OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Lorimer, Hon. Sir James

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​Lorimer, Hon. Sir James, K.C.M.G., M.L.C., was born in Dumfriesshire in 1831, and educated at Hatton House Academy in that county. After acquiring mercantile experience in an American house in Liverpool, he arrived in Victoria in 1853, and founded the firm of Lorimer, Mackie & Co., agents for the White Star Line, the designation of the firm being subsequently changed to Lorimer, Marwood & Rome, and more recently to Lorimer, Rome & Co. Sir James in his early political career was a Liberal-Conservative and free trader, entering the Legislative Council, in which he held a seat till his death, for the Central Province in 1878. He was twice President of the Melbourne Chamber of Commerce, and was the first Chairman of the Melbourne Harbour Trust. In Feb. 1886, when the Gillies Ministry was formed, he accepted the post of Minister of Defence, and was sworn of the Executive Council. In the next year he was associated with Mr. Deakin and Sir Graham Berry as one of the Victorian representatives to the Colonial Conference in London, and was created K.C.M.G. during his visit. Whilst in England he did much useful work in connection with defence matters. He died in Melbourne on Sept. 6th, 1889.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Lord, Hon. George William

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​Lord, Hon. George William, M.L.C., fifth son of the late Simeon Lord, of Sydney, was born on August 5th, 1818, and educated under Dr. Halloran and Mr. Cape. From 1837 to 1850 he resided in the Wellington district, and occupied himself in squatting pursuits. He was elected to the first Legislative Assembly of New South Wales for the Bogan in 1856, and continued to represent the constituency till 1877, when he accepted a nomination to the Upper House, in which he remained till his death. Mr. Lord, who was for many years a director of the Commercial Banking Company of Sydney, held the office of Colonial Treasurer in Sir James Martin's third Ministry, from Dec. 1870 to May 1872. He died on May 9th, 1880.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Loton, William Thorley

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​Loton, William Thorley, M.L.A., represented Greenough in the old Legislative Council of Western Australia, and was elected to the Legislative Assembly for Swan at the end of 1890. He was one of the representatives of the colony of Western Australia at the Federation Convention held in Sydney in March 1891.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Longmore, Hon. Francis

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​Longmore, Hon. Francis, formerly Minister of Lands, Victoria, is the youngest son of George Longmore, a farmer in Monaghan, Ireland, where he was born in 1826. He was educated at Mr. Blackey's Presbyterian Academy, Monaghan, and in 1839 went to Australia with the members of his family, who settled in New South Wales, where he followed farming pursuits till 1851, when he started business in Sydney as a commission agent. The next year he removed to Victoria, where since 1854 he has farmed land in the Learmonth district. In 1856 Mr. Longmore began to take an active part in public affairs, being a strong opponent of the abuses of the land system. In 1861 he stood for the county of Ripon and Hampden, but was defeated by Mr. J. Service. In 1864 he was successful against another opponent. In the Assembly he distinguished himself as a strong Liberal, Protectionist, and land reformer. He held office as Commissioner of Railways and Vice-President of the Board of Land and Works under Mr. (now Sir) Charles G. Duffy from June 1871 to June 1872, and was Minister of Lands under Mr. (now Sir) Graham Berry from August to Oct. 1875. In the second Berry Government, which lasted from May 1877 till March 1880, he held the same position, distinguishing himself as a Minister by his vehement opposition to squatting and support of small settlement. Mr. Longmore was defeated for Ripon and Hampden in 1883, and has not re-entered Parliament.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Lovett, Major Henry Wilton

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​Lovett, Major Henry Wilton, D.A.A.G., South Australia, served as lieutenant in the Royal Carnarvon Rifles Militia in 1877-8; became second lieutenant in the Prince Albert's 13th Light Infantry in August 1878, and served with the Flying Column throughout the Zulu war, in 1878-9; was present at the battle of Kambula, and the engagement of Zungen Neck, for which he received a medal with clasp; served in the Nile Expedition with the Egyptian army, and, as staff officer of Shellal, was mentioned in despatches, and received a medal with clasp, the Khedive's bronze star, and the 4th class of the Medjidie. He was also officially thanked by General Lord Wolseley for services connected with the purchase of transport. In 1886-7 Captain Lovett served with the 2nd Battalion of the Somersetshire Light Infantry in the Burmese war, and with the Mainhing column to the Shan States, receiving a medal with clasp. Captain Lovett won a first extra certificate in musketry at Hythe, and first certificates in fortification and surveying at Chatham. In Nov. 1888 he was appointed Brigade-Major and Deputy Assistant Adjutant-General of the South Australian military forces, with the local rank of major.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Long, Hon. William Alexander

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​Long, Hon. William Alexander, M.L.C., formerly represented Parramatta in the Legislative Assembly of New South Wales, but was nominated to the Legislative Council in August 1885. He was Colonial Treasurer in the Robertson Government from August to Dec. 1877.
# The Female Prose Writers of America/Jane Elizabeth Larcombe

JANE ELIZABETH LARCOMBE.
Miss Larcombe has, within the last three years, won an honourable place among the magazinists of the country. Her tales are sprightly and piquant, and show a degree of originality and a fertility of invention, which augur well for her future and more elaborate efforts. Her stories thus far have appeared in Neal’s Gazette, Godey, Peterson, Sartain, as well as in the Annuals, and all under the assumed name of “Kate Campbell.” She is at present engaged as a regular contributor to some of the religious periodicals of the church to which she belongs—the Baptist.
Miss Larcombe was born January 13, 1829, at Colebrook, Connecticut. The family removed in 1831 to Danbury, Connecticut; in 1834, to Saugerties, New York; and in 1835, to Philadelphia, where they still reside. She is descended, on the mother’s side, of a Scottish family, staunch covenanters. Her father, who was a clergyman, and who, in the latter part of his life, was chaplain to the Eastern Penitentiary of Pennsylvania, was of French descent, from the Waldenses of Piedmont. The family left France at the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, and settled in Bristol, England, and thence emigrated to Hartford, Connecticut.
# The Female Prose Writers of America/Julia C. R. Dorr

JULIA C. R. DORR.
Mrs. Julia Caroline Ripley Dorr was born at Charleston, South Carolina, February 13th, 1825. Before she was two years old, her mother died, and her father shortly after removed to New York city, where he was engaged in mercantile business until 1830, about which time he relinquished his business there, and removed to the state of Vermont. She was married, February 22d, 1847, to Seneca M. Dorr, Esq., of Chatham Four Corners, Columbia county, New York, at which place she has continued to reside ever since.
She is the only child of William S. Ripley, and Zulma Caroline Thomas. Mr. Ripley is a native of Middlebury, Vermont, and has been extensively engaged as commission merchant, both in Charleston and New York. Miss Thomas was the daughter of Jean Jacques Thomas and Susanna De Lacy. They were natives of France, and resided, after their marriage, in the island of St. Domingo, from which place they fled to Charleston, South Carolina, at the time of the insurrection of the slaves in that island.
Mrs. Dorr commenced writing at an early age, and has written much, both in poetry and prose. Her publications, however, did not commence until 1848. Since that time, a large number of her poems has appeared in the different magazines and annuals. Her first attempt at prose, the story of “Isabel Leslie,” had the singular success of gaining one of the hundred dollar prizes proposed by Sartain.
This success, brilliant certainly for a first attempt, has given a new direction, as well as a new impetus to her talents, and she already takes a higher position as a prose writer, than that previously won as a poet. The extract which follows is from “Hillside Cottage” a beautiful story published in one of the annuals for the present year.
# The Female Prose Writers of America/Louisa S. M'Cord

LOUISA S. M’CORD.
Mrs. M’Cord was born in Charleston, South Carolina, Dec. 3, 1810. She is the daughter of Langdon Cheves, Esq., so well known in our public and political history. She was educated in Philadelphia, at the celebrated school of Mr. Charles Picot, during her father’s residence in that city; resided a short time in Lancaster, Pennsylvania; and in 1828, returned to the South, where in May, 1840, she was married to D. J. M’Cord, Esq., of Columbia, South Carolina. She is living at present on a plantation, about thirty miles below Columbia.
Mrs. M’Cord has not published much, but quite enough to show that the advantages of birth and education so liberally granted her, have not been without fruit. She is one of the few women who have undertaken to write on the difficult subject of political economy. Her contributions on this subject to the Southern Quarterly Review are characterized by masculine vigour and an enlarged acquaintance with the subject. Among them may be named particularly “Justice and Fraternity,” July, 1849; “The Right to Labour,” Oct. 1849; “Diversity of Races, its Bearing upon Negro Slavery,” April, 1851. She has published also a small volume, called “Sophisms of Political Economy,” translated from the French of Frederick Bastiat.
Mrs. M’Cord is also favourably known as a poet. A volume of her poetry entitled “My Dreams,” appeared in 1848; and in 1851, she published “Caius Gracchus, a Tragedy,” by far the most elaborate and important of her writings.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Education, Junior High School

Edition of 1920. See also the disclaimer.
EDUCATION, Junior High School. See Junior High School.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Education, Medical

Edition of 1920. See also the disclaimer.
EDUCATION, Medical. See Medical Education.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Education, Public School Organization

Edition of 1920. See also the disclaimer.
EDUCATION, Public School Organization. See Public School Organization; Public or Common Schools.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Education, Religious, in the United States

Edition of 1920. See also the disclaimer.
EDUCATION, Religious, in the United States. See Religious Education in the United States.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Education, Kindergarten

Edition of 1920. See also the disclaimer.
EDUCATION, Kindergarten. See Kindergarten.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Education, Negro

Edition of 1920. See also the disclaimer.
EDUCATION, Negro. See Negro Education.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Spiegeleisen

Edition of 1920. See also Spiegeleisen on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
SPIEGELEISEN, spē'g’l-ī''zĕn, a white cast iron originating in Germany, made from specular iron ore, or hematite, containing a large percentage of carbon and manganese. Being remarkably free from impurities, as phosphorus, sulphur, silica, it is largely used in the Bessemer process of steel-making for the purpose of reintroducing carbon. It reduces the iron oxide and is itself subject to oxidation.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Spitta, Julius August Philipp

Edition of 1920. See also Philipp Spitta on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
SPITTA, Julius August Philipp, German musical historian: b. Wechold, Hanover, 27 Dec. 1841; d. Berlin, 13 April 1894. He was educated at the University of Göttingen. He engaged in teaching, meantime making a study of the history of music and musicians. The appearance of the first volume of his life of Bach (2 vols., 1873-82) brought him immediate recognition, and in 1875 he was appointed professor of musical history at the University of Berlin, and perpetual secretary to the Academy
of Arts there. He was also connected with the High School of Music from 1875, and from 1882 was a permanent director. He wrote the biographies of Bach and Schumann for the ‘Musikalische Vorträge,’ as well as the article on Spontini for that work. He was co-editor of Vierteljahrsschrift für Musikwissenschaft; edited the organ works of Buxtehude (2 vols., 1875-76); and the complete edition of the works of Heinrich Shültz.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Spitteler, Carl

Edition of 1920. See also Carl Spitteler on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
SPITTELER, Carl, poet: b. Liestal near Basel, Switzerland, 24 April 1845. His father was an official of the government, being Federal Secretary of the Treasury from 1849-56. Young Spitteler attended the gymnasium at Basel, being fortunate in having among his teachers such men as Wilhelm Wackernagel, the great philologist, and Jakob Burckhardt, the author of the famous work on the Italian Renaissance. Later he studied at the universities of Basel, Zürich and Heidelberg. He began with jurisprudence and afterward changed to theology, but when a position as pastor was offered him, he felt that he must decline it. He had begun to realize his mission as an epic poet and therefore refused to work in the field for which he had prepared himself. His first work, ‘Prometheus und Epimetheus’ appeared in 1880-81. It is an allegory which symbolises the joys and sorrows of an exalted soul striving to attain an ideal, although the loyalty to this ideal is paid for by a life full of misery. The style reminds one of Nietsche's ‘Zarathustra,’ but Spitteler was not influenced by Nietsche, as that is chronologically impossible. Rather the reverse is true, although Nietsche never acknowledged his indebtedness to Spitteler. The two works in a way complement each other. In Nietsche we have direct didactic statement, while in Spitteler a higher phase, the symbolical, is predominant. From 1870 to 1879 he spent in Russia as a private tutor and later he served as teacher in Neuenstadt not far from Berne. In 1882 he published his ‘Extramundana,’ a collection of poems. He gave up teaching in 1885 and devoted himself to a journalistic career in Basel. Now his works began to come in rapid succession. In 1891 there appeared ‘Friedli, der Kalderi,’ a collection of short stories, in which Spitteler, as he himself says, depicted Russian realism. In 1898 ‘Conrad der Leutnant’ was published; ‘Literarische Gleichnisse’ had appeared in 1892, and ‘Balladen’ in 1896.
His most important production, ‘Der Olympische Frühling,’ appeared 1900-03 and was revised in 1910. It is an epic poem of the heroic type in which Spitteler has given us his interpretation of life. The ancient mythology is not used as a setting but as an appeal to the imagination. He tells of the doings of gods and men in an elevated style and by implication he impresses upon us his ideas and ideals.
Gottfried Keller, the realist, had some difficulty in understanding the allegorical works of Spitteler and his admirers have been few up to recent times. Now a better appreciation of his works seems to be coming. Consult Boesche, ‘Life and Works of Carl Spitteler’ (in ‘The German Classics,’ Vol. XIV, New York, 1914); Biese, ‘Deutsche Literaturgeschichte,’ Vol III.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Spiderwort

Edition of 1920. See also Tradescantia on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
SPIDERWORT, any plant of the genus Tradescantia, or (by extension) of the family Commelinacaæ. The spiderworts are perennial, succulent, somewhat mucilaginous herbs, having linear or lanceolate leaves and showy reddish or blue flowers in umbel-like cymes, subtended by bracts. Tradescantia virginiana is a species native to the Middle Atlantic States, but often found farther north in cultivation or escaped from gardens. It has stems often in clusters and about a foot high; the leaves very narrow, either glabrous or slightly pubescent, as long as the stem and of a bright green color. The large corollas of three petals are sky-blue, the villous pedicels being declined until in bloom. The sepals are broad and herbaceous. The anthers are large, crescent-shaped and golden, and the filaments are heavily bearded. A South American spiderwort, T. fluminensis, is better known under the title of Wandering Jew. It has similar flowers and broadly lanceolate leaves and is very easily propagated by cuttings, growing often in water only.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Spinner, Francis Elias

Edition of 1920. See also Francis E. Spinner on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
SPINNER, Francis Elias, American financier: b. German Flats (now Mohawk), N. Y., 21 Jan. 1802; d. Jacksonville, Fla., 31 Dec. 1890. He was apprenticed to a confectioner and then to a saddler, but in 1824 became a merchant at Herkimer, N. Y. He was deputy sheriff of Herkimer County in 1829-34, sheriff in 1835-37, was active in the militia where he gained the rank of major-general and in 1838-39 was State commissioner for building the State lunatic asylum at Utica. He was connected with a bank in Mohawk for 20 years as cashier and as president, was auditor and deputy naval officer in the naval office at New York in 1845-49, and in 1855-57 was a Democratic member of Congress. He was one of the original members of the Republican party, was re-elected by it to Congress m 1856 and in 1858, and was appointed United States treasurer by President Lincoln in 1861, a post which he occupied until 1875. He was the first to suggest the employment of women in the government offices and carried his point, though against much opposition. His name became during his long term of office the synonym of integrity and his designedly singular signature on the “greenbacks” of the United States was the most familiar autograph in the country.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Spits

Edition of 1920. See also the disclaimer.
SPITS. See Shore Line.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Spitta, Karl Johann Phillip

Edition of 1920. See also Philipp Spitta (poet) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
SPITTA, Karl Johann Phillip, German hymnist: b. Hanover, 1801; d. Burgdorf, 1859. After completing studies at Göttingen University, he taught from 1824 to 1828 at Lüne, where he composed the hymns which brought him into prominence. He served as pastor in several localities and became superintending clergyman at Burgdorf in 1859, a short time before his death. His hymns of perfect lyric form and purity of style are marked by spiritual elevation and a wealth of thought and sentiment embodied in fresh, vigorous language. They came into general use and retain a high position in the hymnology of the period. They appear in ‘Nachgelassene geistliche Lieder’ (1861 et seq.); in ‘Psalter und Harfe’ (1833; rev. ed. with bibliography, 1890; Jubilee ed. 1901). Consult Münkel, ‘Phillip Spitta’ (Leipzig 1861); Majer, ‘id.’ (2d ed., (Bremen 1891).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Speyer, James

Edition of 1920. See also James Speyer on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
SPEYER, James, American banker: b. New York, 22 July 1861. He was educated at Frankfort, Germany, and entered his family's banking-house in that city in 1883. He was
subsequently connected with the Paris and London branches of the firm before returning to New York. He became the head of the family firm of bankers and was an officer in many other banks and trust companies. He was one of the founders of the Provident Loan Company and a trustee of Teachers' College, Columbia University, to which he in 1902 presented the Speyer School. He was actively connected with the defeat of the Tammany Hall organization in 1894.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Speyers, Arthur Bayard

Edition of 1920. See also the disclaimer.
SPEYERS, Arthur Bayard, American naval officer: b. New York, 15 Aug. 1846; d. Montreal, province of Quebec, 19 Nov. 1918. He was admitted to the United States Naval Academy in 1863, where he remained until six months before the close of the Civil War in 1865, when he was assigned with other members of his class to duty as acting midshipman on vessels assigned to destroy privateers. At the close of the war he returned to the Naval Academy, where he was graduated in 1868. His first assignment was to the North Atlantic fleet. A year later he was promoted to the rank of ensign and transferred to the Benicia on the Asiatic station. Two years later he was promoted to master, and while serving on the Kansas in 1874 was commissioned lieutenant. He was made lieutenant-commander in 1895. Soon after the beginning of the Spanish-American War in 1898 he was assigned to command the Cæsar and took part in bottling up Cervera's fleet in the harbor of Santiago de Cuba. At the close of the war, Commander Speyers was placed in command of the Glacier. He retired with the rank of rear-admiral, 11 Jan. 1905.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Spielhagen, Friedrich

Edition of 1920. See also Friedrich von Spielhagen on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
SPIELHAGEN, spēl'hä''gĕn, Friedrich, German author: b. Magdeburg, 24 Feb. 1829; d. 1911. He studied at Berlin, Bonn and Greifswald, turned from an academic career to literature, made some translations from French and English, including one of ‘Amerikanische Gedichte’ (1856; 3d ed., 1871), and after publishing two sketches that attracted little attention, became well known through his ‘Problematische Naturen’ (1860), in which he advocated the advanced liberal politics of his time. His 'Sturmflut' (1876), based on the financial crises in Berlin following the Franco-Prussian War, is worthy of comparison with this. He wrote a great number of optimistic and sometimes extravagant novels, having a preference for social problems. His books are often truly voluminous and frequently somewhat grandiose, but display a certain energy of treatment in dealing with what the author believed important questions of the time. See Problematische Naturen.