OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fitzpatrick, Richard (d.1727)

​FITZPATRICK, RICHARD, Lord Gowran (d. 1727), second son of John Fitzpatrick of Castletown, Queen's County, by Elizabeth, fourth daughter of Thomas, viscount Thurles, and relict of James Purcell, baron of Loughmore, entered the royal navy and was appointed on 14 May 1687 commander of the Richmond. On 24 May 1688 he was made captain of the Assurance, from which in 1689 he was transferred to the Lark, in which he cruised against the French in the German Ocean. Having distinguished himself on that station, he was advanced on 11 Jan. 1690 to the command of the St. Alban's, a fourth-rate, with which on 18 July he captured off Rame Head a French frigate of 36 guns, after a fight of four hours, in which the enemy lost forty men killed and wounded, the casualties on board the St. Alban's being only four; and the French ship was so shattered that she had to be towed into Plymouth. In February 1690–1 he drove on shore two French frigates and helped to cut out fourteen merchantmen from a convoy of twenty-two. In command of the Burford (70 guns) he served under Lord Berkeley in 1696, and in July was detached to make a descent on the Groix, an island near Belle Isle, off the west coast of Brittany, from which he brought off thirteen hundred head of cattle, with horses, boats, and small vessels. He was promoted to the command of the Ranelagh (80 guns) on the outbreak of the war of the Spanish succession, and took part in Ormonde's mismanaged expedition against Cadiz (1702), and in the successful attack on Vigo which followed; but soon after retired from the service. In 1696 he had received a grant of the town and lands of Grantstown and other lands in Queen's County, and on 27 April 1715 he was raised to the Irish peerage as Baron Gowran of Gowran, Kilkenny. He took his seat on 12 Nov., and on 14 Nov. helped to prepare an address to the king congratulating him upon his accession. He died on 9 June 1727. Fitzpatrick married in 1718 Anne, younger daughter of Sir John Robinson of Farmingwood, Northamptonshire, by whom he had two sons, John and Richard. The former, promoted to the Irish earldom of Upper Ossory on 5 Oct. 1751, was father of Richard Fitzpatrick (noticed below).
J. M. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fitzroy, Charles (1662-1730)

​FITZROY, CHARLES, first Duke of Southampton and Cleveland (1662–1730), natural son of Charles II, by Barbara, countess of Castlemaine [see Villiers, Barbara], was born in 1662 and baptised on 18 June in that year in St. Margaret's Church, Westminster, the king, the Earl of Oxford, and Lady Suffolk (sister of the Countess of Castlemaine) being sponsors. The entry in the register was ‘Charles Palmer, lord Limerick, son to the Right Honourable Roger, earl of Castlemaine, by Barbara,’ and he bore the title of Lord Limerick until 1670, when the patent which created his mother Countess of Southampton and Duchess of Cleveland, with remainder in tail male, conferred upon him the right to use the title of Earl of Southampton during his mother's life, and from that date he is commonly referred to as Lord Southampton. He was installed knight of the Garter on 1 April 1673, and on 10 Sept. 1675 was created Baron of Newbury in the county of Berkshire, Earl of Chichester in the county of Sussex, and Duke of the county of Southampton. On the death of his mother in 1709 he succeeded to the barony of Nonsuch in the county of Surrey, the earldom of Southampton, and the dukedom of Cleveland. He took his seat in the House of Lords as Duke of Cleveland on 14 Jan. 1710. His life was uneventful. He was suspected of intriguing for the restoration of James II in 1691, received a pension of 1,000l. per annum, charged on the proceeds of the lotteries in 1697, took little or no part in the debates of the House of Lords, but joined in the protest against the abandonment of the amendments to the Irish Forfeitures and Land Tax Bill in 1700. He died in 1730. Fitzroy married, first, Mary, daughter of Sir Henry Wood, one of the clerks of the green cloth, through whom, as next of kin to her father, he acquired after much litigation in 1692 a life interest of the annual value of 4,000l.; secondly, in November 1694, Ann, daughter of Sir William Pulteney of Misterton, Leicestershire. By his first wife he had no issue; by his second, three sons and three daughters. His eldest son and successor, William, died without issue in 1774. Two other sons died in his lifetime. Of his daughters, Grace married Henry Vane [q. v.], third baron Barnard, and their grandson, William Harry Vane, created Duke of Cleveland in 1833, was father of the second, third, and fourth dukes of this creation.
J. M. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Holman, William

​HOLMAN, WILLIAM (d. 1730), antiquary, was a congregational minister at Stepney, Middlesex, whence he was transferred to Halstead, Essex, in 1700. During the last twenty years of his life he diligently collected materials for a history of Essex, and visited personally every town and village in the county (Gough, British Topography, i. 343). He also made large extracts from Thomas Jekyll’s Essex collections, filling, according to Morant, ‘above four hundred’ volumes. He died suddenly in the porch of Colne Engaine Church, Essex, on 4 Nov. 1730 (Davies, Evangelical Nonconformity in Essex, p. 403).
The subsequent history of Holman’s manuscripts is very confused. Gough asserts (ib. i. 370) that Holman’s papers after his death were sold by his son, a draper at Sudbury, Suffolk, and that Nathaniel Salmon (author of the “History of Essex,” published in 1740) bought them in 1739, and afterwards sold part to Anthony Allen, master in chancery, from whom they are supposed to have come to John Booth, F.S.A. But from a document preserved in the Colchester Museum it appears that Holman himself sold his manuscripts to the vicar of Halstead, and Morant, who was then curate there, was a witness of the sale. In another place (ib. i. 344) Gough says that Holman’s papers came into Dr. Richard Rawlinson’s hands, and were left by him in 1785 to the Bodleian Library. This statement is also erroneous, for Morant, in a letter to Gough. dated 5 Sept. 1769, tells him that Rawlinson bought only the ‘refuse’ of Holman's manuscripts (Nichols, Lit. Anecd. ii, 705), and very few of Holman’s notes are now among the Rawlinson MSS. Morant, by his own account, had in his possession the larger mass of Holman’s papers, from which he derived by far the most valuable part of his volumes. They afterwards became the property of the Hills of Earl’s Colne, near Halstead, who were related to Morant. About twenty to twenty-five volumes were presented to the corporation of Colchester by the father of the present representative of the family, and are now in the museum there.
Holman also compiled in 1715 an ‘exact catalogue’ of the Jekyll MSS., which afterwards belonged to the Anstises, and subsequently came to the library of All Souls’ College, Oxford, where it now is, No. 297. A copy is in the British Museum, Egerton MS. 2832, f. 183.
[Notes kindly supplied br the Rev. C. L. Acland; Trans. of Essex Archaeol. Soc. ii. 152-3; Morant’s Essex (Preface); Brit. Mus. Addit. MS. 5811, f. 20.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Holme, Edward

​HOLME, EDWARD (1770–1847), physician, son of Thomas Holme, farmer and mercer, was born at Kendal, Westmoreland, on 17 Feb. 1770. After attending a school at Sedbergh, he spent two years at the Manchester academy, and afterwards studied at the universities of Göttingen and Edinburgh. He graduated M.D. at Leyden in December 1793, his thesis, ‘De Structura et Usu Vasorum Absorbentium,’ occupying sixty-one pages. Early in 1794 he began practice at Manchester, and was shortly afterwards elected one of the physicians to the infirmary there. He joined the Literary and Philosophical Society on settling in Manchester, and was one of its vice-presidents from 1797 to 1844, when he succeeded Dr. John Dalton as president. He was one of the founders of the Portico Library, and its president for twenty-eight years. He was also a founder and first president of both the Manchester Natural History Society and the Chetham Society. He was the first president of the medical section of the British Association at its inaugural meeting at York (1831), and presided over the Provincial Medical and Surgical Association in 1836. He became a member of the Linnean Society in 1799. He was for many years, especially after the death of John Ferriar [q. v.], a leader in his profession in Manchester, and the recognised head in all the local literary and scientific societies.
Of the fourteen essays contributed to the Literary and Philosophical Society, he only published a short ‘Note on a Roman inscription found at Manchester’ (Manchester Memoirs, vol. v.). Another essay, ‘On the History of Sculpture to the Time of Phidias,’ was printed after his death.
He died unmarried, on 28 Nov. 1847, at Manchester, leaving property worth over 50,000l., the greater part of which he bequeathed, together with his large library, to the medical department of University College, London. His portrait was engraved by J. R. Jackson, from a painting by W. Scott, belonging to the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society.
[Memoir by Dr. W. C. Henry in Trans. of Provincial Med. and Surg. Assoc. 1848, xvi. 77; Manchester Guardian, 1, 4, 8 Dec. 1847, 26 Jan., 13 May, 10 June 1848; Baker's Memorials of a Dissenting Chapel, p. 116; Univ. Coll. Library Cat. 1879.]
C. W. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Holmes, Alfred

​HOLMES, ALFRED (1837–1876), violinist and composer, son of Thomas Holmes of Lincoln, was born in London 9 Nov. 1837. He was principal soprano boy at the Oratory, King William Street, Strand, about 1847. His father gave him his first lessons in violin-playing; the study of Spohr's ‘Violin School’ and the practice of Rode, Baillot, and Kreutzer's music followed, with the result that Holmes became a finished player before he was twenty. In July 1847 he and his younger brother, Henry, his equal in talent and knowledge, played at the Haymarket Theatre for Benjamin Webster's benefit. About 1852 Spohr heard them in England, and was delighted by their renderings of his works; but their formal introduction to the public as violinists was delayed until 5 May 1853, when they appeared at the Beethoven Rooms, and their performance of Kalliwoda's double concerto, and of soli by various composers won high praise. In 1855 the brothers ​made the first of a series of concert tours on the continent, beginning with Brussels. In 1856 they visited Germany and created much sensation. Spohr heard them at Cassel, and his favourable impressions of their playing were so thoroughly confirmed that he dedicated to them his three grand duos for two violins, Op. 148, 150, and 153 (Spohr, Selbstbiographie, ii. 374). Vienna was visited in 1857, Sweden 1857–9, Denmark 1860, Amsterdam 1861. In 1864, after some successful concerts in Paris, the brothers parted. Alfred Holmes settled in Paris, and established a quartet party, but, encouraged by Berlioz, devoted himself chiefly to composition. In 1867, however, he played during a tour through Belgium, Holland, Germany, and Russia, and produced in April 1868 at St. Petersburg his symphony ‘Jeanne d'Arc.’ This work was performed in 1870 at the Théâtre Italien, Paris, where it was received with enthusiasm, and on 27 Feb. 1875 at the Crystal Palace, Sydenham. Holmes's ‘Jeunesse de Shakespeare,’ fragments of a symphony, was given at a Concert Populaire (Paris); and his opera ‘Iñez de Castro’ was accepted, although never performed, at the Grand Opera, Paris. Holmes died at Paris 4 March 1876, aged 38; a sympathetic notice of him by M. D. Nisard, member of the French Academy, appeared in the ‘Patrie’ of the 7th of the same month. Not long afterwards, two overtures, ‘The Cid’ and ‘The Muses,’ the last work from his pen, were produced in England.
His works are: Symphonies—‘Jeanne d'Arc,’ for soli, chorus, orchestra, with French words; ‘The Youth of Shakespeare,’ ‘The Siege of Paris,’ 1870; ‘Robin Hood,’ produced in Paris; ‘Charles XII’ and ‘Romeo and Juliet,’ never produced. An opera, of which Sir Michael Costa thought well, ‘Iñez de Castro,’ 1869, in five acts, libretto by Louis Uhlbach. Overtures: ‘The Cid’ and ‘The Muses,’ performed in London, 1876. Pieces for violin and pianoforte, including two nocturnes, Op. 10, c. Op. 14; and ‘La Lamentation,’ Leipzig, Op. 8; pieces also for the pianoforte alone.
[Grove's Dict. i. 743; Fétis's Biographie Universelle des Musiciens, Supplément, i. 480; Musical Times, v. 176, 205; Musical World, liv. 205; authorities cited.]
L. M. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Holmes, Edward

​HOLMES, EDWARD (1797–1859), writer on music, born in 1797, was a schoolfellow and great friend of Keats at Charles Clarke's school at Enfield. With his schoolmaster's son, Charles Cowden Clarke [q. v.], he was intimate through life. When young, Holmes was very handsome. He was apprenticed to Robert B. Seeley, the bookseller, but subsequently chose the profession of music, and studied under Vincent Novello, who generously made him an inmate of his house for several years. He thus came to know Charles Lamb and most of the men of letters of the day. Always a great admirer of Mozart, he and Novello raised a subscription for Mozart's widow, and went to Germany to present it to her in 1828. Holmes wrote an account of the trip. He taught the pianoforte in schools, and wrote the musical criticisms for the ‘Atlas’ from its commencement in 1829, and later for the ‘Spectator;’ he also contributed occasional articles to ‘Fraser's Magazine,’ and many papers to the ‘Musical Times.’ Holmes died 4 Sept. 1859. Late in life he married the sister of his friend Egerton Webb, but left no issue.
His works are: 1. ‘A Ramble among the Musicians of Germany, giving some account of the Operas of Munich, Dresden, Berlin …,’ written for the proprietors of the ‘Atlas,’ London, 1828, 8vo (it reached a third edition). 2. ‘The Life of Mozart,’ London, 1845, 8vo, based on Nissen's biography. 3. ‘Analytical and Thematic Catalogue of Mozart's Pianoforte Works,’ 1852. 4. ‘Critical Essay on the Requiem of Mozart,’ prefixed to the music in Novello's edition, 1854, 8vo. 5. ‘Life of Purcell,’ for Novello's edition of that composer's sacred music. Among his papers in the ‘Musical Times’ are a series on the English glee and madrigal composers (vol. iv.), analyses of the masses of Beethoven, Haydn, and Mozart; addenda to the ‘Life of Mozart’ (viii.); and the first of a series on the ‘Cultivation of Domestic Music,’ which he did not live to complete. Of his songs, ‘My Jenny’ was the most popular. Holmes's arrangement of Mozart's ‘Te Deum’ was published in 1844.
[Private information; Musical Times, ix. 125; C. and M. Cowden Clarke's Recollections of Writers, passim; Letters of C. Lamb, ed. Ainger, ii. 120, 197; Grove's Dictionary of Music, i. 744; Mendel's Musikalisches Conversations-Lexikon, v. 274.]
L. M. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fitzmaurice, Patrick

​FITZMAURICE, PATRICK, seventeenth Lord Kerry and Baron Lixnaw (1551?–1600), son and heir of Thomas Fitzmaurice, sixteenth lord Kerry [q. v.], was sent at an early age into England as a pledge of his father's loyalty. When he had attained the age of twenty he was allowed by Elizabeth to return to Ireland (Lodge, Peerage (Archdall), ii.) In 1580 he joined in the rebellion of the Earl of Desmond, but shortly afterwards with his brother Edmund was surprised and confined to the castle of Limerick. In August 1581 he managed to escape with the connivance, it was suspected, of his gaoler, John Sheriff, clerk of the ordnance (State Papers, Eliz. lxxxv. 9, 14). In September 1582 he was reported to have gone to Spain with the catholic bishop of Killaloe (Ham. Cal. ii. 399); but he was in January 1583 wounded at the Dingle, and in April 1587 cap​tured and committed to Dublin Castle (ib. iii. 278; Cal. Carew MSS. ii. 442). In 1588 Sir William Herbert made a laudable effort to procure his release, offering to pawn his bond to the uttermost value of his land and substance for his loyal and dutiful demeanour, ‘knowing him to be of no turbulent disposition’ (Ham. Cal. iii. 502). He was, however, opposed by St. Leger and Fitzwilliam, and despite a loving attempt on the part of his wife to obtain his freedom (ib. iv. 208) he remained in prison till 1591–2. During the last great rebellion that convulsed Ireland in Elizabeth's reign he, perhaps more from compulsion than free choice, threw in his lot with the rebels (Carew Cal. iii. 203, 300); but the evident ruin that confronted him and the loss of his castle of Lixnaw so affected him that he died shortly afterwards, August 1600 (Pacata Hib. ch. xi.). He was buried with his uncle Donald, earl of Clancar, in the Grey Friary of Irrelaugh in Desmond. He married Joan or Jane, daughter of David, lord Fermoy, and by her had Thomas, his heir [q. v.], Gerald, and Maurice, and two daughters, Joan and Eleanor (Lodge (Archdall), vol. ii.).
R. D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fitzmaurice, Thomas (1574-1630)

​FITZMAURICE, THOMAS, eighteenth Lord Kerry and Baron Lixnaw (1574–1630), was son of Patrick, seventeenth lord Kerry [q. v.], whom he followed into rebellion in 1598. After the death of his father and the
​capture of Listowel Castle by Sir Charles Wilmot in November 1600, finding himself excluded by name from all pardons offered to the rebels (Cal. Carew MSS. iii. 488, 499), he repaired into the north, where he was soon busily negotiating for aid with Tyrone and O'Donnell (ib. iv. 10). Finding that he was ‘like to save his head a great while,’ the queen expressed her willingness that he should be dealt with for pardon of his life only (ib. p. 15). But by that time he had managed to raise twelve galleys, and felt no inclination to submit (ib. p. 60). After the repulse of the northern army from Thomond in November 1601, he was driven ‘to seek safety in every bush’ (ib. p. 405). In February 1603 an attempt was made to entrap him by Captain Boys, but without success (Russell and Prendergast, Cal. i. 5–6). On 26 Oct. 1603 Sir Robert Boyle, afterwards Earl of Cork, wrote that ‘none in Munster are in action saving MacMorris, whose force is but seven horse and twelve foot, and they have fed on garrans' flesh these eight days. He is creeping out of his den to implore mercy from the lord deputy in that he saith he never offended the king’ (ib. p. 22). His application was more than successful, for he obtained a regrant of all the lands possessed by his father (king's letter, 26 Oct. 1603; ib. p. 98; cf. Erck's Cal. p. 101). His son and heir, however, was taken away from him and brought up with the Earl of Thomond as a protestant. He sat in the parliament of 1615, when a quarrel arose between him and Lords Slane and Courcy over a question of precedency (ib. v. 25), which was ultimately decided in his favour (Cal. Carew MSS. v. 313, 320). Between the father, a catholic and an ex-rebel, and the son, a protestant and ‘a gentleman of very good hope,’ there was little sympathy. The former had promised to assure to the latter a competent jointure at his marriage, but either from inability or unwillingness refused to fulfil his promise. The son complained, and the father was arrested and clapped in the Fleet (Russell and Prendergast, Cal. v. 289, 361, 392). After a short period of restraint he appears to have agreed to fulfil his contract, and was allowed to return home. Again disdaining to acknowledge the bond, and falling under suspicion of treason, he was rearrested and conveyed to London (ib. pp. 530, 535, 547). This time, we may presume, surety for his good faith was taken, for he was allowed to return to Ireland, dying at Drogheda on 3 June 1630. He was buried at Cashel, in the chapel and tomb of St. Cormac. He married, first, Honora, daughter of Conor, third earl of Thomond, by whom he had Patrick, his heir, Gerald, and Joan; secondly, Gyles, daughter of Richard, lord Power of Curraghmore, by whom he had five sons and three daughters (Lodge (Archdall), vol. ii.).
[Authorities as given in text.]
R. D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fitzjohn, Pain

​FITZJOHN, PAIN (d. 1137), judge, was a brother of Eustace Fitzjohn [q. v.] The evidence for this is a charter of Henry I (1133) to Cirencester Priory, in which Eustace and William are styled his brothers. He belonged to that official class which was fostered by Henry I. Mr. Eyton (Shropshire, i. 246–7, ii. 200) holds (on the authority of the ‘Shrewsbury Cartulary’) that he was given the government of Salop about 1127. In the ‘Pipe Roll’ of 1130 he is found acting as a justice itinerant in Staffordshire, Gloucestershire, and Northamptonshire, in conjunction with Miles of Gloucester, whose son eventually married his daughter. He is frequently, during the latter part of the reign, found as a witness to royal charters. In 1134 his castle of Caus on the Welsh border was stormed and burnt in his absence by the Welsh (Ord. Vit. v. 37). At the succession of Stephen he was sheriff of Shropshire and Herefordshire. At first he held aloof, but was eventually, with Miles of Gloucester, persuaded by Stephen to join him (Gesta, pp. 15, 16). His name is found among the witnesses to Stephen's Charter of Liberties early in 1136 (Sel. Charters, p. 114). In the following year, when attacking some Welsh rebels, he was slain (10 July 1137), and his body being brought to Gloucester, was there buried (Gesta, p. 16; Cont. Flor. Wig. ii. 98). By a charter granted shortly afterwards (Duchy of Lancaster; Royal Charters, No. 20) Stephen confirmed his whole possessions to his daughter Cicily, wife of Roger, son of Miles of Gloucester. Dugdale erroneously assigns him Robert Fitzpain as a son.
J. H. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Balmford, James

1904 Errata appended.
​BALMFORD, JAMES (b. 1556), divine, published in 1593-4 a 'Short and Plaine Dialogue concerning the unlawfulness of playing at cards,' London, 12mo. The tract, which consists of eight leaves, is dedicated to the mayor, aldermen, and burgesses of Newcastle-on-Tyne, his patrons (Life of Andrew Barnes (Surtees Society), 296, 297, 299); the dedication is dated 1 Jan. 1593-4. It is stated in Hazlitt's 'Handbook' that the 'Dialogue' appeared also in broadside form. In 1623 Balmford reprinted this 'Dialogue,' ​and added some animadversions on Thomas Gataker's treatise 'Of the Nature and Use of Lots.' In the 'Address to the Christian Reader, being one of those men who (according to St. Paul's prophecy) love pleasures more than God' which is dated 14 Sept. 1620, the author speaks of himself as 'a man of 64 yeares compleate.' Gataker lost no time in replying, and in the same year published 'A Just Defence of certaine Passages in a former Treatise concerning the Nature and Use of Lots against such exceptions and oppositions as have been made thereunto by Mr. J. B.,' 4to, a voluminous book of some two hundred and fifty pages, in which the writer states his opponent's objections in full, and answers them point by point. In 1607 Balmford published 'Carpenter's Chippes, or Simple Tokens of unfeined good will to the Christian friends of J. B., the poor Carpenter's sonne.' The book, which is dedicated to the Countess of Cumberland, contains three discourses:— (1) 'The Authoritie of the Lord's Day;' (2) 'State of the Church of Rome; (3) ' Execution of Priests.' Balmford is also the author of 'A Shorte Catechisme summarily comprizing the principal points of the Christian faith,' London, 1607, 8vo, and of 'A Short Dialogue concerning the Plagues Infection,' 1603, 8 vo, dedicated by Balmford to his parishioners at St. Olave's, Southwark.
[Watt's Bibl. Brit.; British Museum Catalogue; Hazlitt's Handbook; Hazlitt's Collection and NotcH, second series.]
A. H. B.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.14 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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