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# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 28:1

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# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 28:12

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# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 27:8

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# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 28:10

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# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 28:13

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# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 27 TONALITE to VESUVIUS

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# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 28:11

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| Wilkinson, John Wilkinson, Sir John Gardner Wilkinson, Tate Will (philosophy) Will (Law) Willard, Frances Elizabeth Willemite Willems, Florent Joseph Marie Willems, Jean François Willesden Willette, Leon Adolphe William William I., King of England William II., King of England William III., King of England William IV., King of England William of Scotland William I. of Germany William II. of Germany William I., King of the Netherlands William II., King of the Netherlands William III., King of the Netherlands William, King of the Romans William I. of Sicily William II. of Sicily | William I. of Württemberg William IV. of Hesse William of Orange William II., Prince of Orange William the Breton William the Clito William of Malmesbury William of Nangis William of Newburgh William of Poitiers William of St Calais William, archbishop of Tyre William of Valence William of Wykeham Williams, John (archbishop) Williams, John (missionary) Williams, Roger Williams, Rowland Williams, Sir William Fenwick Williamsburg Williamson, Alexander William Williamson, Sir Joseph Williamson, William Crawford Williamsport Williamstown (Australia) | Williamstown (Massachusetts) Williams-Wynn, Sir Watkin Willibrord, St Willimantic Willis, Nathaniel Parker Willis, Thomas Willmore, James Tibbitts Willobie, Henry Willock, John Willoughby Willow Willow-herb Wills, William Gorman Willughby, Francis Wilmington (Delaware) Wilmington (North Carolina) Wilmot, David Wilson, Alexander Wilson, Sir Daniel Wilson, Henry Wilson, Horace Hayman Wilson, James (statesman) Wilson, James (administrator) Wilson, John (playwright) Wilson, John (writer) | Wilson, James Harrison Wilson, Richard Wilson, Robert Wilson, Sir Robert Thomas Wilson, Thomas (statesman) Wilson, Thomas (bishop) Wilson, Sir William James Erasmus Wilson, Woodrow Wilton Wiltshire Wimbledon Wimborne Wimpffen, Emmanuel Felix de Winburg Winchcomb Winchelsea, Anne Finch, Countess of Winchelsea, Robert Winchelsea Winchester, Earls and Marquesses of Winchester Winchester (Kentucky) Winchester (Massachusetts) Winchester (Virginia) Winckelmann, Johann Joachim Wind |
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Wilkinson, James John Garth

See also James John Garth Wilkinson on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​WILKINSON, JAMES JOHN GARTH (1812-1899), Swedenborgian writer, the son of James John Wilkinson (died 1845), a writer on mercantile law and judge of the County Palatine of Durham, was born in London on the 3rd of June 1812. He studied medicine, and set up as a homoeopathic doctor in Wimpole Street in 1834. He was early attracted by the works of William Blake, whose Songs of Experience he endeavoured to interpret, and of Swedenborg, to the elucidation of whose writings he devoted the best energies of his life. Between 1840 and 1850 he edited Swedenborg's treatises on The Doctrine of Charity, The Animal Kingdom, Outlines of a Philosophic Argument on the Infinite, and Hieroglyphic Key to Natural and Spiritual Mysteries. Wilkinson's preliminary discourses to these translations and his criticisms of Coleridge's comments upon Swedenborg displayed a striking aptitude not only for mystical research, but also for original philosophic debate. The vigour of his thought won admiration from Henry James (father of the novelist) and from Emerson, through whom he became known to Carlyle and Froude; and his speculation further attracted Tennyson, the Oliphants and Edward Maitland. He wrote an able sketch of Swedenborg for the Penny Cyclopaedia, and a standard biography, Emanuel Swedenborg (published in 1849); but interest in this subject far from exhausted his intellectual energy, which was, indeed, multiform. He was a traveller, a linguist, well versed in Scandinavian literature and philology, the author of mystical poems entitled Improvisations from the Spirit (1857), a social and medical reformer, and a convinced opponent of vivisection and also of vaccination. He died at Finchley Road, South Hampstead, where he had resided for nearly fifty years, on 18th October 1899. He is commemorated by a bust and portrait in the rooms of the Swcdenborgian Society in Bloomsbury Street, London.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Wilkins, John

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​WILKINS, JOHN (1614–1672), bishop of Chester, was born at Fawsley, Northamptonshire, and educated at Magdalen Hall, Oxford. He was ordained and became vicar of Fawsley in 1637, but soon resigned and became chaplain successively to Lord Saye and Sele, Lord Berkeley, and Prince Charles Louis, nephew of Charles I. and afterwards elector palatine of the Rhine. In 1648 he became warden of Wadham College, Oxford. Under him the college was extraordinarily prosperous, for, although a supporter of Cromwell, he was in touch with the most cultured royalists, who placed their sons in his charge. In 1659 Richard Cromwell appointed him master of Trinity College, Cambridge. At the Restoration in 1660 he was deprived, but appointed prebendary of York and rector of Cranford, Middlesex. In 1661 he was preacher at Gray's Inn, and in 1662 vicar of St Lawrence Jewry, London. He became vicar of Polebrook, Northamptonshire, in 1666, prebendary of Exeter in 1667, and in the following year prebendary of St Paul's and bishop of Chester. Possessing strong scientific tastes, he was the chief founder of the Royal Society and its first secretary. He died in London on the 19th of November 1672.
The chief of his numerous works is an Essay towards a Real Character and a Philosophical Language (London, 1668), in which he expounds a new universal language for the use of philosophers. He is remembered also for a curious work entitled The Discovery of a World in the Moon (1638, 3rd ed., with an appendix “The possibility of a passage thither,” 1640). Other works are A Discourse concerning a New Planet (1640); Mercury, or the Secret and Swift Messenger (1641), a work of some ingenuity on the means of rapid correspondence; and Mathematical Magick (1648).
See P. A. Wright Henderson, The Life and Times of John Wilkins (1910), and also the article Aeronautics.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Wilkinsburg

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​WILKINSBURG, a borough of Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., immediately E. of Pittsburg, of which it is a residential suburb. Pop. (1890) 4662; (1900) 11,886, of whom 1336 were foreign-born and 275 were negroes; (1910 census) 18,924. Wilkinsburg is served by the Pennsylvania railway and by interurban electric lines. It is a post-station of Pittsburg. In the borough are a Home for Aged Protestants (1882), the United Presbyterian Home for the Aged (1879), and Columbia hospital (1908). Settled in 1798 and known first as McNairville and then as Rippeyville, the place was renamed about 1840 in honour of William Wilkins (1779–1865), a member of the United States Senate in 1831–1834, minister to Russia in 1834–1835, a representative in Congress in 1843–1844, and secretary of war in President John Tyler's cabinet in 1844–1845. In 1887 Wilkinsburg was incorporated as a borough.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Wilkinson, Tate

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​WILKINSON, TATE (1739–1803), English actor and manager, was born on the 27th of October 1739, the son of a clergyman. His first attempts at acting were badly received, and it was to his wonderful gift of mimicry that he owed his success. His imitations, however, naturally gave offence to the important actors and managers whose peculiarities he hit off to the life. Garrick, Peg Woffington, Samuel Foote and Sheridan, after being delighted with the imitations of the others, were among the most angry, when it came to their turn, and threatened never to forgive him. Garrick never did. As an actor, Wilkinson was most successful in Foote’s plays, but his list of parts was a long one. In Shakespearian characters he was very popular in the provinces. In 1766 he became a partner of Joseph Baker in the management of several Yorkshire theatres, and sole manager after his partner’s death in 1770 of these and others. In this capacity he was both liberal and successful. He died on the 16th of November 1803.
See his Memoirs (4 vols., 1790) and The Wandering Patentee (4 vols., 1795).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Wilkins, George

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​WILKINS, GEORGE (fl. 1607), English playwright and pamphleteer, is first mentioned as the author of a pamphlet on the Three Miseries of Barbary, which probably dates from 1604. He was associated with the King's Men, and was thus a colleague of Shakespeare. He was chiefly employed in remodelling old plays. He collaborated in 1607 with William Rowley and John Day in The Travailes of the Three English Brothers. In the same year a play was produced which was apparently entirely Wilkins's work. It is The Miseries of Inforst Mariage, and treats the story of Walter Calverley, whose identity is thinly veiled under the name of “Scarborough.” This man had killed his two children and had attempted to murder his wife. The play had originally a tragic ending, but as played in 1607 ended in comedy, and the story stopped short before the catastrophe, perhaps because of objections raised by Mrs Calverley's family, the Cobhams. The crime itself is dealt with in A Yorkshire Tragedy, which was originally performed with three other plays under the title of All’s One. It was entered on the Stationers' Register in 1608 as “written by William Shakespeare,” published with the same ascription in that year, and reprinted in 1619 without contradiction of the statement. Mr Sidney Lee assigns to George Wilkins a share in Shakespeare's Pericles and possibly in Timon of Athens. Delius conjectured that Wilkins was the original author of Pericles and that Shakespeare remodelled it. However that may be, Wilkins published in 1608 a novel entitled The Painfull Adventures of Pericles, Prynce of Tyre, being the true history of Pericles as it was lately presented by … John Cower, which sometimes follows the play very closely.
Mr Fleay (Biog. Chron. of the Drama) says that the external evidence for the Shakespearian authorship of the Yorkshire Tragedy cannot be impugned, and in the absence of other authorship cannot be lightly set aside, but he does not abandon the hope of establishing a contrary opinion. Both Mr Fleay and Professor A. W. Ward (Eng. Dram. Lit. ii. p. 182) seem to think that the story of Marina in Pericles was a complete original play by Shakespeare, and that the remodelling story should be reversed, i.e. that Pericles is a Shakespearian play remodelled by a playwright, possibly Wilkins. Mr Lee (Dict. Nat. Biog., Art. “Wilkins”) says the Yorkshire Tragedy was “fraudulently” assigned to Shakespeare by Thomas Pavier, the publisher.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Wilkins, Mary Eleanor

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​WILKINS, MARY ELEANOR (1862), American novelist, was born in Randolph, Massachusetts, on the 7th of January 1862, of Puritan ancestry. Her early education, chiefly from reading and observation, was supplemented by a course at Mount Holyoke Seminary, South Hadley, Mass. Her home was in her native village and in Brattleboro, Vermont, until her marriage in 1902 to Dr Charles M. Freeman of Metuchen, New Jersey. She contributed poems and stories to children's magazines, and published several books for children, including Young Lucretia and other Stories (1892), The Pot of Gold and other Stories (1892), and Once upon a Time and other Child Verses (1897). For older readers she wrote the following volumes of short stories: A Humble Romance and other Stories (1887), A New England Nun and other Stories (1891), Silence and other Stories (1898), three books which gave her a prominent place among American short-story writers; The People of Our Neighborhood (1898), The Love of Parson Lord and other Stories (1900), Understudies (1901) and The Givers (1904); the novels Jane Field (1892), Pembroke (1894), Madelon (1896), Jerome, a Poor Man (1897), The Jamesons (1899), The Portion of Labor (1901) and The Debtor (1905); and Giles Corey, Yeoman (1895), a prose tragedy founded on incidents from New England history. Her longer novels, though successful in the portrayal of character, lack something of the unity, suggestiveness and charm of her short stories, which are notable contributions to modern American literature. She deals usually with a few traits peculiar to the village and country life of New England, and she gave literary permanence to certain characteristics of New England life which are fast disappearing.