought (1870), Scottish Philosophy (1874), and Psychology (1886).