OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# United States Statutes at Large/Volume 5/24th Congress/1st Session/Chapter 41

Chap. XLI.—An Act authorizing a special term of the Court of Appeals, for the Territory of Florida, and for other purposes.
Special term on the first Monday in May.Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That a special term of the court of appeals, for the Territory of Florida, shall be holden at Tallahasse, the seat of Government of said Territory, on the first Monday in May next, and all appeals, writs of error, motions, and suits, depending or returnable to the last January term, shall be heard and decided at the special term herein appointed, in the same manner as they might have been, under the existing laws if the January term had been holden according to law.
Special terms may be appointed.Sec. 2. Be it further enacted, That when, by the death, sickness, or inability to attend, of any of the judges, or any other cause, the regular terms of said court shall not be holden, it shall and may be lawful for the judges thereof to appoint a special term.
County of Franklin to be added to the middle judicial district.Sec. 3. Be it further enacted, That the county of Franklin, in the Territory of Florida, shall be added to, and form a part of the middle judicial district of said Territory, and it shall be the duty of the judge of said middle district to hold two regular terms of the superior court, at the town of Apalachicola, commencing on the second Mondays of April and November, and special terms at such other periods, as may be required by business, and not interfere with the business of said court in other counties.
Sec. 4. Be it further enacted, That there shall only be one term of the superior court holden for the counties of Madison and Hamilton, in each year.
Approved, February 25, 1836.
# United States Statutes at Large/Volume 5/24th Congress/1st Session/Chapter 43

Chap. XLIII.—An Act authorizing the Secretary of War to transfer a part of the appropriation for the suppression of Indian hostilities in Florida, to the credit of subsistence.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of War ​is hereby authorized to transfer so much of the appropriation for the suppression of Indian hostilities in Florida, to the credit of subsistence, as may have been taken from the latter fund, for the former purpose.
Approved, March 19, 1836.
# United States Statutes at Large/Volume 5/24th Congress/1st Session/Chapter 48

Chap. XLVIII.—An Act to suspend the operation of the second proviso, third section of “An act making appropriations for the civil and diplomatic expenses of Government for the year one thousand eight hundred and thirty-five.”
Act of March 3, 1835, ch. 30.Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That so much of the third section of the act, entitled “An act making appropriations for the civil and diplomatic expenses of Government for the year 1835,” as provides “that the whole number of custom-house officers in the United States on the 1st of January, 1834, shall not be increased until otherwise allowed by Congress,”1836, ch. 353, § 12. be, and the same is hereby suspended to the end of the present session of Congress.
Approved, April 9, 1836.
# United States Shipping Board Merchant Fleet Corporation v. Rhodes O'Connor

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
297 U.S. 383
United States Shipping Board Merchant Fleet Corporation v. Rhodes O'Connor
Argued: and Submitted Feb. 14, 1936. --- Decided: March 2, 1936
Mr. George P. Barse, of Washington, D.C., for the petitioners O'connor and others.
Messrs. Stanley F. Reed, of Washington, D.C., and Homer S.C.ummings, Atty. Gen., for petitioners United States Shipping Board Merchant Fleet Corporation and others.
Mr. Hugh H. Obear, of Washington, D.C., for respondent.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# United States Shipping Board Merchant Fleet Corporation v. Harwood

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United States Supreme Court
281 U.S. 519
United States Shipping Board Merchant Fleet Corporation v. Harwood
Argued: April 16, 1930. --- Decided: May 19, 1930
The Attorney General and Mr. Claude R. Branch, of Providence, R. I., for petitioner.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 520-521 intentionally omitted]
Messrs. Frederick H. Wood and Herbert B. Lee, both of New York City, for respondents.
Mr. Justice STONE delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# United States Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation v. Sullivan

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* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
261 U.S. 146
United States Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation v. Sullivan
Argued: Jan. 4, 1923. --- Decided: Feb 19, 1923
Mr. Solicitor General Beck, of Washington, D. C., for petitioner and plaintiff in error.
Mr. Samuel Scoville, Jr., of Philadelphia, Pa., for defendant in error and respondent.
Mr. Justice McREYNOLDS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# United States Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation v. Western Union Telegraph Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
275 U.S. 415
United States Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation v. Western Union Telegraph Company
Argued: Dec. 2-5, 1927. --- Decided: Jan 3, 1928
The Attorney General and Mr. Gardner P. Lloyd, of New York City, for petitioner.
Messrs. John W. Davis and Francis R. Stark, both of New York City, and Paul E. Lesh, of Washington, D. C., for respondent.
Mr. Justice BRANDEIS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# United States v. Butler County Railroad Company

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* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
234 U.S. 29
United States v. Butler County Railroad Company
Argued: April 13, 1914. --- Decided: May 25, 1914
Mr. Blackburn Esterline, Special Assistant to the Attorney General, Solicitor General Davis, and Mr. Karl W. Kirchwey for the United States.
Messrs. Charles W. Needham and Joseph W. Folk for the Interstate Commerce Commission.
Messrs. William A. Glasgow, Jr., and James M. Beck for appellee.
[Argument of Counsel from page 30 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice Day delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# United States v. Butt

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* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
254 U.S. 38
United States v. Butt
Argued: Oct. 18, 1920. --- Decided: Nov 8, 1920
Messrs. Assistant Attorney General Stewart and Harry S. Ridgely, of Washington, D. C., for the United States.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 38-40 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice McKENNA delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# United States v. Butler (297 U.S. 1)

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* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
United States v. Butler, 297 U.S. 1 (1936), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the processing taxes instituted under the 1933 Agricultural Adjustment Act were unconstitutional. Justice Owen Roberts argued that the tax was "but a means to an unconstitutional end" that violated the Tenth Amendment. Warning: template has been deprecated.

## Dissenting Opinion

    Stone
United States Supreme Court
297 U.S. 1
United States v. Butler
Argued: Dec. 9, 10, 1935. --- Decided: Jan 6, 1936
[Syllabus from pages 1-13 intentionally omitted]
Messrs. Homer S.C.ummings, Atty. Gen., and Stanley F. Reed, Sol. Gen., of Washington, D.C., for the United States.
Messrs. George Wharton Pepper, of Philadelphia, Pa., and Edward R. Hale and Bennett Sanderson, both of Boston, Mass., for respondents.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 13-53 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice ROBERTS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# United States v. Butterworth-Judson Corporation

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "United States v. Butterworth-Judson Corporation."
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This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* United States v. Butterworth-Judson Corporation (267 U.S. 387)
* United States v. Butterworth-Judson Corporation (269 U.S. 504)
# United States v. Butler

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "United States v. Butler."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* United States v. Butler (297 U.S. 1), ( 80 L.Ed. 477 ), ( 56 S.Ct. 312 )
* United States v. Butler (??? U.S. ???), ( ?? L.Ed. ??? ), ( ?? S.Ct. ??? )
   * listing incomplete
# How to Use Your Mind/Examinations

Layout 2
CHAPTER XIV EXAMINATIONS
One of the most vexatious periods of student life is examination time. This is almost universally a time of great distress, giving rise in extreme cases to conditions of nervous collapse. The reason for this is not far to seek, for upon the results of examinations frequently depend momentous consequences, such as valuable appointments, diplomas, degrees and other important events in the life of a student. In view of the importance of examinations, then, it is natural that they be regarded with considerable fear and trepidation, and it is important that we devise what rules we can for meeting their exactious demands with greatest ease and effectiveness.
Examinations serve several purposes, the foremost of which is to inform the examiner ​Page:Harry Dexter Kitson - How to Use Your Mind, 2d ed. - (1921).djvu/217 ​Page:Harry Dexter Kitson - How to Use Your Mind, 2d ed. - (1921).djvu/218 ​Page:Harry Dexter Kitson - How to Use Your Mind, 2d ed. - (1921).djvu/219 ​Page:Harry Dexter Kitson - How to Use Your Mind, 2d ed. - (1921).djvu/220 ​Page:Harry Dexter Kitson - How to Use Your Mind, 2d ed. - (1921).djvu/221 ​Page:Harry Dexter Kitson - How to Use Your Mind, 2d ed. - (1921).djvu/222 ​Page:Harry Dexter Kitson - How to Use Your Mind, 2d ed. - (1921).djvu/223 ​Page:Harry Dexter Kitson - How to Use Your Mind, 2d ed. - (1921).djvu/224 ​Page:Harry Dexter Kitson - How to Use Your Mind, 2d ed. - (1921).djvu/225 ​Page:Harry Dexter Kitson - How to Use Your Mind, 2d ed. - (1921).djvu/226 ​coherently and forcefully. Fortified by the consciousness of faithful application throughout the work of a course, reinforced by a thorough, well-planned review, and with a firm conviction in the strength of your own powers, you may approach your examinations with comparative ease and with good chances of passing them creditably.
READINGS AND EXERCISE
Readings: Adams (1) Chapter X. Dearborn (2) Chapter II.
Exercise 1. Make a schedule of your examinations for the next examination week. Show exactly what preparatory steps you will take (a) before coming to the examination room, (b) after entering it.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Airay, Henry

See also Henry Airay on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​AIRAY, HENRY (1560?–1616), English Puritan divine, was born at Kentmere, Westmorland, but no record remains of the date of either birth or baptism. He was the son of William Airay, the favourite servant of Bernard Gilpin, “the apostle of the North,” whose bounty showed itself in sending Henry and his brother Evan (or Ewan) to his own endowed school, where they were educated “in grammatical learning,” and were in attendance at Oxford when Gilpin died. From Wood’s Athenae we glean the details of Airay’s college attendance. “He was sent to St Edmund’s hall in 1579, aged nineteen or thereabouts. Soon after he was translated to Queen’s College, where he became pauper puer serviens; that is, a poor serving child that waits on the fellows in the common hall at meals, and in their chambers, and does other servile work about the college.” His transference to Queen’s is perhaps explained by its having been Gilpin’s college, and by his Westmorland origin giving him a claim on Eaglesfield’s foundation. He graduated B.A. on the 19th of June 1583, M.A. on the 15th of June 1586, B.D. in 1594 and D.D. on the 17th of June 1600—all in Queen’s College. “About the time he was master” (1586) “he entered holy orders, and became frequent and zealous preacher in the university.” His Commentary on the Epistle to the Philippians (1618, reprinted 1864) is a specimen of his preaching before his college, and of his fiery denunciation of popery and his fearless enunciation of that Calvinism which Oxford in common with all England then prized. In 1598 he was chosen provost of his college, and in 1606 was vice-chancellor of the university. In the discharge of his vice-chancellor’s duties he came into conflict with Laud, who even thus early was manifesting his antagonism to the prevailing Puritanism.
He was also rector of Otmore (or Otmoor), near Oxford, a living which involved him in a trying but successful litigation, whereof later incumbents reaped the benefit. He died on the 6th of October 1616. His character as a man, preacher, divine, and as an important ruler in the university, will be found portrayed in the Epistle by John Potter, prefixed to the Commentary. He must have been a fine specimen of the more cultured Puritans—possessed of a robust common-sense in admirable contrast with some of his contemporaries.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Aird, Thomas

See also Thomas Aird on Wikipedia; Aird, Thomas in DNB; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​AIRD, THOMAS (1802–1876), Scottish poet, was born at Bowden, Roxburghshire, on the 28th of August 1802. He was educated at Edinburgh University, where he made the acquaintance of Carlyle and James Hogg, and he decided to devote himself to literary work. He published Martzoufle, a Tragedy, with other Poems (1826), a volume of essays, and a long narrative poem in several cantos, The Captive of Fez (1830). For a year he edited the Edinburgh Weekly Journal, and for twenty-eight years the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Herald. In 1848 he published a collected edition of his poems, which met with much favour. Carlyle said that he found in them “a healthy breath as of mountain breezes.” Among Aird’s other friends were De Quincey, Lockhart, Stanley (afterwards dean of Westminster) and Motherwell. He died at Dumfries on the 25th of April 1876.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Airdrie

See also Airdrie, North Lanarkshire on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​AIRDRIE, a municipal and police burgh of Lanarkshire, Scotland. Pop. (1901) 22,228. It is situated 11 m. E. of Glasgow by the North British railway, and also communicates with Glasgow by the Monkland Canal (which passes within 1 m. of the town), as well as by the Caledonian railway via Coatbridge and Whifflet. The canal was constructed between 1761 and 1790, and connects with the Forth and Clyde Canal near Maryhill. Airdrie was a market town in 1695, but owes its prosperity to the great coal and iron beds in its vicinity. Other industries include iron and brass foundries, engineering, manufactures of woollens and calicoes, silk-weaving, paper-making, oil and fireclay. The public buildings comprise the town hall, county buildings, mechanics’ institute, academy, two fever hospitals and free library, the burgh having been the first town in Scotland to adopt the Free Library Act. Airdrie unites with, Falkirk, Hamilton, Lanark and Linlithgow in sending one member to parliament. The parish of New Monkland, in which Airdrie lies, was formed (with Old Monkland)in 1640 out of the ancient barony of Monkland, so named from the fact that it was part of the lands granted by Malcolm IV. to the monks of Newbattle.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Air

See also Atmosphere of Earth on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​AIR (from an Indo-European root meaning “breathe,” “blow”), the atmosphere that surrounds the earth; Gr. ἀήρ, the lower thick air, being distinguished from αἰθήρ, the upper pure air. With the development of analytical and especially of pneumatic chemistry, the air was recognized not to be one homogeneous substance, as was long supposed, and different “airs,” or gases, came to be distinguished. Thus oxygen gas, at the end of the 18th century, was known as dephlogisticated air, nitrogen or azote as phlogisticated air, hydrogen as inflammable air, carbonic acid gas as fixed air. The name is now ordinarily restricted to what is more accurately called atmospheric air—the air we breathe—the invisible elastic fluid which surrounds the earth (see Atmosphere). Probably the sense of atmosphere or environment led (though this is disputed by etymologists) to the further use of the word “air” to mean “manner” or “appearance”; and so to its employment (cf. Lat. modus) in music for “melody.” (See Aria.)
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Aire (Landes)

See also Aire-sur-l'Adour on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​AIRE, a town of south-western France, in the department of Landes, on the left bank of the Adour, 22 m. S.E. of Mont-de-Marsan on the Southern railway between Morcenx and Tarbes. Pop. (1906) 2283. It is the seat of a bishopric, and has a cathedral of the 12th century and an episcopal palace of the 11th, 17th and 18th centuries. Both have undergone frequent restoration. They are surpassed in interest by the church of St Quitterie in Mas d’Aire, the suburb south-west of the town. The latter is a brick building of the 13th and 14th centuries, with a choir in the Romanesque style, and a fine western portal which has been much disfigured. The crypt contains several Gallo-Roman tombs and the sarcophagus (5th century) of St Quitterie. Aire has two ecclesiastical seminaries.
Aire (Atura, Vicus Julii) was the residence of the kings of the Visigoths, one of whom, Alaric II. (q.v.), there drew up his famous code. The bishopric dates from the 5th century.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Air-Gun

See also Air gun on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​AIR-GUN, a gun in which the force employed to propel the bullet is the elasticity of compressed atmospheric air. It has attached to it, or constructed in it, a reservoir of compressed air, a portion of which, liberated into the space behind the bullet when the trigger is pulled, propels the bullet from the barrel by its expansion. The common forms of air-gun, which are merely toys, are charged by compressing a spiral spring, one end of which forms a piston working in a cylinder; when released by a pull on the trigger, this spring expands, and the air forced out in front of it propels the bullet. Air-guns of this kind are sometimes made to resemble walking-sticks and are then known as air-canes.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Aire (Pas-De-Calais)

See also Aire-sur-la-Lys on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​AIRE, a town of northern France, on the river Lys, in the department of Pas-de-Calais, 12 m. S.S.E. of St Omer by rail. Pop. (1906) 4258. The town lies in a low and marshy situation at the junction of three canals. The chief buildings are the church of St Pierre (15th and 16th centuries), which has an imposing tower and rich interior decoration; a hôtel de ville of the 18th century; and the Bailliage (16th century), a small building in the Renaissance style. Aire has flour-mills, leather and oil works, and nail manufactories, and trade in agricultural produce.
In the middle ages Aire belonged to the counts of Flanders, from whom in 1188 it received a charter, which is still extant. It was given to France by the peace of Utrecht 1713.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Airey, Richard Airey

See also Richard Airey, 1st Baron Airey on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​AIREY, RICHARD AIREY, Baron (1803–1881), British general, was the son of Lieutenant-General Sir George Airey (1761–1833) and was born in 1803. He entered the army in 1821, became captain in 1825, and served on the staff of Sir Frederick Adam in the Ionian Islands (1827–1830) and on that of Lord Aylmer in North America (1830–1832). In 1838 Airey, then a lieutenant-colonel, went to the Horse Guards, Where in 1852 he became military secretary to the commander-in-chief, Lord Hardinge. In 1854 he was given a brigade command in the army sent out to the East; from which, however, he was immediately transferred to the onerous and difficult post of quartermaster-general to Lord Raglan, in which capacity he served through the campaign in the Crimea. He was made a major-general in December 1854, and it was universally recognized in the army that he was the best soldier on Lord Raglan’s staff. He was made a K.C.B., and was reported upon most favourably by his superiors, Lord Raglan and Sir J. Simpson. Airey was a quartermaster-general in the older sense of the word, i.e. a chief of the general staff, but a different view of the duties of the office was then becoming recognized. Public opinion held him and his department responsible for the failures and mismanagement of the commissariat. Airey demanded an inquiry on his return to England and cleared himself completely, but he never recovered from the effects of the unjust persecution of which he had been made the victim, though the popular view was not shared by his military superiors. He gave up his post at the front to become quartermaster-general to the forces at home. In 1862 he was promoted lieutenant-general, and from 1865 to 1870 he was governor of Gibraltar, receiving the G.C.B. in 1867. In 1870 he became adjutant-general at headquarters, and in 1871 attained the full rank of general. In 1876, on his retirement, he was created a peer, and in 1879–1880 he presided over the celebrated Airey commission on army reform. He died at the house of Lord Wolseley, at Leatherhead, on the 14th of September 1881.