OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Harwich

See also Harwich on Wikipedia; Harwich in the 11th Edition; the Harwich in the 12th Edition; and the disclaimer.
HARWICH, a municipal and parliamentary borough and seaport town of Essex, England, is situated on the extremity of a small peninsula projecting into the estuary of the Stour and Orwell, 70 miles N.E. of London by the Great Eastern Railway. It occupies an elevated situation, and a good view is obtained from Beacon Hill at the southern end of the esplanade. The town is somewhat irregularly built, but the streets though narrow are well paved. It is defended by a redoubt mounted with heavy guns and by three martello towers. The only public building of importance is the church of St Nicholas, an edifice of white brick in the Perpendicular style, with stone buttresses and steeple, erected in 1821 at a cost of £20,000. The harbour is one of the best on the east coast of England, and in stormy weather is largely taken advantage of for shelter, Its entrance is, however, encumbered with rocks, and is dangerous without a pilot. The rapid accumulation of shingle threatened some years ago to block up the principal entrance, but this has been prevented by the construction of two breakwaters, having a length respectively of 1350 and 1000 feet. The shipping trade of the port was much injured by the removal, after the introduction of steamships, of the Hamburg and other packets from the station; but since the construction of the Great Eastern Railway steam packets have plied regularly between Harwich and Antwerp and Rotterdam. In 1878 1198 British ships entered the port with a tonnage of 298,227, and 35 foreign ships with a tonnage of 10,921. The number of British ships that cleared was 1233, with a tonnage of 296,095, and of foreign ships 28, with a tonnage of 8544. The principal imports are grain, timber, and tobacco, and the principal exports cement and fish. Shipbuilding has declined since the discontinuance of the Government dockyards. The prosperity of the town depends now largely on its shrimp and lobster fisheries, but there are also Roman cement works, breweries, and manufactories for artificial manure and for sails and tackle. It is much frequented for sea bathing, and its suburb of Dovercourt possesses a chalybeate spring, the spa-house of which contains a library and museum. Harwich in all probability occupies the site of a Roman station. In 855 a great naval battle took place opposite the town between the Danes and the fleet of King Alfred, and in 1666 another took place between the Dutch and the English. Harwich was created a parliamentary borough by King Edward II. in 1318 with the privilege of returning two members, but since the Reform Act of 1867 it has returned only one. The population of the municipal and parliamentary borough in 1871 was 6079.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Harvey Lonsdale Elmes

See also Harvey Lonsdale Elmes on Wikipedia; Harvey Lonsdale Elmes on Wikipedia; Harvey Lonsdale Elmes in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
ELMES, Harvey Lonsdale (1814-1847), the architect of St George’s Hall, Liverpool, was the son of James Elmes (see next article), and was born at Chichester in 1814. After serving some time in his father’s ofﬁce, and under a surveyor at Bedford and an architect at Bath, he became partner with his father in 1835, and in the following year he was the successful competitor among 86 for a design for St George’s Hall, Liverpool. The foun- dation stone of this building was laid on the 28th June 1838, but Elmes being successful in a competition for the Assize Courts in the same city, it was ﬁnally decided to include the Hall and Courts in a single building. In ac- cordance with this idea, Elmes prepared a fresh design, and the work of erection commenced in 1841. He superin- tended its progress till 1847, when from failing health he was compelled to delegate his duties to C. B. Cockerell, RA, and leave for Jamaica, where he died of consump- tion on the 26th November 1847.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Heinrich Moritz Chalybäus

See also the disclaimer.
CHALYBÄUS, Heinrich Moritz (1796-1862), a dis tinguished German writer on philosophy, was born on the 3d July 1796. The facts of his life are few and unim portant. For some years after completing his university education he acted as lecturer in the Kreuz-Schule at Dresden, and while there his lectures on the history of philosophy in Germany, delivered before large audiences, drew attention to his rare merits as a thinker and writer. In 1839 he was called to a Professorship in Kiel University, where, with the exception of one brief interval, he remained till his death on 2d September 1862. His first published work, Historische Entwickelung der spekulativen Philosophic von Kant bis Hegel, 1837, was extremely popular, and still retains its place as one of the best and most attractive expositions of modern German thought. It has been twice translated into English, by Tulk in 185-4, and by Edersheim in 1860. His other writings are Phdnome nologische Blatter, 1841 ; Die mod-erne Sophistik, 1843 ; Entivurf eines Systems der Wissenschaftslehre, 1846 ; System der spekulativen Ethik, 2 vols., 1850; Philosophic und Christenthum, 1853; Fundamental - Philosophic, 1861. Of these the most important are the Wissenschaftslehre and the Ethik. Chalybaus s general principle may be named Ideal-Realism. He opposes both the extreme realism of Herbart and what he calLs the one-sided idealism of Hegel, and endeavours to find a mean between them, to discover the ideal or formal principle which unfolds itself in the real or material world presented to it. His Wissenschaftslehre, accordingly, divides itself into three parts, Prindplehre, or theory of the one principle; Vermittelungslehre, or theory of the means by which this principle realizes itself; and Teleologie. The most noticeable point is the position assigned by Chalybaus to the " World Ether," which is defined as the infinite in time and space, and which, he thinks, must be posited as necessarily coexisting with the Infinite Spirit or God. The System der Ethik is perhaps the richest and most thorough-going modern work on moral philosophy. The fundamental principle is carried out with great strength of thought, and with an unusually complete command of ethical material. A brief but satisfactory account of Chalybaus will be found in Erclmann, Grundriss der Geschichte der Philosophic, ii. 781-786.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Harzburg

See also Harzburg on Wikipedia; Harzburg in the 11th Edition; the Harzburg in the 12th Edition; and the disclaimer.
HARZBURG, or Neustadt-Harzburg, the chief town of an office in the Brunswick circle of Wolfenbiittel, Prussia, is situated 727 feet above sea-level on the right bank of the Radau, a tributary of the Ocker, and at the terminus of the Brunswick-Harzburg Railway, 5 miles E.S.E. from Goslar and 18 miles 8. from Wolfenbiittel. The opening of the railway has made the Harzburg route a principal one for persons visiting the Harz, and the town is also much frequented as a summer residence. It possesses a saltwater bath and also a hydropatlic establishment. A mile and a half south from the town lies the Burgberg, 1500 feet above sea-level, on whose summit, according to tradition, there was at one time an altar to the heathen idvl Krodo, still to be seen in the Ulrich chapel at Goslar. There are now on the summit of the hill a hotel, the remains of an old castle, and a monument erected in 1875 to the honour of Prince Bismarck, with an inscription taken from one of his speeches against the Ultramontane claims of Rome— "Nach Canossa gehen wir nicht." The population of Harzburg in 1875, including the villages of Biindheim, Schulenrode, and Schlewecke, was 4271.
The castle was built by the emperor Henry LV. between 1065 and 1069, but was Jaid in ruins by the Saxons about 1080. By Frederick I. it was granted to Henry the Lion, who caused it to be rebuilt with great splendour about 1180. It was a frequent residence of Otto IV., who died at it, and by his will granted it to the counts of Woldenberg. After being frequently besieged and taken, it finally, after the battle of Miihlberg in 1546, passed to the house of Brunswick. It ceased to be of importance as a foriress after the Thirty Years' War, and gradually fell into ruins.
See Delius, Untersuchungen iber die Geschichte der Harzbura, Yalherstadt, 31826; Dommes, Marzburg and seine Umogebung, Goslar, 1862; Holmstein, Die Harzbury nach Sage und Geschichte, Brunswick, 1878.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Haverhill

See also Haverhill, Massachusetts on Wikipedia; Haverhill on Wikipedia; Haverhill in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
# Executive Order 366

more info.
Signed by President Theodore Roosevelt Wednesday, November 1, 1905
1905 CSR 93
Edward McCauley may be appointed chief of the Redemption Division, office of the Third Assistant Postmaster-General, Post-Office Department, without examination, in view of his experience as chief clerk of the Census Bureau.
White House,
       October 31, 1905.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 366-B

more info.
See the Notes section for a list of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President Theodore Roosevelt Wednesday, November 8, 1905
Published: General Orders, No. 9, Navy Dept., November 9, 1905
Besides the $5 per month extra pay allowed them for submarine service, enlisted men serving with submarine torpedo boats, and having been reported by their commanding officers to the Navy Department as qualified for submarine torpedo boat work, shall receive $1 additional pay for each day during any part of which they shall have been submerged in a submarine torpedo boat while under way: Provided, however, That such further additional pay shall not exceed $15 in any one calendar month.

## Notes
### See Related

* none available
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 368

more info.
Signed by President Theodore Roosevelt Friday, November 10, 1905
It is hereby ordered that vacancies in the office of Secretary of Embassy or Legation shall hereafter be filled
    (a) By transfer or promotion from some branch of the foreign service, or
    (b) By the appointment of a person who, having furnished satisfactory evidence of character, responsibility and capacity, and being thereupon selected by the President for examination, is found upon such examination to be qualified for the position.
The White House,
       November 10th, 1905.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 37

more info.
Part of the same document as Executive Order 36; each section on the page got a separate Executive Order number.
Signed by President Grover Cleveland Friday, November 2, 1894
Special Departmental Rule No. 1.
Special departmental rule No. 1 is hereby amended by dropping from among the places therein excepted from examination the following:
    In the Department of Agriculture, office of Secretary: The assistant chief of the Division of Pomology.
Approved November 2, 1894.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 3650

more info.
Signed by President Warren G. Harding Monday, March 20, 1922
Under authority of the act of Congress approved June 25 1910 (36 Stat. 847), as amended by the act of August 24, 1912 (37 Stat. 497), it is hereby ordered that the following described land in New Mexico be, and the same is hereby, temporarily withdrawn subject to the conditions, provisions and limitations of said acts pending resurvey of the Chaco Canyon National Monument in order to definitely establish the boundaries thereof: Provided, That this withdrawal shall not prevent or preclude the use of these lands, or any of them, for grazing or other analogous purposes temporary in character and not inconsistent with the purpose of this order:
New Mexico Principal Meridian.
    In T. 20 N., R. 8 W., SW¼ of Sec. 10.
The White House,
    March 20, 1922.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 367

more info.
Amends Executive Order 81, September 20, 1895.
Signed by President Theodore Roosevelt Friday, November 10, 1905
With a view to further increasing the efficiency of the Consular Service by extending the method now employed for ascertaining the qualifications possessed by candidates for appointment in that service:
It is hereby ordered that the Executive Order of September 20, 1895, in regard to examinations for the Consular Service be and it is hereby amended and extended to include all consulates general, consulates, commercial agencies and consular agencies, the annual compensation of which is not less than $1,000. Said order therefore will read as amended as follows:—
It being of great importance that the consular officers of the United States shall possess the proper qualifications for their respective positions to be ascertained either through a satisfactory record of previous actual service under the Department of State or through an appropriate examination:
It is hereby ordered that any vacancy in a consulate general, consulate, commercial or consular agency now or hereafter existing the salary of which is not less than $1,000, or the compensation of which, if derived from official fees, exclusive of notarial and other unofficial receipts, does not fall below $1,000, shall be filled (a) by a transfer or promotion from some other position under the Department of State of a character tending to qualify the incumbent for the position to be filled; or (b) by appointment of a person not under the Department of State but having previously served thereunder to its satisfaction in a capacity tending to qualify him for the position to be filled; or (c) by the appointment of a person who, having furnished satisfactory evidence of character, responsibility, and capacity, and being thereupon selected by the President for examination, is found upon such examination to be qualified for the position.
For the purposes of this order notarial and unofficial fees shall not be regarded, but the compensation of an office shall be ascertained, if the office is salaried, by reference to the last preceding appropriation act, and if the office is not salaried, by reference to the returns of official fees for the last preceding fiscal year.
The examination hereinbefore provided for shall be by a Board of three persons designated by the Secretary of State who shall also prescribe the subjects to which such examinations shall relate and the general mode of conducting the same by the Board.
A vacancy in a consulate will be filled at discretion only when a suitable appointment can not be made in any of the modes indicated in the second paragraph of this order.
The White House,
       November 10th, 1905.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 369

more info.
Amends Executive Order 209, March 20, 1903
Signed by President Theodore Roosevelt Saturday, November 11, 1905
1905 CSR 81
All appointments and employments, under whatever designation, for service in Indian warehouses shall be made in accordance with the provisions of the civil service rules or of the regulations governing the employment of laborers.
All persons employed in Indian warehouses on the date of this order, except unskilled laborers, shall have all the rights which they would acquire if appointed to their positions upon examination under the civil service rules, except that they shall not be transferred without first passing the examination provided for by the Civil Service Commission.
White House,
       November 11, 1905.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 369-A

more info.
See the Notes section for a list of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President Theodore Roosevelt Saturday, November 11, 1905
It is hereby ordered that Breton island, as shown by the General Land Office map of the State of Louisiana of date 1896, in Township 18 South, Range 20 East, St. Helena Meridian, when same shall be surveyed; and Old Harbor and Freemason islands, in Townships 14 and 15 South, Ranges 21 and 22 East, same Meridian, when surveyed, be, and they are hereby reserved and set apart for the use of the Department of Agriculture, as a preserve and breeding ground for native birds. This reservation to be known as ‘‘Breton Island Reservation.’’

## Notes

Shortcut: WS:USEO
Note: Some sources give the signing date for this Executive Order as October 4, 1904. (See Discussion)

### Revoked by

* Executive Order 7983, October 4, 1938
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Federal Trade Commission v. American Tobacco Company (274 U.S. 543)/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
274 U.S. 543
Federal Trade Commission v. American Tobacco Company (274 U.S. 543)
Argued: April 19, 20, 1927. --- Decided: May 31, 1927
The statement of the petition for certiorari that the judgment and opinion below might seriously hinder future administration of the law was grave and sufficiently probable to justify issuance of the writ.
Proper decision of the controversy depends upon a question of fact. Did the American Tobacco Company become party to the unlawful combination of tobacco jobbers at Philadelphia to maintain prices? After considering much evidence the commission gave affirmative answer to that query; but the Circuit Court of Appeals thought there was nothing to support their view. American Tobacco Co. v. Federal Trade Commission, 9 F. (2d) 570.
It now appears to us that this matter of fact is of no general importance. Accordingly, we adhere to the usual rule of noninterference where conclusions of Circuit Courts of Appeals depend on appreciation of circumstances which admit of different interpretations, and upon that ground alone we affirm the judgment below.
The opinion of the Circuit Court of Appeals is of uncertain intendment and is not satisfactory as an exposition of the law. What this court has said in many opinions indicates clearly enough the general purpose of the statute and the necessity of applying it with strict regard thereto.
Affirmed.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Federal Trade Commission v. American Tobacco Company

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Federal Trade Commission v. American Tobacco Company."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Federal Trade Commission v. American Tobacco Company (264 U.S. 298)
* Federal Trade Commission v. American Tobacco Company (274 U.S. 543)
# Federal Trade Commission v. American Tobacco Company (274 U.S. 543)

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
274 U.S. 543
Federal Trade Commission v. American Tobacco Company (274 U.S. 543)
Argued: April 19, 20, 1927. --- Decided: May 31, 1927
The Attorney General and Mr. Adrien F. Busick, of Washington, D. C., for petitioner.
Mr. Edward S. Rogers, of Chicago, Ill., for respondent.
Mr. Justice McREYNOLDS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Federal Trade Commission v. American Tobacco Company (264 U.S. 298)

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
264 U.S. 298
Federal Trade Commission v. American Tobacco Company
Argued: March 7, 1924. --- Decided: March 17, 1924
Mr. James A. Fowler, of Knoxville, Tenn., and the Attorney General, for plaintiff in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 299-302 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Wm. D. Guthrie, of New York City, for defendant in error P. lorillard co.
Mr. Junius Parker, of New York City, for defendant in error American Tobacco Co.
Mr. Justice HOLMES delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Federal Trade Commission v. A. E. Staley Manufacturing Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
324 U.S. 746
Federal Trade Commission v. A. E. Staley Manufacturing Company
Argued: Feb. 27, 1945. --- Decided: April 23, 1945
Mr. Walter B. Wooden, of Washington, D.C., for petitioner.
Messrs. Carl R. Miller, of Decatur, Ill., and Wm. D. Whitney, of New York City, for respondents.
Mr. Chief Justice STONE delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Federal Trade Commission v. Algoma Lumber Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
291 U.S. 67
Federal Trade Commission v. Algoma Lumber Company
Argued: Dec. 14, 15, 1933. --- Decided: Jan 8, 1934
[Syllabus from 68 intentionally omitted]
The Attorney General and Harold M. Stephens, Asst. Atty. Gen., for petitioner.
Mr. Allan P. Matthew, of San Francisco, Cal., for respondents.
Mr. Edward S. Rogers, of New York City, amicus curiae.
Mr. Justice CARDOZO delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Federal Supplement/Second series/Volume 202

List of cases in 202 F.Supp.2d.

## List of cases in 202 F.Supp.2d.

| Case Name | Page & year | Court |
| Nicholson v. Williams | 153 (2002) | E.D.N.Y. |
Categories: PD-West | Case law reporters
# Federal Supplement/Second series/Volume 36
## List of cases in 36 F.Supp.2d.

| Case Name | Page & year | Court |
| Bridgeman Art Library, Ltd. v. Corel Corp. | 191 (1999) | S.D.N.Y. |
# Federal Supplement/Second series/Volume 90
## List of cases in 90 F.Supp.2d.

| Case Name | Page & year | Court |
| Estate of William F. Jenkins v. Paramount Pictures Corp. | 706 (2000) | E.D. Va. |
# Federal Supplement/Second series/Volume 203
## List of cases in 203 F.Supp.2d.

| Case Name | Page & year | Court |
| Nicholson v. Williams | 153 (2002) | E.D.N.Y. |
[[Category:]]
# Federal Supplement/Second series/Volume 412
## List of cases in 412 F. Supp. 2d.

| Case Name | Page & year | Court |
| Field v. Google, Inc. | 1106 (2006) | D. Nev. |