OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Salgado, James

​SALGADO, JAMES (fl. 1680), Spanish refugee, of a good Spanish family, became a Romish priest of the order of the ​Dominicans. Becoming converted to protestantism, he suffered much by the inquisition of Spain, and after visiting France, Italy, and the United Netherlands, came to England shortly before 1678. On 26 Dec. 1678 Andrew Sall [q. v.] signed a certificate, dated from Christ Church, Oxford, testifying to his civil behaviour in the university; Sall recommended him for employment in tuition. In his dedication of the ‘Description of the Plaza’ to Charles II Salgado speaks of his pinching poverty. It is possible he left England for Holland before 1684.
Salgado wrote: 1. ‘The Romish Priest turn'd Protestant, with the Reasons of his Conversion, wherein the true Church is exposed to the view of Christians and derived out of the Holy Scriptures,’ London, 1679, 4to (dedicated to the lords and commons in parliament). 2. ‘A brief Description of the Nature of the Basilisk or Cockatrice’ (anon.) (1680?), 4to. 3. ‘Συμβίωσις, or the intimate converse of Pope and Devil attended by a Cardinal and Buffoon. To which is annexed the portrait of each with a brief explication thereof,’ London, 1681 (dedicated to Prince Rupert, duke of Cumberland); Manchester, 1823, 8vo; with ‘An Appendix wherein the Hellish Machinations of the Pope are further searched into on the occasion of the never enough to be lamented death of Sir Edmundbury Godfrey,’ London, 1681. 4. ‘An impartial and brief Description of the Plaza or sumptuous Market Place of Madrid and the Bull-baiting there, together with the History of the famous Placidus,’ London, 1683, 4to (dedicated to Charles II); reprinted in ‘Harleian Miscellany,’ vol. vii. 5. ‘Geraldus Lisardo de regimine morali per Jacobum Salgado Hispanum,’ Amsterdam, 1684 (date corrected to 1683).
W. A. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Salisbury, Henry

Henry Salesbury in the ODNB.
​SALISBURY or SALESBURY, HENRY (1561–1637?), Welsh grammarian, born in 1561 at Dolbelidr (now known as Ffynonfair) in the parish of Henllan, Denbighshire, was probably the youngest son of Foulke, third son of Piers Salesbury of Bachymbyd and Rûg, a branch of the Salesburys of Llewenny, Denbighshire (cf. Williams, Records of Denbigh, p. 182). He matriculated on 15 Dec. 1581 at St. Alban Hall, Oxford, and graduated B.A. on 1 Feb. 1584–5 and (under the name of Robert) M.A. on 28 June 1588 (Foster, Alumni Oxon. s.v.; Clarke, Register, iii. 126). He studied medicine, which he afterwards practised ‘with great success’ at Denbigh; but ‘he was esteemed by the learned not only an eminent physician, but a curious critic, especially as to matters relating to the antiquities and language of his country’ (Wood). Dr. John Davies (1570?–1644) [q. v.] referred to him as ‘medicus doctis annumerandus.’ In 1593 ​he published a Welsh grammar, bearing the title ‘Grammatica Britannica in usum linguæ studiosorum succinctâ methodo et perspicuitate facili conscripta, et nunc in lucem edita’ (London, 8vo); the first Welsh grammar, that of Dr. Ioan Dafydd or John David Rhys [q. v.], was published in the preceding year. Salesbury dedicated his book to Henry, earl of Pembroke; no copy is now known. He also began a Welsh-Latin dictionary, to which he gave the title ‘Geirva Tavod Cymraec: hoc est, Vocabularium Linguæ Gomeritanæ,’ &c., and this he intended to publish with a new edition of his grammar; but, according to Wood, the manuscript was ‘left imperfect,’ and came into the hands of Dr. John Davies, who refers to it as unfinished. Davies is, however, said by Wood to have largely utilised the work in the preparation of his own dictionary; but this must have been with Salesbury's consent, as Davies states in his preface (dated 31 May 1632) that Salesbury was alive at the time of the publication of his work. The manuscript was perused by Edward Lhuyd [q. v.], who gave in his ‘Archæologia Britannica’ (Oxford, 1707) a list of words included in Salesbury's manuscript, but omitted in Dr. Davies's ‘Dictionary’ (Lhuyd, pp. iv. 213–21). Its present whereabouts is not known.
Some commendatory verses, by Salesbury, in Latin and Welsh, and a metrical version of Psalm xv. are in ‘Egluryn Phraethineb’ (1595), edited by Henry Perry [q. v.] He seems to have married Margery, daughter of Piers Salesbury of Llanrhaiadr, and to have died in Chester on 6 Oct. 1637, ‘being of great age.’ His second son, Foulke, was an alderman of Chester.
D. Ll. T.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Warford, William

​WARFORD alias WARNEFORD and WALFORD, WILLIAM (1560–1608), jesuit, born at Bristol in 1560, was admitted a scholar of Trinity College, Oxford, on 13 June 1576, graduated B.A. on 22 March 1577–8, was elected a fellow of his college in 1578, and graduated M.A. on 30 March 1582. He joined the Roman catholic church at Rheims on 7 Nov. 1582, and entered the English College at Rome to repeat his studies and make his theology on 1 Oct. 1583. He took with him from Dr. Barret, the president of Douay College (then at Rheims), a brilliant character for virtue and learning. He was ordained priest at Rome in December 1584, and he remained there in the household of Cardinal Allen till 1588. After a visit to Spain he was sent to England on the mission in 1591, and he entered the Society of Jesus in 1594. He was penitentiary at St. Peter's, Rome, for some time, and left that city on 18 Aug. 1599 for Spain. He died in the English College at Valladolid on 3 Nov. (N.S.) 1608. He was the author of: 1. ‘An Account of several English Martyrs’ with whom he had been acquainted since 1578. This manuscript, written about 1597, is in Father Christopher Grene's collection (M. fol. 137) at Stonyhurst. 2. ‘A Briefe Instruction by Way of Dialogue concerninge the Principall Poyntes of Christian Religion, gathered out of the Holy Scriptures, Fathers, and Councels. By George Doulye, Priest,’ Seville, 1600, 12mo; [St. Omer], 1616 and 1637, 8vo. A Latin translation by the jesuit father Thomas More appeared at St. Omer in 1617. 3. ‘A Briefe Manner of Examination of Conscience for a Generall Confession,’ also published under the pseudonym of George Doulye, Louvain, 1604, 8vo; [St. Omer], 1616, 8vo, and 1637 12mo.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Standish, Arthur

​STANDISH, ARTHUR (fl. 1611–1615), writer on agriculture, lived in Cambridgeshire or south Lincolnshire. He was connected with the family of Standish of Standish Hall in Lancashire, which had several offshoots in different parts of England. Standish had been much impressed by the rapid deforestation of the country, and when comparatively advanced in life he devoted four years to visiting various parts of Britain with a view to ascertaining the general condition of agriculture. In 1611 he published in quarto ‘The Commons' Complaint,’ London, printed by William Stansby, prefaced by a license from James I, (dated 1 Aug. 1611), which was also inserted before his later works. Standish refers to ‘two speciall grievances’—the ‘general destruction and waste of wood’ and ‘the extreme dearth of victuals’—which he proposed to remedy by planting timber and fruit-trees, ‘by an extraordinary breeding of fowle and pullen,’ and by ‘destroying all kinde of vermine.’ This work went through a second edition in the same year, and was republished in 1612, ‘newly corrected and augmented.’ In 1613 he published ‘New ​Directions of Experience to the Commons Complaint, for the planting of Timber and Firewood, invented by Arthur Standish’ (London, 4to), in which he advocated the planting of waste land with trees. In 1615 he published a sequel entitled ‘New Directions of Experience for the increasing of Timber and Firewood’ (London, 4to), in which he proposed to plant two hundred and forty thousand acres of waste land, and endeavoured to prove that by that means ‘there may be as much timber raised as will maintaine the kingdome for all uses for ever.’
[Standish's Works; Lowndes's Bibliographer's Manual, ed. Bohn.]
E. I. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Standish, Frank Hall

​STANDISH, FRANK HALL (1799–1840), connoisseur and author, born at Blackwell in the parish of Darlington, Durham, on 2 Oct. 1799, was the only child of Anthony Hall of Flass, Durham. As cousin and heir-at-law of Sir Frank Standish of Duxbury Hall, Chorley, Lancashire, he succeeded to the estates (but not to the title) of that baronet in 1812, and by royal license assumed the name and arms of Standish. He only occasionally visited Duxbury, his favourite residence being at Seville, Spain, where he had a fine house, and he spent considerable time in travelling in France and other parts of the continent. His income was largely spent in the acquisition of works of art and literature. He died unmarried at Cadiz on 21 Dec. 1840 on his way home from Seville, and his body was brought to Duxbury and buried in the chancel of Chorley church.
By his will he left to King Louis-Philippe, as a mark of respect to the French nation, the whole of his collection of books, manuscripts, prints, pictures, and drawings, for his sole private use or for any public institution, as the king might think proper. The collection of pictures was especially rich in paintings by Murillo and other Spanish artists, and was deposited in the ‘Musée Standish’ in the Louvre. After the revolution in 1848 the king claimed the collection as his private property, and at the end of four or five years the claim was allowed. The pictures were brought back to England in an injured state and sold by Christie, Manson, & Wood in London in May 1853. The drawings and books were sold in Paris in December 1852. It is said that Standish had intended to offer the collection to the British government in the event of the authorities consenting to revive the family baronetcy, but his overtures were unsuccessful.
His works were:
* ‘The Life of Voltaire, with interesting particulars respecting his death, and anecdotes and characters of his Contemporaries,’ 1821.
* ‘The Shores of the Mediterranean,’ 2 vols. 1837, 1839.
* ‘Poems: the Maid of Jaen, Timon, and the Bride of Palencia,’ 1838. The first of these poems was published about 1830, a second edition being printed at Chorley in 1832.
* ‘Notices of the Northern Capitals of Europe,’ 1838.
* ‘Seville and its Vicinity,’ 1840, with a portrait of the author.
[Gent. Mag. June 1841, p. 662; Manchester City News Notes and Queries, v. 65, 112, 114; Allibone's Dict. of Engl. Lit. iii. 2219; Baines's Lancashire, ed. Croston, iv. 245; Curtis's Velasquez and Murillo, 1883, p. 5.]
C. W. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Stampe, William

​STAMPE, WILLIAM (1611–1653?), divine, born in 1611, was son of Timothy Stampe of Bravern Abbey, near Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire. He matriculated at Pembroke College, Oxford, on 20 April 1627, and graduated B.A. on 19 Jan. 1631, M.A. on 24 Oct. 1633, and D.D. on 18 July 1643. In 1640 he was incorporated M.A. at Cambridge. In 1637 he became vicar of St. Aldate's, Oxford, while also holding a fellowship at Pembroke. He was appointed to the vicarage of Stepney on 13 Aug. 1641. In the following July he was committed to the Gatehouse there, being accused of ‘calling some men who had enlisted under the Earl of Essex roundheaded rascals, and procuring ​a number of sailors to make a contribution in Stepney church,’ presumably to the royalist cause. Next month he vainly petitioned the House of Commons for release (Lysons, Environs of London, iii. 443, from ‘The Perfect Diurnal,’ August 1642). After thirty-four weeks' imprisonment he made shift to get to Oxford during the next year, and his case was laid before the king. Thereupon Falkland was sent to the vice-chancellor with orders to cause the degree of D.D. to be conferred upon him. He was also made chaplain to the Prince of Wales. Meanwhile he had been sequestered by the Westminster assembly from his living of Stepney, where, owing to his zealous loyalism, he had been in danger of his life. He followed the Prince of Wales when he left the country, and also acted as chaplain to Elizabeth, queen of Bohemia. He was a frequent preacher among the protestants at Charenton. Afterwards he removed to The Hague, whence in 1650 he addressed to his old parishioners at Stepney ‘A Treatise of Spiritual Infatuation, being the present visible Disease of the English Nation,’ the substance of several sermons delivered there. Another edition is dated 1653. According to George Morley [q. v.], bishop of Winchester, Stampe died of fever at The Hague, and was buried in the church of Loesdune in the same year.
Stampe published several sermons preached before the king at Oxford. ‘A Vindication of the Liturgy of the Church of England,’ written by him, was not printed.
G. Le G. N.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Standish, John

​STANDISH, JOHN (1507?–1570), archdeacon of Colchester, born about 1507, is said to have belonged to the family of Standish of Burgh in Lancashire. The pedigrees, however, are not full enough to decide the matter. His uncle was Henry Standish [q. v.], bishop of St. Asaph. He was educated at Brasenose College, Oxford, whence he was moved as a probationary fellow to Corpus Christi. He graduated B.A. on 16 May 1528, and proceeded M.A. on 11 July 1531, B.D. 1540, and, after long teaching in London and preaching at St. Paul's, D.D. on 2 Aug. 1541. Wood speaks of his ‘drudging much in the faculty of divinity,’ and he was fellow of Whittington College when he took his doctor's degree. In 1543 he became rector of St. Andrew Undershaft, in 1544 vicar of Northall, Middlesex, and in March 1550 rector of Wigan. On 2 Aug. 1550 he became canon of Worcester, and in January 1552–3 he was for a few days archdeacon of Colchester (Le Neve, ii. 342). Strype says that he was chaplain to Edward VI; and he was also in 1553 vicar of Medbourne, Leicestershire. In 1554, after Mary's accession, he was deprived of his rectory of Wigan because he was married; but he seems to have put away his wife, and in 1555 he became rector of Rodmarton, Gloucestershire. On 21 Oct. 1557 he was collated to the prebend of Ealdland in St. Paul's Cathedral, and he again became archdeacon of Colchester on 15 Oct. 1558. When Elizabeth came to the throne he lost his archdeaconry, his prebend, and the living of Paglesham, Essex, which he had received in 1554. But subsequently he was restored to his prebend, and died in possession before 31 March 1570.
* ‘A Little Treatise against the Protestation of Robert Barnes ​at the time of his Death,’ London, 1540, 8vo; answered by Coverdale.
* ‘Treatise of the Union of the Church,’ London, 1556.
* ‘A Discourse wherin is debated whether it be expedient that the Scripture should be in English for al men to read,’ London, 1554, 4to; 2nd edit. 1555.
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. ed. Bliss, i. 235; Chetham Soc. Publ. lxxxii; Reg. Univ. of Oxford, i. 150, and Fowler's Hist. of Corpus Christi College (both Oxford Hist. Soc.); Foster's Alumni Oxon. 1500–1714; Le Neve's Fasti, ed. Hardy; Newcourt's Rep. Eccl. Lond.; Strype's Memorials, I. i. 570, II. ii. 260.]
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Maelmura

Máel Muru Othna in the ODNB.
​MAELMURA (d. 886), Irish historian, was a native of Ulster, and is generally called Maelmura Othna, from the ancient ​form of the name of Fahan, co. Donegal. St. Mura [q. v.] founded an abbey here, now demolished, but of permanent fame from the literary distinction of its inmates. They all wrote historical verses, and there can be no doubt that as the fame of Mura urged Fothadh na Canoine, his comharba or ecclesiastical successor in 799, so the example of Fothadh led Maelmura, a member of the same community, to write historical poetry. Maelmura means servant of Mura, and was probably either adopted on entrance to the monastery of Fahan, or given with the intention of the devotion of the child to the patron of the Cinel Eoghain. The ‘Annals of Ulster’ quote a poem on the death of Maelmura under 886, and the ‘Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland’ quote another version of it under 884. The verses speak of him as a king of poets, and an historian without superior. His most famous poem begins ‘Can a mbunadas na ngaedel’ (‘Whence the origin of the Gael’). It tells of the remote origin of the race from Gaedhal Glas, goes on to the six sons of Miledh or Milesius, and their attendant bondmen, and relates the conquest and division of Ireland by them. This poem exists in the ‘Book of Leinster’ (fol. 133, b 11, Royal Irish Academy facsimile), and is sometimes called ‘In Cronic,’ the chronicle (O'Grady, Silva Gadelica, p. 92, and O'Curry, note in Irish Nennius, p. 268). In the ‘Book of Lecan,’ a thirteenth-century manuscript, there is another historical poem by Maelmura, addressed to Flann Sionna, king of Ireland in his time, recounting the kings from Tuathal Teachtmhar to Flann, and describing the battles of Tuathal against the revolted Aithech Tuatha and against the Leinstermen. The chronicler Tighearnach quotes one of his verses (O'Curry, p. 524). He died in 886.
[Book of Leinster, Roy. Irish Acad. facsimile; Annala Rioghachta Eireann, ed. J. O'Donovan, i. 535; Annals of Ulster, ed. W. M. Hennessy, vol. i.; R. O'Flaherty's Ogygia; J. H. Todd and A. Herbert's Irish version of Nennius, Dublin, 1848. The chief poem of Maelmura from the Book of Leinster is here printed, pp. 220–70. The editors were ignorant of Irish, and the whole of this poem, as well as the Nennius itself, was transcribed and translated by E. O'Curry, a fact nowhere stated distinctly in the book. E. O'Reilly in Transactions of Iberno-Celtic Society, Dublin, 1820; O'Curry's Lectures on the Manuscript Materials of Irish History, p. 42; S. H. O'Grady's Silva Gadelica, 1892.]
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Magan, Francis

​MAGAN, FRANCIS (1772?–1843), Irish informer, son of Thomas Magan, woollen-draper, of High Street, Dublin, was born about 1772. He graduated at Trinity Col​lege, Dublin, in 1794, and was one of the first Roman catholics admitted to the bar by the Relief Act of 1793. In 1795 he left his father's house, and established himself at 20 Usher's Island, in the neighbourhood of the Four Courts. He joined the United Irish Society, but not being successful in his profession, and being involved in pecuniary difficulties, he was induced by Francis Higgins, ‘the Sham Squire’ [q. v.], to sell his services to government as an informer. During April 1798 he kept a strict watch on Lord Edward Fitzgerald's [q. v.] movements, and it was from information supplied by him through Higgins that Fitzgerald was eventually arrested at Murphy's house in Parliament Street. But so cleverly did he divert suspicion from himself that on the very night of the arrest he was elected a member of the head committee of the United Irishmen. He continued to pose as a patriot, and at the meeting of the bar on 9 Sept. 1798 he voted against the union. On 15 Dec. 1802 he received 500l. apparently for the purpose of procuring information against William Todd Jones. But he took an active interest in the catholic emancipation agitation, subscribed liberally to the association, and possessed the entire confidence of the leaders of the movement, though on the subject of the veto he sided with Arthur James Plunket, eighth earl Fingal, and the bishops. In 1821 he was appointed a commissioner for enclosing waste lands and commons. He filled a small legal office, afterwards abolished, and until 1834 enjoyed a secret pension from government of 200l. a year. He occasionally went on the home circuit, but never held a brief. He died in 1843, was buried in the church of SS. Michael and John in Dublin, and by his will required a perpetual yearly mass to be celebrated by all the priests of the church for the repose of his soul. He never married, but left all his property to his sister, who died worth more than 14,000l. According to Huband Smith, who as a commissioner for enclosing commons was brought into close relations with him, Magan in later years was ‘sufficiently gentlemanlike in appearance; tall, yet rather of plain and even coarse exterior; perhaps a little moody and reserved at times, and something may have been pressing on him of which he said little.’
[W. J. Fitzpatrick's Secret Service under Pitt; Lecky's History of England in the Eighteenth Century.]
R. D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Magee, Martha Maria

​MAGEE, MARTHA MARIA (d. 1846), foundress of the Magee College, was born, of parents named Stewart, at Lurgan, co. Armagh, where her family had been long settled. She married William Magee, who on 12 Sept. 1780 had been ordained presbyterian minister of First Lurgan. By his death on 9 July 1800 she was left with her two sons in narrow circumstances. Both her sons entered the army, one as an ensign, the other as army surgeon; they died in early manhood, one from the result of an accident, the other, in India, of hydrophobia. Subsequently Mrs. Magee, who had been dependent on the presbyterian widows' fund and her own otherwise unaided exertions, was enriched by inheriting a fortune accumulated by her two brothers, both military men—one of them a colonel in the Indian army. She removed from Lurgan to Dublin, where she lived very quietly, but contributed to charitable and religious objects on a munificent scale. At first connected with a presbyterian church in Dublin, she attended for a time the services of the (then) established church, but ultimately became a member of Usher's Quay presbyterian congregation. She died in Dublin on 22 June 1846, leaving no near relative.
By her will Mrs. Magee left 25,000l. to the Irish presbyterian mission in India, 5,000l. to the foreign mission, 5,000l. to the home mission, the reversion of 5,000l. to the Usher's Quay female orphan school, 1,350l. to a new presbyterian church on Ormond Quay, to the erection of which she had largely contributed, and 20,000l. in trust for the erection and endowment of a college for the education of the Irish presbyterian ministry. This last bequest led to a protracted and stormy controversy, which was only settled by a chancery suit. The general assembly, led byHenry Cooke, D.D. [q. v.], wished to apply the funds to an exclusively theological college in Belfast; the trustees favoured the establishment of a college in Londonderry, with full curriculum in arts and theology. In April 1851 Master Brooke gave a judgment upholding the position of the trustees. The Rev. Richard Dill, one of the three original trustees, who died on 8 Dec. 1858, left some 15,000l. for the endowment of two chairs and two bursaries; another trustee, John Brown, D.D., of Aghadowey (d. 27 March 1873), gave 2,000l.; and a benefaction was received from the Irish Society. In October 1865 the Magee College, Londonderry, was opened, having seven endowed chairs. In 1881 its three theological professors were incorporated by royal charter with the seven professors in the assembly's college, Belfast, as ‘The Presbyterian Theological Faculty, Ireland,’ with power to grant degrees in divinity.
[Reid's Hist. Presb. Church in Ireland (Killen), 1867, iii. 493 sq.; Porter's Life of Henry Cooke, 1875, pp. 400 sq.; Killen's Hist. Congr. Presb. Church in Ireland, 1886, pp. 12, 131, 187; Hamilton's Hist. Irish Presb. Church [1886], pp. 171 sq.; Irwin's Hist. Presbyterianism in Dublin, 1890, pp. 141 sq.; Presbyterian Churchman, June 1887, p. 148.]
A. G.