# Bright's Anglo-Saxon Reader/Glossary
## A

ā (ō, oo) adv aye, ever, always
ǣ f law
* ds ǣ
   [Ger Ehe]
abbod m abbot
* gs abbodes
   [Lat abbātem]
abbudisse f abbess
* gs abbudissan
   [Lat abbētissa]
ā-bēodan (principal parts: pret sg:-bēad pret pl:-budon
pp:-boden ) 2 enjoin, announce
ā-beran (principal parts: pret sg:-bær pret pl:-bǣron pp:-boren )
4 bear, endure
ā-bīdan (principal parts: pret sg:-bad pret pl:-bidon pp:-biden ) 1
abide, remain
ā-bisgian (-bysgian) WII engage, occupy
* pp ābisgod, -ad
   [bysig]
ā-bisgung f occupation
āblenden WI make blind, darken
* pp āblēnd
* pl āblende
   [Ger blenden]
ā-blinnan
(principal parts: pret sg:-blann pret pl:-blunnon pp:-blunnen ) 3 cease
* 3 sg ablinð
   [<be-linnan cf. līðe]
ābrecan (principal parts: pret sg:-bræc pret pl:-brǣcon pp:-brocen ) 4
break down, destroy
ā-bregdan (principal parts: pret sg:-brægd pret pl:-brugdon pp:-brogden ) 3
* smite (intr)
* withdraw (trans)
** imp 2 sg ābregd
ā-brēoðan (principal parts: pret sg:-brēað pret pl:-bruðon pp:-broðen ) 2
frustrate, ruin (trans)
* imp 2 sg ābregd
ā-bȳwan WI
prepare, equip, adorn
* pp pl ābȳwde
   [būan]
ac (ah) conj
but
ācennan WI beget, bring forth
* pp ācenned
* sg ācendan
* pl ācende
Achāia f Achaia
ā-cōlian WII become cool
* pp ācōlad
ācsian (āhsian, āxian, āscian) WII ask
* 1 sg ācsige
* 2 sg āhsast
* 3 sg āscað
* 1 pl ācsiað, āhsiað
* pret 3 sg āxode, āhsode
* 3 pl āxodon, ācsedon
ā-cweccan WI shake (trans and intr)
* pret 3 sg ācwehte
ā-cwelan (principal parts: pret sg:-cwæl pret pl:-cwǣlon pp:-cwolen )
4 die
* pret opt 3 sg ācwǣle
ā-cwellan WI
kill
* imp 2 sg ācwel
* 2 pl ācwellað
* pret 3 sg ācwælde
* pp ācweald
   [cwelan]
ā-cweðan (principal parts: pret sg:-cwæð pret pl:-cwǣdon
pp:-cweden ) 5 speak
* 3 sg ācwið
ā-cȳþan
WI reveal, proclaim
   [cūð]
ād m fire, funeral pile
* ds āde
* as ād
* is āde
   [OHG eit, Gr αῖθος]
ād-lēg m flame of the pyre
ā-dīlegian (-dȳlegian) WII blot out, obliterate
* pret 3 sg ādīlegode
* pp pl -dȳlegode
   [Ger tilgen]
ādl f (n)
disease
* gs ādle
* ap ādla
ādlig
adj diseased, sick
* n ādliga
ā-drǣfan WI
drive away, expel
* pret 3 sg ādrǣfde
* pl -don
ǣdre
adv forthwith, quickly
ā-drēogan (principal parts: pret sg:-drēah pret pl:-drugon pp:-drogen ) 2
endure, experience, practice
ā-drīfan (principal parts: pret sg:-drāf pret pl:-drifon pp:-drifen ) 1 drive away
* 3 sg ādrīfð
* pp pl ādrifene
ā-dwǣscan WI
quench, extinguish
* pret 3 sg ādwǣscte
ā-dȳdan WI put to death
* pret 3 sg ādȳdd
   [dēad]
ā-dȳlegian see:ā-dīlegian
ā-ebbian WII ebb away, recede
* pp āhebbad
āfandian
WII make trial of, experience
* pp sg āfandode
ā-faran (principal parts: pret sg:-fōr
pret pl:-fōron pp:-faren ) 6 go, march
ā-fǣran WI make afraid, terrify
* pp āfǣred
ǣ-fæstnes f piety
* ds ǣfestnisse
ā-feallan (principal parts: pret sg:-fēoll pret pl:-fēollon pp:-feallen ) R
fall
* ptc āfeallende
* 3 sg āfielð
* opt 3 sg āfealle
ā-fēdan WI feed, sustain
* 3 sg āfēdeð
* pret 3 sg āfēdde
ǣfen n evening
* ds ǣfenne
ǣfen-giefl n evening repast, supper
æfest (æfst) f n disfavor, envy, malice
   [æf-ēst, OHG abunst]
ǣ-fest see:ǣw-fæst
ǣ-festnes see:ǣ-fæstnes
ā-flēon (principal parts: pret sg:-flēah pret pl:-flugon pp:-flogen ) 2
* fly (intr)
* fly from (trans)
** 3 sg āflȳhð
ā-flīgan WI put to flight
* pret 2 pl āflīgdon
* pp pl āflīgdon
* pp pl āflīgde
   [flēon]
ā-flȳman
WI cause to flee, drive out
* pret 3 sg āflȳmde
   [flēam]
ā-forhtian
WII frighten
* pp pl āforhtode
ǣfre adv
ever
æftan adv from behind, behind
æfter prep (w dat)
* after (time and place)
** æfter ðissum after this (adv)
** æfter ðæm thereafter (adv)
* along (place)
* according to
* adv afterwards
æfter-fyligan WIII follow after
* ptc pl -fyligende (w dat)
* ds -fylgende, successor
* opt 3 sg -fylige (intr)
æfter-genga m
successor
* np -gengan
ā-fyllan WI fill: inf
* pp āfylled
   [full]
ā-fyllan WI cause to fall, destroy
   [feallan]
ā-fyrhtan WI frighten
* pp (adj) pl āfyrhte
ā-fyrran WI remove, take away
* 3 sg āfyrð, āfyrreþ
* opt 3 sg āfyrre
* pp āfyrred
   [feorr]
ā-fȳsan WI
* hasten forth (intr)
* incite to go (trans)
** pp āfȳsed
   [fūs]
ǣg n egg
* ds ǣge
āgan PP possess
* ger āgenne
* 1 sg āh
* 3 sg
* opt 3 sg āge
* pret 3 sg āhte
   [Mod own]
ā-gān (principal parts: pret sg:-ēode pp:-gān ) go
* pp pl āgāne
agēn see:ongēan
āgen (pp) adj
own
* ds āgnum
* as āgen, āgenne
* gp āgenra
   [āgan]
ā-gēotan (principal parts: pret sg:-gēat pret pl:-guton pp:-goten ) 2
pour, shed
* ptc āgēotende
   [Ger giessen]
ā-gētan WI
injure, kill: pp āgēted
ā-gifan (-giefan -gyfan) (principal parts: pret sg:-geaf pret pl:-gēafon pp:-gifen ) 5 give, relinquish, return
* pret 3 sg āgef
* pret opt 3 pl āgēafen
ǣg-hwā pron
each, every
* gs ǣghwǣs, adv, in every respect, entirely
ǣg-hwǣr adv everywhere
ǣg-hwæðer (ǣgðer, āðer)
* pron, each (one of two or more)
** ns ǣgðer
** gs ǣgðres
** ds ǣgðrum
** as ǣgþerne
* conj
** ǣg-hwæþer ge ... ge both ... and
** ǣgðer ge ... ge both ... and
** āðer oððe oððe either ... or
ǣg-hwilc pron each
ǣg-hwonan
adv from all sides, on all sides
āglǣca (ǣglǣca) m monster, fiend
* np āglǣcan
   [Goth aglaiti]
āgnian WII possess, assume as one's own
* 3 pl āgniað
   [āgen]
ǣgðer see:ǣg-hwæðer
ā-gyldan (-gieldan) (principal parts: pret sg:-geald
pret pl:-guldon pp:-golden ) 3
* repay, requite
* punish
ā-gyltan WI offend, sin
* opt 3 pl āgylten
* pret 1 pl āgylton
* pp āgylt
ah (ac) conj but
ā-hebbad see:ā-ebbian
ā-hebban (principal parts: pret sg:-hōf pret pl:-hōfon pp:-hafen )
6 heave, life, raise, exalt
* 2 pl āhebbe
* imp 2 pl āhebbað
* opt 3 pl āhebban
ā-hōn (principal parts: pret sg:-hēng pret pl:-hēngon pp:-hangen ) R
hang (trans)
* imp 2 sg āhōh
* pret 2 sg āhēnge
ā-hreddan WI save, deliver, rescue
* ger āhredenne
* 1 sg āhredde
* opt 3 sg āhredde
* pret 3 sg āhredde
* 3 pl -don
ā-hrēosan (principal parts: pret sg:-hrēas pret pl:-hruron pp:-hroren ) 2 fall
* opt 3 sg āhrēose
āhsian see:ācsian
ǣht f
possession, property
* ap ǣhta
   [āgan]
ǣht-ge-strēon n
possession, riches
ā-hȳdan WI hide
* pp āhȳded
ā-īdligan WI profane
ā-lǣdan WI
* lead, conduct
** 3 sg ālǣdeð; ālæt
** imp 2 sg ālǣd
** pp ālǣdd
** np ālǣdde
* proceed, grow
** pret opt 3 sg ālǣde
ǣlan WI trans and intrans kindle, burn
* 3 sg ǣleð
* pp ǣled
ǣlc pron subst and adj each, any
* gs ǣlces
* ds ǣlcum; ǣlcon; ǣlcere
* as ǣlc
* is ǣlce
ælde (ielde, ylde) m pl men
* gp ælda
   [eald]
aldor see:ealdor
aldor-monn (ealdor-) m chief, magistrate
* gs -monnes
* np -men
ā-lecgan WI
lay down, allay, overcome, refute
* 3 pl ālecgað
* pret 3 sg ālēde
* 3 pl ālēdon
* pp ālēd
   [licgan]
ǣled m
fire
ā-lēfan see:ā-lȳfan
ā-lēogan (principal parts: pret sg:-lēah pret pl:-lugon
pp:-logen ) 2 lie, deny (w dat of pers and acc of thing)
* 3 sg ālīhð
æl-fremed see:el-fremed
æl-gylden adj of pure gold
* ap -gyldene
all see:eall
ælmes-georn adj liberal of alms, charitable
* np -georne
ælmesse f alms
* ds almyssan
* as ælmessan
   [(Gr) Lat eleēmosyna]
æl-mihtig
adj almighty
* ns [???] ælmehtiga
* gs ælmehtigan
* ds ælmihtegum
æl-þēodig see:el-þēodig
æl-þēodisc see:el-þēodisc
ā-lybban WIII live
ālȳfan (-lēfan) WI allow, permit, grant (w dat of pers and acc of thing)
* pp ālȳfed, ālēfed
ā-lȳsan WI loosen, release, ransom
* pret 3 sg ālȳsde, ālēsde
* pp pl ālȳsede
amang see:on-ge-mong
ambor m measure
* gp ambra
   [Ger Eimer]
ambyre adj favorable
* as ambyrne
   [<and-byre]
ā-merian WI free from dross, purify, refine
* pp pl āmerede
ā-metan 5 measure, estimate
ā-myrran WI mar, destroy, hinder
* pret 3 sg āmyrde
an see:unnan
ān num adj
* one, certain one (indef art), a, an
** ns ān
** ds ānum, ānre [???]
** as ǣnne, ānne, ān
** gp ānra
** on ān right on, continuously
** ānra gehwæs of each one
* alone
** ns āna
** as ānne
** ap āna, ān
** þæt ān only that
an-be-stingan 3 thrust in, insert
* pp pl -stungnan
an-bīdan see:on-bīdan
and (ond) conj and
anda m zeal, indignation, malice, injury
* ds andan
   [Ger ahnden]
and-bidian WII wait
* pret opt 1 sg -bidode
an-dēfn f fitting amount, proportion
* ds andēfne
   [dafenian]
andetnis f confession
* as -nysse
andettan (ondettan)
WI confess, acknowledge
* ptc ondettende
* sg andette, ondette
* imp andettað
   [and-hātan]
and-fenge adj acceptable
   [fōn]
and-giet (-git) n intelligence, reason, sense, meaning
* gs andgites
* ds andgiete
* as andgit, ondgit
and-gitfull adj intelligent
and-gitfullīce adv intelligibly
* supl -gitfullīcost
and-lang adj continuous, entire
* as -langne
and-leofen
f living, food, sustenance
* ds -leofne
an-drǣden see:on-drǣden
Andred m the 'Weald' (the great forest in Kent and Sussex)
and-swarian see:ond-swarian
and-swaru (ond-) f answer
* as -sware
and-weard
adj present
* gs andweardan
* ds -werdan
* dp -werdum, ondweardum
and-wlita m countenance, appearance
* gs -wlitan
   [wlītan; Ger Antlitz]
and-wyrdan WI answer
* pret 1 sg andwyrde
ān-faldnes adj unity, simplicity
* gs -nesse
ān-feald adj one-fold, single, unmixed, superior
* ds ān-fealdan
ān-fealdlīche adv in the singular number
ān-for-lǣtan (principal parts: pret sg:-lēt pret pl:-lēton pp:-lǣten )
R leave, abandon
* 1 pl -aþ
* pret opt 3 sg ānforlēte
Angel n Anglen (Denmark)
* ds Angle
Angel-cynne (Ongel)
n Angle kin, English people, England
* ds -cynne
* as -cynn, -cyn, Ongelcyn
an-ge-weald (=an-weald) power, dominion
an-ginn see:on-ginn
Angle m pl
the Angles, Anglicans, English
an-grīslīc adj grisly, hideous, horrible
ān-grȳsenlīce (-grīsenlīce) adv hideously
ān-haga (-hoga) m solitary, recluse, wanderer
* as ānhagan
anhangen see:on-hōn
ānig adj only
ǣnig
pron adj any
* ds ǣnegum
* as ǣnig, ǣnigne
an-līc see:on-līc
ǣn-līc adj unique, peerless, excellent
ān-līcnes
see:on-līcnes
ān-līpig (ǣn-līpig ān-lēpe) adj single, individual
* as ān-lēpne
* np ǣlīpige
ān-mēdla (on-) m arrogance
* np -mēdlan
   [mōd]
ān-mōdlīce adv unanimously
ān-mōdnes
f unanimity
* as -nesse
ān-nis f
unity
* as -nysse
ān-rǣd (on-) adj resolute
ān-rǣdnis f constancy
* ds -nysse
an-settan WI put upon, impose
ān-streces (gen) adv continuously
an-sund see:on-sund
an-sundnis see:on-sundnis
an-sȳn
see:on-sīen
Ante-crȳst m Antichrist
* gs -crȳsted
an-ðrǣce see:on-ðrǣce
ān-weald see:on-weald
apostol m apostle
* gs apostoles
* ds apostole
* as apostol
* np apostolī
* gp apostola
* ap apostolas
apostolīc adj apostolic
* ds -līcan
* as -līce
æppel m apple
* gs æples
* as æppel
æpplian WII make into the form of apples, emboss
* pp sg æpplede
Apulder m Appledore
* ds Apuldre
ār m
* honor, favor, mercy
** gs āre
* property, possessions
** as āre
   [Ger Ehre]
ār m messenger
* gs āres
   [Goth airus]
ār f oar
* gp āra
ǣr comp adj former, preceding
* ap ǣrran
* supl ns ǣreste
ǣr
* comp adv earlier, formerly, before
** comp ǣror
** supl ǣrest
* conj ere, before that (usually followed by the opt)
* prep (w dat) before (time)
ā-rǣd adj inexorable
ā-rǣdan WI
read
ā-rǣfnan (-refnan) WI perform, endure
* imp 2 sg āræfn, ārefna
* pret 1 sg āræfnede
ā-ræfnian WII endure
* 1 sg āræfnie
ā-rǣman WI arise
* pret 3 sg āræmde
ā-rǣran WI raise, erect, build
* ptc ārǣrende
* 2 sg ārǣrst
* opt 3 sg ārǣre
* pret 3 sg ārǣrde
* 3 pl -don
   [rīsan]
ærce-bisceop (arce-) m archbishop
* ds -biscepe
ǣr-dæg m former day
ā-reccean WI expound, translate, recount
* inf āreccan
ā-redian WII arrange
* 3 sg āredað
ǣren adj made of brass, brazen
* as ǣrne
* ap ǣrenan
   [ār, Goth ais]
ǣrende n errand, message
ǣrend-fæst adj bound on an errand
ǣrend-ge-writ n message, letter
* as ārend-
ǣrend-raca (-wreca) m messenger
* ds -racan
* dp -wrecum
ār-fæst honorable, virtuous, merciful
* ns -fæsta
ār-fæastnis f virtue
* ds -nisse
ār-hwæt adj eager for glory
* np -hwate
ārian WII
* honor, show favor
** 3 sg ārað
* desist, cease
** imp 2 sg āra
ā-rīsan (principal parts: pret sg:-rās pret pl:-rison pp:-risen ) 1 arise
* 3 sg ārīseþ
* imp 2 sg ārīs
* 2 pl ārīsað
* opt 2 sg ārīse
* 2 pl ārīson
ǣrīst m f n resurrection
* gs ǣrīstes
* as ǣrīste
ār-lēas adj dishonorable, wicked
* ds -lēasre
* np -lēasan
arn see:yrnan
ærnan WI cause to run; ride, gallop
* 3 pl ærnað
* pret 3 pl ærndon
   [yrnan]
ǣrne-merigen m early morning
ārodlīce
adv quickly, vigourously
ǣr-wacol adj early awake
ār-wurð (-weorð) worthy of honor, venerable
* as āwurðne
ār-wurðian (-weorðian) WII honor
* pret 3 sg ārwurðne
ār-wurðlīce adv honorable, reverentially
ār-wurðnis
f reverence, honor
* ds -nysse
ǣs n
food, prey, carrion
* gs ǣses
   [Ger Aas]
ā-sāwan R
sow
* pp āsāwen
æsc m
* ash, spear
** gp asca
* boat, ship (of Danish ships)
** ap æscas
asce (axe) f ashes
ā-sceacan
(principal parts: pret sg:-scōc,-scēoc pret pl:-scōcon,-scēocon pp:-sceacen ) 6 shake
* ptc āsceacende
* 3 sg āscæceð
* pret 3 sg āscēoc
æsc-here m
(ash-) spear-army, ship-army
æsc-holt n spear-shaft
āscian see:ācsian
ā-scīnan (principal parts: pret sg:-scān pret pl:-scinon pp:-scinen ) 1 shine
ā-scūfan (principal parts: pret sg:-scēaf pret pl:-scufon pp:-scofen ) 2 shove, push
ā-scȳran
WI make clear, transparent
* pp āscȳred
   [scīr]
ā-secgan
WIII say, relate
* pret 3 pl āsǣdon
ā-sendan WI
send
* pret 2 sg āsendest
* 3 sg āsende
* pp āsend
ā-settan WI set, place, transport oneself, go
* opt 3 sg āsette
* pret 3 pl āsettan
* pp āsett
   [sittan]
ā-singan
3 sing
* pret 3 sg āsong
ā-sittan (principal parts: pret sg:-sæt
pret pl:-sǣton pp:-seten ) 5 sit fast, ground (of ships)
ā-slēan 6 strike, cut off
* pp āslagen
ā-smiþan WII forge, work
* pp āsmiþod
ā-spendan WI spend, expend
* pret 3 sg āspende
* pp āspended
ǣ-spring n spring of water, fountain
* ds ǣspringe
ā-springan 3 spring up, spread
* pret 3 sg āsprang
* 3 pl āsprungen
ā-standan 6 stand
* 3 pl āstandaþ
æstel m book-mark
   [Lat hastula]
ā-stellan
WI set up, restore, establish
* 3 sg āstelleð
* pret 3 asg āstealde
ā-sterian see:ā-styrian
ā-stīgan (principal parts: pret sg:-stāg,-stāh pret pl:-stigon pp:-stigen )
1 ascend, mount (trans and intr), spring up, enter or leave a ship, go
* 3 sg āstīhð
* imp 2 sg āstīg
* 2 pl āstīgað
* pret 3 sg āstāg, āstāh
ā-stingan 3
pierce
* pret 3 pl āstungon
ā-streccan WI stretch, extend, prostrate
* opt 3 sg āstrecce
* pret 3 sg āstrehte
* pp āstreht
ā-styrian (-sterian) WI stir, agitate, move (trans)
* 3 sg āstereð
* pp pl āsterede, āstyrode (W II)
ā-sundrian WII separate (trans)
* pp asundrad
* pl asyndrode
a-sundron (-sundran) adv
asunder, apart, privately
ā-swebban WI put to sleep, quiet
* pp āswefed
* pl -ede
   [swefan]
ā-syndrode see:ā-sundrian
æt
pret w dat
* at, in (time, place, circumstance)
* of, from (w verbs of asking, receiving, taking, buying)
ǣt
m f
* anything to be eaten, food
** gs ǣtes
* the act of eating
** ds ǣte
   [etan]
æt-bregdan (principal parts:
pret sg:-brægd,-brǣd pret pl:-brugdon,-brūdon pp:-brogden,-broden ) 3 take away, deprive, release
* pret 3 sg ætbrǣd
* pp ætbrōden
* pl -brōdene
æt-ēawed see:æt-ēowian
ā-tellan WI tell, relate
* pret 3 pl ātealdon
ā-tēon
(principal parts: pret sg:-tēah pret pl:-tugon pp:-togen ) 2 draw
* 3 sg ātȳhð
* opt 3 sg ātēo
* pres opt 3 sg ātuge
ā-tēorian WII
become exhausted, fail
* pp ātēorod
æt-ēowian WII appear (intr),
show, manifest (trans)
* ger ætēowenne
* pret 1 sg ætēowde
* 3 sg ætēowode
* pp ætēawed
* pl ætēowde, ætēowode
   [Goth at-augjan]
æt-foran prep (w dat) before
æt-gædere adv together
æt-lūtian WII lurk out of sight, hide
* pret 3 sg -lūtode
   [cf Mod loiter]
ā-tredan 5 tread
* pret 3 sg ātræd
æt-somne adv together
æt-standan 6 stand, remain
* pret 3 sg ætstōd
āttor (ātor) n poison
* is ātre
   [Ger Eiter]
āttor-bǣre adj poisonous
* as -bǣran
ǣttren (ǣtren) adj poisonous
* ns ǣtterne
* ap ǣttrynne
æt-wītan (oð) (principal parts: pret sg:-wāt pret pl:-witon pp:-witen ) 1
twit, reproach (w dat)
   [cf. ed-wīt]
æt-ȳwan (-īwan) WI [cf. æt-ēowian] appear (intr), show, manifest (trans)
* 3 sg ǣtȳweð
* imp 2 sg ætȳw
* pret 3 sg ætȳwde, ātīwde
āð m oath
* ap āðas
   [Ger Eid]
æðel-boren (pp) adj of noble birth
* ds -borenre
æðel-borennis f nobleness of birth
* as -nysse
æðele
adj noble, excellent
* ds æðelum
* as æðelan
* ap æðele
* supl ns æðelast
   [Ger edel]
æðele adv
nobly
æðeling m noble, prince
* gs æðelinges
æðellīce adv nobly
æþelnes f nobility
æþelo f nobility
æðel-stenc m excellent fragrance
* gp -stenca
æðel-tungol n m noble star
* gp -tungla
ā-þenian WII; [S 400 n 2] stretch out
* pret 3 sg āþende
   [Ger dehnen]
āðer see:ǣg-hwæðer
ā-ðindan (principal parts: pret sg:-ðond pret pl:-ðundon
pp:-ðunden ) 3 swell, puff up
ā-ðīstrian WII become dark, obscured
* 3 pl āðīstriað
* pp pl āðīstrode
   [ðeostru]
Aþulfing (= æþelwulfing) m
son of æthelwulf
ā-þwēan 6 wash
* pret 3 sg āþwōh
ǣw see:ǣ
ā-wæcnan [S 392 n 1] awake (intr)
* pret 3 sg āwōc
ā-wǣgan WI annul
ā-weccan WI
awake, arouse, incite
* opt 3 sg āwecce
* pret 3 sg āweahte
* pret opt 3 sg āwehte
* 3 pl āwehton
* pp āweaht, āwreht
* pl āwehte
ā-wēdan WI rage
* pret 3 sg āwēdde
   [wōd]
a-weg see:weg
ā-wegan 5 carry
ā-wendan WI turn, direct, change, translate
* pret 1 sg āwende
* pp āwend
ā-weorpan (-wurpan) (principal parts: pret sg:-wearp pret pl:-wurpon pp:-worpen ) 3 cast, overthrow, reject
ā-wēstan WI lay waste, destroy
* pp pl āwēste
ǣw-fæst (ǣ-fæst) adj law-observing, pious
* ns ǣwfasð, ǣfest
* ap ǣfeste
* supl np ǣwfæstoste
ā-wiht pron aught, anything
ǣwisc-mōd adj ashamed, abashed
* np -mōde
   [Goth aiwiski]
ā-wōc see:ā-wæcnan
ā-wreht see:ā-weccan
ā-wrītan (principal parts:
pret sg:-wrāt pret pl:-writon pp:-writen ) 1 write, compose
* 1 sg āwrīte
* pp pl āwritene
ā-wunian WII abide, continue
ā-wyrdan WI
destroy
* opt 3 sg āwyrde
ā-wyrgan WI curse
* pp pl āwyrigedan
   [wearg]
āxian see:āscian
ā-ȳdlian WII annul
* pp pl āȳdlode
   [īdel]

## B

bæc n back
* as under bæc backwards
* ofer bæc backwards
bæc-bord n left side of a ship, larboard
   [Ger Backbord, Fr babord]
bǣl
n fire, funeral pyre
* gs bǣles
* is bǣle
* as bǣl
   [ON bāl]
bǣl-fȳr n bale-fire, funeral or sacrificial fire
bǣl-þracu
f violence of fire
* ds -þræce
bām see:bēgen
bān n bone
* ds bāne
* as bān
* np bān
bana m murderer
* ds banan
   [Mod bane]
bān-fæt n (bone-vessel) body
* ap -fatu
bǣr f bier
* as bǣre
   [beran]
Bardan-īg f Bardney (Lincolnshire)
bærnan
WI burn (trans)
Basingas pl m Basing (Hants)
* dp -engum
basu adj purple (crimson)
bǣtan WI
bridle
bæð n bath, font
baþian WII bathe
be (bī, big) prep w dat inst; adv
* (nearness) by, near, along, on
** be ēasten w dat east of
** be westan w dat west of
** be norþan w dat north of
* (metaph. proximity) by, with, according to, concerning
** bī wrīte copy
** be þām by that
** by þȳ by that
** be fullan fully, perfectly
** be ðām concerning this
** bī ðȳs ilcan
bēacen n beacon (the sun)
* gs bēacnes
bēacnian WII typify, indicate, show
* 3 sg bēacnað
beadu f battle
* ds beaduwe
   [ON boð boðvar]
beadu-cræftig adj valiant
beadu-rǣs m rush of battle, onslaught
beadu-weorc n work of battle
* gp -weorca
be-æftan (bæftan) prep adv (w dat) behind
bēag (bēah) m ring, bracelet, collar, crown
* ap bēagas
   [būgan]
bēah-gifa (bēag-) m ring-giver, lord, king
* ds -gifan
bealcettan WI belch, send forth, utter
* pret 3 sg -ette
beald (bald) adj bold
* ns (w gen)
bealdlīce (bald-) adv boldly
* supl baldlīcost
bealo (bealu)
n bale, evil, mischief
* gs bealwes
bealo-sorg f
baleful sorrow
* as -sorge
bēam m tree
* ds bēame
* as bēam
* np bēamas
* gp bēama
Bēam-flēot m Benfleet (Essex)
* ds -flēote
bearn n child, son
* ap bearn
   [beran]
bearo m grove, wood
* ds bearwe
* as bearo
* np bearwas
* gp bearwa
bēatan
(principal parts: pret sg:bēot pret pl:bēoton pp:bēaten ) R beat
* ptc bēatende
be-baðian (bi-) WII bathe
* 3 sg bibaðað
Bebban-burg f Bamborough (Northumbria)
* ds byrig
be-bēodan
(principal parts: pret sg:-bēad pret pl:-budon pp:-boden ) 2
* command, bid (w dat)
** 1 sg -bīode
* offer, commit, entrust
** ptc bebēodende
be-bod n command
* as bebod
* gp -boda
* ap -bodu, -boda
   [bēodan]
be-byrgan WI
bury
* ger -byrgenne
* 3 sg byrgeð
* pp -byrged
be-cēapian WII sell
be-cierran (-cirran -cyrran) WI
turn (trans)
* pp -ciered
be-clyppan (bi-) WI
embrace, seize
* 3 sg biclyppeð
   [Mod clip]
be-clȳsan WI
inclose, shut in, imprison
* pp beclȳsed
* pl -clȳsde
   [clūse; Lat clausus]
be-cuman 4 come, arrive
* 3 sg -cymð
* 3 pl -cumað
* opt 3 sg -cume
* pret 3 sg cwōm, cōm
* 2 pl -cōmon
* pret opt 3 sg -cōme
be-dǣlan (bi-) separate, deprive of
* pp bidǣled (w inst)
bedd n bed
* ds bedde
be-dīglian (-dȳglian -dēglian) WII obscure, bedim, conceal, keep secret
* pp -dīgled, -dȳglod, -dēglad
   [dīgol]
be-ebbian WII leave aground by the ebb, strand
* pp pl beebbade
be-fæstan WI fasten, fix, put in safe keeping, entrust
* opt 2 sg -fæste
* pret 3 sg -fæste
* 3 pl -on
* pp befæst
be-feallan R
fall
* opt 2 sg -fealle
be-fēolan 3 apply oneself (w dat)
   [Ger befehlen]
be-fōn (bi-) R surround, envelop, clothe, cover
* imp 2 sg -fōh
* pp -fangen
* pl -fongne, bifongen
be-foran prep (w dat)
before
be-foran adv before
be-frān see:be-frignan
be-frignan 3 ask
* pret 3 sg befrān
be-gān irreg
* practice, perform, serve, occupy oneself with
** opt 3 sg begā (w reflex acc)
** pret 1 sg beēode
** pl -ēodon, -ēodan
** 3 pl biēodon
* surround
be-gang m undertaking, business
bēgen (bēggen)
num adj both
* hī bū
* hīe būtū
* gyt būtū
* unc bām
be-geondan (-giondan) prep (w dat) beyond
be-gietan (-gitan, -gytan)
5 get, obtain, find
* pret 2 pl -gēaton, -gēton
be-ginnan 3
begin
* pret 3 sg begann
* pp begunnen
be-gyrdan WI begird, surround
* pp begyrdd
be-hāt
n promise
* ds -hāte
* ap -hāt
be-hātan R promise
* 3 sg -hǣt
be-healdan (bi-)
R
* hold, occupy, guard, protect
** 3 sg bi-healdeð
* behold, look, observe
** inf bi-
** imp 2 sg beheald
** pret 3 sg -hēold
** 3 pl -on
be-helan (bi-) 4 conceal
* pp sg biholene
   [Ger hehlen]
be-heonan (-hionan) prep (w dat) on this side of
be-hindan adv behind
be-hindan prep (w dat) behind
be-hōfian WII behoove, require
* pret 3 pl -hōfedon
be-hrēosan (bi-)
(principal parts: pret sg:-hrēas pret pl:-hruron pp:-hroren ) 2 (fall upon) cover
* pp pl bihrorene
be-hrēowsian WII rue, repent of
* 1 pl hrēowsiað
be-hrēowsung f repentance
* gs -unge
be-hwyrfan
WI change, convert
* pret 3 pl -hwyrfdon
* pp -hwyrfed
be-hȳdan (bi-) hide, conceal
* pp -hȳdd, bihȳded
* sg bihȳdde
be-limpan 3 concern, pertain, belong (intr)
* 3 sg -limpð, -limpeð
* pret 3 pl -lumpon
be-lūcan 2 lock, lock up, shut in
* imp 2 pl -lūcað
* pp -locen
bēn f prayer, petition
* gs bēne
* np bēna
* ap bēna
   [cf Mod boon]
benc f bench
* ds bence
bend
m f n bond, fetter
be-niman (bi-) 4 rob, deprive of (w acc of pers and gen or inst of thing)
* 3 sg -nimð
* pret 3 sg -nam
* pp pl -numene
benn
f wound
* np benna
   [bana]
bēodan
(principal parts: pret sg:bēad pret pl:budon pp:boden ) 2 offer, announce, command
* 3 sg bēodeð
bēon (bīon, wesan) irreg be, exist, become
* ger bēonne, bīonne
* 2 sg byst, bist
* 3 sg bið
* 1 pl bēo wē
* 3 pl bēoð, bīoð
* imp 2 sg bēo
* 2 pl bēoð
* opt 3 sg bēo, bīo
* 2 pl bēo gē
* 3 pl bīon
* 1 sg eom
* 2 sg eart
* 3 sg is, ys
* 3 pl synd, synt, sindon, siendon, syndon
* opt 3 sg sīe, sȳ, sig
* 3 pl sīen, sīn, sȳn
* neg 3 sg nis (<ne is), nys
* 3 sg weseð
* imp 2 sg wes
* pret 3 sg wæs, wes
* 3 pl wǣren, wǣrun, wǣran
* pret opt 3 sg wǣre
* neg pret 3 sg næs (<ne wæs)
* neg 3 pl nǣron
* neg pret opt 3 sg nǣre
* neg 3 pl nǣron
* neg pret opt 3 sg nǣre
* neg 3 pl nǣren
beorg (beorh) m hill, mountain
* np beorgas
* gp beorga
beorgan (byrgan) WI taste, partake of
* 3 sg beorgeð
beorgan (principal parts: pret sg:bearg pret pl:burgon pp:borgen ) 3 protect, preserve (w dat)
   [Ger bergen]
beorh-stede m mound
beorht (biorht) adj bright, shining, glorious
* ds beorhtre
* is beorhtan
* np beorhte
* supl ns beorhtast
beorhte (biorhte) adv brightly
beorhtnis f
brightness
* ns -nys
* ds -nysse
Beormas
m pl Permians
beorn m man, retainer, hero, chief
* gs beornes
* ds beorne
* np beornas
beornan (born barn) (principal parts:
pret sg:bearn pret pl:burnon pp:bornen ) 3 burn (intr)
* 3 sg byrneð
bēot (<*bī-hāt) n boast
* as bēot
* ap bēot
* on bēot boastfully
bēotian
WII boast
* pret 3 sg bēotode
be-pǣcan WI
deceive, entice
* pp bepǣht
   [fācen]
beran (principal parts: pret sg:bær
pret pl:bǣron pp:boren ) 4 bear
* ger beranne
* 2 sg byrst
* 3 sg byrð, bereð, biereð
* imp 2 pl berað
* opt 3 sg bere
be-rēafian WII bereave, rob, despoil, dispossess (w acc of pers and gen of thing)
* 3 sg -rēafað
beren adj of a bear
* as berenne, beren
be-rīdan 1 pursue, surround, overtake
* pret 3 sg -rād
be-rōwan
R row past or round (trans)
berstan (principal parts: pret sg:bærst pret pl:burston pp:borsten )
3 burst
be-rȳpan WI despoil of, plunder (w acc of pers and gen of thing)
* 3 sg berȳpð
bescūfan 2 shove, push
be-sēon (-sīon) 5
see, look (intr)
* pret 3 sg -seah
* opt 3 sg besīo (w reflex acc)
* pret opt 3 sg besāwe
be-settan (bi-) WI beset, occupy, surround, adorn
* 3 sg biseteð
* pp -seted, bi-
be-sittan (principal parts: pret sg:-sæt
pret pl:-sǣton pp:-seten ) 5 besiege
be-slēan 6 strike, cut off, deprive
* pp beslægen
be-smitennis f defilement
* as -nysse
be-standan 6 stand round, surround, beset
* 3 pl -standað
* pret 3 pl -stōdon
be-swīcan (bi-) (principal parts: pret sg:-swāc pret pl:-swicon pp:-swicen )
1 deceive, betray, offend, overcome
* 3 sg besuīcð
* pret 3 sg bi-
* pp pl beswicene
be-swīcian WII evade, escape
* pp sg beswīcade
be-tǣcan WI commit, commend, entrust
* 1 sg -tǣce
* pret 3 sg -tǣhte
bētan WI amend
   [bōt]
be-teldan (bi-)
(principal parts: pret sg:teald pret pl:tuldon pp:tolden ) 3 cover, hem in, surround
* 3 sg biteldeð
* 3 pl -teldað
* pp bitolden
   [cf Mod tilt; Ger Zelt]
betera
see:gōd
be-tweoh (-twih -twuh -tuh -tweohx -twux -tux) prep (w dat) between, among
* betwux ðisum meanwhile
be-twēonum (-twēonon -twȳnum -twȳnan) prep (w dat) between, among
be-tȳnan (bi-) WI close, end, enclose, imprison
* pret 3 sg -tȳnde
* 3 pl -on
* pp betȳned, bitȳned
   [tūn]
be-þeccan (bi-) WI cover
* pp pl beþeahte, bi-
   [Ger decken]
be-þingan (bi-) 3 beset, encircle
* pp biþrungen
   [Ger dringen]
be-urne see:be-yrnan
be-wāwan (principal parts: pret sg:-wēow pret pl:-wēowon
pp:-wāwen ) R blow upon
* pp pl biwāune
   [Ger wehen]
be-weaxan (bi-) R over-grow
* pp -weaxen, bi-
be-wēpan
R weep over, bewail
be-windan (bi-) 3 encircle, surround
* pp biwunden
be-witan PP oversee, have charge of, administer
* pret 3 sg bewiste
be-witigan (-witian) WII observe
be-wlītan 1 look
* pret 3 sg -wlāt
be-yrnan (principal parts: pret sg:-arn pret pl:-urnon pp:-urnen )
3 run
* pret 2 sg beurne
bi-, bī see:be-, be
bīdan (principal parts: pret sg:bād pret pl:bidon pp:biden ) 1
* abide, remain
** 3 sg bīdeþ
* await, expect (w gen)
biddan (byddan) (principal parts: pret sg:bæd pret pl:bǣdon pp:beden ) 5 ask, request (acc of pers and gen of thing)
* ptc biddende
* 3 pl biddaþ
* imp 2 pl biddað
* opt 3 sg bidde
* pret 2 sg bǣde
* pret opt 3 sg bǣde
bi-drēosan (principal parts: pret sg:-drēas pret pl:-druron pp:-droren ) 2 (cause to fall away) deprive (w instr)
* pp pl bi-drorene
   [cf Mod dross, dreary]
bifian (beofian) WII waver, tremble
* ptc pl bifigendan
* pret 3 pl bifedon
   [Ger beben]
big-
see:bī-
bīgan (bīegan bȳgan) WI bend
* 3 sg bīgeð
   [būgan]
bī-genga m inhabitant
bī-gong (bī-gang big-geng) m
worship
* gs bīgonges
* ds bīgange
bī-leofa (big-)
m sustenance, food
* ns bigleofa
* ds bigleofan
   [libban]
bile-wit (bil-) adj innocent, pure, simple
* ds -witre
   [cf Ger billig]
bile-witnes f innocence, purity
* gs -nesse, -nysse
bill n sword
* as bill
* is bille
   [Ger bille]
bill-gesliht n clashing of swords
* gs -geslihtes
bindan (principal parts: pret sg:bond pret pl:bundon pp:bunden ) 3 bind
* 3 pl bindað
* opt 3 sg binde
* pret 3 sg band
binnan (binnon) prep adv (w dat) within (time and place)
* adv binnan
bisceop (biscop biscep) m bishop
* gs bisceopes
* ds biscepe
* as bisceop
* np biscepas
* ap bisceopas
   [Lat episcopus]
bisceop-seðl (-setl) n episcopal residence
* as biscop-
bisceop-stōl m episcopal seat, bishopric
* ds -stōle, biscepstōle
* as -stōl
bismer (bismor bysmer) n m mockery, derision, insult
* ds bismre
bismerian WII mock, deride
* ptc bismriende
bi-sorgian WII care for, fear
* 3 sg bisorgað
bī-spell (big-)
n parable, example, proverb
* ds bigspelle
* as -spell, big-
* ap bigspell
   [Ger Beispiel]
biter (bitter) adj bitter, severe, disastrous, fierce
* as biterne
* ap bitere
* supl as bitterestan
biternes
f bitterness, grief
* ds -nesse
bī-wist (big-) f
sustenance
* as bigwiste
   [wesan]
bi-wrēon (principal parts: pret sg:-wrāh,-wrēah
pret pl:-wrigon,-wrugon pp:wrigen,wrogen ) 1 cover, enwrap
* pret 3 sg biwrāh
blāc adj shining, bright
   [blīcan]
blācung f turning pale, pallor
* ds blacunge
blǣde (blēd) f blossom, fruit
* gs blēde
* np blēde
* dp blēdum
* ap blēda
   [blōwan]
blǣd m blast, breath, inspiration, prosperity, riches, glory, honor
* as blǣd
   [blāwan]
blǣd-dæg m prosperous day
* gp -daga
blanden-feax adj grizzly-haired
   [blondan]
blæst
m blaze, flame
blǣstan WI blow (?)
* pret 3 pl blǣston
Blēcinga-ēg f Blekingen
blēd see:blǣd
blēo-brygd n (?) combination of colors
   [bregdan; Mod blee]
blētsian WII bless
* 1 sg blētsige
   [blōd]
blētsung f blessing
* ds -unge
blīcan (principal parts: pret sg:blāc pret pl:blicon
pp:blicen ) 1 glitter, shine
* 3 sg blīceð
* opt 3 sg blīce
   [Mod blink; Ger bleichen]
blind adj blind
* ns blinda
* as blindan
* ap blynde
bliss f
bliss, joy
* gs blisse
* ds blisse, blysse
* as blisse
   [<blīðs]
blissian (blissigan) WII rejoice
* inf blissigan
* ptc blissigende
* ds blissigendum
* pret 3 sg blissode
blīðe adj blithe, glad, friendly
* ds blīðum
* as blīðe
* np blīðe
* comp ns blīðra
blīðe-mōd
adj blithe of mood, friendly
* np -mōde
blōd n
blood
* is blōde
blōdig adj bloody
* as blōdigne
blondan R blend, mix, mingle
* pp geblanden, geblonden
blōstma (blōstm) m blossom, bloom, fruit
* np blōstman
blōtan (principal parts: pret sg:blēot pret pl:blēoton pp:blōten ) R sacrifice
blōwan (principal parts: pret sg:blēow pret pl:blēowon pp:blōwen ) R bloom, flourish
* ptc blōwende
* pp geblōwen
bōc f book
* gs bēc
* ds bēc
* as bōc
* np bēc
* gp bōca
* dp bōcum
* ap bēc
bōcere m learned man, scholar, scribe
* ap bōceras
bōclīc adj relating to books
boda m messenger
   [Ger Bote]
bodian WII proclaim, announce, preach
* ptc bodiende
* 3 sg bodað
* pret 3 sg bodade
* pp bodad
bodung f preaching
* as -unge
bōg (bōh)
m (arm, shoulder) bough, branch
* ap bōgas
boga m
bow
* np bogan
bolster m n bolster, pillow
* ds bolstre
bord n (board) shield
* gs bordes
* as bord
* ap bord
bord-weall
m wall of shields, testudo, phalanx
bōsm m bosom
* ds bōsme
bōt f boot, advantage, reparation, remedy
* ds bōte
* as bōte
brād adj broad
* comp ns brādre, brǣdre
* supl ns brādost
brǣd f (?) young bird (?)
   [bregdan]
brǣdan WI extend, spread
   [brād]
brastlian WII crackle
* ptc dp brastligendum
   [Ger prasseln]
breahtm m noise, revelry, music
* ds breahtme
* gp breahtma
   [Ger Pracht]
brecan (principal parts: pret sg:bræc pret pl:brǣcon pp:brocen ) 4 break, destroy, break forth
* 3 sg briceð
* 3 pl brecað
bregd n (?) trick, fraud, deceit
* gp bregda
   [bregdan]
bregdan (principal parts: pret sg:brægd,brǣd pret pl:brugdon,brūdon
pp:brogden,bregden ) 3
* brandish, draw
** opt 2 pl bregde gē
** pret 3 sg brǣd
* braid, weave
** pp bregden, brogden
brego (breogo) m chief, leader, lord, king
* as brego
brember m bramble
* dp brembrum
brengan
[(cf bringan)] WI bring
* 3 sg brengð
* opt 3 sg brenge
brēost n breast
* ds brēoste
* ap brēost
brēost-cofa m breast-chamber, heart, mind
* ds -cofan
brēost-sefa m mind, heart
Bret-wālas m pl the Britons of Wales
brice (bryce) m fragment
* ap bricas
   [brecan]
bricg-weard (brycg) m bridge-guard
* ap -weardas
bridd m young bird
* ns brid
* gs briddes
brim n ocean
* ap brimu
brim-cald (-ceald) adj ocean-cold
brim-fugol m sea-bird
* ap -fuglas
brim-līþend m sea-farer, pirate
* gp -līþendra
brim-monn m sea-man, pirate
* np -men
* gp -mauna
bringan [(cf brengan)] WI bring
* 3 sg bringð
* 3 pl bringað
* opt 3 sg bringe
* pret 3 sg brōhte
* 3 pl brōhton
broc n injury, affliction, disease
* ds broce
* as broc
   [brecan]
brocian
WII oppress, injure, afflict
* 3 pl brociað
brōhte see:bringan
brond m brand, burning, fire
* gs brondes
brosnian WII crumble, waste away, wither, decay
* 3 pl brosniað
* pp gebrosnad
* pl -ode
   [cf Ger Brosam]
brosnung f decay
* ds -unge
brōðor (brōður) m brother
* gs brōðor
* ds brēðer
* np brōðor, brōðru
* ap brōðor
brūcan (principal parts: pret sg:brēac pret pl:brucon pp:brocen ) 2 brook, use, enjoy, possess (w gen)
* 3 sg brīcð
* 3 pl brūcað
brūn
adj brown
Brunan-burh f Brunanburh (Durham ?)
brūn-ecg adj
brown edged (of a sword)
bryeg (brieg) f bridge
* as briege
brȳd f bride
* as brȳde
bryhtm m glance, twinkling
   [cf breahtm]
bryne m burning, fire, flame
bryne-gield n burnt offering, sacrifice
* ds -gielde
* as -gield
Bryten f Britain
* as Brytene
brytta m distributor, dispenser
* gs bryttan
   [brēotan]
Bryttas (Brittas) pl m Britons
bryttigan (bryttian) WII divide, share
Bryttisc (Brittisc) adj British
* ds Bryttiscum
bū
see:bēgen
būan (būgan) irreg
* dwell (intr)
** 3 pl būgeað
** pret 3 sg būd
** ptc dp būgigendum inhabitants
* occupy, cultivate (trans)
** 3 pl būgað
** pp sg bȳne, bȳnum, gebūn, gebūd
bufon (bufan; < be-ufan) prep
* (w dat) above
* (w acc) on, upon
būgan (principal parts:
pret sg:bēag pret pl:bugon pp:bogen ) 2 bow, bend, turn
* 1 sg būge
bune f cup
Bunne f Bononia, now Boulogne (France)
* ds Bunnan
būr m bower, chamber
* as būr
   [būan]
burg (burh) f fort, borough, city
* ns burh
* gs byrig
* ds byrig
* as burg
* ap burga
Burgenda gp m Burgundians, Burgenda land, Bornholm
burg-lēode (burh-) pl m burghers, citizens
* dp burh-
burg-ware (burh-) pl m inhabitants of a 'burg', burghers, citizens
* gp -wara
* ap -ware
burna (burne, f) m bourn, stream, fountain
* ds burnan
būr-þēn (-þegn) m chamberlain
* ds -þēne
būte
conj but
būton (būtan) prep (w dat)
* except
* without
* outside
būton (būtan) conj
* (w opt) unless
* (w indic) except, except that, but only
būton
adv outside
Butting-tūn m Buttington
* ds -tūne
būtū se bēgen
bycgan (bicgan) WI buy
* imp 2 pl bicgað
bydel m beadle, proclaimer, herald, minister
* gp bydela
* ap bydelas
   [bēodan]
byden f
measure, bushel
* ds bydene
   [L L *butīna < Gr βυτινη]
byldan
WI encourage
* opt 3 sg bylde
* pret 3 sg bylde
   [beald]
bȳme f trumpet
* gs bȳman
* np bȳman
bȳne see:būan
byrde adj
of high birth, rank
* supl ns byrdesta
byre m favorable opportunity
byre m child, son, descendant
* np byre
   [beran]
byrgan WI taste, eat
* pret 3 pl byrgdon
byrgan WI bury
* ger byrigenne
byrgen
f grave, tomb
* ds byrgene
* as byrgenne, byrgene
* np byrgena
byrne f byrnie, corslet, coat of mail
* as byrnan
   [Ger Brünne]
byrn-sweord n flaming sword
byrn-wiga
m mailed warrior
byrðen f burden
* as byrðenne, byrðene
* gp byrðenna
bȳsen (bīsen) f example
* ds bȳsene, bȳsne
* as bȳsene
* dp bīsnum, bīsenum
* ap bīsne
   [Goth -būsns]
bysgian WII busy, occupy, disturb, oppress
* pp gebysgad
bysig adj busy
* np bysige
bysigo f business, concern, occupation
* dp bisgum
bȳsnian (bīsnian) WII set an example for, instruct by example
* inf bīsnian
* 3 sg bīsenað
* pret 3 pl bȳsnodon

## C

cāf adj
bold, brave
* as cāfne
   [ON ā-kafr]
cāflīce adv
boldly
camp m fight, battle
* ds campe
   [Ger Kampf]
camp-stede m battle-field
candel (condel) f candle
* ds condelle
candel-stæf m (candle-staff) candlestick
canon m sacred canon
* gs canones
   [Lat canon, Gr κανων]
Cantwara-burg f Canterbury
* ds -byrig
carc-ern (cearc-ern, cf cweart-ern)
n prison
* gs carcernes
* ds carcerne
* as carcern
   [Lat carcer + ærn]
car-full (cear-) adj careful
carian (cearian)
WII care, be concerned for
* 3 sg carað
carte f
chart, card (for writing upon)
* as cartan
   [Lat charta]
cāsere m
emperor
* gs cāseres
   [Lat Caesar]
ceald (cald) adj
cold
* as cald
* dp caldum
ceallian
WII call
cēap m cattle
* gs cēapes
   [cf Mod cheap]
cēap-stōw f market-place
cearu (cearo, caru) f
care
* ns cearo
* as ceare
ceaster
f fort, town, city
* ds ceastre
   [Lat castrum]
ceaster-ge-ware
m (pl tant) citizen
* np -waran
cellod adj
curved, hollow, embossed
   [Lat celatus]
cempa m warrior
* np cempan
* gp cempena
   [camp]
cēne adj keen, bold
* comp ns cēnre
cēnlīce adv boldly
cennan WI beget, bring forth
* pp cenned
Cent
f Kent
ceorl m (churl) freeman (of the common class), man
* ds ceorle
cēcsan (principal parts: pret sg:cēas pret pl:curon pp:coren ) 2 choose
* 3 pl cēosað
* opt 1 sg cēose
cēpan WI
avail oneself of, take to (w gen)
* pret 3 sg cēpte
cīdan WI
chide, reproach (w dat)
* 2 sg cīddesð (dial)
* pret 2 sg cīdde
cīgan (cīegan, cȳgan) WI cry out, call
* pret 3 sg cīgde, cȳgde
* 1 pl cīgdon
cild n child
* gs cildes
* ap cild
cild-hād m childhood
* ds -hāde
cirice (cyrice, cyrce) f church
* ns cyrce
* gs ciricean, cyrcan
cirlisc adj 'churlish', rustic
* np cirlisce
   [ceorl]
cirm see:cyrm
cirr (cierr, cyrr)
m turn, time, occasion
* ds cirre
   [Mod char]
Cisse-ceaster
f 'Cissa's fort', Chichester
* ds -ceastre
clām see:clēa
clǣne adj clean, pure
* gs clǣnan
* as clǣne
* ap clǣne
clǣne adv entirely
clǣnnes f cleanness, purity, chastity
* ds -nisse
clǣnsung f cleansing, chastening
clāþ n cloth
* ds clāþe
clēa (cleo) f claw
* dp clām
clēofan (principal parts: pret sg:clēaf pret pl:clufon pp:clofen ) 2 cleave, split (trans)
cleopian see:clipian
clēowen n (clew), ball, globular mass
* ds clēowne
   [Ger Knäuel]
clipian (clypian, cleopian) WII
* cry out, exclaim
** 3 sg clypað
** pret 3 sg clypode, cleopode
* cry unto, implore (w dat)
** ptc dp clypigendum
** pl cleopiað
** imp 2 sg clypa
** 2 pl clypiað
** pret 3 sg clipode
   [Mod obs clepe, yclept]
clūdig adj rocky
   [cf Mod cloud]
clypian see:clipian
clyppan WI embrace, accept
* opt 3 sg clyppe
   [Mod clip]
cnapa m boy, youth
* np cnapan
* gp cnapena
   [Ger Knabe]
cnearr m ship, galley
* ns cnear
   [ON knorr]
cnēo (cnēow) n knee
* ap cnēo, cnēow
cnēo-mǣg m kinsman
* dp -māgnum
cnēoriss f generation, family, tribe, people
* as -isse
cniht m boy, youth, young warrior, knight, attendant, disciple
* gs cnihtes
* as cniht
* np cnihtas, cnyhtas
cnyssan WI beat (trans)
* 3 sg cnyseð
* 3 pl cnyssað
   [cf Ger Knorre]
cōlian WII cool
* 3 sg cōlaþ
collen-ferð (-ferhð)
adj proud-minded, fierce
   [*cwellan]
Coln f the river Colne (Essex)
* ds Colne
corn n corn, grain
* gs cornes
* as corn
corðor n troop, flock, company
* gp corðra
costian (costigan, costnian) WII tempt try, prove
* inf costigan (w gen)
* ger costianne, costienne
* pret 1 sg constnode (w gen)
   [Ger kosten]
costnian see:costian
costnung f temptation
coþu f disease
cræft m strength, might, virtue, craft, skill, art, pursuit, knowledge
* ds cræfte
* as cræft
* gp cræfta
* ap cræftas
cræftiga (cræftega) m craftsman, workman, artificer
* ns crætega
cræt n cart, chariot
* ds cræte
Crēcas (Crēacas) m pl the Greeks
* np Crēacas
* gp Crēca
crēodon (crūdan) (principal parts: pret sg:crēad pret pl:crudon pp:croden ) 2 crowd, press, hasten
* pret 3 sg crēad
cringan (principal parts: pret sg:-crong,-cronc pret pl:-crungon,-cruncon
pp:-crungen ) 3 cringe, yield, fall, die
Crīst m Christ
* ns Crīsð (dial)
* gs Crīstes
* ds Crīste
crīsten
adj Christian
* np crīstene, crīstena, crīstnan
* gp crīstenra
crīsten-dōm m christianity
* ds -dōmeymest
* as -dōm
cucu see:cwic
cumbol-gehnāst (gehnād) n conflict of banners
* gs -gehnāstes
cum-pæder m godfather in his relation to the father
   [Lat compater]
cuman (principal parts: pret sg:c(w)ōm pret pl:c(w)ōmon pp:cumen ) 4 come
* ger cummanne
* sg cymst, cymest
* 3 sg cymð, cymeð
* 3 pl cumað
* opt 3 sg cume, cyme
* imp 2 sg cum
* pret 2 sg cōme
* 3 sg cwōm, cuōm, cōm
* pl cōmon
* pret opt3 sg cōme
* pp cumen
cunnen PP can, be able, know, understand (trans and intr)
* 1 sg con
* 2 sg canst
* 3 sg can
* 1 pl cunnon, cunnun
* 3 pl cunnon
* opt 3 sg cunne
* 3 pl cunnen, cunnan, cunnon
* pret 1 sg cūðe
* 2 sg cūðest
* 3 sg cūðe
* pret opt 2 sg cȳðe
* 1 pl cūðon
* 3 pl cūðen
cunnian WII prove try, examine, experience (w acc or gen)
* 3 sg cunnað
* pret 3 sg cunnode
   [cunnan]
cūð adj known, familiar, manifest
* as cūðe
* gp cūðra
   [pp < cunnan; Ger kund]
cūðlic adj known, certain
* comp as cūðlicre
cūðlice adv openly, clearly, certainly
cwacian WII
quake
* ptc as cwacigendan
cwalu f killing, murder, death
* ds cwale
   [cwelan]
Cwāt-bryeg f Bridgenorth (Salop)
* ds -brycge
cwealm m n death, destruction, pestilence
* ds cwealme
* as cwealm
   [Mod qualm]
cwealm-bǣre
adj deadly
* as -bǣran
cweart-ern [(cf carc-ern)] n
prison
* ds cwarterne
cwelan (principal parts: pret sg:cwæl pret pl:cwǣlon
pp:cwolen ) 4 die
cwellan WI kill
   [cwelan; Mod quell]
cwellere m executioner
* np cwelleras
cwēman
WI please (w dat)
* ger cwēmanne
   [cuman]
cwēn f queen
Cwēnas m pl a tribe of the Fins
* gp Cwēna
cweorn f quern, mill
* as cweorne
   [Goth qairnus]
cweðan (principal parts: pret sg:cwæð pret pl:cwǣdon pp:cweden ) 5
say, speak
* sg cweðe
* 2 sg cwyst
* 3 sg cwið
* 3 pl cwæðað (for cweðað)
* imp 2 sg cweð
* pret 2 sg cwǣde
* pret opt 3 sg cwǣde
* 3 pl cwǣden
* gecueden named
   [Mod quoth]
cwic (cwicu, cucu) adj 'quick', alive
* ns cucu
* as cwicne, cwycne
* gp cwicra
cwic-sūsl (cwyc-) n hell-torment
* gs cwycsūsles
* ds -sūsle
cwide (cwyde) m
saying, utterance
* ds cwyde
* as cuide
   [cweðan]
cwide-giedd n word, utterance
* gp -giedda
cwild (cwyld)
m f n destruction, pestilence, murrain
* ds cwilde
   [cwelan]
cwīþan
WI bewail (trans)
cwyc-sūsl see:cwic-sūsl
cȳf
f vessel
* as cȳfe
   [Ger Kübel]
cyle (ciele)
m chill, cold
cyle-gicel m icicle
cyme m
coming
* gs cymes
* ds cyme
* as cyme
   [cuman]
cyne-dōm m government, kingdom
cyne-gold n
regal gold, diadem, crown
cyne-hlāford m royal lord
cynelīc adj royal
* ap -līce
cyne-rīce n kingdom
* gs kynerīces
* is -rīce
cyne-þrymm m
kingly majesty
* as -þrym
cyng (cing) m king
* gs cynges, cinges
* ds cynge
cyning m
king
* gs cyninges
* ds cyninge
* as cyning
* np cyningas, cynegas
* gp cyninga
cynn
n kin, race, family, kind
* gs cynnes
* ds cynne
* as cynn
* gp cinna
cȳpe-cniht m boy for sale as a slave
* ap -cnihtas
cȳp(e)-monn m chapman, merchant
* np -men
cyrice, cyrce see:cirice
cyrm (cierm, cirm) m
cry, alarm
cyrran (cierran, cirran) WI turn, go, return
* 3 pl cyrrað
* pret 3 sg cyrde
* 3 pl cirdon
   [Ger kehren]
cyrtel m
kirtle, coat, tunic
* as kyrtel
* ap cyrtlas
cyssan
WI kiss
* ptc cyssende
* opt 3 sg cysse
cystig adj virtuous, charitable
* ds cystigum
cȳðan
WI make known
* 3 pl cȳðað
* pret 3 sg cȳðde, cȳdde
* 3 pl cȳðdon
   [cūð]
cȳððu (cȳðð) f kith, kinship, home, country
* ds cȳððe
* as cȳððe, cȳððu

## D

dǣd f
deed, action
* gp dǣda
* ap dǣda
dǣd-bētan
WI make amends, repent
* ptc np dǣdbētende
dǣd-bōt f
repentance
dæg m day
* ds dæge
* as dæg
* is dæge
* gp daga
* dp dagum, dagan
* ap dagas
* gs dæges and nihtes (adv) by day and night
* ds tō dæge (adv) to-day
* as longe on dæg (adv) far on, late in the day
dæg-hwōmlīc (-hwāmlic) adj daily
* ds -līcum
dæg-hwōmlīce (-hwāmlīce)
adv daily
dæg-rēd n dawn
dægðerlīc adj
daily, present
* ds oð ðisum dægðerlīcum dæge to this present day
dæg-weorc n work of the day
* gs -weorces
dæl n dale
* np dalu
   [Ger Thal]
dǣl m division, portion, part
* ds dæle
* as dǣl
* gp dǣla
* be ǣnigum dǣle to any extent
* be þǣm dǣle to that extent
dǣlan WI deal out, divide, separate, distribute
* 3 sg dǣlð, dǣleð
* opt 1 pl dǣlon
* pret 3 pl dǣldon
* pp gedǣled
* pl gedǣlde
dǣl-neomende (dial) (ptc) m partaker
daroð (darað) m dart, spear
* gp daroða lāf the leaving of spears, those surviving a battle
dēad adj dead
* ns dēada
* as dēadne
* np dēade, dēadan
dēad-bǣre adj deadly
* ds -bǣrum
deall adj proud
* ns deal
dearr see:durran
dēað m
death
* gs dēaðes
* ds dēaðe
* is dēaðe
* as dēað
* ap dēaðas
dēað-denu f
mortal vale
dēað-ræced (-reced) n house of death, grave
Defenas (Defnas) m pl the people of Devonshire, Devonshire
Defena-scīr (Defna-) f Devonshire
* ds scīre
delfan (principal parts: pret sg:dealf pret pl:dulfon pp:dolfen ) 3 delve, dig
dēma
m judge
* gs dēman
dēman WI
deem, judge, determine
* 3 sg dēmð
* pp gedēmed
demm
m judgment
Dene m pl Danes
* gp Dena
* dp Denon
* ap Dene
Dene-mearc (Dena-; -mearce) f
Denmark
* ns Denamearc
* ds Denemearce, Denemearcan
Denisc
adj Danish
* np Deniscan
* gp Deniscra
* as on Densic in the Danish fashion
dennian WII become slippery (?)
* pret 3 sg dennode
denu (dene) f valley
dēoflīc adj
devilish
* ap -līcan
dēofol m n devil
* gs dēofles
* ds dēofle
* np dēofla
* ap dēoflu, dēoflo
dēofol-gyld n idol
* gp -gilda
dēofol-gylda m idolater
* np -gyldan
dēofol-sēoc adj possessed of a devil
* ap -sēocan
dēofol-sēocnis f possession by a devil
* ap -nyssa
dēop
n the deep, the sea
* gs dēopes (dȳpan f)
dēop adj
deep
dēope adv deeply, profoundly
dēoplīce adv deeply, profoundly
dēopnis f depth, abyss
* ds -nysse
dēor (dīor) n wild beast or animal (of any sort)
* as dēor
* np dīor
* gp dēora
* ap dēor
deorc adj
dark, gloomy, sad
* ns deorca, deorce
* as deorce
dēorling
see:dȳrling
dēor-mōd adj bold of mind, brave
Deorwente f
the Derwent
* ds -wentan
dēor-wurð (-wirð, -weorð) adj worthy of estimation, precious, honored
* ds -wurðan
* ap -wurðe, -wirðe, -wurðan
Dēre
m pl the Deirians, inhabitants of Deira
derian WI injure (w dat)
* 3 sg dereð, derað
   [daru]
dīacon-hād (dēacon-) m office of a deacon, deaconship
* ds -hāde
dīegol (dīgol) adj secret
* ns dīegla, dīgle
* gs dīeglan
* comp np dīgelran
dimm (dymm) adj
dim, dark, gloomy
* dp dymmum
dimnis (dymnis) f dimness, gloom
* ds dymnysse
Dinges (mere) proper name a proper name, or the sea of dashing and noise
dīor see:dēor
disc m dish
* ds disce
* as disc
discipul m disciple
* np discipulī (Lat), discipulōs (for -ī)
* gp discipula
* ap discipulī
dōgor n day
* gp dōgra
dōgor-rīm
n numbering of the days, time
* gs -rīmes
dohtor f
daughter
dōm m
* doom, judgment, decree, decision, choice
** gs dōmes
** ds dōme
** as dōm (stipulation)
** is dōme
* renown, glory
dōm-ern n judgment-hall
* ds -erne
dōm-georn adj eager for renown
* np -georne
dōmlīc adj famous, glorious
dōn irreg do, act, cause, put, place
* ger dōnne
* ptc dōnde
* 2 sg dēst
* 3 sg dēð
* 2 pl dōð
* 3 pl dōð
* imp 2 sg dō
* opt 2 sg dō
* 1 pl dōn
* pret 2 sg dydest
* 3 sg dyde
* 3 pl dydon
* pret opt 3 sg dyde
Dorce-ceaster (Dorcan-) f Dorchester
* ds -ceastre
* as Dorcanceaster
draca m dragon
drēam m
joy, mirth
* is drēame
* gp drēama (harmony)
   [Mod dream]
dreccan WI vex, trouble, afflict
* pret 3 pl drehton
drenc
m drink
* gs drences
* ds drence
dreng m warrior
* gp drenga
   [ON drengr]
drēogan (principal parts: pret sg:drēag pret pl:drugon pp:drogen ) 2 endure, perform, fulfil
* 3 sg drēogeð
drēor m blood
* is drēore
   [drēosan]
drēorig adj dreary, sad
* ns drēorige
* as drēorigne (hyge)
* np drēorige
   [drēosan]
drēorig-hlēor adj with sad face
drēorignis f sadness
* gs -nysse
drēosan (principal parts: pret sg:drēas pret pl:druron pp:droren ) 2
fall, perish
* 3 sg drēoseð
* 3 pl drēosað
   [cf Mod dross]
drihten see:dryhten
drinca m drink
* as drincan
drincan (principal parts: pret sg:dronc pret pl:druncon pp:druncen ) 3
drink
* 3 pl drincað
* pret opt 3 sg drunce
* 2 pl druncen
drohtað m sojourn, life
drohtian see:drohtnian
drohtnian (drohtian) WII lead one's life, live
* ger drohtnigenne
* 3 sg drohtað
* pret 3 sg drohtnode
   [drēogan]
drohtnung (drohtung) f conduct, condition, life
* gs drohtunge
* ds -nunge
drohtung
see:drohtnung
drūsan (drūsian W II) WI droop, drowse, become feeble
* ptc drūsende
   [drēosan]
drȳ m wizard, sorcerer
   [Celt drūi]
drȳge (drīge)
adj dry
* ap drȳge
* ds on drȳgum on dry ground
dryht f body of retainers, host, people
   [drēogan]
dryhten (drihten) m
lord, prince, ruler, king
* gs drihtnes
* ds drihtne, drihtene
drȳman
WI rejoice
* ptc gp drȳmendra
   [drēam]
dryre
m fall, deposit
   [drēosan]
dugan PP avail
* 3 sg dēah
* opt 3 sg dyge
   [Ger taugen]
duguð (dugoð) f
* body of retainers, host
** ds duguþe
** gp duguða
** duguða wyn the flower, the chief of retainers
* benefit, honor, riches
** ds duguþe
** gp dugeða
   [dugan; Ger Tugend]
dūn f down, hill, mountain
* as dūne
   [Celt dūnum]
dūn-scræf n hill-cave
* np -scrafu
durran PP dare
* 1 sg dearr
* 3 sg dearr
* 1 pl durron
* opt 1 sg durre
* pret 3 pl dorston
* pret opt 3 pl dorsten
duru
f door
* ds dura, duru, dyru
* as duru
* np dura
dūst n dust
* ds dūste
* as dūst
dūst-scēawung f contemplation of the dust
* ds -scēawunga
dwǣscan WI extinguish, blot out
* 3 sg dwǣsceð
   [dwǣs: dysig]
dwelian (dwellan) WI lead into folly, deceive; be led astray, err
* ptc dweligende
   [cf Mod dull]
Dyflin (Dyflen, Difelin) Dublin
dym-hof n
place of concealment
* dp -hofon
dȳre (dīere, dēore) adj dear, costly
* np dȳre
dȳrling (dēorling) m darling, favorite
* ap dēorlingas
dyrstignes f boldness, audacity, arrogance
* ds -nysse
* as -nesse
dysig adj foolish
* supl ns dysgosta
   [Mod dizzy]
dysig n folly
* ds dysige
dysignes f folly
* ds -nesse
dyslīc (dysiglīc) adj foolish

## E

ē
see:ēa
ēa f river
* gs ē, ēas
* ds ēa, ēæ
* as ēa
* np ēa
   [Ger Au]
ēac (ēc) conj adv also, moreover, likewise, even
* ge ... ge ēac both ... and also
* nē ... nē ēac neither ... nor even
* ond ēac swā and also
* ēac swilce (swylce, swelce) also, likewise
* ēac gelīce (-lȳce) likewise
   [Ger auch]
ēac prep in addition to, together with, besides (w dat)
ēaca
m addition, increase
* ds ēacan
* ns reinforcements
* tō ēacan in addition to (w dat)
ēad n possession, riches, happiness, bliss
* gs ēades
* as ēad
   [cf Mod allodium]
ēadig
adj rich, blessed, happy
* ns ēadga, ēadiga
* gs ēadigan
   [Goth audags]
ēadignes f happiness, bliss
* gs -nesse
ēad-mōd see:ēað-mōd
ēad-wela m generous supply, riches
eafora (eafera)
m son, heir
* ds eaforan
   [cf Goth afar, prep 'after']
ēage
n eye
* gs eagan
ēag-gebyrd f
eyeball (?), pupil of the eye (?)
eahta num eight
ēa-lā interj oh! alas!
eald (ald) adj old
* ns alda
* ap ealde, ealdan
* ealda fæder grandfather (ancestor?)
* ealde tried, honored
* supl as ieldesðe (dial) most honored
Ealdan-mynster n Old-Minster
* ds -mynstre
eald-cȳððu (-cȳðð) f old, former home
* as -cȳððe, -cȳððu
eald-fæder m forefather
* ap -fæderas
eald-fēond m old foe, arch fiend, devil
* gs -fēondes
* gp -fēonda
ealdian WII become old
* pp geealdad
ealdor (aldor) m prince, chief, lord
* gs ealdres
* ds ealdre
ealdor-bisceop m chief bishop
ealdor-dōm m
lordship, sovereignty
ealdor-lang adj life-long, lasting
* as -langne
ealdor-monn m alderman, chief, ruler, magistrate, chief officer of the shire
* ns -mon, -mann
* gs -monnes
* np -men
ealgian WII defend
* pret 3 pl ealgodon
eall (all) adj all
* as alne, ealle
* is ealle
* np ealle, alle, ealla
* gp ealra, eallra
* dp eallum
* as ealle, ealla, eall, eal
* gs ealles (adv) altogether, quite, entirely
* ealles, ealra swīþost (adv) most of all, especially
* ealles for swīðe (adv) altogether, utterly
* ds (or dp) mid (myd) eallum (adv) altogether, entirely
* is mid ealle (adv) withal (= and everything)
* as ealne weg (adv) all the way, always
* ealneg (= ealne weg) (adv) all the way
* ealne dæg (adv) all the day
* eall swā (adv) just as
eallinga see:eallunga
eallunga (eallinga) adv altogether, entirely
Eall wealdend m Ruler of all
ealu (ealu) n ale
* gs ealað
ēa-lond n island
* ds -londe
ēam m uncle
   [Ger Oheim]
ēar n
ear (of corn)
* ds ēare
* as ēar
earc
f ark
* gs earce
* as earce
eard m dwelling, home, country
* gs eardes
* ds earde
* as eard
   [eorðe]
eard-geard m dwelling-place, earth
eardian WII dwell
* 3 pl eardiað
* pret 3 pl eardodon
earding (eardung) f habitation
* ap eardinga
eard-stapa m land-stepper, wanderer
eard-stede m
dwelling-place
eard-wīc n dwelling
earfoð (earfeð) n difficulty, toil, hardship, torture, torment
* gp earfoða
* ap earfoðu
   [Ger Arbeit]
earfoðe adj difficult
* gs earfoðes
earfoðlīc
adj difficult, full of hardship
earfoðnes f hardship, torture
* ap -nessa
ēar-gebland n wave-mingling, ocean
earh (earg) adj cowardly
   [Ger arg]
earm m arm
earm adj
poor, pitiable, wretched, despicable
* as earmne
* np earme
* comp ns earmra
   [Ger arm]
earm-cearig adj wretched, full of care
earming m
poor wretch
* np earmingas
earmlīc adj miserable, wretched
* gs -līces
* ds -līcum
earn m
eagle
* gs earnes
* ds earne
* as earn æftan hwīt [(cf Gr πυγαργος)]
   [Ger Aar]
earnian WII earn (w gen)
* 3 sg earnað
* 3 pl earniað
eart see:bēon
ēast adv east, in an easterly direction
ēastan (ēstan) adv from the east
* wið ēastan to the east
* be ēastan to the east of (w dat)
ēa-stæð
n river-bank
* ds -stæðe
ēast-dǣl m
eastern quarter, the east
* ds -dǣle
ēast-ende m east-end
ēast-engle m pl East-Angles, East-Anglia
* gp -engla
ēaster-dæg (ēastor-) m Easter Day
* ds -dæge
* is Eastordæge
ēast-healf f east side
* ds -healfe
ēast-lang adj extending east
ēast-rīce n eastern kingdom
ēastro (ēastru, ēastre, ēastron) pl tant f n Easter
* ap ēastron
ēast-ryhte
adv eastward
ēast-seaxe (-seaxan) m pl East-Saxons
* gp -seaxna
* ap -seaxe
ēast(e)-weard (-werd) adj eastward, easterly
* gs weardes (adv)
* ds -weardre
* as -weard
ēast-weg
m east-way, path in the east
ēaðe adv easily
* comp (īeð) ēað
* supl ȳðast
ēað-mōd (ēad-) adj humble-minded, humble
* ns ēadmōd
* is -mōde
* ap -mōdan
ēað-mōdlīce (ēad-) adv humbly
ēað-mōdnes (ēad-) f humility, meekness, condescension
* gs -nesse
* gp -nessa
ēaw-fæst (ǣw-, ǣ-) religious, pious
* ns -fæsta
* ds -fæstre
eax f
axis, axle tree
* ds eaxe
* as eaxe
ebba
m ebb
* ds ebban
Ebrēas m pl
Hebrews
* gp Ebrēa
Ebrēisc adj Hebrew
ēce (ēca, ēcea) adj eternal, everlasting
* ds ēcan
* gp ēcra
eced m n vinegar
* ds ecede
   [Lat acētum; Ger Essig]
ēcelīce adv eternally
ecg f
edge, sword
* ds ecge
ēcnes f eternity
* as -nysse
* as -nesse
ed-geong (-giong) adj
becoming (or being) young again
ed-lēan n reward
* gs -lēanes
* ds -lēane
* as -lēan
ed-nīwe (-nēowe) adj renewed, restored
ed-nīwinga adv anew
edor (eodor) m enclosure, dwelling
* np ederas
ed-wenden f overturning, change
efen-ēhð (-nēhð)
f neighboring plain
* ds -ēhðe
   [nēah]
efen-hlēoðor
n equal, united harmony
* is -hlēoðre
efes f
eaves, border, side (of a forest)
* ds efes (for efese ?)
efne [(cf emne)] adv even, only, just
efn-ēce adv co-eternally
efstan WI hasten (intr)
* ptc efstende
* imp 2 pl efstað
* pret 3 sg efste
* 3 pl -on
   [*of-ēst]
eft adv again, back, afterwards
* eft ongēan see:(see ongēan)
ege m fear, terror
   [Goth agis]
egesa m terror, fear
* ds egesan
egeslīc adj terrible, horrible
egeslīce adv horribly
ēhtan
WI pursue, persecute (w gen)
* 3 sg ēht
   [ōht]
ēhtere m persecutor
ēhtnis f persecution
* ns -nys
* as -nysse
elcor (ælcor) adv
otherwise
eldan (ieldan, yldan) delay, hesitate
* pret 3 sg elde
   [eald]
ele m oil
   [Lat oleum]
el-fremed (æl-) (pp) adj separated, released, extraneous
* ns ælfremed
* ap ælfremede
ellen
n strength, courage, fortitude, zeal
* ds mid elne boldly
* on elne boldly
* as on ellen boldly
   [Goth aljan]
ellen-wōdnis f zeal, fervor
* gs -nisse
elles adv else
* hwæt ... elles what else
* nān ðing elles nothing else
eln f ell (measure)
* gp elna
el-þēodig (æl-) adj of another nation, foreign, strange
* as ǣlþēodigne
el-þēodisc (æl-) adj foreign, strange
* ns ælþēodisc
embe see:ymbe
emb-gangan R compass (trans)
* opt 3 sg -gange
emne (emn, cf efne) adv equally
emn-lang (efn-lang) adj equally long
* on emnlange prep (w dat) along
ende m end
ende-byrdlīce adv in an orderly manner
ende-byrdnes f order
* ds -nesse, -nisse
endemes (endemest)
adv equally, in like manner
endian WII end, bring to an end
* opt 3 sg endige
endlyfta num eleventh
* is -lyftan
enge adj narrow, oppressive, cruel
* ns enga
engel m angel
* ds engle
* as engel
* np englas
* gp engla
   [Lat angelus]
Engla-feld
m Englefield (Berkshire)
* ds -felda
Engla-land n
country of the Angles, England
* ds -lande
Englisc adj English
* gs Engliscre
* as Englisc
* gp Engliscra
Englisc-ge-reord n English language
* ds -reorde
eno see:ono
ent m giant
* gp enta
ēode, ēodon see:gān
eodorcan [(cf ed-rocian, ed-recan, roccettan)] ruminate
* ptc eodorcende
   [Ger räuspern]
Eofer-wīc (Efer-) n York
* as Eferwīc
   [cf Ger Eber]
Eofer-wīc-ceaster f York
* ds -ceastre
eoh m n horse
   [Goth aihwa]
eom see:bēon
eorcnan-stān (eorclan-) m precious stone
   [Goth -airkns]
ēored (ēorod) n company, troop, host
* ap ēoredu
   [*eoh-rād]
ēored-ciest (-cyst) f company, troop, host
* dp -cystum
eorl m
* earl (a Danish title corresponding to the native ealdorman)
** np eorlas
** gp eorla
* Applied to an ealdorman
** ds eorle
* warrior
eornoste adv earnestly, fiercely
eornostlīce
adv earnestly, indeed
eorð-būend m earth-dweller
* np eorðbūgigende
eorðe f earth
* gs eorðan
eorðlīc adj earthly, worldly
* ns -līca
* gs -līcan
* as -līce
eorð-scræf n earth-cave, grave
* ds -scræfe, -scrafe
eorð-weg m earth-way
* ds on eorðwege on earth
ēow (ēower, ēowic) see:ðū
ēower (īower) poss pron
your
* gs ēoweres
* ds ēowrum
* as ēowerne, ēower
* np ēowre
* dp īowrum, ēowrum, ēowerum
* ap ēowre
ēow-land n Öland (island in the Baltic Sea)
erce-bisceop m archbishop
* ds -bisceope
erce-hād m archiepiscopal dignitary
erian
WI ear, plough
* pret 3 sg erede
ermð see:yrmð
esne m servant, man
* ds esne
   [Goth asneis]
esal (eosol) m ass
* ap esolas
   [Goth asilus]
ēst f favor, grace
   [Ger Gunst]
ēst-full adj
devout
* ds -fullum
Est-land n country of the Estas (on the eastern coast of the Baltic sea)
Est-mere m Frische Haff
Estum dp m the people of Est-land
esul-cweorn f millstone
etan (principal parts: pret sg:ǣt pret pl:ǣton pp:eten )
5 eat
* imp 2 pl etað
* opt 3 sg ete
ettan WI graze
ēðel m landed property, home, native country, territory
* ds ēðele
* as ēðel
* is ēðle
   [cf Mod allodial]
ēðel-lond n native land
ēðel-turf f native turf, country
* ds -tyrf
Exan-ceaster (-cester) f Exeter
* gs -ceastres, cestres
* as -ceaster, -cester
exl (eaxl) f shoulder
* as exle
   [cf Mod axle]

## F

fæc n
division, space, interval, portion of time
* ds fæce
* as fæc
   [Ger Fach]
fācen (fācn) n deceit, treachery, wickedness
* gs fācnes
* is fācne
* ap fācn
fǣcne adj guileful
fæder m father
* gs fæder
* np fæderas
fæderlīc adj fatherly, paternal
* ns -līce
fāg (fāh) adj colored, variegated
   [Goth -faihs]
fǣge adj fated, doomed to death
* np fǣge
* ap fǣgean
   [Ger feige]
fægen
adj fain, glad, rejoicing (w gen)
fæger adj fair, beautiful, pleasant
* gs fægeres
* is fægre
* np fægra
* comp ap fægerran
* supl dp fægrestum
fægere (fægre) adv beautifully, well
fægernes f fairness, beauty
* gs -nesse
* as -nesse
* ap -nissa
fægnian WII rejoice (w gen)
* ptc fægnigende
* pret 3 sg fægnode
fāh (fāg) adj
hostile
   [gefā 'foe']
fǣhð f feud
* as fǣhðe
   [Ger Fehde]
Falster prop noun Falster (island in the Baltic Sea)
fandian WII
try, tempt, test, examine, seek to know
* imp 2 pl fandiað (w gen)
   [findan]
fandung
f temptation, test, usage
* ds -unge
fær n
journey, expedition
* ds fære
faran (principal parts: pret sg:fōr pret pl:fōron
pp:faren ) 6 go, proceed, travel, march
* 2 sg færest
* 3 sg færð
* 3 pl farað
* imp 2 pl farað
* opt 3 sg fare
* 2 pl faren
* pp gefaren
færelt (færeld) m n going, motion, journey
* gs færeltes, færeldes
* ds farelte
fǣringa adv
suddenly
   [fǣr 'fear']
fǣrlīc adj sudden
* ns fǣrlīca
* ds -līcum
fǣrlīce adv suddenly
fær-sceat m passage-money, fare
   [cf Mod scot-free]
fǣr-sceaða m sudden or dangerous enemy
* ds -sceaðan
faru f journey
* ds fare
fæst adj fast, firm, secure
* as fæstne
* np fæste
fæste adv fast, firmly, securely
fæsten n
* fort, fortress, fastness
** ds fæstenne
** as fæsten
* fast (abstinence from food)
** ds fæstene
fæst-hafol adj retentive
* ds -hafelum
fæstlīce adv firmly, securely, resolutely, bravely
* comp fæstlīcor
fæstnian WII fasten, confirm
fæstnung f security, safety
fæt
n vessel
* ap fatu
   [Mod vat]
fǣtels
m n vessel
* ap fǣtels
fæðm m f
embrace, grasp
fæðm-rīm n (fathom-number) fathom measure
* gs -rīmes
feallan (principal parts: pret sg:fēoll pret pl:fēollon pp:feallen ) R fall
* ptc feallende
* as feallendne
* 3 sg fylð (of the course of water), fealleð
* 3 pl feallað
feallenlīc (feallendlīc) adj unstable
fealo-hilte adj fallow-hilted
fealu (fealo) adj fallow, pale, yellow, dusky, dark
* ns fealo
* as fealone
* np fealwe
Fearn-hamm m Farnham (Surrey)
* ds -hamme
fēawe (fēa; fēawa, due to assoc w fela) adj pl tant few
* dat fēawum, fēaum
* acc fēawa
feccan (fecgan fetian) WIII fetch
* ptc feccende
* imp 2 pl feccað
* pret 3 sg fette
fela (feola feala fæla) n [(sometimes as adj; rarely inflected)] much, many (w gen)
   [Ger viel]
feld m
field, battle-field
* as feld
felg (felge) f felly
* ds felge
* np felga, felgea, felgan
   [fēolan]
fell
n fell, skin, hide
* as fel
* ap fell
feng m grasp
   [fōn]
feoh (fioh, fēo) n
* cattle
* goods, property, money, riches
** gs fēos
** ds fēo
** as feoh, fioh
   [Mod fee]
feoh-gīfre
adj greedy of possessions, avaricious
feoh-lēas adj without money
* np -lēase
feohtan (principal parts: pret sg:feaht pret pl:fuhton pp:fohten ) 3 fight
* ptc feohtende
* 2 sg fihtest
feohte f
fight, battle
fēolan (principal parts: pret sg:fealh pret pl:fulgon,fǣlon pp:folen ) 3 reach, penetrate
   [Goth filhan]
fēol-heard adj hard as a file
* ap -hearde
fēond m fiend, enemy
* as fēond
* gp fēonda
* dp fēondum
* ap fȳnd
feorh (fiorh) m n
life
* gs fēores
* ds fēore, fīore
* as feorh
feorh-geong adj young in life, youthful
feorh-hord n life-hoard, spirit
feorh-hūs n life-house, body
feorm (fiorm) f
* food, provision, goods
* use, benefit
** as fiorme
   [Mod farm]
feormian WII consume
* 3 sg feormað
feorr (far, feor) adv supl firrest fyrrest
* feor far back (time)
feorr
adj far, far from (w dat)
* feor þām far from that (metaph)
feorran (fiorran)
adv from afar
fēorða num adj fourth
* ds fēorðan
* as fēorðan
* gs bynnan fēorðan healfes dæges fæce within three and a half days
fēower
num four
fēower-tig num forty
* gen -tiges
fēower-tȳne (-tīene) num fourteen
* dat -tȳnum
fēran WI go, travel
* pret 3 sg fērde
* 3 pl fērdon
ferhð (ferð) m n mind, spirit, heart
* ns ferð
* ds ferhðe, ferðe
* as ferð
ferian WI; W II
carry, transport
* ptc ferigende
* pret 3 sg ferode, ferede
* 3 pl feredon
* pp geferod
fers n m verse
* ds ferse
* ap fers
   [Lat versus]
fersc adj
fresh
* np fersce
ferð-loca (ferhð-) m (inclosure of the spirit), spirit, heart, mind
* as -locan
fetor (feotor) f fetter
* dp feterum
fēða m band of foot-soldiers, troop
* ap fēðan
   [findan]
feðer f feather
* np feðre
* gp feðra
* dp feðerum
* feðrum (wing?)
feðer-homa m feather-garb, plumage
fīc-trēow n
fig-tree
   [Lat fīcus]
fierd (fird, fyrd) f
* (military) expedition
** ds fyrde
* (the national) army
** ds fierde
** as fierd
   [faran]
fierdian (fyrdian) WII be on a military expedition
* pret 3 pl fierdedon
fierd-lēas adj unprotected by the army
fīf num
five
* nom fīfe
* dat fīfum
fīfta
num adj fifth
fīftig num fifty
* gen fīftiges
* dat fīftegum
fīf-tȳne (-tēne) num fifteen
findan (principal parts: pret sg:fond pret pl:fundon pp:funden ) 3 find, come upon, supply
* 3 sg findeð
Finnas pl m the Finns
finta m
tail
fīras pl m men
* gp fīra, fȳra
* dp fīrum
firgen-strēam m mountain-stream, woodland-stream
   [Goth fairguni]
fiscað
see:fiscnað
fiscere m fisher
* np fisceras
fiscnað (fiscnoð fiscað) m fishing
* ds fiscaðe
fiðeru pl n wings
* np fiðru
* gp fiðra
* ap fiðru
flā (flān) f m arrow
* gs flānes
* as (or ap) flān
flǣsc n flesh
* gs flǣsces
* ds flǣsce
* as flǣsc
* is flǣsce
flǣsc-homa m (covering of flesh) body
flǣsclīc adj
fleshly, corporeal, carnal
* ds -līcre
flēam m flight
* gs flēames
* ds flēame
* as flēam
flēogan (principal parts: pret sg:flēag pret pl:flugon pp:flogen ) 2 fly (intr)
* 3 sg flēogeð
   [cf flēon]
flēon (flīon, flēogan) (principal parts: pret sg:flēah pret pl:flugon
pp:flogen ) 2 flee, escape (trans and intr)
* ger flīonne
* ptc ds flēondum
* 3 sg flȳhþ
* 3 pl flēoð
* imp 2 pl flēoð
flēotan (principal parts: pret sg:flēat pret pl:fluton pp:floten ) 2 float
* ptc gp flēotendra
flett n floor of the hall
* as flet
flocc m flock, company, troop
floc-rād f
a riding company, troop
flōd m f n flood, wave, tide, stream
* as flōd
flōdan see:Pryfet
flōd-wylm (wielm) m f welling flood
   [weallan]
flot n deep water, sea
* as on flot ?afloat?
   [Mod afloat]
flota m sailor, seaman, pirate
* as flotan
* np flotan
* gp flotena
flōwan (principal parts: pret sg:flēow pret pl:flēowon
pp:flōwen ) R flow
* ptc flōwende
* as flōwendan
* 3 sg flōwð
flyht m flight, escape
* ds flyhte
* as flyht
flyht-hwæt adj bold or swift of flight
* gs -hwates
* ap -hwate
flȳma m
fugitive
* gp flȳmena
   [flēam]
fnǣst m
blowing, breath
fōddor (fōdor) n food
fōdor-þegu f partaking of food, repast
* gs -þege
   [þiegan]
folc n folk, people, nation, army
* gs folces
* is folce
folc-ge-feoht
n general engagement, pitched battle
folcisc adj vulgar, popular
* np -isce
folc-stede m place of assembly, battle-field
* ds -stede
fold-āgend m (earth possessor) earth-dweller
* gp -āgendra
folde f earth, land, country
* gs foldan
   [feld]
fold-wæstm m fruit of the earth
fold-weg m way, path (on the earth)
* ds (is) -wege
folgian (fylgean) WII; W III follow, serve, observe, obey (w dat)
* ptc fylgende, fyliende
* 1 pl fylgeað
* imp 2 pl folgiað
* opt 1 pl fylgen, fylgeon
* pret 3 sg filgde, folgode
* 2 pl fyligdon
* 3 pl folgodon, filigdon
folgoð m service, official dignity, office
   [folgian]
folme (folm) f hand
* ds folman
   [fēlan 'feel']
fōn (principal parts: pret sg:fēng
pret pl:fēngon pp:fongon ) R seize, grasp, capture, take, receive
* 3 pl fōð
* pret 1 sg tō rīce fēng came to the throne
* tō þǣre sprǣce fēng
* tō wǣpnum fēng
* 3 pl fēngon tōgædere engaged in battle
for prep w dat instr and acc
* (w dat, instr) before (place)
* (w dat, instr) for, on account of, because of, owing to (cause, condition, remedy)
** for ðǣm (ðām) conj; for, because, since
** for ðon
** for ðan
** for ðǣm (ðām) ðe
** for ðȳ þe
** for ðon þe
** for ðan þe
** for ðȳ for this, therefore
** for ðī
** for þig
** for ðon
** for hwǣm wherefore
** for hwig
** for hwon
* (w acc) for, instead of
for adv (intensive) very
for
f journey
* ds fōre
   [faran]
foran
adv before, in front
* foran tō
* tō foran
for-bærnan
WI cause to burn, to burn (trans)
* sg -bærneð
* 3 pl -bærnað
* opt 1 pl -bærne
* pret 3 pl -bærndon
* pp -bærned
for-bēodan 2 forbid
* pp pl forbodene
for-beornan
3 burn (intr)
* pp -burnen
for-beran
4 suffer, permit
* 3 sg -bireð
for-berstan 3
burst asunder, vanish, fail
* 3 sg -birsteð
for-būgan 2 avoid, escape
* pret 3 sg -bēah
ford m ford
* ds forda
* as ford
for-dōn irreg destroy
* pret 3 sg -dyde
fore prep (w acc) before (place)
for-ealdian WII become old
* pp forealdod
fore-bēacen (-bēacn)
n fore-token
fore-genga m predecessor, ancestor
* np -gengan
fore-gīsel m preliminary hostage
* gp gīsla
   [Ger Geisel]
fore-mihtig adj prepotent
fore-scēawung f fore-sight, providence
* as -scēawunga
fore-secgan WIII
* say beforehand
** pret 1 pl -sǣdon
** pl -sǣdan
** pp sg -sǣde aforesaid
* foretell, predict
** pret 1 sg -sǣde
fore-sprǣc f defence
fore-sprecan 5 speak or mention beforehand
* -sprecenan aforesaid
* pp sg -sprecena aforesaid
fore-stæppan (-steppan) (principal parts: pret sg:-stōp pret pl:-stōpon
pp:-stapen ) 6 precede (w dat)
* 3 sg -stæpð
* 3 pl stæppað
fore-tiohhung f predestination
fore-þingian WII
plead for one, defend
* 3 sg -þingað
* opt 3 sg -þingie
fore-þonc m forethought, foreknowledge
* ds -þonce
fore-witan
pp foreknow
* 3 sg -wāt
fore-wītegian WII
prophesy
* pret 1 sg -wītegode
for-faran 6 get in front of, obstruct
* pret 3 pl -fōron
for-giefan (-gifan, -gyfan) 5 give, grant; forgive
* ger -giefanne
* pret 3 sg -geaf
* 2 pl -gēafon
* pp -gifen
* pl -gifene, -gyfene
for-gifennis (-gyfennis) f forgiveness
* as -nisse, -gifenysse
fore-gongan R go before, precede
* opt 3 sg -gange
for-grindan (principal parts: pret sg:-grond pret pl:-grundon pp:-grunden ) 3 grind to pieces, destroy, consume
for-grīpan 1 seize, snatch away
* 3 sg -grīpeð
for-gyldan (-gieldan) 3 repay, requite, buy off
* 3 sg -gilt
* 1 pl -gyldað
* opt 2 pl -gyldon
for-gytan (-gietan, -gitan) 5 forget
* pret 3 sg -geat
for-gytol adj forgetful
for-hæfednis f
restraint, abstinence
* as -nysse
for-heard adj very hard
* as -heardne
for-hēawan R hew, cut down
for-helan 4 conceal
for-hergian WII harry, devestate, lay waste
* pp -hergod
for-hogdnis f contempt
* ds -nisse
for-hogian WII despise
* ptc -hogigende
* 3 sg -hogað
* 3 pl -hogiað
* opt 3 sg -hogige
* pret 3 sg -hogode
[cf. for-hycgan]
for-hradian WII hasten before, anticipate, prevent
* 3 sg -hradað
forht adj afraid
* np forhte
forhtian WII fear, be afraid (intr)
* ptc ap forhtgendan
* 3 pl forhtigað
* 3 sg forhtige
* pret opt 3 pl forhtedon
forhtung
f fear
* ds -unge
for-hwæga (-hwega) adv
at least, about
for-hycgan WIII despise
* 1 sg -hycge
[cf. forhogian]
for-læ_tan (principal parts: pret sg:-lēt pret pl:-lēton pp:-læ_ten ) R leave, leave off, omit, abandon, neglect, lose
* ptc -læ_tende
* 3 sg -læ_t
* opt 3 sg -læ_te
* 3 pl læ_ten
for-læ_tnes f remission
* gs (or gp) -nessa
for-lēosan (principal parts: pret sg:-lēas pret pl:-luron pp:-loren ) 2
lose, abandon, destroy
* 3 sg -lȳst
* opt 3 sg -lēose
* 1 pl -lēosen
* pret 2 sg -lure
forma (fyrmest, firmest) supl adj first
* as forman
for-niman 4 take off, destroy
* pret 3 sg -nōm
* 3 pl -nōmon
for-rīdan 1 intercept by riding before
* pret 3 sg -rād
for-rotian WII rot away, decay
* opt 3 sg -rotige
* pp -rotad
for-sacan 6 oppose, refuse
* pret 3 pl -sōcon
   [Mod forsake]
for-scrincan (principal parts: pret sg:-scronc pret pl:-scruncon pp:-scruncen )
3 shrink, wither
for-scyldigan WII condemn
* pp -scyldigod
for-sēarian WII sear, dry up, wither
* pp -sēarod
for-sēon 5 overlook, despise, reject
* 3 sg -syhð, -syhð
* 3 pl -sēoþ
for-sewennis f contempt
* ds -nysse
for-sittan 5 delay
* pret 3 sg forsæt
for-spendan WI spend utterly, squander
* 3 pl -spendað
for-spyllan (-spillan)
WI spill, waste, lose, destroy
* pp -spylled
for-spyllednis f
spilling, waste, destruction, perdition
* gs -nysse
forst frost
* gs forstes
for-standan 6 understand
* pret 1 sg -stōd
for-stelan 4 steal away (trans)
* pret 3 pl -stæ_lon
for-suwian (-sugian -swugian -swīgian) WIII keep silent (trans)
for-swæ_lan (-swelan) WI
burn, scorch (trans and intrans)
* 3 sg -swēleð
* pret 3 sg -swæ_lde
   [swol; Ger schwül]
for-swelgan 3 swallow up
* pret 3 sg -swealh
for-tēogean WII ordain
* pp -tēode
for-tredan
(principal parts: pret sg:-træd pret pl:-træ_don pp:-treden ) 5 tread down
forð adv
forth, forwards, onwards, away; henceforth
* forð mid ealle forthwith
* and swā forð and so on
forð-fēran
WI depart, die
* pret 3 sg -fērde
* 3 pl -fērdon
forð-fōr f departure, death
* gs -fōre
* ds -fōre
forð-georn adj eager to advance
forð-genge adj progressive, successful
for-þolian WII go without, miss, lack (w dat)
for-ðrysmian
WII choke, suffocate
* pret 3 pl forðrysmodon
   [þrosm, 'smoke, vapor']
forð-sīð
m departure, death
* ds -sīðe
forð-weard adj
enduring
* as -weardne
forð-weg m way leading forth
* ds forðwege
for-þylman WI envelop, suffocate; consume
* pret 3 sg -þylmde
for-weard adj forward, fore
* ds -weardum
for-wegan 5 overcome, kill
* pp forwegen
for-weornian WII wither (intr)
* opt 2 pl -weornion
for-weorðan (-wurðan) 3 come to grief, perish
* 1 pl -wurþað
* opt 1 pl -weorþon
* pret 3 sg -wearð
for-wiernan (-wirnan, -wyrnan) WI prohibit, prevent, refuse (w gen)
* opt 3 sg -wyrne
for-wordenlīc adj perishable
   [weorðan]
for-wundian WII wound seriously
* pp pl -wundode
for-wurðan see:for-weorðan
for-wyrcan WI barricade, obstruct
for-wyrd
f n fate, destruction
* ds forwyrde
for-wyrdan WI
perish
* 3 sg -wyrð
fōt m foot
* gs fōtes
* dp fōtum
* ap fēt
fōt-mǣl n foot-print, space of a foot
fōt-swæð n foot-print
* dp -swaðum
fracod (fracoð, fracuð) adj of bad repute, detestable, vile, wicked
   [*fra-cūð]
fram see:from
franca m spear
* ds francan
Francan pl m the Franks
* gp Francena
Franc-land n the country of the Franks
* ds -lande
frætwe pl f ornaments, decorations, equipments
* gp frætwa
* ap frætwe
   [*fra-tāwe]
frætwian WII adorn
* pret 3 sg frætwode
* pp gefrætwad, gefrætewod, -ed
* pl gefrætewode
frēa
m lord
* gs frēan
* ds frēan
frēcednis f danger, harm
* dp -nyssum
frēcennes
f danger, harm
* ds -nesse
frēcne adj
dangerous, perilous
* as frēcnan
* ap frēcne
   [cf Mod freak]
frēcnes (frǣcnes) f danger, harm
* np frēcnessa
* dp frǣcnessum
frēfran WI comfort, console, cheer
frēfrend (ptc) m comforter
fremde (fremðe) adj strange, foreign, alien
* np fremdan, fremde
   [from; Ger fremd]
fremian WII benefit, profit (w dat)
* 3 sg fremað
   [from 'valiant'; Ger fromm]
frem-sumlīce adv kindly
frem-sumnes
f kindness, benefit
* gp -nessa
* ap -nesse
frēo see:frīo
frēod f good-will, peace
* as frēode
frēolīce adv freely
frēo-mǣg m
free kinsman
frēond m friend
* as frēond
* ap frȳnd
frēond-lēas adj friendless
* as -lēasne
frēondlīce adv in friendly manner
frēorig adj cold, chill
   [frēosan]
freoðu see:frið
Frēsisc adj Frisian
* gp -iscra
* as on Frēsisc in the Frisian manner
fretan (principal parts: pret sg:frǣt pret pl:frǣton pp:freten ) 5 devour, eat
   [<for-etan]
frettan WI graze
* pret 3 pl fretton
fricgean
5 ask, inquire
   [Ger fragen]
Frīesa (Frīsa, Frȳsa) (adj) m a Frisian
frignan (frīnan)
(principal parts: pret sg:fræn pret pl:frugnon pp:frugnen ) 3 ask, inquire
* ptc frignende
* 3 pl frīnað
   [Ger fragen]
frimdi (frindig) adj desirous, petitioning
   [fricgean]
frīo (frēo frīoh frēoh) free
* ns frīoh, frēoh
* gp frīora
frið m n [(freoðu f)] peace, security, protection
* gs friþes
* ds friðe
* as frið, freoðu
   [Ger Friede]
frōd adj
wise, prudent, skilful, experienced, old
* ns frōda, frōd
frōfor (frōfer) f comfort, consolation
* ns frōfer
* as frōfre
from (fram) prep (w dat instr); adv
* from (origin, departure, separation, release, distance)
* by, on the part of (agency)
* adv from, away
fromlīce adv strenuously, promptly
fruma m beginning, creation; author, creator, chief
* ds fruman
   [from]
frum-sceaft f creation
frymð
f m beginning, origin, creation
* ds frymðe
* gp frymða
   [fruma]
fugelere m fowler
* np fugeleras
fugel-timber n (bird-structure), young-bird
fugol (fugel) m bird
* ns fugel
* gs fugles
* np fugelas
* gp fugela, fugla
   [Mod fowl]
fūl adj foul
* supl ns (voc) fūluste
ful-gān irreg perform, carry out, fulfil (w dat)
* 3 sg -gæð
fūlian WII decompose
* 3 pl fūliað
   [fūl]
full (ful) adj full (w gen)
* as fullne
* ap full, ful
* ds fullan
* ds fullan adv fully, perfectly
full (ful) adv fully, perfectly, very (intensive)
* ful nēah very nearly, almost
full-cræftig adj very efficient, virtuous (w gen)
* np -cræftige
full-fremedlīce (ful-) adv perfectly
full-fremman WI
do fully, fulfil, perfect
* 3 sg -fremeð
* opt 3 sg -fremme
* pp -fremed
full-hālig adj very holy
* np -hālige
fullian (fulwigan) WII baptize
* pret 3 sg fullode
fullīce adv fully
fulluht (fulwiht) m f n baptism
* gs fulwihte
* ds fulluhte
   [full; wīh, 'sacred']
fultum m
help
* ds fultume, fultome
* as fultum
   [*full-tēam]
fultumian WII help (w dat)
fulwiht-hād m baptismal rank, or vow
* ap -hādas
ful-wyrcan WI complete
* pret 3 sg -worhte
fundian WII strive after, intend, go
* pret 3 sg fundode
   [findan]
fur-lang n furlong
* gs -langa
   [furh, 'furrow']
furðor (furður) adv further
furðum (furðon) adv
even, just, quite
fūs adj ready, eager
   [Mod fuss]
fyll (fiell) m
fall, destruction, death
* ds fylle
* as fyl
   [feallan]
fylstan WI assist, help (w dat)
* pret 3 sg fylste
   [*full-lāst, lǣstan]
fȳr n fire
* gs fȳres
* ds fȳre
* as fȳr
* is fȳre
fȳr-bæð
n fire-bath
* ds -baðe
fyrd-rinc m
warrior
fȳren adj of fire, fiery
* ds fȳrenum
fyren-lust (firen-) m sinful lust
* np -lustas
fyrhto f fright, terror
* ds fyrhtu, fyrhto
fyrlen (fierlen) adj distant
   [feorr]
fyrmest see:forma
fyrn-dagas pl m days of long ago, ancient days
   [Ger firn]
fyrn-gēar pl n years of long ago, ancient years
fyrn-ge-sceap n ancient decree
fyrn-ge-set n former seat or habitation
* ap -gesetu
fyrn-ge-weorc n ancient work
fyrst supl adj
first, chief
fyrst (first, fierst) m division of time, time, period, respite
* gs fyrstes
* ds fyrste
* as first
   [Ger Frist]
fyrst-mearc f
marked period of time, interval
* ds -mearce
fȳsan WI
* hasten (intr)
* send forth, impel (trans)
** pret 3 sg fȳsde
   [fūs]

## G

gædrian (ge-gædrian, cf ge-gaderian) WII gather
* 3 sg gædrað, gegædrað
* pp gegædrad
gafol n
tax, tribute, profit, interest
* gs gafoles
* ds gafole
   [cf Goth ga-baur]
gǣlan WI delay, hinder
* pret opt 3 sg gǣlde
gamenian
WII play, pun
* pret 3 sg gamenode
   [gamen 'game']
gamol-ferhð
adj aged
   [*ga-mǣl]
gān (principal parts: pret sg:ēode pret pl:ēodon pp:gegān ) go, come, walk, advance
* 2 sg gǣ
* 3 sg gǣð
* 3 pl gāð
* imp 2 sg gā
* 2 pl gāð
* opt 3 sg gā
* pret opt 3 pl ēoden
gār m spear
* ap gāras
   [Mod gore, gar-fish, etc.]
gār-berend m spear-bearer, warrior
gār-mitting f
meeting of spears or javelins, contest
* gs -mittinge
gār-rǣs m spear-encounter, battle
gærs n grass, blade
gārsecg m sea, ocean
gǣst (gāst) m spirit
* gs gāstes
* ds gǣste
gāst-cyning m spiritual king
* ds -cyninge
gǣstlīc (gāstlīc) adj
* spiritual
** gs gæsðlīces (dial)
** as gāstlīce
** gp -lecena
** ap -lecan
* ghastly, terrible
** ns gāstlīc
gǣstlīce (gāstlīce)
adv spiritually
gāte-hǣr n hair of a goat
ge conj
and
* ge ... ge both ... and
   [cf ǣgðer]
gē see:ðū
geador adv together
geaful m
* fork
* in pl, jaws, bird's bill
** np geaflas
   [Ger Gabel]
ge-āgan PP own, possess
* ger -āgenne
ge-āhnian (-āgnian) WII claim as one's own, take possession of
* pp geāhnod
gealla
m gall
* ds geallan
ge-ǣmet(t)igian WII
free, disengage from (w acc of pers and gen of thing)
* opt 2 sg geǣmetige
   [ǣmet(t)ig]
ge-an-bīdian
WII
* wait, remain (intr)
** inf -bȳdian
** imp 2 sg bȳda
* await (w gen)
** inf -bȳdian
ge-and-wyrdan WI answer
* pp -andwyrd
ge-ān-lǣcan WI unite
* pret 3 sg -lǣhte
ge-an-līcian WII liken
* pres 1 pl geanlīcie
gēar (gēr)
n year
* gs gēares
* ds gēare, gēre
* as gēar
* is gēare, gēre
* ap gēar, gēr
gearcian
WII prepare
* imp 2 sg gearca
   [gearu]
geard
m enclosure, dwelling
* dp in geardum at home, in the world
gēar-dæg m
day of yore
geare (gearwe) adv readily, well
gearelīce adv readily
ge-ārian WII show mercy (w dat)
* opt 3 sg -ārige
ge-ærnan WI run (or ride) for, gain by running (trans)
* 3 sg -æneð
   [yrnan]
gearo-wita m intellect
* as -witan
gearu (gearo) adj yare, ready
* np gearwe, gearowe
   [Ger gar]
gearwian WII prepare
* pret 2 sg gearwodest
* 3 sg -ode
ge-ār-wurðian WII honor
* pret 3 sg -wurðode
ge-āscian (-āxian) WII learn by inquiry, hear of, discover
* 1 pl -āxiað
* pret 3 sg -āscode, -āxode
* pp -āscad
ge-āscung f inquiry
* ds geāscunge
geat n gate
* ds geate
* as geat
* ap gatu
geat-weard
m gate-ward, door-keeper
ge-æðele adj befitting noble descent
ge-āxian see:ge-āscian
ge-bǣdan WI compel, force
* pp gebǣded
ge-bǣre n gesture, behavior, cry
* np gebǣru
   [beran]
ge-bed n prayer
* is gebede
* as gebed
ge-bēodan 2 offer
* pret 3 sg -bēad
ge-bēor m (beer-companion), reveller
* dp gebēorum
* np gebēoras
ge-beorg (-beorh) n protection, defence
* ds gebeorge
ge-beorgan 3 protect, save
* pp geborgen (impers)
ge-bēorscipe m banquet, entertainment
* gs -bēorscipes
* ds -bēorscipe
* dp -bēorscipum
gebētan WI
* make amends for, repent of (trans)
** opt 3 sg gebēte
** 3 pl gebēten
* repent (intr)
   [bōt]
ge-bīcnian [(cf bēacnian)] II betoken, indicate
* pp gebīcnod
ge-bīdan (principal parts: pret sg:-bād pret pl:-bidon
pp:-biden ) 1
* await, look for (w gen)
** 3 sg -bīdeð
* endure, experience
ge-biddan 5
* pray (w reflex acc)
** pret 3 sg gebæd
* pray (w reflex dat)
ge-bīegan (-bīgan -bȳgan) WI bow, bend, incline, convert (trans)
* inf -bīgan, -bīgean
* 3 sg -bīgð
* pret 3 sg -bīgde
* pret opt 3 pl -bīgden
* pp -bīeged, -bīged
* pl -bīgede, bȳgede
   [būgan]
ge-bīgan see:ge-bīegan
ge-bilde adj bold, confident
* ds gebildum
   [beald]
ge-bind n combination, commingling
ge-bindan 3 bind
* 3 pl -bindað
* pret 3 sg -band
* pp -bunden
* gp -bundenra
ge-bīsnung f example
ge-blēsian WII bless
* pret 3 sg -blētsode
* pp -blētsod
* sg -blētsode
ge-blissian (-blyssian) WII
* rejoice (intr)
** inf -blyssian
** ptc -blyssigende
* make happy (trans)
** pp -blissad
ge-bod n command
* ds gebode
   [bēodan]
ge-bræc n breaking, crashing
   [brecan]
ge-brǣdan WI broaden, become extended
* pp pl -brǣdda
ge-brēadian
see:ge-brēdian
ge-brēdian (-brēadian) WII (breed), regenerate, restore
* pp gebrēadad
* pl gebrēdade
ge-bregd n change, vicissitude
   [bregdan]
ge-brēowan (principal parts: pret sg:-brēaw pret pl:-bruwon pp:-browen ) 2 brew
* pp gebrowen
ge-bringan (-brengan) WI bring
* 3 sg -bringð, brengð
* imp 2 pl -bringað
ge-brocian WII afflict
* pp gebrocod
* np gebrocede
ge-brosnodlīc adj
corruptible
ge-brōðor (ðru -ðra) m pl tant brothers
* np gebrōðra
* ap gebrōðru
ge-būd see:būan
ge-būn see:būan
ge-bycgan WI buy
* 3 pl -bycgað
ge-bȳgan see:ge-bīegan
ge-byrd n birth, rank, condition
* as -byrd
ge-byrgan WI taste
* opt 3 sg gebyrge
ge-byrian WI
* happen
** 3 sg gebyreð (impers)
* pertain, behove (impers)
   [Ger gebühren]
ge-bȳsnian WII
give good example
* pret 3 sg gebȳsnode
ge-bytle n building, dwelling
* np gebytlu
* gp gebytla
ge-camp m
fight, battle
* ds gecampe
* as gecamp
ge-cēosan
2 choose, elect
* pret 3 sg gecēas
* pp gecoren (decide)
* np -corene
ge-cīegan (-cīgan -cȳgan) WI call, name, invoke
* 3 sg -cȳgð
* pp -cīged
* pl -cīgede, -cȳgede
ge-cierran (-cirran -cyrran) WI
* turn, change, convert, direct (trans)
** imp 2 sg gecyr
** pp gecierred
** sg -cyrreda
** pl -cyrrede
* turn (one's self), go, return (intr)
** inf -cyrran
** imp 2 sg -cyrr
** opt 3 sg -cyrre
** pl -cyrran
** pret 3 sg -cyrde
ge-cīgan
see:ge-ciēegan
ge-clǣnsian WII cleanse
* pret 3 sg -clǣnsode
* pp -clǣnsod
ge-clingan (principal parts: pret sg:-clong pret pl:-clungon pp:-clungen )
3 cling, adhere, compress
* pp pl geclungne
ge-cnāwan R
know, understand
* 3 sg -cnǣwð
* pret 3 pl -cnīowon
ge-cneord-lǣcan
WI be zealous, strive, study (intr)
* pret 3 sg -lǣhte
gē-cneordlīce
adv diligently
ge-cnyrdnis f diligence, earnestness, study
* ds -nysse
ge-cringan 3 cringe, yield, fall
* pret 3 sg gecrong, gecranc
ge-crīstnian WII christianize, catechise
* pp -crīstnad
ge-cuman 4 come together, assemble
ge-cwēme adj (becoming), acceptable, pleasing
   [Ger bequem]
ge-cȳgan see:ge-cīegan
ge-cynd f n nature, kind, generation
* ns gecynde
* ds gecynde, gecinde
* as gecynd
ge-cynd-bōc f Genesis
ge-cynde adj natural
ge-cyrran see:ge-cierran
ge-cyrrednis f conversion
* gs -nysse
ge-cȳðan WI make manifest, show
* imp 2 sg -cȳð
* pret 3 sg -cȳðde
ge-cȳðnis f manifestation, testament
* ds -nisse
* ap -nissa
ge-dafen [(cf ge-dēfe)] adj fit, becoming
   [Mod deft, daft]
ge-dafenian (-dafnian) WII befit, suit (impers w dat)
* 3 sg gedafenað
* pret 3 sg gedafnode, gedeofanade (dial w acc ?)
   [Goth gadaban]
ge-dāl n division, separation
* as līces gedāl dissolution, death
ge-dǣlan WI deal out (tear?)
* pret 3 sg -dǣlde
ge-dēfe [(cf ge-dafen)] adj fitting, gentle, improved in condition
* comp ap gedēfran
   [Goth gadōbs]
ge-deofenian see:ge-dafenian
ge-deorf
n labor, hardship, difficulty
ge-dihtan WI
* compose, dictate, write
** pret 3 sg -dihte
* direct, order
** pret 3 sg
   [Ger dichten]
ge-dōn irreg
* do, act
** pret 3 pl -dydon
** pret opt 3 sg dǣde
* cause to be (trans)
** 3 sg -dēð
** 3 pl -dōð
* put into such and such a condition
* reach, arrive at
** pret 3 pl -dydon
ge-dreccan WI oppress, afflict, vex, trouble
* pp pl gedrehte
ge-drēfan WI trouble, disturb, afflict
* 3 sg -drēfð
* 3 pl -drēfað
* pret 2 pl drēfdon
* pp -drēfed
* pl -drēfde, -drēfede
ge-drēfednis f trouble
* gs -nysse
ge-drēosan 2 fall, fail
* pret 3 sg -drēas
* pp pl -drorene
ge-drincan 3 drink up
* pret 3 sg gedranc
ge-drōfenlīc adj troublous
ge-dryht f
train of attendants, retinue, company
ge-drync n drinking, carousing
ge-dwol-monn m erring man, heretic
* np -men
* gp -manna
ge-dwolsum
adj misleading, erroneous
ge-dwyld n folly, error
* gs -dwyldes
* ds -dwylde
   [dwol]
ge-dyrst-lǣcan WI dare, presume
* pret 2 sg -lǣhtest
ge-ealgian WII defend
ge-earnian WII earn, deserve
* imp 2 sg -earna
* opt 3 pl -earnien
* pret 3 sg -ode
* 3 pl -odon
* pp geearnad
ge-earnung f desert, merit
* ds -unge
* gp -unga
* ap -unga
ge-ēað-mōdian WII humble, debase (w refl acc)
* pret 3 sg -mēdde
ge-ēawan see:ge-ēowan
ge-ed-cwycian (-cwician -cuican) WII quicken, revive
* pp pl -cwycode
ge-ed-nīwian
WII renew
* 3 sg -nīwað
* pp -nīwad
ge-ed-staþelian WII reestablish, restore
* imp 2 sg -staðela
* pret 2 sg -staðelodest
ge-efen-lǣcan WI imitate
* ger geefenlǣcenne
ge-ende-byrdan WI set in order, ordain, arrange
* pp -endebyrd
* as -endebyrdne
ge-endian WII
* end, finish (trans)
** ger geendianne
** pret 3 sg geendade
** pret opt 3 sg geendode
** pp geendod, -ad
* come to an end, die
** 3 sg geendað
ge-endung f ending, end
* ds geendunge
ge-ēowan (-ēawan) irreg show
* 3 sg -ēowð
* opt 3 sg -ēawe
ge-fædera m godfather in his relation to the father
ge-fadian WII arrange
ge-fāgian WII variegate, embroider
* pp gefāgod
ge-fær n going, journey
ge-faran 6
* go, travel (intr)
** pret opt 3 sg gefōre
* travel (trans)
* depart out of life, die (intr)
** pret 3 sg gefōr
ge-fæstnian WII fasten, fix
* pret 3 sg -fæstnode
* pp pl -fæstnode
ge-fēa
m joy, delight, gratification
* is ge-fēan
ge-fēalīc adj
joyous, pleasant
ge-feccan (-fecgan -fetian) WIII fetch, take
* pret 3 pl -fetedon
ge-fēgan WI join
* imp 2 sg gefēg
* pp gefēged
ge-feoht n fight, strife, battle
* ds gefeohte
* ap gefeoht
ge-feohtan (principal parts: pret sg:-feaht pret pl:-fuhton pp:-fohten )
3
* fight
* gain by fighting, win
ge-fēon 5 rejoice (w inst or gen)
* ptc gefēonde
* imp 2 sg -feoh
ge-fēra m companion, comrade
* ds -fēran
* np -fēran
* ap -fēran
ge-fēran WI
travel (trans)
ge-fēre adj accessible
   [faran]
ge-fēr-scipe
m companionship
ge-feterian WII fetter, bind
* pret 3 sg -feterode
ge-fetian see:ge-feccan
ge-fexod (-feaxod) adj haired, having hair
* np -fexode
ge-fillednys f completion, fulfilment
ge-firnian WII commit a wrong, sin (intr)
* pret 1 sg -firnode
* 2 sg -dest
ge-flīeman (-flȳman) WI put to flight
* pret 3 sg -flīemde
* 3 pl -don
* pp -flȳmed
* pl -flīemde
ge-flȳman see:ge-flīeman
ge-flȳt n contention, strife
* ds -flȳte
   [flītan; Ger Fleiss]
ge-fōn R take, seize
* 3 sg gefēhð
* hlyst gefēð listens
ge-forþian WII
accomplish
* pp geforþod
ge-frǣge adj famous
   [fricgan]
ge-frǣge n report, hearsay
* is mine gefrǣge
* as I have heard say
ge-fremian WII [(cf ge-fremman)] perform
* 3 sg -fremað
ge-fremman WI perform
* ger fremmenne
* imp 2 pl -fremmað
* pret 3 sg -fremede
* 3 pl -don
* pp -fremed
ge-freoge (-frige) n information
   [fricgan]
ge-frēolsian WII
set free, deliver
* 1 sg -frēolside
* 3 sg -frēolseð
* opt 3 sg -frēolsige
ge-freoðian (-frioðian -friðian) WII protect, favor
* imp 2 sg gefreoða
* pret 3 sg -friðode
ge-frignan 3 learn by inquiry, hear
* pp gefrugnen
ge-fullian [(cf gefulwian)] WII baptize
* pret 3 sg gefullode
* pp gefullod
* pl gefullode
ge-fultumian WII
help
* pp -fultumod
ge-fulwian [(cf gefullian)] WII baptize
* pp gefulwad
ge-fylce n army, troop, division
* dp gefylcium, gefylcum
   [folc]
ge-fylgan WIII follow (w dat)
ge-fyllan WI fell, cut down; deprive of (w gen)
* pp gefylled
   [feallan]
ge-fyllan WI
* fill (w gen)
** pp pl gefylda
* fulfil, complete, perform
** 2 pl -fyllað
** opt 2 sg -fylle
** 1 pl -fyllon
** pret 3 sg -felde
** pp -fylled
** pl -fyllede
   [full]
ge-fylsta
m helper
* ds -fylstan
ge-fylstan WI
help (w dat)
* pret 3 sg -fylste
ge-fyrn adv
formerly
* gefyrn ǣr
ge-gaderian WII gather, collect, assemble (trans and intrans)
* 3 sg -gaderað
* pret 3 sg -gaderode, -gaderade
* 3 pl -gaderodon
* pp -gaderod
* pl -gaderode
ge-gædrian see:gædrian
ge-gān [(cf gān)] irreg happen
* pret 3 sg geēode
ge-gangan R obtain (trans)
ge-gærwan see:ge-gearwian
ge-gearwian (-gæwan, dial) WII prepare
* imp 2 sg -gearwa
* pret 3 sg -ode
* pret opt 3 sg -gearwode
ge-glengan WI adorn
* pret 3 sg geglengde
* pp glenged
ge-gōdian WII
endow
* pret 3 sg -gōdode
   [gōd]
ge-gremian WII
enrage
* pp -gremod
* pl -gremode
   [grom]
ge-grīpan (principal parts: pret sg:-grāp pret pl:-gripon pp:-gripen ) 1 seize
ge-gyddian
WII sing, utter
* pret 1 sg -gyddode
ge-gyrela m
robe, dress, garment
* np gegyrelan
ge-hādian WII ordain
* pret 3 sg gehādode
* pp gehādod
ge-hāl adj
whole
ge-hǣlan WI heal (trans)
* 3 sg -hǣlð
* opt 3 sg -hǣle
* pret 2 sg -hǣldest
* 2 pl -don
* pp pl -hǣlde
ge-hālgian WII hallow, consecrate
* pp gehālgod
* pl -ade, -ode
ge-hātan (principal parts: pret sg:-hēt pret pl:-hēton pp:-hāten )
R
* promise
** 1 sg -hāte
** pret 2 sg -hēte
* name
** pp gehāten
** pl gehātene
ge-hāt-land n promised land
* gs -landes
ge-hāwian WII look at, reconnoitre
* pret 3 sg -hāwade
ge-healdan (principal parts: pret sg:-hēold pret pl:-hēoldon pp:-healden ) R hold, protect, maintain, observe
* 3 sg gehelt
* opt 3 sg -healde
* 3 pl -dan
* pret 3 pl -hīoldon
* pret opt 3 sg -hēolde
* pp gehealdan
ge-healtsumnis f
captivity
* ds -nysse
ge-hefigian WII weigh down, oppress
* pp gehefgad
ge-hēgan WI effect, hold (an assembly)
ge-helpan 3 help (w dat)
ge-hende (adv) prep near (w dat)
ge-hēran see:ge-hīeran
ge-hergian WII capture (by harrying)
* pp gehergod
ge-hieran (-hȳran -hīran -hēran) WI hear
* ger -hȳranne
* ptc -hȳrende
* 2 sg -hȳrst
* 3 sg -hȳreð
* 3 pl -hȳrað
* imp 2 sg -hēr, -hīere
* 2 pl -hȳrað
* opt 3 sg -hȳre
* 1 pl -hȳron
* 2 pl -hȳran
* 3 pl -hȳren
* pret 2 sg -hȳrdest
* 3 sg -hȳrde
ge-hilt
n hilt
ge-hīran see:ge-hīeran
ge-hīwian WII
form, fashion
* 3 sg -hīwað
ge-hlēapan R leap (upon a horse), mount
* pret 3 sg -hlēop
ge-hlēotan 2 cast or draw lots
* pret 3 sg -hlēat
ge-hlystan WI listen
* pret 3 pl -hlyston
ge-hnǣgan WI humble, cast down
* pret 3 sg hnǣde
   [hnīgan]
ge-hola m protector
* gp geholena
   [helan]
ge-hrēosan 2 fall, perish
* 3 sg gehrīst
ge-hwā pron each
* gs gehwæs
* ds gehwāam
* as gehwone, gehwane
ge-hwanon adv from every quarter
ge-hwǣr adv everywhere
ge-hwæðer pron both, either
* as -hwæþre, -hwæþere
ge-hwelc see:gehwilc
ge-hwerfan see:ge-hwyrfan
ge-hwilc (ge-hwylc, ge-hwelc) each, every (pl all)
* np gehwyilce
* ds gehwilcum
* is gehwylce
* as gehwylcne
* ānra gehwylc each one
* ānra gehwilcum, heora frēonda gehwilcum, hiera ... gehwelcum
* ānra manna gwheylcne
* ūhtna gehwylc
ge-hwyrfan (-hwierfan, -hwerfan)
turn, change, convert
* 2 sg -hwyrfest
* pret 3 sg -hwyrfde
* pp pl gehwyrfede, gwhwerfede
ge-hȳdan WI hide, conceal, guard
* 3 sg gehȳt
* pret 3 sg gehȳdde
ge-hygd f n mind, thought, purpose
ge-hyhtan WI
have hope, trust
ge-hȳran see:ge-hīeran
ge-hyrdan WI oppress
* pret 3 sg gehyrde
   [heard]
ge-hȳrnes (-hīernes) f hearing
* ds -nesse
ge-hȳrsumian WII hear, obey (w dat)
* imp 2 pl -hȳrsumiað
ge-īcan see:ge-īecan
ge-īct
see:ge-īecan
ge-īecan (-īcan -ȳcan) WI increase, add to
* inf -īcan
* pp geīct
   [ēac]
ge-læccan WI seize, catch, take
* pret 3 sg gelæhte
ge-lǣdan WI lead
* 3 sg gelǣt
* opt 3 sg -lǣde
* pret 3 sg -lǣdde
* pl -lǣddon
ge-lǣred pp adj learned
* np gelǣrede, -edan
* supl ap gelǣredestan
ge-lǣstan WI
* perform, carry out (trans)
** 2 sg -lǣste
** opt 3 sg -lǣste
** pret 3 sg -lǣste
* help, stand by (intr w dat)
   [Ger leisten]
ge-laðian WII
invite, summon
* pret 2 sg -laðodest
* pp -laðod
   [Ger ein-laden]
ge-laðung f (invitation), church, congregation
* gs -laðunge
ge-lēafa
m belief, faith
* ds -lēafan
ge-lēaffull adj
believing
* ns -leaffula
* gp -lēaffulra
fe-lēaffulnes
f belief, faith
* as -nesse
ge-lecgan WI
lay
* pp gelēd
ge-lēfan see:ge-liēfan
ge-lendan WI
* come to land, come, go
** pp gelend
* endow with lands
** pret 3 sg gelende
   [land]
ge-lēofan see:ge-līefan
ge-leornian (-liornian) WII learn
* pret 1 sg -liornode
* 3 sg -leornode, -leornade
* 3 pl -don
* pp -liornod, -leornad
ge-lettan WI hinder, prevent
* pret 3 sg gelette
ge-līc adj
* like, resembling, same (as adjective standing alone)
** as gelīcan
* like, resembling, same w dat
** np gelīce
** supl ns gelīcost, gelīcast
ge-līc n similarity
* gs gelīces
ge-līca m equal
ge-līce adv in like manner
ge-līcian WII please (w dat)
* pret opt 3 sg -līcode
gelīcnes f likeness
* as gelȳcnysse
ge-līefan (-lȳfan -lēfan -lēofan)
WI believe (w acc, dat, or gen)
* inf -lȳfan, -lēfan, -lēofan
* ger -lȳfanne
* ptc -lȳfende
* 1 sg -līefe, -lēfe
* opt 2 pl -lēofon
* 3 pl -līefen, līefon, -lȳfon
* pret 1 sg -lȳfde
* pp -lȳfed
* pp -gelȳfed, filled with belief, believing, adj
ge-līf-fæstan WI make alive, quicken
* pret 3 sg gelīffæste
ge-limpan (principal parts: pret sg:-lomp pret pl:-lumpon pp:-lumpen ) happen
* pret -lamp 3 sg
ge-limplīc adj fitting, suitable
* as -limplīce
* dp gelimplīcum, adv, by chance
ge-lōglan WII lay, deposit
* pret 3 sg, -lōgode
* 3 pl -don
ge-lōme adv often, repeatedly
ge-lōmlīcian WII become frequent
ge-lustfullian WII please (w dat)
* pret 3 sg -fullode
ge-lustfullīce adv willingly
* comp gelustfullīcor
ge-lȳfan see:ge-līefan
ge-lȳfed (-lēfed, pp)
adj weak, infirm
* gs gelȳfdre
   [lēf; Mod left (hand)]
ge-lȳhtan
WI illumine, give sight to
* pret 3 sg -lȳhte
ge-lȳsan WI
release, break, tear
* pp gelȳsed
ge-māglīc adj importunate
ge-māgnys f importunity
ge-māh (ge-māg) adj malicious, wicked
ge-mǣlan WI speak
* pret 3 sg -mǣlde
gēman
see:gīeman
ge-māna m intercourse; joining (of weapons)
* gs gemānan
ge-mǣne adj common
   [Ger gemein]
ge-mǣnelīce adv
in common, generally
ge-mǣre n boundary, border
ge-maðel n talking, interview, harangue
* gs -maðeles
ge-mearc n boundary, limit
* gs -mearces
ge-mearcian WII mark, designate
* 3 sg -mearcað
* pp -mearcad
ge-met n measure
* ds gemete
* is gemete, degree
* as gemet, metre
ge-met adj meet, fit
ge-mētan WI meet with, find
* 2 sg -mētest
* 2 pl -mētað
* opt 3 pl -mēton
* pret 3 sg mētte
* 3 pl -on, -mȳtton
* pp gēmētt, gemēt
ge-mēteng (gemēting)
f meeting, assembly
ge-metgian WII moderate, temper, restrain, regulate
* 3 sg -metagað
* opt 3 sg -metgige
ge-metgung f measure, regulation, order
* as -metgunge
* ap -metgunga
ge-metlīce adv moderately
ge-miltsian WII show mercy (w dat)
* imp 2 sg gemiltsa
ge-molsnian WII moulder, decay
* 3 sg -molsnaþ
* pp pl -molsnode
ge-mong n crowd, throng
* ds gemonge
* in gemonge (prep w dat) among
ge-mōt n meeting, assembly, council, concourse, encounter
* gs gemōtes
ge-munan PP remember, call to mind, be mindful of
* 1 sg geman
* 3 sg gemon
* imp 2 sg gemyne, gemune
* 2 pl gemunað
* pret 1 sg gemunde
* pret opt 3 pl gemundon
* imp 2 sg gemun
* opt 3 sg gemyne
* pret 3 sg gemunde
ge-mundbyrdan WI
protect
* pret opt 3 sg gemundbyrde
ge-mynd f n memory
* ds -mynde
* as -mynd
ge-myndgian (-myngian) WII
keep in mind, remember
* pret 3 sg -myndgade
ge-myndig adj mindful of (w gen)
ge-myntan WI have in mind, intend
* pret 3 sg -mynte
* pp gemynt
gēn (gēna, gīen gīena) adv yet, still, even
ge-nēadian WI
compel
* pp genēadad, genēded
ge-neahhe (ge-nehe) adv enough, frequently, often
ge-nēa-lǣcan WI approach
* ptc -lǣcende, -lēcende
* pret 3 pl -lǣhton
ge-nēat m companion
   [Ger Genosse]
ge-nehe
see:ge-neahhe
ge-nēosian WII visit, approach, (trans)
* 3 sg -nēosað
* pret 3 sg -ode
ge-nerian WI save, rescue, preserve
* 3 sg -nereð
* pret 3 sg -nerede
* pp pl generode
ge-nihtsum adj sufficient, abounding
* ap -sume
ge-nihtsumian
WII suffice
* 3 sg genihtsumað
* 3 pl -iað
ge-nihtsumlīce adv sufficiently
ge-nihtsumnes f sufficiency
* gs -nysse
ge-niman (principal parts: pret sg:nōm,nam pret pl:nōmon,nāmon pp:numen ) 4
take
* imp 2 pl genimað
* opt 3 sg genime (reflex, collect oneself)
* pret opt 3 sg genāme
ge-nip n mist, cloud, darkness
* ap genypu
ge-nīpan 1 become dark
* pret 3 sg genāp
ge-niðerian (-nyðerian) WII cast down, abase, condemn
* pp geniðerod, genyðerod
ge-niðerung (-nyðerung)
debasement, wickedness
* ap -nyðerunga
ge-nīwian WII renew
* pp genīwad
ge-nōh (ge-nōg) adj enough
ge-notian WII use, consume
* pp as genotudne
geofon n sea, ocean
* gs geofones
ge-ofrian (-offrian)
WII offer
* pret opt 3 pl geofrodon
geogoð (giogoð, iugoð) f
youth; gioguð (young persons, collect.) (???)
* ds geoguðe
gēomor adj sad
* as gēomran
   [Ger Jammer]
gēomor-mōd adj of sorrowful mood
* np -mōde
gēomrung f lamentation, moaning
* ds -unga
* as -unge
geond (giond) prep (w acc) throughout (place and time)
geond-faran 6 traverse
* 3 pl -farað
geond-hweorfan 3 pass over, traverse
* 3 sg -hweorfeð
geond-lācan
(principal parts: 3 sg pres:leolc pret sg:lēc pret pl:lēcon pp:lācen ) R play over, traverse
* opt 3 sg -lāce
geond-lȳhtan WI
* illumine (trans)
** pret 3 sg -lȳhte
** pp pl -lȳhte
* shine over or upon (intr)
** pret opt 3 sg -lȳhte
geond-scēawian WII overlook, survey
* 3 sg -scēawað
geond-sendan WI send abroad
* pp -send
geond-ðencean WI think over, reflect upon
* 1 sg -þence
* 3 sg -ðenceð
geond-wlītan 1 look over (trans)
* 3 sg -wliteð
geong (giong, iung) adj young
* ns gioncga
* ap geonge, iunge
geonglīc adj youthful
ge-openian WII open
* imp 2 sg -opena
* pp pl -openede
georn (giorn) adj eager, earnest, desirous (w gen)
* np giorne
* ns georn
* np georne
georne
adv eagerly, willingly, certainly, surely
* comp geornor
* supl geornost
geornfull adj eager, desirous
* np geornfulle
geornfullīce
adv eagerly, earnestly
* comp geornfullīcor
geornfulnes f
eagerness, zeal
* ds -nesse, -nysse
geornlīce adv eagerly, earnestly, attentively
* comp geornlīcor
ge-or-trūwian WII despair of, distrust
* opt 3 sg geortrūwige
ge-rǣcan WI reach, obtain
ge-rād adj
trained, prudent
* as -rādne
ge-rǣdan R and WI counsel, advise
* 2 sg -rǣdest
ge-rǣde n trappings
ge-rēafian WII seize
* 3 pl gerēafiað
ge-reccan WI relate, explain, count
* ger -reccenne
* imp 2 sg -rece
* pret 3 sg -rehte
* pret opt 2 sg -reahte
* pp pl -rehte
ge-recednis f narration
* ds -nisse
ge-rēfa
m reeve
ge-rēnian (geregnian) WII arrange, adorn
* pp gerēnod
ge-reord n speech, language
* ds -reorde
ge-reordung f refection, meal
* as -reordunge
ge-restan WI rest
ge-rihtan WI correct
* opt 3 sg gerihte
ge-rihte n law
* ap gerihta
ge-riht-lǣcan WI direct, correct
* ptc -lǣcende
* pp pl læhte
ge-ripan 1 reap
* pret 3 pl gerypon
ge-risenlīc adj proper, suitable
* ap -līce
* comp as līcre
ge-risenlīce adv suitably, fittingly
* comp -lecor
ge-rȳman WI
* widen, extend (trans)
** pret 3 pl rȳmdon
** pp rȳmed
* open a way (intr)
** pp rȳmed
   [rūm]
ge-rȳne n secret, mystery
* np gerȳnu
   [rūn]
ge-sǣlig adj happy, prosperous, blessed
* ns sǣliga
* np -sǣlige
* comp np -sæligran
   [sǣl; Ger selig]
ge-sæliglīc adj happy, blessed
* np -sǣliglīca
ge-sǣliglīce adv happily
ge-sǣlð f happiness, fortune, prosperity
* gp gesǣlða
* ap gesǣlða
ge-sārgian WII trouble, afflict
* pp as -sārgodne
* pl -sārgode
ge-scēadlīce adv
discriminatingly, wisely
ge-scēadwīs adj discriminating, intelligent, rational, wise
* ns -scēadwīsa
ge-scēadwīsnes f discretion, reason, wisdom
* ds -nysse
ge-sceaft f
* creature, creation
** ds gesceafte
** np gesceafta
* destiny, decree (of fate)
   [scieppan]
ge-sceap n
* creation
** ds gesceape
* destiny
** ap gesceapu
   [scieppan]
ge-sceapenis f creation
* ds -nisse
ge-scendan (-scindan) WI put to shame, confound
* pret 3 sg -scende
* pp -scinded
   [sceond]
ge-sceððan
6 harm, injure (w dat)
* pret 3 sg -scōd
* 3 pl -scōdan
   [Ger schaden]
ge-scieppan (-scippan -scyppan) (principal parts: pret sg:-scōp (-scēop) pret pl:-scōpon (-scēopon_ pp:-sceapen (-scepen, -scæpen) ) create, make
* pret 3 sg -scōp, -scēop
* pp -sceapen
* pl -scæpene
ge-scīnan 1 illuminate (trans)
ge-scindan see:ge-scendan
ge-scipian WII provide with ships
* pp pl gescipode
ge-scyldan WI shield, protect
* opt 3 sg -scylde
* pp -scylded
ge-scyldnis f protection
* as -nysse
ge-scyrpan WI clothe, equip
* pp as -scyrpedne
   [sceorp]
ge-scyrpla m garment
* np -scyrplan
ge-sēcan
WI seek
ge-secgan WIII say, tell
* pret 3 sg -sǣde
* pp -sǣd
ge-seglian WII sail
ge-segnian WII cross oneself
* pret 3 sg -segnode
   [segn]
ge-selda m hall-companion, comrade, retainer
* ap geseldan
ge-sellan
WI give up, yield
* pret 3 pl -sealdon
ge-sēman WI
reconcile
   [Mod seem]
ge-sēon (-sīon) (principal parts: pret sg:-seah pret pl:-sāwon (-sǣgon) pp:-sewen (-sawen -segen) ) see, observe, consider
* inf -sīon
* imp 2 sg -seoh
* pl -sēoð
* sg -sēo
* 2 sg -sihst
* 3 sg -sihð
* 1 pl -sēoð
* opt 2 sg -sēo
* 3 pl -sēon
* pret 2 sg -sāwe
* pp gesegen, gesawen, gesewen
ge-set n seat, habitation
* np gesetu
ge-setnis f foundation, composition, narrative, decree
* ds -nysse
* ap -nyssa
ge-settan WI
* set, place, appoint
** pret 3 sg gesette
** pp geseted
** pl -sette
* compose, write
** pret opt 3 sg -sette
ge-sēðan WI confirm
* pp pl -gesēðde
   [sōð]
ge-sewenlīc adj visible
* np -līca
ge-sīclian WII sicken
* pp gesīcclod
   [sēoc]
ge-siglan WI sail
ge-sihð (-syhð) f seeing, sight, presence
* ds -sihðe, -syhðe
* as -sihðe, -syhðe
ge-singan 3 sing
* pret 3 sg gesang
* pp gesungen
ge-sīon see:ge-sēon
ge-sittan
5 occupy
* pret 3 sg gesæt
* pp as -setenne (sit out)
ge-slēan 6 gain by fighting, win
* pret 3 pl geslōgon
ge-smyrian
WII annoint
ge-somnian (-samnian) WII collecty, assemble (trans)
* pp -samnod
* pl -ode
ge-somnung f collection, assembly
* gs -unga
* ds -unge
ge-sprec n
interview, counsel
ge-standan 6
* stand
** opt 3 sg -stonde
* come upon
** pret 3 sg gestōd
ge-staþelian WII establish, build, confirm
* pret 1 sg -staþelode
* pp -staðelad
ge-stæððig adj steadfast
* ds -stæððegan
ge-steall n establishment, foundation
ge-stīgan 1 ascend (trans)
* 2 sg -stīgest
* pret 3 sg -stāh
ge-stillan
WI
* be still, cease (intr)
** imp 2 sg gestille
** pret 3 sg gestilde
** pl gestildon
* restrain, stop (trans)
** pret opt 3 sg gestilde
ge-stīran (-stīeran, -stȳran) WI direct, restrain (w dat)
* pret opt 3 pl gestīrden
   [stēor]
ge-strangian WII strengthen
* imp 2 sg -stranga
* opt 2 sg -strangie
* pret 2 sg -strangodest
* pp -strangod
ge-strēon n possession, property
* np -strēon
ge-strȳnan (-strīenan) WI (beget), acquire, win, gain
* 3 pl gestrynað
* pret opt 1 sg gestrynde
   [ge-strēon]
ge-sund adj sound, whole, safe
* as -sundne
* np -sunde
ge-sundfull adj sound, whole
* ns -ful
ge-sundfullīce adv safely
* supl -līcost
ge-swǣs adj gentle
ge-sweorean 3
become dark, sad
* opt 3 sg -sweorce
ge-swīcan (principal parts: pret sg:-swāc pret pl:-swicon
pp:-swicen ) 1 cease, leave off (w gen)
* opt 2 pl -swȳcon
* pret opt 3 pl -swicon
ge-swinc n toil, effort, hardship
* gs -suinces, -swinces
* ds -swince
ge-swīns n harmony, melody
ge-swustor (-tru -tra)
f pl tant sisters
* ap geswustra
ge-swutelian (-sweotolian) show, make manifest
* 3 sg -swutelað
* pret 3 sg -swutelode
* pp -swutelod
ge-synto f prosperity
gēt see:gīet
ge-tæcan WI teach, show
* 1 sg getæce
ge-tācnian WII betoken, signify
* pret 3 sg -tācnode
* 3 pl -don
* pp -tācnod
ge-tācnung f signification, token, type
* ds -tācnunge
ge-tæl n number, order, narrative
* ds getele
* as getæl
ge-teld n tent, tabernacle
* ds getelde
ge-tellan WI tell, count, reckon
* pp geteald
ge-tengan WI hasten
* pret 3 sg getengde
ge-tēon (principal parts: pret sg:-tēah pret pl:-tugon pp:-togen ) 2 draw
* 3 sg -tȳhð
* pret 2 sg -tuge
* 3 sg -tēh
* pp pl getogene (instructed)
ge-tēorian WII diminish, fail, become exhausted
* pret 3 sg getēorode
* pp getēorod
ge-timbre n structure, building
* ap -timbro
ge-timbrian WII build
* 3 sg -timbreð
* pret 3 sg -timbrode
ge-tīmian WII happen
* pret 3 sg -tīmode
ge-tīðian WII grant (w dat of pers and gen of thing)
* 3 sg -tīðað
* pret opt 3 pl -tīþodon
* pp -tīþod
ge-toht n
battle
* ds getohte
ge-truma m troop, (military) division
* as -truman
ge-trymman WI prepare, strengthen, confirm
* ptc -trymmende
* pret 1 sg -trymede
* 3 sg -trymde
ge-tȳn
WI instruct
* pp getȳd
ge-ðæf adj (with gen)
favoring, confessing
ge-þafian WII permit, allow, consent to
* ptc -ðafiende
* 3 sg -þafað
* opt 2 sg -þafige
* pret opt 3 sg -ðafode
ge-þafung
f permission, assent
* ds -þafunge
ge-þand m n
thought, purpose
ge-þancian WII thank (w dat of pers and gen of thing)
* 1 sg -þancie
ge-þeaht f n
* thought, purpose
** ds geþeahte
* council, deliberation
ge-þeahtere m councilor
* np -þeahteras
ge-ðencean WI think, take thought
ge-ðēodan WI join, associate
* pret 3 sg -ðēodde
* 3 pl -don
ge-ðēode (-ðīode) n language
* gs -ðēodes (nation)
* as -ðēode, -ðīode
* gp -ðēoda
ge-þēodnis f
association
* ds -nisse
ge-þicgean 5 take, receive
ge-þingian WII plead for
* pret opt 3 sg -þingode
ge-ðingð (ge-ðingðu) f dignity, rank, office
* ds -ðingðe
* as -ðincðu
   [ðingan]
ge-þōht m thought
* ds -þōhte
ge-þolian WII permit, allow
ge-þrang n press, tumult
* ds geþrange
ge-þrȳðan WI strengthen, arm
* pp geþrȳðed
ge-ðungen (pp) adj grown, triven, perfected, competent, excellent, distinguished
* ap -ðungene
* ap ðungnestan
   [ðēon]
ge-þwǣre adj concordant, at peace
ge-ðwǣrian WII make concordant
* 3 sg -ðwǣrað
ge-ðwǣr-lǣcan WI agree to, allow (w dat)
* pret 3 pl -lǣhton
ge-þwǣrnes f agreement, concord, peace
* as -nesse
ge-ðyld
n f patience
* gs -ðylde
   [Ger Geduld]
ge-þyldig
adj patient
ge-þydlīce adv patiently
ge-uferian WII
exalt
* pp geuferod
ge-unnan PP grant (w dat of pers and gen of thing)
* opt 2 sg -unne
ge-un-trumian WII weaken, make ill
* pp geuntrumod
gē-wadan 6 go, advance
* pret 3 sg -wōd
ge-wǣgan WI weigh down, distress
* pp pl gewǣgde
ge-wald (weald) n power, control
ge-wǣpnian WII arm
* pret 3 sg -wǣpnode
ge-wealdan R wield, control (w gen)
* pret 3 sg -wēold
* pp ds gewaldenum
* gewaldenum controllable, inconsiderable, small
ge-wēman WI entice, bring over
ge-wemman WI
defile, impair, destroy
* pret 3 sg -wemde
* pp pl -wemmede
ge-wemmednis
f defilement
* ds -nysse
ge-wemming f
defilement
* ds -wemminge
ge-wendan WI return, go
* pret 3 sg -wende
ge-weorc n
* work, labor
** is -weorce
* military work, fortification
** ds -weorce
ge-weorðan (wurðan) (principal parts: pret sg:-wearð pret pl:-wurdon pp:-worden ) 3
* happen, come to pass, become, be
** 3 sg gewyrð
** 3 pl gewurþað
** opt 3 sg geweorðe
** gewurðe þē and hym let it be between you
* (impers w reflex acc)
** swā swā hine silfne gewyrð according to his own decree
ge-weorðian WII honor
* pp -weorðad
* pl -weorðade
ge-wīcian
WII encamp, dwell
* 3 sg -wīcað
* pret 3 sg -wīcode
* pp -wīcod
ge-wilnian WII desire (w gen and acc)
* opt 3 sg -wilnige
* pret 3 sg -wilnode
ge-wilnung f wish, desire
* ds -unge
* np -unga
ge-win-dæg m
day of strife
* np -dagas
ge-winn n struggle, strife, battle
* gs -winnes
* ds -winne
* as -winn
ge-winnan 3 obtain by fighting, win, gain
* pret 3 pl -wunnon
ge-wiss adj certain of (w gen)
* ns gewis
ge-wissian WII
* inform, instruct, enjoin (w dat)
** pret 3 sg -wissode
* guide, direct (w acc)
ge-wisslīce adv certainly
ge-wita m witness
ge-wītan (principal parts: pret sg:-wāt pret pl:-witon
pp:-witen ) 1
* depart, swerve, fail
** 1 pl -wītað, -wȳtað
** imp 2 sg gewīt
** 2 pl -witað
** opt 3 sg gewīte
** 3 pl -ten
** pp pl gewitene
* depart (from the world), die
** 3 sg gewītt
ge-witenlīc adj transitory
ge-witennis f
departure, death
* gs -witenesse
ge-wītnian WII punish, chastise
* pp pl -wītnode
ge-witt n intelligence, understanding
* gs -wittes
* ds -witte
ge-wlitigian WII beautify, adorn
* pp gewlitigad
ge-wrecan 4 avenge
ge-write n writing, letter, scripture
* gs -writes
* as gewrit
* gp -writa
* ap -writu
ge-wrīðan 1
bind
* pp pl gewryðene
ge-wuldrian WII glorify
* pp gewuldrod
gewuna m habit, custom
* as -wunan
ge-wundian WII wound
* pret 3 sg -wundode
* pp -wundod
ge-wunelīc adj customary
ge-wunian WII
* dwell, remain, live
** opt 3 pl -wunien (cogn acc)
gewyldan WI bring into one's power, subdue
* pp gewyld
   [ge-weald]
ge-wyrc(e)an WI work, make, create
* pret 1 sg -worhte
* pp geworht, geworct
ge-wyrdan WI injure, destroy
ge-wyrdelīc
adj historical
ge-wyrht f n work, deed, desert
ge-wyrman WI
warm
* pp gewyrmed
ge-wyrpan WI recover (from injury or disease)
* pret 3 sg gewyrpte
ge-wyrtian WII season with herbs, spice, perfume
* pp gewyrtad
ge-yrsian WII be angry with (w dat)
gieddian (gyddian)
WII recite, speak
* pret 3 sg gieddade
giedding f
utterance
* ap gieddinga
giefan (gifan gyfan) (principal parts: pret sg:geaf pret pl:gēafon
pp:giefen ) 5 give
* ptc gifende
* 3 sg gifð
gief-stōl m seat of a lord (giving gifts)
* ap giefstōlas
giefu (gifu gyfu) f gift
* ns gifu
* ds gife, giefe
* as gife, giefe, gyfe
* gp gifena, gyfena, geofena, geofona
gielp (gilp gylp) m n
boasting, arrogance, pride
* ns gilp
* gs gielpes
* ds gylpe
gielpan (gylpan) 2 boast (w gen)
* inf gylpan
gielt (gilt gylt) m guilt, offence, sin
* ds gylte
* ap gieltas, gyltas
gīeman (gȳman gēman) WI care for, observe, regard (w gen)
* 3 sg gȳmð
* pret 3 sg gēmde, gȳmde
* 3 pl gȳmdon
* pret opt 3 sg gȳmde
gīemen (gȳmen) f care, oversight, responsibility
* gs gīemenne
gīet (gīt gȳt gēt gīta gȳta) adv yet, besides, further, still
gif conj if
gīfernes f greediness
* gs -nesse
gīfre
adj greedy
gifu see:giefu
gilp see:gielp
gilt see:gielt
gimm (gymm) m gem
* ns gim
* ds gimme
* gp gimma
gim-stān m precious stone, gem
* np -stānas
* gp -stāna
* ap -stānas
gin-fæst (ginn-) adj ample, liberal
gīo (gēo gīu gȳu īu īo) adv formerly, before, of old
* īu ǣr
* ðā gȳu already
* gȳt ... gū yet of old
giond see:geond
gīsel (gȳsel)
m hostage
* ns gȳsel
* ds gīsle
* ap gīslas
   [Ger Geisel]
git see:ðū
gīt
see:gīet
gītsian WII desire
* ptc dp gītsigendum
glæd adj glad, happy, bright, shining
* ds glædum, gladum
* as glædne
* supl ns gladost
glædlīce adv gladly
glæd-mōd adj glad-hearted
* np -mōde
glǣm m gleam, splendor
glæs n glass
glēaw
adj wise, prudent
* np glēawe
Glēaw-ceaster f
Gloucester
* ds -ceastre
glēaw-mōd adj wise, sagacious
gleng m f ornament
* np glengeas
* ap glengas
glengan WI adorn
* 3 sg glengeð
glēowian WII be merry, jest
* ptc glēowiende
glīdan (principal parts: pret sg:glād pret pl:glidon pp:gliden ) 1 glide
glīw (glīg glēo)
n glee, mirth
* ds glīwe
glīw-stæf m
joy
* dp glīwstafum
gnornian WII mourn, lament
* ptc gnorngende
God m God
* gs Godes
* ds Gode
* np godo
* gp goda
* ap godu
gōd adj good
* ns good
* as gōd, gōde, gōdan
* np goode
* gp gōdra, gōdena
* comp ns betera (bettera), betra, betere, betre
* supl ns betsta
* supl is bestan
* supl np betstan
gōd n
* benefit
** ds goode
** as good
** gp gooda, gōda
* goods, possessions
God-bearn n Son of God
* gs -bearnes
god-cund adj divine
* gs -cundre
* ds -cundre
* np -cundan
* gp -cundra
* dp -cundan
god-cundlīc adj divine
* gs -līcan
* as -līce
god-cundlīce adv divinely
god-cundnis f
divine nature, divinity
* gs -nesse
* ds -nysse
* as -nesse
gōd-dǣd f good deed
Godmundinga-hām m
Goodmanham (Bernicia)
god-spell n gospel
* ds -spelle
* as -spel
god-spellere m evangelist
* ns -spellere
* np -spelleras
god-spellīc adj evangelical
* ds -spellīcan
god-sunu m god-son
god-webb n
purple (cloth)
* as godweb
* ds -webbe
gold
n gold
* gs goldes
* ds golde
gold-fæt n golden vessel
* ds -fate
gold-hord
n m treasure
gold-smið m goldsmith
* np -smiðas
gold-wine m (gold-friend), treasure giver, lord
gomol adj old
* ns gomel
   [*ga-mǣl]
gong (gang) m path, course
* as gang, gong
gongan (gangan, gengan) R go, walk, advance, march
* ptc gongende, gangænde
* imp 2 sg gang
* opt 2 pl gangon
Got-land n Jutland, Gothland (island in the Baltic sea)
grǣdelīce see:grǣdiglīce
grǣdig
adj greedy
* as grǣdigne
grǣdiglīce (grǣdelīce) adv
greedily
grǣg adj gray
* is grǣgan
* as grǣge
gram adj grim, angry, fierce, cruel
* np grame
* ap graman
grama m anger, wrath
* gs graman
grānung f groaning
græs-wong m
grassy plain
* ds -wonge
Grēcisc adj Greek
grēne adj green
* np grēne
* ap grēnan
grēot n gravel, sand, earth
* gs grēotes
* ds grēote
* as grēot
grētan WI
greet
* 3 sg grēteð, grēt
* opt 3 sg grēte
* pret 3 sg grētte
grimm adj fierce, cruel
* ap grimme
grimme (grymme) adv grimly
grindan 3 grind, sharpen
* pp pl gegrundene
grið n peace
   [ON grið]
grōwan (principal parts: pret sg:grēow pret pl:grēwon pp:grōwen ) R grow
* opt 3 sg grōwe
grund m ground, bottom, earth, country, world
* ds grunde
* as grund
* ap grundas
grundlunga adv
from the foundation, completely
gryre-lēoð n song of terror
* gp -lēoða
gū-dǣd (īu-dǣd) f former deed
* gp -dǣda
guma m man, hero
* np guman
* gp gumena
gūð f battle
* gs gūþe
   [cf Mod gon-falon]
gūð-freca m warrior, valiant one
* ds -frecan
gūð-hafoc m war-hawk
gūð-plega m war-play, battle
gūð-rinc m warrior
gyden f goddess
* ap gydena
   [god]
gyft (gift gieft) f (technically) marriage payment, dowry
* pl marriage
   [Mod gift]
gyfl n food
gyfu see:giefu
gyldan (gieldan) 3 pay, requite
* 3 sg gylt, gilt
* 3 pl gyldað
gylden adj golden
* ds gyldenum
* dp gyldnum
gylp, gylpan see:gielp, gielpan
gylp-word n boastful word
* dp -wordum
gylt see:gielt
gȳman see:gīeman
gȳme-lēast (gīeme-lēast, -līest)
f neglect
* ds -lēaste
gym-stān see:gim-stān
gym-wyrhta m (gem-wright), jeweller
* np -wyrhtan
gyrd f rod, twig
* gp gyrda
* ap gyrda
gyrdan WI gird
* pret 3 sg gyrde
gyrela m robe, dress, garment
gyrn m f sorrow, misfortune
* is gyrne
gyrnan WI yearn, desire, be eager, strive
* 3 sg gyrneð
   [georn]
gyst (giest) m guest, stranger
* np gystas
gyt see:ðū
gȳt, gȳta see:gīet
gȳtsere m miser
gȳtsung f avarice
* gs gȳtsunge
   [gītsian]

## H

habban WIII
have
* ger habbanne, hæbbenne
* 1 sg hæbbe
* 2 sg hafast, hæfst
* 3 sg hafað, hæfð
* 1 pl habbað
* opt 1 sg hæbbe
* opt 3 pl hæbben
* pret 3 sg hæfde
* pret 3 pl hæfdon
see:(see næbban)
hād m condition, rank, office
* gs hādes
* ds hāde
* as hād
* np hādas
* gp hāda
   [Mod -hood]
hādor adj bright, clear
   [Ger heiter]
hǣdre adv
clearly (light or sound)
hādung f ordination
* ds -unge
hafenian WII raise, lift up
* pret 3 sg hafenode
   [hebban]
hafoc m hawk
hæftan WI seize, bind, make captive
* pp pl gehæfte
hæfting f captivity
* as hæftinga
hægel (hægl hagol) m hail
* ns hægl
* gs hægles
* is hagle
hægl-faru
f hail-storm
* as -fare
hāl adj
hale, whole, sound, uninjured
* ds hālum
* np hāle
hǣl (hālor)
n welfare, salvation
Hǣlend m Saviour, Christ
* ds Hǣlende, Hǣlendum
* as Hǣlende
hālettan WI greet, salute
* pret 3 sg hālette
hæleð (hæle) m man, hero, warrior
* ns hæle
* np hæleð
* gp hæleða
   [Ger Held]
hālga
m saint
* np hālgan
* gp hālgena
hālgian WII hallow, consecrate
* pret 1 pl hālgodon
Hālgo-land
n Halgoland (a district of ancient Norway)
hālig adj holy
* ns hāliga
* gs hālgan
* ds hālgan
* as hālig
* gp hāligra, hālegra
* is hālgestan (saints)
hālignes f holiness, religion
* gs -nesse
hǣlo (hǣlu) f salvation
* gs hǣle
* ds hǣle
* as hǣle, hǣlo
hals (heals)
m neck
   [Ger Hals]
hālsian WII greet, address, entreat, implore
* 1 sg hālsige
* pret 3 sg hālsode
   [hāl]
hālsung f
entreaty
* ds -unge
hālwende adj salutary
hām m home
* ds hāme, hām
* ap hāmas
* adv hām
hamor m hammer
* gp hamora
Hām-tūn-scīr (-scȳr) f Hampshire
* ds -scīre
hām-weard adv homewards
hām-weardes adv
homewards
han-crēd m cock-crowing (a division of the night)
* ds -crēde
hand see:hond
hand-bred n palm of the hand
hand-ge-weorc n handiwork
* ds -weorce
hand-plega
m hand-play or encounter, fighting
* gs -plegan
hār adj
hoary, gray, old
* ns hāra
hara m hare
hærfest m harvest, autumn
* ds -feste
   [Ger Herbst]
hǣs f behest, command
* gs hǣse
   [hātan]
haso adj dark, dusky
* ns haswa
haso-pād (hasu-) adj having a gray coat (of an eagle)
* as -pādan
haswig-feðre
adj dusky-feathered
* ns -feðra
hāt adj
hot, fervid
* ds hātan
* np hāte
hātan
(principal parts: 3 sg pres:heht pret sg:hēt,hātte pret pl:hēton pp:hāten ) R
* order, command
** 1 sg hāte
** 3 sg hāteð
** pret 3 sg heht, heht, hēt
* name
** 3 sg hǣt
** 1 pl ha-tað
* passive hātte: be called, hight
** pl hātene
hāte adv
hotly
* supl hātost
hāt-heort adj hot of heart, passionate
hāt-heorte f hot heart, anger
* ds -heortan
hatian WII hate
* 3 sg hatað
* imp 2 pl hatiað
* opt 3 sg hatige
hǣtu (hǣto) f heat
hǣðen
adj heathen
* ns hǣþena
* np hǣþene, hǣþnan
* gp -enra
hǣðen-gyld n idolatry
hǣðen-gylda m
idolater
* np -gyldan
* dp -gyldum
hǣen-scipe
m heathendom, idolatry
Hǣðum (æt Hǣðum) Haddeby (now Schleswig)
* ns æt Hǣðum
* ds (of) Hǣðum, (tō)
hē (hēo hit) 3d pers pron he, she, it, pl they
* m ns hē
* m gs his
* m ds him
* m as hine
* f ns hēo, hīo
* f ds hire
* n ns hit
* n gs his
* np hīe, hī, hȳ, hēo
* gp hiera, hira, hyra, heora, hiora
* dp him, heom
* as hīe, hī, hēo
hēaf m f n mourning, lamentation
heafela (heafola) m
head
* np heafelan
hēafod n head
* gs hēafdes
* ds hēafde
* as hēafod
* is hēafde
* ap hēafdu
hēafod-burh f chief city, metropolis
hēafod-monn m chief man
* ap -menn
hēah adj high
* ns hēa, hēah
* gs hēan
* ds hēan
* as hēahne, hēanne, hēane, hēa
* comp ns hērra
* comp ds hīerran
* comp as hȳrran
* comp np hīerran
* supl ns hēhste
* supl gs hīehstan, hēhstan
hēah-cyning m high king, God
hēah-dīacon m archdeacon
* np -dīaconas
hēah-engel m archangel
* ds -engle
hēah-fæder
m patriarch
* ds -fædere
* np -fæderas
hēah-ge-rēfa m high reeve, chief officer
* ds -gerēfan
hēah-mōd
adj proud
hēah-seld (-setl) n high seat, throne
* ds -setle
* as -seld
hēah-setl see:hēah-seld
hēah-ðungen
pp adj highly prospered, of high rank
* np -ðungene
healdan (principal parts: pret sg:hēold
pret pl:hēoldon pp:healden ) R hold, possess, preserve, regard, observe
* ger healdanne, -enne
* opt 2 sg healde
* pret 2 sg hēolde
* pret 3 pl hīoldan
* pret opt 1 pl hēoldan
* pret opt 3 pl hēoldon
healf f half, part, side
* as healfe
* is healfe
* ap healfe
* ds healfe
* gp healfa
* on heora healfe on their own part only
* on healfa gehwām on every side
healf adj half
* ds healfum
* np healfe
* as healf gēar
* ds ōðrum healfum lǣs þe a year and a half less than
* gs bynnan fēorðan healfes dæges fæce see:(see fēorðan)
hēalic adj high, exalted, glorious
* ds -līcum
heall f hall
* ds healle
healt adj halt, lame
* ap healte
hēan
adj low, mean, abject, depressed, humbled
* ds hēanan
   [Ger Hohn]
hēanlīc
adj ignominious
hēannis f height, highness, excellence
* as -nesse
hēap m heap, crowd, multitude
heard adj hard, severe, cruel, intrepid, brave
* gs heardes
* ds heardum
* comp
* ns heardra
heardlīce adv stoutly, bravely
heardnis f
hardness
* as -nysse
hearm m harm, injury, grief
* gp hearma
hearm adj harmful, hostile
* gp hearmra
hearpe f harp
* ds hearpan
hearpere m harper
* gs hearperes
* ds hearpere
hearpian WII harp
* pret 3 sg hearpode
hearpung f harping
* ds -unga
hearra m lord
   [Ger Herr]
hēarsum (hȳrsum) adj
obedient (w dat)
heaðerian WII restrain
* 3 sg heaðerað
heaðo-lind f war-linden, shield
* ap -linde
heaðo-rōf adj famed in battle
* gs -rōfes
hēawan (principal parts: pret sg:hēow pret pl:hēowon pp:hēawen ) R hew, cut, cut down, kill (trans and intr)
* imp 2 pl hēawað
hebban (principal parts: pret sg:hōf pret pl:hōfon pp:hafen,hæfen ) 6
heave, raise, lift up
* 3 sg hefeð
* 3 pl hebbað
hefig
adj heavy, oppressive
* dp hefegum
* comp
* np hefigran
hefigian WII oppress
* pp hefgad
hefignes f heaviness, weight
* as -nesse
hefig-tīme adj oppressive, irksome
helan 4 conceal
   [ger hehlen]
hell f hell
* gs helle
helle-sūsl n hell-torment
* ds -sūsle
hellīc
adj hellish
* ds -an
hell-sceaða m
hell-fiend
* np helsceaðan
hell-waran (-ware, -waras) m pl inhabitants of hell
* gp -wara
help f help
* as helpe
helpan (principal parts: pret sg:healp pret pl:hulpon pp:holpen ) 3
help (w gen or dat)
* opt 3 sg helpe
hēo see:hē
heofon (heofone, f) m heaven
* gs heofenes, heofones, heofenan, heofonan
* as heofon, heofenan (or ap)
* gp heofena
* ap heofonas
heofon-cyning
m King of heaven
* gs -cyninges
Heofon-feld m
Heavenfield (Bernicia)
heofon-hrōf n roof or vault of heaven
* ds heofunhrōfe
heofonlīc adj heavenly
* ns heofenlīc, heofenlīca
* gs -līcan, lecan
* ds -līcan
* as -līce
* is -lecan
heofon-rīce n kingdom of heaven
* gs -rīces
heofon-tungol n m star of heaven
hēofung f lamentation, grieving
* ds -unge
heolstor (heolster) m darkness, concealment, cover
* ns heolster
* is heolstre
heolstor-cofa m chamber of darkness
* np -cofan
heonon adv hence
heonon-weard
adj hence-ward, passing away
heord f guardianship, keeping, care
* as heorde
heoro-drēorig adj dejected, crestfallen, sad unto death
* gs -drēoriges
   [heoro sword, drēosan]
heort (heorot) m hart, stag
heorte f heart
* gs heortan
heorð-ge-nēat m hearth-companion, retainer
* np -genēatas
heorð-werod n body of hearth-companions, retainers
heow n (?)
haw, enclosure
   [haga]
hēr adv
* here
* in this year
here m army (the Danish army)
* gs herges
* ds herige
* as here
* is herige
* np hergas
   [Ger Heer]
here-flȳma m fugitive from the army or from battle
* ap -flȳman
here-geatu f war-equipment, arms
   [cf Mod heriot]
here-hȳð
f war-spoil, booty
* as -hȳð
* ds -hȳðe
* ap -hȳða
here-lāf f remainder of an army
herenis f
praise
* ds -nesse, -nisse
here-toga m leader of an army, chief
   [Ger Herzog]
here-wīc f n dwelling
hergað m harrying, plundering
hergian WII harry, ravage, plunder
* 3 pl hergiað
* pret 3 sg hergode
* pl -on
* pp gehergod
   [here]
herian (herigean) WI praise
* inf herigean
* 1 sg herige
* 1 pl heriað
* 3 pl hergað
   [Goth hasjan]
herig (hearh)
m (idolatrous) temple, sanctuary
* ds herige
* as herig
* ap hergas
herigendlīce adv praiseworthily
heriung (herung) f
praise
* ds herunge
hērsumian see:hȳrsumian
hettend m enemy
* np hettend, hettende
hicgan
see:hycgan
hider (hieder) adv hither
* hidres ðidres hither and thither
hider-cyme m coming hither, advent
hīeran (hīran, hȳran, hēran) WI
* hear
** pret 3 sg hīerde
** 1 pl hȳrdon
* hear, obey (w dat)
** inf hȳran
** pret 1 sg hȳrde
* belong
** 3 sg hȳrð
** 3 pl hȳrað
hierde (hirde, hyrde) m shepherd, pastor, guardian, guard
* ns hirde, hyrde
* np hierdas, hyrdas
* dp hirdum, hyrdon
* ap hierdas, hyrdas
   [heord]
hierde-bōc f pastoral treatise
hīere-monn m follower, subject
* np -menn
   [hīeran]
hige see:hyge
hīgian WII hie, hasten, strive
hild f battle, war
* ds hilde
hilde-rinc m warrior
hindan adv
from behind, behind
hindan-weard adj hindward
hinder-weard adj backward, slow
hiord (heord) f herd, flock
hirde- see:hierde-
hierde-lic (hirde-, hyrde-) adj pastoral
* gs hirdelecan
hīrēd
m n family, household
* ds hīrēde
   [<hīw + rǣd; Ger Heirat]
hīrēd-monn
m retainer
* np -men
hit see:hēo
hīw (hēo) n hue, appearance
* gs hīwes, hȳwes
* ds hīwe, hȳwe
* is hīwe
hladan (principal parts: pret sg:hlōd pret pl:hlōdon
pp:hladen ) 6 load, draw water, lade, imbibe
hlǣder f ladder
* as hlǣdre
hlāf m loaf, bread
hlāford m
lord, master, ruler
* ds hlāforde
   [<hlāf + weard]
hlāford-lēas adj
without a lord
hlǣw m n mound, hill, mountain
* np hlǣwas
hlēapan R leap
* pret 3 sg hlēop
hlēo (hlēow)
* n protection, shelter
* m protector, lord
hleonian (hlinian, hlynian)
WII lean, incline, slope
* 3 sg hleonað
* opt 3 pl hlynigen recline (at a feast)
hlēoðor n sound, harmony, song
* gs hlēoðres
* gp hlēoþra
hlēoðor-cwide m (audible) utterance, command
hlēoðrian WII cry aloud, proclaim, sing
* 3 pl hlēoðriað
hlīfigan WII tower, rise high
* 3 pl hlīfiað
hlihhan (hliehhan, hlyhhan) 6 laugh
* pret 3 sg hlōh
hlinc m declivity, hill
* np hlincas
hlīsa m fame, renown
* gs hlīsan
* hlīsfullīce, adv with renown, famously
hlot n lot
hlōð f band, troop
hlūd adj loud
* ds hlūddre
* is hlūde (or adv)
hlūtor (hlūttor) adj
clear, pure
* ns hlūttor
* ds hlūttrum
* as hlūter
* is hlūttre
* ap hlūtor
   [Ger lauter]
hlyn
m sound
hlynian see:hleonian
hlyst f
listening
hnæppan WI rest upon, strike
* opt 3 pl hnæppen
hof n court, dwelling
* ds hofe
   [Ger Hof]
hogian WII think, reflect, resolve
* imp 2 pl hogiað
* pret 3 sg hogode
* 3 pl -on
* pret opt 3 sg hogode
* pp gehogod
hold adj gracious, favorable, faithful
* as holdost
   [Ger hold]
holm m sea, ocean
holm-þracu f wave-tumult, sea
* as -þræce
holt n holt, grove, forest, wood
* gs holtes
holt-wudu m forest, grove
* ds -wuda
hōn (principal parts: pret sg:hēng pret pl:hēngon pp:hongen ) R hang (trans)
* pp gehongen laden
* pl gehongene
hond (hand) f hand
* ds honda, handa
* as hond, hand
* on gehwæþre hond on both sides
* dp handum, handon
hongian WII hang (intr)
* inf hangian
* 3 pl hongiað
hopian WII hope
* opt 1 pl hopien
hord n m hoard, treasure
hord-cofa m (treasure-chamber), breast, heart
* as -cofan
hordian WII hoard
* 3 sg hordað
horn m horn
* np hornas
hors n horse
* gp horsa
* dp horsan
* ap hors
hors-hwæl m walrus
hors-þegn m horse-thane, an officer of the royal household
hosp m contempt, insult
* ds hospe
hrā (hrāw, hrǣ, hrǣw) m corpse
* ap hrā
   [Goth hraiw]
hræd adj rapid, quick
* ds hrædum
* is hræde
   [Ger hurtig, rasch]
hrædlīce (hradlīce) adv
quickly, soon
* comp hrædlīcor
hræd-wyrde adj quick, hasty of speech
hræfn (hremm) m raven
* np hremmas
hrægel (hrægl) n garment
* ds hrægle
* as hrægl
   [Mod obs rail]
hrān m reindeer
* gs hrānes
hraðe (hrade, hræðe, raðe) adv quickly, soon
* supl radost
hrā-wērig adj weary in body
hrēam m cry, noise, clamor, lamentation
hrēman see:hrȳman
hrēmig adj exultant (w gen or dat)
* ns hrēmig
* np hrēmige, hremge
hremm see:hræfn
hremman WI hinder
* opt pret 3 sg hremde
hrēo (hrēoh) adj rough, rude, savage, fierce, severe
* ns hrēoh
* as hrēoge
* gp hrēora
hrēodan (principal parts: pret sg:hrēad pret pl:hrudon pp:gehroden )
2 adorn
hrēofla m leper
* ap hrēoflan
   [hrēof, rough]
hrēohnes f roughness
* ds -nesse
hrēosan (principal parts: pret sg:hrēas pret pl:hruron pp:hroren ) 2 fall
* ptc hrēosende
* 3 pl hrēosað
hrēowan 2
rue, repent of
hrēowsung f repentance
* ds -unge
hrepian WII touch, treat
* 3 sg hrepað
* pret 3 sg hrepode
hrēran WI stir
   [Ger ruehren]
hreðer
m n heart, thought
* gp hreþra
hrīm m
rime, hoarfrost
* gs hrīmes
* as hrīm
* is hrīme
hrīm-ceald adj rime-cold
* as -cealde
hrīnan (principal parts: pret sg:hrān pret pl:hrinon pp:hrinen ) 1 touch, smite
hring m ring, circle; border; ornaments
* ds is hringe
* as hrincg
* ap hringas
hring-loca m corslet (formed of rings)
* ap -locan
hrīð f(?) snow-storm
hrōf m
roof
* gs hrōfes
* ds hrōfe
Hrōfes-ceaster
f Rochester
* ds -ceastre
hrūse f
earth
* gs hrūsan
hrycg m ridge, back
hrȳman (hrīeman, hrēman) WI cry out, lament, exult, boast (w gen)
* inf hrēman
* ptc hrȳmende
hryre m fall, death
* gs hryres (?)
   [hrēosan]
hrȳðer (hrīðer, hrīð) n cattle
* gp hrȳðera
   [Mod rother beasts; Ger Rind]
hryðig adj storm-beaten (?), tottering (?)
* np hryðge
hū adv how
Humbre f the Humber
hund m dog
* np hundas
hund num hundred
* ap hunde
hund-feald
adj hundredfold
* as -fealdne
hund-eahtatig
num eighty
hund-nigontig num ninety
hund-twelftig num
hundred and twenty
* gs -twelftiges
hungor (hunger) m hunger, famine
* gs hungres
* ds hungre
* as hunger
* is hungre
* ap hungras
hunig n honey
hunig-swe-te adj honey-sweet, mellifluous
* ds -swēttre
hunta m hunter
* np huntan
huntoð (huntað)
m hunting
* ds huntoðe
huru adv
certainly, indeed, especially, perhaps, about
hūs n house
* ds hūse
* as hūs
* np hūs
hūsl n housle, eucharist
* gs hūsles
* as hūsl
hūsl-gang m
attendance upon, or partaking of, the eucharist
hwā (hwæt) pron
* (interr) who, what
** ns hwā, huā, hwæt
** gs hwæs
** ds hwām
** as hwæt
** ds tō hwǣm, for hwǣm wherefore
** is hwī, hwȳ, for hwī, for hwȳ, for hwon, for hwan why, wherefore
** hwæt, interj what! lo! behold!
* (indef) anyone, anything
** ns hwā, hwæt
** swā hwā swā whosoever
** ds hwǣm
** as hwæne someone
** swā hwæt swā whatsoever
** tō ðæs hwon however
hwæl m whale
* gs hwales, hwæles
* np hwalas
hwæl-hunta m whale-fisher
* np -huntan
hwæl-huntað m whale-fishing
hwanan see:hwonan
hwænne see:hwonne
hwǣr (hwār) adv
* (interr) where, wherever
* (indef) everywhere, anywhere
** wel hwǣr nearly everywhere
** swā hwǣr swā wheresoever
hwæt see:hwā
hwǣte m
wheat
hwæt-hwugu (-hwegu)
* pron something
* adv somewhat
hwæðer pron adj
* (interr) whether, which of two
** as hwæðerne, hwæðer
* (indef)
** ds bī swā hwaþerre efes swā on whichever side
hwæðer conj adv whether
hwæðre (hwæðere, hwæþere) adv however, nevertheless
hwearfian WII turn, revolve, move (intr)
* ptc hwearfiende
* 3 sg hwearfað
* 3 pl hwearfiað
hwelc see:hwilc
hwēne see:hwōn
hwēol n wheel
* gs hwēoles
* np hwēol
hweorfan (principal parts: pret sg:hwearf
pret pl:hwurfon pp:hworfen ) 3 turn, return, move, go, come (intr)
* 3 sg hwerfð
* 3 pl hweorfað
* imp 2 pl hweorfað
hwider (hwæder) adv whither
* swā hwider swā whithersoever
hwierfan (hwirfan, hwyrfan) WI turn, return (intr)
* ptc hwyrfende
* 2 sg hwyrfest
* imp 2 sg hwyrf
* pret 3 sg hwirfde
* 3 pl hwirfdon
hwīl f while, time
* ds hwīle
* ðā hwīle ðe the while that, while
* ealle hwīle all the while
* ealle ðā hwīle þe all the while that
* ōðre hwīle ... ōðre hwīle at one time ... at another time
* dp hwīlum, hwīlon sometimes
hwilc (hwylc, hwelc) pron adj which, what (interr or indef)
* ds hwilcere, hwlcum
* as hwylc
* np hwilce, hwylce, hwelce, hwelc
* ns swā hwelc swā whosoever
hwīl-wende adj temporary, transitory
* ap l-wendan
hwīl-wendlīc (wīl-, -endlīc)
adj temporary, transitory
* ns hwīlendlīc
* gs wīlwendlīces
* as -līcan
* dp wīlwendlecum
hwylc see:hwilc
hwīl-wendlīce adv temporarily
hwirfan see:hwierfan
hwīt
adj white
* gs hwītes
* as hwīt
hwōn n trifle
* as (adv) hwōn
* is hwēne (adv) a little, somewhat
hwonan (hwanan) adv whence
hwōnlīce adv moderately, slightly
hwonne (hwanne, hwænne) adv when (interr or indef)
* nū hwonne just now, at any time
hwōpan R (boast), threaten
hwylc
see:hwilc
hwyrfan see:hwierfan
hycgan (hicgan) WIII think, resolve
* inf hicgan
* opt 3 sg hycge
hȳd
f hide
* ds hȳde
hyge (hige)
m mind, heart
* ns hige
* ds hige
* is hige
hyge-gǣls adj hesitating, slow, sluggish
* ns -gǣlsa
   [gǣlan]
hyht (hiht) m hope
* ns hiht
hyhtlīce adv joyfully
hyldo f grace, favor
   [hold]
hynan (hīenan, hēnan) WI treat with insult, despise, injure, lay low, fell
* pret 3 sg hȳnde
   [hēan]
hȳran see:hieran
hyrde see:hierde
hyrne f corner
* ds hyrnan
* np hyrnan
   [horn]
hyrned-nebb adj having a horny beak
* as -nebban
hȳrsumian (hērsumian) WII obey (w dat)
* 1 pl hērsumiað
* 3 pl hȳrsumiað
* pret 3 pl hērsumedon
hyse
m young man, warrior
* gs hysses
* np hyssas
* gp hyssa

## I

ic first pers pron I
* gs min
* ds mē
* as mec (mē)
* dual nom wit, wyt
* dual gen uncer (twēga)
* dual dat unc (bām)
* dual acc unc
* np we
* gp ūre
* dp ūs
* ap ūsic, ūs
īdel (ȳdel) adj idle, vain, useless, empty, desolate
* ns ȳdel
* gs īdles
* ds īdelum
* as īdlan
* np īdlan, idlu
* on idel adv, in vain
idig (?) adj
greedy (?)
* np idge
ieldra see:yldra
ierming (earming) m poor, wretched one
* gp ierminga
īeðian (yðian)
WII fluctuate
* ptc ieðegende
iggað (īgað, īgeoþ, īgott) m
eyot, small island
* ds igeoðe
* as iggað
īg-lond
n island
* ds iglande
* as igland
* np igland
* gp -landa
ilca (ylca) pron the same
* ns ylca, ilce
* gs ilcan
* ds ilcan
* as ilcan, ilce
* is ilcan, ylcan
Ilfing the Elbing
in prep w acc dat; adv in, into
in-bryrdnis f inspiration, ardor
* as -nisse, -nesse
inca m scruple, offence, ill-will
* ds incan
incer dual poss pron of you two
* as incre
in-cund adj inward
* ds incundan
in-dryhten adj very noble
in-dryhto f honor, glory
in-fær n entrance
in-ge-hīd (-hygd) f thought, purpose
in-ge-ðonc m n thought, mind
* is -ðonce
in-gong
m entrance
* gs -ganges
* ds -gonge
* as -gong
in-gongan R go in
* ptc -gongende
innan
* prep (w dat, acc) in, within
* adv
innan-bordes (gen) adv within borders, at home
inne adv
within, inside, in
intinga m cause, sake, occasion
in-tō [(cf. in and tō)] prep (w dat and acc)
into, to, against
in-weard adj inward, earnest; adv within
* ds -weardre
in-weardlīce adv inwardly, deeply
in-wit (in-wid) n guile, wickedness
in-wit (in-widd) adj hateful, malign
* ns inwitta
īo
see:gio
īowan (ēowan, īewan) WI show, expound
īra-land (īr-land) n
* Ireland
** ds Irlande
* (probably an error for Iceland)
īren (īsen, īsern) n iron
irnan see:yrnan
is see:beon
īs n ice
* ds īse
īsen (ȳsen, īsern, īren) adj iron, made of iron
* ap ȳsenan
īu see:gīo
Iūdēas n pl the Jews
Iūdēisc adj Jewish
* np Jūdēiscan
iugoð see:geogoð
iung see:geong

## L

lā interj lo! behold!
* hwæt lā
* wēi lā wēi alas!
lāc n present, offering, sacrifice
* ds lāce
* as lāc
* ap lāc
   [cf. Mod wed-lock]
lācan (principal parts: 3 sg pres:leolc
pret sg:lēc pret pl:lēcon pp:lācen ) R leap, play, sport
* 3 pl lācað
lǣce m leech, physician
* ds lǣce
* np lǣcas, lǣceas
* ap lǣcas
lǣce-dōm m medicine, remedy
lācnian WII treat with medical skill, cure
* 3 sg lācnað
lǣdan WI lead, conduct, bring
* 2 sg lǣdest
* 3 sg lǣt
* opt 3 sg lǣde
* pret 3 sg lǣdde
* pret 3 pl -on
Lǣden (Leden, Lyden) adj Latin
* ns Lēden
* gs Lēdenes
* ds Lǣdene, Lēdenum, Lēdene
* as Lǣden, Lȳden
Lǣden-bōc (Lyden-)
f Latin book
Lǣden-ge-ðēode (-ðiode) n Latin language
* gs -ðīodes
* as -ðīode
Lǣden-ware pl m Latin people, Romans
lāf f remnant, remainder
* daroða lāf leavings of darts, survivors of battle
* gs lāfe inheritance
* ds tō lāf remaining
* as wyrmes lāfe
* swoles lāfe: survival of the burning;
* ādes lāfe
* fȳres lāfe
* dp hamora lāfum leavings of hammers, swords
lǣfan WI leave
* pret 3 sg lǣfde
* pret 3 pl -don
lagu (lago)
m sea, lake, water
   [Ger Lache]
lagu-flōd m ocean-flood, sea
* gp -floda
lagu-lād f ocean-way, sea
* as -lade
lagu-strēam m ocean-stream, sea, river
* np -strēamas
Lǣ-land n Laaland (Denmark)
lām m loam, clay
* is lāme
lǣn n loan
* ds lǣne
   [Ger Lehen]
land see:lond
land-ār
f possessions in land
* ap -āre
lǣne adj
granted as a loan, temporary, transitory, perishable
* gs lǣnan
* as lǣnne
* np lǣne
lane (lone, lonu) f lane, street
* ap lonan, lanan
Langa-land n Langeland (Denmark)
langian WII cause longing (impers w acc of pers)
langsum adj long, lasting a long time
* gs -suman
* ds -sumum
langung f longing, grief
* ds -unga
lār f lore, teaching, learning, doctrine, advice
* gs lāre
* ds lāre
* as lāre
* ap lāra
lār-cwide
m precept, instruction
lǣran WI teach, advise, exhort
* ger lǣranne
* ptc lǣrende
* 1 sg lǣre
* 3 sg lǣrð, lǣreð
* 3 pl lǣrað
* opt 3 sg lǣre
* pp lǣred, gelǣred
lārēow
m teacher
* gs lārēowes
* as lārēow
* np lārēowas
* gp lārēowa
* ap lārēowas
   [ON lēro, lēreo]
lārēow-dōm (lārīow-) m instruction
* gs -dōmes, lārīow-
* ds lārīowdōme
* as -dom
lǣrig m edge, border (of a shield)
lǣs comp adv less
* þe lǣs the less
* þe lǣs conj lest (w opt)
* þy lǣs conj lest (w opt)
* þi lǣs conj lest (w opt)
lǣssa comp adj less
* ns lǣsse
* ds lǣssan
* as lǣsse, lǣssan
* supl lǣst
* supl ns lǣsta; lǣsste
lǣst see:lǣssa
lāst m track, footprint
* ds on lāste: behind
* as on lāst lecgan: follow
* ap lāstas lecgan: go
lǣtan (principal parts: 3 sg pres:leort pret sg:let pret pl:leton
pp:lǣten ) R let, allow, leave
* 3 sg lǣt
* 3 pl lǣtað (place)
* imp 2 sg lǣt
late adv late, tardily, slowly
lāþ
n injury, misfortune
* gs lāþes
lāð adj
loathly, hateful, hostile
* ds lāðere
* np lāðe
* gp lāðra
* comp as lādre
lāð-ge-nīðla m (hostile) persecutor, foe
lāð-līc adj loathsome
* ns -līco
lǣðð (lǣððu)
f injury, offence, malice
lǣwede adj unlearned, lay
* ds lǣwedan, -um (for -an)
   [Mod lewd]
lēaf n leaf
lēaf-scead n
leafy shade
* ds -sceade
leahtor m moral defect, offence, crime
* ds leahtre
* ap leahtras
   [lēan: to blame]
lēan
m n reward, gift, favor
* ds lēane
* gp lēana
   [Ger Lohn]
lēanian WII reward, recompense (w dat of pers and acc of thing)
lēas adj
* loose, free from, bereft of (w gen)
** np lēase
* false, deceptive
** ap lēase
lēasung f deception, falsehood
* gs -unge
* ap -unga
leccan
WI irrigate, lave
* 3 pl leccaþ
   [liccian: to lick]
lecgan
WI lay, put
* imp 2 sg lege
* opt 3 sg lecge
* inf lāstas lecgan: go, journey
* pret 3 pl on lāst legdon: follow (w dat)
   [licgan]
lēfan
see:līefan
Lēga-ceaster f Chester
leger n
lying, illness
* ds legere
   [licgan]
lencten m
spring
* ds lenctenne
   [Mod lent]
lēo m
lion
* as lēon
   [Lat leo]
lēod
f
* a people, nation
** ds lēode
* pl lēode (lēoda): people
** np lēoda
** ap lēoda
   [Ger Leute]
lēod-bisceop m bishop (of a district)
* np -bisceopas
lēod-fruma m first among a people, prince, king
* as -fruman
lēod-scipe
m people, nation, country
* ds -scipe
lēof adj
lief, pleasing, dear, beloved
* gs lēofes
* ds lēofan
* as lēofne
* np (voc) lēofan
* comp ns lēofra, lēofre (or -ra)
* supl ns lēofost
* supl ns (voc) lēofusta
* supl np (voc) lēofostan, -estan
lēoflīc adj pleasant
lēogan (principal parts: pret sg:lēag pret pl:lugon pp:logen ) 2 lie, utter falsely
leoht adj light, not heavy, easy
* np leohte
lēoht
adj light, bright, clear
* is lēohte
lēoht (lioht) n
light, brightness
* gs lēohtes
* ds līohte, lēohte
* as lēoht
lēoht-fæt n lantern, lamp
leohtlīc adj light, of little weight or importance
lēoma m light, radiance, ray or beam of light
* ap lēoman
leornere m learner, disciple, scholar
* gs leorneres
* np leorneras
leornian (liornian) WII learn
* 3 pl leorniað
* opt 3 sg leornige
* opt 3 pl -en
* pret 3 sg leornode, -ade, liornode
* pret 3 pl -odon
leorning-cniht m disciple
* ds -cnihte
* np -cnihtas
leornung (liornung) f learning
* gs -unge
* ds liornunga, -unge
* as liornunga
lēoð n
song
* gs lēoðes
* as lēoð
* is lēoðe
* np lēoð
lēoð-cræft m poetic skill or art
lēoþ-song n song, poem
* gs -songes
leoðu-cræftig
adj skilful of limb
lētānia (lǣtānia) m f litany
* dp lētānium
* ap lētānias
   [Lat litanīa]
Levita (Lauita) gp the Lapithae
libban (lybban, lifgan) WIII live
* ptc lybbende, lyfigende
* gs lifigendan
* 3 sg leofað
* 3 pl libbað, lifgað
* opt 3 sg libbe, lybbe, lifge
* pret 3 sg lifde, leofode
* pret 3 pl leofodon
līc n
body, corpse
* ds līce
* as līc
* ap līc
   [Ger Leiche]
līcettan WI profess falsely, pretend
* 3 sg licet
licgan (principal parts: pret sg:læg pret pl:lǣgon,lāgon pp:legen ) 5
* lie, lie dead
** ptc licgende
** 3 sg liþ, ligeð
** 3 pl licgað
** pret 2 sg lāge
** pret 3 pl lāgon
* extend, run (of land and stream)
** 3 sg lið
** 3 pl licgað
** pret opt 3 sg lǣge
līc-homa (-hama) m body
* ns -hama
* gs -haman
* ds -homan
* as lȳchaman
   [Ger Leichnam]
līc-homlīc (-hamlīc) adj bodily
* ds -līcre, līchamlīcere
līc-homlīce adv corporally
līcian WII like, please (w dat; personal and impersonal)
* 3 sg līcað
* 2 pl līciað
* opt 3 sg līcige
* opt 1 pl līcian
* pret 3 sg līcode
līc-monn m pall-bearer
* gp līc-manna
* dp -mannum
līc-rest f
sepulchre
* ds -reste
lid n ship
* gs lides
   [līðan]
līd-monn m sailor, pirate
* np -men
* gp -manna
līefan (līfan lēfan) WI
allow, permit
* pret 1 pl lēfdon
   [lēaf]
līf n
life
* gs līfes
* as līf
lifer
f liver
* as lifre
līflīc adj
pertaining to life
līg (leg) m flame, fire
* is līge
   [Ger Lohe]
līg-bryne m burning of flames, burning
līg-þracu f violence of flames
* ds -þræce
lihtan WI alight (from a horse)
* pret 3 sg lihte
līhtan (lȳhtan) WI shine
* 3 sg lȳhteð, līhteð
   [lēoht]
lim n limb, bodily member
* dp leomum
* ap leomu
Limen f the Limen (river or estuary in Kent)
* gs Limene
lind f (linden), shield
* as linde
* ap linde
Lindes-īg f Lindesey (dist in Lincolnshire)
* ds -ige
Lindis-farn-ēa (-farena-ēa) f Lindisfarne Island, Lindisfarne
liss (<līðs)
f favor, delight
* gp lissa
lītel see:lȳtel
līt-hwōn adv little
līðe adj mild, gentle
* as līðne
   [Ger gelinde; Mod lithe]
līxan WI shine, glitter
* 3 sg līxeð
* 3 pl līxað
locc m
lock (of hair)
* ns loc
* np loccas
lōcian WII look
* ptc lōciende
* imp 2 sg lōca
* opt 3 sg lōcie
* pret 3 sg lōcode, lōcude
lof m
praise, glory, song of praise
* ds lofe
* as lof
   [Ger Lob]
lofian WII praise
* 3 pl lofiað
lof-sang
m song of praise
lond (land) n land, country
* ns land
* gs londes
* ds londe, lande
* as land, lond
* np land
* gp londa
lond-wela m earthly possessions
* ap -welan
long (lang) adj long
* ns lang
* ds langum
* np lange
* comp ns lengra
longe (lange) adv long
* comp leng, lencg
* supl lengest
longlīce (lang-) adv long
losian WII
be lost, escape
* opt 3 sg losige
* pret 3 sg losade
lot-wrenc
m deception, fraud, W Ile
* ap -wrencas
   [lūtan]
lūcan
(principal parts: pret sg:lēac pret pl:lucon pp:locen ) 2 lock, interlock, close up (trans and intrans)
lufian (lufigean)
WII love
* 1 sg lufige
* 3 sg lufað
* imp 2 pl lufiað
* pret 3 sg lufode
* pret 1 pl lufodon
* pp gelufod
* pp as gelufedan
luflīce adv lovingly
luf-tȳme adj benevolent
lufu f love
* ds lufan
* as lufe
Lunden-burg f London
* ds -byrg, byrig
lust m lust, desire, pleasure
lustlīce adv willingly
lyb-cræft m skill in the use of drugs and of poison
* ds -cræfte
lyft m f n the air
* ds under lyfte, under lyft, on lyfte: on high, aloft
* is lyfte
   [Ger Luft]
Lȳge f the Lea
* ds Lȳgan
lyge-word n lying word, lie
lyre m loss
   [lēosan]
lȳsan WI release, deliver
   [lēas]
lystan WI list, cause pleasure or desire (impers w acc of pers and gen of thing)
* pret 3 sg lyste
lȳt n little, small number, few
lytegian WII dissemble, feign
lȳtel (lītel) adj little, small
* ds lītlum
* as lȳtel, lȳtle
* is lȳtle
* ap lȳtle
see:(see lǣssa)
lȳtlian WII lessen, diminish
* 3 sg lȳtlað

## M

mā (mǣ) comp adv; also noun (adj) indecl more
* þon mā þe any more than
mǣden (mægden) n maiden
* gs mǣdenes
* as mǣden
mǣg m kinsman
* ns (son)
* ds mǣge
* np mǣgas, māgas
* gp māga
* dp mǣgum, māgum
magan PP may, be able
* 1 sg mæg
* 2 sg meaht
* 3 sg mæg
* 1 pl magon
* 2 pl mage gē
* opt 2 sg mæge
* opt 1 pl mægen
* pret 1 sg meahte
* pret 3 sg meahte, mehte
* pret 3 pl meahton, mehton, mihton
* pret opt 3 sg meahte, mehte, mihte
* pret opt 3 pl meahten
mægen n main, strength, might, valor, virtue
* gs mægenes
* ds mægne
* as mægen
* is mægene, mægne
* dp (miracles)
mægen-þrymm m great strength, majesty, glory
* gs -þrymmes
* ds -þrymme
magister m master
   [Lat]
mǣglīc
adj belonging to kinsmen
mago (magu) m son, man
mǣgð f
kin, tribe, province, nation
* ds mǣgðe
mægð-hād m virginity, purity
* gs -hādes
* ds -hāde
magu-þegn m
kin vassal, retainer
* np -þegnas
mǣl n time, occasion
* ap mǣla
   [cf. Mod meal]
mǣldan WI speak, announce
* pret 3 sg mǣlde
mān n evil, sin
* gs mānes
   [cf. Ger mein-eid]
mǣnan WI mean, intend
* pret 3 sg mǣnde
mancus m mancus (the eighth of a pound, the sum of thirty pence)
* gp mancessa
mān-dǣd f evil deed
* gp -dǣda
* ap -dǣde
mān-fremmend ptc m evil-doer
* dp -fremmendum
mānfullīce adv sinfully
manian (monian) WII
admonish, exhort, warn
* ger manigenne
* 1 sg manige
* 3 sg manað
* pret 3 sg manode, monade, manade
* pp pl gemanode
manig see:monig
mænigeo see:menigu
manig-feald see:monig-feald
mann see:monn
manna m (?) manna
* ds mannan
   [Lat]
mann-cwealm m mortality, pestilence
māra
see:micel
mǣran WI make famous, glorify, honor
* 3 pl mǣrað
* pp gemǣred
mǣre adj famous, glorious
* gs mǣres
* as mǣran
* np mǣre
* supl ns mǣrost
   [Goth -mers, Ger Märe, Märchen]
mǣrsian WII make famous, celebrate, glorify
* 2 sg mǣrsast
* 3 pl mǣrsiað
martyr m martyr
* gp martyra
   [Lat]
mǣrð f fame, glory, honor
* gp mǣrða
* ap mǣrþa (famous things)
Maser-feld m
Maserfeld, Oswestry
* ds -felda
mæsse f
* mass
** as mæssan
* festival day
** ds mæssan
   [L Lat missa]
mæsse-prēost m mass-priest
* ds -prēoste
* np -prēostas
mæsse-rēaf f
mass-robe
* dp -rēafum
mǣst see:micel
mǣte adj intermediate, inferior
* comp np mǣtran
* supl np mǣtestan
mǣð f measure, degree, condition, fitness, right, honor
* ds mǣðe
mæðel n popular assembly
* ds mæðle
maþelian WII address, harangue, speak
* pret 3 sg maþelode
mæðel-stede
m place of assembly, battle-field
māþþum-gyfa (māþum-) m giver of treasure, lord
māþum (māþþum) m
gift, treasure
* gp māþma
mē see:ic
meagol adj mighty, emphatic
   [magan]
meaht, meahte see:magan
meaht (miht) f might, power
* as meaht
* ap meahte, mihte
meahtig (mihtig, myhtig) adj mighty, powerful
* ns myhtig, meahta
mearcian WII mark, represent, mark out, design
* 3 sg mearcað
* 3 pl -iað
mearh (mearg) m horse
* ns mearg
* ds mēare
* as mēar
mearm-stan (marm-) m
marble-stone
* ds -stane
   [Lat marmor]
mearþ m
marten
* gs mearðes
mec see:ic
mēce m sword
* gp meca
mēd (meord) f meed, reward
* gs mēde
* as mēde, meorde (dial)
med-micel (-mycel) adj moderately great, limited, small
* ds -miclum
* as -mycel
* dp -mycclum
medo (medu, meodo) m mead
* ds meodo
* as medo
medomlīce (medumlīce) adv
moderately, worthily
med-trymnes (trumnes) f infirmity, illness, disease
* as -nesse
mele-dēaw m n honey-dew (?), mildew
* gs dēawes
men see:monn
mengan WI mingle, mix, combine; disturb, lacerate
* pret 3 sg mengde
* pp gemenged
* pp pl gemengde
menig
see:monig
menigu (meniu, menigeo, mænigeo) f multitude
* ns menegu, menigeo, mænigeo
* as menigu, mengu
mennisc n folk, race, people
mennisc
adj human
* ns -isce
* ds -iscum
* ap -isce
menniscnes f human condition, incarnation
* ds -nesse, -nisse, -nysse
meodo see:medo
meodu-heall (medu-) f mead-hall
* ds -healle
meolc f milk
meord see:mēd
Mēore Möre (district in Sweden)
mēos n
moss
* gs mēoses
Meotod see:Metod
Meran-tūn m Merton (Surrey)
* ds -tūne
mere
m mere, lake, sea
* ds mere
* as mere
* np meras
   [Ger Meer]
mere-flōd m sea-flood, sea
Mere-tūn
m Merton (?), or Marden (?) (Wiltshire)
* ds -tūne
Meres-īg f
Mersea (Essex)
* as -īge
mergð see:myrgð
mētan WI meet, find
* 3 pl mētað
* pret 1 sg mētte
* pret 3 pl -on
metan (principal parts: pret sg:mæt pret pl:mǣton pp:meten )
5 mete, measure, compare
* ger metanne
* 2 pl metað
* pp gemeten
mete m meat, food
* dp mettum
mete-liest (lȳst) f want of food
* ds -līeste
metgian WII assign in due measure
* 3 sg metgað
Metod (Meotod) m Creator, Lord
* gs Meotodes, Metodes
* ds Metode
met-trum (med-) adj infirm, ill
* np -trume
mēðe adj weary
* gp mēðra
   [Ger müde]
micel (principal parts: pret sg:mycel pret pl:miccel pp:myccel ) great
* ns mycel, micla
* gs miclan, micelre
* ds mycelum, micclum
* as miclne, micle, mycele, micele, miccle
* np micla
* dp mycclum
* ap mycele
* is adv w comp micle much
* comp māra, māre
* comp as māran
* comp ap māran
* supl mǣst
* supl as mǣst, mǣstan,mǣste
* supl is mǣste
* supl np mǣstan
* supl gp mǣstra
* adv miclum greatly
micelnes
greatness
* gs -nesse
mid prep w dat instr acc; adv with, among (association, means, condition)
* myd eallum altogether, entirely
* mid ealle with all else, withal see:(see ealle)
* mid þȳ when
* mid þī
* mid þȳ þe when
* mid þām with that, thereupon
* mid þām þæt from the fact that, because
* mid þām þe when
midd adj middle
* ds middre
* as midde
* supl np midmestan
middan-geard (-eard) m earth, world
* gs -geardes, -eardes
* as -geard
* is -gearde
middan-geardlīc (-eardlīc) adj worldly
* ap -eardlīce
middel adj middle
* supl dp midlestan
middel (midel) n middle
* ds midle
Middel-tūn m Milton Royal (Kent)
* ds -tūne
midde-neaht (-niht) f midnight
midde-weard adj mid-ward, middle of
miht see:meaht
mihte see:magan
mīl
f mile
* ds mīle
* gp mīla
   [Lat mīlia]
milde adj mild, merciful
* ns milde
* ds mildan
* as mildne
mild-heort adj mild-hearted, merciful
* ns -heorta
* supl ns myldheortesta
mild-heortnis f
mild-heartedness, mercy
* gs -nysse
* ds -nesse
* as -nysse, -nesse
milts f mercy
* gs miltse
* gp miltsa
miltsian WII show mercy, pity (w dat)
* 3 sg miltsað
* opt 3 sg miltsige
* pret 3 sg miltsode
miltsung (mildsung) f mercy
* gs -unge
mīn poss pron my, mine
* gs mīnes
* ds mīnum
* is mīne
* np mīne
* mīnes ðonces adv by my will
mine m mind, purpose, remembrance, favor
* as minne
   [Goth muns; Ger Minne]
mirce (myrce) adj murky, dark, evil
miscian WII
mix, apportion
* 3 sg miscað
mis-dǣd f misdeed
* np -dǣda
mis-faran 6 go astray, transgress
* 3 pl -farað
mislīc adj various
* ap mislīce, misleca
missenlīc adj various
* np -līce
mis-wendan WI pervert
* pp pl miswende
mīðan (principal parts: pret sg:māð pret pl:miðon pp:miðen ) 1 conceal (w gen)
   [Ger meiden]
mōd n mood, wind, courage, pride
* gs mōdes
* ds mōde
* as mōd
* is mōde
* np mōd
mōd-cearig adj sorrowful of heart
mōdelīc adj proud, splendid
* ap -līco
mōd-ge-þanc m purpose of mind
mōdig adj resolute brave, proud, haughty
* ns mōdi
* as mōdigan
* np mōdige
mōdignis f pride, haughtiness
* gs -nysse
mōdor (mōder) f mother
* gs mēder
* as mōdor
* np mōdru
mōdrige f
maternal aunt
* gs m_ddrian
   [mōdor]
mōd-sefa m
mind, heart
* as -sefan
mold-ærn n grave
* ds -ærne
molde f mould, earth, land, world, country
* gs moldan
mold-græf n grave
molsnian WII
moulder, decay
* pp molsnad
mōna m moon
* gs mōnan
mōnað m month
* ds mōnðe
* as mōnað
* gp mōnða
* ap mōnað
* gs ??? mōnðas
mon-dryhten m liege lord
monig (manig, mænig, moni) adj many, many a
* as manigne, monig
* np monige, menige, manega
* gp monigra
* dp monegum, manegum, mænegum
* ap manega
monig-feald (manig-, menig-, -fald) manifold, various
* dp manig-, menig-
monig-fealdian
WII multiply
* pp pl gemonigfealdode
monig-fealdlīc (manig-, menig-, -fald) adj
various
* ns manigfaldlīc
monig-fealdlīce (menig-) adv in the plural number
monn (mon, mann, man) m man; (indef) one
* ns mon, monn
* gs monnes, mannes
* ds men
* as mon, monnan, mannan
* np menn, men
* gp monna
* ap men
monn-cynn (mann-)
n mankind
* gs -cynnes, mon-
* as manncynn
mon-þwǣre adj gentle, gracious
mōr m moor
* gs mōres
* ds mōre
* as mōr
* ap mōras
morgen (mergen) m morning
* ns mergen
* ds on morgenne
* as on mergen
* on ōðerne mergen
morgen-tīd f morning-time
mōtan PP may, have opportunity, must
* 2 sg mōst
* 3 sg mōt
* 1 pl mōton
* opt 1 sg mōte
* pret 3 pl mōston
* pret opt 1 sg mōste
* 3 pl mōston
mund f hand
   [cf Ger Vor-mund]
munt m mountain
* np muntas
   [Lat mons]
munuc m monk
* dp munecum
   [Lat monachus]
munuc-hād m monkhood, monastic rank
* gs -hādes
* as -hād
munuclīc
adj monastic
* ds -līcre, -līcan
munuclīce adv
monastically
munuc-līf n monastic life, monastery
murnan (principal parts: pret sg:mearn
pret pl:murnon pp:-- ) 3 mourn, have anxiety or fear (w prep for)
mūð m mouth
* ds mūðe
* as mūð
mūða
m mouth of a river, estuary
* ds mūþan
* on Lymene mūþan
* on Temese mūþan
mycel see:micel
mylen-scearp adj ground sharp
* dp -scearpum
   [mylen /mill/]
myndgung f
admonition
mynegung f admonition
* ds -unge
myngean (mynegian) II admonish, exhort
* 1 sg myngie
mynster n
* monastery
** ds mynstre
** as mynster
** ap mynstru
* minster, cathedral
   [Lat monastērium]
mynsterlīc adj monastic
* ap -līce
mynster-monn m monk
* np -men
Myrce (Mierce, Merce)
m pl the Mercians, Mercia
* gp Myrcena
* dp Myrcon, Myrcan
myrcels m mark
* ds mycelse
   [mearc]
mȳre f mare
* gs mȳran
   [mearh]
myrgð (myrhð, mergð) f mirth, joy
* ds mergðe, myrhðe

## N

nā (nō) adv (adv conj) no, not, not at all, nor (usually strengthens ne)
næbban WIII not to have
* 3 sg næfð, nafað
* 2 pl nabbe gē
* 3 pl nabbað
* opt 3 pl næbben
* nabbe gē
* pret 3 sg næfde
* 3 pl næfdon
   [< ne habban]
nacod adj naked, bare
* as nacedan
* np nacode
nǣdre f
adder, serpent
* gs nǣdran
næfde, næfdon see:næbban
nǣfre adv never
nafu f nave
* ds nafe
nægel m nail
* dp næglum
nægled-cnearr m nailed ship
nāh PP 1 sg have not
   [< ne āh]
nāht see:nā-wiht
nā-hwǣr adv
nowhere, in no case
nā-hwæðer (nō-hwæðer, nāwðer, nōwðer, nāðer)
* pron neither
** ns nāþer
** as nōuðer
* Conj neither
** nōhwæðer nē ... nē neither ... nor
** nāwðer nē ... nē neither ... nor
** nāuðer nē ... nē neither ... nor
** nāþer nē ... nē neither ... nor
nālæs (nāles, nālles, nāls) adv not at all
   [< nā ealles]
nama (noma) m
name
* ds noman
* as naman, noman
* np naman
nān pron adj not one, none
* gs nānes
* ds nānum, nānre
* as nǣnne, nāne
   [< ne ān]
nǣnig
pron no one, none
* gs nǣnges
* as nǣnigne, nǣnig
   [< ne ǣnig]
nān-wuht (-wiht) n nothing
nǣre, nǣron see:bēon
næs see:bēon
næs adv not, not at all
nāþer see:nā-hwæðer
nāuht see:nā-wiht
nā-wiht (nō-wiht, nāuht, nāht, nōht)
n not a whit, nought, nothing; (adv) not, not at all
* ds nāuhte
* as nāuht
* nōht þon lǣs
nāwðer see:nā-hwæðer
ne adv not
nē adv conj and not, nor
* nē ... nē neither ... nor
nēad see:nēod
nēah (nēh)
* near (adv) (of degree) nearly, almost
** comp nēar
** nēar and nēar nearer and nearer
* near (adv; prep w dat)
** supl nȳhst, nēhst, nēhste, nēahst, nēaxst
** 3 adj supl as nīehst
** æt nēxtan next, finally
neaht
see:niht
nēa-lǣcan (-lēcan) WI draw near, approach (w dat)
* inf -lēcan
* 3 sg -lǣcþ
* pret 3 sg -lǣcte, -lēhte
nēan
adv from near
nēar see:nēah
nearolīce adv
narrowly, accurately
nearwe adv narrowly, artfully
nēat [(cf nȳten)] n
neat, cattle
* gp nēata
nēa-wist (-west) f being near, proximity, presence, neighborhood
* ns -wist
* ds -weste
   [nēah, wesan]
nebb
n bill, beak
nēd see:nēod
nēd-ðearf see:nīed-ðearf
nēh see:nēah
nēh-mæg (nēah-) m near kinsman
* gp -māga
* dp -māgum
nemnan WI
name
* 1 pl nemnað
* pret 1 sg nemde
* 3 sg nemnde
* pp nemned, genemned
* pl genemnode
nemne (nefne) conj
unless, except
nemþe (nimþe, nymþe) conj unless, except
nēo-bedd n bed for a corpse
   [Goth naus]
nēod (nēad nīed nȳd nēd) f need, necessity, compulsion, force
* is ??? nēde
* is nēade necessarily
nēodlīce adv zealously
* comp nēodlīcor
   [nēod, /desire/]
neorxna-wong (neorxena-) m paradise
* gs -wanges
* ds -wange
* as -wang, -wong, neorxena-
   [ne wyrcan]
nēosung f visitation
* as -unge
nēotan 2 enjoy, use, employ (w gen)
   [Ger geniessen]
neoðan (niðan)
adv below, beneath, down
nergend m Savior (Christ, God)
* gs -es
   [nerian]
nest n nest
* ds neste
* as nest
nēten see:nȳten
nīed-be-ðearf
adj necessary
* supl np nīedbeðearfosta
nīed-ðearf (nēd-) f
need, necessity
* as nēdðearfe
nīeð-ðearf (nēd-) adj necessary
* ns nēd-
nīg-hworfen (pp) adj newly converted
* ds -hworfenum
nigon num nine
* dat nigonum
nigoða num ninth
* ds nigoðan
niht (neaht) f night: in reckoning time the equivalent of Mod /day/ (cf sennight, fortnight)
* gs neahte, nihtes (adv masc form due to association with dæges)
* ds neahte
* gp nihta
* ap nyht
niht-helm
m cover or shade of the night
niht-rest f night's rest, couch
* as -reste
niht-scūa m shadow of night
niman (principal parts: pret sg:nōm,nam
pret pl:nōmon,nāmon pp:numen ) 4 take, sieze
* 3 pl nimað
* imp 2 sg nim
* 2 pl nimað
* pret 3 sg nam
* 3 pl nāmon
Niniueisc adj Ninevitish
* gs Niniueiscre
nioðo-weard adj beneath
nīpan (principal parts: pret sg:nāp pret pl:nipon pp:nipen )
1 grow dark
* 3 sg nīpeð
nis see:beon
nīð m hatred, envy, malignity
* gp nīða
niþera (niþerra) comp adj lower
* ap niþeran
nīwan (nȳwan, nīwane, nīwe, nēowan, nēen)
adv newly, recently
nīwe (nȳwe, nēowe) adj new, fresh
* as nȳwne
* gp nīwena
* ap nīwan
nō see:nā
nōht see:nā-wiht
nō-hwǣðer see:nā-hwǣðer
nolde, noldon see:nyllan
norð adv north, northwards, in the north
* comp norðor
* supl norþmest
norðan adv from the north
* be norðan (prep w dat) north of
Norðerne adj Northern
* ns Norðerna
norðe-weard adj northward
* ds -weardum
* as -weard
Norð-hymbre pl m the Northumbrians, Northumbria
* gp -hymbra
* dp -hymbron
Norð-hymbrisc adj
Northumbrian
* ds -iscum
Norð-monn m Norwegian
* np -men
* gp -manna
norð-ryhte adv
northward
Norþ-sǣ f North Sea
Norþ-wēalas pl m the (North) Welsh, (North) Wales (as opposed to West Wales, i.e. Cornwall)
Norþ-wēal-cynn n the (North) Welsh
* gs -cynnes
norð-weard adj northward
* gs -weardes, adv
* ds -weardum
Norðweg Norway
nos-þyrel n nostril
* ap nosþirlu
notu f office, employment
* ds note
   [nēotan]
nōuðer see:nā-hwæðer
nū
* adv, now
* conj, now that, since
nyllan (nillan) not to will, be unwilling
* 1 sg nylle, nelle
* 3 sg nele
* 3 pl nyllað, nellað
* pret 3 sg nolde
* 1 pl noldon
* pret opt 3 pl noldon
   [<ne willan]
nytan (nitan) not to know
* 1 sg nāt
* 3 sg nāt
* 2 pl nyton
* opt 3 sg nyte
* pret 3 sg nyste, nysse
   [<ne witan]
nyten adj ignorant
* np nytenan
   [ne witan]
nȳten (nīeten, nēten, cf nēat) n neat, domestic animal, cattle, beast
* ns nēten
* ds nȳtene
* gp nȳtena
* ap nȳtenu
nytennis f ignorance
* ds -nysse
nytlic adj useful, profitable
   [Ger nützlich]
nyttnes (nytnes)
f use, benefit
* gs -nesse, nytnisse
nyt-wyrðe adj
useful
* supl np -wyrðoste
nyðer (niðer) adv down
nyðerlīc (niðerlīc) adj lovely
nȳwan, nȳwe see:niwan, niwe

## O

ō, oo see:ā
of prep (w dat) of, from (place and material), from, among, concerning; adv off
of-āxian WII learn by asking
* pret 3 sg ofāxode
ofer
prep (w acc) over, across, after, above, upon, superior to, contrary to, against
* ofer bæc backwards [(cf under bæc)]
ōfer
m shore, bank
* ds ōfre
   [Ger Ufer]
ofer-cuman
4 overcome
* pret 3 pl -cōmon
ofer-drīfan 1
overcome
* ger -drȳfenne
ofer-ēaca m surplus
* as -ēacan
ofer-fēran WI traverse
ofer-frēosan 2 freeze over
* pp oferfroren
ofer-gietan
5 forget, disregard
* opt 3 pl -gieton
ofer-gyldan WI
cover with gold, gild
* pp np ofergyldan
ofer-hlīfian WII over-tower
* 3 sg -hlīfað
ofer-mægen n over-mastering might
* ds -mægne
ofer-mētto f pride
* dp -mēttum
ofer-mōd n overweening courage, confidence
* ds -mōde
ofer-mōdigian WII be proud, arrogate
* 2 pl -mōdie
* 3 pl -mōdigað
ofer-stīgan 1 rise above, surpass
* pret 3 sg -stāh
ofer-swiðan WI overcome
* inf -swȳðan
* pret opt -swīðde
* pp -swȳðed
* pl -swīðde
ofer-winnan
3 overcome
* pret 3 sg -wann
ofestlīce (ofostlīce, ofstlīce) adv
hastily, quickly
ofestum (ofstum) adv hastily, quickly
   [*of-ēst]
ofett (ofet) n
fruit
   [Ger Obst]
of-faran 6 overtake, intercept
* pret 3 pl -fōron
offrian WII offer, sacrifice
* pret 3 sg offrode
* pp geoffrod
   [Lat offerre]
offrung f offering, sacrifice
* ds -unge
of-gān demand, seek, implore
* opt 1 pl ofgān
of-giefan (-gifan, -gyfan) 5 give up, quit, desert
* 3 sg -gīēfeð
* pret 3 sg -geaf
* 3 pl gēafon
of-hrēowan 2 pity (w gen)
* pret 3 sg -hrēow
of-linnan 3 cease
* pret 3 sg oflan
of-lystan WI fill with desire, please
* pp oflyst
of-munan PP recollect
* 3 sg ofman
of-scēotan 2 shoot down
of-sēon 5 see
* pret 3 sg ofseah
of-settan WI beset, oppress, afflict
* pp -sett
* ap -settan
of-slēan (principal parts: pret sg:-slōg
pret pl:slōgon pp:-slægen ) 6 strike, slay
* pret opt 3 sg slōge
* pp -slegen
* as -slægenne
* np -slægene
* gp -slægenra
of-stingan 3 stab to death
* pret 3 sg -stang
oft adv often
* comp oftor
* supl oftost
of-þrysmian WII choke
* 3 pl -þrysmiað
   [þrosm, smoke, vapor]
ō-leccan WI subdue, flatter, soothe, please
* opt 3 sg ōlecce
   [leccan, moisten]
ombiht m servant
   [Ger Amt]
on
prep (w dat instr acc) on, at, during, in, into, among, against (time, place, manner, circumstance, and condition)
* on tū into two parts
* on dæg
* on niht
* on riht adv, rightly
* on ǣr adv, formerly
* on uppan upon
* on emulange along
on-ǣlan WI
kindle, set on fire, consume by fire
* pp onǣled
on-bærnan WI kindle, inspire, incite
* pp -bærned
* pl -bærnde, -bærnede
on-bīdan (an-) (principal parts:
pret sg:-bād pret pl:-bidon pp:-biden ) 1
* abide, tarry
** imp 2 sg onbīd
* await (w gen)
on-blōtan (principal parts: pret sg:blēot
pret pl:-blēoton pp:-blōten ) R sacrifice
on-bregdan 3 move, bow (intr)
* 3 sg -brygdeð
on-bryrdan WI inspire, exalt
* opt 3 sg onbryrde
* pp onbryrd, onbryrded
   [brord, prick, point]
on-bryrdnis
f inspiration, ardor
* ds -nysse
on-byrigan (-byrgan) WI
taste (w gen)
* pret 1 pl onbyrigdon
on-cnāwan (principal parts: pret sg:-cnēow
pret pl:-cnēowon pp:-cnāwen ) R recognize, acknowledge, understand, know
* 1 sg oncnāwe
* imp 2 sg oncnāw
* opt 3 sg oncnāwe
* 3 pl oncnāwon
on-cweðan
5 address, answer
* pret 3 sg -cwæð
on-cyrran WI
turn
* opt 3 pl oncyrron
ond (and) conj and
ondettan see:andettan
ond-git see:and-giet
on-drǣdan
(principal parts: 3 sg pres:-dreord pret sg:-drēd pret pl:-drēdon pp:-drǣden ) R fear (trans, and w reflex dat of pers and acc of thing)
* ptc pl -drǣdendan
* 2 sg -drǣtst
* 3 sg -drǣt
* 2 pl -drǣdað
* imp 2 sg -drǣd
* 2 pl -drǣdað
* opt 3 sg -drǣde
* pret 2 sg -drēde
* 1 pl andrēdon
on-drynne adj
awful, exciting, reverence
ond-swarian WII answer
* pret 3 sg -swarade, -ode, -ede
* 3 pl -odon, -edon
ond-weard see:and-weard
on-emn (on-efn) prep (w dat)
near, alongside of
ōnettan WI (incite), hasten, be active
* 3 sg ōnetteð
* pret 3 sg ōnette
   [*on-hātjan]
on-fægnian WII show gladness
on-feohtan
3 fight
* ptc onfeohtende
on-findan 3
find, find out, discover, learn
* pret 3 sg -funde
* 3 pl -fundon
* pret opt 3 pl -funden
on-fōn (principal parts: pret sg:-fēng pret pl:-fēngon pp:-fangen ) R receive (w gen, dat, acc)
* ger onfōnne
* 1 sg (w gen, partake) onfō
* 3 pl onfōð
* imp 2 sg onfōh
* opt 2 sg onfō
* 1 pl onfōn
* 3 pl (w gen, stand sponsor)
* as onfongne
on-foran prep (w acc) before (time)
on-gēan (an-gēan, on-gēn, agēn) prep (w dat and acc) towards, against; adv, opposite, in the opposite direction, back
* eft ongēan back again
ongel-cynn see:Angel-cynn
ongel-þēod f the Anglian, English people or nation
* ds -þēode
on-ge-mong (on-ge-mang, on-mang, a-mang) prep (w dat) among
* onmang þām, amang þām adv, while
on-gietan (-gitan, -gȳtan) (principal parts: pret sg:-geat pret pl:-geaton pp:-gieten,-giten,-gyten ) 5
perceive, understand
* inf ongeotan
* ger -gitanne
* 1 sg ongite
* 2 sg ongitst
* 3 sg ongit
* 3 pl ongitað
* imp 2 pl ongitað
* opt 3 pl ongiten, ongyten
* pret 3 sg onget
* pret opt 3 pl ongēaten
on-ginn (an-ginn) n beginning
* ns ongyn
* ds onginne, anginne, angynne
on-ginnan (principal parts: pret sg:-gonn,-gann pret pl:-gunnon pp:-gunnen ) 3
begin, attempt
* 3 sg onginð, onginneð
* 3 pl -að
* opt 3 pl onginnen
* pret 3 sg ongan, ongon
* ap -gunnenan
on-gyldan 3
repay, suffer the penalty for (w gen)
* pret 3 pl onguldon
on-gytenes
f knowledge
* gs ongytenesse
on-hǣtan WI
heat
* pp onhǣted
on-hebban 6 raise up
* pp pl onhafene
on-hlīdan 1 uncover, open, reveal
* pp onhliden
on-hōn R hang
* pp anhangen
on-hrēodan 2 adorn
* pret 3 sg onhrēad
on-hyldan WI incline
* pret 3 sg onhylde
on-lēohtan WI light up, illuminate
* pret 3 sg onlēohte
on-līc (an-līc)
adj like similar (w dat)
* ns anlīc
* np -līce
* supl ns -līcost
on-līce adv similarly
* sumes onlīce somewhat like
on-līcnes (an-) f likeness, image
* ns (voc) anlīcnes
* ds -nisse, -nysse, -nesse
* as -nesse
on-lūtan (principal parts:
pret sg:-lēat pret pl:-luton pp:-loten ) 2 bow, incline (intr)
   [Mod lout]
on-lȳhtan
WI enlighten, illuminate
* 3 sg onlȳht
* pret 2 sg onlīhtest
on-mang see:on-ge-mong
on-middan prep (w dat) amid, at the middle of
on-munan
PP consider worthy of or entitled to (w acc of pers and gen of worth)
* pret opt 3 pl onmunden
ono (one, eno)
interj lo! behold!
* ono hwæt behold!
on-rīdan 1
ride (on a raid)
* pret 3 pl onridon
on-sāwan R sow
* pp onsāwen
on-scunian WII shun, avoid, detest, fear
* ptc onscungend
* pret 3 sg -scunede
* 3 pl -scunedon
* pret opt 3 sg -scunode
on-secgan WIII offer, sacrifice (trans)
on-sendan WI
send
* opt 2 sg -sende
on-sīen (an-, -sīn, -sȳn) f appearance, face, sight, presence
* ns ansȳn
* ds ansīne
* as onsīene, onsȳne, an-
on-sīgan (principal parts: pret sg:-sāh pret pl:-sigon pp:-sigen ) 1 descend
* ptc ds onsīgendum
on-slǣpan R fall asleep, sleep
* pret 3 sg -onslēp, onslēpte
on-springan 3 spring forth
* 3 pl -springað
on-stāl m institution, supply
on-stellan WI place, establish, create
* pret 3 sg onstealde
on-sund (an-sund) adj sound, whole, healthy
* ns ansund
* gs ansundan
* np ansunde
on-sundnis (an-)
f soundness
* ds ansundnysse
on-sȳn
f lack, deficiency
   [sēon, 'sift']
on-tēon (principal parts: pret sg:-tēah pret pl:-tugon pp:-togen )
2 assume, take upon oneself
* 3 pl ontēoð
on-tȳnan WI
open (trans and intr)
* pret 3 sg ontȳnde
* pp pl ontȳnede
   [tūn]
on-ðrǣce (an-) adj dreadful
* dp anðrǣcum
on-wæcnan WI awake
* 3 sg onwæcneð
on-weald (an-, -wald)
m power, authority
* ns anwald, onwald
* gs anwealdes, -waldes
* ds -walde
* as -wald
on-wendan WI turn, change, amend, pervert, overturn, end (trans)
* 3 sg -wendeð
* imp 2 sg -wend
* pret 3 sg -wende
* pp -wended
* pl -wende
on-wrēon 1
uncover, reveal
* pp onwrigen
on-wrigennis f (uncovering) revelation
* as -wrigenysse
   [wrēon]
on-wunigan (-wunian) WII dwell, remain
on-wunung f habitation, dwelling
* ds unge
on-ȳwan WI show, manifest
* opt 2 sg onȳwe
open
adj open
* as openan
openlīce adv
openly
ōr [(cf ord)] n beginning
ord n
* point, spear-point, spear
** ds orde
* beginning
* front of an army, line of battle [(cf Lat acies)]
ord-fruma m beginning, author, chief
or-eald
adj very old
   [Ger uralt]
orf n cattle
   [weorf, weoruf]
organa f organ
* gs organan
   [Lat organum]
or-sorglīce adv without care or hindrance
* comp orsorglīcor
or-sorh
adj free from care
* comp np orsorgran
* supl np orsorgoste
orþlan (oreþlan) WII breathe, aspire
   [oroð]
or-þonc m skilful device or work
oð prep (w acc) up to, as far as, until (time and place)
* oð ðe conj, until that, until,
* oð ðæt conj, until that, until,
* oð ðis conj, until that, until,
* oð nū conj, until that, until,
oþ-beran 4 bear away
* pret 3 sg -bær
oð-ēawian WI appear, become visible, show oneself
* 3 sg -ēaweð
ōðer (ōðor) other, the other (one of two), another, the second, the next
* ns ōðeru
* gs ōðres
* ds ōðrum, ōðre, ōðerre
* as ōðer, ōðre, ōðerne
* is ōðre
* gp ōðerra
* ns ōðer ... ōðer the one ... the other
* ds ōðrum ... ōðrum the one ... the other
* as ōðre ... ōðre, ōðer ... ōðer the one ... the other
* is ōþre sīþe ... ōþre sīþe the one ... the other
oð-fæstan
WI set to (a task)
* pp pl -fæste
oð-feallan R
fall off, decline
* pp sg oðfeallenu
oð-flēogan 2 fly away
* 3 sg -flēogeð
oð-rōwan R row away
* pret 3 pl -reōwon
oð-scūfan 2 push away, move off, hasten (intr)
* 3 sg -scūfeð
oð-standan 6 stand fixed
* pret 3 sg -stōd
oððe conj or
* oððe ... oððe either ... or
oð-windan 3 escape
* pret 3 sg -wand
oð-witan (principal parts: pret sg:-wāt pret pl:-witon pp:-witen ) 1 reproach, lay to one's charge
* pret 3 sg oðwāt
   [Mod twit]
ō-wiht pron anything

## P

pællen adj of purple
* dp pællenum
* ap pællene
   [pæll <Lat pallium]
pallium m pallium
   [Lat]
Panta m the Panta or Blackwater (Essex)
* as Pantan
pāpa
m pope
* gs pāpan
   [Lat]
pāpan-hād
m papal dignity
papol-stān m pebble-stone
* ap -stānas
   [Lat papula]
paralysis f (?) paralysis
* as paralysīn
   [Gr Lat]
Paðmas Patmos
pēa (pāwa) m peacock
* ds pēan
   [Lat pāvo]
Pedride (Pedrede) the Parret (Somerset)
* ds Pedredan
Peohtas pl m the Picts
pistol
m epistle, letter
   [Lat epistola]
plega m play, festivity, pleasure
* ds plegan
plegian WII
* play
* contend, fight
** pret 3 pl plegodon
pleoh n
peril
plēolīc adj perilous, harmful
   [pleoh]
port m
port, harbor
* ds porte
   [Lat portus]
post m
post
* ds poste
* as post
   [Lat postis]
prass m (?) tumult (?), pomp (?)
* ds prasse
prēost
m priest
* np prēostas
   [Lat presbyter]
prēost-hād
m priest-hood
* gs -hādes
prica m
point, dot
* ds prican
Pryfetes flōda m
Privet's flood, Privet (Hampshire)
* ds -flōdan
pytt m pit
   [Lat puteus]

## R

racu f narrative, account, observation
* as race
rād f ride, journey, raid
* ds rāde
* ap rāde
rǣd m rede, counsel, advice
* ds rǣde
* as rǣd
rǣdan
* counsel, advise, decide, R and W I
** pret 3 sg rǣdde
** 3 pl rǣddon
* read, explain, W I
** ger rǣdenne
** 3 sg rǣt
** pret 3 pl rǣddon
** pp gerǣd
** pl gerǣdde
rǣd-bora m councillor
* as -boran
rǣdiing f reading
* gs -inge
radost see:hraðe
ræfnan WI
perform, undergo
   [<*ar-æfnan]
rand m border, shield
* ap randas
rāp m rope
rǣran WI
raise
   [rīsan]
rārian WII cry, mourn
* ptc rārigende
rǣsan WI rush, hasten
* ptc rēsende
* pret 3 sg rǣsde
raþe see:hraðe
rēad adj
red
* ds rēadum
* as rēad
Rēadingas
pl m Reading
rēaf n dress, armor
rēcan (rēccan) WI
reck, care (w gen)
* 3 pl rēccað, rōhton
reccan (reccean) WI
narrate, tell, interpret
* inf reccean
* 2 sg recst
* pret 2 sg reahtes
* 3 sg rehte
* 3 pl rehton
reccere m
ruler, teacher
rēc(c)elēas adj reckless, careless
* np -lēase
regollīc adj according to rules, regular
* dp regollecum
regollīce adv according to rules
reliquias ap relics
* dp reliquium
   [Lat]
rēn (regen) rain
* gs rēnes
rēnian WII prepare
* ger rēnigenne
rēn-scūr (regen-) m shower of rain
* np -scūras
rēocan (principal parts: pret sg:rēac pret pl:rucon pp:rocen ) 2 reek, smoke
* ptc as rēocendne
reord n speech, voice
* is reorde
reordian WII speak
* 3 pl reordiað
* pret 3 sg reordade
rest f rest
* ds reste
restan WI rest
* imp 2 pl restað
reste-dæg m day of rest, sabbath
rēðe adj fierce, cruel
* as rēðan
rīce adj powerful, of high rank and authority, rich
* ns rīca
* ds rīcan
* gp rīcra
* ap rīcan, rīce
* comp as rīcran
* supl ns rīcost
* supl np rīcostan
rīce n kingdom, sovereignty, authority
* gs rīces
* ds rīce
ricene (ricone, rycene, recene) adv quickly, hastily, instantly
rīclīce adv
powerfully
rīcsian (rīxian) WII rule, reign
* 3 sg rīxað
* 3 pl rīcsiað
* pret 3 sg rīcsode, rīxode
* 3 pl rīcsedon
rīdan
(principal parts: pret sg:rād pret pl:ridon pp:riden ) 1 ride
ridda m
rider
riht (ryht) adj right, just, correct
* as rihte
* comp ns rihtre
riht (ryht) n right
* as on riht, aright, rightly
rihte (ryhte) adv rightly, justly
* ðǣr rihte thereupon, straightaway
riht-fremmende (ryht-) (ptc) adj right-doing, righteous
riht-ge-lȳfed (-lēfed) (pp) adj having the right faith, right-believing
* ap -lēfedan
rihtlic adj right
rihtlice (ryht-)
adv rightly
riht-norþan-wind (ryht-) m direct north wind
* gs -windes
rihtwīs adj righteous
* ns -wīse
rīman WI count, number
* pret 3 sg -rīmde
   [Mod rime]
rīnan rain
* opt 3 sg rīne
rinc
m man, warrior
* gs rinces
rip (ryp) n
reaping, harvest
* gs ripes, rypes
rīxian see:rīcsian
rōd f rood, cross
* gs rōde (cf rōde-tācn)
* ds rōde
* as rōde
rōde-hengen f crucifixion
* ds -hengene
rōde-tācn (-tācen) n sign of the cross (in many cases not a compound)
* ds -tācne
* as rōdetācn, rōde tācn, tācn þǣre rōde, ǣnre rōde tācn, þysee rōde tācen
rodor m sky, heavens
* as rodor
Rōmāna gp m Romans, Rome
* Rōmāna rīce
Rōmāna-burh f city of Rome
* ds -byrig
Rōmānisc adj Roman
* np -lace, -lacan
Rōme ds city of Rome
romm m ram
* as rom
* gs rommes
rōse f rose
rotian WII rot
* 3 sg rotað
rōtlice adv cheerfully
rūm adj roomy, spacious
* np rūme
rūm-mōd adj magnanimous, bountiful, liberal
* np -mōde
rūn f (rune), secret meditation
* ds rūne
rycene see:ricene
rȳmet n room, space

## S

sǣ m f sea
* gs sǣs, sǣwe, sǣ
* ds sǣ
* as sǣ
sācerd m priest
* gp sācerda
   [Lat sacerdos]
sacu f strife, war, battle
* ds sæcce
   [sacan]
sǣd n seed
* gp sǣda
sæd adj sad, sated with, weary of (w gen)
   [Ger satt]
sǣdere m sower
Sǣfern f the Severn
* gs Sǣferne
* ds Sǣferne, Sǣfern
sǣgan WI
cause to sink, settle
* pp sǣged
   [sīgan]
sāgol m
club, staff, pole
* np sāglas
sǣ-grund m sea-bottom
sǣl m f
* prosperity, happiness, joy
* time, occasion
** ds sǣle
** as sǣl
   [cf ge sǣlig]
sǣlan
WI bind
   [sāl; Ger Seil]
sǣ-lida m sea-farer, pirate
* as -lidan
salowig-pād (saluwig-, salu-) adj having a dark, dusky coat (of a rave)
* as -pādan
sǣlð f happiness, blessing
* gp sǣlða
sam conj sam ... sam, whether ... or
same adv similarly
* swǣ same in like manner
samod see:somod
sǣ-monn
m sea-man
* np -men
* dp -mannum
sām-worht pp adj half-wrought, unfinished
   [cf Lat semi-]
sanct m saint
   [Lat sanctus]
sand f
* mission
** as sande
* service (of food), course, repast
** ds sande
   [sendan]
sār adj sore, grievous
* np sāre
sār m soreness, disease, pain
* ds sāre
sārig
adj sorry, sad
sǣ-rima m sea-shore, coast
* ds -rīman
sǣ-rinc m sea-man, pirate
sārlīc adj
sorrowful, sad
* ds -līcre
sārnis f affliction, distress, suffering
* ns sārnys
* ds -nysse
sār-wracu f
sorrowful, persecution or tribulation
* ds -wræce
sǣ-strand m sea-strand
* ds -strande
Sātanas (Sātan) m Satan
* ds Sātanase, Sātane
   [Lat Satana, Satan]
sāwan (sǣwan) (principal parts: pret sg:sēow pret pl:sēowon pp:sāwen )
R sow
* ger sāwenne
* 3 sg sǣwð
* pp gesāwen
* pl gesāwene
sāwol (sāwl) f soul
* ns sāwel, sāwl
* gs sāwle
* ds sāule
* as sāule, sāwle
* np sāula, sāwla
* gp sāwla
scafan
(principal parts: pret sg:scōf pret pl:scōfon pp:scafen ) 6 shave, scrape
scanca m
shank, leg
* np scancan
scand (sceand, scond, sceond) f shame
   [Ger Schande]
sceadu (scead, n) f shadow, shade
* ds sceade, scade
* ap sceadu
sceaft m shaft
scealc m
servant, man, rogue
* np scealcas
   [Ger Schalk; cf Mod marshal]
sceamian (scomian) WII
shame (impers w acc of pers and gen of thing)
* 3 sg scomað
seamu (scamu, scomu, sceomu) f
shame, dishonor
* ds sceame, scome
scēap n sheep
* gp scēapa
* ap scēap
sceard adj
(broken), bereft of (w gen)
   [Mod shard]
scearplīce adv sharply, quickly
scearpnis
f sharpness
* as -nysse
scēat m
corner, lap; district or quarter (of the earth)
* gp scēata
   [Ger Schooss]
sceatt m
money, treasure, payment, tribute
   [cf Mod scot-free]
scēað (scǣð) f sheath
* ds scēaðe
sceaða m enemy, fiend, criminal
* gs sceaðan
   [sceððan]
scēawian WII see, behold, examine (trans)
* ger scēawigenne
* ptc scēawigende
* 3 pl scēawiað
* imp 2 sg scēawa
* opt 3 sg scēawige
scēawung f seeing, surveying
* ds -unge
Scēo-burh f Shoebury (Essex)
* ds -byrig
sceocca (scucca) m evil spirit, demon, devil
* gp scuccena
* ap sceoccan
   [scēoh; cf Mod shy]
sceorian WI refuse
* pret 3 sg sceorede
scēotan (principal parts: pret sg:scēat pret pl:scuton pp:scoten ) 2
* shoot (trans and intr)
* push, thrust (trans)
** imp 2 pl scēotað
sceppend see:slieppend
sceððan (principal parts:
pret sg:scōd,scēod pret pl:scōdon,scēodon pp:scaðen ) 6 scathe, injure (w dat)
* 3 sg sceðeð
scieppan (scippan, scyppan, sceppan) (principal parts: pret sg:scōp,sceōp pret pl:scōpon,scēopon pp:scepen,sceapen ) 6 create
* pret 3 sg scēop
scieppend (scippend, scyppend, sceppend) m creator
* ns scippend, scyppend
* gs scyppendes
* ds sceppende
* as scyppend
scildan WI shield, protect
* pret 3 sg scilde
scīnan (principal parts: pret sg:scān pret pl:scinon pp:scinene ) 1 shine
* ptc scīnende
* 3 sg scīneð, scȳneð
* opt 2 pl scīnon
* 3 pl scīnen
scip (scyp) n ship
* gs scipes
* ds scipe, scype
* as scip
* np scipu
* gp scipa
* ap scipu, scypu, scypa
scipen (scypen, scepen) n stall, shed for cattle
* ds scipene
   [cf Mod shop; Ger Schuppen]
scip-flota m sailor, sea-man
* np -flotan
scip-here m fleet, squadron
scippend see:scieppend
scip-rāp m ship-rope, cable
* ap -rāpas
scīr adj sheer, bright, clear
scīr f shire, district, division
* gs scīre
* ds scīre (military division)
* as scīre
Sciringes-hēal
m Sciringesheal (Norway)
* ds -hēale
* as -hēal
scīr-monn m shire-man
* np -men
scofettan
WI shove, push (trans)
* 3 sg scofett
scolu
f shoal, multitude
scomian see:sceamian
scomu see:sceamu
Scōn-ēg f Skaane (southernmost district of the Scandinavian peninsula)
scop-ge-reord (sceop-) n language of poetry
* ds -reorde
scortlīce (sceortlīce) adv shortly, briefly
Scottas (Sceottas) m pl the Scots
* gp Scotta
scrīn
n shrine, chest
* ds scrīne
   [Lat scrīnium]
scrūd
n shroud; garment, clothing
scucca see:sceocca
scūfan (principal parts: pret sg:scēaf
pret pl:scufon pp:scofen ) 2 shove, push (intr)
sculan (sceolan) PP
shall, ought, be necessary
* 1 sg sceal
* 2 sg scealt
* 3 sg sceall
* 1 pl sculon
* 2 pl sceole [gē]
* 3 pl sculon (without inf)
* opt 3 sg scyle
* pret 3 sg sceolde [(according to report; cf Ger sollte)]
* 3 pl sceoldon, scoldon
* pret opt 3 sg sceolde
* 1 pl sceoldon
* 3 pl sceolden, scolden
scūr m
shower
scyld (scield, scild) m shield, protection; portion of a bird's plumage
* ds scylde
* as scyld
* ap scyldas
scyld f guilt, offense, sin
* gs scylde
* gp scylda
* ap scylda
   [sculan; Ger Schuld]
scyld-burh f shield-defense; phalanx
scyldig adj guilty
* ds scyldgan
scyld-wyrcende ptc adj evil-doing, sinful
scyll (scell) f shell, scale
* ds scylle
scyndan
WI hasten (intr)
* ptc scyndende
scȳne (scīene)
adj sheen, bright, beautiful
   [Ger schōn]
scyppend see:scieppend
scyttel (scyttels)
m shot, missile; bolt, bar
* ap acyttelas, scyttelsas
   [scēotan]
Scyttisc
adj Scottish
* as Scyttysc
sē (sēo, þæt) dem pron; def art
this, that, the (he, she, it)
* m ns sē
* m gs þæs
* m ds ðǣm, þām
* m as þone
* f ns sēo, sīo
* f gs þǣre
* f ds þǣre
* f as þā
* n ns þæt
* n gs þæs
* n ds þām
* n as þæt
* n is (m and n) ðȳ (ðī, ðig, ðē, ðon)
* np þā
* gp þāra (þǣra)
* dp ðǣm (ðām)
* ap ðā
* gs ðæs adv from that point of time, afterwards
* ðæs ðe from the time that; with what; according to what, as far as, as
* ðæs for this cause
* tō ðæs to that extent or degree
* is (w comp) þȳ sweotolor the more clearly
* þȳ ... þȳ
* þē lǣs lest
* þon mā þē any more than
* tō ðon to that degree
* be þȳ hereby
[All forms are frequent as antecedents to the relative particle ðe, thus forming the usual relative pron; the particle is sometimes omitted. See further: be, for lǣs, mid, tō]
sealm m psalm
* ap sealmas
   [Lat psalmus]
sealm-scop m psalmist
sealt adj salt
* ap sealte
Seal-sudu
m Selwood Forest (Wessex)
* ds -wudu
searolice adv
artistically
searu (searo) n art, trick, snare
* ap (or as) searo
* dp searwum, adv, skilfully
Seaxe m pl Saxons, Saxony
sēcan WI
seek, strive after
* ger sēceanne
* ptc sēcende
* 3 sg sēcð
* 3 pl sēcað
* tō him sēcað seek to them for
* pret 1 sg sōhte
secg m man, warrior
* gp secga
* ap secgas
secgan (secgean) WIII say, utter, tell, discuss
* inf secggan, secggean
* 1 sg secge
* 2 sg sægst
* 3 sg segð (impers), segeð
* 3 pl secgað
* imp 2 sg saga, sege
* pret 1 sg sægde, sǣde
* 3 sg sægde, sǣde
* 3 pl sægdon, sǣdon
sefa
m mind, mood, spirit
* as sefan
sēfte adj
soft, pleasant
* as sēftne
* comp as sēftran
segel
m n sail
* ds segle
segen (segn) m n
sign, ensign, mark, token
   [Lat sīgnum]
seglian WII sail
* pret 3 sg seglode
segnian (sēnian) WII make the sign of the cross, cross oneself
* ptc segniende
seldan (seldon) adv seldom
seld-cūð adj seldom known, unusual, rare
* gs -cūðan
sele m hall
   [Ger Saal]
sele-drēam m joy of the hall, revelry, festivity
* np -drēamas
sele-secg
m hero of the hall, retainer
* ap -secgas
self (seolf, sielf, silf, sylf) pron; adj
self, selfsame
* ns selfa, self, silf
* gs seolfes
* ds selfum, selfre, seolfum, sylfum
* as seolfne
* np selfe, selfan, seolfan
selflīce n
pride, vanity (=adj, selfish, vain, puffed up)
self-willes (sylf-) (gen) adv voluntarily
sēlla comp adj better
* ns selle
* supl ns sēlest
* supl np sēlestan
* supl gp sēlestena
sellan (syllan) WI sell, give, yield
* inf syllan
* ptc syllende
* 3 sg seleð, silð, sylð
* imp 2 sg sele, syle
* 2 pl sellað
* opt 3 sg selle
* pret 3 sg sealde
* 3 pl sealdon
* pret opt 3 sg sealde
* pp geseald
sellic adj seldom, choice, wonderful
   [<seld-līc]
sēllīc adj better, superior
* as sēllīcran
sendan WI send
* 3 sg sent
* imp 2 sg send
* pret 3 pl sendon
* pp sended, send
senep m n mustard
* gs senepes
   [Lat sināpi; Ger Senf]
sēo see:sē
sēoc (sīoc) adj
sick
* ns sīoca
* as sīocne
seofon (syfen, syfan)
num seven
* np seofone
seofon-feald adj
seven-fold
* ap -fealde
seofoða num seventh
* as seofoðe
seolfor n silver
* ds seolfre
* as seolfor
seolh (siolh) m seal
* gs sēoles, sīoles
seomian WII tarry, abide, continue (intr)
* 3 sg seomað
sēon (principal parts: pret sg:seah pret pl:sāwon,sǣgon pp:sewen,sawen )
5 see, look
* ger sēonne
seonað m
synod, assembly
   [Lat synodus]
set n seat, entrenchment
setl n
seat, throne
* gs setles
* ds setle
* as setl
settan WI
* set, place
** pret 2 sg settest
** 3 sg sette
* compose, write
** pret 3 pl setton
   [sittan]
si, sīe, sig see:bēon
sibb
f relationship, friendship, peace
* ns sib
* gs sibbe
* as sibbe
* gp sibba
   [Ger Sippe]
sib-ge-dryht f
peaceful host
siblīc adj peaceable
* ap siblecan
sibling m relative
siccetung f sighing, sigh
* as -unge
Sicilia-land n Sicily
* ds -lande
sicol m sickle
sīd adj
wide, extensive
* as sīdne, sīde, sīdan
   [cf Mod side]
sīde adv
widely
sīde f side
* ds sīdan
sido see:siodu
sīd-weg m wide way
siendon see:bēon
sīgan (principal parts: pret sg:sāg,sāh pret pl:sigon pp:sigen ) 1
sink, settle down, approach
* 3 pl sīgað
* pret 3 sg sāh
   [sēon, sift]
sige m victory
Sigen f the Seine
* ds Sigene
sige-wong m plain of victory
siglan
WI sail
* pret 3 sg siglde
sigor n m
victory
* gp sigora
sigor-fæst adj victorious
sigor-lēan m reward of victory
Sillende Zealand
simle
see:symble
sīn reflex poss pron his
sin, sind, sindon see:bēon
sinc n treasure
* gs sinces
* as sinc
sin-caldu f perpetual cold
   [symble; cf Ger Singrün]
sinc-gyfa m giver of treasure, lord
sinc-þegu f receiving of treasure
* as -þege
   [þicgan]
sin-drēam m everlasting joy
sin-gāl
adj constant, continual
* ds -gālan
sin-gāllīce adv
continually
singan (principal parts: pret sg:song pret pl:sungon pp:sungen ) 3 sing, compose poetry
* ptc singende
* imp 2 sg sing
sīoc see:sēoc
siodu (siodo, sido) m custom, morals
* ns sido
* as (or ap) siodo
   [Ger Sitte]
siolh see:seolh
sittan
(principal parts: pret sg:sæt pret pl:sǣton pp:seten ) 5 sit, take one's position, remain
* ptc sittende
* 3 sg sit
* imp 2 pl sittað
* opt 2 sg sitte
sīð comp adv later
* sīð and ǣr
   [Ger seit]
sīð m
* journey, going, motion
** gs sīðes
** ds sīðe
** as sīð
** is sīðe
* time, occasion
** ōðre sīðe ... ōðre sīðe on one occasion ... on another
   [sendan]
siðe-mest supl adj
latest, last
* ns -mesða (dial)
sīð-fæt m journey
siðian WII travel, go (intr)
* opt 1 sg siðie
* pret 3 sg sīðode
* 3 pl -edon
siððan (syððan, seoððan < sīððon, syþþan) adv (conj)
since, after, that, afterwards, when
slǣp m sleep
* ds slǣpe
* on slǣpe
slǣpan (slāpan) (principal parts: pret sg:slēp pret pl:slēpon pp:slǣpen )
R sleep
* ptc slǣpende, slāpende
* 3 sg slǣpð
* opt 3 sg slāpe
slēan (principal parts: pret sg:slōh,slōg pret pl:slōgon pp:slagen,slægen,slegen ) 6
* strike, smite, slay
** imp 2 sg sleah
** pret opt 3 sg slōge
** pp geslægen, geslegen
** sg geslagena (smite wth an affliction)
* construct
slege m stroke, blow, slaughter, death
* ds slege
   [slēan]
sliht (slieht) m slaughter, destruction
* ds slihte
   [slēan]
slītan (principal parts: pret sg:slāt pret pl:sliton pp:sliten ) 1 slit, tear (trans)
slīþen (slīþe) adj perilous, grim
smæl adj small, narrow
* comp ns smælre
* supl ns smalost
smēagan (smēan) WIII
think, reflect upon, consider (trans and intr)
* 3 sg smēað
* 3 pl smēagað
* opt 3 sg smēage
* pret 3 sg smēade
smēaung (smēagung) f contemplation, reflection
* ds -unga
smið m smith
* gp smiða
smiððe f smithy
* ds smiððan
smolt adj mild, peaceable
smylte adj mild, tranquil, peaceable
* ds smyltre
* is smylte
   [smolt]
smyltnes f smoothness, quiet, calm
   [smolt]
smyrian (smerian, smyrwan) WI anoint
   [smeoru]
snāw m snow
snell adj quick, active, keen, bold
* ns snel
* np snelle
   [Ger schnell]
sniðan
(principal parts: pret sg:snāð pret pl:snidon pp:sniden ) 1 cut
   [Ger schneiden]
snīwan
WI snow
* opt 3 sg snīwe
snotor (snottor) adj
discerning, wise
* ns snottor
* np snottre
snūde
adv quickly
   [Ger schleunig]
snytro (snyttru) f discernment, wisdom
   [snotor]
snyttru-cræft m discerning skill or might
sōfte adv softly, easily, pleasantly
* comp sōftor
solor (solere) m soler, upper floor or chamber
* ds solore, solere
   [Lat sōlārium; Ger Söller]
somnian WII
* collect, gather together (trans)
** 3 sg somnað
* assemble (intr)
** 3 sg (for 3 pl ?) somnað
   [Ger sammeln]
somnunga (semninga) suddenly, forthwith
somod (samod)
adv together
* somod ætgædere
sōn m sound
* gs sōnes
   [Lat sonus]
sōna adv soon
song (sang) m n song, poem
* gs songes
* is songe
* np song
song-cræft m art of song and poetry
sorg (sorh) f sorrow
* ns sorh
* ds sorge
sorg-full adv sorrowful
* comp ap -fulran
sōð adj sooth, true
* gs sōðan
* np sōðe
* ds tō sōðe, adv, in truth, truly
* dp tō sōðon
sōð-cyning m true King, God
sōð-fæst adj true, faithful
sōþ-fæstnis f truth
* gs -nysse
sōðlice
adv verily, truly, indeed
spæc see:sprecan
spāca m
spoke
* gs spācan
* np spācan
spǣtan
WI spit
* pret 3 pl spǣtton
spearca m
spark
* as spearcan
spearwa m sparrow
spēd f speed, success, riches, power
* as spēd
* np spēda
spēdan WI accede (w dat)
* 2 pl spēdað
   [spēd]
spēdig adj prosperous, rich, powerful
spel-boda
m messenger
   [bēodan]
spell n saying, story, narrative, message
* gs spelle
* as spell
* np spell
* gp spella
spere n spear
* ap speru
spillan WI spill, destroy
splott n splotch, blot, spot
spor n track, footprint
* ds spore
   [Ger Spur]
spōwan (principal parts: pret sg:spēow pret pl:spēowan pp:spōwen ) R succeed (impers w dat)
   [cf Ger sputen]
sprǣc f speech, language, saying, discourse
* gs sprǣce
* as sprǣce
* ap sprǣca
sprecan (specan) (principal parts: pret sg:spræc pret pl:sprǣcon
pp:sprecen ) 5 speak
* ptc sprecende
* 3 sg spricð, spriceð, sprecð
* pret 3 sg spæc
* 3 pl sprǣcan
sprengan WI
fly into pieces, burst, break (intr)
* pret 3 sg sprengde
   [springan]
springan
(principal parts: pret sg:sprong pret pl:sprungon pp:sprungen ) 3 spring (intr)
* pret 3 sg sprang
spyrian (spyrigean) WI; W II follow, search, inquire (intr)
* inf spyrigean
* 3 pl spyriað
   [spor]
staca m stake
* ds stacan
stæde-fæst see:stede-fæst
stæf m staff, rod; letter, writing
* ds stafe
   [cf Ger Buchstabe]
stæl-here m predatory, marauding army or band
* dp -hergum
stæl-hrān
m decoy-reindeer
* np -hrānas
stæl-wyrðe
adj stalwart, serviceable
stān m stone, rock
* ds stāne
* np stānas
stān-clif n stony cliff
* np -clifu
standan see:stondan
stǣnen adj
of stone
* ns stǣnene
* ds stænenne
* ap stǣnene
   [stān]
stān-hleoþ (hlīþ) n stony declivity, cliff
* ap -hleoþu
stān-scylig adj stone-shelly, stony
* ap -scyligean
   [scyll]
stæp-mǣlum (dp) adv step by step
stǣr n story, history, narrative
* gs stǣres
* as stǣr
   [Lat historia]
stæð
n shore
* ds stæðe, staþe
   [standan; Ger Gestade]
staðelian
WII establish
* pret 3 sg staðelode
   [staðol, foundation]
stēap
adj steep, lofty, precipitous
* as stēape
stearc adj
stark, strong
stēda m steed, stallion
* as stēdan
stede m stead, place
stede-fæst (stæde-) adj steadfast
* np -fæste, stæde-
stefn (stemn) f
* voice, sound
** ds stefne, stemne
** is stefne
* m, summons, term of military service
** as stemn
   [Ger Stimme]
stefn (stæfn) m stem, prow of a ship
* ds stefne
stemn see:stefn
stemnettan WI stem, resist, stand firm (intr)
* pret 3 pl stemnetton
stenc m stench, odor, fragrance
* as stenc
steng
m stang, pole, rod, bar
* ap stengas
   [stingan]
stēor-bord
n starboard, right side of a ship
stēor-rēþra m steersman
* ds -rēþran
steort m tail
* ds steorte
   [cf Mod start]
steppan (stæppan) (principal parts: pret sg:stōp pret pl:stōpon pp:stapen ) 6 step, advance, go
stician WII
* stick, stab (trans)
** pp gesticod
* stick, remain (intr)
** 3 pl sticiað
stīgan (principal parts: pret sg:stāg,stāh pret pl:stigon pp:stigen ) 1 ascend, rise, spring up
* 3 sg stīgeð
* opt 3 sg stigge
   [cf Mod sty]
stihtan WI
incite
* pret 3 sg stihte
   [Ger stiften]
stille adj
still, fixed
* ds stillan
* np stille, stillu
stilnes
f stillness, quiet
* ds -nesse
stincende
(ptc) adj stinking, of offensive smell
* supl ns stincendiste
   [stincan]
stingan
(principal parts: pret sg:stong pret pl:stungon pp:stungen ) 3 sting, stab, push through (trans)
* imp 2 sg sting
* pret 3 sg stang
stīð adj stiff, firm, stern, resolute, brave
* as stīðan
stīð-hycgende (ptc) adj firm of purpose, resolute, brave
stīð-hȳdig (-hygdig)
adj firm of purpose, resolute
stīðlīce adv stoutly, boldly, severely
* comp stīðlīcor
stoce m stock, stake
* ds stocce
stōd-hors n stallion
stondan (standan) (principal parts: pret sg:stōd pret pl:stōdon
pp:standen ) 6 stand, occupy a place, arise (intr)
* inf standan
* 3 sg stent, stynt, stondeð
* 3 pl stondað
storm m storm
* is storme
* np stormas
* gp storma
stōw f place
* ds stōwe
* as stōwe
* ap stōwa
   [Mod stow]
strǣl m f arrow, dart
   [Ger Strahl]
strand m strand
* ds strande
strang see:strong
strangian WII strengthen
* ptc strangende
   [strong]
stranglīc adj strong
* ds -līcre
stranglīce adv strongly
strǣt f
street, road
* ds strǣt
   [Lat strāta]
strēam m
stream
* ap strēamas
strec (stræc) adj stern, severe
* ns streca
* gs strecan
   [streccan]
strengðu (strengð)
f strength
strong (strang) adj strong
* as strangne
* np stronge, strange
* comp ap strangran
stund f
brief period of time
   [Ger Stunde]
Stūr-mere m estuary of the Stour (Essex)
stycce-mǣlum (dp) adv
piecemeal; here and there
stȳman WI steam (intr)
* 3 sg stȳmeð
   [stēam]
styrman WI storm (intr)
* opt 3 sg styrme
   [storm]
styrian WI stir, move (trans and intr)
* pret 3 sg styredon (w refl acc)
suā see:swā
sub-dīacon (-dēacon) m subdeacon
suelc see:swilc
sūð-stæð
n south coast
* ds -stæðe
sum pron adj
some, certain, some one, certain one (w gen)
* gs sumes
* ds sumum
* ds sumre
* as sumne
* is sume
* np sume, sumu
* ap sume, suma, sumu
* sum ... sum a part ... the rest
* sumes adv somewhat
* sumum ... sumum
* sume dæge one day
* sum hund about a hundred
* syxa sum one of six (with five others)
sumor (sumer) m summer
* gs sumeres (adv)
* ds sumera
sumor-lida m
summer-army (one that does not winter in the country)
   [līðan]
sun-bearo m sunny grove
sun-beorht adj
sun-bright
sundor adv apart
sund-plega m sporting in the waves, bathing
* ds -plegan
sunnan-dæg m Sunday
sunnan-ūhta m Sunday morning
* ds -ūhtan
sunn-bēam
m sunbeam
sunne f sun
* gs sunnan
* m sunna (?)
sunu m son
* gs suna
* as sunu, suna
* ap suna
sūpan
(principal parts: pret sg:sēap pret pl:supon pp:sopen ) 2 sup, drink
* ger sūpenne
sūsl n torment
* ap sūslo
sūð adv south, southwards
sūðan adv from the south
* be sūþan prep (w dat) south of
* wið sūþan (w acc)
sūþerne
adj southern
sūðe-weard adj southward
sūð-rima m
south coast
* ds -riman
sūð-rodor m southern sky
sūþ-ryhte adv southwards
sūð-sǣ m f south-sea (the sea south of England)
Sūð-seaxe pl m South Saxons, Sussex
* gp -seaxna
suwian
see:swigian
swā (swǣ) adv (dem and rel) so, as (manner, degree)
* swā forð so forth
* swǣ same in like manner
* swā ðēah however
* ēac swā also
* swā swā sa as, just as
* swǣ swǣ
* swā ... swā as ... as
* swǣ ... swǣ swǣ so ... (just) as
* swā swā so that
* swā ... swā (w comp) the ... the
* swā oft swā whenever
* swā hwider swā whithersoever
* swā hwā swā whosoever
* swā hwæt swā whatsoever
* bī swā hwaþerre efes swā on whichever side
swæcc m odor, fragrance
swālīce
adv so, thus
swan m swan
* gs swanes
swān m swain, peasant, young man
swār (swǣr) adj heavy, grievous
   [Ger schwer]
swǣs adj beloved, own
* as swǣsne
swǣsendu pl n dainties, banquet
swāt m sweat, blood
* is swāte
swæð n swath, track, footprint
   [swaðu]
sweart adj swart, black, tawny
* ds sweartan
swefn (swefen) n sleep, dream
   [swebban]
swēg m sound, harmony
* is swēge
* gp swēga
swēgan WI
sound, have sound or import (intr)
* 3 sg swēgð
   [cf Mod swoon]
swegel (swegl)
n sky, heavens
* gs swegles
* ds swegle
* as swegel
swegel-condel f candle or luminary of heaven
* gs -condelle
swelc, swelce see:swilc, swilce
swelgan (principal parts: pret sg:swealg pret pl:swulgon
pp:swolgen ) 3 swallow (trans)
* 3 sg swelgeð
sweltan (principal parts: pret sg:swealt pret pl:swulton pp:swolten ) 3 die
* 3 sg swelt
* opt 3 sg swelte
swencan WI trouble, molest, afflict, torment
* 3 sg swenceð
* opt 3 sg swence
* pp pl geswencte, geswencede
   [swincan]
sweng m stroke, blow
* gs swenges
   [swingan]
Swēo-land n Sweden
Swēom dp m the Swedes
swēora (swūra, swīra, swȳra) m neck
* ds suīran
* as swēoran, swūran, swȳran
sweord (swurd, swyrd) n sword
* ds swurde
* as sweord, swurd
* is sweorde
* gp sweorda
sweotol (swiotol, swutol) adj clear, manifest, distinct
   [cf Goth swikunþs]
sweotole adv clearly
* comp sweotoler
sweotolian WII make manifest
* 3 sg sweotolað
sweotolīce (swutelīce) adv clearly
swer m
pillar, column
* ds swere
* as swer
swēte
adj sweet
* as swētne
* comp ns swētra
* supl as swēteste
* supl ap swētestan
swētnis f sweetness
* gs -nysse
* ds -nesse
* as -nisse
sweðrian WII diminish, subside (intr)
* 3 sg sweðtrað
swīc-dōm m deception
swift adj swift
* comp np swiftran
* supl ap swyftoste
swīgian (swugian, sugian, suwian)
WIII be silent
* 3 sg swīað
* imp 2 sg suwa
* pp geswīged
   [Ger schweigen]
swilc (swylc, swelc) pron adj such
* ds swylcere, swylce, suelc
* dp swylcum, swilcum, suelcum
* as swylc swylce such as
swilce (swylce, swelce) adv conj
* (w indic) in such manner, thus, likewise
** ēac swylce
** ēac swelce
* (w opt) as if, as though
swimman (principal parts: pret sg:swomm pret pl:swummon pp:swummen ) 3 swim
* 3 pl swimmað
swīn (swȳn) n swine, hog
* gp swȳna
swincan (principal parts: pret sg:swonc pret pl:swuncon pp:swuncen ) 3 swink, labor, toil, strive (intr)
* 3 sg swincð
* 2 pl swincað
   [swingan]
swingan (principal parts: pret sg:swong pret pl:swungon pp:swungen ) 3 whip, swinge, scourge, strike, beat
* imp 2 pl swingað
swingel f whip, scourge
* as swingle
   [swingan]
swīnsian WII sound, make melody, sing
* 3 sg swīnsað
swīnsung f melody, harmony
* ds -unge
swīra see:swēora
swīð (swȳð) adj strong, active, severe
* comp ns swīðre, swȳðre
* comp ds swȳðran
* comp as swīðran
   [Ger geschwind]
swīðe (swȳðe) adv very, exceedingly, severely; (in supl) especially
* for swȳðe very severely
* comp swīþor, suīðor, swȳþor
* suīðor þonne rather than
* supl swīðost
* ealles swīþost most of all
* eallra swīþust most of all
swīðlīc adj intense, excessive
* ds -līcre
swol
n heat, burning
* gs swoles
* ds swole
   [swelan, /sweal/]
swongor adj heavy, inert
   [Ger schwanger]
swūra see:swēora
swurd see:sweord
swuster (sweosteor) f sister
* gs swyster
* as swuster
swutelīce see:sweotolīce
swylc, swylce see:swilc, swilce
swylt-cwalu f agony of death
* as -cwale
swylt-hwīl f hour of death
* ds -hwīle
swȳn see:swīn
swȳra see:swēora
sylen f gift
* as sylene
   [sellan]
sylf see:self
sylfren adj of silver
* ds sylfrenan
   [seolfor]
syll f sill, base, support
* ds sylle
symbel n feast, banquet
* ds symble
* gp symbla
symble (symle, simle) adv
ever, always
   [sin + mǣl]
symle see:symble
syn-bend m f n
fetter of sin or of hell
* ap -bendas
syn-byrþen f burden of sin
* ap -byrþenna
synd see:bēon
synderlīce
adv specially
   [sundor]
syndrig adj separate, private
syndriglīce
adv separately, specially
syn-full adj sinful
* gs -fullan
synlīc adj sinful
* ap -līcu
synn f sin
* np synna
* gp synna
synnig adj sinful
syrwan (sierwan) WI
* plot, machinate
* put on armor
** pp gesyrwed
   [searu]
Syr-ware pl m Syrians
* gp -wara
syððan see:siððan
syx (siex, six, sex) num gp syxa
syxtig num sixty
syxtig-feald adj sixty-fold
* as -fealdne

## T

tǣcan (tǣcean) WI teach, direct
* 3 sg tǣcð
* opt 3 pl tǣcean
* pret 2 sg tǣhtest
* 3 sg tǣhte
* 3 pl -on
tācen n token, symbol, sign, miracle
* as tācen
* is tācne
* np tācno, tācna
tācnian
WII symbolize, signify, represent
tægel m tail
tǣlan WI
reprove, blame
* pret 2 sg tǣldesð (dial)
* pp pl getǣlde
tam
adj tame
* np tamu
* gp tamra
tān (tā, f) m twig
   [cf mistel-tān /mistletoe/]
tapur (tapor) m taper
tǣsan WI lacerate, pierce
* pret 3 sg tǣsde
   [Mod tease]
teala see:teola
tēar m tear
* ap tēaras
tēar-gēotende (ptc) adj tear-shedding, tearful
* gs -gēotendre
telga m branch
* np telgan
Temes f the Thames
* ds Temese
tempel n temple
* ds templ
* as templ
   [Lat Templum]
teohhian (tiohhian) WII arrange, appoint, direct, destine
* 3 sg tiohhað
* 1 pl tiohhiað
* pret 3 sg teohhode
* pp tiohhod, getiohhod
   [teoh, Ger Zeche]
teola (teala, tela) adv properly, well
   [til]
teolian, teolung
see:tilian, tilung
tēon (tīon) (principal parts: pret sg:tēah pret pl:tugon pp:togen ) 2 draw, betake oneself, go
* 3 sg tīehð
* opt 3 sg tīo
tēon (tēogan)
irreg arrange, create
* pret 3 sg tēode
   [cf teohhian]
tēonlīce
adj grievously
   [tēon, /accuse/; Mod teen]
Ter-finna gp the Terfins
tīber n
offering, sacrifice
* ds tībre
   [cf Ger Ungeziefer]
tīd f
tide, time, hour
* ds tīde
* is tīde
* np tīda
tīgan WI tie
* pp getīged
tihtan see:tyhtan
til adj good
   [Ger Ziel]
tilian (teolian) WII
* endeavor, strive, after
** inf teolian
** 3 sg tiolað
** 3 pl tiliað
* provide, treat, gain (w gen)
** 3 pl tilgað opt 3 sg tilige
   [Mod till]
tilung (teolung) f
tillage, husbandry
* gs teolunge
tīma m time
* ds tīman
timbran WI build, construct
* pret 3 pl timbredon
tin-treg n torment
* np tintrega
* dp tinttregum
* ap -trega, tyntrega, -trego, -tregu
tin-treglīc adj
full of torment
* gs -līcan
tiohhian see:teohhian
tīr m fame, glory, honor
   [Ger Zier]
tīr-ēadig adj glorious
tīr-fæst adj famous, glorious
* as -fæste
* as -fæst
tīr-meahtig adj of glorious might
tīðian WII
grant (w dat of pers and gen of thing)
* ger tīðienne
tō prep
* (w dat instr) to, at, for (place, time, indirect relation, condition); conducing to, for, as; sign of gerund; w verbs to inquire, seek, learn; prep adv
** tō ðǣm adv, to such an extent or degree, so
** tō ðām
** tō ðon
** tō þon to that (time)
** tō sōðon truly
** tō dæg to-day
** tō dæge
** tō ðearfe according to what is needed (cf for benefit)
** tō ðǣr to where; belonging thereto
** ðǣr tō ēacan in addition thereto
* (w gen)
** tō ðæs adv [(= tō ðæm) (hwon)] moreover, however
tō adv
too
tō-æt-ȳcan WI add
* pret 3 sg -ætȳhte
   [ēac]
tō-berstan 3 burst, break asunder
* pret 3 sg -bærst
tō-brǣdan WI spread out
* pp -brǣdd
tō-brecan
4 break in pieces, destroy, break through
* opt 3 sg -brece
* pret 3 sg -bræc
* 3 pl -brǣcon
* pp -brocen
* sg -brocenan
tō-ceorfan
(principal parts: pret sg:-cearf pret pl:-curfon pp:-corfen ) 3 carve out
tō-clēofan 2
cleave asunder
* 3 sg -clēofeð
tō-cnāwan R know, acknowledge
* opt 3 sg -cnāwe
tō-cuman 4 come, arrive
* pp -cumen
tō-cwȳsan WI crush
* 1 sg -cwȳse
* pp pl -cwȳsede
   [Mod squeeze]
tō-cwȳsednis f crushed condition
* gs -nysse
tō-cyme m arrival, advent
tō-dāl n separation, difference
tō-dǣlan WI divide, separate
* 1 sg -dǣle
* 3 pl -dǣlað
* pp -dǣled
tō-emnes
prep (w dat) alongside
tō-faran 6 separate, disperse (intr)
* pret 3 sg -fōr
tō-foran prep (w dat) before (time and place)
tō-gædere adv
together
tō-gēanes prep (w dat) toward, before
tō-ge-ðēodan WI join
* pret 3 sg -þēodde
tō-hopa m hope
* as -hopan
tō-lēsan see:tō-lȳsan
tō-lēsnes
f dissolution, violation, breach
tō-licgan 5 lie between, separate
* 3 sg -līð
tō-lȳsan (-lēsan) WI loosen, relax, unhinge
* pp tōlēsed
tō-middes prep (w dat) amidst, amongst
tō-niman 4 take apart, separate, open, lift up
* imp 2 pl -nymað
* pp -numen
torht adj
bright, glorious
* ns torhte
torn n anger, indignation
   [Ger Zorn]
tōscēad n distinction, difference
tō-slūpan 2 slip away
tō-smēagean (-smēagan) WIII think over in detail, inquire into, consider
* inf -smēagian
to-stencan WI scatter, drag along
* 3 pl -stencaþ
   [stincan]
tō-teran 4 tear in pieces
* pret 3 sg -tær
tō-twǣman WI separate
* pp -twǣmed
   [twēgen]
tōð m tooth
* np tōðas
* dp tōþum
* ap tēð
tō-weard adj toward, approaching, imminent, future
* gs -weardan
* as -wearde
* gp -weardra
tō-weard
prep (w dat) toward
tō-wearde adv in advance, beforehand
tō-wegan 5
disperse
* pp -wegen
tō-weorpan (-wurpan) (principal parts: pret sg:-wearp pret pl:-wurpon
pp:-worpen ) 3 overthrow, destroy
* inf -wurpan
* 1 sg -wurpe
tō-wurpan see:tō-weorpan
traht-bōc f treatise
* ap -bēc
   [trahtian Ger trachten]
trēo f tree, wood
* gs trēowes
* ds trēowe, trēo, trȳw
trēow f
faith, pledge, agreement
* as trēowe
* ap trēowa
trēowen
adj of a tree, wooden
* ds trēowenre
* as trēowene
Trūsō an ancient city on the Drausensea
trūwa m confidence
* as trūwan
trymm (tremm) n short distance, step
* as trym
trymman (trymian) WI confirm, exhort
* inf trymian
* pret 3 pl trymedon
* pp trymed
   [Mod trim]
tū see:twēgen
tūcian WII ill-treat, torment, punish
* pret 3 sg tūcode
tūdor (tūddor) n offspring, issue
* gs tūddres
* as tūdor
tūn m (enclosure), town, village, homestead
* ds tūne
   [Ger Zaun]
tunece f tunic, coat
* as tunecan
   [Lat tunica]
tunge f tongue
* as tungan
tūn-ge-rēfa m town-reeve, bailiff, steward of a manor
* ds -gerēfan
tungol
n (m) luminary, star
* np tungla
* gp tungla
* ap tunglu
turf f turf
* ds tyrf
tūwa (tūwwa twūwa trīwa) adv twice
twā see:twēgen
twēgen num m twain, two
* n tū
* nom twā
* acc tū, twā
* on tū in two
* tū swā lange adv twice as long
* f twā
* gen (of all genders) twēga
* dat twǣm, twām
twelf num twelve
* nom twelfe
* dat twelfum
twēntig num twenty
twēonian (twȳnian) WII doubt (impers)
* 3 sg twēlonað, twȳnað
twēonung (twȳnung) f doubt
* ds twȳnunge
twī-feald adj two-fold
tȳdernis (tȳddernis) f weakness
* as tȳddernysse
   [tūdor]
tȳdran WI beget, bring forth
* 3 sg tȳdreð
   [tūdor]
tyht (tiht) m training, instruction; motion, progress
* ds tyhte
   [tēon]
tyhtan (tihtan) WI instigate, urge, persuade, exhort
* pret 3 sg tihte
   [tēon]
tyhting (tihting) f instruction, advice
* dp tihtingum
tȳman WI beget, engender
* pret 3 sg tȳmde
   [tēam]
tȳn (tīen) num ten

## ð (þ).

þā adv; conj (dem and rel)
then, when
* þā þā then when
* þā hē þā ... þā when he then...then
   [Ger da]
þā see:sē
þafian WII consent to, permit; endure, suffer
* 3 sg þafað
* opt 3 sg þafige
* pret 3 sg þafode
þǣm, þām
see:sē
ðanc (ðonc) m grace, mercy, thanks
* ns ðonc
* gs ðonces
* Godes þonces through the mercy of God
* mīnes ðonces by my favor
* as þanc
* ap ðancas
ðancian
WII thank (w dat of pers and gen of thing)
* 1 sg þancige
* 1 pl þanciað
* pret 3 sg ðancode
ðanon see:ðonan
ðǣr (ðār)
adv (dem and rel) there, where
* þǣr þǣr there where
* tō þǣr
* to where
* ðǣr inne
* ðǣr on
* ðǣr tō
* ðǣr tō ēacan
* ðǣr ūtan
* ðǣr wið
þǣre, þǣra, þāra see:sē
ðās see:ðēs
þæs see:sē
þæslīce
[(cf þyslīc)] adv suitably
þæt (þætte < þæt þe) conj that, so that
* swā þæt so that
ðe rel particle that, which; (conj) because, or; w comp, than
* sē þe he that, that
* þām þe see:(see sē)
* for ðǣm ðe see:(see for)
* oð ðe see:(see oð)
* ðe ... ðe
* whether...or
* hwæðer ... þe
þē see:ðū and sē
ðēah (ðēh) conj adv
though, however, nevertheless
* ðēah ðe
ðearf f need, behoof, requirement, benefit
* ds þearfe
* as þearfe
   [þurfan]
ðearfa
m poor man
* np ðearfan
þearfende (ptc) adj
being in want
ðearle adv severely
þearlīc adj severe, cruel
þēaw m habit, custom, practice, behavior
* ap ðēawas
   [Mod thews]
þeccan WI cover
* 3 sg þeceð
* 3 pl þeccað
* pret 3 sg þeahte
   [cf Mod thatch; Ger decken]
þegen (þegn, þēn) m
servant, thane, officer, retainer, warrior
* ns þegn
* as þegen, þegn
* np þegnas, þegenas, þēnas
* gp þegna, þēna
   [Ger Degen]
ðegenlīce adv in a manner becoming a ðegen, faithfully
ðegnian (ðēnian) WII
* serve (w dat)
** pret 3 sg ðēnode
* perform (a service), supply another with anything
** inf ðēnian
ðēh see:ðēah
þēn see:þegen
ðencan
WI think, consider, resolve, intend
* 1 sg ðence
* 2 sg ðencest
* 3 sg ðencð, ðenceð
* pret 3 sg ðōhte
þenden conj adv while, as long as
ðēnian see:ðegnian
ðēnig-monn m serving-man
* ap -men
þēnung (þēning) f service, ministration, office; attendants; service of a meal; book of a service
* ds þēnunga
* as þēnunge
* np þēnunga
* ap ðēnunga, ðēninga
þēod (þīod) f people, nation
* gs ðēode
* ds ðēode, ðīoda
* as ðēode
* np ðēoda, ðīoda
* gp ðēoda
   [Ger deutsch]
þēoden m chief, lord, prince, king
* ds ðēodne
* as þēoden
þēod-land n inhabited country
þēod-scipe
m service, discipline
* as -scipe
ðēof m
thief
* ap ðēofas
ðēon (principal parts: pret sg:ðāh pret pl:ðigon
pp:ðigen ) 1 thrive, prosper, succeed
* pret 3 sg ðēah
   [Mod obs thee, Ger gedeihen]
ðēos see:ðēs
ðēoster-full adj full of darkness
* ap -fulle
ðēostro (ðīostro, ðȳstro) f n darkness
* gs ðīostro
* as (or ap) ðīostro, ðȳstro
* gp ðēostra
* dp þīostrum, ðȳstrum
ðēow (ðīow) m servant
* ds þēowe
* gp ðēowa, ðīowa
   [cf þegen]
ðēowa m servant
* np ðēowan
ðēow-dōm m service
ðēowian WII
serve (w dat)
* ptc ðēowigende
* 3 sg þēowað
* 3 pl þēowiað
* pret 1 sg þēodde
* 3 sg þēode
ðēs (ðēos, ðis)
dem pron this
* m ns ðēs
* m ds þeossum
* m as ðisne, þysne
* m is ðȳs
* f ns ðēos, þīos
* f gs ðisse
* f ds ðisse, ðeosse
* f as þās
* n ns ðis
* n is ðȳs
* f ds ðissum, þysum
* np (all genders) ðās
* gp (all genders) ðissa, ðissera
* dp (all genders) ðiosum, þeossum
* ǣr ðissum
* as þis
* oð ðis
þiccnes f thickness
* as -nesse
ðicgan 5 receive, take, consume, eat
* ger þicgenne
* 3 sg þigeð
* pret 3 pl þēgun
ðider (ðyder, ðidres) thither
þider-weard adv thither-ward
þider-weardes adv thither-wards
þīn
poss pron thine
* ns þīn
* ds þīnre, þi-num
* as þīnne
* gp þīnra
* ap þīne
þīnen
f handmaid
* ap þīnena
   [þegen]
ðing
n thing
* gs ðinges
* ds þinge
* as ðincg
* np ðing
* dp ðingum
* for ðiosum ðingum for this reason
ðingere m one that pleads a cause, advocate
* np þingeras
ðingian WII plead a cause, intercede for another (w dat)
* 3 pl þingiað
* opt 3 sg þingie
* pret opt 3 sg þingode
ðingung f
advocacy, intercession, mediation
* as -unge
þīod see:þēod
ðīostro see:ðēostro
ðīow see:ðēow
ðīowot-dōm (ðēowot-)
m service
* ap -dōmas
ðis see:ðēs
þolian WII
* suffer, endure, undergo
** ger þolianne, ðoligenne
** pret 3 sg þolade
* endure, hold out (intr)
   [Ger dulden]
þon see:sē
ðonan (ðonon, ðanon) adv thence
ðonan-weard adj on the way thence
þone see:sē
þonne (þænne) adv (dem and rel) then, when; w comp than
* þonne þonne then when
* þonne þonne ... þonne
* þonne ... þonne
þorn m thorn
* np þornas
þoterung f lamentation
þrāg (þrāh) f time
* as þrāge
* þrāge adv for a time
* dp at times, sometimes
ðrēagean (ðrēagan, ðrēan) WIII rebuke, reprove, oppress
* ger ðrēagenne
* pret 3 sg ðrēade
þrēat m crowd, troop, flock
ðrī (ðrīe, ðrȳ, ðrēow, ðrīow) num three
* nom þrȳ, þrēo
* gen þrēora
* dat þrīm
* acc þrīe, ðrȳ, þrīo
þridda num adj
third
* ns þridde
* gs þriddan
* ds þryddan
* as þridde, -an
þringan (principal parts: pret sg:þrong pret pl:þrungon pp:þrungen )
3 throng, press or crowd together
* 3 pl þringað
   [Ger dringen]
þrīnnis
f trinity
* ds þrȳnnysse
þrīst (þrīste) adj
bold, confident, resolute, rash, presumptuous
* np ðrīste
   [Ger dreist]
ðrī-tēne (ðrēo-, -tȳne, ðrēottȳne) num
thirteen
ðrītig (ðrīttig, þrīttig) num thirty
* gs þrītiges, ðrītigra
þrītig-feald adj thirty-fold
* as -fealdne
ðrīwa adv thrice
þrotu f throat
* ds þrotan
ðrōwian WII suffer
* ger ðrōwianne
* ptc þrōwiende, þrōwigende
* 3 sg ðrōwað
* pret 2 sg þrōwodest
* 3 sg -ade
ðrōwung f suffering
* ds -unge
þryccan WI oppress, afflict
* pp þrycced
   [Ger druecken]
þrymlīce adv gloriously
þrymm m multitude, host, strength, force, renown, glory
* ns þrym
* gp þrymma
þrym-sittende
(ptc) adj sitting in glory
* ds -sittendum
þrȳð (þrȳðo) f
might, majesty, copiousness
* np þrȳþe
* dp multitude
ðū
second pers pron thou
* gs ðīn
* ds ðē
* as ðec, ðe-
* dual nom git (gyt)
* dual gen incer
* dual dat inc
* dual acc incit (inc)
* np gē
* gp ēower
* dp ēow, īow
* ap ēowic (ēow), ēow, īow
* gyt būtū both of you
þunor m thunder
* gs þunres
þurfan
PP need, be required, have occasion
* 2 sg þearft
* 3 sg þearf
* 1 pl þurfe wē
* opt 2 sg þurfe
* 3 pl þyrfen
* pret 3 sg ðorfte
* 3 pl ðorfton
   [Ger duerfen]
ðurh prep (w acc) through (condition, agency)
* ðurh þæt þe
þurh-flēon 2 fly, fly through
* opt 3 sg -flēo
þurh-scēotan 2 shoot through, pierce
* 3 sg -scēoteð
* pp p -scotene
þurh-slēan 6 smite through
* 3 sg -slyhþ
þurh-tēon 2 (draw through), fulfil, accomplish
þurh-wadan (principal parts:
pret sg:-wo-d pret pl:-wōdon pp:-waden ) 6 go through, penetrate
ðurh-wunian WII continue, be steadfast
* ptc -wuniende
* pret 3 sg -wunode
* 3 pl -odon
þurst m thirst
ðurstig adj thirsty
* ds ðurstigum
ðus adv thus
ðūsend n thousand
* gp þūsenda
* ap þūsende
þwēan (principal parts: pret sg:ðwōh pret pl:ðwōgon pp:ðwægen ) 6 wash
* pret 3 sg ðwōh
þwyrnis (þweorhnis) f perversity
* ds -nysse
* dp -nyssum
   [ðweorh]
þȳ see:sē
þȳdan WI submit
* opt 1 kpl þȳdon
   [ðēod]
ðyncan WI seem, appear
* 3 sg ðynceð
* opt 3 pl ðyncen
* pret 3 sg þūhte
* pret opt 3 sg þūhte
* pp geðūht
* 3 sg ðyncð, ðynceð, ðincð
* mē ðyncð methinks
* opt 3 sg ðince
* pret 3 sg þūhte
ðyrstan WI thirst after (w gen)
* opt 3 sg ðyrste
   [ðurst]
þyslīc (þuslīc, þæslīc) pron adj such
* np þyslīco
ðȳstro see:ðēostro

## U

ufan adv from above, above
ufe-weard adj
upward, upper, higher up
* ds -weardum
ufor adv further away
ūhta m dawn
* gp ūhtna
ūht-song m morning song; matins
* ds -songe
* as -song
un-ā-berendlīc adj intolerable
* as -līce
un-ā-secgendlīc adj unspeakable
* ds -līcum
un-ā-ðroten
(pp) adj unwearied, indefatigable
* np -ðrotene
   [ðrēotan]
un-ā-wendendlīc
adj unchangeable
un-be-boht adj (ptc) unsold
* gp unbebohtra
   [bebycgan]
un-be-fohten (pp) adj unopposed
* np -fohtene
un-bryce adj imperishable
   [brecan]
uncer see:ic
un-coþu f disease
* as uncoðe
un-cūð adj unknown, uncertain
un-cyst f vice, wickedness
* ds -cyste
* ap -cyste
under prep (w dat and acc)
* under (w dat)
* (w acc)
** under bæc adv backwards [(cf ofer bæc)]
under-be-ginnan (principal parts: pret sg:-gonn pret pl:-gunnon pp:-gunnen ) 3
undertake
* ger -ginnene
under-fenge m undertaking
under-fōn (principal parts: pret sg:-fēng pret pl:-fēngon pp:fangen ) R undertake, receive, assume
* ger -fōnne
* ptc -fōnde
* 3 pl -fōð
* opt 3 pl -fōn
* pret opt 3 sg -fēnge
under-gietan (-gitan -gytan) 5 perceive
* pret 3 sg -geat
undern m mid-morning, morning
under-scēotan (principal parts:
pret sg:-scēat pret pl:-scuton pp:-scoten ) 2 support
* pp pl -scotene
under-stondan 6 understand
* inf -standan
* 3 sg -stent
under-ðēodan see:under-ðīedan
under-ðīedan (-ðȳdan, -ðēodan, -ðīodan) WI subject to
(w reflex acc and dat)
* pret opt 3 pl -ðīodden
* pret 3 sg -ðēodde
* pp -ðīed, -ðēod, -ðdēoded
* pl -ðēodde
under-ðīodan see:under-ðīedan
un-drēfed (pp) adj untroubled, undisturbed, undefiled (of water)
un-earg (-earh) adj not cowardly, brave
* np -earge
un-ēaðe adv not easily, with difficulty
un-ēaðelīce (-ȳðelīce, -ēðelīce) adv
with difficulty
un-fæger adj not fair, unsightly, foul
un-feor adv
not far, near
un-for-bærned (pp) adj unburned
un-for-cūð adj reputable, excellent, brave
un-forht adj fearless, undaunted
* np -forhte
un-forht-mōd adj fearless
un-friþ m hostility
* ds unfriþe
un-gearo adj unprepared, unready
* gs -gearowes
un-ge-cyndelīc adj unnatural, terrible
* ap -cyndelīce, -cyndelīco
un-ge-endod (pp) adj endless
* as -endode
* ap -endodan
un-ge-fōge adv excessively
un-ge-frǣglīce adv
(to an unheard of degree), unquestionably, incredibly
un-ge-fullod (pp) adj unbaptized
un-ge-hīrsum adj disobedient
un-ge-lǣred (pp) adj unlearned, ignorant
* np -lǣredan
un-ge-lǣrednes f want of learning, ignorance
* ds -nesse
un-ge-lēaffull
adj unbelieving
* np -fulle
* ap -fullan
un-ge-lēafulnes f unbelief
* ds -nesse
un-ge-līc
adj unlike (w dat)
un-ge-limplīc adj unfitting, shameful
* ap -līco
un-ge-metlīce adv immoderately
un-ge-rād adj
at variance, discordant
* np -gerāde
un-ge-rēdelice (-rǣdelīce -rȳdelīce) adv insecurely
* supl -līcost
un-ge-sǣlig adj unhappy
* ns -sǣliga
* np -sǣlige
un-ge-sǣlð f misfortune
* gp -sǣlða
un-ge-scēadwīs adj undiscerning, unintelligent, irrational
* ds -wīsum
* np -wīse
un-ge-sewenlīc adj invisible
* np -līca
un-ge-trum adj weak, infirm
* np -trume
un-ge-þwǣre adj at variance, discordant
un-ge-þyldig adj
impatient
* np -þyldige
un-ge-wemmed (pp) adj undefiled, pure
un-ge-wuna m evil habit
* gs -wunan
un-ge-wyrded (pp) adj uninjured
un-glēawnes f want of discernment
un-hāl
adj not hale, ill
* dp -hālum
un-hēanlīce adv
not ignominiously, nobly
   [Ger Hohn]
un-lǣred (pp) adj unlearned, ignorant
* np -lǣrde
un-lybba m poisonous drug
* as unlybban
un-mǣte adj immeasurable
un-mihtig adj without might, weak
* ns -myhtig
un-myltsiendlīc adj unpardonable
unnan PP grant, favor (w dat of pers and gen of thing)
* 3 sg an
* pret 3 sg ūðe
* pret opt 3 pl ūþon
un-nēdig adj without compulsion or restraint; of one's own volition
* np -nēdige
   [nēad]
un-nytt (-nett) useless
* ns -nyt, -net
   [nēotan]
un-ofer-swīðelīc adj unconquerable
* np -līce
un-orne adj old
un-rǣd m
evil counsel, folly
* dp (adv) -rǣdum
un-riht adj wrong, wicked, unjust
* np -rihte, -rihtan
* dp -ryhtum
un-riht n
wrong, sin, injustice
un-rihtlīce adv wrongfully
un-rihtnes f wrong, unrighteousness
* ds -nesse
un-riht-wīsnes f unrighteousness, injustice
* gs -ryhtwȳsnysse
un-riht-wyrhta m evildoer
* np (voc) -wyrhtan
un-rīm n countless number
un-rōt adj
sad, disconsolate
un-rōt-mōd adj sadhearted
un-rōtnes f sadness, contrition
un-scæððig adj innocent
* gs -an
un-sceaðfulnes f innocence
* as -nesse
un-scyldig
adj guiltless, innocent
* gs -scyldgan
* as -scyldigan
* ap -scyldge
un-smēþe adj not smooth, uneven, rough
* gs -smēþes
un-spēdig adj poor
* np un-spēdigan
un-staðol-fæst adj unstable, unenduring
* np -fæste
un-stille adj moving
* np unstillu
un-stilnes
f disturbance
* as -nesse
un-tela adv
improperly, wrongly
un-trēowsian WII deceive
* pp pl geuntrēowsode
un-trum adj weak, infirm, ill
* as -truman
* gp -trumra
* ap -trume, -truman
un-trumnes (-try-) f weakness, illness
* ds -nesse
* np -nyssa
* dp -nyssum
* ap -nyssa
un-ðanc-wurðe adj ungrateful, unacceptable
un-ðēaw m
evil practice, vice
* np -ðēawas
* gp -ðēawa
* ap -ðēawas
un-wāclīce adv unwaveringly
un-wær adj unwary
* np -waran
* comp ns -wærre
un-wærlīce
adv unwarily, rashly
un-wærscipe m carelessness, folly
un-wealt adj
not 'walty,' steady
* comp np unwealtran
un-weaxen (pp) adj
not grown, young
un-wemme adj undefiled, pure
un-wierðe (-wyrðe) adj unworthy of
(w gen)
un-windan (principal parts: pret sg:-wond pret pl:-wundon, pp:-wunden ) 3 unwind, uncover
un-wīs adj unwise
* np -wīse
* ap -wīse
un-wīs-dōm m unwisdom, ignorance
* ds -dōme
un-wit-weorc n foolish work
* dp -weorcum
un-wið-metenlīce adv incomparably
un-wlitigian WII change the appearance of beauty of anything
* 3 sg -wlitegað
un-wrecen (pp) adj unpunished
   [wrecan]
un-wrītere m incorrect writer
ūp (ūpp, upp) adj up, upwards
* wið upp above, upwards
ūp-ā-hafenes f exaltation
* ds -nesse
ūp-ā-hebban 6 exalt, lift up
* 3 sg -hefeð
* pp dp hafenum
ūp-ā-rǣred (pp) adj exalted
* ns upp-
ūp-ā-stīgnes f ascension
* ds -nesse
ūp-ā-wend pp directed upward
* dp -wendum
ūp-gang m
* rising (of the sun)
** ds -gange
* way up, approach
** as -gang
ūp-lǣdend (ptc) adj
towering
* gp -lǣdendra
ūp-līc adj upper, heavenly
* gs upplīcan, ūplīcan
uppe adv up, above
* uppe on lande up into the land
uppon prep (w dat) upon
* on uppan
ūpp-stīgan 1 rise, spring up
* ptc as -stīgendne
ūp-stige m ascension
* ds ūp-stige
ūre
poss pron our
* gs ūres
* ds ūrum
* as ūrne, ūre
* np ūre
* gp ūra
urnon
see:yrnan
ūs see:ic
ūser poss pron our
* np ūsse
ūsic see:ic
ūt adv out, without
ūtan adv from without, outside
ūtan-bordes
(gen) adv abroad
ūte adv out, outside, without
ūter-mere m
outer, open sea
ūtera (ūterra, ȳtra, ȳttra) comp adj outer
* ns ūterre
* ap ȳttran
* supl uttermost, extreme, last
* supl ap ȳtmæstan
ūte-weard
adj outward, outside
* ds -weardum
ūt-gong m
departure, exodus
* ds -gonge
uton see:wuton
ūð-wita m wise man, philosopher
* as -witan
* np -wiotan

## W

wā [(cf wēa)] m
* woe
* interj
** wālāwā alas
** wēi lā wēi
wāc adj weak, pliant, insignificant, mean
* ds wācum
* as wācne
wæcce f watch, waking
* ap wæccan
wācian WII become weak, waver
wāclīc adj weak, mean
* ds -līcum
wācnis f weakness; insignificance
* ds -nysse
wacol adj awake, vigilant
* comp ns wacolre
wacollīce adv vigilantly
wadan (principal parts:
pret sg:wōd pret pl:wōdon pp:waden ) 6 wade; advance, go, travel
wǣdl (wǣðl, wēðl) f poverty, want
* ns wēðel
* gs wǣdle
wǣdla
m poor man
wǣdlian WII be poor, beg
* ptc wǣdligende
* opt 2 pl wǣdlion
wǣfels m n covering, dress
* ds wǣfelse
wǣfer-sȳn f spectacle, display
* ds -sȳne
wāfian WII be agitated or astonished
* 3 pl wāfiað
wǣg (wēg) m wave
* gp wǣga
* ap wǣgas
   [wegan; Ger Woge]
wagian WII wag, move (intr)
* pret 3 sg wagode
wæl n
* body of the slain, slaughter, carnage
* battle-field
   [wōl 'pestilence'; cf Mod Valhalla]
wæl-feld m field of slaughter
* ds -felda
wæl-gīfre adj greedy for slaughter
* np -gīfru
wæl-hrēow adj slaughterhouse, murderous, cruel
* ns -hrēowa
* ds -hrēowan
wæl-rēaf n spoil of the slain, of the destroyed
wæl-rest (-ræst) f
bed of slaughter
* as -ræste
wæl-sleaht (-sliht) m slaughter
* ns -sliht
* gp -sleahta
wæl-spere n
deadly spear
wæl-stōw f place of slaughter, battle-field
* gs -stōwe
* ds -stōwe
   [cf Ger Wahlstatt]
wæl-wulf m slaughter-wolf, warrior
* np -wulfas
wamb see:womb
wǣn (wægn) m
wain, wagon
* gs wænes
* as wǣn
wandian
WII waver, hesitate
* pret 3 sg wandode
   [windan]
wandrian WII wander, vary, change
* ptc wandriende
* opt 3 sg wandrige
wan-hāl (wann-) adj unhealthy, weak, ill
* dp wann-
wan-hȳdig adj heedless, rash
wanian WII wane, diminish, fade, perish (intr)
* 3 sg wanað
* 3 pl waniað
wan-spēdig adj
destitute, poor
* ap -spēdigan
wǣpen n weapon
* ds wǣpne
* as wǣpen
* np wǣpen
* gp wǣpna
wǣpen-ge-wrīxl n conflict (exchange) of weapons
* gs -wrīxles
wǣr f security, covenant, trust
* ap wǣra
wǣre, wǣron see:bēon
wǣr-fæst adj covenant-keeping, faithful
warian WII guard, protect, attend
* 3 sg warað
warnian (wearnian)
WII take warning, take heed
* imp 2 pl warniað
waroð (waruð, wearoð) m
shore
* ds waroðe
   [Ger Werder]
waru f
defence
* ds ware
waru f ware, article of merchandise
* as ware
wæs see:bēon
wæstm
m (n) growth, fruit, product, result, benefit
* ds wæstme
* as wæstm
* np wæstmas
* ap wæstma
   [weaxan]
wæstm-bǣre adj
fruit bearing, fruitful
wæstmian WII grow, increase
wǣt n drink
* gs wǣtes
wæter n water
* gs wæteres
* ds wætere
* as wæter
* np wæter
* ap wæteru
wæter-fæsten n water-fastness, place protected by water
* ds -fæstenne
wāð f motion, going, flight
waðum m wave
* gp waðema
* dp waðeman
wē see:ic
weald m weald, forest
* ds wealda
* as weald
* np wealdas
wealdan (principal parts: pret sg:wēold pret pl:wēoldon pp:wealden ) R wield, control, direct, govern (w gen)
* 3 sg welt
* opt 3 sg wealde
* 3 pl wealden
wealdend (waldend) m ruler, lord
* ns waldend
* np waldend
Wealh-ge-fēra (or -ge-rēfa) m commander of the troops on the Welsh border (or, reeve of the King's Welsh serfs)
wealh-stōd m interpreter, translator
* gp -stōda
* ap -stōdas
weall
m wall, rampart
* ns weal
* gs wealles
* ds wealle
* as weall
* np weallas
weallan (principal parts: pret sg:wēoll pret pl:wēollon pp:weallen ) R be agitated, well, boil
* ptc weallende
* ds -endum
weal-steall m wall-place, foundation
* as -steal
wealwian WII wallow, roll
* ptc wealwigende
* opt 3 pl wealowigen
* pret 3 sg wealwode
weard
m ward, guard, keeper
* ns gs weardes
weardian WII
guard, keep, occupy
* 3 sg weardað
* 3 pl weardiað
wearm
adj warm
wearmian WII become warm
* 3 pl wearmiað
wēa-tācen n token of woe
weaxan (wexan) (principal parts: pret sg:wōx,wēox
pret pl:wōxon,wēoxon pp:weaxen ) 6 and R wax, grow, increase
* ptc as wexendne
* 3 sg wexð weaxeð
* 3 pl weaxað
* opt 3 sg wexe
* pret 3 sg wēox
webbian WII weave; contrive
* ger webgenne
weccan WI wake, arouse (trans)
* inf 3 sg wecceð
wecg m wedge
* ds wecge
wēdan
WI be mad, rage
* pret 3 sg wēdde
   [wōd]
weder
n weather
weder-condel f (weather candle) sun
weg m
way
* as weg
* dp wegas
* ap wegas
* gs weges
* his weges his way
* on weg away
* aweg away [(< on weg)]
* ealne weg always see:(see eall)
wēg see:wig
wegan (principal parts: pret sg:wæg pret pl:wǣgon pp:wegen )
5 carry
weg-farende ptc adj wayfaring
weg-nest n m
provisions for a journey; viaticum
* is -neste
wel adv well
* ēac wel likewise abundantly
* wel hwǣr almost everywhere
wela m
weal, prosperity, riches
* gs welan
wel-dǣd f good deed
* dp
weler m lip
* ap weleras
welig adj wealthy, prosperous, rich
* np welige
* dp welegum
* ap welegan
wel-willende (ptc) adj
well-willing, benevolent
* ds -willendum
wēn f hope, expectation, supposition
   [Ger Wahn]
wēnan WI ween, hope, expect, suppose, imagine, think
* inf ger wēnanne
* 1 sg wēne
* 2 sg wēnst
* 3 sg wenð
* 1 pl wēnað
* 2 sg wēne
* 3 pl wēndon
wendan
WI
* wend one's way, turn, go, change (intr; refl acc)
** 3 sg went
** opt 3 sg wende
** pret 3 sg wende
** 3 pl wendon
* turn, change, translate (trans)
** 3 sg went
** opt 3 sg wende
** 1 pl wenden
** 3 pl pret
** 3 pl wendon
   [windan]
wennan
WI [(wenian W II)] accustom, entertain (trans)
* wenian mid wynnum entertain joyfully
* pret 3 sg wenede
* wenede tō wiste feast
wēofod see:wīg-bed
Weonod-lund (Weonoð-) n Wendland
* ns Weonoð
* ds -lande
weorc n work, action, deed
* gp weorca
* ap weorc
weorold see:woruld
weorpan (wurpan)
(principal parts: pret sg:wearp pret pl:wurpon pp:worpen ) 3 throw, cast
* opt 3 sg wurpe
weorþ (wurþ) n worth, value
* ns wurþ
* as wurþ
weorðe (weorð, wyrðe) worthy (w gen or dat)
* ns wyrðe
* gs wyrðes (w dat)
* comp as wyrðran
* supl np weorðoste
weorðan (wurðan) (principal parts: pret sg:wearð pret pl:wurdon pp:worden ) 3 become (pass aux)
happen (intr)
* 2 sg wurþest
* 3 sg wyrð
* 3 pl weorðað
* opt 3 sg weorðe
* 3 pl weorðen
* pret 3 sg
* pret opt 3 sg wurde
   [Ger werden]
weorðian (wurðian) WII honor, worship
* 3 sg wurðað
* 3 pl weorðiað
* opt 3 sg weorðige
* pret 3 sg wurðode
weorðlīc adj worthy, honorable
* as -līcne
weorðlīce (wurðlīce) adv worthily, honorably
weorð-mynd (wurð-mynt) f m honor, reverence, glory
* ns wurðmynt
* gs wurðmyntes
* ds wurðmynte
* as wurðmynt
weorð-scipe m honor, dignity
wēpan
(principal parts: pret sg:wēop pret pl:wēopon pp:-- ) R weep
* ptc dp wēpendum
wer m man
* gs weres
* ds were
* as wer
* np weras
* gp wera
   [Goth wair; cog Lat vir; cf Mod Werwolf]
werian WI
* defend (w refl acc)
** pret 3 sg werede
** 3 pl weredon
* clothe
** pp pl werede
   [Mod wear]
wērig adj weary, dejected
* as wērigne
* np wērige
wērig-mōd adj spirit-weary
* ns
werod (wered, weorod) n
band of men, army, host
* ds werode
* is werode werede weorode
* gp weoruda
* dp weorodum
   [wer]
wesan see:bēon
west adv west; west, westwards
westan adv from the west
westan-wind m west-wind
* gs -windes
wēste
adj waste, desolate
wēsten n waste, desert
* ds wēstenne, wēstene
* as wēsten
west-dǣl m west quarter or region
* ap -dǣlas
west-lang adj extending west
West-sǣ m f
West-sea (the sea west of Norway in opposition to the East-sea ie the Baltic Sea)
West-seaxe pl m the West-Saxons; Wessex
* gp -seaxna, -seaxena
* dp -seaxan
wēðel see:wǣdl
wīc m f n
wick, dwelling-place, camp
wicg n horse
* ds wicge
wīc-ge-fēra (or better, -gerēfa) m bailiff, or reeve, of a wick or village
wīcian WII dwell, lodge, encamp
* 3 pl wīciað
* pret 3 sg wīcode
* 3 pl -odon
wicing m viking, pirate
* as gp wīcinga
* ap wīcingas
wīc-stōw f dwelling-place
* ds -stōwe
wīde adv widely
* sīde and wīde far and wide
wīd-gill adj broad, extensive
* as -gillan
wīd-sǣ
f open sea
wif n wife; woman
* gs wīfes
* ds wīfe
* as wīf
* gp wīfa
* ap wīf
wīf-cȳþþ f (home or) company of a woman
* ds -cȳþþe
wīf-hād m woman-hood
* gs -hādes
wīfian WII marry (intr)
* pp gewīfod
wīg m n war, battle
* ns gs wīges
* ds wīge
wīg (wīh, wēg) m altar
* as wēg
   [cf Ger weihen]
wiga m warrior
* as wigan
* gp wigena
wīg-bed (wīh-bed, wēobed, wēofod) n altar
* as wēofod
* ap wīgbed, wīgbedo
   [-bed < bēod 'table']
wīgend m warrior
   [Ger Weigand]
wīg-haga (wīh-) m (war-hedge), line of battle, phalanx
* as wīhagan
wīg-heard adj resolute in battle
* as -heardne
wīg-plega m (war-play), battle
* ds -plegan
wīg-smið m (war-smith), warrior
* np -smiðas
wiht (wuht) f n wight, person, creature; whit, thing, anything
* ns wuht
* gs wuhte
* ds wuhte
* as wihte wuht
* nǣnig wuht adv not at all
Wiht f Isle of Wight
wilde adj
wild
* ns wilda
* np wilde wildu
* ap wildan
wildor n wild beast or animal, reindeer
wil-ge-dryht f willing retinue
wil-giefa m gracious giver, lord
willa m will, determination, purpose, desire, pleasure
* ds willan
willan irreg will, be willing, wish, be about to
* 1 sg wille
* 2 sg wilt, wylt
* 1 pl willað
* 3 pl wyllað
* opt 2 sg wille
* 3 sg wile
* pret 1 sg wolde
* 2 sg woldes
* 3 sg wolde
* 3 pl woldon
* pret opt 3 sg wolde
* 3 pl wolden woldon woldan
[w neg see nyllan (= ne-willan)]
will-sele m delightful dwelling
will-wong m plain of delight
* ds -wonge
wilnian
WII desire, wish (w gen or acc)
* ptc wilnigende
* 1 sg wilnige
* 3 sg wilnað
* 3 pl wilniað
* opt 3 sg wilnie
* pret 2 sg wilnadest
* 3 sg wilnode
wilnung f wish, desire
* ds -unga
wil-sum adj desirable, delightful
* dp -suman
wil-sumnes f willingness
* ds -nesse
Wil-tūn m Wilton (Wiltshire)
* ds -tūne
wīl-wendlīc see:hwīl-wendlīc
wīn n wine
* ds wīne
Win-burne f Wimborne (Dorsetshire)
* ds -burnan
wind m wind
* gs windes
* ds winde
* as wind
* np windas
windan
(principal parts: pret sg:wond pret pl:wundon pp:wunden ) 3
* wind, twist, brandish (trans)
** pret 3 sg wand
* turn, go, fly (intr)
windig
adj windy
wine m friend, lord
* ap winas
   [wynn]
Winedas pl m Wends; country of the Wends
wine-dryhten (-drihten)
m friendly lord
* gs -dryhtnes
* as -drihten
wine-lēas adj friendless
* ns
wine-mǣg
m friendly kinsman
* gp -mǣga
* ap -māgas
winnan (principal parts: pret sg:wonn pret pl:wunnon pp:wunnen ) 3 fight, strive (intr)
* 1 pl winnað
* imp 2 sg wyn
* pret 3 sg wann
wīn-sæl n wine-hall
* np -salo
Wintan-ceaster (Winte-)
f Winchester
* ds -ceastre Winteceastre
winter m
winter (in reckoning time, the equivalent of Mod year)
* gs wintres
* adv ds wintra
* as winter
* gp wintra
winter-cearig adj full of the care of years
winter-ge-wǣde n weed, garment or covering of winter
winter-ge-weorp n winter storm
winter-scūr
m winter shower
winter-tīd f winter-tide
* ds -tīde
wiota see:wita
wiotan see:witan
Wir-hēal m Wirral (Cheshire)
* ds Wīrhēale
wis
adj wise
* ds wīsan
* is wīse
* np wīse
wīs-dōm m wisdom, learning
* gs -dōmes
* ds -dōme
* as -dōm
wīse f
wise, manner, condition, idiom; matter
* as wīsan
wīsian WII direct, guide
* pret 3 sg wīsode
Wīsle f the Vistula
Wīsle-mūða m the mouth of the Vistula
* as -muðan
wīslīc
adj wise
wīs-monn m wise man
* ns -mon
wisnian WII wither, waste away
* pret 3 sg wisnode
   [weornian]
wissian WII direct, guide (w dat)
wist f
food, provision, feast
* ds wiste
* np wista
* ap wiste
   [wesan]
wist-fullian WII feast (intr)
* opt 2 sg -fullige
wit, wyt see:ic
wita (wiota) m
wise man, councilor
* np witan wiotan
* dp wytum
* gp witena wiotona
   [witan]
witan (wiotan) PP know
* ger witanne, wiotonne
* 1 sg wāt
* 2 sg wāst
* 3 sg wāt
* 1 pl witon
* imp 2 sg wite
* opt 1 pl witen
* 2 pl wite gē
* pret 1 sg wiste
* 3 sg wisse
* 3 pl wiston
* pret opt 3 sg wisse
* 1 pl wissen
[w neg, see nytan (= ne-witan)]
wīte n
punishment, torment, injury
* gs wiites
* as wīte
* np wītu
   [Ger Verweis]
wīte-dōm m prophecy
wītega (wītiga, wȳtega, wītga) m
seer, prophet
* ns wȳtega wītga
* as wītegan wītgan
* np wītgan
* dp wȳtegum
   [cf Mod wiseacre]
wītegian WII prophesy
* pret 1 sg wītegode
* 3 sg wītgode
Wīt-land n
Witland (in Prussia, on the Baltic Sea)
wītnian WII punish, torment, injure
* 3 sg wītnað
* 3 pl wītniað
* pret 3 sg wītnode
   [wīte, cf Mod twit]
wītnung f
torment, punishment
witodlīce adv truly, indeed
wið prep (w gen dat acc)
* with (w gen) toward, to (motion, direction)
* with (w dat) toward, for, against (direction, exchange, opposition) prep adv
* with (w acc) toward, along, with, against (motion, direction, location, extension) (association, contrast, opposition);
** wið ēastan adv to the east
** wið upp upwards, above
** wið ēastan prep (w acc) east of
wiþerian
WII oppose
* pres ptc wiþerigende
wiþer-lēan n
requital, reward
   [cf Mod guerdon]
wiþer-sæc n hostility, opposition
* ds -sæce
   [sacan]
wiðer-weardlīce (wyðer-werdlice) adv in a hostile manner
wiðer-winna (wȳðer-wynna) m
adversary
* ns wyðerwynna
* as wyðerwynnan
wið-hogian
WII disregard (w gen)
* pret 3 sg -hogode
wið-innan
adv from within; within
wið-metan (principal parts: pret sg:-mæt pret pl:mǣton pp:meten ) 5
measure or compare with (trans)
* 1 pl -mete wē
wið-metenes f
comparison
* ds -nesse
wið-sacan 6 strive against, renounce (w dat)
wið-stondan (-standan) 6 withstand, resist (w dat)
* inf -standan wyðstandan
wið-ūtan adv from without; without
wlanc see:wlonc
wlencu f pride
* np wlencea
   [wlonc]
wlītan (principal parts: pret sg:wlāt pret pl:wliton pp:wliten ) 1 look (intr)
* 3 pl wlītað
wlite m appearance, countenance, beauty
   [wlītan; cf Ger Antlitz]
wlitig adj beautiful, fair, pleasing
* comp ns wlitigra
wlitig-fæst adj of enduring beauty
wlitigian WII beautify, adorn
* 3 sg wlitegað
wlonc (wlanc) adj proud
* ds wlancan
* as wlancne
* np wlance
wōd adj
mad, raging
   [Mod obs wood; Ger Wut]
Wōdnes-dæg m Wednesday
wōdnis f
madness
* ds -nysse
wōh (wōg, wō) adj crooked, wrong
* as noun, wrong, perversion
* ds tō wōge
* as wōh, on wōh, on wōn
wōh-dǣd f wrong deed
* np -dǣda
   [wōlīcum]
wōhlīc (wōlic) adj wrongful
wōhlīce (wōlīce) adv wrongly, amiss
wōhnes (wōnes) f wrong, error, wickedness
* np wōnessa
* dp wōnessum
wolcen n cloud
* ds wolcne
* np wolcen
   [Mod welkin]
wōlīc, wōlīce see:wōhlīc (-līce)
wōma
m noise, alarm, terror
womb (wamb) f belly
* as wambe
   [Mod womb]
womm (wamm) m stain, defilement, sin
wōnes see:wōhnes
wong (wang) m plain, field
* gs wonges
wonn (wann) adj dark
* ns won
wōp
m weeping, lamentation
* ds wōpe
   [wēpan]
word
n word
* ds worde
* as word
* np word
* gp worda
wōrian WII move, totter, crumble to pieces
* 3 pl wōriað
worn m large number, multitude
woruld (worold, weoruld, world) f
* world
** ns weorld, world
** gs worulde, worolde
** ds worulde, weorulde
** as woruld, weoruld
* long period of time, cycle, eternity
** ds tō worulde, in worulde
** as and gp on worlda world
woruld-ār (worold-) f worldly honor
* as woroldāre
woruld-caru
f worldly care
* ap -cara
woruld-cund adj
worldly, secular
* gp -cundra
woruld-frēond (world-) m
worldly friend
* gp worldfrēonda
woruld-ge-sǣlig adj worldly prosperous
woruld-ge-sǣlð (weoruld-) f worldly fortune
* np weoruldgesǣlða
woruld-ge-strēon n worldly riches
woruld-hād (weoruld-) m secular life
* ds weoruldhāde
* as -hād
woruldlīc (worold-, world-) adj worldly
* ap woroldlecan
* gp -līcra
* ap worldlīcu
woruld-rīce (world-) n kingdom of the world, world
* ds world-rīce
woruld-rīce (world-) adj having worldly power or riches
* gp worldrīcra
woruld-ðing (worold-)
n worldly thing or affair
* gp -ðinga, worold-
* ap ðing
woruld-wela (worold-) m worldly weal, prosperity, riches
* gp woroldwelena
* ap -welan
woruld-wisdōm m worldly wisdom
wōð-cræft m art of song
* is - cræfte
   [wōd]
wræc-hwīl f period of exile or of distress
* ds -hwīle
wræc-lāst m track or path of exile, exile
* ap -lāstas
wræc-sīð m journey of exile or of peril, exile
* ds -sīðe
* as sīð
wracu f persecution, cruelty, distress
   [wrecan]
wrǣtlīc adj ornamental, splendid, wondrous
* np -līce
   [wrǣtt, 'ornament']
wrǣtlīce adv splendidly, wondrously
wrāð adj wroth, angry, hostile
* gp wrāþra
wraðu f support, sustenance
* as wraðe
wrecan (principal parts: pret sg:wræc pret pl:wrǣcon pp:wrecen ) 5
banish, persecute, wreak, avenge, punish
* 1 pl wrecað
* opt 3 sg wrece
* 3 pl wrecen (w dat)
* pret opt 3 sg wrǣce
wrēgan WI accuse
* 3 pl wrēgað
* opt 3 sg wrēge
* pret 3 pl wrēgdon
   [wrōht]
wrenc m wrench, bending, twist, trick, deceit; modulation
* gp wrenca
   [Ger Rank]
wrīdan 1 grow
* 3 sg wrīdeð
wrīdian WII grow, flourish
* 3 sg wrīdað
writ
n writ, writing
* np writu
wrītan (principal parts: pret sg:wrāt pret pl:writon pp:writen )
(1) write
* 1 pl wrītað
* opt 3 sg wrīte
* pret 3 pl wreoton
* pp gewryten
wrītere m writer
* ds wrītere
* ap wrīteras
wrīxendlīce adv
in turn
wrīxlan WI change, exchange
* 3 sg wrīxleð (of the play of colors)
   [wrīxl, Ger Wechsel]
wrōht m f persecution, accusation, strife, enmity
* ap wrōhtas
   [Goth wrōhs, Ger Ruge]
wucu (wice, weoce) f week
* gs wucan
* gp wucena
wudu m wood, forest
* gs wuda
* ds wuda
* as wudu
* np wudas
wudu-bēam m tree of the forest or grove
* gp -bēama
wudu-bearo m forest, grove
* gs bearwes
* ds bearwe
wudu-blǣd (blēd) f blossom of the grove
* ap -blēda
wudu-fæsten n forest-fastness, place protected by woods
* ds -fæstenne
wudu-holt m n forest, grove
wuduwe (widuwe, wydewe) f widow
* gs wydewan
* as wydewan
wuht see:wiht
wuldor n glory, honor, dignity
* ds wuldre
* as wuldor
wuldor-cyning m glorious King
wuldor-fæder m glorious Father
wuldor-fæst adj immutable in glory
* ns -fæsta
wuldor-full adj glorious
* ns -fulla
* ds fulre
wuldor-fullīce adv gloriously
wuldor-gāst m glorious Spirit
wuldor-torht adj gloriously bright
wuldor-þrymm m glorious might or excellence
* ap -þrymmas
wuldrian WII glorify
* ptc wuldrigende
* imp 2 pl wuldriað
wulf m wolf
wund f wound
* as wunde
* np wunda
* ap wunda
wund adj wounded
wundor n wonder, marvel
* gp wundra
* ap wundra
wundorlīc adj wonderful, wondrous
* ds -līcum
wundorlīce adv wondrously
* comp wundorlīcor
wundrian WII wonder at a thing (w gen)
* ptc wundrigende
* 3 pl wundriað
* pret 1 sg wundrode, -ade
* 3 sg -ode
* 3 pl -odon
wunian WII dwell, remain, continue, live (intr)
* ptc wunigende
* 3 sg wunað
* imp 2 sg wuna
* (w. local acc.) pret 3 sg wunode, -ade
wunung f dwelling, abode, 'living'
* as -unge
* ap unga
wurma m (murex?) phenicine, purple red, or crimson
* dp wurman
wurpan see:weorpan
wurð, wurðian see:weorð, weorðian
wurð-mynt see:weorð-mynd
wuton (uton) opt 1 pl of wītan: "go"; used to introduce an imperative or an adhortative clause, "let us"
wylla (wiella, willa) m
well, spring, fountain
* as willan
* np wyllan
   [weallan]
wylle-ge-spryng m n well-spring
wylle-strēam m fountain-stream
* gp -strēama
* ap -strēamas
wylm (wielm, welm) m f welling, boiling, surging, fervor
* ds wylme, welme
* as wylm
   [weallan]
wynlīc
adj joyful, pleasant
wynlond n land of joy
wynn (wyn) f
joy, delight; w gen crowning joy, the best
* gs wynne
* gp wynna
   [Ger Wonne]
wyn-sum adj winsome, delightful
* np wynsumu
* gp -sumra
* ap -sume
* comp ns -sumra
wynsumlīc adj
winsome
wyn-sumnes f winsomeness
* ds -nesse
wyrcan (wyrcean) WI work, make, perform, do
* 3 sg wyrcð, wircð
* imp 2 sg wyrc
* opt 3 sg wyrce
* 3 pl wyrcen
* pret 3 sg worhte
* 3 pl worhtun
wyrd f weird, fate, destiny
* gs wyrde
* ds wyrde
* as wyrd
* gp wyrda
   [weorðan]
wyrhta m wright, worker, maker
* np wyrhtan
wyrm m worm, serpent
* gs wyrmes
* gp wyrma
wyrm-līca m figure of a dragon (?); serpentine ornamentation (?)
wyrnan WI
deny, refuse, withhold (w dat of pers and gen of thing)
* pret 3 sg wyrnde
* 3 pl -don
   [wearn 'refusal'; Mod warn]
wyrsa, wyrrest see:yfel
wyrt f wort, root, plant, herb
* np wyrta
* gp wyrta
   [Ger Wurz]
wyrt-truma
m root
* as wyrtruman
wyrðe see:weorðe
wȳscan WI wish (w dat of pers and gen of thing)
* pret 3 sg wȳscte

## Y

ȳdel see:īdel
yfel
adj evil, bad
* as yflan
* np yfle, yflan
* gp yflena
* dp yflan
* comp ns wyrsa
* comp np wyrsan
* supl dp wyrrestum
* supl ap weorstan, wyrstan
yfel n
evil, wickedness, mischief
* gs yfeles
* ap yfelu
* dp yflum
yfele adv badly, miserably
yfelnis f wickedness
* as -nysse
yfel-willende (ptc) adj willing evil, evil-minded
yfel-wyrcende (ptc) adj evil-doing
yflian WII wrong, injure
* 3 sg yflað
* pret 3 sg yflode
ylca see:ilca
ylding f tarrying, delay
* ds yldinge
   [eald]
yldo (yldu, yld, ieldu, ield) f age
* gs ylde
* as ylde, yldu
   [Mod eld]
yldra (ieldra) m ancestor, parent
* np ieldran, yldran
* gp yldrena
* ap yldran
   [eald]
ymbe (ymb, embe)
prep w acc; adv around, about (place, time); concerning
ymbe-sprǣc f comment, remark, criticism
* as -sprǣce
ymb-fōn R grasp, seize
* 3 sg -fēhð
ymb-hwyrft m circuit
ymb-hȳdignis (-hygdignis) f reflection, anxiety
* ds -nysse
ymb-sellan WI encompass
* pret 3 sg -sealde
ymb-settan WI surround
* 3 sg seteð
* pp pl -sette
ymb-sittan 5 besiege
* pret 3 pl -sǣton
ymb-ūtan adv about, around
yrfe-numa m
heir
* np yrfenuman
yrfe-weard m heir
yrhðu (-yrhðo) f cowardice
* as yrhðo
   [earh]
yrmð (yrmðo, iermð, ermð) f poverty, care, hardship, misery
* ns yrmðu
* ds yrmðe
   [earm]
yrnan (iernan, irnan) (principal parts: pret sg:arn pret pl:urnon pp:urnen ) 3
run
* inf irnan
* ptc yrnende (of a ship; also of years)
yrre (ierre) n anger
yrre (ierre, eorre) adj angry, enraged
ys see:bēon
ȳsen see:īsen
ȳsle f
ashes
* np ȳslan
ȳst f storm
yteren adj of an otter
* as yterenne
   [otor]
ȳtmæst see:ūtera
ȳttra see:ūtera
ȳð
f wave
* np ȳða
ȳðan WI
lay waste (trans)
* pret 3 sg ȳðde
ȳð-faru f
wave-course, flood
* ds -fare
ȳð-mere m ocean of waves