OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New Student's Reference Work/Polecat

See also Polecat on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Pole′cat, a carnivourous animal with a long, slim body like a weasel. Four species inhabit the northern hemisphere. The common polecat of Europe is dark brown above and black below. Its fur is of little value. They sleep by day, and at night plunder poultry-yards and dove-cotes. They feed also on rabbits, rats, mice and birds. Very similar species are found in Siberia, Tibet and North America. These animals emit a foul odor when disturbed. The ferret is a domesticated variety of polecat. In the United States the name sometimes is applied to the skunk incorrectly.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Polestar

See also Polaris on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Pole′star or Pola′ris, the star nearest to the northern pole of the celestial quarter. The star which at present goes under the name of the polestar is Alpha in the constellation of Ursa Minor. This star, however, is a little more than 1° from the north pole and has a sensible motion around it. This star will in about 2,100 A. D. come within 28′ of the north pole of the heavens, and then recede. Two thousand years ago Beta of Ursa Minor was the polestar, and about 2,300 B. C. Alpha in the constellation of the Dragon was not more than 10′ from the north pole, while 12,000 years after the present time the bright star Vega in Lyra will be within 5° of it.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Fakhr-ad-Din ar-Razi

Edition of 1905. See also Fakhr al-Din al-Razi on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
FAKHR-AD-DIN AR-RAZI, fäk'r-ȧd-dḗn' är-rä'zḗ, also known as Ibn al Khatin (1149-1210). A Mohammedan philosopher and theologian. He was born at Rai, Tabarestan; first studied with his father, and later at Merv and Maragha, where he was one of the pupils of Al Majd al Jili, who in turn had been a disciple of Al-Ghazali. He was accused of rationalism, despite the fact that he restored many to the orthodox faith. Nevertheless, his commentary on the Koran, entitled Māfatih-al-haib (best ed., 6 vols., in the year 1278 of the Hejira), is the most varied and many-sided of all extant works of the kind, comprising most of the material of importance that had previously appeared. Fakhr-ad-din also devoted himself to a wide range of studies, and is said to have expended a large fortune on experiments in alchemy. He taught at Rai and Ghazni, and became head of the university founded by Mohammed Ibn Tukush at Herat.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Falaise

Edition of 1905. See also Falaise, Calvados on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
FALAISE, fȧ'lắz'. The capital of an arrondissement in the Department of Calvados, France, on the Ante, 31 miles southeast of Caen by rail (Map: France, F 3). It is built on a bluff (falaise), whence its name. The chief buildings are the two Gothic churches, the hospital, the public library, and the ruined castle, once the seat of the dukes of Normandy, and the birthplace of William the Conqueror, a statue of whom stands on the Place Saint Gervais. In the castle, the chamber in which the Conqueror was born is shown, as well as a round tower, 130 feet high, called ‘Talbot's’ tower, which was built by Talbot, who was lord warden of the district, after the capture of Falaise by Henry V. of England. Falaise has manufactures of cottons, hosiery, and bobbinet. An important annual horse and cattle fair, dating from the eleventh century, is held in August, at Guibray, a suburb. Population, in 1901, 7657.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Falanaka

Edition of 1905. See also Falanouc on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
FALANAKA, fä'lȧ-nä'kȧ (Malagasy word). A peculiar fossorial civet (Eupleres Goudotii) of Madagascar, remarkable for its slender skull and the weakness of its jaws and the small size of the teeth, which are insectivore-like, and, with other characteristics, make this animal the most aberrant of the Viverridæ. Accordingly it is placed in a subfamily (Euplerinæ) by itself.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Falck, Niels Nikolaus

Edition of 1905. See also Niels Nikolaus Falck on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
FALCK, fälk, Niels Nikolaus (1784-1850). A German jurist. He was born at Emmerlef, Schleswig, and was educated at Kiel. In 1814 he became professor of law at Kiel, and in 1838
he was appointed president of the Schleswig-Holstein Assembly of the States, but lost the support of the Liberals by his vacillating policy. He published a Juristische Encyklopädie (5th ed. 1851), and was a prolific author in the history and jurisprudence of Schleswig-Holstein. His works include: Handbuch des schleswig-holsteinischen Privatrechts (1825-48); and Sammlungen zur nähern Kunde des Vaterlandes (1819-25). He also edited the Staatsbürgerliches Magazin (10 vols., 1821-31; continued as Neues Staatsbürgerliches Magazin, 10 vols., 1833-41).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Fabian Society, The

Edition of 1905. See also Fabian Society on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
FABIAN SOCIETY, The. An organization for the advancement of socialism. Thus far it has been the most important socialistic society in England. It started in London, but similar organizations are now found in many other cities.
In 1883 an American, Thomas Davidson, who chanced to be in London, held parlor conferences with a group of literary workers chiefly, on the social duties of the times. This group continued to hold informal conferences. Socialistic theories gradually gained the upper hand in one section, and it finally became definitely socialistic. The Society took its name from the Roman Fabius. In 1888 the society began holding public meetings. The addresses have since been published as the Fabian Essays (American edition, Boston, 1894). The society carries on an active propaganda through the press, free lectures, etc. It seeks the nationalization of land and of such industries as can be ‘conveniently managed socially.’ Rent and interest must be added to the reward of labor. The idle class must disappear and practical equality of opportunity be gained. The present leader of the society is the politician and writer Sidney Webb. See Socialism.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Fakir

Edition of 1905. See also Fakir on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
FAKIR, fȧ-kēr' (Ar. faqīr, beggar, religious mendicant, from faqura, to be poor). In general, a religious mendicant; more specifically, a Hindu marvel-worker or priestly juggler, usually peripatetic and indigent. The fakir may be regarded as a differentiated shaman or sorcerer, standing midway between the best and the worst products of the original class — i.e. between priest and beggar. There are, however, many classes, defined chiefly by cult, but also by race, school, or particular craft. In Mohammedan countries fakirs are usually divided into two classes — the orthodox, or those ‘within the law,’ and the heterodox, or those ‘without the law.’ In portions of India, also, there is a particularly orthodox or elevated class, known as yogis, with a much larger irregular or outlaw class; and in some sections the fakirs grade into dervishes, some of whom engage in religious rites or invocations involving peculiar postures or movements, such as spinning on the toes with outstretched arms for hours at a time. The Hindu fakirs are probably the most expert jugglers in the world, and many of their feats have puzzled the most acute Western students — some have never been fully explained. They appear to be adepts in sleight-of-hand, in hypnotism, in ventriloquism, in producing illusions, and in controlling organic reactions by voluntary effort, and many of the current devices of jugglery in other parts of the world have been borrowed from them. The parallelism between the Hindu fakir and the Amerind
shaman is particularly close, as in the mango trick of the one and the corn trick of the other. In both cases the plant is apparently grown in eight of the spectators, in a few minutes, from the seed, through the tender shoot, the forming bud, the full bloom, the immature truit, and the ripened product, all by an ingenious series of illusions, but the Oriental trick has become little more than a feat of jugglery; the Occidental one remains a part of a solemn religious ceremony. See Man, Science of, section Sophiology.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Falb, Rudolf

Edition of 1905. See also Rudolf Falb on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
FALB, fälp, Rudolf (1838-1903). An Austrian meteorologist, born at Obdach, Styria. He studied theology at Gratz, and although ordained to the priesthood subsequently became converted to Protestantism. From 1869 to 1872 he studied mathematics, physics, geology, and astronomy at Prague and Vienna, and from 1877 to 1880 he traveled through North and South America. Subsequently he became established at Berlin. He became widely known by his theory that the influence of the sun and moon, exercised conjointly on the atmosphere and on the molten material beneath the earth's surface, produces earthquakes and other disturbances of nature. This theory has, however, found no acceptance among scientists. He was popularly known for his predictions of ‘critical days.’ In 1868 he founded the popular astronomical periodical Sirius (conducted from 1882 by Klein) . His works include: Von den Umwälzungen im Weltall (3d ed. 1890); Das Wetter und der Mond (2 ed. 1892); Kalender der kritischen Tage (1892 et seq.).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Falcón

Edition of 1905. See also Falcón on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
FALCÓN, fȧl-kōn'. A maritime State of Venezuela, occupying the territory around Lake Maracaibo in the northwestern part of the Republic (Map: Venezuela, C 1). Including the former State of Zulia, annexed since 1881, Falcón covers an area of 36,212 square miles. It is traversed by a chain of low mountains, and the soil in the valleys is very fruitful, though the coast regions are dry and barren. The chief products are coffee, cacao, corn, cotton, sugar-cane, cocoanuts, fruits, and tobacco. Stock-raising is of importance, and the State has some mineral wealth. Population of Falcón, in 1894, 141,689. Maracaibo is the capital.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Moabites

See also Moab on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Mo′abites, a Semitic people who lived in the country east of the Jordan and the Dead Sea, their land being divided by the River Ammon. They were subject to the Jews in the time of David, but revolted about 850 B. C., and joined the Assyrians against the Jews. They are now lost in the Arab tribes of the region. Their country contains many rude stone monuments, such as have been found in the British Isles, supposed to be the altars of their worship. A large stone with an inscription of 34 lines, in Hebrew-Phœnician letters, was found in 1868 among the ruins of the ancient city of Dibon. It was broken by the Arabs, but ​subsequently was carefully put together and placed in the Louvre at Paris. It is the record of the revolt of Mesha, king of Moab, who is mentioned in 2 Kings iii, against the king of Israel. See Heth and Moab by Conder and Records of the Past by Neubauer.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Mobile (Alabama)

See also Mobile, Alabama on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Mobile (mō-bēl′), the only seaport of Alabama, is situated on the west side of Mobile River, at the head of Mobile Bay. It is built on a sandy plain rising gradually from the river, with broad streets shaded with live oaks and magnolias. It has a large cotton and timber trade, and manufactures cottonseed oil, chewing gum, cigars and leather. Its public buildings include a city hall, market house, cathedral and a Catholic college in the neighborhood. Mobile has successively been a French, English, Spanish and American city. It was the capital of Louisiana under the French until 1723, when New Orleans became the seat of government. In 1763 the lands east of the Mississippi, including Mobile, were ceded to England, and in 1783 the British possessions on the Gulf of Mexico were yielded to Spain, which kept possession until 1813. The city has a large manufacturing and export trade in cottongoods, flour, lumber and farm products. Population 51,521.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Mobile (river)

See also Mobile River on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Mobile, a river in the southern part of Alabama, formed by the union of the Alabama and Tombigbee Rivers. The name is that of the Indian tribe living in the region when first settled by whites. The river divides into two branches, the western one taking the name. These two streams, after several more divisions, unite and flow into Mobile Bay. The river is 45 miles long.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Mitford, Mary Russell

See also Mary Russell Mitford on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Mitford, Mary Russell, an English writer, was born in Hampshire, England, Dec. 16, 1787. On her tenth birthday her father bought her a lottery ticket, which drew a prize of $100,000. This money was extravagantly spent, lasting only long enough to give her a good education. She had to write to support the family, and wrote for magazines, and plays for the stage, having earlier published a volume of poems. Her best work was the sketches she wrote of the life around her, which appeared first in the London Magazine and were collected in five volumes under the title of Our Village. She also published Recollections of a Literary Life and Atherton, a story, but her fame depends upon the charming sketches. She received a pension from the government, which made her comfortable in her cottage, where she spent the remainder of her life, the center of a large circle of literary friends. She died on Jan. 10, 1855. See Life and Friendships of Mary Russell Mitford by L'Estrange.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Mivart, St. George

See also St. George Jackson Mivart on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Mivart (mīv′ärt), St. George, an English naturalist, was born at London, Nov. 30, 1827, and educated at Kings College. His chief publications were Genesis of Species, Elementary Anatomy, Man and Apes, Contemporary Evolution, The Cat, Nature and Thought, Types of Animal Life and The Origin of Human Reason. In the main he agreed with Darwin, although working independently of him, and at times he was considered to be radically in opposition to some of the theories of the later Darwinian school.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Mithradates the Great

See also Mithridates VI of Pontus on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Mithradates (mith-rä-dā′tēz) the Great, a king of Pontus (111—63 B. C.), Armenia and Parthia, countries in Asia Minor. He became king when about 13. The first Mithradatic War, as it is called, was against Bithynia, whose king was sustained by the Romans. At first Mithradates conquered the Roman provinces in Asia Minor, but finally he had to make peace, giving up all his Asiatic conquests. In the second war, 83-81 B. C., Mithradates was successful; but he was defeated in the third war (74 to 66 B. C.), Pompey finally driving him to his northern territories. Here he planned revenge, but was prevented from carrying out his purpose by the rebellion of his son, when in desperation he ended his life by suicide in 63 B. C. He was one of the strong eastern despots, well-educated, speaking all the 22 languages in use among his subjects. He made a fine collection of gems, pictures and statues.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Mobile (bay)

See also Mobile Bay on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Mobile, a bay on the coast of Alabama, about 30 miles long and 10 or 12 wide. The entrance from the Gulf of Mexico is only three miles wide, and is guarded by Fort Morgan and Fort Gaines. It also has an outlet on the southwest, used by small steamers between Mobile and New Orleans. The upper part of the bay is shallow, and is becoming more so all the time from the sediment left by the rivers flowing into it. There are three lighthouses on its shores. One of the great naval battles of the Civil War was fought (Aug. 5, 1864) between Admirals Farragut and Buchanan on the bay.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Mitosis

See also the disclaimer.
​Mito′sis. See Karyokinesis.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Moberly, Mo.

See also Moberly, Missouri on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Moberly (mō′bẽr-lĭ), Mo., city, in Randolph County, about 125 miles northwest of St. Louis. The surrounding country is agricultural, and in the vicinity are deposits of fireclay and extensive coal fields. It has flour and lumber mills, brick and lumber yards, a foundry, ice factory and the Wabash Railway's machine-shops. The city has good public and parochial schools, a public library and a Young Men's Christian Association building, and is the seat of St. Mary's Academy. It has the service of two railroads. Population 10,936.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Mitylene

See also the disclaimer.
​Mityle′ne. See Lesbos.
# The New Zealander

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "The New Zealander."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* The New Zealander, a poem by Aubrey Herbert, writing as Ben Kendim
* The New Zealander, essay by Anthony Trollope
# The New Zealand Gazette/1839/08/21/First Colony of New Zealand

First Colony of New Zealand.
Committee,
With power to add to their number,
George Samuel Evans, D.C.L., Chairman. Hon. Henry Petre. Captain Daniell. Dudley Sinclair, Esq. Francis Molesworth. Edward Betts Hopper, Esq. George Dupppa, Esq. William Swainson, Esq., F.R.S. Robert Henry Wood, Esq.
Under the above designation a Society has been formed, in connexion with the New Zealand Land Company, and consisting exclusively of heads of families and others, intending to settle permanently in New Zealand on lands purchased from the Company.
The object of this society is to promote co-operation in the numerous measures of preparation requisite for establishing a prosperous settlement.
The Society already numbers a considerable body of gentlemen, who have determined to emigrate with their families and property. Others, who may entertain similar views, are invited to join them. Qualification of a member of the Society, the purchase of 100 acres of land; of a member of the committee, 500 acres; including, in both cases, part of the first town. The greater part of the purchase money to be expended by the Company on the emigration of the purchasers, their families and servants. Members admitted by ballot only.
The Colony will depart in a body during August next, so as to reach their destination about Midsummer (in the southern hemisphere), when the site of the first town will have been determined and prepared for their reception by a preliminary expedition now on its way to New Zealand.
The Committee meets daily at the offices of the New Zealand Land Company, No. 1 Adam Street, Adelphi, where further information may be obtained on application (if by letter, post paid) to the Chairman of the society.
# The Newcastle Associators

one or more pieces are available in a format using the Score extension.
* "The Newcastle Associators", broadside printing (c. 1684–1688)
* "The Newcastle Associators" in A Collection, of One Hundred and Eighty Loyal Songs (1694)
# The Newfoundland

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
176 U.S. 97
The Newfoundland
Argued: November 3, 6, 1899. --- Decided: January 15, 1900
Messrs. Theodore G. Barker and G. A. R. Rowlings for appellant.
Assistant Attorney General Hoyt and Messrs. Joseph K. McCammon and James H. Hayden for appellees.
Mr. Justice McKenna delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The New Zealand Gazette/1839/08/21

See the scan index for this issue.
The New Zealand Gazette
* No. I.
* Historical Sketch of the Colonization of New Zealand
* The Government of New Zealand
* First Colony of New Zealand
* Regulations for Labourers Wishing to Emigrate to New Zealand
* Episcopal Church
* Preliminary Sections
* New Zealand Infant School
* Untitled
# The Newcastle Associators (c. 1684–1688)

The Newcastle Associators; or, the Trimmers Loyalty.
Being a true Relation how several Sanctified Brethren were Apprehended, and found Signing the Association, (several others having made their Escapes) at the Assizes at Newcastle, August 2. 1684.
To the Tune of Ignoramus; or, Lay by your Pleading.
Printed and Sold by Nath. Thompson at the Entrance into the Old-Spring-Garden near Charing-Cross.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The New Zealand Gazette/1839/08/21/No. I.

​No. I, a Specimen Number of the New Zealand Gazette, a Newspaper for the First and Principal Settlement of the New Zealand Land Company, which it is supposed will be at Port Nicholson, in Cook's Straits, is now presented to the public. It will be found to contain various information interesting to the Colony now on the eve of departing, to their friends, and to those who may wish to be acquainted with the principles, objects, and local circumstances of the Colony, and the actual proceedings of the Colonists to the present time. The Second Number will be published in New Zealand as soon after the arrival of the Colony as it may be found possible to print it, which, it is hoped, will be within a fortnight of the disembarkation of the Colonists; and as ships pass through Cook's Straits almost daily, on their return from Australia to Europe, it is expected that immediate and frequent opportunity will be afforded for transmitting the second and subsequent numbers to England.
Price of this specimen number, 9d.; annual subscription £1 10s., in advance.
Orders received by Mr D. Ramsay, at the New Zealand Agency Office and Subscription Reading Rooms, 5 Adam street, Adelphi.
# The Old Warrior's Grave

* The Old Warrior's Grave, in The Monthly Magazine Volume 3, 1827.
* Marshal Schwerin's Grave, in National Lyrics, and Songs for Music, 1834.
# The Old Wives' Tale

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "The Old Wives' Tale."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* The Old Wives' Tale, a novel by Arnold Bennett
* The Old Wives' Tale, a play by George Peele