OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Curran v. Arkansas/Dissent Daniel

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Dissenting Opinions Catron Daniel
Mr. Justice DANIEL.
From the decision of this court, just announced I am constrained to declarc my dissent. According to my apprehension there is no legitimate ground of jurisdiction and of course for the interference of this court in this case, within the just intent and objects of the 10th section of the 1st article of the Cbnstitution. By the legislature of the State of Arkansas, which has [p322] been assailed, the obligation of no contract is denied. The claims of every stockholder and every noteholder of the Bank of the State of Arkansas are, in reference to that corporation, fully recognized. The utmost that can be ojected to the action of the State is, that in a contest amongst the creditors of a failing corporation, the State, as one oF those creditors, and the largest creditor of the number, may have appropriated to herself a portion of the- assets of that corporation greater than would have been warranted by perfect equity, or other eauality, amongst all the creditors. But should this conclusion be conceded, the concession implies no attempt to deny or impair any obligation of the bank to satisfy every creditor. It might raise a question of fraud or unfairness in the action of the State in reference to the other creditors of the bank, but it carries with it no interference with the obligation or the sanctity of their contract with the corporation, whatever that irdght be. The mere question of fraud, in the execution or non-performance of contracts, surely the Constitution never intended to constitute as a means by which the federal authorities were to supervise the polity and acts of the State governments. Such a claim of power in the federal government would justify the interference with, and the supervision by this court of any act of the State legislatures, and of every transaction of private life, and in the necessarily imperfect attempts to exercise such a power, would encumber it with a mass of business, which would disappoint and entirely prevent the performance of its legitimate duties.
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Echecrates 1.

ECHE'CRATES (Ἑχεκράτης), 1. A Thessalian, was one of those whom the ministers of Ptolemy Philopator, when they were preparing for war with Antiochus the Great in B. C. 219, employed in the levying of troops and their arrangement into separate companies. He was entrusted with the command of the Greek forces in Ptolemy's pay, and of all the mercenary cavalry, and did good service in the war, especially at the battle of Raphia in B. C. 217. (Polyb. v. 63, 65, 82, 85.) [E. E.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Echecrates 2.

ECHE'CRATES (Ἑχεκράτης), 2. Son of Demetrius of Cyrene by Olympias of Larissa, and brother of Antigonus Doson. He had a son named Antigonus after his uncle. (Liv. xl. 54; see vol. i. pp. 187, 189,b.) [E. E.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Ecdicus

E'CDICUS (Ἔκδικος), a Lacedaemonian, was sent out with eight ships, in B. C. 391, to put down the democratic party in Rhodes. On his arrival however at Cnidus, he found that the forces of his opponents doubled his own, and he was therefore obliged to remain inactive. The Lacedaemonians, when they heard that he was not in a condition to effect anything, sent Teleutias with a larger armament to supersede him. (Xen. Hell. iv. 8. §§ 20—23; comp. Diod. xiv. 79, 97.) [E. E.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Ecebolius

ECEBO'LIUS (Ἑκηβόλιος), a sophist of Constantinople, who in the reign of Constantine the Great pretended to be a Christian, but afterwards, in the time of the emperor Julian, conducted himself as a zealous pagan. (Suid. s. v.; Socrat. H. E. iii. 13.) [L. S.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Earinus, Flavius

EA'RINUS, FLA'VIUS, a favourite eunuch of the emperor Doraitian, in praise of whose beauty there are several epigrams of Martial, and a poem of Statins. (Dion Cass. Ixvii, 2 ; Mart. Epigr. ix. 12, 13, 14, 17, IB ; Stat. Silv. iii. 4.)
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Ececheiria

ECECHEI'RIA (Ἑκεχειρία), that is, the armistice or truce, which was personified and represented as a divine being at the entrance of the temple of Zeus at Olympia; there was a statue of Iphitus, which Ececheiria was in the act of crowning. (Paus. v. 10. § 3, 26. § 2.) [L. S.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Eburnus

EBURNUS, an agnomen of Q. Fabius Maximus, who was consul in B. C. 116.
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Ecdemus

ECDE'MUS.
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Echeclus

ECHECLUS (Ἔχεκλος), a son of Agenor, who was slain by Achilles. (Hom. Il. xx. 473; Paus. x. 27.) A Trojan of the same name occurs in the Iliad. (xvi. 692.) [L. S.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Clark, Charles

​CLARK, CHARLES (1806–1880), proprietor of the Great Totham press, was born at Heybridge, Essex, and educated at Witham Place school in the same county. He was bred a farmer, and resided for several years at Great Totham Hall, near Witham. Before 1859 he had removed to Heybridge, when he was buried on 27 March 1880, aged 74 (parish burial register). Possessed of some small literary impulse, Clark occupied his leisure in composing and printing with his own hands numerous broadsides, consisting chiefly of satirical songs and parodies. These were intended for circulation among the author's friends, the farmers and alehouse keepers, and are for the most part exceedingly silly and indecent. The distribution of one of these squibs resulted in an action for libel. A very complete is in the library of the British Museum. More useful work was a series of well executed reprints of scarce tracts and extracts from rare books. One of Clark’s earliest attempts at printing was ‘A History, Antiquarian and Statistical, of the Parish of Great Totham,’ 1831, 8vo, mostly written by his friend and neighbour G. W. Johnson. He also contributed to periodicals such as the ‘Literary Gazette,’ ‘Sportsman,’ and ‘Funny Herald.’ Clark spent the latter years of his life in almost complete seclusion at Heybridge, a circumstance which may account for the absence of any obituary notice in the local newspapers, in whose columns he had at one time been a constant writer. His interesting library, abounding in scarce tracts relating to the eastern counties, was disposed of before his death.
[Lowndes's Bibl. Manual (Bohn), vi. (Append), pp. 216–17; Olphar Hamst's Handbook of Fictitious Names, pp. 29, 44, 107, 197; Brit. Mus. Cat.; Timperley's Encyclop. of Literary and Typographical Anecdote, p. 541; Notes and Queries, 1st ser. v. 416, 621, 5th ser. iv. 464, 521. v. 17, 395; Egerton MSS. 2249, f. 109, 2250, ff. 15, 17.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Clark, James (d.1819)

​CLARK, JAMES, M.D. (d. 1819), physician, practised for many years in Dominica, and had the honour of being appointed a member of his majesty’s council in that island. He was a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. He died in Hatton Garden, London, on Jan. 1819 (Gent. Mag. vol. lxxxix. pt. i. p. 184). As the result of twenty-five years’ practice in the West Indies, Clark published ‘A Treatise on the Yellow Fever as it appeared in the Island of Dominica in the years 1793-4-5-6. To which are added Observations on . . . other West India Diseases; also, the Chemical Analysis and Medical Properties of the Hot Mineral Waters in the same Island,’ 8vo, London, 1797. He also wrote largely in the medical and scientific serials of the day, and was a member of various learned bodies, including the Royal Society, the Royal Society of Edinburgh, the Society of Antiquaries, and the Society of Arts.
[Biog. Dict. of Living Authors (1816); Reuss’s Alphabetical Register of Living Authors; Callisen’s Medicinisches Schriftsteller-Lexicon.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Clark, Frederick Scotson

​CLARK, FREDERICK SCOTSON (1840–1883), organist and composer, was born in London of Irish parents, 16 Nov. 1840. He received his first musical instruction from his mother, who had been a pupil of Mrs. Anderson and of Chopin. At the age of ten he played the violin, and two years later, when at school at Ewell, he used to play the organ at services in the parish church. After some little study of harmony at Paris, he returned to England, and at the age of fourteen was appointed organist of the Regent-Square Church. He next studied under Mr. E. J. Hopkins, and entered the Royal Academy of Music, where his masters were Sir W. Sterndale Bennett, Sir J. Goss, and others. In 1858 he was teaching at. the academy, and ​in the same year published a ‘Method for the Harmonium.’ During the next few years he filled the post of organist at various London churches, and in 1865 he founded the London Organ School, where especial attention was paid to organ-playing. Shortly afterwards he became organist, scholar, and exhibitioner of Exeter College, Oxford, where he took the degree of Mus. Bac. in 1807. In the same year he was appointed head-master of St. Michael’s grammar school, Brighton. In 1868 he was ordained deacon by the Bishop of Chichester, and in 1869 priest. During these years he was also curate of St. Michael’s, Lewes. In 1869 he left England, and went to Leipzig, where he studied under Reinecke, Richter, &c., for two terms, besides taking the duty of the English chapel. In 1870 he went to Stuttgart, where he was for some time assistant chaplain, and studied music under Lebert, Kriiger, and Pruckner. In 1873 he returned to London, but in the following year he was chaplain at Amsterdam. In 1875 he resumed his connection with the London Organ School. In 1878 he was the English official representative organist at the Paris Exhibition, where he was awarded a gold medal. In the following year he was for a time chaplain at Paris, but his connection with the or n school was resumed once more, and he died at that institution 5 July 1883. Clark was a voluminous writer of slight pieces for the organ, harmonium, and piano; his talents were considerable, but as a musician he lacked profundity, and his compositions courted popularity with the uneducated majority rather than the esteem of the educated few. He was a brilliant extempore player, and his memory was remarkable.
[Private sources; Crockford’s Clerical Directory for 1883; Musical Standard, xxv. 19; Musical Record for 1883; Times, 7 July 1883.]
W. B. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Clark, John (d.1807)

​CLARK, JOHN (d. 1807), Gaelic scholar, was a land and tithe agent. He published what purports to be a collection of translations of highland poems under the title, ‘Works of the Caledonian Bards,’ Edinburgh, 1778, 8vo, and ‘An Answer to Mr. Shaw's Inquiry into the Authenticity of the Works of Ossian,’ Edinburgh, 1781, 8vo. Clark reported on the state of agriculture in Brecknock, Radnor, and Hereford for the board of agriculture, each report being published separately in 1794 under the title of ‘General View of Agriculture,’ &c., 4to. He also wrote a treatise on ‘The Nature and Value of Leasehold Property,’ which appeared posthumously in 1808. He died at Pembroke in 1807. He was a fellow of the Edinburgh Society of Antiquaries.
[Gent. Mag. vol. lxxvii. pt. ii. p. 687; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
J. M. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Clark, George Aitken

​CLARK, GEORGE AITKEN (1823–1873), manufacturer and philanthropist, was the son of John Clark, thread manufacturer, Paisley, where he was born on 9 Aug. 1823. He was educated at the Paisley grammar school, and while still a lad was in 1840 sent across the Atlantic to enter the firm of Kerr & Co. at Hamilton, Ontario. On reaching manhood he returned to Paisley, and entered into partnership with Messrs. Robert and John Ronald, shawlmakers, under the name of Ronald & Clark. In 1851 he relinquished the partnership to enter into company with his brother-in-law, Mr. Robert Kerr, as a thread manufacturer. With a view to extend the business he went in 1856 to the United States, and, finding that they were much hampered by the high protective duties, the firm in 1864 resolved to establish a branch factory at Newark, New Jersey. The enterprise met with great success, and Clark's O.N.T. spool cotton soon became a widely recognised American manufacture. In 1866 the firm amalgamated with the original firm of Clark under the name of Clark & Co., with an anchor as their trade-mark. Clark died at Newark on 13 Feb. 1873. By his will he left 20,000l. to found four scholarships of 300l. a year each, tenable for three years, at Glasgow University, and 20,000l. to build a town hall in Paisley. The firm of Clark & Co. subscribed 40,000l. additional for the latter purpose, and the building styled the ‘George A. Clark Town Hall’ was opened in 1882.
[Biographical notices of the Clark family added to Notice of the Inauguration of the George A. Clark Town Hall. Paisley; Irving’s Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen; Glasgow University Calendar.]
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Clark, Joseph

​CLARK, JOSEPH (d. 1696?), posturemaster, of Pall Mall, although a well-grown man, and inclining to stoutness, was enabled to contort his body in such a manner as to represent almost any kind of deformity and dislocation. The ‘Guardian’ (No. 102) speaks of him as having been ‘the plague of all the tailors about town,’ for he would be measured in one posture, which he changed for another when his clothes were brought home. He even imposed upon the famous surgeon, James Moleyns or Mullins, to whom he applied as a pretended patient. He dislocated the vertebræ of his back and other parts of his body in so frightful a fashion that Moleyns was shocked at the sight, and would not so much as attempt his cure. Among other freaks he often passed as a begging cripple with persons in whose company he had been but a few minutes before. Upon such occasions he would not only twist his limbs out of shape, but entirely alter the expression of his face. His powers of facial contortion are said to ​have been equally extraordinary. Clark was dead before 1697; Evelyn, in his ‘Numismata,' published in that year, mentions him as ‘our late Proteus Clark' (p. 277). A year later a brief account of him was communicated to the Royal Society (Phil. Trans. xx. 262). He is the subject of two drawings, by ‘Old’ Laroon, in Tempest's ‘Cryes and Habits of London,’ 1688.
[Reliquiæ Hearnianæ, i. 849-51; Granger's Biog. Hist. of England, 2nd edit., iv. 351-2.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Clark, Jeremiah

​CLARK, JEREMIAH (d. 1809), organist and composer, son of Charles Clark, a lay vicar of Worcester Cathedral, was probably born at Worcester. He was educated as a chorister in the cathedral choir (of which he was subsequently a lay clerk) under Elias Isaac (1734-1793), for many years organist of Worcester Cathedral. Between 1770 and 1780 Clark seems to have settled in Birmingham as an organist and teacher of music. He played at the festival in 1778, and on 27 April 1789 a song by him, written in commemoration of the king's recovery, was performed at the public thanks-giving. In June 1795 he was announced to play the harpsichord at the Birmingham theatre during the forthcoming season, and on 27 Nov. 1797 he got up a concert for the benefit of the widows and orphans of the killed at the battle of Camperdown. In 1800 Clark was appointed organist of Worcester Cathedral, in which capacity he conducted the festival of the three choirs in 1806. He died at Bromsgrove in May 1809. Clark seems (some time before 1799) to have taken the degree of Mus. Bac., probably at Oxford, though his name does not occur in the published lists of graduates. His earliest publication was a set of eight songs with ​instrumental accompaniments, which appeared before he settled in Birmingham. He also published a second set of eight songs, a set of harpsichord sonatas, with accompaniments for two violins and a violoncello, two glees for three voices (in 1791), a set of ten songs with orchestral accompaniments (in 1799), a set of eight songs and four canzonets, and a series of instructions for singers. His works show him to have been a clever musician; he was much patronised by Lord Dudley and Ward.
[Chambers's Biographical Illustrations of Worcestershire, 468; Lysons and Amott's Annals of the Three Choirs, 85, &c.; Langford's Century of Birmingham Life, i. 337. ii. 118, 128; Brit. Mus. Music Catalogue; information from Mr. S. S. Stratton.]
W. B. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Clark, John (1688-1736)

​CLARK, JOHN (1688–1736), writing-master, son of John Clark, a sea captain who was drowned in his own ship on the Goodwin Sands, entered Merchant Taylors' School on 10 March 1696–7, and was subsequently apprenticed to one Snow, a writing-master, under whom he became a proficient in the art of penmanship, which by his treatises on the subject he did much to simplify. He published: 1. ‘The Penman's Diversion in the usual hands of Great Britain in a free and natural manner,’ 1708. 2. ‘Writing improved, or Penmanship made easy in its useful and ornamental parts, with various examples in all the hands,’ 1712, 2nd ed. 1714. 3. ‘Lectures on Accounts, or Bookkeeping after the Italian Method by double entry of debtor and creditor,’ 1732. He died in 1736, and was buried at Hillingdon, near Uxbridge.
[Noble’s Continuation of Granger's Biographical History, ii. 365; Robinson’s Merchant Taylors’ Register, i. 337.]
J. M. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Clark, John (1744-1805)

​CLARK, JOHN, M.D. (1744–1805), medical philanthropist, was born in 1744 at Roxburgh. He studied divinity at Edinburgh, but afterwards turned to medicine. In 1768 he obtained the appointment of surgeon's mate in the East India Company's service. He retired from it about 1775, and settled in practice near Newcastle, having previously graduated M.D. at St. Andrews. He became well known for his active interest in schemes for the benefit of the sick poor. He was the founder of the Newcastle Dispensary; he recommended reforms in the management of the infirmary, and he called attention to the need of hospitals for infectious diseases, both in that town and elsewhere. He died at Bath on 15 April 1805. Apart from his labours as a medical philanthropist, his credit rests on the two following works, which contain a good many valuable facts and principles to climatology and epidemiology: ‘Observations on Fevers, and on the Scarlet Fever with Ulcerated Sore Throat at Newcastle in 1778,’ Lond. 1780; ‘Observations on the Diseases in Long Voyages to Hot Countries, particularly the East Indies,’ 2 vols. Lond. 1792. His minor writings are ‘Letter upon the Influenza,’ ‘Account of a Plan for Newcastle Infirmary,’ and various papers on institutions for infectious diseases in Newcastle and other populous towns. His son William (1788–1869) is noticed below.
[Dictionnaire Encyclopédique des Sciences Médicales. vol. xvii. 1875.]
C. C.
# Devil Worship

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Devil Worship."
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* Devil Worship, a book by Isya Joseph
* "Devil Worship", an article by William Henry Kent in Catholic Encyclopedia
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bowie, James

Date of death 1869 in the ODNB.
​BOWIE, JAMES (d. 1853), botanist, was born in London, and entered the service of the Royal Gardens, Kew, in 1810. In 1814 he was appointed botanical collector to the gardens in conjunction with Allan Cunningham. They went to Brazil, where they remained two years, making collections of plants and seeds. In 1817 Bowie was ordered to proceed to the Cape; here he worked with much energy, taking journeys into the interior, and sending home large collections of living and dried plants, as well as of drawings; the last are in the Kew herbarium, the dried specimens for the most part in the British Museum. A vote of the House of Commons having reduced the sum granted for botanical collectors, Bowie was recalled in 1823, taking up his residence at Kew. After four years of inactivity he set out again for the Cape, where he was for some years gardener to Baron Ludwig of Ludwigsberg. He became a correspondent of Dr. Harvey, who, in dedicating to him the genus Bowiea, says 'by many years of patient labour in the interior of South Africa he enriched the gardens of Europe with a greater variety of succulent plants than had ever been detected by any traveller.' He left his employment in or before 1841, and made journeys into the interior to collect plants for sale; his habits, however, were such as to interfere with his prospects, and he died in poverty in 1853.
[Gardeners' Chronicle, new ser. xvi. 568 (1881).]
J. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bowle, John (d.1637)

​BOWLE or BOWLES, JOHN (d. 1637), bishop of Rochester, a native of Lancashire, was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he obtained a fellowship. He proceeded M.A. (1603), D.D. (1613), and was incorporated M.A. of Oxford on 9 July 1605, and D.D. on 11 July 1615. He was household chaplain to Sir Robert Cecil, first earl of Salisbury, and attended him through his last illness in 1612. After the earl's death Bowle addressed to Dr. Mountague, bishop of Bath and Wells, 'a plaine and true relation of those thinges I observed in my Lord's sickness since his goeing to Bath,' which is printed in Peck's 'Desiderata,' pp. 205-11. Bowle held at one time the living of Tilehurst, Berkshire. He became dean of Salisbury in July 1620, preached before the king and parliament on 3 Feb. 1620-1, and was elected bishop of Rochester on 14 Dec. 1629. He died 'at Mrs. Austen's house on the Banckside the 9th of October 1637, and his body was interred in St. Paul's ch., London, in the moneth following.' Archbishop Laud, in his account of his archiepiscopate addressed to Charles I for 1637, complained that Bowle had been ill for three years before his death, and had neglected his diocese. He was the author of a 'Sermon preached at Flitton in the countie of Bedford at the funerall of Henrie [Grey], Earle of Kent,' London, 1614, and of a 'Concio ad ... Patres et Presbyteros totius Provinciæ Cantuar. in Synodo Londini congregates, habita . . . 1620, Jan. 31,' London, 1621. Bowle married Bridget, a sister of Sir George Copping, 'of the crown office,' by whom he had a son (Richard) and a daughter (Mary).
[Wood's Fasti, ed. Bliss, pp. 308, 364; Le Neve's Fasti, ed. Hardy, ii. 517, 673; Cal. State Papers, Domestic, 1620-37; Nichols's Progresses of James I, ii. 448; Laud's Works, v. 349; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
S. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bowles, Caroline Anne

​BOWLES, CAROLINE ANNE. [See Southey.]