OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Johnston, William (1802-1888)

​JOHNSTON, Sir WILLIAM (1802–1888), lord provost of Edinburgh, third son of Andrew Johnston, by Isabel, daughter of Archibald Keith of Newbattle, born at Kirkhill, near Penicuik, Midlothian, on 27 Oct. ​1802. He was educated at the high school, Edinburgh, and after serving terms of apprenticeship with the Edinburgh engravers, Kirkwood & Sons, and William Hume Lizars, began business on his own account as an engraver on 1 Dec. 1825. In the following year he founded, with his brother Alexander Keith Johnston [q. v.], the since well-known firm of W. & A. K. Johnston. He was elected a burgess on 28 July 1828, and on 21 Aug. following was sworn high constable of Edinburgh. He was elected on 14 May 1830 secretary, and on 21 March 1831 moderator to the high constables for the remainder of the term of office of his predecessor, who had resigned by way of protest against a declaration in favour of reform issued by the high constables. On 4 April he was elected moderator for the ensuing year. He also served this office in 1839. In October 1831 he was appointed a member of the dean of guild court, and on 26 Sept. 1832 was sworn of the Edinburgh town council. On 2 Dec. 1837 he was appointed engraver and copperplate printer to the queen, and on 11 April 1839 he was admitted a guild brother of the city of Edinburgh. On a visit to his brother Archibald, surgeon of her majesty's ship North Star, on the Spanish station, in the summer of 1839, he landed with some of the officers at Bilbao, and witnessed a siege of the town by the Carlists. On his return to England he was the bearer of a despatch from Lord John Hay to Earl Minto. On 10 Nov. 1840 he was elected a bailie of Edinburgh. During the great distress of 1842 he presided over the Edinburgh committee of relief, and it was due to his suggestion that the relief works then instituted took the shape of such permanent improvements as ‘The Meadows’ and ‘The Queen's Drive’ round Arthur's Seat. From 1848 to 1851 he served the office of lord provost. On 26 Aug. 1851 he was knighted by the queen in Holyrood Palace. In 1852 he was elected a fellow of the Scottish Society of Antiquaries. In 1867 he retired from business to an estate at Kirkhill, near Gorebridge, Midlothian, which he had purchased in 1848, and where he died on 7 Feb. 1888. He was buried on 10 Feb. in the Grange cemetery, Edinburgh. Johnston married twice; first, on 13 March 1829, Margaret, daughter of James Pearson of Fala, Midlothian, who died on 13 June 1865; and secondly, on 23 Oct. 1868, Georgiana Augusta Wilkinson, youngest daughter of William Ker of Gateshaw, Roxburghshire, widow of the Rev. William Scoresby, D.D. His only child (by his first wife) was Elizabeth Whyte, born in 1830, who married Dr. Robert Edmund Scoresby Jackson, and died in 1879.
Johnston collaborated with his brother, Alexander Keith Johnston, in the production of the atlas to Bryce's ‘Family Gazetteer,’ and some other works and maps.
[Private information; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
J. M. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Johnston, Samuel

​JOHNSTON, SAMUEL (1733–1816), American statesman and judge, born on 15 Dec. 1733, was the son of John Johnston of Dundee. His father emigrated to America in 1736, became a surveyor-general there, and acquired large landed estates. Samuel was clerk of the superior court in Chowan county from 1767 to 1772, and was also naval officer under the crown. His abilities as a lawyer and politician won him admission on the popular side to the assembly of 1769. In 1773 he became one of the standing committee of inquiry and correspondence, was an active member of the first two provincial congresses, and presided over the third and fourth. On 3 Aug. 1775 he was made chairman of the provincial council; in September following he was chosen treasurer for the north district of North Carolina; during 1781–2 he was a member of the continental congress, and in 1788–9 governor of the state, presiding over the convention which rejected the federal constitution, though he himself supported it with all his influence. The measure was adopted by the convention of 1789, over which he again presided. He was a United States senator from 1789 to 1793, and judge of the supreme court from February 1800 to November 1803. In 1815 New Jersey College conferred on him the degree of LL.D. He died near Edenton, North Carolina, on 18 Aug. 1816.
[Drake's Dict. of Amer. Biog. p. 493; Irving's Book of Eminent Scotsmen, p. 243.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Johnston, William (1800-1874)

​JOHNSTON, WILLIAM, D.D. (1800–1874), presbyterian minister, was born at Biggar, Lanarkshire, on 18 Feb. 1800. In his thirteenth year he was sent to Glasgow University, where he obtained prizes in mathematics and graduated M.A. in 1817. Through the influence of his minister, the Rev. John Brown (1784–1858) [q. v.], he entered in 1816 the Divinity Hall of the Secession Church, then taught by Dr. Lawson at Selkirk. While at Selkirk he received the freedom of the burgh along with Prince Leopold, afterwards king of the Belgians, who was then on a visit to Sir Walter Scott. In May 1821 Johnston was licensed to preach, and in August 1823 was ordained at Limekilns, a village on the Firth of Forth, about four miles from Dunfermline. In 1825 a new church was erected and a large manse was built. The Earl of Elgin and his family, who resided at Broomhall, attended the church, and Johnston enjoyed the friendship of three generations of that family. A very devoted admirer was Lady Augusta, wife of Dean Stanley, and daughter of Thomas Bruce, seventh earl of Elgin [q. v.] Johnston was minister of Limekilns for fifty years. Many presentations made to him, notably that on the occasion of his ministerial jubilee in 1873, testified to the esteem in which he was held by his parishioners. From 1847, when his denomination became the United Presbyterian Church, till his death he was convener of the committee on education, and in 1849 he was asked by the synod to become professor of theology in the island of Jamaica. In 1850 the university of Glasgow conferred upon him the degree of D.D., and in 1854 he was elected moderator of synod. He was an able preacher and debater. He advocated a national system of education, was a member of the committee on union with the free church of Scotland, and warmly supported temperance and other social reforms. He died in Edinburgh in May 1874, shortly after delivering in the synod a powerful appeal in favour of disestablishment. Johnston was a good scholar, and in 1843 was nominated, together with John Eadie [q. v.], for the chair of biblical literature in the United Presbyterian Hall, but Eadie was elected. Johnston published very little. ‘A Memoir of the Rev. Robert Brown, Dunfermline,’ appeared in 1830, and articles on ‘Shetland’ in the ‘United Secession Magazine,’ 1838.
[Scotsman, 25 May 1874, by Dr. John Brown (author of Rab and his Friends); articles in the United Presb. Mag. by the Rev. T. B. Johnstone, August 1874, and by the late Professor William Graham, July 1876; Gifford's Memorials of the Life and Work of Dr. Johnston, 1876; Literary World, 2 June 1876.]
T. B. J.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Browne, William (1628-1678)

​BROWNE, WILLIAM (1628–1678), botanist, was born at Oxford, and trained at that university, where he graduated B.A. on 2 Nov. 1647, being described as of Magdalen College. On 2 July 1652 he was one of the examiners of Anthony à Wood for B.A. Conjointly with Dr. P. Stephen, principal of Magdalen Hall, he edited a new edition of Hobart's 'Catalogue of the Oxford Garden.' This is notable as being the first botanical book issued in this country which cites the pages of quoted. He took the degree of B.D. on 8 July 1665, and preached one of the university sermons at St. Maty's on 32 Aug. 1671. He died suddenly on 25 March 1678, and was buried in the outer chapel of Magdalen College, of which he waa senior fellow.
[Wood's Fasti (Bliss). ii. 104. 282; Wood's Atheæ Oxon. (Bliss) Life, xx, lxx; Pulteney's Biog. Sketches of Botany (1790), i. 166-9.]
B. D. J.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Browning, John

​BROWNING, JOHN (fl. 1584), divine, matriculated as a sizar at Trinity College, Cambridge, on 14 Nov. 1658, and was afterwards elected to a scholarship and a fellowship. He proceeded B.A. 1562–8, M.A. 1566, and B.D. 1577. He opposed the adoption of the new university statutes of 1572. At the close of the same year he was charged before Dr. Whitgift, deputy vice-chancellor, and the heads of houses, with preaching the Novatian heresy at St. Mary's, and was ordered to abstain from preaching for a time. But he disobeyed the order, and was committed by the vice-chancellor to the Tolbooth on 27 Jan. 1572–3. In February he was released on giving sureties to abstain from preaching until he had come up for further examination. He afterwards sent to Lord Burghley (17 March 1572–3) a formal confession of his errors. Burghley forwarded the confession to the vice-chancellor, with a warning that steps should be taken to see that Browning acted up to his professions of conformity. On 8 July 1580 Browning was created D.D. at Oxford. Dr. Still, master of Trinity College, Cambridge, complained to Lord Burghley that Browning's standing did not permit him to receive the degree; but on 8 Dec. 1581 Still signed the grace by which Browning was incorporated D.D. of Cambridge. On 7 Sept. 1584 Browning, as vice-master of the college, issued an order suspending Still, the master, from his office, on the ground that he had married, contrary to his oath, that he had broken many college statutes, and had wasted the college resources. Still replied by ejecting Browning from his fellowship; but Browning refused to leave, and had to be dragged from his rooms by force. Browning had been chaplain in earlier years to Francis, earl of Bedford, and the earl appealed to Burghley to restore Browning to his fellowship, insisting on 'his sufficiency in the sounde prechinge of the trueth,' and his 'godly conversacion.' But nothing is known of the result of this appeal, or of Browning's subsequent career.
Another John Browning was rector of Easton Parva, Essex, from 22 April 1634 till 1639, and of Easton Magna from 9 Nov. 1639. He was the author of 'Concerning Publike Prayer and the Fasts of the Church: six sermons and tractates,' 2 parts, London, 1636 (Newcourt, Diocese of London; Brit. Mus. Cat.)
[Cooper's Athenæ Cantab, ii. 239; Wood's Fasti (Bliss), i. 216; Strype's Annals, ii. i. 278–81; Strype's Whitgift, i. 98; Strype's Parker, ii. 195–7; Hist MSS. Comm. 4th Rep. 214.]
S. L. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Browne, William (1748-1825)

​BROWNE, WILLIAM (1748–1825), gem and seal engraver, obtained the patronage of Catherine II, empress of Russia, who gate him much employment and appointed him her 'gem sculptor.' In 1788 he was living in Paris, where he worked for the royal family, but in the outbreak of the revolution in the following year returned to England. He was a frequent exhibitor at the Royal Academy between 1770 and 1823 of classical heads and portraits. Browne's talents met with but little recognition in his own country, and the finest specimens of his art were sent to Russia. Some of his portraits of eminent persons are in the royal collection at Windsor. He died in John Street, Fitzroy Square, 20 July 1825, aged 77.
[Redgrave's Dictionary of Artists (1878); MS. Notes in British Museum.]
L. F.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Loundres, Henry de

Henry of London in the ODNB.
​LOUNDRES, HENRY de (d. 1228), archbishop of Dublin, was archdeacon of Stafford in the early part of the reign of John, and was frequently employed by that king in public affairs. Towards the close of 1212 the archbishopric of Dublin was conferred on him. In May 1213 he was an attesting witness to the execution of the instrument of fealty from King John to the pope, and in the following July he received the appointment of justiciary or viceroy of Ireland. He was at Runnymede in June 1215, at the delivery of ‘Magna Charta,’ in the preamble to which his name stands second among those of the councillors at whose instance that charter was granted. In 1216 he acted as one of the delegates from John to Pope Honorius III, by whom in the succeeding year he was appointed legate to Ireland. Archbishop Henry entered again on the office of justiciary in Ireland in 1219, and evinced much energy in connection with both ecclesiastical and civil affairs there. A series of regulations for ecclesiastics of the diocese of Dublin was promulgated by him. He also remodelled the constitution and amplified the resources of the cathedral of St. Patrick, Dublin, and his arrangements were ratified by a papal bull. His legatine powers terminated in 1220, but he continued to act as justiciary till 1224, when the office was transferred by the king to William Marshall (d. 1231) [q. v.], earl of Pembroke.
Archbishop Henry was present in 1225 at the opening service of a new cathedral at Salisbury, on the constitution of which he had modelled his arrangements for St. Patrick's, Dublin. As prelate or justiciary Archbishop Henry was occasionally embarrassed in vindicating the rights and properties of the crown or of his see against the claims of the citizens of Dublin (cf. Gilbert, History of the Viceroys of Ireland, and Facsimiles of National MSS. of Ireland). The name of ‘Scorchvillein,’ applied to the archbishop, was said to have originated in a dispute with some of the tenants of his see, whose leases he attempted to burn. He died in 1228, and was interred in the cathedral of Christ Church, Dublin, under a wooden monument, which disappeared before the seventeenth century.
Several ecclesiastical instruments executed by him are in the ‘Chartularies of St. Mary's Abbey, Dublin,’ and the ‘Register of the Abbey of St. Thomas, Dublin,’ printed in Rolls Series, 1884–9. An ancient drawing in colours of Loundres is reproduced in ‘Facsimiles of National MSS. of Ireland,’ pt. iv. 2.
[Crede Mihi, MS.; Archives of See of Dublin; Ware de Præsulibus Hiberniæ, 1665; Mason's Hist. of St. Patrick's Cathedral, 1826; Rot. Litt. Claus.; Patent. et Chart. 1833, 5, 7; Theiner's Vet. Monum. 1864; Gilbert's Hist. Viceroys Ireland, 1865; Hist. and Municip. Documents, Ireland, 1870; Hist. MSS. Comm. 10th Rep. App. v.]
J. T. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lovat, Lord

​LOVAT, Lord (1667?–1747), Jacobite intriguer. [See Fraser, Simon.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Love, David

​LOVE, DAVID (1750–1827), pedlar-poet, born at Torriburn, near Edinburgh, on 17 Nov. 1750 (Sutton, Nottingham Date-Book, p. 18), was abandoned by his father at an early age, and commenced life as a beggar in the company of his blind mother. His ambition was to become a flying stationer, but a brother's influence induced him to turn miner, and he worked for about two years in Lord Dundonald's coal-pits at Culross. An accident led to his discharge in 1778, and he hawked tracts and other wares about the border, until, having accumulated 3l., he wedded a lady named Thomson. Shortly afterwards he made his first poetical essay in some verses on 'The Pride and Vanity of Young Women,' and about 1790 enlisted in the Duke of Buccleuch's 'South Fencibles.' His account of his doings while in the regiment proves a great laxity of discipline. Obtaining his discharge in 1793 he resumed his trade of walking stationer, and made a fine harvest at Portsmouth and Gosport out of the sailors just returned from Lord Howe's victory of 1 June 1794. Becoming more prolific as a writer, he relinquished his pedlar's license, and hawked no literary wares but his own. In April 1796 he describes his 'conversion' at Newbury in Berkshire. Henceforth, with occasional intervals, during which he kept a bookseller's shop, sold quack medicines, or was locked up by the authorities for his nomadic practices, Love continued to make a livelihood by his rhymes, doing a large business in acrostics and hymns, which he sold for one halfpenny each. He finally settled at Nottingham, where most of his patrons lived, and whence most of his books were issued. There he died on 12 June 1827; his third wife, who had married him, as she said, for his scholarship, and whose ' silk wheel' had in part supported him for some time previous to his death, was eighty-three years old at the time of her death in 1853.
Besides numerous single sheets and chapbooks, including 'A New and Correct Set of Godly Poems,' 1782, 12mo, and 'David Love's Journey to London and his Return to Nottingham,' 1800 (?), 8vo, he wrote the 'Life, Adventures, and Experience of David Love,' which passed through numerous editions (3rd edit. 1823; 5th edit. 1824), and contains an engraved portrait, which in some copies is carefully coloured. While at London, where he says he found 'more kindness, love, and tenderness than any place in England,' Love mentions selling, among other verses, 'An Elegy on a Cat,' a piece on Bartholomew fair, and a rhyme on the cries of London.
T. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Love, James (1722-1774)

​LOVE, JAMES (1722–1774), comedian. [See Dance.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Love, James Frederick

​LOVE, Sir JAMES FREDERICK (1789–1866), general, son of John Love and his wife Mary Wyse, was born in London in 1789, and on 26 Oct. 1804 was appointed ensign in the 52nd light infantry (now 2nd Oxfordshire), then training at Shorncliffe under Sir John Moore. The dates of his subsequent commissions were lieutenant 1805, captain 1811, brevet-major 16 March 1815, brevet-lieutenant-colonel 1825, regimental major 1830, lieutenant-colonel 2 Sept. 1834, colonel 1838, major-general 1851, lieutenant-general 1857, general 1864. He served with the 52nd in Sweden and Portugal in 1808, and in the Corunna retreat in 1809. Returning to ​Portugal with the first battalion of his regiment later in the same year, he was present in every affair in which the light division was engaged up to 1812, including the siege and capture of Ciudad Rodrigo, where he was one of the stormers. He served with the second battalion of his regiment in the operations in North Holland in 1813-14, was aide-de-camp to Sir John Lambert, in the attack on New Orleans in 1815, where he was wounded and had two horses killed under him, and rejoined his regiment in time for the battle of Waterloo, where he received four severe wounds in the famous charge of the 52nd on the imperial guard [cf. Colborne, Sir John, first Baron Seaton]. Love's services after the peace were no less varied and important. He was with the 52nd in North America for some time (cf. Leake). His timely arrival from Cardiff with the depot companies of the 11th foot saved Bristol during the terrible reform riots of 1831. He commanded the 73rd foot several years in the Mediterranean, at Gibraltar, and in North America; was British resident at Zante 1835-8; commanded a moveable column in Lower Canada during the insurrection of 1888-9; was in command in South Wales during the Rebecca and chartist riots [cf. Frost, John, chartist]; was governor of Jersey 1852-6; commanded at Shorncliffe camp in 1856, and having been created inspector-general of infantry in 1857, retained that post until April 1862.
Love was a G.C.B. and K.H., and had the Peninsular medal with clasps for Corunna, Busaco, Fuentes d'Onoro, and Ciudad Rodrigo, and the Waterloo-medal. He was colonel in succession of the 57th foot and the 43rd light infantry. He married in 1825 Mary, daughter of J. Heaviside of Halifax, Nova Scotia, by whom he had no issue. He died on 13 Jan. 1866, aged 77.
H. M. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Love, John (1695-1750)

​LOVE, JOHN (1695–1750), grammarian and controversialist, born at Dumbarton in July 1695, was son of John Love, bookseller and stationer. After completing his studies at the university of Glasgow, he became usher to his old master at Dumbarton grammar school, and was appointed his successor in 1721. Among his pupils was Smollett. He acted as clerk of the presbytery of Dumbarton from 1717 to 1733, but within that period was subjected to a curious species of persecution by his minister, Archibald Sydserf, on the ground of brewing on a Sunday. The charge broke down on being investigated in the church court, and Sydserf was compelled to make a formal apology. In October 1736 Love was appointed a master of the high school, Edinburgh. In 1737, with the assistance of Thomas Ruddiman and Robert Hunter, a master of Heriot's Hospital, he published an edition of Buchanan's Latin version of the 'Psalms,' which coming under the notice of the Duke of Buccleuch obtained for him in October 1739 the rectorship of Dalkeith grammar school. Love died at Dalkeith on 20 Sept. 1750. He was married twice, first in 1722 to Elizabeth, daughter of Archibald Campbell, surgeon, of Glasgow, by whom he had thirteen children.
In 1733 Love issued from Ruddiman's printing establishment in Edinburgh 'Two Grammatical Treatises, viz.: I. Animadversions on the Latin Grammar lately published by Mr. Robert Trotter, Schoolmaster at Dumfries. II. A Dissertation upon the way of teaching that Language, wherein the Objections raised against Mr. Ruddiman's and other such like Grammars are answered.' Appended are some anonymous 'Critical Remarks' by Ruddiman on the Latin grammar and literal translations composed by John Clarke, the Hull schoolmaster. In 1740 Love took a prominent part in the controversy regarding the comparative merits of Johnston and Buchanan as Latin poets and translators of the 'Psalms.' Love defended Buchanan, and vigorously attacked Lauder the editor of Johnston, in two published 'Letters' [see Lauder, William, d. 1771]. The controversy ultimately severed Love's friendship with Ruddiman. In May 1749 Love published anonymously 'A Vindication of Mr. George Buchanan, in two parts,' 8vo, Edinburgh, which produced in the ensuing July a pamphlet in reply from Ruddiman. When Love died, Ruddiman wrote a sympathetic notice of him in the 'Caledonian Mercury.'
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lound, Thomas

​LOUND, THOMAS (1802–1861), amateur painter, born in 1802, was a member of a large firm of brewers at Norwich. He was, however, devoted to art, and spending his spare time in landscape-painting, attained great excellence in that art. He is said to have had lessons from John Sell Cotman [q. v.], and his works show a careful study of those by John Crome and David Cox the elder. He especially excelled in river-views, though he did some good architectural drawings. Many of his best pictures are of scenery near Cromer. He also painted much of the scenery in Wales and Yorkshire during his summer vacations. His application to his business caused him to be little known outside Norwich, though he was an occasional exhibitor at the Royal Academy and British Institution in London. In Norwich, where he was a prolific exhibitor, his works were much appreciated. A water-colour drawing by him of Framlingham Castle is in the South Kensington Museum. Lound died of apoplexy at his residence in King Street, Norwich, on 18 Jan. 1861.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Norwich Mercury, 23 Jan. 1861; Gent. Mag. 1861, pt. i. p. 468.]
L. C.