OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Shirley, William

Edition of 1900.
SHIRLEY, William, colonial governor of Massachusetts, b. in Preston, Sussex, England, in 1694; d. in Roxbury, Mass., 24 March, 1771. He studied law and came to Boston in 1731, where he practised his profession. He was a commissioner for the settlement of the boundary between Massachusetts and Rhode Island, and acted as such when he was appointed governor of Massachusetts in 1741. He administered the government of the colony until 1745, and in this year planned the successful expedition against Cape Breton. He was in England from 1749 till 1753, and was one of the commissioners at Paris for settling the limits of Nova Scotia and other controverted rights in 1750. In 1753 he returned as governor of Massachusetts, treated with the eastern Indians in 1754, explored Kennebec river, and erected several forts. He was Commander-in-chief of the forces in British North America at the opening of the French war in 1755, planned the expedition of Gen. John Prideaux against Niagara, and went with it as far as Oswego. In 1759 he was made lieutenant-general, and he afterward became governor of one of the Bahama islands, but returned in Massachusetts in 1770 and built the mansion in Roxbury that was afterward the residence of Gov. Eustis. He published “Electra,” a tragedy; “Birth of Hercules,” a mask; a “Letter to the Duke of Newcastle,” with a journal of the “Siege of Louisburg” (1745); and the “Conduct of Gen. William Shirley brifly stated” (London, 1758). — His son, William, was killed with Gen. Braddock in 1755. — Another son, Sir Thomas, b. in Boston; d. in March, 1800, was a major-general in the British army, created a baronet in 1786, and was governor of the Leeward islands.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Shober, Gottlieb

Edition of 1900.
​SHOBER, Gottlieb, clergyman, b. in Bethlehem, Pa., 1 Nov., 1756; d. in Salem, S. C., 27 June, 1838. His parents removed when he was young to Bethabara, a Moravian settlement in the south, and gave him a common-school education. He taught for a few years, then learned the trade of a tinsmith, and began business in Salem, S. C. where he soon combined a bookstore with his tinshop, became postmaster, and built the first papermill south of the Potomac. While an apprentice he had studied law, was admitted to the bar, and soon acquired an extensive practice among the German settlers. Later he became a large landowner, had numerous slaves, and was frequently elected to the legislature. After his fiftieth year he desired to enter the ministry, but, finding it impossible to take the long theological course that was required by the Moravian church, he induced the village authorities to make a change in their laws, which, being confirmed by the legislature, permitted another denomination within their borough. He then took a course of reading, and in 1811 was appointed by the Lutheran synod pastor at Salem. The indignant Moravians tried to compel him to leave the town, but he proved his right to remain by their own recent enactment, and labored there gratuitously till a few years before his death. He was a founder of the general synod of the Lutheran church, of which he was president in 1825, and one of the committee to prepare a Lutheran hymm-book, and to publish the translation of Luther's catechism. In 1825 he was a director of the theological institution which adopted measures for the formation of the seminary at Gettysburg, Pa., to which he left three thousand acres of land. He translated Stelling's “Scenes in the World of Spirits,” and prepared “A Comprehensive Account of the Rise and Progress of the Christian Church by Dr. Martin Luther” (Baltimore, Md., 1818).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Simmons, George Frederick

Edition of 1900.
​SIMMONS, George Frederick, clergyman, b. in Boston, Mass., 24 March, 1814; d. in Concord, Mass., 5 Sept., 1855. He was graduated at Harvard in 1832, and, after being employed as a private tutor, prepared for the ministry at Cambridge divinity-school, where he completed his course in 1838. He was ordained the same year as an evangelist of the Unitarian denomination, and at once went to Mobile, Ala., where he began his ministry. Owing to his decided opposition to slavery, he remained there only until 1840, when he was obliged to fly for his life, and barely escaped the fury of a mob. In November, 1841, he was ordained pastor of the Unitarian church at Waltham, Mass. Meantime he had become deeply interested in certain theological questions which he felt he could not solve while engaged in pastoral work, and so resigned in the spring of 1843 and sailed for Europe, where he remained until October, 1845, spending most of the time at the University of Berlin, and being brought much in contact with the German historian, Neander. In February, 1848, he was called to Springfield, Mass., as the successor of Dr. William B. O. Peabody. Here, while he was greatly admired by part of his congregation, others regarded him with less favor, and in 1851 he was compelled to resign, after preaching two sermons on a riotous assault that had been made in the town on George Thompson, the English anti-slavery apostle. In January, 1854, he was installed pastor of a church at Albany, N. Y., but in the summer of 1855 he was attacked by typhus fever, from the effects of which he never rallied. Mr. Simmons was distinguished by an acutely philosophical mind, a strong sense of right, and a thoughtful and reverent spirit. “I knew him well,” said his classmate, Samuel Osgood, “loved him much, and respected him even more.” He was retiring in his habits, and his somewhat unsocial nature was no doubt an obstacle in the way of his exercising a proper influence on his flock. He published “Who was Jesus Christ?” a tract (Boston, 1839); “Two Sermons on the Kind Treatment and on the Emancipation of Slaves, preached at Mobile, with a Prefatory Statement” (1840); “A Letter to the So-Called ‘Boston Churches’ ” (1846); “The Trinity,” a lecture (1840); “Public Spirit and Mobs,” two sermons delivered at Springfield on the Sunday after the Thompson riot (1851); and “Faith in Christ the Condition of Salvation” (1854). Six of his sermons were published in one volume soon after his death (Boston, 1855).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Shirlaw, Walter

Edition of 1900.
​SHIRLAW, Walter, artist, b. in Paisley, Scotland, 6 Aug., 1838. He came to the United States with his parents in 1840, and later followed for some time the occupation of bank-note engraving. He first exhibited at the National academy in 1861, and subsequently decided to devote himself altogether to art. He was elected an academician of the Chicago academy of design in 1868. In ​1870-'7 he studied in Munich, under George Raab, Richard Wagner, Arthur George von Ramberg, and Wilhelm Lindenschmidt. His first work of importance was the “Toning of the Bell” (1874), which was followed by “Sheep-shearing in the Bavarian Highlands” (1876). The latter, which is probably the best of his works, received honorable mention at the Paris exposition in 1878. Other notable works from his easel are “Good Morning,” in the Buffalo academy (1878); “Indian Girl” and “Very Old” (1880); “Gossip” (1884); and “Jealousy” (1886), owned by the Academy of design, New York. His largest work is the frieze for the dining-room in the house of Darius O. Mills, New York. Mr. Shirlaw has also earned an excellent reputation as an illustrator. He was one of the founders of the Society of American artists, and was its first president. On his return from Europe he took charge of the Art students' league, New York, and for several years taught in the composition class. He became an associate of the National academy in 1887, and an academician the following year.
# Babcock v. Wyman

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
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## Dissenting Opinions

    Catron
    Campbell
United States Supreme Court
60 U.S. 289
Babcock v. Wyman
[MR. CHIEF JUSTICE TANEY AND MR. JUSTICE DANIEL DID NOT SIT IN THIS CAUSE.]

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Babcock v. Wyman/Dissent Catron

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Dissenting Opinions Catron Campbell
United States Supreme Court
60 U.S. 289
Babcock v. Wyman
Mr. Justice CATRON dissenting.
The opinion just pronounced maintains that a deed in fee, without conditions, and made in that form, according to an agreement of the parties at the time, may be proved to have been a mortgage by parol evidence, establishing that a defeasance was part of the agreement when the absolute deed was executed; but that it was left out by design. And that this parol proof may be made, after the lapse of more than twenty years from the date of the deed before the grantee was sued; he having been in possession of the land conveyed, holding it under the deed from its date up to the time when the suit was brought.
The defendant (among other things) relied on the statute of frauds as a defence to the suit. Lord Hardwicke lays down the rule (in Montacute v. Maxwell, 1 P. Williams, 618) to be, that where there was no fraud or mistake in the original transaction, and the word or promise of the defendant was relied on, the statute of frauds declares such promise void, and equity will not interfere. And in this doctrine I understand the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts to concur. (Walker v. Locke, 5 Cush., 90.)
The effect of the defeasance here set up, by parol evidence, is, that it defeats the absolute deed, and makes it void on payment of a sum of money. On general principles the rule is, that where there is a written contract, all antecedent propositions, negotiations, and parol interlocutions, on the same subject, and deemed to be merged in such contract. (1 Story Com., p. 173, sec. 160; 2 Story, p. 286, sec. 1,018.)
There must be fraud or mistake in making the agreement, if it can be reformed. (Id., sec. 157, p. 169.)
I think the parol proof was inadmissible both by the statute of frauds of Massachusetts, and according to the general rule referred to; and that the decree should be reversed, and the bill dismissed.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Babel

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Babel."
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This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Babel, a poem by Robert Ervin Howard
* Babel, a poem by Osbert Sitwell
# Babes in the wood

THE
Babes in the Wood.
To which is added,
The Sailor's Adieu.
Edinburgh Printed by J. Morren, Cowgate.
* Babes in the wood
* The Sailor's Adieu
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Babes in the Wood

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This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* "Babes in the Wood", a song from the musical Very Good Eddie, by Jerome Kern and Schuyler Greene (Little Lady don't be depressed and blue)
* "The Babes in the Wood", a traditional poem (Now ponder well, you parents dear)
* "The Babes in the Wood", a traditional poem (Poor babes in the wood, poor babes in the wood)

### See also

* Two Babes in the Wood
# Babes in the Wood (Kern & Greene)

Song from the musical Very Good Eddie.
[Verse]
    (He) Little Lady don't be depressed and blue,
    After all we're both in the same canoe.
    Have no fear; can't you see I'm here?
    And till our journey is through,
    Little Lady I will take care of you.
[Refrain]
    Give me your hand, here where we stand,
    We're off to Slumberland,
    Come, dry your eyes; I'll sympathize
    Like a father, mother brother.
    Moonlight is bright, kiss me goodnight,
    Just like a sister should,
    Then put on your little hood,
    And we'll both be, Oh, so good!
    Like the babes in the wood.
[Verse]
    (She) When the babes were lost in the gloomy wood,
    It's no wonder they were so very good.
    Fourteen angels were watching them,
    So all the story books state,
    Sandman's coming now, it is getting late.
[Refrain]
    Give me your hand, I understand,
    We're off to Slumberland,
    With you, I'll go although we've no
    Angel chorus watching o'er us.
    Moonlight is bright, kiss me goodnight,
    Just like a brother should,
    I'll put on my little hood,
    But we'll both be twice as good!
    As the babes in the wood.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Ullmann, Daniel

Edition of 1889.
​ULLMANN, Daniel, soldier, b. in Wilmington, Del., 28 April, 1810. He was graduated at Yale in 1829, studied law, was admitted to the bar, and practised in New York, where he was master in chancery from 1839 till 1844. In 1854 he was the candidate of the American or Know-Nothing party for governor of New York, and received a very large vote. In 1861 he raised the 78th New York volunteers, in which he served as colonel, was captured in August, 1862, and confined in Libby prison until October of that year, when he was released on parole. He was promoted brigadier-general on 13 Jan., 1863, and ordered to appoint a cadre of officers and to go to Louisiana to raise five regiments of colored troops, afterward increased to a corps. This was the first order issued by the U. S. government for the raising of colored troops. He was brevetted major-general of U. S. volunteers on 13 March, 1865, was mustered out, 24 Aug., 1865, and was made major-general in November, 1865. Gen. Ullmann received the degree of LL. D. from Madison university in 1861.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Umbscheiden, Franz

Edition of 1889.
​UMBSCHEIDEN, Franz, journalist, b. in Gruenstadt, Rhenish Bavaria, Germany, in 1821; d. in Newark, N. J., 13 Dec., 1874. He was educated at the Universities of Heidelberg and Munich, where he studied law and national economy, and in 1848 took an active part in revolutionary movements, travelling and making inflammatory speeches, on account of one of which on the death of Robert Blum he was compelled to flee to France. When the revolution began in Rhenish Bavaria he returned, served in the army, and was present at the occupation of Worms and at the storming of Landau, after which he went to Baden under Gen. Franz Sigel, and afterward to Switzerland, where he became a private tutor. Being expelled to appease Louis Napoleon in 1852, he went to Newark, N. J., and taught there. During the Frémont canvass in 1856 he joined the Republican party, but in 1859 he co-operated with the Democrats. In 1860 he became editor of the New York “Staats-Zeitung,” which post he held until 1864, when he established the Newark “Volksmann.” In 1867 he was editor of the “New Jersey Democrat,” and he again edited the “Volksmann” in 1869-74.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Underwood, Benjamin Franklin

Edition of 1900. Supplement.
UNDERWOOD, Benjamin Franklin, free-thinker, b. in New York, 6 July, 1839, and received a common-school education. He served in the civil war as a private, being captured at Ball's Bluff in 1861; exchanged the following year, and commissioned lieutenant and adjutant of a Rhode Island artillery regiment. Since the close of the war he has been known as a representative of free thought, lecturing throughout the United States on that subject. Before the Evangelical alliance he opened a discussion in Boston in 1873 on evolution and evangelical theology, in which President Chadbourne and Prof. Asa Gray were the disputants. Mr. Underwood has been the business manager and editor of the “Boston Index” and the “Open Court,” of Chicago, both organs of free religious thought; has also edited other periodicals, and has been a contributor to the “Arena,” Boston, the “Free Thought Magazine,” and the “Metaphysical Magazine.” He was chairman of the physical science congress, and is the author of “Spencer's
Synthetic Philosophy” (New York, 1879) and “Christianity and Civilization” (1883).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Ulke, Henry

Edition of 1900. Supplement.
ULKE, Henry, artist, b. in Frankenstein, Prussia, 29 Jan., 1821, and studied painting in Breslau, and also in Berlin under Prof. Wach. For a time he was occupied in decorating the Royal museum of Berlin, but becoming involved in the revolution of 1848, was compelled to leave his native land. He came to this country, ultimately settling in Washington, D. C., where he has successfully devoted himself to portrait-painting for twoscore years. Among the many pictures of prominent men that have sat for Mr. Ulke in the nation's capital may be mentioned Earls Elgin and Gray, Sir Frederick Bruce, Gens. Grant, Rawlins, and Blair, Charles Sumner, James G. Blaine, John Sherman, Edwin M. Stanton, and Chief Justice Chase. Mr. Ulke is also well known as an entomologist and musical critic.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Ulphilas, Herman

Edition of 1889. No confirmation of this person's existence outside of Appletons' and derived sources has as yet been located, but there is also no verifiable source which states the person is one of Appletons' fictitious entries. Use this information with extra caution. The subject is mentioned as leaving his collection to the Museum of Natural History at Berlin, but the museum was not founded until 1810, i.e. 49 years after the subject's date of death.
​ULPHILAS, Herman (ool-fee'-lahs), German naturalist, b. in Paderborn, Westphalia, in 1702; d. in Berlin in 1761. He followed the sea in the Dutch service, visited the Antilles, Guiana, South America, and Batavia, and held offices at Batavia, St. Eustatius, and Demerara. He made valuable collections in natural history, which he presented to the Museum of natural history at Berlin. Toward the close of his life he was editor of the “Magazin für Naturwissenschaft.” His works include “Historia naturalis Americana” (Leipsic, 1756) and “Abhandlung über die baumartigen Schotenpflanzen des Orinoco-Thales” (1757).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Ulrich, Edward Oscar

Edition of 1900. Supplement.
ULRICH, Edward Oscar, geologist, b. in Cincinnati, 1 Feb., 1851, and was educated at Wallace college and the Ohio medical college. Abandoning the practice of medicine he became curator of the Natural history society of Cincinnati, and later was paleontologist to geological surveys of Illinois, Minnesota, and Ohio, also associate editor for ten years of the “American Geologist.” Mr. Ulrich has been a prolific writer, publishing numerous pamphlets on the subject of American paleontology, treating particularly the fossil Bryozoa, Gastropoda, Ostracoda, and Pelecypoda.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Underwood, Lucien Marcus

Edition of 1900. Supplement.
UNDERWOOD, Lucien Marcus, botanist, b. in New Woodstock, N. Y., 26 Oct., 1853, and was graduated at Syracuse university. In 1880 he was appointed professor of geology and botany in Illinois Wesleyan university, in 1883 professor of biology in his alma mater, and in 1891 he became professor of botany in De Pauw university. Prof. Underwood has published numerous papers in botanical journals, and is the author of “Our Native Ferns and how to study them” (Bloomington, Ill., 1881; 4th ed., 1893); “Descriptive Catalogue of North American Hepaticæ” (New York, 1884); “Hepaticæ,” in “Gray's Manual of Botany.” He also prepared “An Illustrated Century of Fungi,” one hundred specimens (1889), and “Hepaticæ Americanæ,” one hundred and sixty specimens (1887-'93).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Ulshoeffer, Michael

Edition of 1900. Supplement.
ULSHOEFFER, Michael, jurist, b. in New York, 30 March, 1793; d. there, 6 Sept., 1881. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar of his native city in 1813, subsequently achieving a recognized position in his profession. For six years he was a member of the assembly, being the champion of a bill to revise the state constitution, writing a very able reply to Chancellor Kent's opinion disapproving the measure. He became corporation attorney, and later corporation counsel, occupying the latter office for four years. In 1834 Mr. Ulshoeffer was appointed judge of the court of common pleas, reappointed in 1843, and was elected a member of that bench in 1846 under the new constitution. At the expiration of his term Judge Ulshoeffer did not resume practice, but was frequently selected as an arbitrator and referee.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Uhler, Philip Reese

Edition of 1889.
​UHLER, Philip Reese (you'-ler), naturalist, b. in Baltimore, Md., 3 June, 1835. He studied natural science at Harvard under Louis Agassiz in 1863, and was assistant in charge of entomology at that institution and librarian of the Museum of comparative zoölogy. Subsequently he returned to Baltimore, and in 1876 he became an associate in natural sciences at Johns Hopkins university. He is also librarian of the Peabody institute in that city. Mr. Uhler is a member of scientific societies, has been corresponding secretary and was elected president of the Maryland academy of sciences in 1873, which place he has since held, except during 1884-'8. His papers on geology, entomology, and other natural sciences have been published in the journals of most of the learned societies of the United States and Canada, in the annual reports to the trustees of Harvard, and as special reports in the volumes of the U. S. geological survey. He translated and edited, with a glossary, Dr. Hermann A. Hagen's “Synopsis of Neuroptera of North America,” issued by the Smithsonian institution (Washington, 1861).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Ulrich, Charles Frederick

Edition of 1889.
​ULRICH, Charles Frederick, artist, b. in New York city, 18 Oct., 1858. He began his art studies at Cooper institute and the National academy, New York, and during 1875-'81 continued them under Ludwig Löfftz and Wilhelm Lindenschmit in Munich. In 1879 he gained a bronze medal at the academy there. For several years he followed his profession in New York, but about 1884 he went to Venice, Italy. He was elected an associate of the National academy in 1883, and received the Thomas B. Clarke prize there the following year for his “In the Land of Promise.” He has executed several carefully and truthfully painted genre pictures, among which are “The Wood-Engraver” (1882); “The Glass-Blowers” and “The Carpenter” (1883); “A Dutch Type-Setter”; “The Waifs” (1885); and “Washing of Feet in the Venice Cathedral.”
# Arbutus

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* "Arbutus", a poem by Helen Elizabeth Coolidge
* "Arbutus", a poem by Eliza Jane Stephens

### See also

* The Arbutus