OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Langmead, Thomas Pitt

​LANGMEAD, afterwards TASWELL-LANGMEAD, THOMAS PITT (1840–1882), writer on constitutional law and history, born in 1840, was son of Thomas Langmead, by Elizabeth, daughter of Stephen Cock Taswell, a descendant of an old family formerly settled at Limington, Somerset. He was educated at King's College, London, the inns of court, and St. Mary Hall, Oxford. He entered on 9 May 1860 the Inner Temple, and 9 July 1862 Lincoln's Inn, where he took the Tancred studentship, and in Easter term 1863 was called to the bar. At Oxford he graduated B.A. in 1866, taking first class honours in law and modern history. The same year he was awarded the Stanhope prize for an essay on the reign of Richard II (printed Oxford 1868), and in 1887 the Vinerian scholarship.
Langmead practised as a conveyancer, and was appointed in 1873 tutor in constitutional law and legal history at the inns of court. He also held the post of revising barrister under the River Lea Conservancy Acts, and for seven years preceding his death was joint editor of the 'Law Magazine and Review.' In 1882 he was appointed professor of English constitutional law and legal history at University College, London, and died unmarried at Brighton on 8 Dec. the same year. He was buried at Nunhead cemetery. Langmead assumed in 1864 the name of Taswell as an additional surname, and was thenceforth known as Taswell-Langmead.
In 1858 Langmead edited for the Camden Society 'Sir Edward Lake's Account of his Interviews with Charles I, on being created a Baronet' (Camden Miscell. vol. iv.), and contributed to 'Notes and Queries,' 2nd ser. vi. 380, the outline of a scheme for the better preservation of parochial records, which he long afterwards developed in a pamphlet entitled 'Parish Registers: a Plea for their Preservation,' 1872. He contributed an article on the same topic to the 'Law Magazine and Review' in May 1878, and drafted Mr. W. C. Borlase's abortive Parish Registers Bill of 1882. His only other important contribution to the 'Law Magazine and Review' was an article on 'The Representative Peerage of Scotland and Ireland,' May 1876. In 1875 he published 'English Constitutional History: a Text-book for Students and others,' London, 8vo, a valuable manual, evincing some original research, of which a second edition appeared in 1880, a third in 1886 (revised by C. H. E. Carmichael), and a fourth in 1890.
[Solicitor's Journal, xxvii. 134; Law Journal, xvii. 700; Law Times, lxxiv. 218; Law Mag. and Review, 4th ser. viii. 141; Cal. Univ. Oxford, 1892, pp. 38, 59 175; Notes and Queries, 2nd ser. vi. 380, 6th ser. vi. 500; Misc. Gen. et Herald. new ser. i. 255; Inns of Court Cal. 1878.]
J. M. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Langley, Thomas (d.1581)

​LANGLEY, THOMAS (d. 1581), canon of Winchester, was educated, at Cambridge, and graduated B.A. in 1537–8. He was chaplain to Archbishop Cranmer, and vicar of Headcorn, Kent, in 1548, and may be identical with the Thomas Langley, protestant reformer and exile, who was admitted into the English church and congregation at Geneva in 1556. Langley was rector of Boughton Malherbe, Kent, from 1557 to 6 Oct. 1559, when Queen Elizabeth presented him to a canonry at Winchester. He was installed on 15 Oct. following. On 7 Dec. 1559 he was presented by the crown to the rectory of Welford, Berkshire. After twelve years' study he was admitted B.D. at Oxford on 15 July 1560, without having previously taken his master's degree. In 1563 Langley was instituted to the vicarage of Wanborough, Wiltshire, on the presentation of the dean and chapter of Winchester, and held this license until his death, which took place before 31 Dec. 1581. In his will, dated 22 Dec. 1581, and proved 30 Jan. 1581–2 (Reg. in P. C. C., Tirwhite, fol. 1), he expresses a wish to be buried in the chancel of Wanborough Church.
He published:
* 'An Abridgement of the notable Woorke of Polidore Vergile, conteignyng the deuisers … of Artes, Ministeries, Feactes, & Civill Ordinaunces, as of Rites and Ceremonies commoly vsed in the Churche,' London, by R. Grafton (black letter), 16 April 1546; other editions are dated 25 Jan. 1546[–7], 1551, [1570], and 1659, 8vo. Copies of all the editions are in the British Museum. This is an abridged English version of Vergil's 'De Inventoribus Rerum.' Langley worked on one of the late Latin editions, and abridged his original by about two-thirds.
* 'Of the Christian Sabboth, a Godlye Treatise of Mayster Julius of Milayne, translated out of Italian into English by Thomas Langley,' London (William Reddell), black letter, 1552, 12mo. A copy is in the Lambeth Library.
* Latin verses in praise of the author and his work prefixed to William Cuningham's 'Cosmographical Glasse,' 1559.
[Cooper's Athenæ Cantabr. i. 447; Oxf. Univ. Reg. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.), i. 242; Foster's Alumni Oxon. 1st ser. iii. 879; Strype's Cranmer, 1694, p. 179; Rymer's Fœdera, xv. 543, 563; Le Neve's Fasti Eccl. Anglicanæ, ed. Hardy, iii. 33; Maitland's Index of Early English Books in the Lambeth Library, 1845, p. 62; Professor John Ferguson's Bibliographical Notes on the English Translation of Polydore Vergil's work, De Inventoribus Rerum, 1888, pp. 17 et seq.; Sir Thomas Phillipps's Institutiones Clericorum in Comitatu Wiltoniæ, 1825, pt. i. pp. 221, 231; Brit. Mus. Lansdowne MS. 443, f. 11; Burn's Hist. Par. Reg. 1862, p. 278.]
D. H-l.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Langley, Thomas (fl.1320)

​LANGLEY, THOMAS (fl. 1320?), writer on poetry, was a monk of S. Benet Hulme, Norfolk, and author of 'Liber de Varietate carminum in capitulis xviii distinctus cum prologo.' Ten chapters are preserved in Digby MS. 100, f. 178, at the Bodleian Library. The prologue consists of an epigram beginning 'Dudum conflictu vexatus rithimachie,' which seems to be Bale's only authority for ascribing to Langley a book of epigrams. The treatise is dedicated to a bishop of Norwich, but in the Digby MS., which is evidently a copy and not the original, the bishop's name is omitted. Tanner gives the bishop's name as John, and Langley's date as 1430, which would suit John Wakeryng, who was bishop from 1416 to 1426. But the Digby copy is probably not much later than 1400, and if the bishop's name was really John, John Salmon must be meant, who was bishop from 1299 to 1335.
[Bale. xi. 43; Tanner's Bibl. Brit.-Hib. p. 465; Cat. of Digby MSS.; information kindly supplied by F. Madan, seq., of the Bodleian Library.]
C. L. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Langrish, Browne

​LANGRISH, BROWNE, M.D. (d. 1759), physician, born in Hampshire, was educated as a surgeon. In 1733 he was in practice at Petersfield, Hampshire, and published 'A New Essay on Muscular Motion,' in which the structure of muscles and the phenomena of muscular contraction are discussed with much ingenuity, but with no more satisfactory conclusion than that muscular motion arises from the influence of the animal spirits over the muscular fibres. On 25 July 1734 he became an extra licentiate of the College of Physicians, and began practice as a physician. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society on 16 May 1734, and in 1735 published 'The Modern Theory and Practice of Physic,' in which he displays considerable originality in clinical research, and describes experiments in the analysis of excreta and the examination of the blood. A second edition appeared in 1764. He practised in Winchester, and in 1746 published 'Physical Experiments on Brutes, in order to discover a safe and easy Method of dissolving Stone in the Bladder.' Experiments on cherry laurel water are added, and he concludes that this poisonous liquid may be used in medicine with advantage. He delivered the Croonian lectures on muscular motion before the Royal Society in 1747, and they were published in 1748. In the same year he graduated M.D., and published also 'Plain Directions in regard to the Small-pox,' a sensible and interesting quarto of thirty-five pages, showing extensive reading as well as acute clinical observation. He died at Basingstoke, Hampshire, on 29 Nov. 1769.
[Munk's Coll. of Phys. ii. 130; Thomson's Hist. of the Royal Soc. 1812; Works]
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Langshaw, John

​LANGSHAW, JOHN (1718–1798), organist, born in 1718, was employed about 1761 with John Christopher Smith 'in arranging music for some barrels belonging to a large organ, the property of the Earl of Bute.' The 'barrels were set, by an ingenious artist of the name of Langshaw, in so masterly a manner that the effect was equal to that produced by the most finished player.' In 1772 Langshaw quitted London, and was appointed organist of the parish church, Lancaster. He died there in 1798.
His son, John Langshaw (fl. 1798), born in London in 1763, was educated chiefly in Lancaster until in 1779 he went to London to study under Charles Wesley, from whom and also from Samuel Wesley he received much kindness. He finally settled down as a teacher of music in the metropolis. On his father's death in 1798 he was appointed organist at Lancaster, where he also frequently appeared in concerts as a pianist. He published a number of compositions, including hymns, chants, songs, pianoforte concerti, and a theme with variations for piano or harp, written for the Countess of Dromore. A large number of unpublished compositions by Langshaw is said to be extant.
[Grove's Dict. of Music; Dict. of Music, 1824; Registers.]
R. H. L.
John Langshaw Chamber Barrel Organ in PerthshireJohn Langshaw Chamber Barrel Organ in Lancaster
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cellier, Elizabeth

​CELLIER, ELIZABETH (fl. 1680), ‘the Popish midwife,’ was a member of the Dormer family. She married Peter Cellier, a Frenchman, and became a noted midwife in London. Originally she was a protestant, but she adopted the catholic religion, and at the time of the popish plot fabricated by Titus Oates she visited the prisoners in Newgate, and relieved them through the charity of Lady Powis and other persons of rank. There she found the notorious Dangerfield, whose release she procured upon condition, as he afterwards alleged, that he would enter into an engagement to take off the king, the Earl of Shaftesbury, and some others who were obnoxious to the catholics. Moreover he pretended that he was to be employed in concocting a sham plot, and he stated that the document on which it was to have been founded lay concealed in a meal tub in Mrs. Cellier's house. There the paper was discovered, and from this circumstance the whole transaction is known in history by the name of the Meal Tub plot. On 11 June 1680 Mrs. Cellier was tried for high treason and acquitted, she having satisfied the court that her accuser was too infamous in law to be admitted as a credible witness. She published a vindication of herself, entitled ‘Malice defeated; or a brief Relation of the Accusation and Deliverance of Elizabeth Cellier. Together with an abstract of her arraignment and tryal, written by herself.’ This occasioned the publication of numerous pamphlets, one of which was entitled ‘The Scarlet Beast stripped naked, being the mistery of the Meal-tub the second time unravelled.’ Some passages in Mrs. Cellier's tract respecting the treatment of the prisoners in Newgate exposed her to a second trial (3 Sept. 1680) for libel. She was found guilty, and condemned to pay a fine to the king of 1,000l. and to stand thrice in the pillory. According to Roger North the real object of the second prosecution was to disable her from becoming a witness in favour of the lords in the Tower. Lysons says that she lies buried in the chancel of Great Missenden Church, Buckinghamshire.
She was the author of: 1. ‘A Scheme for the Foundation of a Royal Hospital, and raising a revenue of 5,000l. or 6,000l. a year by and for the Maintenance of a Corporation of Skilful Midwives, and such Foundlings or exposed Children as shall be admitted therein: as it was proposed and addressed to his Majesty King James II in June 1687,’ printed in the ‘Harleian Miscellany’ and in the ‘Somers Tracts.’ 2. ‘To Dr. ——. An Answer to his Queries concerning the Colledg of Midwives,’ London, 4to. Written ‘from my House in Arundel-street, near St. Clement's Church, in the Strand, Jan. 16, 1687–8.’
[Cat. of Printed Books in Brit. Mus.; Dodd's Church Hist. iii. 326; Harleian Miscellany (Park), iv. 142; Howell's State Trials, vii. 1043 seq.; Lingard's Hist. of England (1849), viii. 461–5; Lipscombe's Hist. and Antiq. of Buckinghamshire, ii. 386; Luttrell's Hist. Relation of State Affairs, i. 24, 25, 29, 31, 34, 47, 54, 55, 57, 90, 345; Lysons's Magna Britannia, i. pt. iii. 695; North's Examen, 260–4; Somers Tracts, ii. 243; Watt's Bibl. Brit.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Celesia, Dorothea

​CELESIA, DOROTHEA (1738–1790), poet and dramatist, daughter of David Mallet, the poet, by his first wife Susanna, was baptised at Chiswick on 11 Oct. 1738 (Memoir of Mallet prefixed to his Ballads and Songs, by F. Dinsdale). As a child she was remarkable for brightness. Thomson, in a letter to Mallet, dated 9 Aug. 1745, speaks of his having met ‘two servants of yours, along with charming little Dolly.’ In early life she was married to Signor Pietro Paolo Celesia, a Genoese patrician, who while residing here as ambassador from 1755 to 1759 had been honoured by admission to the Royal Society and Society of Antiquaries. Mrs. Celesia accompanied her husband on his return to Italy in 1759, and thenceforward resided at Genoa, except for one brief interval in 1784, when Celesia was gazetted minister plenipotentiary to the court of Spain (Woodward and Cates, Encyclop. of Chronology, p. 299). During the summer of 1768 she wrote an adaptation of Voltaire's ‘Tancrède’ and offered it to Garrick, who had been her father's friend and her guest while travelling in Italy (Private Correspondence of Garrick, 1831–2, i. 354, 379, 399, 415). After undergoing some modifications at the hands of Garrick the piece, under the title of ‘Almida,’ was brought out at Drury Lane on 12 Jan. 1771, with a well-written prologue by W. Whitehead, Garrick himself contributing the epilogue. Thanks to Mrs. Barry's inimitable performance as the heroine, aided by some excellent scenery, the play kept the boards for about ten nights, a success far beyond its merits, for while the numbers are uncouth, the plot where it deviates from the original is improbable (Baker, Biographia Dramatica, 1812, i. 97, ii. 20). It was printed the same year with the title ‘Almida, a Tragedy, as it is performed at the Theatre Royal in Drury Lane, by a Lady,’ 8vo, London, 1771. The year following there appeared ‘Indolence, a poem, by the author of Almida,’ 4to, London, 1772, which is commonplace. Mrs. Celesia died at Genoa in September 1790 (Scots Mag. liii. 203). Her husband, who filled several important offices in the legislature of his native city, survived until 12 Jan. 1806.
[Genest's History of the Stage, v. 295–7.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hammond

​HAMMOND. [See also Hamond.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hammond, Anthony (1758-1838)

​HAMMOND, ANTHONY (1758–1838), legal writer, practised below the bar as a special pleader at the Inner Temple and on the western circuit. In 1824 he was examined by a select parliamentary committee appointed to consider the expediency of consolidating and amending the criminal law of England, and submitted a draft measure for that purpose, which was printed by order of the House of Commons, was afterwards developed into a regular code, and formed the basis of the Larceny Laws Repeal and Consolidation, Criminal Procedure and Malicious Injuries to Property, and Remedies against the Hundred Consolidation Acts of 1827 (7 & 8 Geo. IV, cc. 27–31). The code itself, with ‘A Treatise on the Consolidation of the Criminal Law,’ was printed by order of Mr. (afterwards Sir) Robert Peel, then home secretary, between 1825 and 1829, 8 vols., fol. Hammond was also consulted by the commissioners for the revision of the laws of the State of New York in 1825, to whom he communicated a pamphlet entitled ‘Reflections on Criminal Law.’ In 1828 Hammond was called to the bar. He died on 27 Jan. 1838.
Hammond published the following works:
* ‘The Law of Nisi Prius,’ 1816, 8vo.
* ‘Parties to Actions,’ 1817, 1827, 8vo.
* ‘Principles of Pleading,’ 1819, 8vo.
* ‘Scheme of a Digest of the Laws of England, with Introductory Essays on the Science of Natural Jurisprudence,’ 1820, 8vo.
* ‘Reports in Equity,’ 1821, 2 vols. 8vo.
* ‘Analytical Digest to the Term Reports and others,’ 1824, 2nd edit. 8vo; new edit., 1827.
* ‘Practice and Proceedings in Parliament,’ &c., 1825, 8vo.
* ‘On the Reduction to Writing of the Criminal Law of England,’ 1829, 8vo.
[Gent. Mag. 1838, i. 334; Law List, 1829; Parl. Papers, 1824, Reports from Committees, vol. iv.; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
J. M. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hamilton, William de

​HAMILTON, WILLIAM de (d. 1307), chancellor, was a landowner in Cambridgeshire, and an ecclesiastic. In 1280 he was a justice in itinere for Hampshire and Wiltshire, but for pleas of forest only. In 1282 he was custos of the bishopric of Winchester and of the abbey of Hide (Abbr. Rot. Orig. i. 40, 42). He then became a clerk in chancery, and in 1286 vice-chancellor to the king, having occasional custody of the great seal (Public Records Commission, 7th Rep. App. xii. 242-51). On the death of Bishop Burnel on 25 Oct. 1292, the great seal was delivered into the wardrobe under his seal, and until he set out as the bishop's executor with his corpse for the funeral at Wells he sealed writs (Close Roll 20 Edw. I ; Cal. Rot. Pat. p. 55 ; Rot. Parl. i. 117). During absences of the next chancellor, John de Langton, from 4 to 30 March, and 22 to 27 Aug. 1297, and from 20 Feb. to 16 June 1299, he also had charge of the great seal. Meantime he had received ecclesiastical preferment of various kinds. In 1287 he received the prebend of Warthill, York, and in 1288 was appointed archdeacon of the West Riding of Yorkshire, and in December 1298 dean of York. He also held the deanery of the church of St. Burian in Cornwall (Rot. Parl. i. 421 a ; Le Neve, iii. 122, 132, 220 ; Cole, Documents, p. 421). He is mentioned in the Year-Book as engaged in a lawsuit with Robert le Veyl in 1303. In December 1304 the then chancellor, Grenefield, resigned the seals in order to proceed to Rome and induce the pope to permit his consecration as archbishop of York. Hamilton, though absent, was nominated his successor by the king at Lincoln on 29 Dec., and until his arrival the seal was placed in the wardrobe under the seal of Sir Adam de Osgodebey, the master of the rolls. On 16 Jan. 1305 Hamilton returned and received the seal from the treasurer, the Bishop of Coventry (Rot. Pat. 33 Edw. I, p. 1. m. 29). Shortly after his appointment on 6 April he was admonished by the king in full parliament against granting letters of protection from suits brought ​ against them to persons absent in Ireland (Rot. Parl. 33 Edw. I). During his term of office he sealed the statute de tallagio non concedendo and the commission for the trial of Sir William Wallace. He died on 20 April 1307, while in attendance upon the king at Fountains Abbey, and was succeeded by Ralph de Baldock, bishop of London. He is described as a man of business of moderate abilities.
[Foss's Judges of England ; Campbell's Lives of the Chancellors; Madox, i. 74.]
J. A. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hamilton-Rowan, Archibald

​HAMILTON-ROWAN, ARCHIBALD (1751–1834), United Irishman. [See Rowan.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hamley, Edward

1904 Errata appended.
​HAMLEY, EDWARD (1764–1837), poet, second son of the Rev. Thomas Hamley of St. Columb, Cornwall, who was buried at Bodmin 11 June 1766, was baptised at St. Columb Major 25 Oct. 1764. He matriculated from New College, Oxford, 6 Nov. 1783, and took his B.C.L. degree in 1791. He was elected a fellow of his college 5 Nov. 1785, and then spent some time in Italy. While residing in the Inner Temple, London, in 1795, he published a volume entitled ‘Poems of Various Kinds,’ 1795. At this period he was in correspondence with Dr. Samuel Parr, by whom he was called ‘the learned Mr. Hamley of New College’ (Cat. of the Library of S. Parr, 1827, pp. 489, 521). In 1795 he also printed anonymously ‘Translations, chiefly from the Italian of Petrarch and Metastasio.’ In the same year he wrote seventeen sonnets, which were afterwards inserted in the ‘Poetical Register and Repository of Fugitive Poetry,’ at intervals between 1805 and 1809. He became rector of Cusop, Herefordshire, in 1805, and of Stanton St. John, Oxfordshire, in 1806, which benefices he held to his death. He died at Stanton 7 Dec. 1837.
[Parr's Works, ed. J. Johnstone, 1828, viii. 185; Boase and Courtney's Bibl. Cornub. pp. 266, 1215.]
G. C. B.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.146 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 238 | i | 14 40 | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Hamley, Edward : for 1837 read 1834 |
| | | 15 | for second son read elder son |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hammersley, James Astbury

​HAMMERSLEY, JAMES ASTBURY (1815–1869), painter, was born at Burslem, Staffordshire, in 1815. He received his art education under James Baker Pyne. From May 1849 till 31 Dec. 1862 he was head-master of the Manchester School of Design. On the formation of the Manchester Academy of Fine Arts, in which he took an active part, he was elected its first president, 28 May 1857. This office he resigned on 30 Dec. 1861. A landscape of large size and considerable merit, exhibited at the autumn exhibition of 1850, 'Mountain and Clouds, a scene from the top of Loughrigg Fell, Westmoreland,' he presented to the Royal Manchester Institution. This now hangs in the Corporation of Manchester Art Gallery, and is a good example of his work in oil. He had a commission from Prince Albert to paint a picture of the castle of Rosenau, the prince's birthplace, and another scene in Germany, which are in the collection at Windsor Castle. In 1850 he delivered an address at Nottingham on the 'Preparations on the Continent for the Great Exhibition of 1851, and the Condition of the Continental Schools of Art.' This was published in 1850, 8vo, pp. 16. An article by him appeared in 'Manchester Papers,' 1856, entitled 'Exhibition of Art Treasures of the United Kingdom,' anticipatory of the Manchester exhibition.
He died at Manchester in 1869, and was buried at St. John's Church, Higher Broughton.
[Stanfield's Cat. of Manchester Art Gallery, 1888, p. 43; private information.]
A. N.