# Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute/Volume 13

TRANSACTIONS
AND
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE,
1880.
VOL. XIII.
EDITED AND PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE INSTITUTE,
By
JAMES HECTOR, C.M.G., M.D., F.R.S.
Issued April, 1881.
WELLINGTON: LYON AND BLAIR, PRINTERS, LAMBTON QUAY
TRUBNER & CO., 60, PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON.
PREFACE.
The Editor desires to acknowledge the assistance received from Mr. Buchanan, of the Geological Survey Department, and from the officers of the Lithographic Department, in the production of the plates.
He also wishes to say that, in all but a few instances, a marked improvement has taken place in the character of the manuscript, which has greatly facilitated the printing of the work.
ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA.
| PAGE |
| 8, | line 21, for esculenta read esculentum |
| 10, | line 11, for stove read store |
| 12, | line 7, for tubes read tubers |
| | last line, for Dow read Don |
| 20, | line 11 from bottom, for Tate read Yate |
| 36, | line 16 {{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„ for Pongo read Pongi |
| 48, | line 6, after Koherearuhe insert = the mass of pounded fernroot: its meaning signifying preparation for war. |
| 60, | last line, for 46 read 44 |
| 65, | line 18 from bottom, for friend read fiend |
| 112, | line 9 from bottom, for exudes read extrudes |
| {{{1}}}„ | line 8{{{1}}}„ for Animalcula read Animalcule |
| 115, | line 11, for seplicum read septicum |
| {{{1}}}„ | line 8 from bottom, for exude read extrude |
| {{{1}}}„ | line 7{{{1}}}„ for peplic read peptic |
| 177, | line 12, for Edchaig read Eachaig |
| 182, | line 3, for sinuous, margin and read sinuous margin, and |
| 211, | line 8 from bottom, for Copper read Cooper |
| 324, | line 10, for gravels read grasses |
| {{{1}}}„ | line 8 from bottom, for others read other |
| 365, | line 2{{{1}}}„ for noma read nana |
| 368, | line 12{{{1}}}„for Bæoniyces read Bæomyces |
| 369, | line 3{{{1}}}„ for constaceous read crustaceous |
| 376, | line 5{{{1}}}„ for com- read compound |
| 380, | line 7 and 10, for brisily read bristly |
| 381, | line 15 from bottom, for habitat read habit |
| {{{1}}}„ | line 2{{{1}}}„ for hair, read thin |
| 399, | line 2, for Ruapepu read Ruapehu |
| {{{1}}}„ | line 6, for latter read later |
| {{{1}}}„ | line 9, for traditions read traditional |
| 406, | line 12, for surface and geologists' read surface geologist's |
| {{{1}}}„ | line 7 from bottom, for pressure read presence |
| 407, | line 13{{{1}}}„for Opotiki Cliffs, which read Opotiki. Cliffs which |
CONTENTS.
TRANSACTIONS.
I.—Miscellaneous. :
| | | | PAGES |
| Art. | I. | On the Vegetable Food of the ancient New Zealauders before Cook's Visit. By W. Colenso, F.L.S. | 3–38 |
| | II. | Historical Incidents and Traditions of the Olden Times, pertaining to the Maoris of the North Island (East Coast), New Zealand; highly illustrative of their national character, and containing many peculiar, curious, and little known customs and circumstances, and matters firmly believed by them. Now, for the first time, faithfully translated from old Maori Writings and Recitals. By W. Colenso | 38–57 |
| | III. | Contributions towards a better Knowledge of the Maori Race. By W. Colenso | 57–84 |
| | IV. | Notes on the best Method of meeting the Sanitary Requirements of Colonial Towns. By Edward Dobson, C.E., President of the Philosophical Institute of Canterbury | 84–91 |
| | V. | On Periodic Vertical Oscillations in the Sun's Atmosphere, and their Connection with the Appearance and Disappearance of the Solar Spots. By H. Skey | 91–97 |
| | VI. | On the Permanency of Solar and Stellar Heat. By Martin Chapman | 97–100 |
| | VII. | Notes upon Mr. Frankland's Paper "On the Simplest Continuous Manifoldness of two Dimensions, and of Finite Extent." By William Skey, Analyst to the Geological Survey of New Zealand | 100–109 |
| | VIII. | On Life. By Dr. W. I. Spencer | 109–119 |
| | IX. | Watershed Districts. County or other Division of the Country to be determined by the Area of the Watershed. By J. Rees George | 119–121 |
| | X. | The Cause of Gravitation. By T. Wakelin, B.A. | 122–180 |
| | XI. | On the Neglected Forest Products of New Zealand. By T. Kirk, F.L.S. | 130–142 |
| | XII. | On the Growth of Sugar Beet in New Zealand. By S. M. Curl, M.D., F.L.S. | 142–148 |
| | XIII. | On the Causes tending to alter the Eccentricity of Planetary Orbits. By Professor A. W. Bickerton | 149–154 |
| | XIV. | The Origin of the Solar System. By Professor A. W. Bickerton | 154–159 |
| | XV. | On the Origin of Double Stars. By Professor A. W. Bickerton | 160–164 |
| | XVI. | On a simple Method of illustrating the Motions of the Earth. By Professor A. W. Bickerton | 164–166 |
| | XVII. | Probabllity of Impact. By Professor A. W. Bickerton | 166–169 |
| II.—Zoology. ||||
| | XVIII. | Notes on Balænoptera rostrata, Fabricius (B. huttoni, Gray). By Professor Julius von Haast, Ph.D., F.R.S., Director of the Canterbury Museum | 169–175 ​ |
| | XIX. | Notes on some Specimens of Migratory Salmonidæ. By W. Arthur, C.E. | 175–193 |
| | XX. | Notice of a new Fish. By Dr. Hector | 194–195 |
| | XXI. | Description of a new Species of Trachypterus. By F. E. Clark | 195–199 |
| | XXII. | Contributions to New Zealand Malacology. By Professor F. W. Hutton | 200–204 |
| | XXIII. | Recent Additions to, and Notes on, New Zealand Crustacea. By G. M. Thomson, F.L.S. | 204–221 |
| | XXIV. | On some new Species of Nudibranchiate Mollusca. By T. F. Cheeseman, F.L.S. | 222–224 |
| | XXV. | On a new Genus of Opisthobranchiate Mollusca. By T. F. Cheeseman | 224 |
| | XXVI. | An Analysis of Moa Eggshell. By Professor Liversidge, F.C.S. University of Sydney. Communicated by Professor von Haast, F.R.S. | 225–227 |
| | XXVII. | Description of the Larva and Pupa of Lasiorhynchus barbicornis. By Captain T. Broun | 228–230 |
| | XXVIII. | On the Larva and Pupa of Ceratognathus irroratus. By Captain T. Broun | 230–231 |
| | XXIX. | On Harpagornis (third paper). By Professor Julius von Haast, Ph.D., F.R.S. | 232–234 |
| | XXX. | Notes on some Additions to the Collection of Birds in the Colonial Museum. By T. W. Kirk, Assistant in the Colonial Museum | 235–236 |
| | XXXI. | Notice of new Crustaceans. By T. W. Kirk | 236–237 |
| | XXXII. | Notes on some Species of Diurnal Moths. By Percy Buller. Communicated by W. L. Buller, C.M.G., Sc.D., F.R.S. | 237–239 |
| III.—Botany. ||||
| | XXXIII. | On the Fertilization of New Zealand Flowering Plants. By George M. Thomson, F.L.S. | 241–288 |
| | XXXIV. | Note on Donatia novæ-zealandiæ, Hk.f. By G. M. Thomson | 289–290 |
| | XXXV. | New New-Zealand Plants. By Dr. S. Berggren, Hon. Mem. N.Z. Inst. | 290–291 |
| | XXXVI. | On the Fertilization of Thelymitra. By T. F. Cheeseman, F.L.S. | 291–296 |
| | XXXVII. | Description of a new Species of Loranthus. By T. F. Cheeseman | 296–297 |
| | XXXVIII. | Contributions towards a List of the New Zealand Desmidieæ. By W. M. Maskell, Fell. Roy. Micros. Soc. | 297–317 |
| | XXXIX. | On the Structure of Hormosira billardieri. By T. A. Mollet | 318–323 |
| | XL. | A Visit to Stewart Island, with Notes on its Flora. By D. Petrie, M.A. | 323–332 |
| | XLI. | Description of new Species of Carex. By D. Petrie | 332–333 |
| | XLII. | On the Genus Corallospartium. By J. B. Armstrong, | 333–334 |
| | XLIII. | Description of new and rare New Zealand Plants. By J. B. Armstrong | 335–343 |
| | XLIV. | On the Occurrence of the Morel (Morchella esculenta) in New Zealand. By J. B. Armstrong | 343–344 |
| | XLV. | A Synopsis of the New Zealand Species of Veronica, Linn., with Notes on new Species. By J. B. Armstrong | 344–359 |
| | XLVI. | A natural Arrangement of the New Zealand Ferns, founded on the System of Smith's "Historia Filicum," with critical Notes on certain Species. By J. B. Armstrong | 359–368 |
| | XLVII. | Description of a new Species of Metzgeria; also, a brief notice of Bæomyces heteromorphus, Nyl., in New Zealand. By W. Colenso, F.L.S. | 368–370 ​ |
| | XLVIII. | The Ferns of Scinde Island (Napier). By W. Colenso, F.L.S. | 370–376 |
| | XLIX. | On some new and undescribed New Zealand Ferns. By W. Colenso, F.L.S. | 376–384 |
| | L. | Description of New Plants. By T. Kirk, F.L.S. | 384–385 |
| | LI. | Description of a new Species of Thysanothecium. Collected by John Buchanan, F.L.S., during his recent Expedition to the Southern Alps. By Charles Knight, F.R.C.S., F.L.S. | 385–386 |
| IV.—Chemistry. ||||
| | LII. | On an Allotropic Form of Zinc and Cobalt Salts. By W. Skey | 387–388 |
| | LIII. | On a Periodide and an Iodo-carbonate of Lead. By W. Skey | 388–389 |
| | LIV. | On the Dimorphisim of Magnesia. By W. Skey | 389–390 |
| V.—Geology. ||||
| | LV. | Description of a remarkable Dyke on the hills near Heathcote. By A. D. Dobson | 391–393 |
| | LVI. | On the Foraminifera of the Tertiary Beds at Petane, near Napier. By A. Hamilton | 393–396 |
| | LVII. | On the Genus Rhynchonella. By A. McKay | 396–398 |
| | LVIII. | On some Indications of Changes in the Level of the Coast-line in the Northern part of the North Island. By S. Percy Smith | 398–410 |
| | LIX. | Description of an Artesian-well sunk at Avonside. By T. A. Mollet | 410–412 |
| Zoology—(Continued). ||||
| | LX. | On the Venous System of the Skate (Raja nasuta). By T. Jeffery Parker, B.Sc. Lond. | 413–418 |
| | LXI. | On a new Holothurian (Chirodota dunedinensis, n.sp.). By T. Jeffery Parker, B.Sc. Lond. | 418 |
| | LXII. | Description of a new Species of Lizard of the Genus Naultinus. By W. L. Buller, C.M.G., Sc.D., F.R.S. | 419–420 |
| PROCEEDINGS. ||||
| NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE. ||||
| Twelfth Annual Report of the Board of Governors | Twelfth Annual Report of the Board of Governors | Twelfth Annual Report of the Board of Governors | 421–425 |
| WELLINGTON PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY. ||||
| Opening Address by the President, Martin Chapman | Opening Address by the President, Martin Chapman | Opening Address by the President, Martin Chapman | 426 |
| Notice of a large Stingaree (Trygon thalassia). By Seymour George, M.H.R. | Notice of a large Stingaree (Trygon thalassia). By Seymour George, M.H.R. | Notice of a large Stingaree (Trygon thalassia). By Seymour George, M.H.R. | 426 |
| On Introduced Trees and Plants of Economic Value to New Zealand. By. Dr. Curl, F.L.S. | On Introduced Trees and Plants of Economic Value to New Zealand. By. Dr. Curl, F.L.S. | On Introduced Trees and Plants of Economic Value to New Zealand. By. Dr. Curl, F.L.S. | 427 |
| On New Zealand Plants cultivated in Scotland. By W. Gorrie | On New Zealand Plants cultivated in Scotland. By W. Gorrie | On New Zealand Plants cultivated in Scotland. By W. Gorrie | 428 |
| On Auriferous Cements of Mount Arthur District. By J. Park | On Auriferous Cements of Mount Arthur District. By J. Park | On Auriferous Cements of Mount Arthur District. By J. Park | 428 |
| On the Distribution of the Auriferous Cements in New Zealand. By Dr. Hector | On the Distribution of the Auriferous Cements in New Zealand. By Dr. Hector | On the Distribution of the Auriferous Cements in New Zealand. By Dr. Hector | 429 |
| On the Tertiary Corals and Bryozoa of New Zealand. By Rev. J. E. Tenison Woods, F.L.S. | On the Tertiary Corals and Bryozoa of New Zealand. By Rev. J. E. Tenison Woods, F.L.S. | On the Tertiary Corals and Bryozoa of New Zealand. By Rev. J. E. Tenison Woods, F.L.S. | 429 |
| On certain Minerals collected by the Geological Survey Staff. By S. H. Cox, F.G.S. | On certain Minerals collected by the Geological Survey Staff. By S. H. Cox, F.G.S. | On certain Minerals collected by the Geological Survey Staff. By S. H. Cox, F.G.S. | 430 |
| Explanation of Geological Map of New Zealand, prepared for Melbourne Exhibition. By Dr. Hector | Explanation of Geological Map of New Zealand, prepared for Melbourne Exhibition. By Dr. Hector | Explanation of Geological Map of New Zealand, prepared for Melbourne Exhibition. By Dr. Hector | 430 |
| On the Colour Sense. By Dr. G. Gillon | On the Colour Sense. By Dr. G. Gillon | On the Colour Sense. By Dr. G. Gillon | 430 |
| On the Industries most suitable to New Zealand. By Dr. Newman | On the Industries most suitable to New Zealand. By Dr. Newman | On the Industries most suitable to New Zealand. By Dr. Newman | 431 ​ |
| Election of Governor of New Zealand Institute | Election of Governor of New Zealand Institute | Election of Governor of New Zealand Institute | 431 |
| On the Relation between the Pitch-stones and Quartz Porphyries of Mount Sumner District, Canterbury. By S. H. Cox, F.G.S. | On the Relation between the Pitch-stones and Quartz Porphyries of Mount Sumner District, Canterbury. By S. H. Cox, F.G.S. | On the Relation between the Pitch-stones and Quartz Porphyries of Mount Sumner District, Canterbury. By S. H. Cox, F.G.S. | 432 |
| Abstract Report of Council | Abstract Report of Council | Abstract Report of Council | 482 |
| Election of Officers for 1881 | Election of Officers for 1881 | Election of Officers for 1881 | 483 |
| Address by the retiring President, M. Chapman | Address by the retiring President, M. Chapman | Address by the retiring President, M. Chapman | 433 |
| Alpine Plants of Otago. By T. Buchanan, F.L.S. | Alpine Plants of Otago. By T. Buchanan, F.L.S. | Alpine Plants of Otago. By T. Buchanan, F.L.S. | 434 |
| Notes on New Zealand Cetacea, Recent and Fossil. Neobalæna marginata, Kogia breviceps, Orca gladiator, Balænoptera and Kekenodon onamata. By Dr. Hector | Notes on New Zealand Cetacea, Recent and Fossil. Neobalæna marginata, Kogia breviceps, Orca gladiator, Balænoptera and Kekenodon onamata. By Dr. Hector | Notes on New Zealand Cetacea, Recent and Fossil. Neobalæna marginata, Kogia breviceps, Orca gladiator, Balænoptera and Kekenodon onamata. By Dr. Hector | 434–436 |
| Notes on New Zealand Fishes. By Dr. Hector | Notes on New Zealand Fishes. By Dr. Hector | Notes on New Zealand Fishes. By Dr. Hector | 436 |
| Description of Maori Comb and Arrow Heads. By T. W. Kirk | Description of Maori Comb and Arrow Heads. By T. W. Kirk | Description of Maori Comb and Arrow Heads. By T. W. Kirk | 436 |
| Notes on Dr. Dudgeon's Experiments regarding the Temperature of the Breath. By W. Skey | Notes on Dr. Dudgeon's Experiments regarding the Temperature of the Breath. By W. Skey | Notes on Dr. Dudgeon's Experiments regarding the Temperature of the Breath. By W. Skey | 437 |
| Remarks on New Zealand Olives. By T. Kirk, F.L.S. | Remarks on New Zealand Olives. By T. Kirk, F.L.S. | Remarks on New Zealand Olives. By T. Kirk, F.L.S. | 437 |
| On the Occurrence of Friodia in New Zealand. By T. Kirk | On the Occurrence of Friodia in New Zealand. By T. Kirk | On the Occurrence of Friodia in New Zealand. By T. Kirk | 437 |
| A Revision of the New Zealand Lepidia, with Description of new Species. By T. Kirk | A Revision of the New Zealand Lepidia, with Description of new Species. By T. Kirk | A Revision of the New Zealand Lepidia, with Description of new Species. By T. Kirk | 437 |
| Notes on Plants recently added to the New Zealand Flora. By T. Kirk | Notes on Plants recently added to the New Zealand Flora. By T. Kirk | Notes on Plants recently added to the New Zealand Flora. By T. Kirk | 487 |
| Notes on Plants from Campbell Island. By T. Kirk | Notes on Plants from Campbell Island. By T. Kirk | Notes on Plants from Campbell Island. By T. Kirk | 437 |
| Exhibition of Gold Quartz from Te Aroha and Terawhiti; Coal from Wairarapa; Galena and Zinc Blende from Tararua Mountains, and Description of Locality in which the Terawhiti Specimen was found. By Dr. Hector | Exhibition of Gold Quartz from Te Aroha and Terawhiti; Coal from Wairarapa; Galena and Zinc Blende from Tararua Mountains, and Description of Locality in which the Terawhiti Specimen was found. By Dr. Hector | Exhibition of Gold Quartz from Te Aroha and Terawhiti; Coal from Wairarapa; Galena and Zinc Blende from Tararua Mountains, and Description of Locality in which the Terawhiti Specimen was found. By Dr. Hector | 487 |
| AUCKLAND INSTITUTE. ||||
| Lecture on Afghanistan and Central Asia. By the Right Rev. W. G. Cowie, D.D. | Lecture on Afghanistan and Central Asia. By the Right Rev. W. G. Cowie, D.D. | Lecture on Afghanistan and Central Asia. By the Right Rev. W. G. Cowie, D.D. | 438 |
| Lecture on Chromatics. By J. Martin, F.G.S. | Lecture on Chromatics. By J. Martin, F.G.S. | Lecture on Chromatics. By J. Martin, F.G.S. | 438 |
| Lecture on Edgar Allen Poe, a Study in Morbid Psychology. By E. A. Mackechnie | Lecture on Edgar Allen Poe, a Study in Morbid Psychology. By E. A. Mackechnie | Lecture on Edgar Allen Poe, a Study in Morbid Psychology. By E. A. Mackechnie | 438 |
| Opening Address. By Dr. Purchas | Opening Address. By Dr. Purchas | Opening Address. By Dr. Purchas | 438 |
| On Art and Literature. By Albin Martin | On Art and Literature. By Albin Martin | On Art and Literature. By Albin Martin | 439 |
| Exhibition of Group of Birds of Paradise | Exhibition of Group of Birds of Paradise | Exhibition of Group of Birds of Paradise | 439 |
| Lecture on Russia and the Turkomans. By Hon. Col. Haultain | Lecture on Russia and the Turkomans. By Hon. Col. Haultain | Lecture on Russia and the Turkomans. By Hon. Col. Haultain | 439 |
| On Runes. By Neil Heath, F.G.S. | On Runes. By Neil Heath, F.G.S. | On Runes. By Neil Heath, F.G.S. | 439 |
| Lecture on Explosives. By J. A. Pond | Lecture on Explosives. By J. A. Pond | Lecture on Explosives. By J. A. Pond | 439 |
| Additions to Museum and Library | Additions to Museum and Library | Additions to Museum and Library | 440 |
| Names of Places, and their Origin and Meaning. By the Rev. J. Bates | Names of Places, and their Origin and Meaning. By the Rev. J. Bates | Names of Places, and their Origin and Meaning. By the Rev. J. Bates | 440 |
| On the Spontaneity or Self-action of the Will, as opposed to all doctrines of necessity. By the Rev. S. Edgar | On the Spontaneity or Self-action of the Will, as opposed to all doctrines of necessity. By the Rev. S. Edgar | On the Spontaneity or Self-action of the Will, as opposed to all doctrines of necessity. By the Rev. S. Edgar | 440 |
| Lecture on the Exodus of Israel. By R. S. Barstow | Lecture on the Exodus of Israel. By R. S. Barstow | Lecture on the Exodus of Israel. By R. S. Barstow | 441 |
| Lecture—A day on the Ice around Mount Blanc. By Neil Heath, F.G.S. | Lecture—A day on the Ice around Mount Blanc. By Neil Heath, F.G.S. | Lecture—A day on the Ice around Mount Blanc. By Neil Heath, F.G.S. | 441 |
| Remarks on Dr. Curl's paper on the Growth of Sugar-beet in New Zealand. By R. R. Hunt | Remarks on Dr. Curl's paper on the Growth of Sugar-beet in New Zealand. By R. R. Hunt | Remarks on Dr. Curl's paper on the Growth of Sugar-beet in New Zealand. By R. R. Hunt | 441 |
| On Heredity. By E. A. Mackechnie | On Heredity. By E. A. Mackechnie | On Heredity. By E. A. Mackechnie | 443 |
| Abstract of Annual Report | Abstract of Annual Report | Abstract of Annual Report | 444 |
| Election of Office-bearers for 1881 | Election of Office-bearers for 1881 | Election of Office-bearers for 1881 | 444 |
| PHILOSOPHICAL INSTITUTE OF CANTERBURY. ||||
| Opening Address. By President, E. Dobson | Opening Address. By President, E. Dobson | Opening Address. By President, E. Dobson | 445 |
| Election of Honorary Secretary | Election of Honorary Secretary | Election of Honorary Secretary | 447 |
| Notes on Suitable Subjects for Papers. By C. W. Adams | Notes on Suitable Subjects for Papers. By C. W. Adams | Notes on Suitable Subjects for Papers. By C. W. Adams | 447 |
| Election of N. K. Cherill to Council | Election of N. K. Cherill to Council | Election of N. K. Cherill to Council | 447 |
| On Hymenoptera of New Zealand. By Professor Hutton | On Hymenoptera of New Zealand. By Professor Hutton | On Hymenoptera of New Zealand. By Professor Hutton | 447 |
| On the Orthoptera of New Zealand. By Professor Hutton | On the Orthoptera of New Zealand. By Professor Hutton | On the Orthoptera of New Zealand. By Professor Hutton | 448 |
| Notes re Meteorological Stations. By W. M. Maskell | Notes re Meteorological Stations. By W. M. Maskell | Notes re Meteorological Stations. By W. M. Maskell | 448 |
| On Partial Impact. By Professor Bickerton | On Partial Impact. By Professor Bickerton | On Partial Impact. By Professor Bickerton | 448 |
| On a New Species of Diatom. By J. Inglis | On a New Species of Diatom. By J. Inglis | On a New Species of Diatom. By J. Inglis | 448 |
| On the Study of the French and German Languages. By J. von Tunzelmann | On the Study of the French and German Languages. By J. von Tunzelmann | On the Study of the French and German Languages. By J. von Tunzelmann | 449 |
| On some recent Criticisms on Partial Impact. By N. K. Cherill | On some recent Criticisms on Partial Impact. By N. K. Cherill | On some recent Criticisms on Partial Impact. By N. K. Cherill | 449 |
| On Sericiculture. By F. Adams | On Sericiculture. By F. Adams | On Sericiculture. By F. Adams | 450 |
| On the Study of the French and German Languages (second paper). By J. von Tunzelmann | On the Study of the French and German Languages (second paper). By J. von Tunzelmann | On the Study of the French and German Languages (second paper). By J. von Tunzelmann | 450 |
| Abstract of Annual Report | Abstract of Annual Report | Abstract of Annual Report | 450 |
| Election of Office-bearers for 1881 | Election of Office-bearers for 1881 | Election of Office-bearers for 1881 | 450 |
| OTAGO INSTITUTE. ||||
| Election of Professor Parker on Council | Election of Professor Parker on Council | Election of Professor Parker on Council | 451 |
| John Stuart Mill on Mind and Matter. By A. Montgomery | John Stuart Mill on Mind and Matter. By A. Montgomery | John Stuart Mill on Mind and Matter. By A. Montgomery | 451 |
| Exhibition of Adult and Young specimens of the Rock-hopper (Pyzoscelis tæniata). By Professor Parker | Exhibition of Adult and Young specimens of the Rock-hopper (Pyzoscelis tæniata). By Professor Parker | Exhibition of Adult and Young specimens of the Rock-hopper (Pyzoscelis tæniata). By Professor Parker | 452 |
| Exhibition of Skeleton of Pea-hen. By Professor Parker | Exhibition of Skeleton of Pea-hen. By Professor Parker | Exhibition of Skeleton of Pea-hen. By Professor Parker | 452 |
| Report of Dunedin Naturalists' Field Club | Report of Dunedin Naturalists' Field Club | Report of Dunedin Naturalists' Field Club | 452 |
| Lecture on Early History of New Zealand. By Dr. Hocken | Lecture on Early History of New Zealand. By Dr. Hocken | Lecture on Early History of New Zealand. By Dr. Hocken | 452 |
| Lecture on Early History of New Zealand. By Dr. Hocken. (Second lecture.) | Lecture on Early History of New Zealand. By Dr. Hocken. (Second lecture.) | Lecture on Early History of New Zealand. By Dr. Hocken. (Second lecture.) | 452 |
| Lecture on Modern Histological Methods. By Professor Parker | Lecture on Modern Histological Methods. By Professor Parker | Lecture on Modern Histological Methods. By Professor Parker | 452 |
| Address to Charles Darwin, F.R.S. | Address to Charles Darwin, F.R.S. | Address to Charles Darwin, F.R.S. | 453 |
| On the History of Fish Culture in New Zealand. By W. Arthur | On the History of Fish Culture in New Zealand. By W. Arthur | On the History of Fish Culture in New Zealand. By W. Arthur | 453 |
| Election of Office-bearers for 1881 | Election of Office-bearers for 1881 | Election of Office-bearers for 1881 | 453 |
| Abstract of Annual Report | Abstract of Annual Report | Abstract of Annual Report | 453 |
| WESTLAND INSTITUTE. ||||
| On a Bird new to Science, found at mouth of the Mikonui River. by T. E. Clarke | On a Bird new to Science, found at mouth of the Mikonui River. by T. E. Clarke | On a Bird new to Science, found at mouth of the Mikonui River. by T. E. Clarke | 454 |
| Adstract of Annual Report | Adstract of Annual Report | Adstract of Annual Report | 454 |
| Election of Office-bearers for 1881 | Election of Office-bearers for 1881 | Election of Office-bearers for 1881 | 454 |
| HAWKE'S BAY PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY. ||||
| Election of Office-bearers for 1880 | Election of Office-bearers for 1880 | Election of Office-bearers for 1880 | 455 |
| Abstract of Annual Report | Abstract of Annual Report | Abstract of Annual Report | 455 |
| Exhibition of Diatoms with Microscope. By Dr. Spencer | Exhibition of Diatoms with Microscope. By Dr. Spencer | Exhibition of Diatoms with Microscope. By Dr. Spencer | 455 |
| Exhibition by Secretary of specimens of Gold Ores and Auriferous Quartz, etc., from New Zealand and Australia | Exhibition by Secretary of specimens of Gold Ores and Auriferous Quartz, etc., from New Zealand and Australia | Exhibition by Secretary of specimens of Gold Ores and Auriferous Quartz, etc., from New Zealand and Australia | 455 |
| Exhibition of Indigenous Specimens of Arachnida and Insecta. By W. Colenso, F.L.S. | Exhibition of Indigenous Specimens of Arachnida and Insecta. By W. Colenso, F.L.S. | Exhibition of Indigenous Specimens of Arachnida and Insecta. By W. Colenso, F.L.S. | 456 ​ |
| Exhibition of Fossil Teeth of Fishes of the family Squalidæ and Spines of Raiidæ | Exhibition of Fossil Teeth of Fishes of the family Squalidæ and Spines of Raiidæ | Exhibition of Fossil Teeth of Fishes of the family Squalidæ and Spines of Raiidæ | 456 |
| On Rare and Peculiar New Zealand Insects. By W. Colenso | On Rare and Peculiar New Zealand Insects. By W. Colenso | On Rare and Peculiar New Zealand Insects. By W. Colenso | 457 |
| Election of Governor of New Zealand Institute | Election of Governor of New Zealand Institute | Election of Governor of New Zealand Institute | 457 |
| Election of new Members during the Year | Election of new Members during the Year | Election of new Members during the Year | 457 |
| SOUTHLAND INSTITUTE. ||||
| Address by President, J. T. Thomson, F.R.G.S. | Address by President, J. T. Thomson, F.R.G.S. | Address by President, J. T. Thomson, F.R.G.S. | 458 |
| Abstract of Annual Report | Abstract of Annual Report | Abstract of Annual Report | 462 |
| Election of Office-bearers for 1880 | Election of Office-bearers for 1880 | Election of Office-bearers for 1880 | 462 |
| On Orepuki Black-sand. By W. S. Hamilton | On Orepuki Black-sand. By W. S. Hamilton | On Orepuki Black-sand. By W. S. Hamilton | 462 |
| On Mind Stuff. By J. T. Thomson | On Mind Stuff. By J. T. Thomson | On Mind Stuff. By J. T. Thomson | 462 |
| On Improvements in the New River. By J. T. Thomson | On Improvements in the New River. By J. T. Thomson | On Improvements in the New River. By J. T. Thomson | 462 |
| Election of Office-bearers for 1881 | Election of Office-bearers for 1881 | Election of Office-bearers for 1881 | 462 |
LIST OF PLATES.
| Plate | | TO FACE PAGE |
| I. | Bickerton.—Diagrams showing Eccentricity of Planetary Orbits | 152 |
| IIa. | {{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„ Formation of Double Stars. | 164 |
| IIb. | {{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„ Motion of the Earth | 164 |
| III. | Haast.—Balænoptera rostrata Hector.—Hypolycodes haastii | 172 |
| IV. | Arthur.—Salmonidæ | 184 |
| V. | {{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„ | 192 |
| VI. | Hutton.—Malacological specimens | 200 |
| VII. | G. M. Thomson.—Crustaceans | 208 |
| VIII. | {{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„ | 216 |
| IX. | Haast.—Harpagornis assimilis | 232 |
| X. | G. M. Thomson.—Flowering Plants | 288 |
| XI. | Maskell.—Desmidieæ | 304 |
| XII. | {{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„ | 312 |
| XIII. | Mollet.—Hormosira billardieri | 320 |
| XIV. | {{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„ | 320 |
| XV. | Parker.—Venous system of Skate | 416 |
| XVI. | Hamilton.—Foraminifera | 394 |
| XVII. | Knight.—Thysanothecium | 386 |
| XVIII. | Hector.—New Zeuglodont (Kekenodon) | 435 |