OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Allmendee

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Allmendee. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Allmendee, feminine (Alemannian), ‘common land,’ from Middle High German almende, feminine, ‘common’; on account of the Middle High German spelling almeinde and algemeine, the derivation from gemeine is probable (Old High German *alagimeinida). The derivation from an assumed Old High German alagimannida ‘community,’ must be rejected, as such a form could never have existed. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Allod

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Allod. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Allod, neuter, ‘allodial estate, freehold,’ first occurs in Modern High German, adopted from Middle Latin allodium, which is the latinised form for the Old German and OFranc. alôdis, Old High German al-ôd, ‘entire property or possession, free property’; compare Old Saxon ód, Anglo-Saxon eád, ‘estate, possession,’ Old High German ôtag, ‘wealthy.’ To this the Teutonic proper name Odoardo, Edward, is allied.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Alchimie

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Alchimie. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Alchimie, feminine ‘alchemy,’ from late Middle High German alchemie, feminine, which is derived from the equivalent Romance cognates — Italian alchimia, French alchimie — the origin of which from Arabic al-kimîâ and the earlier Greek χυμός, ‘juice,’ is undoubted. Al- as the Arabic article is still seen in Alfali, Alforan, Alfade, Alhambra, Alkohol, Algebra. See Alkoven.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Alfanzerei

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Alfanzerei. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Alfanzerei, feminine, ‘foolery,’ from Middle High German ale-vanz, masculine, ‘trick, roguery, deceit’; connected with Old High German giana-venzôn, ‘to mock’ (the al- of Middle High German as in albern?), also Firlefanz and Fant.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/niesen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/niesen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ niesen, vb., ‘to sneeze,’ from the equiv. MidHG. niesen, OHG. niosan, str. vb.; corresponding to Du. niezen, OIc. hnjósa (to which hnore, m., ‘sneezing,’ is allied), MidE. nêsin; also AS. fneôsan, MidE. fnêsen, equiv. to Du. fniezen, ‘to sneeze.’ The two Teut. roots hnus and fnus seem to have been orig. identical; with these are connected MidE. snêsen, E. to sneeze. The pre-Teut. root qnus, ksnus, may be onomatopoetic.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/nippen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/nippen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ nippen, vb., ModHG. only, from LG. and Du. nippen, ‘to sip’; in Henneb. and Bav. nepfen, nöpfen, with the HG. pf. Comp. further AS. nipele, E. nipple?.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/nirgend

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/nirgend | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ nirgend, nirgends, adv., ‘nowhere,’ from MidHG. niergen, niergent; see irgend.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/nu

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/nu | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ nu, adv., ‘well now, well,’ equiv. to nun.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/niemand

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/niemand | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ niemand, pron. with an excrescent final d (as in Mond), from nie and man, ‘nobody’; comp. MidHG. nieman, niemen, OHG. nioman, ‘nobody’; see nie and jemand.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/niemals

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/niemals | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ niemals, see nie and mal.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/nimmer

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/nimmer | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ nimmer, adv., ‘never, never again,’ from MidHG. niemer, nimmer, nimer (from nie mêr), ‘never (of present and future actions)’; comp. ModHG. nimmer in the sense of ‘no more, never again,’ for which nimmermehr is used in preference. From MidHG. niemêr, nimmêr, ‘never more.’ Both forms are derivatives of OHG. nio and mêr (like AS. nœ̂fre, E. never, from *nâmire); nimmermehr contains the second component twice. See nicht and nie.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/nisteln

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/nisteln | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ nisteln, nisten, vb., ‘to build a nest, nestle,’ from the equiv. MidHG. nistein, nisten, OHG. nisten; a verbal noun from Nest. Comp. AS. nistlian, E. to nestle, Du. nestelen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/nit

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/nit | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ nit, the same as nicht.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/noch

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/noch | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ noch (1.), adv., from the equiv. MidHG. nock, OHG. noh, ‘still’; corresponding to OSax. noh, Du. nog, Goth. nauk, ‘still’; a compound of nu, ‘now,’ and h, equiv. to Lat. que, Gr. τε, Sans. ca, ‘and also’; therefore the orig. meaning is probably ‘also now,’ or ‘even, just now’; comp. nun, and with regard to Goth. h-, equiv. to Lat. que, see noch (2).
noch (2.), conj., ‘nor,’ from MidHG. noch, OHG. noh, ‘nor, not even, and not even’; OHG. noh—nok, MidHG. noch-, noch, ‘neither—nor,’ also even in MidHG. wëder—noch. Corresponding to OSax. noh, Du. noch; in Goth. nih, ‘nor, not even,’ Goth. nih—nih, ‘neither—nor.’ Goth. nih is exactly equiv. to Lat. ne-que (with regard to Goth. ni, Lat. ne, see nicht). The particle -h, -uh, corresponding to Lat. que, Gr. τε, Sans. ca, ‘and,’ had a definite meaning in Goth.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Knebel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Knebel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Knebel, m., ‘branch, peg, moustache, knuckle,’ from MidHG. knębel, m., OHG. knębil, ‘crossbeam, girder, crossbar, cord, fetter, knuckle’; Du. knevel, m., ‘packing stick’; Scand. knefill, m., ‘stake, stick’; Goth. *knabils is wanting. Considering the relation of Goth. *nabala, m., ‘navel,’ to Gr. ὀμφαλός, we may assume for Goth. *knabils, a root gombh (gonbh) in the non-Teut. languages (comp. γόμφος, ‘plug, nail, wedge’; this word, however, is usually connected with the cognates of ModHG. Kamm). — It is still doubtful whether Knebel in Knebelbart ‘(twisted) moustache,’ first recorded in ModHG. and borrowed from LG. and Du., is of a different origin, i.e. connected with AS. cęnep, OFris. kenep, OIc. kanpr (Goth. *kanipa-), ‘moustache,’ MidDu. canefbeen, ‘cheek-bone.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Kneipe

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kneipe | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kneipe, f., ‘pincers, gripes,’ ModHG. only, of obscure origin; its cognate relation to kneipen can only be assumed, since an older connecting link between it and Kneipe, ‘tavern,’ is wanting; orig. Kneipe was a low tavern. Is it related to Du. knijp, f., ‘narrowness, embarrassment’? or rather Du. knijp, m., ‘bird-snare, brothel’?
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Knappsack

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Knappsack | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Knappsack, ‘knapsack,’ from Du. knap-zack, ‘saddlebag,’ whence probably also E. knapsack.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Knaster

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Knaster | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Knaster, m., ‘best tobacco,’ borrowed at the beginning of the 18th cent. from Du. knaster, kanaster, m., ‘canister tobacco,’ which comes from Span. canastro, ‘basket’ (comp. Lat. and Gr. canistrum, κάναστρον).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Knauser

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Knauser | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Knauser, m., ‘niggard,’ ModHG. only, probably from MidHG. knûȥ, ‘impudent, daring, haughty (towards the poor).’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Knan

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Knan | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Knan, Knän, m., ‘father,’ from MidHG. genanne, gnanne, from genamne, prop., ‘of the same name’ (for MidHG. ge- comp. gleich and Geselle), ‘namesake.’ Used even in MidHG. by sons addressing their father or grandfather.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Knappe

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Knappe | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Knappe, m., ‘squire, attendant,’ from MidHG. knappe, m., ‘youth, bachelor, servant, squire,’ OHG. chnappo, m.; in the rest of the OTeut. languages there are no cognates pointing to Goth. *knabba; two variants of the assumed *knabba are mentioned under Knabe, where the further etymological question is discussed. Comp. also Nabe with Nappe, Goth. laigân, ‘to lick,’ with AS. liccian.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Knecht

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Knecht | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Knecht, m., ‘servant,’ from MidHG. knëht, OHG. chnëht, m., ‘boy, youth, fellow, man, squire,’ often also ‘hero’; comp. AS. cniht, m., ‘boy, youth, man capable of bearing arms, hero,’ E. knight; probably a West Teut. word, unknown to Goth. and Scand. (Dan. knegt and Swed. knekt are borrowed). The same variety of meanings in West Teut. words is found in Knabe and Knappe (comp. also AS. mago, ‘son, boy, man, champion,’ see too Kerl). However probable its close connection with Knabe and Knappe may be, yet it is not possible to define it strictly. Kneckt is more probably allied to the root ken, from Aryan gen (Lat. genus, γένος, Lat. gi-gn-o, γίγνομας), than Knabe, because a suffix -ëht exists in Teut.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Knall

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Knall | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Knall, m., ‘sharp report, explosion,’ ModHG. only; allied to MidHG. er-knëllen, ‘to resound.’ Comp. AS. cnyll, cnell, m., ‘signal given by a bell,’ E. knell.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Knauf

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Knauf | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Knauf, m., ‘button, pommel,’ from MidHG. knouf, m., ‘pommel (of a sword), pinnacle,’ also a dimin. knoufel, knöufel, m., OHG. *chnouf not recorded; Goth. *knaups is also indicated by Du. knoop, m., ‘button, knob.’ A Goth. graded form *knupps may likewise be inferred from the cognates discussed under Knopf, which see.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/drechseln

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/drechseln | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ drechseln, vb., ‘to turn (on a lathe),’ deriv. of MidHG. drëhsel, drœhsel, ‘turner,’ in Goth. *þrêhsils; drehen (root þré, tré) cannot be closely allied to drechseln; it must rather be connected with a root containing a guttural, þrêhs- or þrêh. Gr. τρέπομαι (with π for k), and Lat. torqueo (Gr. ἄπρακτος, ‘spindle,’ Lat. torcular, ‘oil-press’), point to a root trek, ‘to turn.’ The OHG. drâhsil, ‘turner,’ is probably the only remains of this root in Teut.; in MidHG. and also in UpG. and LG. dialects drehen (MidHG. drœjen, drœn) signifies ‘to turn (on a lathe).’ See drehen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/dreißig

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/dreißig | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ dreißig, see zig.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/drillen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/drillen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ drillen, vb., ‘to revolve, bore, drill,’ from MidHG. drillen, ‘to turn, make round’ (with the partic. gedrollen, ‘round’). The meaning ‘to bore’ comes from LG. drillen (see drehen, drechseln, for the connecting link between the meanings), akin to Du. drillen, E. to thrill, and also LG. drall (MidDu. drel), ‘round, turning,’ which is formed by gradation. The ​nates point to a Teut. root þrel, ‘to turn on a lathe). — drillen, ‘to plague’ or ‘to drill (recruits),’ may be derived from the first or the second meaning.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/drei

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/drei | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ drei, num., ‘three,’ from MidHG. and OHG. drî, which is prop. simply the nom. masc.; the rest of the old cases are obsolete in ModHG.; AS. þrî, þreó, E. three, Goth. þreis, from *þrijis. It corresponds to Aryan trejes, equiv. to Sans. tráyas, Gr. τρεῖς, from τρέγες, Lat. três, OSlov. trĭje. Drei, like the other units, is a primit. word. See Drillich, Dritte.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/dort

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/dort | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ dort, adv., ‘there, in that place,’ from the equiv. MidHG. dort, OHG. dorot, probably from darot; Goth. *þaraþa (formed like dalaþa), would be the corresponding adv. in answer to the question where? The OHG. has darôt, ‘thither’; derived from dar, da.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/drall

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/drall | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ drall, adj., ‘tight, twisted, stalwart, active,’ simply ModHG., akin to MidHG. drël, OIc. þearle, adv., ‘firmly, strongly, very’; from drillen?.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/draus

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​ draus, draußen, ‘outside, abroad,’ from daraus, daraußen; comp. MidHG. drabe, from dar abe; ModHG. dran, from daran, drin, from darin.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/drehen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/drehen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ drehen, vb., ‘to turn, whirl, wind,’ from MidHG. drœjen, drœn, ‘to turn, turn round,’ OHG. drâjan. The Goth. form may have been þ aian (comp. wehen, Goth. waian; säen, Goth. saian); comp. Du. draaijen, ‘to turn (on a lathe)’; AS. þrâwan (comp. sâwan, wâwan), and MidE. þrâwen, ‘to turn,’ are str. vbs., while the ModHG. verb is wk. even in OHG. The assumed Goth. form *þraian, ‘to turn,’ was undoubtedly conjugated strong (pret. *þaíþrô). þrê is the verbal stem common to Teut., from which a subst., Draht, meaning ‘twisted thread,’ was formed by adding a dental suffix. This subst. proves most clearly that the root of drehen did not end in a guttural, and that therefore ModHG. Drechsler, from OHG. drâhsil, cannot be allied to drehen. In ModE., to throw (‘to turn’), is obsolete. The root þrê is from pre-Teut. trê, ter; this appears in Gr., with the meaning ‘to bore,’ in numerous derivatives. ‘To bore’ is a specialisation of the meaning ‘to turn,’ πολύτρητος, ‘porous,’ τρῆμα, ‘hole,’ συντρῆσαι, τετραίνω, ‘to bore through,’ τερέω, ‘to bore, turn on a lathe’ (comp. MidHG. drœjen, ‘to turn on a lathe’), τόρνος, ‘turner's chisel,’ τέρετρον, Lat. terebra, ‘borer.’ Comp. also Darm.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/dreist

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/dreist | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ dreist, adj., ‘bold, audacious, self-confident,’ simply ModHG., from the equiv. LG. drîste (hence dreist is not found in the UpG. dialects); comp. OSax. thrîsti, Du. driest, AS. þrîste, ‘bold, daring.’ The similarity in the initial sound with Lat. tristis, ‘sad,’ is perhaps of no etymological value; as, however, a similar change of meaning is met with in the cognates of ModHG. tapfer, Lat. tristis and OSax. thrîsti may perhaps be derived from a common root. Otherwise it might well be connected with dringen, OSax. thrîsti, for thrîhsti, from þrinh-sti?.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/dreschen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/dreschen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ dreschen, vb., ‘to thresh,’ from the equiv. MidHG. drëschen, OHG. drëskan; corresponds to Du. dorschen, AS. þërscan (for þrescan), E. to thrash, thresh (comp. MidHG. dreschen, which also means ‘to torment’); Goth. þriskan. Threshing was practised in primit. Teut. times, as this common term testifies. The Teutons, even before they became settlers, and hence while they were still migrating, were acquainted with the most elementary methods of agriculture; comp. the various kinds of corn, and also Pflug, Egge, Brot, &c. The Teut. cognates found their way into Rom. , — Ital. trescare, ‘to trample, move the feet about, dance,’ OFr. tresche, ‘chain-dance’ From these the OTeut. method of threshing may be easily inferred. The flail (Dreschflegel) came from Italy through the medium of Rom. (see Flegel); for this a simpler term is found in OHG. driscil, MidHG. and ModHG. drischel. The meaning of the Teut. base tresk is probably ‘to stamp noisily, tread’; comp. Lith. trasketi, ‘to rattle, clatter,’ OSlov. trěskŭ, ‘crack,’ troska, ‘thunderclap.’ E. threshold is mostly connected with dreschen, OTeut. þrëskan, regarding it as the threshing-staff, or as the place at the entrance to the house where corn was threshed.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume IV/Origen/Origen Against Celsus/Book III/Chapter LX

Chapter LX.
And as we teach, moreover, that “wisdom will not enter into the soul of a base man, nor dwell in a body that is involved in sin,” we say, Whoever has clean hands, and therefore lifts up holy hands to God, and by reason of being occupied with elevated and heavenly things, can say, “The lifting up of my hands is as the evening sacrifice,” let him come to us; and whoever has a wise tongue through meditating on the law of the Lord day and night, and by “reason of habit has his senses exercised to discern between good and evil,” let him have no reluctance in coming to the strong and rational sustenance which is adapted to those who are athletes in piety and every virtue. And since the grace of God is with all those who love with a pure affection the teacher of the doctrines of immortality, whoever is pure not only from all defilement, but from what are regarded as lesser transgressions, let him be boldly initiated in the mysteries of Jesus, which properly are made known only to the holy and the pure. The initiated of Celsus accordingly says, “Let him whose soul is conscious of no evil come.”  But he who acts as initiator, according to the precepts of Jesus, will say to those who have been purified in heart, “He whose soul has, for a long time, been conscious of no evil, and especially since he yielded himself to the healing of the word, let such an one hear the doctrines which were spoken in private by Jesus to His genuine disciples.” Therefore in the comparison which he institutes between the procedure of the initiators into the Grecian mysteries, and the teachers of the doctrine of Jesus, he does not know the difference between inviting the wicked to be healed, and initiating those already purified into the sacred mysteries!
* ↑ Wisd. Solom. i. 4.
* ↑ Cf. Ps. cxli. 2.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume IV/Origen/Origen Against Celsus/Book III/Chapter LV

Chapter LV.
But as Celsus delights to heap up calumnies against us, and, in addition to those which he has already uttered, has added others, let us examine these also, and see whether it be the Christians or Celsus who have reason to be ashamed of what is said. He asserts, “We see, indeed, in private houses workers in wool and leather, and fullers, and persons of the most uninstructed and rustic character, not venturing to utter a word in the presence of their elders and wiser masters; but when they get hold of the children privately, and certain women as ignorant as themselves, they pour forth wonderful statements, to the effect that they ought not to give heed to their father and to their teachers, but should obey them; that the former are foolish and stupid, and neither know nor can perform anything that is really good, being preoccupied with empty trifles; that they alone know how men ought to live, and that, if the children obey them, they will both be happy themselves, and will make their home happy also. And while thus speaking, if they see one of the instructors of youth approaching, or one of the more intelligent class, or even the father himself, the more timid among them become afraid, while the more forward incite the children to throw off the yoke, whispering that in the presence of father and teachers they neither will nor can explain to them any good thing, seeing they turn away with aversion from the silliness and stupidity of such persons as being altogether corrupt, and far advanced in wickedness, and such as would inflict punishment upon them; but that if they wish (to avail themselves of their aid) they must leave their father and their instructors, and go with the women and their playfellows to the women’s apartments, or to the leather shop, or to the fuller’s shop, that they may attain to perfection;—and by words like these they gain them over.”