OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/trocken

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry trocken. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ trocken, adjective ‘dry, barren,’ from the equivalent Middle High German trocken, trucken (truchen), Old High German trochan (trucchan); compare Old Saxon drucno, drocno, ‘dry.’ Corresponding to the equivalent Low German dreuge, Dutch droog (compare Droge, to which Dutch droogte, ‘dryness,’ is allied), Anglo-Saxon drŷge, English dry (allied to drought), which are derived from cognate roots. With the Teutonic root drū̆k, drū̆g, draug, ‘to be dry,’ is also connected Old Icelandic draugr, ‘dry wood.’ A pre-Teutonic root dkrū̆ḳ (dhrū̆g) has not yet been found in the other Aryan languages.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/trotz

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry trotz. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ trotz, preposition, ‘in spite of,’ is based on the Middle High German interjection tratz (trotz), ‘I defy you.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/trunken

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry trunken. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ trunken, adjective, ‘drunken, intoxicated,’ from the equivalent Middle High German trunken, Old High German trunchan. An old participle without the prefix ge (see feist), and with an active sense too, ‘he who has drunk’ (compare Latin potus), then ‘he who has drunk immoderately’; similarly Dutch dronken, English drunk, and Gothic drugkans.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/tunken

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry tunken. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ tunken, verb, ‘to dip, steep, soak,’ from Middle High German tunken, dunken, Old High German tunchôn, dunchôn, weak verb, ‘to immerse.’ The Old High German variant thunkôn leads to a Gothic *þugkôn, which must be allied to Latin tingere, ‘to moisten, dip,’ and to Greek τέγγω, ‘to soften, moisten.’ Hence tunken cannot be connected with tauchen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/trösten

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry trösten. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ trösten, verb, ‘to comfort, console,’ from the equivalent Middle High German trœsten, Old High German trôsten (*traustjan).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/erinnern

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/erinnern | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ erinnern, vb., ‘to remind, admonish,’ (refl.) ‘to recollect, remember,’ from MidHG. innern, inren, ‘to remind, inform, instruct,’ akin to inner.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/erschüttern

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/erschüttern | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ erschüttern, see Schutt.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/ergötzen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/ergötzen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ ergötzen, ergetzen, vb., ‘to delight,’ from MidHG. ergętzen, ‘to cause to forget (espec. grief), compensate for’; factitive of MidHG. ergeȥȥen, ‘to forget.’ See vergessen. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/erhaben

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/erhaben | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ erhaben, adj., ‘sublime, exalted, superior to,’ from the equiv. MidHG. erhaben, which is properly a partic. of MidHG. erhęben, ‘to raise aloft.’ —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/ersticken

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/ersticken | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ ersticken, vb., ‘to stifle, choke,’ from MidHG. ersticken, intrans., ‘to be stifled,’ and erstecken, trans., ‘to stifle.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/erst

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/erst | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ erst, adj., ‘first,’ from MidHG. êrst, OHG. êrist, ‘the first’; corresponding to OSax. êrist, AS. œ̂rest, ‘the first’; superlat. of the compar. form cited under eher. Goth. airis, adv., formerly,’ airiza, ‘predecessor, ancestor,’ OHG. êriro (êrro), ‘predecessor’; the positive is preserved in Goth. air. adv., ‘early,’ AS. œ̂r, adj. adv., ‘early,’ OIc. ár, adv., ‘early’ (OHG. êr-acchar, ‘‘awake early’). Probably the stem air-, on which the word was based, was used orig. like früh, only of the hours of the day. It is connected most probably with Gr. ἦρς, ‘early in the morning.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/erlauben

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/erlauben | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ erlauben, earlier erleuben, vb., ‘to allow, permit, grant,’ from MidHG. erlouben (erleuben), OHG. irlouben (irlouppen), ‘to allow’; comp. Goth. uslaubjan, ‘to permit, grant,’ AS. âlŷfan. The original meaning of erlauben, like that of glauben, is ‘to approve,’ which is also inherent in the Teut. root lub, upon which the word is based (comp. Lob, lieb, Glaube, which are connected by gradation of the root lub, liub, laub). An old abstract of erlauben appears in ModHG. Urlaub.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/erlaucht

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/erlaucht | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ erlaucht, adj., ‘illustrious, noble,’ from MidHG. erliuht (with a MidG. vowel erlûht), ‘illuminated, famous’; a partic. of erliuhten. See leuchten and Durchlaut.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/erobern

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/erobern | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ erobern, vb., ‘to conquer, win,’ from MidHG. er-obern, ‘to excel, conquer,’ allied to ober, über. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/erquicken

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/erquicken | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ erquicken, vb., ‘to revive, refresh,’ from the equiv. MidHG. erquicken, ‘to reanimate, wake from the dead,’ OHG. ir-quicchan; allied to keck, Quecksilber, verquicken. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Vogt

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Vogt. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Vogt, masculine, ‘overseer, steward, bailiff,’ from Middle High German vogt, voget, Old High German fógat (*fogā́t), masculine; from Middle Latin vocâtus, with the pronunciation of the Latin v like f, as in Vers, Vesper (compare Käfig). The Middle Latin term is for advocatus (whence Old High German pfogát); compare French avoué, ‘defender of a church or abbey, attorney.’ Middle Latin advocatus signified literally ‘legal assistant,’ whence the meanings ‘guardian’ (Middle High German and Modern High German dialectic) and ‘patron, protector.’ Middle High German voget denotes also ‘the protector of the Romish Church, King or Emperor of Rome, king and ruler (generally),’ and further ‘governor, legal official.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Volk

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Volk. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Volk, neuter, ‘people, nation, soldiery, troops,’ from the equivalent Middle High German volc (k), Old High German folc, neuter (rarely masculine); corresponding to Old Saxon folk, Dutch volk, Anglo-Saxon folc, English folk; Old Icelandic fólk, ‘people, troops, detachment.’ The latter seems to be the primary meaning, from which Lithuanian pulkas, ‘heap, crowd,’ and Old Slovenian plŭkŭ, ‘troops,’ are borrowed. The connection of the word with Latin vulgus is uncertain, for it is very dubious whether the Latin word and the Teutonic cognates can be based on a primary form, qelgos, qolgos.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Vließ

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Vließ. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Vließ, see Flies.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Waare

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Waare. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Waare, see Ware.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Wachholder

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Wachholder. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Wachholder, masculine, ‘juniper, gin’; the word has attained its present form by many inorganic changes; it is based on the equivalent Old High German wëhhalturia (Middle High German wëcheltürre) and wëhhœltar (Middle High German wëcholter); in Middle High German also wachalter, quëckolter, rëckholter in represented by the modern Alemannian form Reckholder). Holunder and Maßholder show that the derivative syllable is MidHigh German -ter; as in the case of Maßholder, the final syllables were changed to Holder, equivalent to Holunder. The signification of the l derivative, Old High German *wëhhal, ‘juniper’ (also wëhhan- in dialectic Wachandel), is entirety inexplicable.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Vormund

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Vormund. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Vormund, masculine, ‘guardian, tutor,’ from Middle High German vormunt (d), also vormunde, vormünde, masculine, ‘intercessor, protector, guardian,’ Old High German foramunto, masculine, ‘intercessor.’ Allied to Mund (2), under which another equivalent word is mentioned (compare also Vogt).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Waberlohe

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Waberlohe. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Waberlohe, feminine, ‘flickering flame,’ formed like the equivalent Old Icelandic vafrlogi.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Vogel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Vogel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Vogel, masculine, ‘bird, fowl,’ from the equivalent Middle High German vogel, Old High German fogal, masculine; a common Teutonic term; compare Gothic fugls, Anglo-Saxon fugol. English fowl, Dutch vogel, Old Saxon fugal, masculine, ‘bird.’ This specifically Teutonic word has no exact correspondence in non-Teutonic. Teutonic fugla- is perhaps derived from the Teutonic root flug, ‘to fly,’ thus connecting the word with Geflügel (for which gevügele occurs, however, in Middle High German) as the collective of Vogel. Others prefer to connect it with Fuchs, which is regarded as ‘the animal with a tail.’ There is no term in Teutonic corresponding to Latin avis, Sanscrit vi, ‘bird.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Wabe

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Wabe. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Wabe, feminine, ‘honeycomb,’ from the equivalent Middle High German wabe, masculine and feminine (waben, masculine) Old High German waba, feminine (wabo, masculine); literally perhaps ‘texture,’ allied to weben. It is scarcely connected with Latin favus. Allied also to Waffel.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zuhand

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry zuhand. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zuhand, adverb, ‘at once, immediately,’ from the equivalent Middle High German zehant, literally ‘at hand.’ In German many adverbial expressions are formed from the word Hand, — abhanden, vorhanden, allerhand; compare zufrieden.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zuletzt

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry zuletzt. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zuletzt, adverb, ‘finally, ultimately,’ from Middle High German ze lęȥȥist, ze lęste, Old High German zi lęȥȥist; compare letzt.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zurecht

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry zurecht. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zurecht, adverb, ‘in order, aright,’ from Middle High German ze rëhte, Old High German zi rëhte, ‘aright’; compare Low German te rechte (see Recht).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zu Thal

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry zu Thal. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zu Thal (of rivers, ‘down-stream’) from the equivalent Middle High German ze tal, ‘down’ (compare Gothic dalaþ, ‘downwards’); in opposition to zu Berg (see Berg) ‘upwards.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zufrieden

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry zufrieden. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zufrieden, adverb and adjective, ‘contented, satisfied,’ Modern High German only; originally only an adverb formed by the combination of the preposition zu and the dative of the substantive Friede. Hence the original meaning of zufrieden is ‘in peace, quietly, protection.’ In Middle High German mit vride (compare abhanden, behende) was the equivalent expression.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zugleich

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry zugleich. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zugleich, adverb, ‘at the same time, together,’ Modern High German only, implying Middle High German *ze gelîche, ‘in the same manner’ (see gleich).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zuerst

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry zuerst. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zuerst, adverb, ‘at first, firstly, in the first place,’ from the equivalent Middle High German ze êrest, zêrest, Old High German zi êrist, zêrist, ‘at first, for the first time’; compare erst.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zunichte

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry zunichte. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zunichte, adverb, ‘ruined, undone,’ in the phrases zunichte, werden, ‘to be ruined,’ zunichte machen, ‘to ruin, destroy,’ from Middle High German ze nihte, ‘to nothing’; see nicht.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zupfen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry zupfen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zupfen, verb, ‘to pull, pluck,’ Modern High German only, earlier Modern High German zopfen; denominative from Zopf; hence zupfen means literally ‘to drag by the hair’?.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zumal

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry zumal. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zumal, adverb, ‘especially, particularly,’ from Middle High German and Old High German ze mâle, ‘at the point of time, forthwith, immediately’; compare Mal.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/schnauben

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/schnauben | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ schnauben, vb., ‘to snort,’ from MidHG. (MidG.) snûben, ‘to snore’; comp. Du. snuiven, ‘to snort.’ From the ​corresponding Du. snûven is usually derived ModHG. schnaufeu, which, however, may come from MidHG. snûfen, ‘to snuff.’ The Teut. root is snupp, snū̆f, snū̆b. Comp. Schnupfen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/schnappen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/schnappen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ schnappen, vb., ‘to snap, snatch,’ from MidHG. (MidG.) snappen, ‘to snap, chatter.’ The latter, like Du. snappen (E. to snap), is an intensive of MidHG. snaben, ‘to snap, snort’; allied to the root snab contained in Schnabel. — ModHG. schnappen (dial.), ‘to limp,’ MidHG. snappen, ‘to stumble,’ is etymologically distinct from this verb.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/schneiteln

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/schneiteln | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ schneiteln, schneideln, vb., ‘to lop, prune,’ from late MidHG. (also sneiten), ‘to strip of the branches.’ Allied to schneiden.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/schnell

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/schnell | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ schnell, adj., ‘quick, speedy, hasty,’ from MidHG. snël (ll), adj., ‘quick, nimble, brave,’ OHG. snël (ll); comp. OSax. and AS. snël (ll), ‘fresh, energetic, courageous,’ Scotch snell, ‘bitter’ (comp. E. keen in the same sense, ModHG. kühn), Du. snel, OIc. snjallr, ‘eloquent, capable, brave.’ The earlier meaning (comp. the ModHG.), was much more general, equiv. perhaps to ‘capable’; comp. bald. This common Teut. adj., unknown only to Goth., passed into Rom.; comp. the cognates of Ital. snello, ‘quick, lively.’ The origin of the Teut. adj. is obscure. — Comp. Schnalle. ModHG. schnellen, vb., ‘to jerk, toss,’ from MidHG. snellen (pret. snalte), ‘to send off with a jerk; move on rapidly.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/schniegeln

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/schniegeln | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ schniegeln, vb., ‘to trim up, dress smartly,’ ModHG. only, allied to a dial. Schniegel, ‘adornment, finery’; unknown to the older dials. Of obscure origin.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/schnarchen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/schnarchen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ schnarchen, vb., ‘to snore, snort,’ from the equiv. MidHG. snarchen, snarcheln; allied to MidHG. snarren, ‘to rattle, crash,’ like hor-chen to hören. Comp. Du. snorken, ‘to snore, chatter, boast’; also MidE. snun-ten, ‘to snore,’ with a different intensive suffix, E. to snort (comp. MidHG. snar-z, ‘twittering of the swallow,’ also an abusive epithet), and without a suffix MidE. snorin (AS. *snorian), E. to snore. From the root snar numerous terms have been formed in imitation of sound (see also schnarren and schnurren); comp. Du. snorren, ‘to hum, whiz, chirp,’ E. to snarl, and snurls, ‘nostrils,’ and in the non-Teut. languages perhaps Lith. snarglýs, ‘snot.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/schneien

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/schneien | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ schneien, see Schnee.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/schnarren

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/schnarren | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ schnarren, vb., ‘to rattle, drone,’ from MidHG. snarren, ‘to rattle, crash, chatter’; see the preceding word. — To this is allied Schnarre, ‘landrail,’ ModHG. only, in MidHG. snarz, ‘landrail.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/schneuzen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/schneuzen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ schneuzen, vb., ‘to blow one's nose, snuff (a candle),’ from the equiv. MidHG. sniuzen, OHG. snûzen; comp. the equiv. Du. snuiten; OIc. snýta. To this Schnauze is allied. The Teut. root snût appears as snutt in MidHG. snuz, ‘clogging of the ​nose,’ Du. snot, ‘snot’ (snottolf, ‘snotty nose’), AS. snot (tt), E. snot. Allied to a Teut. root snū̆þ, in MidHG. snudel, snuder, ‘stoppage of the nose,’ MidHG. and OHG. snûden, ‘to snort, snore.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/schnattern

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/schnattern | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ schnattern, vb., ‘cackle, gabble, chatter,’ from MidHG. snateren, ‘to cackle, croak (of frogs), clatter (of storks), chatter’; comp. Du. snater, ‘beak,’ snateren, ‘to chatter, boast.’ The stem is not found elsewhere.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/versiegen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry versiegen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ versiegen, verb, ‘to dry up,’ Modern High German only; allied to Middle High German sîgen, Old High German sîgan, strong verb, ‘to fall, sink, flow, trickle’ (see seihen, sickern); versiegen, literally ‘to flow out or away.’ —