OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/St. Alexander (of Alexandria)

From volume 1 of the work.
​Alexander, Saint, Patriarch of Alexandria, date of birth uncertain; d. 17 April, 326. He is, apart from his own greatness, prominent by the fact that his appointment to the patriarchial see excluded the heresiarch Arius from that post. Arius had begun to teach his heresies in 300 when Peter, by whom he was excommunicated, was Patriarch. He was reinstated by Achillas, the successor of Peter and then began to scheme to be made a bishop. When Achillas died Alexander was elected, and after that Arius threw off all disguise. Alexander was particularly obnoxious to him, although so tolerant at first of the errors of Arius that the clergy nearly revolted. Finally the heresy was condemned in a council held in Alexandria, and later on, as is well known, in the general Council of Nicæa, whose Acts Alexander is credited with having drawn up. An additional merit of this great man is that during his priesthood he passed through the bloody persecutions of Galerius, Maximinus, and others. It was while his predecessor Peter was in prison, waiting for martyrdom, that he and Achillas succeeded in reaching the pontiff, and interceded for the reinstatement of Arius, which Peter absolutely refused declaring that Arius was doomed to perdition. The refusal evidently had little effect, for when Achillas succeeded Peter, Arius was made a priest; and when in turn Alexander came to the see, the heretic was still tolerated. It is worth recording that the great Athanasius succeeded Alexander, the dying pontiff compelling the future doctor of the Church to accept the post. Alexander is described as "a man held in the highest honour by the people and clergy, magnificent, liberal, eloquent, just, a lover of God and man, devoted to the poor, good and sweet to all, so mortified that he never broke his fast while the sun was in the heavens." His feast is kept on 17 April.
Acts SS., III, February; Butler, Lives of the Saints, 17 February.
T. J. Campbell.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/St. Alexis Falconieri

From volume 1 of the work.
​Alexis Falconieri, Saint, b. in Florence, 1200; d. 17 February, 1310, at Mount Senario, near Florence. He was the son of Bernard Falconieri, a merchant prince of Florence, and one of the leaders of the Republic. His family belonged to the Guelph party, and opposed the Imperialists whenever they could consistently with their political principles. Alexis grew up in the practice of the most profound humility. He joined the Laudesi, a pious confraternity of the Blessed Virgin, and there met the six future companions of his life of sanctity. He was favoured with an apparition of the Mother of God, 15 August, 1233, as were these companions. The seven soon afterwards founded the Order of the Servites. With consistent loyalty and heroism Alexis at once abandoned all, and retired to La Camarzia, a house on the outskirts of the town, and the following year to Mt. Senario. With characteristic humility, he traversed, as a mendicant, in quest of alms for his brethren, the streets of the city through which he had lately moved as a prominent citizen. So deep and sincere was his humility that, though he lived to the great age of hundred and ten years, he always refused to enter the priesthood, of which he deemed himself unworthy. The duties of our Saint were confined principally to the material needs of the various communities in which he lived. In 1252 the new church at Cafaggio, on the outskirts of Florence, was completed under his care, with the financial assistance of Chiarissimo Falconieri. The miraculous image of the Annunciation, still highly venerated in Italy, had its origin here. St. Juliana Falconieri, his niece, was trained in sanctity under his personal direction. The influence exerted on his countrymen by Alexis and his companions may be gathered from the fact that in a few years ten thousand persons had enrolled themselves under the banner of the Blessed Virgin in the Servite Order. At his death he was visited by the Infant Jesus in visible form, as was attested by eye-witnesses. His body rests near the church of the Annunciation, in Florence. Clement XI declared Alexis worthy of the veneration of the faithful, 1 December, 1717, and accorded the same honour to his six companions, 3 July 1725.
Annal. Ord. Serv. B. M. Virg. (Florence, 1729); Ledoux, Hist. of the Seven Holy Founders (London, 1889); Acta SS. Feb. 17 (Paris, 1880).
Augustine McGinnis.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/St. Alfrida

From volume 1 of the work.
​Alfrida, Saint, virgin, and recluse, c. 795. This saint, whose name is variously written Elfthritha, Ælfleda, Æfthryth, Alfritha, Etheldreda, etc., was a daughter of King Offa of Mercia. According to a late and not very trustworthy legend she was betrothed to St. Ethelbert, King of the East Angles, but when he came to the court of Offa to claim her, he was treacherously murdered by the contrivance of Cynethritha, Offa's queen. After this Alfrida retired to the marshes of Crowland, where she was built into a cell and lived as a recluse to the end of her days. It is impossible not to suspect the existence of some confusion with Ælfleda, another daughter of Offa, whose husband was also murdered by treachery.
Acta SS., 2 August; Stubbs in Dict. Christ. Biog., II, 82, s.v. Elfthritha; ibid., 215 s.v. Ethelbert; Dunbar, Dict. of Sainted Women, I, 44; Stanton, Menology, 221. For Brompton's account see the Bollandists and the works of Giraldus Cambrensis, III, 411–420.
Herbert Thurston.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/St. Alfwold

From volume 1 of the work.
​Alfwold, Saint, Bishop of Sherborne, in Dorsetshire; d. 1058. Alfwold, or Ælfwold, is a rather obscure English saint of whom we know little beside the few details preserved by William of Malmesbury (Gest. Pont., Bk. II, § 82). Alfwold had been a monk of Winchester, and was consecrated Bishop of Sherborne in 1045, succeeding his own brother Brightwy. He gave great edification by the frugality of his way of life, which was in marked contrast to the riotous banquetings which the example of the Danish monarchs had rendered popular at that epoch. He was very devout to St. Swithun, his old patron of Winchester, and also to St. Cuthbert, to whose shrine at Durham he made a pilgrimage. He died while singing the antiphon of St. Cuthbert. He was, strictly speaking, the last Bishop of Sherborne, for after his death the see of Sherborne was united to that of Ramsbury.
Acta SS., 25 March, III; Stanton, English Menology (London, 1892), 134.
Herbert Thurston.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/St. Alexander

From volume 1 of the work.
​Alexander, Saint, who died in chains after cruel torments in the persecution of Decius, was first Bishop of Cappadocia, and was afterwards associated as coadjutor with the Bishop of Jerusalem, who was then 116 years old. This association came about as follows: Alexander had been imprisoned for his faith in the time of Alexander Severus and on being released came to Jerusalem, where he was compelled by the aged bishop to remain, and assist him in the government of that see. This arrangement, however, was entered into with the consent of all the bishops of Palestine. It was Alexander who permitted Origen, although only a layman, to speak in the churches. For this concession he was taken to task, but he defended himself by examples of other permissions of the same kind given to to Origen himself elsewhere, although then quite young. Butler says that they had studied together in the great Christian school of Alexandria. Alexander ordained him a priest. Especial praise is given to Alexander for the library he built at Jerusalem. Finally, in spite of his years, he, with several other bishops, was carried off a prisoner to Cæsarea, and as the historians say, "the glory of his white hairs and great sanctity formed a double crown for him in captivity". He suffered many tortures, but survived them all. When the wild beasts were brought to devour him, some licked his feet, and others their impress on the sand of the arena. Worn out by his sufferings ho died in prison. This was in the year 251. His feast is kept by the Latins on 18 March, by the Greeks, 22 December.
Acta Sanctorum, II, March; Butler, 18 March.
T. J. Campbell.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/St. Alnoth

From volume 1 of the work.
​Alnoth, Saint, hermit and martyr; died c. 700. We know very little of St. Alnoth. Neither does he appear to possess any proper day. He is mentioned in Jocelyn's life of St. Werburg as a pious neatherd at Weedon who bore with great patience the ill-treatment of the bailiff placed over him, and who afterwards became a hermit in a very lonely spot, where he was eventually murdered by two robbers. On this ground he was honoured as a martyr; and there was some concourse of pilgrims to his tomb at Stowe near Bugbrook in Northamptonshire.
Acta SS., 27 February. III; Stanton, Menology (London, 1892), 505; Baring-Gould, Lives of Saints (London, 1804), II, 448.
Herbert Thurston.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/St. Aloysius Gonzaga

From volume 1 of the work.
​Aloysius Gonzaga, Saint, b. in the castle of Castiglione, 9 March, 1568; d. 21 June, 1591. At eight he was placed in the court of Francesco de' Medici in Florence, where he remained for two years, going then to Mantua. At Brescia, when he was twelve, he came under the spiritual guidance of St. Charles Borromeo, and from him received First Communion. In 1581 he went with his father to Spain, and he and his brother were made pages of James, the son of Philip II. While there he formed the resolution of becoming a Jesuit, though he first thought of joining the Discalced Carmelites. He returned to Italy in 1584 after the death of the Infanta, and after much difficulty in securing his father's consent, renounced his heritage in favour of his brother, 2 November, 1585, a proceeding which required the approval of the emperor, as Castiglione was a fief of the empire. He presented himself to Father Claudius Acquaviva, who was then General of the Society, 25 November, 1585. Before the end of his novitiate, he passed a brilliant public act in ​philosophy, having made his philosophical and also his mathematical studies before his entrance. He had in fact distinguished himself, when in Spain, by a public examination not only in philosophy, but also in theology, at the University of Alcalá. St. Aloysius Gongaza He made his vows 25 November, 1587. Immediately after, he began his theological studies. Among his professors were Fathers Vasquez and Azor. In 1591 when in his fourth year of theology a famine and pestilence broke out in Italy. Though in delicate health, he devoted himself to the care of the sick, but on March 3 he fell ill and died 21 June, 1591. He was beatified by Gregory XV in 1621 and canonized by Benedict XIII in 1726. His remains are in the church of St. Ignazio in Rome in a magnificent urn of lapis lazuli wreathed with festoons of silver. The altar has for its centerpiece a large marble relief of the Saint by Le Gros.
Butler, Lives of the Saints, 21 June; Acta SS., 21 June; Cepari, Life of St. Aloysius Gonzaga; Rouvier, Les Saints de la C. de J. (Paris, 1893).
J. F. X. O'Conor.
# China

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "China."
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Commons category, travel guide, Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Sketches of China (1841) by John Francis Davis
* China, During the War and Since the Peace (1852) by John Francis Davis
* China: A General Description of That Empire and Its Inhabitants (1857) by John Francis Davis
* China: Her History, Diplomacy and Commerce from the Earliest Times to the Present Day, by Edward Harper Parker IA
* China, by Robert Kennaway Douglas IA
* China: Its State and Prospects, a book by Walter Henry Medhurst
* "China", an article by William Barclay Parsons for Popular Science Monthly
* "China" in Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1st ed., Vol. II (1771)
* "China," in Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed., 1911)
* "China" (1923, "Dust and ruined beauty"), a poem by Elizabeth Jane Coatsworth

## See also

* Portal:China
* Category:China
# Chimp Haven is Home Act

Note: This is the original legislation as it was initially enacted. Any subsequent amendments hosted on Wikisource may be listed using What Links Here.
An Act To amend the Public Health Service Act to modify the program for the sanctuary system for surplus chimpanzees by terminating the authority for the removal of chimpanzees from the system for research purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

### SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the “Chimp Haven is Home Act”.

### SEC. 2. SANCTUARY SYSTEM FOR SURPLUS CHIMPANZEES; TERMINATION OF AUTHORITY FOR REMOVAL FROM SYSTEM FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES.

    (a) In General.—
       The first section 481C of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 287a-3a) (added by section 2 of Public Law 106-551) is amended in subsection (d)--
       (1) in paragraph (2), in subparagraph (J), by striking “If any chimpanzee is removed” and all that follows; and
       (2) in paragraph (3)—
          (A) in subparagraph (A)—
             (i) by striking clause (ii); and
             (ii) by striking “except as provided” in the matter preceding clause (i) and all that follows through “behavioral studies” and inserting the following: “except that the chimpanzee may be used for noninvasive behavioral studies”;
          (B) by striking subparagraph (B);
          (C) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as subparagraph (B); and
          (D) in subparagraph (B) (as so redesignated), by striking “under subparagraphs (A) and (B)” and inserting “under subparagraph (A)”.
    (b) Technical Correction.—
       Part E of title IV of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 287 et seq.) is amended by redesignating the second section 481C (added by section 204(a) of Public Law 106-505) as section 481D.
Approved December 26, 2007.

## LEGISLATIVE HISTORY

S. 1916 (H.R. 3295):
* CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 153 (2007):
** Dec. 13, considered and passed Senate.
** Dec. 19, considered and passed House.
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# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Galeazzo Campi

From volume 3 of the work.
An Italian painter, b. at Cremona, 1475; d. 1536. He commenced his studies, according to Vasari, with the noted Boccaccino; but Lanzi doubts this, because Galeazzo's style was so different from that of Boccaccino's. Galeazzo did not possess great talent, most of his work being but a weak imitation of Perugino's. His best production is a portrait of hinself (1528) which was accorded a place in the Uffizi gallery at Florence. The most celebrated and the most interesting of his paintings, however, is the quaintly curious "Raising of Lazarus", painted in 1515 and owned (1903) by Canon Bignami. A "Virgin and Child" at Cremona is also worthy of mention. He left three sons, all painters. It is not determined definitively whether Bernardino Campi was of his family or not.
Lanzi, History of Painting in Italy, tr. Roscoe (London); Vasari, Lives of the Painters, tr. Foster (London, 1878); see, also Campi, Bernardino.
LEIGH HUNT
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Gamaliel

From volume 6 of the work.
(Greek form of the Hebrew name meaning "reward of God").
The name designates in the New Testament a Pharisee and celebrated doctor of the Law. Gamaliel is represented in Acts, v, 34 sqq., as advising his fellow-members of the Sanhedrin not to put to death St. Peter and the Apostles, who, notwithstanding the prohibition of the Jewish authorities, had continued to preach to the people. His advice, however unwelcome, was acted upon, so great was his authority with his contemporaries. We learn from Acts, xxii, 3, that he was the teacher of St. Paul; but we are not told either the nature or the extent of the influence which he exercised upon the future apostle of the Gentiles. Gamaliel is rightly identified with an illustrious Jewish doctor of the Law, who bore the same name and died eighteen years before the destruction of Jerusalem. In the Talmud, this Gamaliel bears, like his grandfather Hillel, the surname of "the Elder", and is the first to whom the title "Rabban", "our master", was given. He appears therein, as in the book of the Acts, as a prominent member of the highest tribunal of the Jews. He is also treated as the originator of many legal ordinances; as the father of a son, whom he called Simeon, after his father's name, and of a daughter who married the priest Simon ben Nathanael. The Jewish accounts make him die a Pharisee, and state that: "When he died, the honour of the Torah (the law) ceased, and purity and piety became extinct." At an early date, ecclesiastical tradition has supposed that Gamaliel embraced the Christian Faith, and remained a member of the Sanhedrin for the purpose of helping secretly his fellow-Christians (cf. Recognitions of Clement, I, lxv, lxvi). According to Photius, he was baptized by St. Peter and St. John, together with his son and with Nicodemus. His body, miraculously discovered in the fifth century, is said to be preserved at Pisa, in Italy.
Talmud of Jerusalem; Photius, Bibliotheca, Cod. 171; Taylor, The Sayings of the Jewish Fathers (Cambridge, 1877); Fouard, St. Peter (tr., New York, 1893); Le Camus, L'oeuvre des Apôtres, I (Paris, 1905).
FRANCIS E. GIGOT
# Code of Federal Regulations/Title 30/1959

From the U.S. Government Printing Office on Google Books, revised as of January 1, 1959. (Commons file)
* Chapter I. Bureau of Mines, Department of the Interior
* Chapter II. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior
* Chapter III. Office of Minerals Exploration, Department of the Interior
* Chapter IV. Federal Coal Mine Safety Board of Review
# Code of Federal Regulations/Title 30/1974

From the U.S. Government Printing Office on Google Books, revised as of July 1, 1974. (Commons file)
* Chapter I. Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration, Department of the Interior
* Chapter II. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior
* Chapter III. Board of Mine Operations Appeals, Department of the Interior
* Chapter IV. Federal Metal and Nonmetallic Mine Safety Board of Review
* Chapter V. Interim Compliance Panel
* Chapter VI. Bureau of Mines, Department of the Interior
# Code of Federal Regulations/Title 30/1959/Chapter I

From the U.S. Government Printing Office on Google Books, revised as of January 1, 1959. (Commons file)
* Part 1. Production and sale of helium
* Part 9. Payments required from owners of private lands upon which the Bureau of Mines performs exploration or development work to investigate known coal deposits.
* Part 10. Coal analysis for non-Federal applicants.
* Part 11. Self-contained breathing apparatus.
* Part 12. Supplied-air Respirators.
* Part 13. Gas masks.
* Part 14. Filter-type dust, fume, and mist respirators.
   * Part 14a. Nonemergency gas respirators (chemical cartridge respirators).
(Rest of chapter TBD)
# Code of Federal Regulations/Title 30/1959/Chapter I/Part 9

From the U.S. Government Printing Office on Google Books, revised as of January 1, 1959. (Commons file)
Part 9―Payments Required From Owners of Private Lands Upon Which the Bureau of Mines Performs Exploration or Development Work To Investigate Known Coal Deposits
§ 9.1 Reasonable percentage determined. It is hereby determined that 5 mills per ton of 2000 pounds of coal is a reasonable percentage of the total value of minerals that may be produced from private property upon which the Bureau of Mines performs exploration or development work to investigate known coal deposits, to be paid by owners of such property.
(60 Stat. 373) [11 F. R. 14485, Dec. 18, 1946]
# Code of Federal Regulations/Title 30/1974/Chapter I/Part 1

From the U.S. Government Printing Office on Google Books, revised as of July 1, 1974. (Commons file)

### PART 1—MINING ENFORCEMENT AND SAFETY ADMINISTRATION; ESTABLISHMENT AND USE OF OFFICIAL EMBLEM

Sec.
1.1 Official emblem.
1.2 Description.
1.3 Use of letters and acronym MESA.
AUTHORITY: Sec. 508, Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969; sec. 301 of Title 5, United States Code.
SOURCE: 39 FR 23997, June 28, 1974, unless otherwise noted.

#### § 1.1 Official emblem.

The following emblem is established and shall be used as the official emblem of the Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration, except where use of the Departmental Seal is required:

#### § 1.2 Description.

The emblem of the Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration is of contemporary design with the letters and acronym of the Administration delineated as MESA appearing in large letters in the middle of the emblem. Above the letters and acronym appear the words “United States Department of the Interior” and below the letters and acronym appear the words “Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration.”

#### § 1.3 Use of letters and acronym MESA.

The letters and acronym MESA may be used and substituted for the words “Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration” in correspondence, rules, regulations, and in certificates of approval, approval plates, labels, and markings prescribed by the Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration to designate and denote equipment, devices, and apparatus approved as “permissible” and suitable for use in mines under the applicable Parts of Chapter I of this Title, and in such other documents, publications, and pamphlets, and on signs, clothing and uniforms, and offices of the Administration and at such times and locations as may be deemed appropriate by the Administrator.
# Code of Federal Regulations/Title 30/1974/Chapter I

From the U.S. Government Printing Office on Google Books, revised as of July 1, 1974. (Commons file)
* Part 1. Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration; establishment and use of official emblem
* Part 11. Respiratory Protective Apparatus; Tests for Permissibility, Fees - Page 16
* Part 15. Explosives and Related Articles; Tests for Permissibility and Suitability
(Incomplete, TBD)