OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Baldwin v. Maryland/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
179 U.S. 220
Baldwin v. Maryland
Argued: November 16, 1900. --- Decided: December 3, 1900
The controversy in the case reported in 85 Md. 145, 36 Atl. 764, was one between the estate of the ward and the state of Maryland. In that case the right of the state to compel a payment by the estate of the ward of taxes levied thereon for the years 1893 and 1894 was settled. The personality of the litigants, the form of the action, do not disturb the substantial fact that the controversy was between the estate of the ward and the state of Maryland, and that that controversy was determined in favor of the state. This court declining to disturb the final judgment of the court of appeals of the state of Maryland, that controversy is settled and beyond further litigation. The matter has become res judicata between the estate and the state. There is no pretense that the taxes of 1895 stand in any other condition as to matter of fact than the taxes of 1893 and 1894, which were in terms included within the litigation settled by the decision referred to. The ruling, therefore, as to the taxes for 1895, comes within the force of that decision, and is determined by the conclusion in respect to the taxes of 1893 and 1894. Johnson Steel Street-Rail Co. v. Wharton, 152 U.S. 252, 38 L. ed. 429, 14 Sup. Ct. Rep. 608; Last Chance Min. Co. v. Tyler Min. Co. 157 U.S. 683, 39 L. ed. 859, 15 Sup. Ct. Rep. 733; New Orleans v. Citizens' Bank, 167 U.S. 371, 42 L. ed. 202, 17 Sup. Ct. Rep. 905.
The controversy, therefore, between the state of Maryland and the estate of the ward having been finally settled in favor of the state, and the only Federal question presented in this case being that already determined as to the right of the state to enforce a tax upon the property of the ward, it is unnecessary to consider the purely local question as to whether a judgment binding the estate binds also the sureties on the guardian's bond. Murdock v. Memphis, 20 Wall. 590, 22 L. ed. 429; Myrick v. Thompson, 99 U.S. 291, 297, 25 L. ed. 325, 327; Swope v. Leffingwell, 105 U.S. 3, 26 L. ed. 939.
The judgment of the Court of Appeals of Maryland is affirmed.
Mr. Justice white and Mr. Justice Peckham dissent.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Baldwin v. New Yor Williams

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.

## Dissenting Opinion

    Stewart
United States Supreme Court
399 U.S. 117
Robert BALDWIN, Appellant, v. State of NEW YORK. Johnny WILLIAMS, Petitioner,
Mr. Justice HARLAN, dissenting in No. 188, and concurring in the result in No. 927.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Bengal Dacoits and Tigers/Dacoit Stories/Girl as Kali-Ma

GIRL AS KALI-MA
A large and well-to-do family lived happily in a country place in Bengal.
One day their peace was disturbed by an anonymous letter. The writer warned them to expect a "dacoity" (burglary). These Indian outlaws always make it a point of honour to inform their intended victims, and always come with drums, torch-light and a sort of war-cry.
There was much valuable jewellery in the house and the family, thinking discretion the better part of valour, gathered all together, packed it securely and, taking it with them, left their home about sunset for safe quarters.
​room to room she fled, finding none to protect her, and realised that she was alone and helpless. Even her husband was gone.
She was a high-spirited and resourceful girl. She knew her life and the baby's as well were in danger and she determined to outwit the burglars. She had a swarthy complexion like Kali, the dacoits' divinity. Often had her mother bemoaned its darkness! Now it should serve her. But was she black enough? To make assurance doubly sure, she caught up a bottle of ink, which she knew where to find, and hastily smeared her face and limbs with it. Then, hiding her baby in a safe corner, she uncoiled her heavy hair and let its luxuriant black tresses fall about her like a cloak. Her preparations complete, she placed herself in a large niche at the head of the stairs.
The dacoits found nothing below worth attention and trooped upstairs. The flickering glare of their torches fell upon a life-like image of Kali the Terrible. With protruding scarlet tongue and fixed staring eyes, the girl stood immovable and breathless, silently invoking all her family gods to come to her aid in her bold design.
With an awe-struck cry of "Mercy! mercy! ​Kali-Ma!", the thieves fell prostrate at her feet. The girl held her breath. Was it possible that her plan had succeeded? The slow seconds passed. The Chief arose. "Come, brothers, we touch nothing where Mother Kali is worshipped." With hasty and reverent steps they descended the stairs and left the house.
Long after the dacoits had gone the girl stood there. Then the strain snapped and she relapsed to her normal self. Fear swept over her and she rushed out of the house. But her trembling limbs could not carry her far. She fell in a dead faint on the pathway. The neighbours, who had heard the dacoits enter the house and seen them go away silent and empty-handed, came to learn the mystery and found her there.
​movements, as all arrangements are left in the hands of the mother-in-law. There were several ladies and children in the family and the mother-in-law had thought the girl was with some of them. Friendship was however finally restored. All generously admired her ingenuity and realised her bravery. From the white-haired old father to the smallest child, everyone was grateful then and always after for her presence of mind on that memorable night.
# Bengal Dacoits and Tigers/Dacoit Stories/Raghu Dacoit

RAGHU DACOIT
Madhub Babu, a Calcutta gentleman, owned much property in that city and was known far and wide on account of his great wealth. To do him honour, the City Fathers had named a tank after him.
At that time there flourished a notorious dacoit, Raghu, for whose capture Government had offered a handsome reward. But like Robin Hood of old, Raghu Dacoit had caught popular fancy by his generosity to the poor. Though he looted the rich, to the needy, the famine-stricken and widows he was always kind. No one would inform against him.
Madhub Babu had a fine country house in Chandernagore, where he frequently entertained his friends. On one of these occasions, the latest doings of Raghu Dacoit were being discussed. The Babu remarked confidently: "He dare not visit me. He knows my house is well guarded."
One of the guests quickly rejoined: "Oh, don't say that. Raghu Dacoit is a dangerous and clever man."
​A few days after, Madhub Babu received a letter from the famous outlaw saying that he would be pleased to visit the rich man's country house. Madhub Babu was amazed at the audacity of the fellow, and wondered how his remark had reached the robber's ears.
He immediately sent information to Calcutta and asked for a strong body of police to be sent at his expense. They arrived, and his country residence was extra well guarded for some time. But nothing happened! Madhub Babu concluded that the letter had been a hoax. So the police guard was withdrawn.
​staircase leading down into the house stood open. Creeping like cats downstairs they gained the entrance hall. Here they found all the durwans fast asleep. The light of their lanterns showed the durwans' swords hanging on the wall. In a trice the dacoits had them down, unsheathed, and, oh, bitter blow! despatched Madhub Babu's men with their own weapons.
Then noiselessly opening the door they admitted the remainder of the band. For a few hours there was uproar, confusion and dismay while the burglars invaded room after room and collected all Madhub Babu's treasures with which they disappeared.
While still smarting under the loss of his valuables, the Babu received another letter from Raghu Dacoit asking, "Had his visit given Madhub Babu pleasure?"
# Backus v. Gould

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
48 U.S. 798
Backus v. Gould

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Bacon's Essays/Epistle Dedicatoire

TO
THE RIGHT
HONORABLE MY
VERY GOOD Lo. THE DVKE
of Buckingham his Grace, Lo.
High Admirall of England.
Excellent Lo.
SALOMON saies, A good Name is as a precious oyntment; And I assure my selfe, such wil your Grace's Name bee with Posteritie. For your Fortune and Merit both have beene Eminent. And you have planted Things, that are like to last. I doe now publish my Essayes; which of all my other workes have beene most Currant; For that, as it seemes, they come home to Men's Businesse and Bosomes. I have enlarged them, both in Number and Weight; So that they are indeed a New Worke. I thought it therefore agreeable, to my Affection and Obligation to your Grace, to prefix your Name before them, both in English and in Latine. For I doe conceive, that the Latine Volume of them, (being in the Universall Language) may last, as long as Bookes last. My Instauration, I dedicated to the King: My Historie of HENRY the Seventh, (which I have now also translated into Latine) and my Portions of Naturall ​History, to the Prince: And these I dedicate to your Grace; Being of the best Fruits, that by the good Encrease, which God gives to my Pen and Labours, I could yeeld. God leade your Grace by the Hand.
Your Grace's most Obliged and
faithfull Servant,
Fr. St. ALBAN.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Bacon's Essays/Of Adversitie

V
OF ADVERSITIE
It was an high speech of Seneca, (after the manner of the Stoickes,) That the good things, which belong to Prosperity, are to be wished; but the good things, that belong to Adversity, are to be admired. Bona Rerum Secundarum, Optabilia; Adversarum, Mirabilia. Certainly, if Miracles be the Command over Nature, they appeare most in Adversity. It is yet a higher speech of his then the other, (much too high for a Heathen,) It is true greatnesse, to have in one the Frailty of a Man and the Security of a God. Verè magnum habere Fragilitatem Hominis, Securitatem Dei. This would have done better in Poesy, where Transcendences are more allowed. And the Poets indeed have beene busy with it; For it is, in effect, the thing which is figured in that Strange Fiction of the Ancient Poets, which seemeth not to be without mystery; Nay, and to have some approach to a proportionate extent ​to the State of a Christian: That Hercules, when hee went to unbinde Prometheus, (by whom Humane Nature is represented) sailed the length of the great Ocean in an Earthen Pot or Pitcher; Lively describing Christian Resolution, that saileth in the fraile Barke of the Flesh thorow the Waves of the World. But to speake in a Meane. The Vertue of Prosperitie is Temperance; The Vertue of Adversity is Fortitude; which in Morals is the more Heroicall Vertue. Prosperity is the Blessing of the Old Testament; Adversity is the Blessing of the New; which carrieth the greater Benediction, and the Clearer Revelation of God's Favour. Yet even in the old Testament, if you Listen to David's Harpe, you shall heare as many Herselike Ayres as Carols; And the Pencill of the holy Ghost hath laboured more in describing the Afflictions of lob then the Felicities of Salomon. Prosperity is not without many Feares and Distastes; And Adversity is not without Comforts and Hopes. Wee see in Needle-workes and Imbroideries, It is more pleasing to have a Lively Worke upon a Sad and Solemne Ground then to have a Darke and Melancholy Worke upon a Lightsome Ground: Iudge, therfore, of the Pleasure of the Heart, by the Pleasure of the Eye. Certainly, Vertue is like pretious Odours, most fragrant, when they are incensed, or crushed: For Prosperity doth best discover Vice; but Adversity doth best discover Vertue.
* ↑ a proud saying
* ↑ at once
* ↑ freedom from care
* ↑ exaggerations
* ↑ in fact
* ↑ a hidden meaning
* ↑ vividly
* ↑ without exaggeration
* ↑ funeral
* ↑ lively strains
* ↑ annoyances
* ↑ bright
* ↑ dark
* ↑ burnt
* ↑ bring to light
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Putnam, Haldimand Sumner

Edition of 1900.
​PUTNAM, Haldimand Sumner, soldier, b. in Cornish, N. H., 15 Oct., 1835; d. near Fort Wagner, S. C., 18 July, 1863. He was graduated at the U. S. military academy in 1857, and entered the army in July as brevet 2d lieutenant of topographical engineers. From that time till a few months previous to the civil war he was engaged in explorations and surveys in the west. When the war began he was summoned to Washington and intrusted with important despatches for Fort Pickens. He accomplished his mission, but, while returning to the north, was seized by the Confederates at Montgomery, Ala., and imprisoned for several days. On his release he was placed on Gen. Irvin McDowell's staff, participated in the battle of Bull Run, and gained the brevet of major for gallantry. In October he went to his native state and organized the 7th New Hampshire regiment, of which he became colonel in December, 1861. It was stationed during the first year of its service at Fort Jefferson, on Tortugas island, and afterward at St. Augustine, Fla., and in South Carolina. In 1863 Col. Putnam commanded a brigade in the Stono inlet expedition, and in the capture of Morris island. In the assault on Fort Wagner, 18 July, 1863, where he led the second storming column, he was killed on the parapet of the work while rallying his men. He was made brevet colonel, U. S. army, 18 July, 1863. For about four months preceding his death he was acting brigadier-general.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Putnam, James

Edition of 1900.
​PUTNAM, James, jurist, b. in Danvers, Mass., in 1725; d. in St. John, New Brunswick, 23 Oct., 1789. He was a relative of Gen. Israel Putnam. He was graduated at Harvard in 1746, studied law with Judge Edmund Trowbridge, and began practice at Worcester. He was appointed attorney-general of the province when Jonathan Sewall was promoted to the bench of the admiralty court, and was the last to hold that office under the provincial government. In 1757 he was a major, and in service under Lord Loudon. In 1775 he was one of those that signed the address to Gov. Thomas Hutchinson, approving his course, and later he accompanied the British army to New York, and thence to Halifax, where, in 1776, he embarked for England. In 1778 a writ of banishment and proscription was issued against him. On the organization of the government of the province of New Brunswick in 1783, he was appointed a member of the royal council and a judge of the superior court. He remained in office till his death. John Adams was a student at law in Judge Putnam's office. — His son, James, b. in 1756; d. in England in March, 1838, was graduated at Harvard in 1774, and was one of the eighteen country gentlemen that were driven to Boston, and addressed Gen. Gage on his departure in 1775. He went to England, became a barrack-master, a member of the royal household, and an executor of the Duke of Kent.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Putnam, Samuel

Edition of 1900.
​PUTNAM, Samuel, jurist, b. in Danvers, Mass., 13 April, 1768; d. in Somerville, Mass., 3 July, 1853. He was graduated at Harvard in 1787, studied law, and began practice in Salem in 1790. He soon attained high rank at the Essex county bar, and represented that county in the state senate in 1808-'14, and in the legislature in 1812. From 1814 till 1842 he was judge of the supreme court of Massachusetts. Harvard gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1825. — His daughter-in-law, Mary Traill Spence Lowell, author, b. in Boston, Mass., 3 Dec., 1810, is a daughter of the Rev. Charles Lowell. She married Samuel R. Putnam, a merchant of Boston, in 1832, and subsequently resided several years abroad. She has contributed to the “North American Review” articles on Polish and Hungarian literature (1848-'50), and to the “Christian Examiner” articles on the history of Hungary (1850-'1), and is the author of “Records of an Obscure Man” (1861); “The Tragedy of Errors” and the “Tragedy of Success,” a dramatic poem in two parts (1862); “Memoir of William Lowell Putnam” (1862); “Fifteen Days” (1866); and a “Memoir of Charles Lowell” (1885). — Her son, William Lowell, soldier, b. in Boston, 9 July, 1840; d. near Ball's Bluff, Va., 21 Oct., 1861, was educated in France and at Harvard, where he studied mental science and law. He entered the 20th Massachusetts regiment in 1861, was ordered to the field in September, and was killed while leading his battalion to the rescue of a wounded officer. When he was borne to the hospital-tent he declined the surgeon's assistance, bidding him go to those whom his services could benefit, since his own life could not be saved. He was a youth of much promise, possessing remarkable natural endowments and many accomplishments. See the memoir by his mother mentioned above.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Putnam, Samuel Porter

Edition of 1900. Supplement.
PUTNAM, Samuel Porter, atheist, b. 23 July, 1838, in Chichester, N. H.; d. in Boston, 11 Dec., 1896. He graduated at Dartmouth in 1861, when he entered as a private, and was promoted during the war to a captaincy. In 1865 he entered the theological seminary in Chicago, where he was graduated in 1868, and preached for three years thereafter in the orthodox pulpits of Illinois. In 1871 he became a Unitarian minister, and after preaching for several years in various states he renounced the Christian religion and became an avowed freethinker. He attacked the Bible and Christianity upon the platform, and for twenty years probably making more speeches against them than any other American, speaking almost every day for months together. In 1887 he established a “Journal of Freethought” in San Francisco. He was the author of “Prometheus,” “Gottlieb: His Life,” “Golden Throne,” “Waifs and Wanderings,” “Ingersoll and Jesus,” “Why don't he lend a Hand?” “Adami and Heva,” “The New God,” “The Problem of the Universe,” “My Religious Experience,” “Pen Pictures of the World's Fair,” and “Four Hundred Years of Freethought.”
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Putnam, William Le Baron

Edition of 1900.
​PUTNAM, William Le Baron, lawyer, b. in Bath, Me., 12 May, 1835. He was graduated at Bowdoin in 1855, admitted to the bar of Portland in 1858, and has since continued there in active practice. He was mayor of Portland in 1869. He declined the appointment of judge of the supreme court of Maine in 1883. In September, 1887, he was appointed by President Cleveland a commissioner to negotiate with Great Britain in the settlement of the rights of American fishermen in the territorial waters of Canada and Newfoundland.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Putnam, Herbert

Edition of 1900. Supplement.
PUTNAM, Herbert, librarian, b. in New York city, 20 Sept., 1861, is the son of George P. Putnam, the publisher (q. v.). He was graduated from
Harvard with the class of 1883; the following year he spent at Columbia law-school. In 1884 he became librarian of the Minneapolis athenæum, and later was appointed librarian of the Minneapolis public library, a city institution which he organized upon the basis of the athenæum; he held this position until December, 1891. Then he took up the practice of law in Boston until 1895, when he was appointed librarian of the Boston public library, just removed from Boylston street to the new building in Copley square. After the death of John Russell Young, President McKinley appointed him librarian of congress in March, 1899. During 1896-7 he was president of the Massachusetts library club, he represented the United States as a delegate to the International library conference at London in 1897, and in 1898 he was chosen president of the American library association, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Justin Winsor. He received the honorary degree of Litt. D. from Bowdoin in 1898.
THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, WASHINGTON, D. C.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Putnam, John Phelps

Edition of 1900.
​PUTNAM, John Phelps, jurist, b. in Hartford, Conn., 21 March, 1817; d. in Boston, 5 Jan., 1882. His father, a native of Hartford, was a merchant there and mayor of the city, and was descended from the same family to which Gen. Israel Putnam belonged. The son was graduated at Yale in 1837 and at Harvard law-school in 1839, and was admitted to the bar in 1840. He began practice in Boston, and prosecuted his profession for many years in that city with success. In 1851-'2 he served in the legislature, and in 1859, when the superior court was established, he was appointed one of the judges. He was a trustee of the Boston music-hall, and one of the chief promoters of the enterprise that resulted in placing the great organ in that building. He was also a trustee of the Protestant Episcopal theological school in Cambridge. Between 1847 and 1848 he edited fifteen volumes of the “Annual Digest” of the decisions of all the courts of the United States (Boston, 1852).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Putnam, Sallie A. Brock

Edition of 1900.
​PUTNAM, Sallie A. Brock, author, b. in Madison Court-House, Va., about 1845. She was educated by private tutors, and early developed a taste for literature. She married the Rev. Richard Putnam, of New York, in 1883. Her publications include “Richmond During the War,” under the pen-name of “Virginia Madison” (New York, 1867); “The Southern Amaranth” (1868); and “Kenneth My King” (1872). She has in preparation “Poets and Poetry of America.”
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Putnam, James Osborne

Edition of 1900.
​PUTNAM, James Osborne, lawyer, b. in Attica, N. Y., 4 July, 1818. His father, Harvey (1793-1855), was a representative in congress in 1838-'9 and 1847-'51, having been chosen as a Whig. The son studied at Hamilton college and then at Yale, where he was graduated in 1839. He read law in his father's office, was admitted as a practitioner in 1842, and the same year began practice in Buffalo. In 1851-'3 he was postmaster there. In 1853 he was elected to the state senate, where he was the author of the bill, that became a law in 1855, requiring the title of church real property to be vested in trustees. In 1857 he was the unsuccessful nominee of the American party for secretary of state. He was chosen a presidential elector on the Republican ticket in 1860, and appointed U. S. consul at Havre, France, in 1861. In 1880 he became U. S. minister to Belgium, and while he was filling this mission he was appointed by the U. S. government a delegate to the International industrial property congress in Paris in 1881. He has published “Orations, Speeches, and Miscellanies” (Buffalo, 1880).