OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Rappen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rappen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rappen, m., ‘centime,’ from MidHG. rappe, m., ‘the name of a coin first made in Freiburg in Baden, and stamped with the head of a raven, the Freiburg coat of arms.’ See berappen and Rappe (1).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Rappier

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rappier | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rappier, m. and n., first occurs in early ModHG., from Fr. rapier, whence also the The Fr. equiv. E. rapier and Du. rapier. The Fr. word is generally regarded as Teut. and derived from râpe. See Rappe (3).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Rankkorn

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rankkorn | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rankkorn, n., from the equiv. MidHG. rankorn, rankhorn, n., ‘quinsy (in pigs)’; allied to Du. wrong, which is used of the diseases of cows. Whether it belongs, by inference from the Du. word, to the pre-Teut. root wrank (see renken), is uncertain.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Rapp

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rapp | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rapp, m., ‘grape-stalk,’ from the MidHG. rappe, rape, m., borrowed from the equiv. Fr. râpe (comp. Ital. raspo), whence also the equiv. E. rape.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Rappuse

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rappuse | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rappuse, f., ‘common prey, scramble,’ from late MidHG. rabusch, m., ‘tally,’ which is again derived from the equiv. Bohem. rabuše.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Ranke

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Ranke | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Ranke, f., ‘tendril, creeper,’ ModHG. only, from MidHG. ranken, ‘to move to and fro, extend, stretch.’ See renken. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Raps

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Raps | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Raps, m., ‘rape-seed,’ ModHG. only, from Lat. rapicium. See Rübe.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Bezirk

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Bezirk. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Bezirk, masculine, ‘circuit, district, sphere,’ from Middle High German zirc, ‘circle, circumference, district’; from Latin circus, ‘circle.’ The word, as z for Latin c shows, was borrowed very early during the Old High German period.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Beutel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Beutel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Beutel (1.), masculine, ‘a ripping chisel, a piece of wood for beating flax,’ first occurs in Modern High German; the t points to a Low German origin; in High German we should have expected fs, in Middle High German ȥ (Middle High German bôȥel, bœȥel). Compare Low German bœ̂tel, Anglo-Saxon bŷtel, English beetle (for beating flax); from a root baut, ‘to strike, beat’ (Anglo-Saxon beátan, English beat, Old Icelandic bauta, Old High German bôȥȥan), which still appears in Amboß.
Beutel (2.), masculine, ‘purse,’ from Middle High German biutel, masculine, neuter, ‘purse, pocket,’ Old High German bûtil; compare Dutch buidel (buil), ‘purse’; Gothic *bûdils. The word cannot, however, be traced farther back than Old High German; its kinship to bieten, root bud, from bhudh, would throw no light on the meaning.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Beule

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Beule. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Beule, feminine, ‘boil, swelling,’ from the equivalent Middle High German biule, Old High German bûlla, *bûllea, feminine, ‘blister’; compare Anglo-Saxon bŷle, English bile (also boil), Dutch buil, ‘boil’; Gothic *bûljô, ‘swelling,’ is connected with Gothic ufbauljan, ‘to inflate,’ and stands probably for *bûgwliô, properly Buckel (hump); akin to biegen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Beute

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Beute. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Beute (1.), feminine, ‘kneading trough, beehive,’ from Middle High German biute, feminine, Old High German biutta, feminine, with the same meaning; it presupposes Gothic *biudja. Bütte is the most nearly allied, unless the latter is of Romance origin. The derivation from Old High German biot, Gothic biuþs, Anglo-Saxon beód, ‘table,’ seems uncertain; of course Anglo-Saxon beód also means ‘dish.’
Beute (2.), feminine, ‘booty,’ from the equivalent Middle High German biute; on account of Dutch buit, Old Icelandic bŷte, ‘booty, exchange,’ hence ‘to exchange, divide,’ the t indicates that the word was borrowed. English booty is derived from the Old Icelandic bŷte, but it has also been confused with boot, ‘gain, advantage’ (see Buße). The t would have become fs, tz in High German. As t would represent the dental in Gothic, bieten, Gothic biudan cannot, according to the laws of the permutation of consonants, be allied to Beute; we must assume that the root of the latter is Gothic bût, pre-Teutonic bhū̆d. French butin, ‘booty,’ is borrowed from these cognates. Compare Old Irish buaid, ‘victory.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Biber

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Biber. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Biber, masculine, ‘beaver,’ from the equivalent Middle High German biber, Old High German bibar, masculine; it corresponds to Anglo-Saxon beofor, English beaver, Dutch bever, Old Icelandic bjórr, Gothic *bibrus, A term common to the Aryan family, originally eignilying a ‘brown’ aquatic animal; Latin fiber (Old Gallic Bibracte), Old Slovenian bebrŭ, Lithuanian běbrus (most frequently dábras), ‘beaver.’ Old Indian babhrús as an adjective means ‘brown,’ as a substantive masculine ‘great ichneumon’; bhe-bhrú-s is a reduplicated form of the root bher in Bär and braun. The primitive tribe from which the Indo-Teutons are descended had ere its dispersion several fully developed names of animals; compare Hund, Kuh, Maus, Wolf, &c. The Teutonic word had at an early period supplanted the Latin fiber in Romance, Late Latin biber, Italian bevero, Spanish bibaro, French bièvre, from Teutonic bebru-, bibru-.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Beutheie

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Beutheie. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Beutheie, feminine, ‘cooper's mallet for driving on the hoops.’ Beut- like Beutel, ‘beetle,’ belongs properly to Low German; -heie, hammer, from Middle High German heie, Old High German heia, ‘hammer’; hence Beutheie, ‘driving hammer.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Bibel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Bibel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Bibel, feminine, ‘bible,’ from Middle High German bibel, of which there is a variant, biblie (English bible. ​Dutch bijbel, French bible); formed from Greek-Latin biblia. Compare Fibel.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Beweis

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Beweis. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Beweis, masculine, first occurs in Modern High German, from Middle High German bewîsen, ‘to instruct, show, prove’; compare weisen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Betzel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Betzel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Betzel, Petzel, masculine, ‘small cap,’ from Middle High German (Middle German) bezel, feminine, ‘hood.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Beunde

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Beunde. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Beunde, feminine, from the equivalent Middle High German biunde, Old High German biunt, ‘a vacant and enclosed plot reserved for a special wing or outhouse, enclosure’; no connection with Latin fundus is possible. Middle Low German biwende, ‘an enclosed space,’ shows that an Old High German *bi-want, ‘that which winds round, a hedge,’ is implied. Respecting bi, ‘round about,’ see Bifang.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/schwinden

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/schwinden | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ schwinden, vb., ‘to vanish, dwindle away, decay, perish,’ from MidHG. swinden, OHG. swintan, ‘to vanish, pass away, grow lean, become unconscious, faint’; corresponding to AS. swindan (wanting in E.), ‘to vanish’; probably allied to a root swī̆ (like Goth. standan to the root stā̆?). The root swī̆ appears in OHG. swinan, MidHG. swînen, ‘to decrease, disappear, grow lean, become unconscious,’ OIc. svína, ‘to subside,’ svía, ‘to abate,’ OIc. svíme, AS. svîma, Du. zwijm, ‘giddiness, vertigo.’ In the non-Teut. languages the root swī̆, ‘to decrease,’ has not yet been authenticated; the comparison with Gr. σί-νομας, ‘I plunder, damage,’ is dubious. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/schwingen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/schwingen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ schwingen, vb., ‘to swing, brandish, wave,’ from MidHG. swingen, swinken, OHG. swingan (swinchan?), ‘to swing, throw, hurl, strike, scourge, vault, fly, soar’; corresponding to OSax. swingan, ‘to vault,’ AS. swingan, ‘to scourge, fly, flutter,’ E. to swing; from Goth. *swiggwan was formed swaggwjan, ‘to swing about.’ Under schwank and schwenken, an Aryan root swenk, sweng, was adduced; AS. swincan, E. to swink, is a variant of AS. swingen, E. to swing; comp. Du. zwenken, ‘to swing.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/schwirren

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/schwirren | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ schwirren, vb., ‘to whiz, wir, chirp,’ ModHG. only, allied, like Schwarm, to a root swer, ‘to rustle, drink (like beasts).’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/schwind

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/schwind | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ schwind, see geschwind.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/schwätzen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/schwätzen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ schwätzen, vb., ‘to chatter, prate, gossip,’ from the equiv. MidHG. swętzen, allied to MidHG. swaz (tz), ‘talking, chattering’; an intensive form of a Teut. root swaþ. Comp. MidHG. swadern, swatern, ‘to chatter, rustle, clatter,’ of which the simply ModHG. schwadronieren is a Rom. derivative. There is no relation to Lat. suadere. Origin obscure.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/schwören

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/schwören | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ schwören, vb., ‘to swear,’ from the equiv. MidHG. swęrn, swęrjen, OHG. swęren; swęrien; a specifically Teut. word (like Eid); comp. Goth. swaran, OIc. sverja, AS. swęrian, E. to swear, Du. zweren, OSax. swęrian, ‘to swear.’ The Teut. root swar contained in these words had, however, a wider sense orig. than the one given, for traces in particular dials. lead us to infer that ‘to answer’ was the meaning of the root; comp. OIc. svǫr, n. plur., ‘answer,’ svara, vb., ‘to answer,’ in the legal sense also ‘to give security,’ andsvar, n., ‘legal decision,’ AS. andswaru, f., ‘answer,’ E. to answer (see Antwort), OSax. andswor, ‘vindication.’ The prim. idea of the Teut. root swar is therefore, perhaps, ‘to be responsible’; it has been compared to Lat. respondeo from spondeo.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/schwül

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/schwül | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ schwül, ‘sultry,’ ModHG. only, from LG. swûl; comp. Du. zwoel, ‘sultry,’ AS. swôl (Goth. *swôls, is wanting); allied, like schwelen, to OHG. swilzzôn, ‘to burn slowly,’ AS. for-swœ̂lan, ‘to burn,’ OIc. svœ́la, ‘thick, choking smoke.’ The root swē̆l, swō̆l, appears also in Lith. svìlti, ‘to smoulder,’ svilus, ‘glimmering,’ svilmis, ‘burnt smell,’ and in Lett. swelt, ‘to singe.’ Deriv. Schwulität, ‘sultriness,’ with a Lat. ending like Lappalien and Schmieralien.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/schäbig

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/schäbig | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ schäbig, adj., ‘shabby, sordid, scabby,’ from an earlier ModHG. Schabe, ‘scab, itch’; comp. MidHG. sohębic, ‘scabby.’ Allied, like AS. sčęabb, E. shab (shabby perhaps influenced the ModHG. meaning of schäbig), to schaben.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/schwindeln

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/schwindeln | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ schwindeln, vb., ‘to be dizzy or giddy,’ from the equiv. MidHG. swindeln, OHG. swintilôn, allied to MidHG. swindel, ‘giddiness, vertigo,’ equiv. to OHG. swintilôd and swintilunga. Further akin to schwinden, ‘to dwindle away,’ hence MidHG. also ‘to faint, become unconscious.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/schwitzen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/schwitzen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ schwitzen, vb., ‘to sweat, perspire,’ from the equiv. MidHG. switzen, OHG. swizzen; Goth. *switjan is wanting. The Teut. root swī̆t, Aryan swī̆d, is primit. Aryan, as was observed under Schweiß (a common Aryan root for ‘to freeze’ is wanting; comp. Winter, Schnee, frieren, and Sommer); comp. Sans. svidyâ-mi, from the root svid, ‘to perspire,’ Gr. ίδίω, ‘I perspire,’ ἱδρώς, ‘perspiration,’ for σϝϊδ-, and further Lat. sûdare, ‘to perspire’ (for *swoidare), Lett. swidrs, ‘perspiration.’
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume IV/Origen/Origen Against Celsus/Book III/Chapter XXXVII

Chapter XXXVII.
The Egyptians, then, having been taught to worship Antinous, will, if you compare him with Apollo or Zeus, endure such a comparison, Antinous being magnified in their estimation through being classed with these deities; for Celsus is clearly convicted of falsehood when he says, “that they will not endure his being compared with Apollo or Zeus.” Whereas Christians (who have learned that their eternal life consists in knowing the only true God, who is over all, and Jesus Christ, whom He has sent; and who have learned also that all the gods of the heathen are greedy demons, which flit around sacrifices and blood, and other sacrificial accompaniments, in order to deceive those who have not taken refuge with the God who is over all, but that the divine and holy angels of God are of a different nature and will from all the demons on earth, and that they are known to those exceedingly few persons who have carefully and intelligently investigated these matters) will not endure a comparison to be made between them and Apollo or Zeus, or any being worshipped with odour and blood and sacrifices; some of them, so acting from their extreme simplicity, not being able to give a reason for their conduct, but sincerely observing the precepts which they have received; others, again, for reasons not to be lightly regarded, nay, even of a profound description, and (as a Greek would say) drawn from the inner nature of things; and amongst the latter of these God is a frequent subject of conversation, and those who are honoured by God, through His only-begotten Word, with participation in His divinity, and therefore also in His name.  They speak much, too, both regarding the angels of God and those who are opposed to the truth, but have been deceived; and who, in consequence of being deceived, call them gods or angels of God, or good demons, or heroes who have become such by the transference into them of a good human soul. And such Christians will also show, that as in philosophy there are many who appear to be in possession of the truth, who have yet either deceived themselves by plausible arguments, or by rashly assenting to what was brought forward and discovered by others; so also, among those souls which exist apart from bodies, both angels and demons, there are some which have been induced by plausible reasons to declare themselves gods. And because it was impossible that the reasons of such things could be discovered by men with perfect exactness, it was deemed safe that no mortal should entrust himself to any being as to God, with the exception of Jesus Christ, who is, as it were, the Ruler over all things, and who both beheld these weighty secrets, and made them known to a few.
* ↑ ἀποφοράς.
* ↑ προαιρέσεως.
* ↑ ἐσωτερικῶν καὶ ἐποπτικῶν.
* ↑ ἢ ἥρωας ἐκ μεταβολῆς συστάντας ἀγαθῆς ἀνθρωπίνης ψυχῆς.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume IV/Origen/Origen Against Celsus/Book IV
## Contents

* Chapter I
* Chapter II
* Chapter III
* Chapter IV
* Chapter V
* Chapter VI
* Chapter VII
* Chapter VIII
* Chapter IX
* Chapter X
* Chapter XI
* Chapter XII
* Chapter XIII
* Chapter XIV
* Chapter XV
* Chapter XVI
* Chapter XVII
* Chapter XVIII
* Chapter XIX
* Chapter XX
* Chapter XXI
* Chapter XXII
* Chapter XXIII
* Chapter XXIV
* Chapter XXV
* Chapter XXVI
* Chapter XXVII
* Chapter XXVIII
* Chapter XXIX
* Chapter XXX
* Chapter XXXI
* Chapter XXXII
* Chapter XXXIII
* Chapter XXXIV
* Chapter XXXV
* Chapter XXXVI
* Chapter XXXVII
* Chapter XXXVIII
* Chapter XXXIX
* Chapter XL
* Chapter XLI
* Chapter XLII
* Chapter XLIII
* Chapter XLIV
* Chapter XLV
* Chapter XLVI
* Chapter XLVII
* Chapter XLVIII
* Chapter XLIX
* Chapter L
* Chapter LI
* Chapter LII
* Chapter LIII
* Chapter LIV
* Chapter LV
* Chapter LVI
* Chapter LVII
* Chapter LVIII
* Chapter LIX
* Chapter LX
* Chapter LXI
* Chapter LXII
* Chapter LXIII
* Chapter LXIV
* Chapter LXV
* Chapter LXVI
* Chapter LXVII
* Chapter LXVIII
* Chapter LXIX
* Chapter LXX
* Chapter LXXI
* Chapter LXXII
* Chapter LXXIII
* Chapter LXXIV
* Chapter LXXV
* Chapter LXXVI
* Chapter LXXVII
* Chapter LXXVIII
* Chapter LXXIX
* Chapter LXXX
* Chapter LXXXI
* Chapter LXXXII
* Chapter LXXXIII
* Chapter LXXXIV
* Chapter LXXXV
* Chapter LXXXVI
* Chapter LXXXVII
* Chapter LXXXVIII
* Chapter LXXXIX
* Chapter XC
* Chapter XCI
* Chapter XCII
* Chapter XCIII
* Chapter XCIV
* Chapter XCV
* Chapter XCVI
* Chapter XCVII
* Chapter XCVIII
* Chapter XCIX
* Elucidation
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume IV/Origen/Origen Against Celsus/Book IV/Chapter IX

Chapter IX.
There came, then, although Celsus may not wish to admit it, after the numerous prophets who were the reformers of that well-known Israel, the Christ, the Reformer of the whole world, who did not need to employ against men whips, and chains, and tortures, as was the case under the former economy. For when the sower went forth to sow, the doctrine sufficed to sow the word everywhere. But if there is a time coming which will necessarily circumscribe the duration of the world, by reason of its having had a beginning, and if there is to be an end to the world, and after the end a just judgment of all things, it will be incumbent on him who treats the declarations of the Gospels philosophically, to establish these doctrines by arguments of all kinds, not only derived directly from the sacred Scriptures, but also by inferences deducible from them; while the more numerous and simpler class of believers, and those who are unable to comprehend the many varied aspects of the divine wisdom, must entrust themselves to God, and to the Saviour of our race, and be contented with His “ipse dixit,” instead of this or any other demonstration whatever.