OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Sibson, Thomas

​SIBSON, THOMAS (1817–1844), artist, son of Francis and Jane Sibson, and younger brother of Francis Sibson, M.D. [q. v.], was born in the parish of Cross Canonby, Cumberland, in March 1817, and commenced life in the counting-house of an uncle at Manchester. But, resolving to devote himself to art, he came to London in 1838, and in that year published a pair of etchings, entitled ‘The Anatomy of Happiness;’ these were followed by a series of plates of scenes in Charles Dickens's works, the dramatic power and humour of which were as remarkable as their artistic skill, and he subsequently designed many of the illustrations to Samuel Carter Hall's ‘Book of Ballads,’ the Abbotsford edition of the Waverley novels, and other fine publications. Being eager to qualify himself for more serious work by studying in the best school of historical painting, Sibson went to Munich in September 1842 and placed himself under Kaulbach, who formed a very high opinion of his talents; but he was constitutionally consumptive, and was compelled by failing health to return home early in 1844. In the autumn he sailed for the Mediterranean, intending to winter in the south, but died at Malta on 28 Nov. 1844. An album containing ​the whole of the sketches and studies made by Sibson before his visit to Munich, which passed at his death into the possession of his friend, William Bell Scott [q. v.], was purchased at the sale of the latter's collections in 1890 by Mr W. J. Linton, and by him presented to the British Museum.
[Art Union, 1845, p. 37; Autobiography of W. B. Scott, 1892.]
F. M. O'D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Sibthorp, Christopher

​SIBTHORP, Sir CHRISTOPHER (d. 1632), pamphleteer, was born in England. He was made third justice of the King's bench in Ireland on 11 May 1607, and was knighted on 3 May 1618. He held office until his death late in 1632.
Sibthorp was author of:
* 'A Friendly Advertisement to the Pretended Catholickes of Ireland: Declaring for their satisfaction that both the King's Supremacies, and the Faith whereof his Majestie is the Defender, are consonant to the doctrine delivered in the holy Scriptures and writings of the ancient Fathers.' There was appended an epistle to like effect, written to the author by James Ussher (1580–1656) [q. v.], Dublin, 1622, 4to.
* 'A Reply to an Answer which Adversary made to two chapters ​contained in the first part of that book which is entitled a Friendly Advertisement to the Pretended Catholickes of Ireland,' Dublin, 1625, 4to.
* 'A Surreplication to the Rejoinder of a Popish Adversary,' Dublin, 1627, 4to.
[Ware's Writers of Ireland, ed. Harris, p. 336; Lowndes's Bibliographer's Manual, ed. Bohn, p. 2393; Haydn's Book of Dignities, p. 679; Morrin's Cal. Patent Rolls, Ireland, Charles I, pp. 6, 200. 653; Metcalfe's Book of Knights, p. 213: Lascelles's Liber Munerum Hibernæ, ii. 33; Cal. State Papers, Irish, 1606-1623. passim; Cal. Carew MSS.]
E. I. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jackson, Richard (1700-1782?)

​JACKSON, RICHARD (1700–1782?), founder of the Jacksonian professorship at Cambridge, born in 1700, was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, graduated B.A. in 1727, M.A. in 1731, and became fellow of the college. On 13 Nov. 1739 he was incorporated M.A. at Oxford (Foster, Alumni Oxon. p. 736). By 1775 he was residing at Tarrington in Herefordshire. He died apparently in 1782, and was buried with his wife at Kingsbury, Warwickshire. He married Katherine (d. 1762), second daughter of Waldyve Willington of Hurley in Kingsbury, but had no issue (Burke, Landed Gentry, 1868, p. 1671). By his will (registered in P. C. C. 135, Cornwallis) he bequeathed to Trinity College a freehold estate at Upper Longsdon in Leek, Staffordshire, for founding a professorship of natural experimental philosophy. His bequest took effect in 1783, when Isaac Milner was appointed the first professor. Jackson also gave his library to Trinity College.
[Authorities cited.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jackson, Robert Edmund

​JACKSON, afterwards SCORESBY-JACKSON, ROBERT EDMUND (1835–1867), biographer and medical writer, was a son of Captain Thomas Jackson of the merchant navy, of Whitby, by Arabella, third and youngest daughter of William Scoresby the elder, and sister of William Scoresby, D.D. [q. v.], the well-known arctic explorer and divine. He was born at Whitby in 1835. Jackson was educated for the medical profession at St. George's Hospital, London, at Paris, and afterwards at Edinburgh, where he devoted himself especially to the study of materia medica under Professor (afterwards Sir) Robert Christison. He took the degree of M.D. in 1857, writing a thesis on ‘Climate, Health, and Disease,’ a subject on which he afterwards became an authority. In 1859 he became F.R.C.S., in 1861 F.R.S.E., and in 1862 F.R.C.P. He was lecturer upon materia medica and therapeutics in Surgeons' Hall, Edinburgh, and in 1865 was appointed physician to the Royal Infirmary, and soon afterwards lecturer on clinical medicine. On the death of his uncle, William Scoresby, he assumed the additional name of Scoresby. For some time he was chairman of the medical department of the Scottish Meteorological Society. Scoresby-Jackson died at 32 Queen Street, Edinburgh, on 1 Feb. 1867. He married in 1858 the only child of Sir William Johnston of Kirkhill, and by her had two daughters, who survived him. He published, besides occasional papers: 1. ‘A Life of William Scoresby, D.D.,’ London, 1861, 8vo. 2. ‘Medical Climatology: a Topographical and Meteorological Description of Localities resorted to in Winter and Summer by Invalids,’ London, 1862, 12mo; a work based upon the results of personal visits to the chief continental and Mediterranean health resorts between 1855 and 1861. 3. ‘A Note-Book on Materia Medica, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics,’ 1866, a fourth edition of which, revised by F. W. Moinet, M.D., appeared at Edinburgh, 1880.
[Scotsman, 2 Feb. 1867; Edinburgh Medical Journal, March 1867; Lancet, 9 Feb. 1867; British Medical Journal, 9 Feb. 1867; Athenæum, 16 Feb. 1867; Life of William Scoresby; prefaces to his works.]
J. T-t.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jackson, Richard (1623-1690?)

​JACKSON or KUERDEN, RICHARD (1623–1690?), antiquary, son of Gilbert Jackson and his wife Ann Leyland, was born at Cuerden, near Preston, Lancashire, in 1623. He received his early education at Leyland, Lancashire, under Mr. Sherburn, and was admitted a commoner of St. Mary Hall, Oxford, in 1638. On the outbreak of the war he removed to Emmanuel College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1642. In 1646 he returned to Oxford, graduated M.A. 22 March, and was elected vice-principal of St. Mary Hall and tutor. He was a staunch royalist, and declined the office of proctor of the university rather than submit to the parliamentary government. He then began the study of medicine, and in 1652 was appointed ‘replicant to all inceptors of physic,’ which office qualified him for the degree of M.D. After paying the fees he, however, again declined to take the required oath, and it was not until after the Restoration that he was made M.D. (26 March 1663). At that time he was settled at Preston as a physician. He appears as a freeman of the borough on the Guild Merchant Rolls of 1662 and 1682. According to Wood he neglected his practice, and devoted himself to the study of antiquities. In conjunction with Christopher Townley of Carr Hall he contemplated the publication of a complete history of Lancashire, but the project was frustrated by Townley's death in 1674. Jackson afterwards issued proposals for publishing his work under the title of ‘Brigantia Lancastriensis Restaurata; or History of the Honourable Dukedom or County Palatine of Lancaster, in 5 vols. in folio,’ 1688. No further progress was made, and the manuscripts, in a crabbed and almost illegible hand, and consisting of crude materials without arrangement, are now preserved in the Heralds' College (8 vols.), the Chetham Library, Manchester (2 vols.), and the British Museum (1 vol.). A fragmentary but valuable itinerary of some parts of Lancashire from his pen is given in Earwaker's ‘Local Gleanings,’ 1876. He was a friend of Sir William Dugdale, and acted as his deputy and marshal at a visitation held at Lancaster. It is supposed that he died between 1690 and 1695.
[Wood's Fasti Oxon. (Bliss), ii. 94, 275; Whitaker's Hist. of Manchester, 1775, 4to, ii. 587; Dugdale's Visitation of Lanc. (Chetham Soc.), p. 168; Earwaker's Local Gleanings, vol. i.; Baines's Lancashire (Harland), i. 326; Ralph Thoresby's Diary, i. 388.]
C. W. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jackson, Richard (fl.1570)

​JACKSON, RICHARD (fl. 1570), ballad-writer, matriculated from Clare Hall, Cambridge, 25 Oct. 1567, proceeded B.A. 1570, and was shortly afterwards appointed master of Ingleton school, in the West Riding of Yorkshire. The authorship of the well-known ballad on the battle of Flodden Field, supposed to have been written about 1570, has been generally ascribed to him, either on the ground of vague tradition or from the fact that Ingleton borders on the Craven district, in the dialect of which the poem is written. Apart from its historical interest the ballad is valuable as a spirited example of early alliterative poetry. We gather from the opening lines that the author was no novice at ballad-writing, while the partiality constantly shown for the house of Stanley and the Lancastrian forces seems to indicate some connection between the author and the Stanley family.
The earliest existing manuscript of the ballad is in Harl. MS. 3526, with a long title commencing ‘Heare is the famous historie in songe called Floodan Field;’ it bears no date, but was probably written about 1636. The first printed edition was published under the title of ‘Floddan Field in nine Fits, being an exact History of that Famous Memorable Battle fought between the English and Scots on Floddan-Hill, in the time of Henry the Eight, Anno 1513. Worthy of the Perusal of the English Nobility,’ London, 12mo, 1664. In the copy of this edition at Bridgewater House there is a manuscript note by Sir Walter Scott to the effect that ‘this old copy is ​probably unique,’ but there are copies in the British Museum, the Huth Library, and elsewhere. Another edition (n. d.) was printed by Thomas Gent [q. v.] about 1756, and this version is of special interest as having been taken from a different source, a manuscript in the possession of John Askew of Pallingsburn, Northumberland. A third edition was printed by Robert Lambe, vicar of Norham-upon-Tweed, Berwick, 1773 (reprinted without alteration in ‘Ancient Historic Ballads,’ Newcastle, 1807), and a fourth by Joseph Benson, ‘philomath,’ 1774. Two valuable critical editions were subsequently published, one by Henry Weber, Edinburgh, 1808, and the other by Charles A. Federer, Manchester, 1884.
[Cooper's Athenæ Cantabr. ii. 118; Whitaker's Craven, ed. Morant, p. 326; Collier's Bibl. Account, i. 290; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Weber's and Federer's editions of Flodden Field; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
T. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jackson, Samuel

​JACKSON, SAMUEL (1794–1869), landscape-painter, was born 31 Dec. 1794 at Bristol, where his father was a merchant. He began life in his father's office, but on his death abandoned business in favour of landscape-painting, and became a pupil of Francis Danby [q. v.], who was then residing in Bristol. In 1823 he was elected an associate of the Society of Painters in Water-colours, and during the next twenty-six years contributed forty-six drawings to its exhibitions. All these, with the exception of a few West Indian views, the result of a voyage taken in 1827 for the benefit of his health, illustrated English scenery, which he treated in a pleasing and poetical manner, somewhat resembling that of the two Barrets. In 1833 Jackson was one of the founders of a sketching society at Bristol, to which W. J. Müller, J. Skinner Prout, and other artists who later ​achieved eminence belonged, and he was always closely identified with the Bristol ‘school.’ In 1848 he withdrew from the Water-colour Society, having failed to obtain election to full membership. In 1855 and 1856 Jackson made tours in Switzerland, after which he painted, almost exclusively, Swiss views in oils, which were sent to the Bristol annual exhibition and sold well. Two drawings by him are in the South Kensington Museum. Jackson died at Clifton, 8 Dec. 1869. By his marriage with Jane Phillips he had a son, Samuel Phillips Jackson, member of the Royal Society of Painters in Water-colours, and three daughters.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Roget's Hist. of the Old Water-colour Society, 1891; information from the family.]
F. M. O'D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jackson, Richard (d.1787)

​JACKSON, RICHARD (d. 1787), politician, was son of Richard Jackson of Dublin. He was entered at Lincoln's Inn as a student in 1740, and called to the bar in 1744. On 22 Nov. 1751 he was admitted ad eundem at the Inner Temple, became a bencher in 1770, reader in 1779, and treasurer in 1780. He was created standing counsel to the South Sea Company in 1764, was one of the counsel for Cambridge University, and held the post of law-officer to the board of trade. He was elected F.S.A. in 1781, and was a governor of the Society for Propagation of the Gospel. On a chance vacancy (1 Dec. 1762) he was returned to parliament for the conjoint borough of Weymouth and Melcombe Regis, and from 1768 to 1784 he sat for the Cinque port of ​New Romney. Lord Edmund Fitzmaurice calls him ‘the private secretary of George Grenville’ in 1765, and writes that in that year he warned the House of Commons against applying the Stamp Act to the American colonies. In after-years Jackson was known as the intimate friend of Lord Shelburne. When Shelburne formed his ministry in July 1782, Jackson was made a lord of the treasury, and he held that office until the following April. He died at Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, on 6 May 1787, when a considerable fortune came to his two sisters. From his extraordinary stores of knowledge he was known as ‘Omniscient Jackson,’ but Johnson, in speaking of him, altered the adjective to ‘all-knowing,’ on the ground that the former word was ‘appropriated to the Supreme Being.’ When Thrale meditated a journey in Italy he was advised by Johnson to consult Jackson, who afterwards returned the compliment by remarking of the ‘Journey to the Western Islands’ that ‘there was more good sense upon trade in it than he should hear in the House of Commons in a year, except from Burke.’ He is introduced into ‘The old Benchers of the Inner Temple’ in Lamb's ‘Essays of Elia.’
[Boswell, ed. Hill, iii. 19, 137; Fitzmaurice's Life of Lord Shelburne, i. 321–2; W. H. Cooke's Inner Temple Benchers, p. 80; Lamb's Elia, ed. Ainger, p. 127; Gent. Mag. 1764 p. 603, 1787 pt. i. p. 454; Cooper's Annals of Cambridge, iv. 390; Nichols's Lit. Anecd. viii. 466.]
W. P. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jackson, Thomas (1812-1886)

​JACKSON, THOMAS (1812–1886), divine, son of Thomas Jackson [q. v.], Wesleyan minister, was born in 1812. He was educated at St. Saviour's school, Southwark, and St. Mary Hall, Oxford, where he graduated B.A. 27 Nov. 1834, M.A. 23 Nov. 1837. While an undergraduate he was the author of a jeu d'esprit, entitled ‘Uniomachia,’ in which John Sinclair, afterwards archdeacon of Middlesex, had a hand; it was printed at Oxford about 1833, with annotations by Robert Scott, afterwards dean of Rochester, and went through five editions. After holding a curacy at Brompton he became vicar of St. Peter's, Stepney. In 1844 he was chosen principal of the National Society's training college at Battersea, and in 1850 prebendary of Wedland in St. Paul's ​Cathedral. In 1850 also he was nominated to the bishopric of the projected see of Lyttelton, New Zealand, and accordingly went out to that colony. Difficulties, however, arose about the constitution of the new diocese, and he was never consecrated. His attitude was vindicated by Blomfield, always his firm friend, and Archbishop Sumner. Blomfield presented him in 1852 to the rectory of Stoke Newington. Here he rebuilt the parish church from the designs of Sir Gilbert Scott. He took great interest in the question of education, for some time editing the ‘English Journal of Education.’ Owing to ill-health Jackson made arrangements to vacate his living in June 1886, but died previously on 18 March. A mural monument was put up to his memory in Stoke Newington Church. He was married and left issue.
He published, besides single sermons and addresses (1843–56):
* ‘A Compendium of Logic … with … Notes,’ &c., 1836, 12mo (an edition of Aldrich).
* ‘Sermons,’ &c., 1859, 8vo; 1863, 8vo.
* ‘Our Dumb Companions,’ &c., 2nd edition [1864], 4to; new edition [1869], 4to.
* ‘Curiosities of the Pulpit,’ &c. [1868], 8vo; with new title, ‘Reminiscences and Anecdotes of Celebrated Preachers,’ &c. [1875], 8vo.
* ‘The Narrative of the Fire of London, freely handled on the principles of Modern Rationalism, by P. Maritzburg,’ &c., 1869, 8vo (reprinted from ‘Good Words’).
* ‘Our Dumb Neighbours,’ &c. [1870], 4to.
* ‘Our Feathered Companions,’ &c. [1870], 8vo.
* ‘Stories about Animals,’ &c. [1874], 4to.
[Times, 20 March 1886, p. 7; Cat. of Oxford Graduates, 1851, p. 358; Crockford's Clerical Directory, 1885.]
A. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Saltonstall, Charles

​SALTONSTALL, CHARLES (fl. 1642), sea-captain, was probably son of Sir Samuel Saltonstall (d. 1640), and brother of Wye Saltonstall [q. v.], who dedicated to him his ‘Picturæ Loquentes’ in 1631. Charles was the author of ‘The Navigator, shewing and explaining all the Chiefe Principles and Parts both Theorick and Practick that are contained in the famous Art of Navigation …’ (sm. 4to, 1642). The work is extremely rare, and in the British Museum there is only an imperfect copy of the third edition (sm. 4to, 1660?). In the dedication to Thomas, earl of Arundel and Surrey, he describes himself as a stranger to the land and his kinsfolk, many long voyages having banished him from the remembrance of both; and in the body of the work he speaks incidentally of having sailed with the Hollanders. As a treatise on navigation, the little book has considerable merit; it strongly condemns the ‘plaine charts’ then in use; urges the use of the so-called Mercator's charts, the invention of which he correctly attributes to Edward Wright [q. v.], and discusses at some length the principle of great circle-sailing. He may be identical with the Charles Saltonstall who in 1640–1 wrote from Boston in Lincolnshire, condemning the inefficiency of Sir An​thony Thomas in connection with the draining of the fens and the works on the north-east side of the river Witham (Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1640, p. 102, 1 Feb. 1640–1), or with the Captain Charles Saltonstall who in January 1652 commanded the ship John in the state's service (ib. 6 Jan. 1652). A portrait of Saltonstall, engraved by W. Marshall, is prefixed to the ‘Art of Navigation.’
J. K. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Saltwood, Robert

​SALTWOOD, ROBERT (fl. 1540), monk of St. Augustine's, Canterbury, paid for the printing of Hugh of Caumpeden's translation of the French history of King Boccus and Sydracke, by Thomas Godfray in London, about 1530 (cf. Ames, ed. Herbert, p. 319; ed. Dibdin, iii. 65). Saltwood wrote ‘A comparyson betwene iiij byrdes, the lark, the nyghtyngale, the thrushe, and the cucko, for theyr syngynge, who should be chantoure of the quere,’ in seven-line stanzas, printed at Canterbury by John Mychel about 1550. Only one copy is known to be extant (cf. Ames, ed. Herbert, p. 1815; Hazlitt, Handbook, p. 532). Saltwood was keeper of the chapel of the Virgin Mary at Canterbury when on 4 Dec. 1539 he signed the surrender. His name is not in the list of pensioners (Hasted, Kent, iv. 658).
M. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Salter, Thomas Frederick

​SALTER, THOMAS FREDERICK (fl. 1814–1826), writer on angling, carried on business as a hatter at 47 Charing Cross, London. When a child of twelve he constantly accompanied his father on fishing expeditions, and until the age of fifty-two he used to fish wherever possible in the vicinity of London, remaining at favourite stations for weeks together. When, owing to declining health, he retired from business, he lived for a long time at Clapton Place, and put into writing his observations on angling. He called himself ‘gent.’ in the title of his first book, ‘The Angler's Guide, or Complete London Angler in the Thames, Lea, and other Waters twenty miles round London’ (1814), and dedicated it to the Duchess of York. He added a weather table, in which he assigns meteorological changes to the influence of the moon. A ninth edition was published in 1841. This is still one of the soundest and most practical treatises on the art of angling. A few copies of the sixth edition were printed on large paper with proof impressions of the plates. Salter also published: ‘The Angler's Guide Abridged,’ 1816, which passed through nine editions, and ‘The Troller's Guide,’ 1820 (3rd edit. 1841); this was also appended to the fifth edition of the ‘Angler's Guide.’
M. G. W.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Saltonstall, Richard (1521?-1601)

​SALTONSTALL, Sir RICHARD (1521?–1601), lord mayor of London, second son of Gilbert Saltonstall of Halifax, was born about 1521. He came to London in early life, and became a member of the Skinners' Company, of which he was master in 1589, 1593, 1595, and 1599. He was elected alderman of Aldgate ward 26 Sept. 1587 (City Records, Rep. 21, f. 594), and removed 28 Feb. 1592 to Tower ward, which he represented till his death (ib. Rep. 22, f. 355* b). In 1586 he was one of the city parliamentary representatives, and became sheriff in 1588 and lord mayor in 1597, being knighted during his mayoralty, 30 April 1598. Saltonstall rose to a position of great affluence as a London merchant, and was engaged in numerous financial transactions with the government, both individually and on behalf of the Merchant Adventurers' Company, of which he was the governor (State Papers, Spanish, 1568–79 p. 592, Dom. 1581–90 p. 386). In his official capacity he was frequently abroad at Hamburg, Stade, Emden, and other places (ib. passim), and was a member of various commissions to settle commercial disputes or examine state offenders. He was collector of customs for the port of London, in which office he was assisted as deputy by his son Samuel (ib. Dom. 1598–1601 pp. 138, 507, 1603–10 p. 345).
Saltonstall ‘and his children’ were also among the adventurers of the East India Company in their first voyage, 22 Sept. 1599 (Stevens, Court Records of the East India Company, p. 3). He died on 17 March 1601, and was buried in the parish church of South Okendon, Essex, where he held the manor of Groves and presented to the living in 1590. He also held the manor of Ledsham in Yorkshire, and many other country estates. By his will, dated 1597, and proved in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury on 19 May 1601 (Goodhall 32), he left one hundred pounds for provision of money and bread to the poor of the parish of Halifax, and bequests to the city hospitals. The terms of the will were, however, disputed by his sons (State Papers, Dom. 1603–10, p. 345), and by Abigail Baker, alias Saltonstall, a natural daughter (P.C.C. Montague 51). An apocryphal print of Saltonstall was published by W. Richardson in 1794.
He married Susan, only daughter of Thomas Pointz of North Okendon, and sister of Sir Gabriel Pointz. His married life extended over fifty years. He had seven sons and nine daughters, one of whom, Hester, married Sir Thomas Myddelton (1550–1631) [q. v.], lord mayor in 1613–1614; three of his sons—viz. Samuel, Peter, and Richard—were knighted. Through his son Sir Richard, Saltonstall was ancestor of the Norths, earls of Guilford.
C. W-h.