# The People of the Abyss

The book chronicles his life in the East End of London in 1902. He wrote this first-hand account by living in the East End (including the Whitechapel District) for several months, sometimes staying in workhouses or sleeping on the streets.
MACMILLAN'S STANDARD LIBRARY
THE PEOPLE OF THE ABYSS
* “Each bench was jammed with sleeping occupants.” (p. 135)
THE PEOPLE OF THE ABYSS
BY
JACK LONDON
AUTHOR OF "THE CALL OF THE WILD," "CHILDREN OF THE FROST," ETC., ETC.
WITH MANY ILLUSTRATIONS FROM PHOTOGRAPHS
NEW YORK
GROSSET & DUNLAP
PUBLISHERS
Copyright, 1903,
By THE MACMILLAN COMPANY.
Set up, electrotyped, and published October, 1903. Reprinted February, 1904; June, 1904; June, 1906; January, May, 1907.
Norwood Press J. S. Cushing & Co.—Berwick & Smith Co. Norwood, Mass., U.S.A.
​The chief priests and rulers cry:—
"O Lord and Master, not ours the guilt, We build but as our fathers built; Behold thine images how they stand Sovereign and sole through all our land.
"Our task is hard—with sword and flame, To hold thine earth forever the same. And with sharp crooks of steel to keep, Still as thou leftest them, thy sheep."
Then Christ sought out an artisan, A low-browed, stunted, haggard man. And a motherless girl whose fingers thin Crushed from her faintly want and sin.
These set he in the midst of them. And as they drew back their garment hem For fear of defilement, "Lo, here," said he, "The images ye have made of me."
—James Russell Lowell.
PREFACE
The experiences related in this volume fell to me in the summer of 1902. I went down into the under-world of London with an attitude of mind which I may best liken to that of the explorer. I was open to be convinced by the evidence of my eyes, rather than by the teachings of those who had not seen, or by the words of those who had seen and gone before. Further, I took with me certain simple criteria with which to measure the life of the under-world. That which made for more life, for physical and spiritual health, was good; that which made for less life, which hurt, and dwarfed, and distorted life, was bad.
It will be readily apparent to the reader that I saw much that was bad. Yet it must not be forgotten that the time of which I write was considered "good times" in England. The starvation and lack of shelter I encountered constituted a chronic condition of misery which is never wiped out, even in the periods of greatest prosperity.
Following the summer in question came a hard winter. To such an extent did the suffering and positive starvation increase that society was unable to cope with it. Great numbers of the unemployed formed into processions, as many as a dozen ​at a time, and daily marched through the streets of London crying for bread. Mr. Justin McCarthy, writing in the month of January, 1903, to the New York Independent, briefly epitomizes the situation as follows:-
"The workhouses have no space left in which to pack the starving crowds who are craving every day and night at their doors for food and shelter. All the charitable institutions have exhausted their means in trying to raise supplies of food for the famishing residents of the garrets and cellars of London lanes and alleys. The quarters of the Salvation Army in various parts of London are nightly besieged by hosts of the unemployed and the hungry for whom neither shelter nor the means of sustenance can be provided."
It has been urged that the criticism I have passed on things as they are in England is too pessimistic. I must say, in extenuation, that of optimists I am the most optimistic. But I measure manhood less by political aggregations than by individuals. Society grows, while political machines rack to pieces and become "scrap" For the English, so far as manhood and womanhood and health and happiness go, I see a broad and smiling future. But for a great deal of the political machinery, which at present mismanages for them, I see nothing else than the scrap heap.
JACK LONDON.
Piedmont, California.
ILLUSTRATIONS
PAGE
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
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