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# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Justification

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Justification: a forensic term, opposed to condemnation. As regards its nature, it is the judicial act of God, by which he pardons all the sins of those who believe in Christ, and accounts, accepts, and treats them as righteous in the eye of the law, i.e., as conformed to all its demands. In addition to the pardon(which see) of sin, justification declares that all the claims of the law are satisfied in respect of the justified. It is the act of a judge and not of a sovereign. The law is not relaxed or set aside, but is declared to be fulfilled in the strictest sense; and so the person justified is declared to be entitled to all the advantages and rewards arising from perfect obedience to the law (Romans 5:1-10).
It proceeds on the imputing or crediting to the believer by God himself of the perfect righteousness, active and passive, of his Representative and Surety, Jesus Christ (Romans 10:3-9). Justification is not the forgiveness of a man without righteousness, but a declaration that he possesses a righteousness which perfectly and for ever satisfies the law, namely, Christ's righteousness (2 Corinthians 5:21; Romans 4:6-8).
The sole condition on which this righteousness is imputed or credited to the believer is faith in or on the Lord Jesus Christ. Faith is called a "condition," not because it possesses any merit, but only because it is the instrument, the only instrument by which the soul appropriates or apprehends Christ and his righteousness (Romans 1:17; 3:25,26; 4:20,22; Philippians 3:8-11; Galatians 2:16).
The act of faith which thus secures our justification secures also at the same time our sanctification (which see); and thus the doctrine of justification by faith does not lead to licentiousness (Romans 6:2-7). Good works, while not the ground, are the certain consequence of justification (Romans 6:14; 7:6). (See GALATIANS, EPISTLE TO.)
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Kingdom of God

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Kingdom of God (Matt. 6:33; Mark 1:14, 15; Luke 4:43) = "kingdom of Christ" (Matt. 13:41; 20:21) = "kingdom of Christ and of God" (Eph. 5:5) = "kingdom of David" (Mark 11:10) = "the kingdom" (Matt. 8:12; 13:19) = "kingdom of heaven" (Matt. 3:2; 4:17; 13:41), all denote the same thing under different aspects, viz.: (1) Christ's mediatorial authority, or his rule on the earth; (2) the blessings and advantages of all kinds that flow from this rule; (3) the subjects of this kingdom taken collectively, or the Church.
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Kingly office of Christ

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Kingly office of Christ One of the three special relations in which Christ stands to his people. Christ's office as mediator comprehends three different functions, viz., those of a prophet, priest, and king. These are not three distinct offices, but three functions of the one office of mediator.
Christ is King and sovereign Head over his Church and over all things to his Church (Eph. 1:22; 4:15; Col. 1:18; 2:19). He executes this mediatorial kingship in his Church, and over his Church, and over all things in behalf of his Church. This royalty differs from that which essentially belongs to him as God, for it is given to him by the Father as the reward of his obedience and sufferings (Phil. 2:6-11), and has as its especial object the upbuilding and the glory of his redeemed Church. It attaches, moreover, not to his divine nature as such, but to his person as God-man.
Christ's mediatorial kingdom may be regarded as comprehending, (1) his kingdom of power, or his providential government of the universe; (2) his kingdom of grace, which is wholly spiritual in its subjects and administration; and (3) his kingdom of glory, which is the consummation of all his providential and gracious administration.
Christ sustained and exercised the function of mediatorial King as well as of Prophet and Priest, from the time of the fall of man, when he entered on his mediatorial work; yet it may be said that he was publicly and formally enthroned when he ascended up on high and sat down at the Father's right hand (Ps. 2:6; Jer. 23:5; Isa. 9:6), after his work of humiliation and suffering on earth was "finished."
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Spring-Grass

Edition of 1802.
​SPRING-GRASS, the Sweet-scented, or Vernal-grass, Anthoxanthum odoratum, L. an indigenous perennial, growing in meadows and pastures; flowering in the months of May and June.—This is one of the earliest British pasture-grasses, and occasions the delicate flavour perceptible in newly-made hay. It is eagerly eaten by cows, horses, goats, and sheep; on account of its aromatic taste, and juicy, nutritive nature.—Mr. Swayne, however, observes, that it abounds in wet lands, particularly on peat-bogs; and that it appears to be of little consequence; as it is neither very productive to the farmer, nor palatable to cattle.—Nevertheless, other agriculturists are of a different opinion; and Mr. Sole (Letters and Papers of the Bath and West of England Society, vol. ix.) conceives that the vernal-grass would be an useful addition to meadows, by sowing it in the proportion of one-eighth. This judicious advice, every practical husbandman will be induced to adopt; as it is a well-known fact, that this ​fragrant herb not only remarkably spreads, and increases in its bushy stalks, when cultivated in favourable situations, but it also effectually checks the growth of moss, in sour meadows.—It is farther remarkable, that the root of this grass possesses a strong odour, resembling that of musk.—The dried blossoms are, on the Continent, employed for imparting an agreeable flavour to snuff and tobacco.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Spruce-Beer

Edition of 1802.
​SPRUCE-BEER, a kind of diet-drink, which is prepared in the following manner: Eight gallons of water are first poured into a cask, or other vessel; and a similar quantity of boiling water is added: 16 pounds of molasses are next mixed, together with a few table-spoonfuls of the essence of spruce (which is obtained from the cones of the spruce-fir). Half a pint of sweet yeast must now be put in; and the whole, after being well stirred, should be placed in a temperate room, for a few days, till the fermentation ceases. The liquor may then be bottled; and, in the course of a fortnight, it will be fit for use.
Spruce-beer has a peculiar flavour, which renders it disagreeable to the palate of many persons; it is, however, a most powerful antiscorbutic, and affords a wholesome beverage, particularly during the summer; as it does not affect the weakest stomach.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Spruce-fir

Edition of 1802.
​Spruce-fir. See vol. ii. p. 279.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Staggers

Edition of 1802.
​STAGGERS, or Apoplexy, a disorder in the heads of horses, which becomes evident from the drowsiness; bad appetite; watery and inflamed eyes; and the staggering or reeling gait of the animals. The head is continually reclining on the manger; a slight fever prevails; and the discharge of urine is in a very small proportion.
If the disease arise from wounds, or blows on the head, the horse will, in addition to these symptoms, become frantic, particularly after feeding; and, if it fall down, without being able to rise, there will be little prospect of recovery.
Sometimes, the staggers proceed from colds, caught by too early turning the animal out to grass, after violent exertions: it will, therefore, be requisite to bleed him freely, and to support the head and shoulders with straw: if he survive the fit, clysters prepared from a strong decoction of senna and salt, or the purging clyster (mentioned, vol. ii. p. 490), must be administered every morning and ​evening. It has farther been recommended, to blow a dram of the powder of Asarabacca, once in the course of the day, into the animal's nostrils, in order to promote a discharge: after which, two or three aloetic purges (see Horse-medicines, vol. ii. p. 490) ought to be given; and, to prevent a relapse, small doses, not exceeding one ounce, and consisting of equal parts of cinnabar, antimony, and guaiacum, formed into balls, should be daily administered, for the space of a month.
When the staggers originate from fulness of blood, high feeding, or want of exercise, it is the praftice of farriers, frequently to take small quantities of blood from the horse, and to give an opening diet, together with scalded bran or barley. It appears to us, however, that such bleedings, unless in cases of urgent necessity, might be avoided; by keeping the animal on hay mixed with double its quantity of cut straw, and making him work moderately every day.
Staggers, in Sheep, is a species of apoplexy, arising from too great fulness of blood. It principally attacks young lambs, which fall down; and, if not timely relieved, they speedily perish. The mode of cure generally adopted by shepherds, is to bleed the creatures frequently in the eye-vein, and to remove them to a coarse pasture, with a view to prevent the danger of a relapse.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Spunge

Edition of 1802.
​Spunge. See Sponge.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Spurge

Edition of 1802.
​SPURGE, or Euphorbia, L. a genus of plants, comprehending 110 species; 12 being natives of Britain; the principal of which are the following:
1. The characias, or Red Spurge, grows in woods and hedges, where it flowers in the month of June.—The pulverized leaves of this plant, if taken in doses of from 15 to 25 grains, operate as a brisk purgative:—its juice, like that of all the other species of the spurge, is so extremely acrid, that it ulcerates every part of the body, with which it comes in contact. Hence, it is never used internally:—but, a single drop put into the cavity of an aching tooth, is said to have removed the pain, and at the same time destroyed the nerve. This corrosive liquid, however, may, according to Dr. Withering, be applied with safety to warts and corns; as it eradicates them in a very short time.
2. The helioscopia, or Sun-spurge. See Wartwort.
3. The Cyparissias, or Cyprus Spurge, grows in dry woods (at Enville, in Staffordshire), where its yellow flowers blow in May and June.—Goats are exceedingly partial to this herb; and its seeds afford grateful food to pigeons.—The beautiful caterpillar, which is changed into the Spurge-bnttetfly, derives its nourishment from the leaves of this species.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Stag

Edition of 1802.
​STAG, or Cervus Elaphus, L. an animal of chace, which is common in Britain, as well as in other parts of Europe, in the northern parts of Africa, Asia, and America. It is of a reddish-brown colour, with black spots on the face, and a dark stripe in the direction of the spine.
The stag is furnished with fine branching horns, which it generally sheds in the spring. The female produces one, and sometimes two fawns, towards the end of May, or early in June, after a gestation of 40 weeks. These animals attain the age of 35 or 40 years; are remarkable for their quick eye, sagacious scent, and acute ear; and, as they listen with delight to the sounds of the shepherd's pipe, this instrument has been successfully employed by hunters, for the purpose of decoying them.
The flesh of fawns is sweet and tender; but, when the stag advances in years, it acquires a strong and disagreeable flavour. Their most useful parts are, the skin and horns; the former being advantageously manufactured into leather; while the latter are converted into handles for knives, or other instruments; and, on being disstilled, they yield a volatile spirit, which is of considerable use in medicine.—See also Hart's-horns.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Spur

Edition of 1802.
​Spur. See vol. ii. p. 67, and also p. 6 of the present volume.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Spurge-flax

Edition of 1802.
​Spurge-flax. See Mezereon.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/St. Anthony's Fire 1

Edition of 1802.
​St. Anthony's Fire. See Erysipelas, or Rose.
# Edward Bonner v. Gorman

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
213 U.S. 86
Edward Bonner v. Gorman
Argued: February 23, 1909. --- Decided: April 5, 1909
Messrs. James P. Clarke, Rufus J. Williams, and J. R. Beasley for plaintiffs if error.
Mr. John Gatling for defendants in error.
[Argument of Counsel from page 87 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Chief Justice Fuller delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Educational Films Corporation of America v. Ward

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
282 U.S. 379
Educational Films Corporation of America v. Ward
Argued: Dec. 1, 1930. --- Decided: Jan 12, 1931
[Argument of Counsel from pages 379-381 intentionally omitted]
Messrs. Roger Hinds and Benjamin P. De Witt, both of New York City, for appellant.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 381-383 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Wendell P. Brown, of Albany, N. Y., for appellees.
Mr. Justice STONE delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Cana

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Cana : Reedy, a town of Galilee, near Capernaum. Here our Lord wrought his first miracle, the turning of water into wine (John 2:1-11; 4:46). It is also mentioned as the birth-place of Nathanael (21:2). It is not mentioned in the Old Testament. It has been identified with the modern Kana el-Jelil, also called Khurbet Kana, a place 8 or 9 miles north of Nazareth. Others have identified it with Kefr Kenna, which lies on the direct road to the Sea of Galilee, about 5 miles north-east of Nazareth, and 12 in a direct course from Tiberias. It is called "Cana of Galilee," to distinguish it from Cana of Asher (Josh. 19:28).
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Canaan, the language of

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Canaan, the language of : Mentioned in Isa. 19:18, denotes the language spoken by the Jews resident in Palestine. The language of the Canaanites and of the Hebrews was substantially the same. This is seen from the fragments of the Phoenician language which still survive, which show the closest analogy to the Hebrew. Yet the subject of the language of the "Canaanites" is very obscure. The cuneiform writing of Babylon, as well as the Babylonian language, was taught in the Canaanitish schools, and the clay tablets of Babylonian literature were stored in the Canaanitish libraries. Even the Babylonian divinities were borrowed by the Canaanites.
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Canaanite

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Canaanite : A name given to the apostle Simon (Matt. 10:4; Mark 3:18). The word here does not, however, mean a descendant of Canaan, but is a translation, or rather almost a transliteration, of the Syriac word Kanenyeh (R.V. rendered "Cananaen"), which designates the Jewish sect of the Zealots. Hence he is called elsewhere (Luke 6:15) "Simon Zelotes;" i.e., Simon of the sect of the Zealots. (See SIMON.)
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Candle

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Candle : Heb.@ner, Job 18:6; 29:3; Ps. 18:28; Prov. 24:20, in all which places the Revised Version and margin of Authorized Version have "lamp," by which the word is elsewhere frequently rendered. The Hebrew word denotes properly any kind of candle or lamp or torch. It is used as a figure of conscience (Prov. 20:27), of a Christian example (Matt. 5:14, 15), and of prosperity (Job 21:17; Prov. 13:9).
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Camp

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Camp : During their journeys across the wilderness, the twelve tribes formed encampments at the different places where they halted (Ex. 16:13; Num. 2:3). The diagram here given shows the position of the different tribes and the form of the encampment during the wanderings, according to Num. 1:53; 2:2-31; 3:29, 35, 38; 10:13-28.
The area of the camp would be in all about 3 square miles. After the Hebrews entered Palestine, the camps then spoken of were exclusively warlike (Josh. 11:5, 7; Judg. 5:19, 21; 7:1; 1 Sam. 29:1; 30:9, etc.).
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Canaan

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Canaan

### Son of Ham

The fourth son of Ham (Genesis 10:6). His descendants were under a curse in consequence of the transgression of his father (Genesis 9:22-27). His eldest son, Zidon, was the father of the Sidonians and Phoenicians. He had eleven sons, who were the founders of as many tribes (Genesis 10:15-18).

### Country

The country which derived its name from the preceding. The name as first used by the Phoenicians denoted only the maritime plain on which Sidon was built. But in the time of [[.. /Moses|Moses]] and Joshua it denoted the whole country to the west of the Jordan and the Dead Sea (Deuteronomy 11:30). In Joshua 5:12 the LXX. read, "land of the Phoenicians," instead of "land of Canaan." The name signifies "the lowlands," as distinguished from the land of Gilead on the east of Jordan, which was a mountainous district. The extent and boundaries of Canaan are fully set forth in different parts of Scripture (Genesis 10:19; 17:8; Numbers 13:29; 34:8). (See CANAANITES, PALESTINE.)
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Candace

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Candace : The queen of the Ethiopians whose "eunuch" or chamberlain was converted to Christianity by the instrumentality of Philip the evangelist (Acts 8:27). The country which she ruled was called by the Greeks Meroe, in Upper Nubia. It was long the centre of commercial intercourse between Africa and the south of Asia, and hence became famous for its wealth (Isa. 45:14).
It is somewhat singular that female sovereignty seems to have prevailed in Ethiopia, the name Candace (compare "Pharaoh," "Ptolemy," "Caesar") being a title common to several successive queens. It is probable that Judaism had taken root in Ethiopia at this time, and hence the visit of the queen's treasurer to Jerusalem to keep the feast. There is a tradition that Candace was herself converted to Christianity by her treasurer on his return, and that he became the apostle of Christianity in that whole region, carrying it also into Abyssinia. It is said that he also preached the gospel in Arabia Felix and in Ceylon, where he suffered martyrdom. (See [95]PHILIP.)
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Camon

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* Hebr
* Jam
* 1Pet
* 2Pet
* 1Jn
* 2Jn
* 3Jn
* Ju
* Rev
Camon : Full of stalks, a place (Judg. 10:5) where Jair was buried. It has usually been supposed to have been a city of Gilead, on the east of Jordan. It is probably, however, the modern Tell-el-Kaimun, on the southern slopes of Carmel, the Jokneam of Carmel (Josh. 12:22; 1 Kings 4:12), since it is not at all unlikely that after he became judge, Jair might find it more convenient to live on the west side of Jordan; and that he was buried where he had lived.