OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar/140. Noun-clauses, Verbal-clauses, and the Compound Sentence

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CHAPTER II
THE SENTENCE
The Sentence in General.
a 1. Every sentence, the subject and predicate of which are nouns or their equivalents (esp. participles), is called a noun-clause, e.g. יָהוָֹה מַלְכֵּנוּ the Lord is our king, Is 33; וְאַנְשֵׁי סְדֹם רָעִים וְחַטָּאִים now the men of Sodom were wicked and sinners, Gn 13; פֶּה לָהֶם a mouth is theirs, ψ 115; see further, § 141.
b 2. Every sentence, the subject of which is a noun (or pronoun included in a verbal-form) and its predicate a finite verb, is called a verbal-clause, e.g. וַיֹּא֫מֶר אֱלֹהִים and God said, Gn 1; וַיַּבְדֵּל and he divided, 1:7; see further, § 142.
c Rem. In the last example the pronominal subject is at least indicated by the preformative (י), and in almost all forms of the perfect by afformatives. The 3rd pers. sing. perf. however, which contains no indication of the subject, must also be regarded as a full verbal-clause.
d 3. Every sentence, the subject or predicate of which is itself a full clause, is called a compound sentence, e.g. ψ 18 הָאֵל תָּמִים דַּרְכּוֹ God—his way is perfect, equivalent to God’s way is perfect; Gn 34 שְׁכֶם בְּנִי חָֽשְׁקָה נַפְשׁוֹ בְּבִתְּכֶם my son Shechem—his soul longeth for your daughter; see further, § 143.
e 4. The above distinction between different kinds of sentences—especially between noun- and verbal-clauses—is indispensable to the more delicate appreciation of Hebrew syntax (and that of the Semitic languages generally), since it is by no means merely external or formal, but involves fundamental differences of meaning. Noun-clauses with a substantive as predicate, represent something fixed, a state or in short, a being so and so; verbal-clauses on the other hand, something moveable and in progress, an event or action. The latter description is indeed true in a certain sense also of noun-clauses ​with a participial predicate, except that in their case the event or action (as distinguished from that expressed by the verbal-clause) is of a fixed and abiding character.
f Rem. By the Arab grammarians every clause beginning with an independent subject is regarded as a noun-clause, and every clause beginning with a finite verb as verbal. If a finite verb follows the noun-subject the two together (since the verb comprises its own subject and is thus a complete verbal-clause) form a compound noun-sentence, just as when the predicate consists of an independent noun-clause. Though this definition of the different kinds of sentence, which we formerly accepted (in § 144 a of the 22nd to the 24th German editions of this Grammar), is rejected above, a–d, we must, nevertheless, mention here the point in which this more complicated view of the Arab grammarians may be regarded as at least relatively correct, namely, in classifying verbal-clauses according as the subject precedes or follows the verb, a distinction which is often of great importance in Hebrew also; see further, in § 142 a.
# Hart v. United States (118 U.S. 62)

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United States Supreme Court
118 U.S. 62
Hart v. United States
Argued: April 26, 1886. ---
John J. Weed, for appellant.
Sol. Gen. Goode, for appellees.
BLATCHFORD, J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Hart v. United States (391 U.S. 956)

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## Dissenting Opinion

    Douglas
United States Supreme Court
391 U.S. 956
Hart v. United States
On Petition for Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
No. 1044, Misc. Argued: N/A --- Decided: May 27, 1968
Mercer D. Tate, for petitioner.
Solicitor General Griswold, Assistant Attorney General Vinson and Beatrice Rosenberg, for the United States.
Denied.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Hart v. Sansom

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United States Supreme Court
110 U.S. 151
Hart v. Sansom
Henry J. Leovy and W. Hallett Phillips, for plaintiff in error.
A. S. Lathrop, for defendants in error.
GRAY, J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Hart v. United States

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Hart v. United States."
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This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Hart v. United States (95 U.S. 316)
* Hart v. United States (118 U.S. 62)
* Hart v. United States (391 U.S. 956)
See also United States v. Hart.
# Hart v. James

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HART et al. verʃus JAMES. 2 Actions.
T
“ of our report in the actions of John Hart and Chamleʃs Hart againft
“ Benjamin James, we find due to the Plaintiffs in the firft action the
“ fum of Ł325. 19. 5. and, in the fecond, the fum of
“ Ł 668. 2. 9.” — This certificate was filed on the 15th of Auguʃt, when writs of ʃicri ƒacias were taken out, without giving notice of the report to the Defendant ; who, however, accidentally heard of it, and on the 18th of Auguʃt, after the executions were iffued, befiled the following exceptions. ​ 1. That one report is made in two actions. severally referred.
2. That the Referees filed a supplementary report without the knowledge of the Defendant, at the instance of the Plaintiffs.
3. That the first report is on condition, and therefore the Referees have mistaken a plain point of law; the second report being made after their authority had expired.
4. That the promissory notes for which the actions were brought, are not in the Plaintiffs hands, but assigned for a valuable consideration, and, therefore, there is no legal cause of action.
The exception being oppofed by Fisher for the Plaintiffs, and supported by Ingersoll and Dallas for the Defendant, THE COURT seemed clearly of opinion, that the first report could not be maintained ; that the supplementary report was irregular ; and that the rule rule of reference to report to next term , did not authorise the issuing execution upon the report into office during the vacation (particularly without notice to the Defendant) although a term had intervened between the entering of the rule, and the appointment of the Referees.
No opinion was given on the other points, but the execution and report were, for the above reasons, set aside, and the actions, by consent, referred de novo.
# Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar/25. Unchangeable Vowels

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a What vowels in Hebrew are unchangeable, i.e. are not liable to attenuation (to Š$^e$wâ), modification, lengthening, or shortening, can be known with certainty only from the nature of the grammatical forms, and in some cases by comparison with Arabic (cf. § 1 m). This hems good especially of the essentially long vowels, i.e. those long by nature or contraction, as distinguished from those which are only lengthened rhythmically, i.e. on account of the special laws which in Hebrew regulate the tone and the formation of syllables. The latter, when a change takes place in the position of the tone or in the division of syllables, readily become short again, or are reduced to a mere vocal Š$^e$wâ.
b 1. The essentially long and consequently, as a rule (but cf. § 26 p, § 27 n, o), unchangeable vowels of the second and third class, î, ê, û, ô, can often be recognized by means of the vowel letters which accompany them (־ִי, ־ֵי, וּ, וֹ); e.g. יֵיטִיב he does well, חֵיכָל palace, גְּבוּל boundary, קוֹל voice. The defective writing (§ 8 i) is indeed common enough, e.g. יֵיטִב and יֵטִיב for יֵיטִיב; גְּבֻל for נְבוּל; קֹל for קוֹל, but this is merely an orthographic licence and has no influence on the quantity of the vowel; the û in גְּבֻל is just as necessarily long, as in גְּבוּל.
As an exception, a merely tone-long vowel of both these classes is sometimes written fully, e.g. יִקְטוֹל for יִקְטֹל.
c 2. The essentially or naturally long â (Qameṣ impure), unless it has become ô (cf. § 9 q), has as a rule in Hebrew no representative among the consonants, while in Arabic it is regularly indicated by א; on the few instances of this kind in Hebrew, cf. § 9 b, § 23 g. The naturally long â and the merely tone-long ā therefore can only be distinguished by an accurate knowledge of the forms.
​d 3. Short vowels in closed syllables (§ 26 b), which are not final, are as a rule unchangeable, e.g. מַלְבּוּשׁ garment, מִדְבָּר wilderness, מַמְלָכָה kingdom; similarly, short vowels in sharpened syllables, i.e. before Dageš forte, e.g. גַּנָּב thief.
e 4. Finally, those long vowels are unchangeable which, owing to the omission of the strengthening in a guttural or ר, have arisen by lengthening from the corresponding short vowels, and now stand in an open syllable, e.g. מֵאֵן for mĭʾʾēn; בֹּרַךְ for burrakh.
# Gadsby/Chapter 34

XXXIV
Gadsby, Clancy and Dowd “just had” to, according to unanimous opinion, go out to Lady Standish’s suburban plot of ground to visit “Big Four;” Gadsby, owing to an inborn liking for all animals; Clancy and Dowd from fond association with this particular group. It was a glorious spot; high, rolling land, with a patch of cool, shady woods, and a grand vista across hill and plain, with shining ponds and rich farm lands. And did “Big Four” know Clancy and Dowd? I’ll say so! And soon, with much happy whinnying and “acting up,” with two big roans poking inquiring snouts in Clancy’s hands, and two big blacks snuggling Gadsby and Dowd, as happy a group of Man and animals as you could wish for, was soon accompanying Lady Standish around that vast patch.
Anything that such animals could want was at hand. A bright, sparkling brook was gabbling and gurgling through a stony gully, or dropping, with many brilliant rainbows, down a tiny fall.
“Sally,” said Gadsby, “you do a grand work in maintaining this spot. If Mankind, as a body, would only think as you do, that an animal has a ​brain, and knows good living conditions, you wouldn’t find so many poor, scraggly old Dobbins plodding around our towns, dragging a cart far too big; and with a man totally without sympathy on it.”
And Lady Standish said:—
“I just can’t think of anybody abusing an animal; nor of allowing it to stay around, sick, hurt or hungry. I think that an animal is but a point short of human; and, having a skin varying but slightly from our own, will know as much pain from a whipping as would a human child. A blow upon any animal, if I am within sight, is almost as a blow upon my own body. You would think that, with that vast gap which Mankind is continually placing back of him in his onward march in improving this big world, Man would think, a bit, of his pals of hoof, horn and claw. But I am glad to say that, in this country, laws in many a community admit that an animal has rights. Oh, how an animal that is hurt looks up at you, John! An animal’s actions can inform you if it is in pain. It don’t hop and jump around as usual. No. You find a sad, crouching, cringing, small bunch of fur or hair, whining, and plainly asking you to aid it. It isn’t hard to find out what is wrong, John; any man or woman who would pass by such a sight, just ​isn’t worth knowing. I just can’t withstand it! Why, I think that not only animals, but plants can know pain. I carry a drink to many a poor, thirsty growing thing; or, if it is torn up I put it kindly back, and fix its soil up as comfortably as I can. Anything that is living, John, is worthy of Man’s aid.”
# Gadsby/Chapter 31

XXXI
On a grand Autumn morning Branton Hills’ “Post” boys ran shouting down Broadway, showing in half-foot wording: “FIGHTING STOPS!! HISTORY’S MOST DISASTROUS WAR IS HISTORY NOW!!!” and again, Branton Hills stood stock still. But only for an instant; for soon, it was, in all minds:—
“Thank God!! Oh, ring your loud church clarions! Blow your factory blasts! Shout! Cry! Sing! Play, you bands! Burst your drums! Crack your cymbals!”
Ah, what a sight on Broadway! Shop girls pouring out! Shop janitors boarding up big glass windows against a surging mob! And, (sh-h-h-h) many a church having in its still sanctity a woman or girl at its altar rail.
Months, months, months! Branton Hills was again at its big railroad station, its Municipal Band playing our grand National air, as a long troop train, a solid mass of bunting, was snorting noisily in. And, amidst that outpouring flood of Branton Hills boys, Lady Gadsby, Nancy, Kathlyn and His Honor found Bill, Julius, Frank and ​John. Sarah was just “going all apart” in Paul’s arms, with Virginia swooning in Harold’s.
On old Lady Flanagan’s porch sat Mary Antor; for, having had no word from Norman for months, this grand young Salvation Army lass was in sad, sad doubt. But soon, as that shouting mob was drifting away, and happy family groups walking citywards, a khaki-clad lad, hurrying to old Lady Flanagan’s cabin, and jumping that low, ivy-clad wall, had Mary, sobbing and laughing, in his arms. No. It wasn’t Norman.
# Gadsby/Chapter 27

XXVII
Widow Adams was sitting up again, for it was way past midnight, and Virginia was out. Many months ago Virginia was also out, and was brought back, unconscious. So now Nina was again sitting up, for Virginia was not a night-owl sort of a girl. Finally, around two o’clock, Nina couldn’t stand it, and had to call in a passing patrolman. Now this patrolman was an original Organization of Youth boy, and had always known Nina and Virginia; and said:—
“Oh, now! I wouldn’t worry so. Possibly a bus had a blowout; or—”
“But Virginia said nothing about going on a bus! Oh!! How could that child vanish so?”
Naturally, all that that patrolman could do was to call his station; and Nina, almost all in, lay down, until, just about dawn a jangling ringing brought this half wild woman to a front hall, shouting:—
“This is Nina Adams talking! Who? What? Virginia, is that you? What’s wrong? What! You and Harold Thompson? Our aviator? You did what? Took his aircraft to what city? Why, that’s so far you can’t——” but Virginia had hung up. ​So Nina also hung up, and sat down with a big, long sigh:—
“My Virginia, not running away, but flying away, to marry! Oh, this Youth of today!”
Around six o’clock that night, Virginia and Harold stood arm in arm in Nina’s parlor, as a big bus was groaning noisily away.
“But, Mama,” said Virginia, sobbing pitifully, “I didn’t think you would——”
“That’s just it, Virginia, you didn’t think!! But you should! How could I know what was going on? That’s just you young folks of today. You think of nothing but your own silly, foolish doings, and you allow us old good-for-nothings to go crazy with worry!!” and Nina sank in a gasping swoon onto a sofa.
But old Doc Wilkins, arriving at Virginia’s frantic call, knowing Nina’s iron constitution from childhood, soon had that limp form back to normal; and, with a dark, disapproving scowl at Virginia, said:—
“Bring in a good batch of hot food, and your Ma will turn out all right,” and going out, with a snort of disgust, and banging viciously that big front door!
# Gitanjali/26

26
He came and sat by my side but I woke not. What a cursed sleep it was, O miserable me!
He came when the night was still; he had his harp in his hands, and my dreams became resonant with its melodies.
​ Alas, why are my nights all thus lost? Ah, why do I ever miss his sight whose breath touches my sleep?
# Gitanjali/29

29
He whom I enclose with my name is weeping in this dungeon. I am ever busy building this wall all around; and as this wall goes up into the sky day by day I lose sight of my true being in its dark shadow.
I take pride in this great wall, and I plaster it with dust and sand lest a least hole should be left in this name; and for all the care I take I lose sight of my true being.
# Gitanjali/28

28
Obstinate are the trammels, but my heart aches when I try to break them.
Freedom is all I want, but to hope for it I feel ashamed.
I am certain that priceless wealth is in thee, and that thou art my best friend, but I have not the heart to sweep away the tinsel that fills my room.
The shroud that covers me is a shroud of dust and death; I hate it, yet hug it in love.
My debts are large, my failures great, ​ my shame secret and heavy; yet when I come to ask for my good, I quake in fear lest my prayer be granted.
# Gitanjali/30

30
I came out alone on my way to my tryst. But who is this that follows me in the silent dark?
​I move aside to avoid his presence but I escape him not.
He makes the dust rise from the earth with his swagger; he adds his loud voice to every word that I utter.
He is my own little self, my lord, he knows no shame; but I am ashamed to come to thy door in his company.
# Gitanjali/31

31
"Prisoner, tell me, who was it that bound you?"
"It was my master," said the prisoner. "I thought I could outdo everybody in the world in wealth and power, and I amassed in my own treasure-house the money due to my king. When sleep overcame me I lay upon the bed that was for my lord, and on waking up I found I was a prisoner in my own treasure-house."
​ "Prisoner, tell me who was it that wrought this unbreakable chain?"
"It was I," said the prisoner, "who forged this chain very carefully. I thought my invincible power would hold the world captive leaving me in a freedom undisturbed. Thus night and day I worked at the chain with huge fires and cruel hard strokes. When at last the work was done and the links were complete and unbreakable, I found that it held me in its grip."
# Gitanjali/27

27
Light, oh where is the light? Kindle it with the burning fire of desire!
There is the lamp but never a flicker of a flame,—is such thy fate, my heart! Ah, death were better by far for thee!
Misery knocks at thy door, and her message is that thy lord is wakeful, and he calls thee to the love-tryst through the darkness of night
The sky is overcast with clouds and the rain is ceaseless. I know not what this is that stirs in me,—I know not its meaning.
A moment's flash of lightning drags down a deeper gloom on my sight, and my heart gropes for the path to where the music of the night calls me.
​ Light, oh where is the light! Kindle it with the burning fire of desire! It thunders and the wind rushes screaming through the void. The night is black as a black stone. Let not the hours pass by in the dark. Kindle the lamp of love with thy life.
# Gitanjali/3

3
I know not how thou singest, my master! I ever listen in silent amazement.
The light of thy music illumines the world. The life breath of thy music runs from sky to sky. The holy stream of thy music breaks through all stony obstacles and rushes on.
My heart longs to join in thy song, but vainly struggles for a voice. I would speak, but speech breaks not into song, and I cry out baffled. Ah, thou hast made my heart captive in the endless meshes of thy music, my master!
# Gitanjali/32

32
By all means they try to hold me secure who love me in this world. But it is otherwise with thy love which is greater than theirs, and thou keepest me free.
Lest I forget them they never venture to leave me alone. But day passes by after day and thou art not seen.
​If I call not thee in my prayers, if I keep not thee in my heart, thy love for me still waits for my love.
# Gitanjali/33

33
When it was day they came into my house and said, "We shall only take the smallest room here."
They said, "We shall help you in the worship of your God and humbly accept only our own share of his grace"; and then they took their seat in a corner and they sat quiet and meek.
But in the darkness of night I find they break into my sacred shrine, strong and turbulent, and snatch with unholy greed the offerings from God's altar.
# Gitanjali/34

34
Let only that little be left of me whereby I may name thee my all.
​Let only that little be left of my will whereby I may feel thee on every side, and come to thee in everything, and offer to thee my love every moment.
Let only that little be left of me whereby I may never hide thee.
Let only that little of my fetters be left whereby I am bound with thy will, and thy purpose is carried out in my life and that is the fetter of thy love.
# Helvering v. Hutchings

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United States Supreme Court
312 U.S. 393
Helvering v. Hutchings
Argued: Jan. 8, 1941. --- Decided: March 3, 1941
Messrs. Francis Biddle, Sol. Gen., and Robert H. Jackson, Atty. Gen., for petitioner.
Messrs. Rupert R. Harkrider and T. W. Lain, both of Galveston, Tex., for respondent.
Mr. Justice STONE delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Helvering v. Helmholz

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United States Supreme Court
296 U.S. 93
Helvering v. Helmholz
Argued: Oct. 15, 16, 1935. --- Decided: Nov 11, 1935
The Attorney General and Mr. David E. Hudson, of Washington, D.C., for petitioner.
Messrs. James Quarles, of Washington, D.C., and Louis Quarles, of Milwaukee, Wis., for respondent.
Mr. Justice ROBERTS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Helvering v. Hammel

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United States Supreme Court
311 U.S. 504
Helvering v. Hammel
Argued: Dec. 11, 1940. --- Decided: Jan 6, 1941
Messrs. Robert H. Jackson, Atty. Gen., and Norman D. Keller, Sp. Asst. to Atty. Gen., for petitioner.
Mr. John J. Sloan, of Detroit, Mich., for respondents.
Mr. Justice STONE delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Helvering v. Hallock

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United States Supreme Court
309 U.S. 106
Helvering v. Hallock
Argued: and Submitted Dec. 13, 14, 1939. --- Decided: Jan 29, 1940
In Nos. 110-112:
[Syllabus from pages 106-108 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Arnold Raum, for petitioner.
Messrs. Walker H. Nye and Ashley M. Vau Duzer, both of Cleveland, Ohio, for respondents Hallock.
Mr. W. H. Annat, of Cleveland, Ohio, for respondent Squire.
In No. 183:
Mr. Arnold Raum, of Washington, D.C., for petitioner.
Mr. Wm. R. Spofford, of Philadelphia, Pa., for respondent Huston.
In No. 399: Messrs. J. Gilmer Korner, Jr., of Washington, D.C., and David S. Day, of Bridgeport, Conn., for petitioners Bryant.
Mr. Arnold Raum, for respondent Helvering.
Mr. Justice FRANKFURTER delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse