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# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Cornelius Hazart

From volume 7 of the work.
Controversialist, orator, and writer, b. 28 October, 1617, at Oudenarde in the Netherlands; entered the Society of Jesus, 24 Sept., 1634; d. 25 October, 1690, at Antwerp. He was ordained priest, 6 April, 1647, at Louvain, where he had already the reputation of perfectus orator; was professed on 1 Nov., 1651; and preached during a period of thirty-six years, for a time at Dunkirk and Brussels, permanently at Antwerp. Hazart's life, apart from the duties of his pastoral office, was almost exclusively taken up with the struggle against the Calvinists of the Low Countries. There were times when his activities extended beyond the frontiers of his native country, as was shown by his "Epistola ad Langravium Hassiæ-Rheinfeldtium". This conflict was waged in part from the pulpit. He delivered at the church of the professed house at Antwerp, a series of sermons on controverted questions, and some of these he preached in the open market-place, before the numerous Calvinists who were assembled there for the festivities held in connection with church dedication services. His forte, however, lay rather in the domain of literary endeavour. Sommervogel enumerates about ninety writings of his, chiefly in the Dutch tongue. Among his larger systematized works it is worthwhile to note particularly the "Kerkelijke Historie van de geeheele wereldt" (Universal Church History), 4 vols. (Antwerp, 1667-71). This, although somewhat antiquated, perhaps, as a mission and church history, remains, nevertheless, serviceable to this day; it was translated into high German and added to by other Jesuits, under the title "Kirchengeschichte, das ist katholiches Christendum, durch die ganze Welt verbreitet". All of Hazart's writings are apologetic and polemical in character. They treat of Holy Mass, the Real Presence of Christ in the Blessed Sacrament, the invocation of the saints, the force of good works, auricular confession, extreme unction, purgatory, idolatry, the primacy and infallibility of the pope, the Roman catechism, in short, all of those questions which owing to the attacks of the preachers had become of more special present interest and concern. Next to Holy Writ, Hazart looked preferable to the Fathers of the first four centuries for his proofs. he was quick at refutation, and showed himself a tactician of the highest order, but had the faults of the polemical writers of those tumultuous times. In the case of Schuler, he contented himself with a "Vriendelyke t'saemen-spraek tuschen D. Joannes Schulen Predicant tot Breda ende P. C. Hazart" (A friendly colloquy between John Schuler, preacher of Breda, and P. C. Hazart). The estimation in which his books were held may be gleaned from the number of their new editions and of their translations into the German, from the retorts of his opponents, and from the fact that many of his writings, such as "Triomph de pausen van Roomen" (Triumph of the Roman Pontiffs) gave rise to voluminous literature.
Sommervogel, Bibliothèque de la Compagnie de Jésus, IV, 181-97.
N. SCHIED
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Cormac MacCuilenan

From volume 4 of the work.
(836-908).
An Irish bishop and King of Cashel, Cormac MacCquilenan was of the race of Eoghanact, of Southern Ireland, and in his early years received a good education in one of the Irish schools. He was ordained priest, and afterwards appointed Bishop of Cashel. In the year 900 he became, on account of his descent, King of Cashel, and thus were combined in his person the two offices of spiritual and temporal ruler of Leth Moga, as the southern portion of Ireland was called. The ardri (high king), Flann, assisted by the King of Leinster, led his forces into the Southern Province (906), and was met by the Munstermen under Cormac at Moylena (Tullamore). The ardri suffered a signal defeat. Later on, however (908) Flann, assisted by Ceorbhall, King of Leinster, and Cathal, King of Connaught, returned to the attack, apparently because Cormac, instigated by Flaherty, Abbot of Inniscathay, had claimed tribute from Leinster, and had even signified his intention of assuming the position of ardri. The battle was fought at the present Ballymoon; the Munstermen suffered a complete defeat and Cormac was killed in the battle. An Irish Glossary called "Sanas Chormaic", containing etymologies and explanations of over 1400 Irish words has come down to us. Though, etymologically, the work is of little value, yet on account of the light it throws upon many ancient Irish customs and institutions it is of great importance to the historian. The "Glossary of Cormac" is said to be only a part of the "Saltair Chaisil", also attributed to Cormac. This work, if it ever existed, has disappeared, or, as W. Stokes thinks, it is more likely that at best the "Saltair Chaisil" was only a collection of transcripts of manuscripts from the hands of different writers. The above-mentioned "Sanas Chormaic", or "Cormac's Glossary", was translated and annotated by John O'Donovan and edited by W. Stokes (Calcutta, 1868). See Stokes, "Three Irish Glossaries" (London, 1862).
O'DONOVAN, The Annals of Ireland (Dublin), I, II; O'CURRY, Manuscript Materials of Irish History (Dublin, 1873); O'DONOVAN ed., Books of Rights in Publications of Celtic Society; WEBB, Compendium of Irish Biography (Dublin, 1878); D'ALTON, History of Ireland (Dublin, 1903), I.
James MacCaffrey.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Cornelius

From volume 4 of the work.
(Kornelios)
A centurion of the Italic cohort, whose conversion at Cæsarea with his household is related in Acts 10. The Roman name Cornelius would indicate that he was either a member of the distinguished gens Cornelia, or a descendant of one of its freedmen - most likely the latter. The cohort in which he was centurion was probably the Cohors II Italica civium Romanorum, which a recently discovered inscription proves to have been stationed in Syria before A.D. 69.
The description of Cornelius as "a religious man, and fearing God . . . ., giving much alms to the people" [i.e. the Jews (cf. 10:22)], shows that he was one of those gentiles commonly, though incorrectly, called proselytes of the gate, who worshipped the one true God and observed some of the prescriptions of the Mosaic Law, but who were not affiliated to the Jewish community by circumcision. He was certainly not a full proselyte (Acts 10:28, 34 sq., 45; 11:3).
The baptism of Cornelius is an important event in the history of the Early Church. The gates of the Church, within which thus far only those who were circumcised and observed the Law of Moses had been admitted, were now thrown open to the uncircumcised Gentiles without the obligation of submitting to the Jewish ceremonial laws. The innovation was disapproved by the Jewish Christians at Jerusalem (Acts 11:2, 3); but when Peter had related his own and Cornelius's vision and how the Holy Ghost had come down upon the new converts, opposition ceased (Acts 11:4-18) except on the part of a few extremists. The matter was finally settled at the Council of Jerusalem (Acts 15).
According to one tradition Cornelius became Bishop of Cæsarea; according to another, Bishop of Scepsis in Mysia.
RAMSAY, Cornelius and the Italic Cohort in Expositor (1896), 194 sq.; Acta SS., Feb., I, 279 sq.; BARONIUS, Annales ad an. 41, n. 2; P. G., I, 1049; CXIV, 1287; P. L., XXIII, 265.
F. BECHTEL
# Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Company v. Kelly

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
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United States Supreme Court
241 U.S. 485
Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Company v. Kelly
Argued: April 19 and 20, 1916. --- Decided: June 5, 1916
Messrs. John T. Shelby, John Craig Shelby, and Robert L. Northcutt, H. T. Wickham, Henry Taylor, Jr., Lewis Apperson, E. L. Worthington, W. D. Cochran, Le Wright Browning, David H. Leake, and Walter Leake for plaintiff in error.
Messrs. Edward C. O'Rear, B. G. Williams, and F. W. Clements for defendant in error.
Mr. Justice Pitney delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Company v. Cooper/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Wikipedia article
United States Supreme Court
242 U.S. 670
Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Company v. Cooper
Messrs. E. L. Worthington, W. D. Cochran, and LeWright Browning for plaintiff in error.
Mr. Allan D. Cole for defendant in error.
Dismissed pursuant to the Twenty-eighth Rule, per stipulation of counsel.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Company v. Gainey

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United States Supreme Court
241 U.S. 494
Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Company v. Gainey
Argued: April 19, 1916. --- Decided: June 5, 1916
Messrs. E. L. Worthington, W. D. Cochran, Le Wright Browning, and P. K. Malin for plaintiff in error.
Messrs. R. S. Dinkle, George B. Martin, and Watt M. Prichard for defendant in error.
Mr. Justice Pitney delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Company v. Gainey/Opinion of the Court

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* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Wikipedia article
United States Supreme Court
241 U.S. 494
Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Company v. Gainey
Argued: April 19, 1916. --- Decided: June 5, 1916
This was an action under the employers' liability act of Congress of April 22, 1908, as amended April 5, 1910 (chap. 149, 35 Stat. at L. 65, chap. 143, 36 Stat. at L. 291, Comp. Stat. 1916, § 8862). It was brought to recover damages for the death of Richard Dwyer, caused by the negligence of the railroad company, while he was in its employ in interstate commerce. The sole beneficiary was decedent's widow, who originally qualified as administratrix and brought the action, but has died since the allowance of the present writ of error.
Laying aside a contention based upon the 7th Amendment to the Federal Constitution, which has been disposed of in Minneapolis & St. P. R. Co. v. Bombolis, 241 241 U.S. 211, 60 L. ed. --, 36 Sup. Ct. Rep. 595, the only question raised relates to the method adopted in ascertaining the damages. The jury returned a verdict for $16,000. On appeal to the Kentucky court of appeals it was insisted that this amount was grossly excessive, and was the result of erroneous instructions to the jury. It was contended that the verdict of $16,000 if placed at interest would yield an annual income greater than the amount the widow would have received had she lived, and would yet leave her the principal to dispose of at the time of her death. The court overruled this contention, on the authority of Chesapeake & O. R. Co. v. Kelly, 160 Ky. 296, 169 S. W. 736, where the same court held that in such a case the whole loss is sustained at the time of intestate's death, and is to be included in the verdict without rebate or discount. A reading of the opinion of the court of appeals in the present case (162 Ky. 427, 172 S. W. 918) makes it evident that it was only upon this theory that the court was able to reach a conclusion sustaining the verdict. Since we have held, in Chesapeake & O. R. Co. v. Kelly, this day decided [[[241 U.S. 485]], 60 L. ed. --, 36 Sup. Ct. Rep. 630], that the theory is erroneous, it results that the judgment here under review must be reversed and the cause remanded for further proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion.

## Notes

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# Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Company v. De Atley

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
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United States Supreme Court
241 U.S. 310
Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Company v. De Atley
Argued: and submitted March 10 and 13, 1916. --- Decided: May 22, 1916
Messrs. E. L. Worthington, W. D. Cochran, and Le Wright Browning for plaintiff in error.
Messrs. Allan D. Cole and H. W. Cole for defendant in error.
Mr. Justice Pitney delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2009/Title II
## Subtitle A-Outreach and Enrollment Activites

    SEC. 201. GRANTS AND ENHANCED ADMINISTRATIVE FUNDING FOR OUTREACH AND ENROLLMENT.
    SEC. 202. INCREASED OUTREACH AND ENROLLMENT OF INDIANS.
    SEC. 203. STATE OPTION TO RELY ON FINDINGS FROM AN EXPRESS LANE AGENCY TO CONDUCT SIMPLIFIED ELIGIBILITY DETERMINATIONS.

## Subtitle B-Reducing Barriers to Enrollment

    SEC. 211. VERIFICATION OF DECLARATION OF CITIZENSHIP OR NATIONALITY FOR PURPOSES OF ELIGIBILITY FOR MEDICAID AND CHIP.
    SEC. 212. REDUCING ADMINISTRATIVE BARRIERS TO ENROLLMENT.
    SEC. 213. MODEL OF INTERSTATE COORDINATED ENROLLMENT AND COVERAGE PROCESS.
    SEC. 214. PERMITTING STATES TO ENSURE COVERAGE WITHOUT A 5-YEAR DELAY OF CERTAIN CHILDREN AND PREGNANT WOMEN UNDER THE MEDICAID PROGRAM AND CHIP.
# Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2009/Title III
## Subtitle A--Additional State Option for Providing Premium Assistance

    SEC. 301. ADDITIONAL STATE OPTION FOR PROVIDING PREMIUM ASSISTANCE.
    SEC. 302. OUTREACH, EDUCATION, AND ENROLLMENT ASSISTANCE.

## Subtitle B--Coordinating Premium Assistance With Private Coverage

    SEC. 311. SPECIAL ENROLLMENT PERIOD UNDER GROUP HEALTH PLANS IN CASE OF TERMINATION OF MEDICAID OR CHIP COVERAGE OR ELIGIBILITY FOR ASSISTANCE IN PURCHASE OF EMPLOYMENT-BASED COVERAGE; COORDINATION OF COVERAGE.
# Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2009/Title VI

Subtitle A—Program Integrity and Data Collection
Subtitle B—Miscellaneous Health Provisions
Subtitle C—Other Provisions
# Claims of Marcuard

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United States Supreme Court
87 U.S. 114
Claims of Marcuard
IN these cases, which were several appendages to the case just above reported, and which came here on error or appeal from the Circuit Court for the District of Louisiana, Marcuard, the Citizens' Bank of Louisiana, and the Merchants' Bank of New Orleans, alleged that at the time of filing the information mentioned in the foregoing case as the foundation of the sale which was made of the eight hundred and forty-four lots and ten squares of ground in New Orleans, owned by Slidell, they respectively held liens against the said property. And they were permitted by the courts below to intervene for the protection of their claims. Those courts, however-the District Court first, and the Circuit Court affirming its action-refused to let them take the proceeds of the sale.
On the different writs of error or appeals the question was whether this action was right.
Mr. Thomas Allen Clarke, for the parties appellant or plaintiffs in error, denied that it was.
Mr. C. H. Hill, Assistant Attorney-General, contra.
Mr. Justice STRONG delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Clagett v. Kilbourne

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
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United States Supreme Court
66 U.S. 346
Clagett v. Kilbourne
Writ of error to the District Court of the United States for the district of Iowa.
The case is fully stated in the opinion of the court.
Mr. Dixon, of Iowa, for plaintiff in error.
Mr. Mason, of Iowa, and Mr. Gillet, of Washington city, for defendants in error.
Mr. Justice NELSON.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Claiborne-Annapolis Ferry Company v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
285 U.S. 382
Claiborne-Annapolis Ferry Company v. United States
Argued: Feb. 18, 1932. --- Decided: April 11, 1932
[Syllabus from pages 383-384 intentionally omitted]
Messrs. Philip B. Perlman, of Baltimore, Md., and Jesse I. Miller and George E. Edelin, both of Washington, D. C., for appellant.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 383-385 intentionally omitted]
The Attorney General and Mr. John Lord O'Brian, Asst. to Atty. Gen., for appellees the United States and the Interstate Commerce Commission.
Mr. Jonathan C. Gibson, of Washington, D. C., for appellee Chesapeake Beach Ry. Co.
Mr. Justice McREYNOLDS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Scillium

From volume 13 of the work.
A titular see in Africa Proconsularis, suffragan of Carthage. Perhaps the name should be written Scilium: the real name was possibly Scilli, or better, Scili. On 17 July, 180, six martyrs suffered for the Faith at Scillium; later, a basilica in which St. Augustine preached (Victor Vit., Persecut. Vandal. I, 3, 9; August, Serm. 155, ed. Migne) was dedicated to them (near Douar esh-Shott, west of the town). The Greek version of their Acts, in an addition which is later, says they were natives of "Ischle, Ischle, in Numidia". This name is a Greek transcription of Scillium. The tradition is already recorded in the primitive calendar of Carthage: XVI K. Aug. ss. Scilitanorum (see Martyrolog. Hieronym.", ed. Duchesne and de Rossi, pp. lxx and 92). The Greek compiler intended possibly to speak not of the Province of Numidia, but of the Numidian country and so would have placed Scillium in Proconsular Numidia. In an epitaph of Simitthu, now Chemtou, we read Iscilitana; Simitthu was certainly in Proconsular Numidia, but was Scillium near it? A definitive answer is impossible, and the exact location of Scillium is unknown. Two of its bishops are mentioned: Squillacius, present at the Conference of Carthage, 411; and Pariator, who signed the letter addressed in 646 by the council of the proconsulate to the Patriarch Paul of Constantinople against the Monothelites. The town is mentioned in the seventh century by Georgius Cyprius ("Descriptio orbis romani", 662, ed. Gelzer, Leipzig, 1890, pp. 34, 106) under the name of Schele. Scillium was the native place of St. Cucuphas, martyred at Barcelona (feast on 25 July; cf. Acta SS., July VI, 149), and of St. Felix, martyred at Gerona (feast on 1 August; cf. Acta SS., August, I, 22). Scillium must not be confounded with Silli, or Sililli, in Numidia, the situation of which is unknown nor, as Battandier does ("Annuaire pontifical catholique", Paris, 1910), identified with Kasrin, which is Cillium, a see of Byzantium.
TOULOTTE, Géog. de l'Afrique chrétienne. Proconsulaire (Rennes and Paris, 1892), 235; MONCEAUX, Hist. de l'Afrique chrétienne, I (Paris, 1901), 61 seq.
S. Pétridès.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Scipione Gonzaga

From volume 6 of the work.
Cardinal; b. at Mantua, 11 November, 1542; d. at San Martino, 11 January, 1593. He belonged to the family of the Dukes of Sabbioneta, passed his youth under the care of Cardinal Ercole (Hercules) Gonzaga, and made rapid progress in Greek and Latin studies. At Bologna, and later at Padua, he studied mathematics and philosophy, and, in the latter city, founded the Accademia degli Eterei, or Academy of the Ethereals. Throughout his life he patronized literature and men of letters, among the latter being Tasso, who sought his advice concerning his "Gerusalemme Liberata", and Guarino, who dedicated to him his "Pastor Fido". Having finished his theological studies he went to Rome, became cameriere segreto to Pius IV, and was ordained priest. In the early years of the reign of Gregory XIII Gonzaga had a serious lawsuit with Duke of Mantua over some property, but they were soon reconciled. Through the Guise party, whose cause he had aided, he became Bishop of Mende in France, but, Charles, Duke of Guise, pleaded unsuccessfully with Gregory XIII to have him made cardinal. Sixtus V, immediately on his elevation, appointed him Patriarch of Jerusalem, and in 1587, at the request of the Duke of Mantua, raised him to the cardinalate. Sixtus also made constant use of his services in the execution of his policies, domestic and foreign. Cardinal Gonzaga was a friend of Saint Charles Borromeo and Saint Philip Neri, and his cousin Saint Aloysius Gonzaga owed him eventual consent of his father to his entering the Society of Jesus. For a time Cardinal Gonzaga was governor of the Marquessate of Monferrato in the name of the Marquess Vincenzo. The three books of his "Commentarii", written in polished Latin, are an important source of information for the history of his cardinalate. He was buried in the church of St. Sebastian at Rome. His "Commentarii" were edited at Rome in 1791 by Marotti.
U. BENIGNI
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/St. Alexander (II)

From volume 1 of the work.
​Alexander, Saint, known as "The charcoal burner," was Bishop of Comana, in Pontus, ​Whether he was the first to occupy that see is open to discussion. The Bollandists have also a long paper as to the exact location of Comana as there were several places of that name, but decide for Pontus, near Neo-Cæsarea. The curious name of the saint comes from the fact that he had, out of humility, taken up the work of burning charcoal, so as to escape worldly honours. He is called a philosopher, but it is not certain that the term is to be taken literally. His philosophy consisted rather in his preference of heavenly to earthly things. The discovery of his virtues was due to the very contempt with which he had been regarded. St. Gregory Thaumaturgus had been asked to come to Comana to help select a bishop for that place. As he rejected all the candidates, someone in derision suggested that he might accept Alexander, the charcoal-burner. Gregory took the suggestion seriously, summoned Alexander, and found that he had to do with a saint and a man of great capabilities. Alexander was made bishop of the see, administered it with remarkable wisdom and ultimately gave up his life for the Faith, being burned to death in the persecution of Decius. The vagueness of the information we have about him comes from the fact that his name is not found in any of the old Greek or Roman calendars. He would have been absolutely unknown were it not for a discourse pronounced by St. Gregory of Nyssa, on the life of St. Gregory Thaumaturgus, in which the election of Alexander is incidentally descrlbed. In the modern Roman Martyrology his name occurs, and he is described as a "philosophus disertissimus." His feast is kept on 11 August.
Acta Sanctorum, August I.
T. J. Campbell.