OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Corycus

From volume 4 of the work.
A titular see of Cilicia Trachæa in Asia Minor. It was the port of Seleucia, where, in 191 B.C., the fleet of Antiochus the Great was defeated by the Romans. In the Roman times it preserved its ancient laws; the emperors usually kept a fleet there to watch over the pirates. Justinian restored the public baths and a hospital. Alexius Comnenus re-equipped the fortress, which had been dismantled. Soon after Corycus was conquered by the Armenians, who held it till the middle of the fourteenth century, when it was occupied temporarily by the Turks, and for a time played an important part. Peter I, King of Cyprus, captured it in 1361. From 1448 or 1454 it belonged alternately to the Karamanlis, the Egyptians, the Karamanlis a second time, and finally to the Osmanlis. The ruins of the city are at Ghorghos, twenty-eight miles north-east of Selefke (Seleucia), in the vilayet of Adana. Among them are a triumphal arch, a beautiful Christian tomb, sarcophagi, etc. The two medieval castles, one on the shore, the other in an islet, connected by a ruined pier, are partially preserved; the former was reputed impregnable. Three churches are also found, one decorated with frescoes. About two miles from the cape is the famous Corycian cavern, 886 feet long, 65 wide, from 98 to 228 high. Near this castle are many other smaller but curious grottoes, a temple of Zeus, and a little church with Byzantine paintings, converted into a mosque. About ten miles north of Ghorghos exists another large grotto with thirteen curious bas-reliefs hewn in the rock. The city figures in the "Synecdemus" of Hierocles, and about 840 in Parthey's "Notitia Prima"; it was suffragan of Tarsus. Lequien (II, 879) mentions five Greek bishops from 381 to 680; another is known from an inscription (Waddington, Inscriptions . . . d'Asie mineure, 341). One Latin Bishop, Gerardus, was present at a council of Antioch about 1136; four are known in the fourteenth century (Lequien, III, 1197; Eubel, I, 218).
CUINET, Turquie d'Asie, II, 73; ALISHAN, Sissouan (Venice, 1899), 393-409.
S. VAILHÉ
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Cosimo Rosselli

From volume 13 of the work.
(LORENZO DI FILIPPO).
Italian fresco painter, b. at Florence, 1439; d. there in 1507. The master-works of this skilful artist are the four panels in the Sistine Chapel which he painted for Sixtus IV as a part of the decoration in that building. Vasari tells us that they pleased the pope more than the similar panels by Ghirlandajo, Signorelli, Perugino, and Botticelli by reason of the glory of blue and gold which distinguished them, but is not existent now. The panels are skilfully composed, marked by clever draughtsmanship, and harmonious in their colour scheme, but vastly inferior to the other panels in the same chapel. One is, therefore, more easily able to understand Vasari's comment upon them, because there must have been some reason to account for Rosselli being given so many panels. His reputation rests more securely on his close friendship with Benozzo Gozzoli and on the fact that amongst his pupils were Fra Bartolommeo and Piero di Cosimo. Amongst his other works are three frescoes at Berlin, a very important one from Fiesole in the National Gallery, a fine example in Paris, and several at Florence, including one in the Academy, and others in various churches.
BRYAN, Dict. of Painters and Engravers, V (London, 1904), s.v.
GEORGE CHARLES WILLIAMSON
# Calvin's Commentaries—Complete/Genesis 1-23/Greek Words and Phrases

There may be a word missing from the beginning

## Index of Greek Words and Phrases

Index of Greek Words and Phrases
[675]1 * anthropopatheia: [676]1 * anthropopatheian: [677]1 * antistoikon: [678]1 * antistrophon: [679]1 * antitupos: [680]1 * aposiopesis: [681]1 * aposkenosas: [682]1 * autochthonas: [683]1 * ho hon kai ho en kai ho erchomenos: [684]1 * husteron proteron: [685]1 * Anagoge: [686]1 * Astatoumenos: [687]1 * Eis sarka mian: [688]1 * Ektesamen anthropon dia ton Theou: [689]1 * En meso tou xulou tou paradeisou: [690]1 * En tois hergois sou: [691]1 * Ina sungenometha autois: [692]1 * Kata prosopopoiian: [693]1 * Kat'' auton: [694]1 * Ou me katameine to pneuma mou: [695]1 * Ouk ea<n ojrqw~v prosene>nkHus orthos de me dieles emartes: [696]1 * To deilinon: [697]1 * Philoneikia: [698]1 * gerotrophon: [699]1 * zoe: [700]1 * kai akataskeuastos: [701]1 * kosmos: [702]1 * kai met ekeino: [703]1 * koinho: [704]1 * logizesthai: [705]1 * mikrikosmos: [706]1 * pantokrator: [707]1 * platunai ho Theos: [708]1 * stereoma: [709]1 * stenon kai tremon: [710]1 * ta mhe ech phainomenon blepomena: [711]1 * cheirotonein: [712]1
# Calvin's Commentaries—Complete/Genesis 1-23/Index of Scripture References

These may not be very useful as they refer to the page numbers of the book

## Index of Scripture References

Genesis
[13]1:1-6[14]1:1-31[15]1:2[16]1:28[17]1:29-30[18]2:1 [19]2:1-25[20]2:15[21]2:19[22]3:1[23]3:1-24[24]3:7 [25]3:16[26]4:1[27]4:1-26[28]4:7[29]5:1[30]5:1-32 [31]6:1[32]6:1-22[33]6:11-16[34]7:1-24[35]7:11 [36]8:1-22[37]9:1[38]9:1[39]9:1-29[40]9:2[41]9:24 [42]10[43]10:1[44]10:1[45]10:1-32[46]10:21[47]11:1 [48]11:1[49]11:1-32[50]11:28[51]12:1[52]12:1[53]12:1 [54]12:1-20[55]12:4[56]12:4[57]12:6[58]13:1[59]13:1-20 [60]14:1-24[61]15:1-21[62]15:7[63]16:1-16[64]16:2 [65]16:8[66]17:1[67]17:1[68]17:1[69]17:1[70]17:1-27 [71]18:1[72]18:1[73]18:1-33[74]18:19[75]19:1-38 [76]20:1[77]20:1[78]20:1-18[79]21:1-34[80]21:15 [81]22:1-24[82]22:18[83]23:1-20[84]24:31[85]25:1 [86]25:13-16[87]35:7[88]48:1
Exodus
[89]6:3[90]12:40
Leviticus
[91]7:18[92]17:4[93]18:25
Numbers
[94]6:23[95]12:6[96]23:10
Deuteronomy
[97]10:8[98]10:17[99]32:11[100]32:35
Joshua
[101]13:33[102]15:54[103]22:22[104]24:1[105]24:2
1 Samuel
[106]14:44[107]15:22[108]15:22[109]16:7
2 Samuel
[110]19:19[111]24:16
2 Kings
[112]12:15[113]19:35
Job
[114]38:8
Psalms
[115]5:10[116]14:3[117]16:6[118]19:1[119]33:5[120]33:6 [121]33:7[122]34:16[123]50:14[124]50:23[125]51:5 [126]51:19[127]55:23[128]78:13[129]78:49[130]91:11 [131]104:2[132]104:3[133]104:4[134]104:29[135]104:29 [136]104:30[137]104:31[138]105:12-15[139]105:14 [140]106:31[141]110:4[142]115:17[143]116:12[144]127:2 [145]127:3[146]127:3[147]132:14[148]139:7[149]148:4
Proverbs
[150]21:2[151]21:30
Song of Solomon
[152]4:6
Isaiah
[153]1:15[154]2:2[155]6:3[156]19:18[157]23:13[158]30:1 [159]34:11[160]37:12[161]40:5[162]44:25[163]51 [164]54:9[165]65:16[166]65:25
Jeremiah
[167]5:22[168]10:2[169]34:18[170]49:32[171]52:23
Ezekiel
[172]16:48-49[173]16:49[174]16:49[175]20:12[176]27:23 [177]28:14
Amos
[178]3:7[179]6:2
Jonah
[180]3:4
Zechariah
[181]2:13
Malachi
[182]2:15
Matthew
[183]5:45[184]8:12[185]10:16[186]11:24[187]18:22 [188]19:5[189]19:5[190]26:41
Luke
[191]1:9[192]17:26[193]17:26[194]17:32[195]24:51
John
[196]1:1-3[197]1:3[198]1:14[199]5:17[200]11:51[201]12:31
Acts
[202]14:17[203]15:9[204]15:16
Romans
[205]1:18[206]1:20[207]2:4[208]2:5[209]2:15[210]3:5-6 [211]3:10[212]3:12[213]4:3[214]4:4[215]4:11[216]4:19 [217]4:19[218]4:21[219]5:12[220]5:12[221]5:12[222]6:13 [223]7:6[224]8:20[225]9:8[226]9:8[227]11:16[228]13:1 [229]14:14[230]14:23[231]15:8[232]16:20
1 Corinthians
[233]1:21[234]1:21[235]2:14[236]4:11[237]4:11[238]5:9 [239]11:10[240]15:22[241]15:45
2 Corinthians
[242]1:20[243]3:7
Galatians
[244]2:15[245]3:17[246]3:17[247]4:1[248]4:3[249]4:21 [250]4:29
Ephesians
[251]2:3[252]2:6[253]2:14[254]4:18[255]4:23[256]5:6 [257]6:5
Colossians
[258]1:5[259]2:11[260]3:10
1 Timothy
[261]1:9[262]2:14[263]4:5
2 Timothy
[264]1:12
Hebrews
[265]1:3[266]1:14[267]7:3[268]7:9[269]9:27[270]11:1 [271]11:3[272]11:3[273]11:4[274]11:5[275]11:7[276]11:7 [277]11:19[278]13:2[279]13:4
James
[280]1:13[281]1:14[282]2:11[283]5:16
1 Peter
[284]1:20-21[285]3:6[286]3:6[287]3:21[288]3:21
2 Peter
[289]3:6
Revelation
[290]22:2
Sirach
[291]18:1
# Calvin's Commentaries—Complete/Genesis 1-23/Faceplate

COMMENTARIES
ON
THE FIRST BOOK OF MOSES
CALLED
GENESIS
BY JOHN CALVIN
TRANSLATED FROM THE ORIGINAL LATIN, AND COMPARED
WITH THE FRENCH EDITION,
BY THE REV. JOHN KING, M.A.,
OF QUEEN'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, INCUMBENT OF CHRIST'S CHURCH, HULL
# Calvin's Commentaries—Complete/Genesis 1-23/German Words and Phrases
## Index of German Words and Phrases

Baumgarten: [1213]1 * Solte denn das wahr seyn, dass Gott gesagt haette: [1214]1 * Von der shaffenden und belebenden Kraft Gottes die uber der chaotischen wasserbedeckten Erde schwebt gleichsam bruetet: [1215]1 * Wahrschenlich aus der Persichen Sprache, wo es die Lustparks der Koenige bezeichnet: [1216]1 * Zu Zeichen der Zeiten: [1217]1
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Ave Regina

From volume 2 of the work.
An antiphon so called from its first line, Ave regina caelorum (Hail, Queen of Heaven). It is one of the four Antiphons of the Blessed Virgin sung in the Divine Office in turn throughout the year, and is assigned thus from Compline of 2 February (even when the Feast of the Purification is transferred) to Holy Thursday exclusively. It comprises two stanzas of four lines each, followed by its own versicle and response and prayer. Its date of composition is uncertain, but the conjecture of Stella (Inst. Liturg., Rome, 1895) that it antedates the fourth century seems to be without any warrant of external or internal evidence. It is found in the St. Alban's Book of the twelfth century; in a Munich manuscript thought by Daniel to be of the thirteenth: in a Sarum Breviary of the fourteenth; and in York and Roman Breviaries of the fifteenth. Th. Bernard [Le Breviaire (Paris, 1887), II, 454 sqq.] says it was introduced into the Divine Office by Clement VI in the fourteenth century. He gives a commentary and thinks he can perceive in it elements of the "noble accents . . . aspirations of many Doctors, such as St. Athanasius, St. Ephrem, St. Ildephonsus". Said during Septuagesima, Lent, Passiontide, the time, namely, of preparation for Easter, it recalls the part Mary had in the drama of the reopening of Heaven to men and shows her as reigning there Queen of Angels. Its opening line was sometimes quoted as the first line of hymns and sequences in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries (cf. Dreves and Blume Analecta Hymnica, I, 94; X, 103; XXX, 238; XXXII, 43; XLVI, 136) which, however, had no other relation with the antiphon, being sometimes meditations on the Ave Maria, sometimes distinct poetical compositions, for example:
   Ave regina caelorum
   Pia virgo tenella,
   Maria (virgo), flos florum
   Christi (que) clausa cella.
   Gratia, quae peccatorum
   Dira tulisti bella
and so on, throughout the whole of the Angelical Salutation down to ventris tui, where the poem ends (manuscript of fourteenth century) (loc. cit., XLVI, 136). Or, as a distinct hymn:
   Ave. regina caelorum,
   Ave. decus angelorum,
   Ave. gaudium sanctorum,
   Ave. solis regia,
in a manuscript of the fifteenth century (loc. cit., XL, 98). The Ave Regina has been translated by Caswall, "Lyra Catholica" (London, 1849, 1873, 1884; New York, 1851), whose version is used in the "Manual of Prayers" (Baltimore), 77: "Hail, O Queen of Heaven enthroned"; also by Beste, "Church Hymns" (1849): "Hail, thou mighty Queen of Heaven". The version in the Marquess of Bute's "Breviary" (Edinburgh, 1879, I, 177) begins: "Hail, O Maris Queen of Heaven". Schlosser [Die Kirche in lhren Liedern (Freiburg, 1863), I, 251] gives a translation into German in the same rnetre. The plain-song melody in the 6th tone has also a simpler setting ["Manuale Missae et Officiorum" (Rome and Tournai, 1903), 100, 103].
H.T. HENRY
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Averbode

From volume 16 of the work.
A Premonstratensian abbey belonging to the circary of Brabant and situated near Diest in the Archdiocese of Malines. It was founded about 1132 by Count Arnold of Losen and continued without interruption till the general suppression of the Belgian monasteries in 1796. The abbey was restored in 1834, and comprises at present 82 priests, 20 clerics and novices, and 36 lay brothers. Of these, 27 priests and 21 lay brothers are labouring among the Indians in Brazil, where, at the request of Leo XIII, they established a missionary monastery at Pirapora in the Diocese of São Paulo, in 1896, and a college at Jaguarao in the Diocese of Sao Pedro do Rio Grande do Sul in 1901. Recently two priests and three lay brothers from Averbode opened a mission house at Veile in Denmark.
HUGO, S. ordinis Premonstratensis annales, I (Nancy, 1734-6), 210-223; Catalogus generalis ordinis Praem. (Prague, 1900).
MICHAEL OTT
# Bucking the Tiger

[New York: Robert J. Shores, 1917.] A group of down-and-outers form a suicide pact. Complications arise when the suicide-nominee (who's been paid by the others to live it up for a year) finds an unexpected turn in his fortunes. Will he welsh on the deal? How?
BUCKING THE TIGER
BUCKING THE TIGER
BY ACHMED ABDULLAH Author of "The Red Stain," etc.
NEW YORK ROBERT J. SHORES 1917
Copyright, 1917, by ROBERT J. SHORES, Publishers New York

### CONTENTS

* I. Broke 9
* II. "Seven Men from All the World" 24
* III. The Plan 47
* IV. The Turn of a Card 63
* V. Mac's Jackpot 79
* VI. All In 104
* VII. The Midas Touch 120
* VIII. Mac Hires an Office 138
* IX. The Deputation 160
* X. The Booming of the Western Crown 181
* XI. An Option 198
* XII. Emily Steeves 219
* XIII. A Gleam of Light 241
* XIV. Wastrals, Regenerate 257
* XV. Andy's Coup 275
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1945, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 78 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Oettingen

From volume 11 of the work.
(ALTÖTTING, OETINGA)
Oettingen, during the Carlovingian period a royal palace near the confluence of the Isen and the Inn in Upper Bavaria, near which King Karlmann erected a Benedictine monastery in 876 with Werinolf as first abbot, and also built the abbey church in honour of the Apostle St. Philip. In 907 King. Louis the Child, gave the abbey in commendam to Bishop Burchard of Passau (903-915), probably identical with Burchard, second and last abbot. In 910 the Hungarians ransacked and burnt the church and abbey. In 1228 Duke Louis I of Bavaria rebuilt them and put them in charge of twelve Augustinian Canons and a provost. The Augustinians remained until the secularization of the Bavarian monasteries in 1803. Under their care was also the Liebfrauen-Kapelle with its miraculous image of Our Lady, dating from the end of the thirteenth or the beginning of the fourteenth century. The pilgrims became so numerous that to aid the Augustinian Canons the Jesuits erected a house in 1591 and remained until the suppression of their order in 1773. Franciscans settled there from 1653 to 1803; from 1803 to 1844 the Capuchins and some secular priests, from 1844 to 1873 the Redemptorists had charge, and since 1872 the Capuchins. About 300,000 pilgrims come annually. Since the middle of the seventeenth century the hearts of the deceased Bavarian princes are preserved in the Liebfrauen-Kapelle.
MAIER, Gedenkblätter und Culturbilder aus der Geschichte von Altöting (Augsburg, 1885); KRAUTHAHN, Geschichte der uralten Wallfahrt in Altötting (9th ed., Altötting, 1893).
MICHAEL OTT.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Offa

From volume 11 of the work.
Offa, King of Mercia, died 29 July, 796. He was one of the leading figures of Saxon history, as appears from the real facts stripped of all legend. He obtained the throne of Mercia in 757, after the murder of his cousin, King Æthelbald, by Beornraed. After spending fourteen years in consolidating and ordering his territories he engaged in conquests which made him the most powerful king in England. After a successful campaign against the Hestingi, he defeated the men of Kent at Otford (775); the West Saxons at Bensington in Oxfordshire (779); and finally the Welsh, depriving the last-named of a large part of Powys, including the town of Pengwern. To repress the raids of the Welsh he built Offa's dyke, roughly indicating for the first time what has remained the boundary between England and Wales. Offa was now supreme south of the Humber, with the result that England was divided into three political divisions, Northumbria, Mercia, and Wessex. His next step was to complete the independence of Mercia by inducing the pope to erect a Mercian archbishopric, so as to free Mercia from the jurisdiction of the Archbishop of Canterbury. Hadrian I sent two legates, George and Theophylactus, to England to arrange for the transfer of five suffragan sees of Canterbury (viz. Worcester, Leicester, Lindsay, Elmham, and Dunwich) to the new Archbishopric of Lichfield, of which Higbert was first archbishop. This was effected at the Synod of Celchyth (787), at which Offa granted the pope a yearly sum equal to one mancus a day for the relief of the poor and for lights to be kept burning before St. Peter's tomb. At the same time he associated his son Ecgferth with him in the kingship. He preserved friendly relations with Charlemagne, who undertook to protect the English pilgrims and merchants who passed through his territories. Many charters granting lands to various monasteries are extant, and, though some are forgeries, enough are genuine documents to show that he was a liberal benefactor to the Church. The laws of Offa are not extant, but were embodied by Alfred in his later code. The chief stain on his character is the execution of Æthelbert, King of the East Angles. In all other respects he showed himself a great Christian king and an able and enlightened ruler.
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, which misdates his death by two years; most of the chief medieval historians, WILLIAM OF MALMESBURY, MATTHEW PARIS etc., and later standard works, LINGARD etc.; MACKENZIE, Essay on the life and institutions of Offa (London, 1840); THORPE, Ancient Laws and Institutes (London, 1840); KEMBLE, Codex Diplomaticus œvi Saxonici (London, 1839-48); JAFFÉ, Bibl. rerum Germanarum, IV: Monumenta Carolina (Berlin, 1864-73); HADDAN AND STUBBS, Councils and Ecclesiastical Documents, III and V (Oxford, 1869-1878); GREEN, Making of England (London, 1885); BIRCH, Cartularium Saxonicum (London, 1885-93); SEARLE, Anglo-Saxon Bishops, Kings, and Nobles (Cambridge, 1899); HUGHES, On Offa's Dyke in Archœologia (1893), III, 465 sqq.
EDWIN BURTON.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Ointment in Scripture

From volume 11 of the work.
That the use of oily, fragrant materials to anoint the body is a custom going back to remote antiquity is evidenced by the Old Testament as well as other early literatures. Likewise the ceremonial and sacred use of oil and ointment was of early origin among the Hebrews, and, of course, was much elaborated in the prescriptions of the later ritual. The particularly rich unguent known as the "holy oil of unction" is frequently referred to in the "priestly" sections of the Pentateuch and in Paralipomenon. Its composition is minutely prescribed in Exodus, xxx, 23, 24. Besides the regular basis of olive oil, the other ingredients mentioned are chosen myrrh, cinnamon, calamus, and cassia, all of which are to be used in stated quantities. The making or the use of this holy oil by unauthorized persons was prohibited under pain of sacrilege. In many of the references to ointment in Scripture perfumed oil is meant, and it may have in some cases consisted of oil only. Oil and ointment however, are distinguished in Luke vii, 46: "My head with oil thou didst not anoint; but she with ointment hath anointed my feet." Identical or similar preparations, in which myrrh was an important ingredient, were used in anointing the dead body as well as the living subject (Luke, xxiii, 56). Ointment of spikenard, a very costly unguent, is mentioned in Mark, xiv, 3, "an alabaster box of ointment of precious spikenard" (cf. John, xii, 3). So prized were these unguents that they were kept in pots of alabaster, and among the Egyptians they were said to retain their fragrance even for centuries. For the oil spoken of by St. James, v, 14, see Extreme Unction.
Wilkinson, Manners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians,, I (Boston, 1883), 426; Lesetre in Vigouroux, Dict. de la Bible, s.v. Onction.
James F. Driscoll.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Odorico Raynaldi

From volume 12 of the work.
Oratorian, b. at Treviso in 1595; d. at Rome, 22 January, 1671. Of patrician birth, he studied at Parma and Padua, joined the Oratorians in Rome, and, distinguished for his piety, beneficence, and scholarship, was twice elected superior general of his congregation. He was entrusted with the continuation of the annals of Baronius and, after the publication of the first volume, was offered the direction of the Vatican library by Innocent X, which honour he declined. His continuation of Baronius extends from 1198 to 1565 and was published at Rome, 1646-77. He was the ablest continuator of the great historian. Although his work is marred here and there by inaccurate chronological data and lack of criticism, the numerous original documents which it reproduces render it very valuable. Raynaldi also published excerpts in Latin and Italian both from the work of Baronius and his own continuation of it.
MANSI in Baronius-Theiner, pp. iii-viii; Annales Eccles., XX (Bar-le-Duc, 1870), 3-8.
N. A. WEBER
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Diocese of Pelotas

From volume 11 of the work.
(PELOTASENSIS)
Located in Brazil, suffragan to Porto Alegre. By a decree of Pius X, dated 15 Aug., 1910, the See of São Pedro do Rio Grande was erected into an archbishopric under the title of Porto Alegre (q. v.) and given four suffragans, three of which were detached from the old diocese. One of these, Pelotas, was formed from twenty-four parishes in the south-eastern portion of Rio Grande do Sul. It includes most of the territory lying near the Lagõa Mirí, and the lower half of the Lagõa dos Patõs. The cathedral church of the new diocese dedicated to St. Francis of Paula, is at Pelotas, a well-constructed, handsome city, situated on the São Gonçalo. Pelotas, a centre of commercial activity, especially in the cattle trade, contains about 25,000 inhabitants, and has a Jesuit college. Rio Grande, its seaport, twenty-six miles to the south-east, has about 20,000 inhabitants. The other chief centres of population are at Bagé, São Lourenço, São José do Norte, and Boqueirão. The population is almost entirely Catholic.
GALANTI, Compendio de historia do Brazil, III, IV (São Paulo, 1902-05).
A. A. MacErlean.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Diocese of Pescia

From volume 11 of the work.
(PISCIENSIS)
Diocese in Tuscany, Italy, on the Rivers Pescia Maggiore and Pescia Minore, situated in a fertile plain; its textile industry is considerable. The cathedral is very ancient, but was restored by Ferri in 1663; it contains beautiful paintings by Gabbaini and the mausoleum of Baldassare Tunini. Other churches are S. Michele and S. Stefano, anterior to the twelfth century, and S. Francesco, which dates from 1211. The earliest mention of Pescia is of the eighth century; later it belonged to the Republic of Lucca until the fourteenth century, when it was conquered by the Florentines, who defended it effectively in 1430 against Francesco Sforza. In 1554 Pietro Strozzi, an exile from Florence, became master of Pescia, but he was compelled to surrender to Duke Cosimo de' Medici. Pescia is the home of the Ammannati family, and of the painter Mariano da Pescia. In 1519 Leo X withdrew it from the jurisdiction of Lucca, raising it to the dignity of a prelacy nullius; and in 1726 it was made a diocese, suffragan of Pisa. Its first bishop was Bartolommeo Pucci (1728); among his successors should be mentioned Francesco Vicenti (1773-1801), who in 1784 founded the seminary. The diocese has 36 parishes, with 70,504 inhabitants; 5 religious houses of men, and 10 of women; 2 educational institutions for male students, and 8 for girls; and 1 Catholic weekly publication.
CAPPELLETTI, Le Chiese d'Italia, XXI; PUCCINELLI, Storia di Pescia.
U. BENIGNI.