OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Zoonomia/II.II.III.I

ORDO III.
Retrograde Sensitive Motions.
GENUS I.
Of Excretory Ducts.
The retrograde action of the œsophagus in ruminating animals, when they bring up the food from their first stomach for the purpose of a second mastication of it, may probably be caused by agreeable sensation; similar to that which induces them to swallow it both before and after this second mastication; and then this retrograde action, properly belongs to this place, and is erroneously put at the head of the order of irritative retrograde motions. Class I. 3. 1. 1.
SPECIES.
1. Ureterum motus retrogressus. When a stone has advanced into the ureter from the pelvis of the kidney, it is sometimes liable to be returned by the retrograde motion of that canal, and the patient obtains fallacious ease, till the stone is again pushed into the ureter.
2. Urethræ motus retrogressus. There have been instances of bougies being carried up the urethra into the bladder most probably by an inverted motion of this canal; for which some have undergone an operation similar to that for the extraction of a stone. A case is related in some medical publication, in which a catgut bougie was carried into the bladder, and after remaining many weeks, was voided piece-meal in a semi-dissolved state. Another case is related of a French officer, who used a leaden bougie; which at length found its way into the bladder, and was, by injecting crude mercury, amalgamated and voided.
In the same manner the infection from a simple gonorrhœa is probably carried further along the course of the urethra; and small stones frequently descend some way into the urethra, and are again carried up into the bladder by the inverted action of this canal.
3. Ductus choledochi motus retrogressus. The concretions of bile, called gall-stones, frequently enter the bile-duct, and give violent pain for some hours; and return again into the gall-bladder, by the retrograde action of this duct. May not oil be carried up this duct, when a gall-stone gives great pain, by its retrograde spasmodic action? See Class I. 1. 3. 8.
M. M. Opium a grain and half.
# Zakhar Berkut

Zakhar Berkut
Zakhar Berkut
by
Ivan Franko
One of the Greatest Ukrainian
Writers
Translated from the Ukrainian for the first time by
Theodosia Boresky
1944
Theo. Gaus’ Sons, Inc., Publisher
New York, N. Y.
Copyright, 1944, by Theodosia Boresky
All rights reserved
Zakhar Berkut A Historical Romance Depicting the Life and System of Government of the People in the Carpathian Region of Ukraine During the XIIIth Century, at the Time of the Mongol Invasion.
Included
Brief Outline of Ukrainian History
First Edition Printed And Bound In The U. S. A.
Dedicated By The Translator To
All real Americans who understand and believe in the traditions and teachings of the founders of their republic; to whom, therefore, it is appropriate to present this book, the story of an independent, self-governing community of 13th century Ukraine, its struggle to preserve its ages-old democratic form of government from enemies within Ukraine and to repel the fearful Mongol Horde which had devastated the rest of the land.
* Introduction
* Chapter I
* Chapter II
* Chapter III
* Chapter IV
* Chapter V
* Chapter VI
* Chapter VII
* Chapter VIII
* Chapter IX
* Appendix: A Brief Outline of Ukrainian History
This work is a translation and has a separate copyright status to the applicable copyright protections of the original content.
# How to Use Your Mind/Second Aids to Memory—Retention, Recall and Recognition

Layout 2
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# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Abipones

See also Abipón on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ABIPONES, a tribe of South American Indians of Guaycuran stock recently inhabiting the territory lying between Santa Fé and St Iago. They originally occupied the Chaco district of Paraguay, but were driven thence by the hostility of the Spaniards. According to Martin Dobrizhoffer, a Jesuit missionary, who, towards the end of the 18th century, lived among them for a period of seven years, they then numbered not more than 5000. They were a well-formed, handsome people, with black eyes and aquiline noses, thick black hair, but no beards. The hair from the forehead to the crown of the head was pulled out, this constituting a tribal mark. The faces, breasts and arms of the women were covered with black figures of various designs made with thorns, the tattooing paint being a mixture of ashes and blood. The lips and ears of both sexes were pierced. The men were brave fighters, their chief weapons being the bow and spear. No child was without bow and arrows; the bow-strings were made of foxes’ entrails. In battle the Abipones wore an armour of tapir’s hide over which a jaguar’s skin was sewn. They were excellent swimmers and good horsemen. For five months in the year when the floods were out they lived on islands or even in shelters built in the trees. They seldom married before the age of thirty, and were singularly chaste. “With the Abipones,” says Darwin, “when a man chooses a wife, he bargains with the parents about the price. But it frequently happens that the girl rescinds what has been agreed upon between the parents and bridegroom, obstinately rejecting the very mention of marriage. She often runs away and hides herself, and thus eludes the bridegroom.” Infanticide was systematic, never more than two children being reared in one family, a custom doubtless originating in the difficulty of subsistence. The young were suckled for two years. The Abipones are now believed to be extinct as a tribe.
Martin Dobrizhoffer’s Latin Historia de Abiponibus (Vienna, 1784) was translated into English by Sara Coleridge, at the suggestion of Southey, in 1822, under the title of An Account of the Abipones (3 vols.).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Abijah

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​ABIJAH (Heb. Abiyyah and Abiyyahu, “Yah is father”), a name borne by nine different persons mentioned in the Old Testament, of whom the most noteworthy are the following. (1) The son and successor of Rehoboam, king of Judah (2 Chron. xii. 16-xiii.), reigned about two years (918–915 B.C.). The accounts of him in the books of Kings and Chronicles are very conflicting (compare 1 Kings xv. 2 and 2 Chron. xi. 20 with 2 Chron. xiii. 2). The Chronicler tells us that he has drawn his facts from the Midrash (commentary) of the prophet Iddo. This is perhaps sufficient to explain the character of the narrative. (2) The second son of Samuel (1 Sam. viii. 2; 1 Chron. vi. 28 [13]). He and his brother Joel judged at Beersheba. Their misconduct was made by the elders of Israel a pretext for demanding a king (1 Sam. viii. 4). (3) A son of Jeroboam I., king of Israel; he died young (1 Kings xiv. 1 ff., 17). (4) Head of the eighth order of priests (1 Chron. xxiv. 10), the order to which Zacharias, the father of John the Baptist, belonged (Luke i. 5).
The alternative form Abijam is probably a mistake, though it is upheld by M. Jastrow.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Abila

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​ABILA, (1) a city of ancient Syria, the capital of the tetrarchy of Abilene, a territory whose extent it is impossible to define. It is generally called Abila of Lysanias, to distinguish it from (2) below. Abila was an important town on the imperial highway from Damascus to Heliopolis (Baalbek). The site is indicated by ruins of a temple, aqueducts, &c., and inscriptions on the banks of the river Barada at Sūk Wādi Baradā, a village called by early Arab geographers Ābil-es-Sūk, between Baalbek and Damascus. Though the names Abel and Abila differ in derivation and in meaning, their similarity has given rise to the tradition that this was the place of Abel’s burial. According to Josephus, Abilene was a separate Iturean kingdom till A.D. 37, when it was granted by Caligula to Agrippa I.; in 52 Claudius ​granted it to Agrippa II. (See also Lysanias.) (2) A city in Perea, now Ābil-ez-Zeit.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Abington, Frances

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​ABINGTON, FRANCES (1737–1815), English actress, was the daughter of a private soldier named Barton, and was, at first, a flower girl and a street singer. She then became servant to a French milliner, obtaining a taste in dress and a knowledge of French which afterwards stood her in good stead. Her first appearance on the stage was at the Haymarket in 1755 as Miranda in Mrs Centlivre’s Busybody. In 1756, on the recommendation of Samuel Foote, she became a member of the Drury Lane company, where she was overshadowed by Mrs Pritchard and Kitty Clive. In 1759, after an unhappy marriage with her music-master, one of the royal trumpeters, she is mentioned in the bills as Mrs Abington. Her first success was in Ireland as Lady Townley, and it was only after five years, on the pressing invitation of Garrick, that she returned to Drury Lane. There she remained for eighteen years, being the original of more than thirty important characters, notably Lady Teazle (1777). Her Beatrice, Portia, Desdemona and Ophelia were no less liked than her Miss Hoyden, Biddy Tipkin, Lucy Lockit and Miss Prue. It was in the last character in Love for Love that Reynolds painted his best portrait of her. In 1782 she left Drury Lane for Covent Garden. After an absence from the stage from 1790 until 1797, she reappeared, quitting it finally in 1799. Her ambition, personal wit and cleverness won her a distinguished position in society, in spite of her humble origin. Women of fashion copied her frocks, and a head-dress she wore was widely adopted and known as the “Abington cap.” She died on the 4th of March 1815.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Abinger, James Scarlett, 1st Baron

See also James Scarlett, 1st Baron Abinger on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ABINGER, JAMES SCARLETT, 1st Baron (1769–1844), ​English judge, was born on the 13th of December 1769 in Jamaica, where his father, Robert Scarlett, had property. In the summer of 1785 he was sent to England to complete his education, and went to Trinity College, Cambridge, taking his B.A. degree in 1789. Having entered the Inner Temple he was called to the bar in 1791, and joined the northern circuit and the Lancashire sessions. Though he had no professional connexions, by steady application he gradually obtained a large practice, ultimately confining himself to the Court of King’s Bench and the northern circuit. He took silk in 1816, and from this time till the close of 1834 he was the most successful lawyer at the bar; he was particularly effective before a jury, and his income reached the high-water mark of £18,500, a large sum for that period. He began life as a Whig, and first entered parliament in 1819 as member for Peterborough, representing that constituency with a short break (1822–1823) till 1830, when he was elected for the borough of Malton. He became attorney-general, and was knighted when Canning formed his ministry in 1827; and though he resigned when the duke of Wellington came into power in 1828, he resumed office in 1829 and went out with the duke of Wellington in 1830. His opposition to the Reform Bill caused his severance from the Whig leaders, and having joined the Tories he was elected, first for Colchester and then in 1832 for Norwich, for which borough he sat until the dissolution of parliament. He was appointed lord chief baron of the exchequer in 1834, and presided in that court for more than nine years. While attending the Norfolk circuit on the 2nd of April he was suddenly seized with apoplexy, and died in his lodgings at Bury on the 7th of April 1844. He had been raised to the peerage as Baron Abinger in 1835, taking his title from the Surrey estate he had bought in 1813. The qualities which brought him success at the bar were not equally in place on the bench; he was partial, dictatorial and vain; and complaint was made of his domineering attitude towards juries. But his acuteness of mind and clearness of expression remained to the end. Lord Abinger was twice married (the second time only six months before his death), and by his first wife (d. 1829) had three sons and two daughters, the title passing to his eldest son Robert (1794–1861). His second son, General Sir James Yorke Scarlett (1799–1871), leader of the heavy cavalry charge at Balaclava, is dealt with in a separate article; and his elder daughter, Mary, married John, Baron Campbell, and was herself created Baroness Stratheden (Lady Stratheden and Campbell) (d. 1860). Sir Philip Anglin Scarlett (d. 1831), Lord Abinger’s younger brother, was chief justice of Jamaica.
See P. C. Scarlett, Memoir of James, 1st Lord Abinger (1877); Foss’s Lives of the Judges; E. Manson, Builders of our Law (1904).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Abitibbi

See also Lake Abitibi and Abitibi River on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ABITIBBI, a lake and river of Ontario, Canada. The lake, in 49° N., 80° W., is 60 m. long and studded with islands. It is shallow, and the shores in its vicinity are covered with small timber. It was formerly employed by the Hudson’s Bay Company as part of a canoe route to the fur lands of the north. The construction of the Grand Trunk Pacific railway through this district has made it of some importance. Its outlet is Abitibbi river, a rapid stream, which after a course of 200 m. joins the Moose river, flowing into James Bay.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Abildgaard, Nikolaj Abraham

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​ABILDGAARD, NIKOLAJ ABRAHAM (1744–1809), called “the Father of Danish Painting,” was born at Copenhagen, the son of Sören Abildgaard, an antiquarian draughtsman of repute. He formed his style on that of Claude and of Nicolas Poussin, and was a cold theorist, inspired not by nature but by art. As a technical painter he attained remarkable success, his tone being very harmonious and even, but the effect, to a foreigner’s eye, is rarely interesting. His works are scarcely known out of Copenhagen, where he won an immense fame in his own generation. He was the founder of the Danish school of painting, and the master of Thorwaldsen and Eckersberg.
# 'Twas comfort in her Dying Room

'Twas comfort in her Dying Room To hear the living Clock — A short relief to have the wind Walk boldly up and knock — Diversion from the Dying Theme To hear the children play — But wrong the more That these could live And this of ours must die.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# 'Twas on the morn of sweet May Day (1829)

'Twas on the Morn of Sweet May Day.
To which are added,
LOVELY JEAN.
HALUKET MEG
BLYTHE, BLYTHE, AN' MERRY ARE WE.
GLASGOW: Printed by and for J. Neil, 17 Bazar. ——— 1829.
* 'Twas on the morn of sweet May Day
* Lovely Jean
* Haluket Meg
* Blythe, blythe an' merry are we
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# 'Tis so much joy! 'Tis so much joy!

* "Rouge gagne" in Poems (1890)
* "'Tis so much joy! 'Tis so much joy!" in The Complete Poems of Emily Dickinson (1924)
# 'Twas later when the summer went

* "'Twas later when the summer went" in Poems (1890)
* "'Twas later when the summer went" in The Complete Poems of Emily Dickinson (1924)
# 'Tis not the swaying frame we miss

'Tis not the swaying frame we miss, It is the steadfast Heart, That had it beat a thousand years, With Love alone had bent, Its fervor the electric Oar, That bore it through the Tomb, Ourselves, denied the privilege, Consolelessly presume —
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# 'Tis said that some have died for love

* "'Tis said that some have died for love" in Lyrical Ballads Volume II (1800)
* "'Tis said that some" in Poems Volume I (1815)
# 'Tis so appalling—it exhilarates—

'Tis so appalling — it exhilarates — So over Horror, it half Captivates — The Soul stares after it, secure — A Sepulchre, fears frost, no more —
To scan a Ghost, is faint — But grappling, conquers it — How easy, Torment, now — Suspense kept sawing so —
The Truth, is Bald, and Cold — But that will hold — If any are not sure — We show them — prayer — But we, who know, Stop hoping, now —
Looking at Death, is Dying — Just let go the Breath — And not the pillow at your Cheek So Slumbereth —
Others, Can wrestle — Yours, is done — And so of Woe, bleak dreaded — come, It sets the Fright at liberty — And Terror's free — Gay, Ghastly, Holiday!
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# 'Tis whiter than an Indian Pipe—

'Tis whiter than an Indian Pipe — 'Tis dimmer than a Lace — No stature has it, like a Fog When you approach the place — Nor any voice imply it here Or intimate it there A spirit — how doth it accost — What function hath the Air? This limitless Hyperbole Each one of us shall be — 'Tis Drama — if Hypothesis It be not Tragedy —
# 'Twas just this time, last year, I died

'Twas just this time, last year, I died. I know I heard the Corn, When I was carried by the Farms — It had the Tassels on —
I thought how yellow it would look — When Richard went to mill — And then, I wanted to get out, But something held my will.
I thought just how Red — Apples wedged The Stubble's joints between — And the Carts stooping round the fields To take the Pumpkins in —
I wondered which would miss me, least, And when Thanksgiving, came, If Father'd multiply the plates — To make an even Sum —
And would it blur the Christmas glee My Stocking hang too high For any Santa Claus to reach The Altitude of me —
But this sort, grieved myself, And so, I thought the other way, How just this time, some perfect year — Themself, should come to me —
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# 'Twas a long Parting—but the time

* "Resurrection" in Poems (1890)
* "'Twas a long parting, but the time" in The Complete Poems of Emily Dickinson (1924)
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Achilles Tatius

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​ACHILLES TATIUS, of Alexandria, Greek rhetorician, author of the erotic romance, the Adventures of Leucippe and Cleitophon, flourished about A.D. 450, perhaps later. Suidas, who alone calls him Statius, says that he became a Christian and eventually a bishop—like Heliodorus, whom he imitated—but there is no evidence of this. Photius, while severely criticizing his lapses into indecency, highly praises the conciseness and clearness of his style, which, however, is artificial and laboured. Many of the incidents of the romance are highly improbable, and the characters, except the heroine, fail to enlist sympathy. The descriptive passages and digressions, although tedious and introduced without adequate reasons, are the best part of the work. The large number of existing MSS. attests its popularity. (Editio princeps, 1601; first important critical edition by Jacobs, 1821; later editions by Hirschig, 1856; Hercher, 1858. There are translations in many languages; in English by Anthony H[odges], 1638, and R. Smith, 1855. See also Romance.)
Suidas also ascribes to this author an Etymology, a Miscellaneous History of Famous Men, and a treatise On the Sphere. Part of the last is extant under the title of An Introduction to the Phaenomena of Aratus. But if the writer is the prudentissimus Achilles referred to by Firmicus Maternus (about 336) in his Matheseos libri, iv. 10, 17 (ed. Kroll), he must have lived long before the author of Leucippe. The fragment was first published in 1567, then in the Uranologion of Petavius, with a Latin translation, 1630. Nothing definite is known as to the authorship of the other works, which are lost.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Achill

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​ACHILL (“Eagle”), the largest island off Ireland, separated from the Curraun peninsula of the west coast by the narrow Achill Sound. Pop. (1901) 4929. It is included in the county Mayo, in the western parliamentary division. Its shape is triangular, and its extent is 15 m. from E. to W. and 12 from N. to S. The area is 57 sq. m. The island is mountainous, the highest points being Slieve Croaghaun (2192 ft.) in the west, and Slievemore (2204 ft.) in the north; the extreme western point is the bold and rugged promontory of Achill Head, and the north-western and south-western coasts consist of ranges of magnificent cliffs, reaching a height of 800 ft. in the cliffs of Minaun, near the village of Keel on the south. The seaward slope of Croaghaun is abrupt and in parts precipitous, and its jagged flanks, together with the serrated ridge of the Head and the view over the broken coast-line and islands of the counties Mayo and Galway, attract many visitors to the island during summer. Desolate bogs, incapable of cultivation, alternate with the mountains; and the inhabitants earn a scanty subsistence by fishing and tillage, or by seeking employment in England and Scotland during the harvesting. The Congested Districts Board, however, have made efforts to improve the condition of the people, and a branch of the Midland Great Western railway to Achill Sound, together with a swivel bridge across the sound, improved communications and make for prosperity. Dugort, the principal village, contains several hotels. Here is a Protestant colony, known as “the Settlement” and founded in 1834. There are antiquarian remains (cromlechs, stone circles and the like) at Slievemore and elsewhere.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Achillini, Alessandro

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​ACHILLINI, ALESSANDRO (1463–1512), Italian philosopher, born on the 29th of October 1463 at Bologna, was celebrated as a lecturer both in medicine and in philosophy at Bologna and Padua, and was styled the second Aristotle. His philosophical works were printed in one volume folio, at Venice, in 1508, and reprinted with considerable additions in 1545, 1551 and 1568. He was also distinguished as an anatomist (see Anatomy), among his writings being Corporis humani Anatomia (Venice, 1516–1524), and Anatomicae Annotationes (Bologna, 1520). He died at Bologna on the 2nd of August 1512.
His brother, Giovanni Filoteo Achillini (1466–1533), was the author of Il Viridario and other writings, verse and prose, and his grand-nephew, Claudio Achillini (1574–1640), was a lawyer who achieved some notoriety as a versifier of the school of the Secentisti.