OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Demeter and other poems/On One who affected an Effeminate Manner

ON ONE WHO AFFECTED AN EFFEMINATE MANNER.
While man and woman still are incomplete, I prize that soul where man and woman meet, Which types all Nature's male and female plan, But, friend, man-woman is not woman-man.
# Demeter and other poems/In Memoriam-William George Ward

IN MEMORIAM.
W. G. Ward.
Farewell, whose like on earth I shall not find, Whose Faith and Work were bells of full accord, My friend, the most unworldly of mankind, Most generous of all Ultramontanes, Ward, How subtle at tierce and quart of mind with mind, How loyal in the following of thy Lord!
# Demeter and other poems/Merlin and the Gleam

MERLIN AND THE GLEAM.
# Demeter and other poems/Parnassus

PARNASSUS.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Carter, Edmund

​CARTER, EDMUND (fl. 1753), topographer, was a poor disabled writing-master, who, while keeping school by St. Botolph's Church in Cambridge, conceived the design of compiling a history of the university and county, an undertaking for which he was by no means qualified. Among others whom he applied to for aid was William Cole, who treated his humble labours with contempt; but afterwards he was greatly assisted by the Rev. Robert Smyth, rector of Woodstone, near Peterborough, and occasionally by Dr. Newcome, master of St. John's College, Cambridge, who communicated some of Baker's manuscripts, and by the Rev. Robert Masters, to whom Carter used to send the whole budget of his correspondence. Carter, ‘having a small family and a bad wife,’ was forced to desert his school at Cambridge, and settled for some time during the compilation of his histories at Ware in Hertfordshire, whence he removed to Chelsea, where he taught a school as he had done at Ware. The date and place of his death are not known; his widow died in Enfield workhouse on 15 Sept. 1788 (Gent. Mag. lviii. ii. 841).
Carter was the author of 1. ‘The History of the County of Cambridge from the Earliest Account to the Present Time,’ 8vo, Cambridge, 1753 (reprinted and brought down to date by William Upcott, 8vo, London, 1819). Although badly arranged and full of errors, the book is not altogether destitute of interest. Under each parish are the particulars of the ravages committed in the churches by the wretched fanatic William Dowsing and his rabble soldiery, appointed, under a warrant from the Earl of Manchester in 1643, to destroy and abolish all the remains of popish superstition in them, a task which they performed very effectually. 2. ‘The History of the University of Cambridge from its Original to the year 1753,’ 8vo, London, 1753. In the British Museum is a copy filled with additions and corrections as for a second edition in the author's beautiful handwriting.
[Manuscript notes by Craven Ord and Dr. R. Farmer in copies of Carter's Hist. Univ. Camb. in Brit. Mus.; Gough's British Topography, i. 193, 218; Nichols's Lit. Anecd. ii. 694, v. 47, 48, vi. 112, 201.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Carter, Francis

​CARTER, FRANCIS (d. 1783), traveller, made a journey through Moorish Spain in 1772. In 1777 he published, in two volumes, ‘A Journey from Gibraltar to Malaga, with a view of that Garrison and its Environs, a particular account of the Towns in the Hoya of Malaga, the antient and natural History of these Cities, of the Coast between them, and of the Mountains of Ronda. Illustrated with medals of each municipal town and a chart; perspective and drawings taken in the year 1772.’ Richard Gough, writing under date ‘6 March 1776,’ says that ‘Arabia Jones’ (i.e. Sir William Jones) corrected the proof-sheets of the book. The plates were sold in a separate volume; but the work was reissued in 1778 in two volumes, with the plates inserted. Carter was well known as a collector of Spanish coins and Spanish books. Many of the former he purchased from the collection of Flores, the well-known medallist. He was elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries on 1 May 1777, and soon afterwards began an elaborate ‘historical and critical account of early printed Spanish books.’ His plan embraced a full history of Spanish literature, nearly the whole of which was represented in his own library. He completed the work in manuscript, and printed the first sheet, but died immediately afterwards at Woodbridge, Suffolk, on 1 Aug. 1783. A friend, ‘Eugenio,’ contributed to the ‘Gentleman's Magazine’ for October of the same year (pp. 843–5) a specimen of this undertaking, with the promise of a continuation, which was not fulfilled. A letter from Carter, giving anecdotes of Dr. William Battie [q. v.], is printed in Nichols's ‘Anecdotes,’ iv. 607.
[Gent. Mag. 1783, pt. ii. 716, 843; Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes, iii. 237–8, iv. 607, viii. 618.]
S. L. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Carter, Harry William

​CARTER, HARRY WILLIAM (1787–1863), physician, was born at Canterbury on 7 Sept. 1787, being the son of William Carter, M.D., formerly fellow of Oriel College, Oxford. After education at the King's School, Canterbury, he went to Oriel College, Oxford, where he graduated B.A. 1807, M.A. 1810, M.B. 1811. In 1812 he was elected a Radcliffe travelling fellow, and spent several years afterwards on the continent. He became fellow of the London College of Physicians in 1825. He settled at Canterbury, was appointed physician to the Kent and Canterbury Hospital in 1819, and retired from practice in 1835, after this date residing at Kennington Hall, near Ashford, where he died on 16 July 1863.
In 1821 Carter published ‘A Short Account of some of the Principal Hospitals of France, Italy, Switzerland, and the Netherlands, with remarks on the Climate and Diseases of these Countries.’ He also contributed some essays to the ‘Cyclopædia of Practical Medicine.’
[Munk's Coll. of Phys. 1878, iii. 301.]
G. T. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Carte, Samuel

Date of birth given as 1652 in the ODNB. 1904 Errata appended.
​CARTE, SAMUEL (1653–1740), divine and antiquary, born at Coventry in 1653, was educated at the grammar school of that town and at Magdalen College, Oxford. He was vicar of Clifton-upon-Dunsmoor in Warwickshire, and afterwards of St. Martin's, Leicester, and rector of Eastwell, Lincolnshire and prebendary of Lichfield from 1682 till death. He died, aged 87, on 16 April 1740. He was known as an antiquary, and a manuscript description by him of the antiquities of Leicester is preserved in the Bodleian, which, however, is said to be but a slight composition. He corresponded with the leading antiquaries of the day, and his assistance is acknowledged by Browne Willis in the preface to his ‘Mitred Abbots,’ and by J. Throsby in his ‘History and Antiquities of Leicester.’ He published (1) two sermons in 1694 and 1705. (2) ‘Tabula Chronologica Archiepiscopatuum et Episcopatuum in Anglia et Wallia, ortus, divisiones, translationes, &c., breviter exhibens, una cum indice alphabetica nominum quibus apud authores insigniuntur,’ fol., without date.
[Nichols's Illustrations, ii. 471, 726; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.]
E. S. S.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.56 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| | | 35 | Carte, Samuel: after Lichfield insert (from 1682 till death, a period of 58 years) |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Carter, Ellen

1904 Errata appended.
​CARTER, ELLEN (1762–1815), artist and book illustrator, was the daughter of Walter Vavasour of Weston in Yorkshire, and Ellen his wife, daughter of Edward Elmsall of Thornhill in the same county. She was born in 1762, and baptised at St. Olave's Church, York, on 16 May of that year. At an early age, though a protestant, she was placed in a convent at Rouen, with which her family had been connected for some generations. Though strongly affected by the surrounding influence of the Roman catholic religion, she never actually forsook her own religion, and after her return to her native country became well known for her piety and devotion to her church. In November 1787 she was married at Thornhill to the Rev. John Carter, then curate of that place, afterwards head-master of Lincoln grammar school, and incumbent of St. Swithin's in the same city. Mrs. Carter was devoted to artistic pursuits, and particularly excelled in drawing the human figure. She drew illustrations for the ‘Archæologia,’ the ‘Gentleman's Magazine,’ and other similar works. A print was published from a design by her, entitled ‘The Gardener's Girl,’ intended as a companion to Thomas Barker's ‘Woodboy.’ Her drawings are frequently met with in private collections. Her devotion to her art told on a constitution that was never strong, and the untimely death of her eldest son in the Peninsula gave her a shock from ​ which she never recovered. She died on 22 Sept. 1815, and was buried in the churchyard of St. Peter's in the East Gate, Lincoln.
[Gent. Mag. 1815, lxxxv. 374; Redgrave's Dict. of English Artists; Foster's Yorkshire Pedigrees; information from Rev. A. R. Maddison.]
L. C.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.56 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line |
| i | 6-7 | Carter, Ellen: for Maddeson read Maddison |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Eskgrove, Lord

​ESKGROVE, Lord (1724–1804). [See Rae, Sir David.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Erskine, William (1769-1813)

​ERSKINE, Sir WILLIAM (1769–1813), major-general, was the only son of William Erskine of Torry, Fifeshire, whose father, Colonel the Hon. William Erskine, was deputy governor of Blackness Castle, and elder son of David Erskine, second lord Cardross, by his second wife, Mary, daughter of Sir George Bruce of Carnock. He was born in 1769, entered the army as a cornet in the 15th light dragoons in 1786, and was promoted lieutenant in 1788, and captain on 23 Feb. 1791. He was created a baronet on 21 June 1791, and first saw service in the campaigns of the Duke of York in Flanders in 1793–5. He was one of the officers who saved the Emperor Leopold by their famous ​charge with part of the 15th light dragoons at Villiers-en-Couche in May 1793, and received the order of Maria Theresa with them, was promoted major in his regiment in June, and lieutenant-colonel on 14 Dec. 1794. After his return to England he was elected M.P. for the county of Fife in 1796, went on half-pay in 1798, was promoted colonel of the 14th garrison battalion on 1 Jan. 1801, was re-elected M.P. in 1802, and again placed on half-pay in 1803 on the reduction of his battalion. He did not again stand for parliament in 1806, and applied repeatedly for active employment. He was promoted major-general on 25 April 1808, and in the following year joined Lord Wellington's army in the Peninsula, and took command of a brigade of cavalry. Wellington believed him to be an officer of real ability, and when Major-general Robert Craufurd went home invalided from the lines of Torres Vedras he gave Erskine the temporary command of the light division. A more unfortunate choice could not have been made. Erskine was brave to a fault, and his recklessness during the pursuit after Masséna in the spring of 1811 nearly ruined the light division on more than one occasion. At Sabugal, in particular, he launched his battalions at the retreating enemy in a fog, and it was only by the skill of his brigadiers, Barnard and Beckwith, that a great disaster was averted; for when the fog lifted Ney was found with his whole corps d'armée in an exceedingly strong position. When Craufurd returned, Erskine was transferred to the command of the cavalry attached to the southern force under the command of Sir Rowland Hill, in succession to General Long. He was selected with Picton, Leith, and Cole for the rank of local lieutenant-general in Spain and in Portugal in September 1811. He commanded Hill's cavalry in his advance on Madrid in 1812 after the victory of Salamanca, and covered his retreat when he had to retire from Andalusia, coincidently with Wellington's retreat from Burgos. Erskine had already shown several signs of insanity during this period, and at last it became so obvious that he was ordered to leave the army. On 14 May 1813 he threw himself from a window in Lisbon, and was killed on the spot. As he died unmarried, his baronetcy of Torry became extinct.
H. M. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Erskine, William (d.1685)

​ERSKINE, WILLIAM (d. 1685), master of Charterhouse, was the seventh son of John, second or seventh earl of Mar [q. v.], by his second wife, Lady Mary Stewart, daughter of Esme, duke of Lennox. In 1677, on the death of Martin Clifford, he was elected master of Charterhouse, which office he held till his death on 29 May 1685. He was a member of the Royal Society, and his name appears in the list of the first council named in the royal charter, under date 22 April 1663, but he took no active part in the scientific proceedings of the society. He also held the appointment of cupbearer to Charles II.
A. V.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Erskine, Thomas (1788-1864)

​ERSKINE, THOMAS (1788–1864), judge, fourth son of Thomas, first lord Erskine [q. v.], by his first wife, Agnes, daughter of Daniel Moore, was born 12 March 1788 at 10 Serjeants' Inn, Fleet Street. He was brought up at Hampstead and educated at the grammar school there, and at a Mr.Foothead's. and was afterwards under Drs. Drury and Butler at Harrow, where he was a school-fellow of Peel, Aberdeen, Palmerston, Byron, and Hook. On becoming lord chancellor his father made him, still a schoolboy, his secretary of presentations, which threw him much into fashionable society. He was, however, entered at Trinity College, Cambridge, and being a peer's son graduated M.A. without residence or examination in 1811, on the inauguration of the Duke of Gloucester as chancellor. In 1807 he was entered at Lincoln's Inn, and became a pupil of Joseph Chitty [q. v.] He became a special pleader in 1810, and practised with success; was called to the bar in 1813, and having first joined the home circuit transferred himself to the western. He took no part in politics but pursued his practice, became a king's counsel in 1827, and took a leading place on his circuit. He was clear and acute rather than rhetorical, and had a strong comprehension of technicalities, being thus in sharp contrast to his father. The Bankruptcy Act, 1 and 2 Wm. IV, c. 56, established a court of review of four judges, and Lord Brougham appointed him to the chief judgeship on 20 Oct. 1831, a post which he filled with credit. He was also sworn of the privy council. On the death of Alan Park, he succeeded him, 9 Jan. 1839, as a judge of the common pleas, but continued to hold his bankruptcy judgeship till November 1842. In his new capacity his chief act was presiding at the spring assizes at York in 1840, at the political trials, which he did so fairly as to receive the applause even of the 'Northern Star,' Feargus O'Connor's paper. In 1844 he was attacked by tubercular disease of the lungs, and resigned his judgeship in November, but lived, ​for the most part an invalid, till 9 Nov. 1864, when he died at Bournemouth. From the summer of 1852 he lived at Fir Grove, Eversley, and was the intimate friend and valued supporter of the rector, C. Kingsley, to whom his death was a great loss. He was till his death a commissioner for the Duchy of Cornwall, and in 1840 was president of the Trinitarian Bible Society. He married in 1814 Henrietta, daughter of Henry Traill of Darsie, Fifeshire, and had a large family.
[Foss's Lives of the Judges; Arnold's Life of Lord Denman; Life of C. Kingsley, i. 329, ii. 211; Rush's Recollections, 237.]
J. A. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Erskine, Thomas Alexander

​ERSKINE, THOMAS ALEXANDER, sixth Earl of Kellie (1732–1781), was born 1 Sept. 1732, and succeeded his father, the fifth earl, in 1756. He devoted himself to music, and, going to Germany, studied at Mannheim under the elder Stamitz, with the result that he became a most accomplished player on the violin and a talented composer. Dr. Burney said that he was possessed of more musical science than any dilettante with whom he was ever acquainted (General Hist. of Music, iv. 677), and he composed with extraordinary rapidity (Robertson, Enquiry into the Fine Arts, pp. 437–8, where Lord Kellie's music is described as characterised by ‘loudness, rapidity, and enthusiasm’). ‘The musical earl’ was for many years the director of the concerts of the St. Cecilia Society at Edinburgh. He died at Brussels unmarried on 9 Oct. 1781.
Lord Kellie's coarse joviality made him one of the best-known men of his time. Foote implied that his rubicund countenance would ripen cucumbers; Dr. Johnson is supposed to have alluded to him in his censure of a certain Scotch lord celebrated for hard drinking (Boswell, ed. Croker, p. 551); and Henry Erskine [q. v.], the lord advocate, made his cousin's habits the subject of numberless jokes and parodies (Fergusson, Life of Henry Erskine, pp. 140–6, and a note by the same in Notes and Queries, 6th ser. ix. 424). He was compelled to sell in 1769 all his estates except the mansion house of Kellie (Wood, The East Neuk of Fife, p. 213). The greater part of his musical compositions is believed to have been lost, though a collection of his charming minuets was published in 1836, with an introductory notice by C. K. Sharpe, and several of his overtures have been preserved. Lord Kellie was also something of a rhymester; but the neat little piece, ‘A Lover's Message,’ usually attributed to him, has been discovered to have been written before his birth, though he undoubtedly set it to music; and the only genuine production of his that is still in existence is a fragment or two of a lyric piece entitled ‘The Kelso Races.’
L. C. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ainslie, George Robert

1904 Errata appended.
​AINSLIE, GEORGE ROBERT (1776–1839), general, was the eldest son of Sir Philip Ainslie, knt., and was born near Edinburgh in 1776. He entered the army as ensign in the 19th regiment in 1793, and having political influence through his mother, a daughter of Lord Grey, was in the same year promoted lieutenant, and in the next captain in the 85th regiment. With his regiment he saw service in Flanders, and in 1799, when he was promoted major, was engaged in the short and disgraceful expedition to the Helder. He seems to have shown no particular capacity as a soldier or much ardour for a military life, and so was in 1800 promoted to a lieutenant-colonelcy in a fencible regiment. In 1802 he married a Miss Nevile, but did not again try for employment in his profession. He was, however, made lieutenant-colonel of the 25th regiment in 1807, and promoted colonel by brevet in 1810. His influential relatives now obtained him a colonial governorship, that of the island of Eustatius in 1812, from which he was removed to Dominica in 1813. He does not appear to have distinguished himself more as a colonial governor than as a soldier, and fell into the hands of a clique at whose bidding he subdued the maroons on the island with such thoroughness that it was called cruelty, and on an outcry being raised in parliament he was recalled from the West Indies in 1814. Major-general Ainslie, for he had been promoted previous to his recall, was now free from any active employment. Nature had designed him for a savant, not a soldier. His hobby was collecting coins. The taste for coin-collecting had much decreased in England since the days of Addison, and he found a clear field for his labours. He made a specialty of Anglo-Norman coins, and travelled all over England, and, what was then a more uncommon thing, all over the rural districts of Normandy and Brittany, in search of coins. He published in 1830 the result of his labours in a magnificent quarto entitled ‘Anglo-French Coinage,’ adorned with many illustrations. By his industry he had got together almost a unique collection of rare coins, and, absorbed in the pursuit, died peacefully in 1839.
H. M. S.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.3 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 188 | i | 27 | Ainslie, George Robert: for general read lieutenant-general |
| | | 10 f.e. | for in 1813 read in June of the same year |
| | | l.l. | after promoted insert in 1813 |
| | ii | 2 | after employment insert He became lieutenant-general in 1825 |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Aikin, Charles Rochemont

​AIKIN, CHARLES ROCHEMONT (1775–1847), doctor and chemist, was the second son of John Aikin, M.D., and was born at Warrington in 1775. He was adopted, as a child, by his aunt, Mrs. Barbauld, and educated by her husband at his school at Palgrave in Suffolk. He is the ‘little Charles’ of Mrs. Barbauld's ‘Early Lessons.’ From an early age he devoted himself to science,and aided his eldest brother, Arthur [see Aikin, Arthur], in his first published works and public lectures. Subsequently he applied himself to medicine, became a member of the Royal College of Surgeons, and was chosen secretary of the London Medical and Chirurgical Society. He married Anne, daughter of the Rev. Gilbert Wakefield, and died at his house in Bloomsbury Square on 20 March 1847. His works were:
* ‘Concise View of all the most important Facts that have hitherto appeared respecting the Cow Pox,’ 1800.
* ​Dictionary of Chemistry and Mineralogy,’ 1807–1814, which he wrote in conjunction with his eldest brother.
[Kendrick's Profiles of Warrington Worthies (1854), p. 4; Christian Reformer for 1847, p. 312; Biog. Dict. of Living Authors, 1816.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ainslie, Henry

​AINSLIE, HENRY (1760–1834), senior wrangler and physician, was son of Dr. James Ainslie, a physician of Kendal. He entered at Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, was senior wrangler and second Smith's prizeman in 1781, and became a fellow of his college. In 1787 he obtained the university license to practise physic, and was elected physician to Addenbrooke's Hospital. In 1793 he took his M.D. degree, and then left Cambridge for London, where he was elected a fellow of the College of Physicians in 1795, and in the same year physician to St. Thomas's Hospital. He delivered the Harveian oration in 1802, but it is not in print. He resigned his post at his hospital in 1800, and, while taking some part in the business of the College of Physicians, attained to no great fame or practice as a physician (Halford, Harv. Or. 1835). He died on 26 Oct. 1834 at Grizedale, Northumberland. His portrait by F. Stewardson was engraved by W. Ward, R.A., and he is commemorated on a tablet in the church of Over Kellet, Lancashire.
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Aikin, Edmund

​AIKIN, EDMUND (1780–1820), architect, the youngest son of John Aikin, M.D., was born at Warrington on 2 Oct. He was assistant to General Sir Samuel Bentham, the architect of the Millbank Penitentiary, and published some designs in concert with him. About 1814 his business took him to Liverpool. He settled there, and furnished designs for various buildings in that city. He wrote articles upon architecture in Rees's ‘Encyclopædia,’ an account of St. Paul's Cathedral, and other treatises. Between 1804 and 1814 he exhibited some designs at the Royal Academy. He died at Stoke Newington on 11 March 1820, whilst on a visit to his father.
[Architectural Publication Society's Dictionary, 1853.]
E. R.