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# Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book VI/Hymn 71

71. Against harm from improper food.
[Brahman.—āgneyam: 3. vāiçvadevī. jāgatyam: 3. triṣṭubh.]
Found also in Pāipp. ii. (in the verse-order i, 3, 2), and vs. i a second time in xx. ⌊For Yajus versions of vss. 1 and 3, see v. Schroeder's Zwei Hss., p. 16, and Tübinger Kaṭha-hss., p. 77.⌋ Used by Kāuç. (45. 17), with iii. 29, vii. 67, etc., in a rite (following the vaçāçamana), explained as for obviating ill effects from acceptance of gifts and the like; also (57. 29), in the upanayana, accompanying an offering by the pupil from the food obtained by begging. And Vāit. (4. 16) has it in the parvan sacrifice, as the priest eats his portion.
Translated: Ludwig, p. 433; Grill, 66, 165; Griffith, i. 284; Bloomfield, 196, 494.—See also Bergaigne-Henry, Manuel, p. 152.
1. What food of various form I eat oftentimes (bahudhā́)—gold, horse, also cow, she-goat, sheep, just whatsoever I have accepted—let Agni the offerer (hótar) make that well-offered.
Ppp. has, in c, kiṁ cit, and for d, a. t. viçvād agadaṁ k. TA. (ii. 6. 2$^{12}$) has pādas a, b, c as a, b, d of a verse of five pādas: in b it inserts vā́sas (Ppp. vāusu) before híraṇyam and omits (not Ppp.) áçvam after it; after b it inserts yád devā́nāṁ cákṣuṣy ā́go ásti; in c it contracts -jagráhā ’hám into -jagrāhám; and it ends with agnír mā tásmād anṛṇáṁ kṛṇotu. The comm. (unless it is a misprint) reads jagrāha in c. The last pāda is x. 9. 26 d. The first two vss. are mixed jagatī and triṣṭubh.
2. Whatever, offered [or] unoffered, hath come to me, given by the Fathers, assented to by human beings (manuṣyà), what my mind is as it were excited at—let Agni the offerer make that well-offered.
The comm. reads rārajītu in c, but explains it as an indicative. The mss. are divided between manuṣyāìḥ (which both editions give) and -yāíḥ at the end of b (our Bp.P.M.H.T.K. have the latter). Ppp. inserts yat after hutam in a. ⌊W. has here overlooked a part of R's note, which (if I understand him) means that our vs. 2 continues in Ppp. thus: (b) yasmād anna manaso ’drārajīmi, (c, a corruption of TA's c given under vs. 1 above) yad devānāṁ cakṣuṣākaçīnā, (d) ’gniṣ etc.⌋
3. What food I eat unrighteously, O gods, and promise, intending to give [or] not intending to give—by the greatness of the great Vāiçvānara let [it] be propitious honeyed food for me.
# Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book VI/Hymn 72

72. For virile power.
[Atharvān̄giras.—çepo ‘rkadcvatyam. ānuṣṭubham: 1. jagatī; 3. bhurij.]
Found also in Pāipp. xx. Used by Kāuç. (40. 16, 17) in a rite for sexual vigor, with an amulet. The arka-thread spoken of in 16 may find its explanation in the peculiarity reported by Roxburgh (Flora Indica, ii. 31): "A fine sort of silky flax is in some parts prepared from the bark of the young shoots."
Translated: Griffith, i. 474.—Cf. iv. 4; vi. 101.
1. As the black snake spreads himself at pleasure, making wondrous forms (vápus), by the Asura's magic (māyá), so let this arid suddenly make thy member altogether correspondent (? sáṁsamaka), limb with limb.
The comm. reads sitas instead of asitás in a, and explains it as 'a man that is bound.' He takes arka as 'an amulet of arka-tree' (Calotropis gigantea, of which various medicinal use is made). In d he reads saṁ samagam and paraphrases the latter with 'of like going' (samānagamana). The Petersburg Lexicon conjectures for sáṁsamaka 'joined to one another.' The verse is mixed triṣṭubh and jagatī.
2. As the member of the tayādara is made big by the wind—as great as is the member of the párasvant, so great let thy member grow.
What creature the parasvant is is unknown (Pet. Lex. "perhaps the wild ass"); the tayādara is yet more obscure, being mentioned only here. The comm. reads tāyodaram, and defines the tayodara as 'a kind of animal'; the bha of sthūlabha he takes as representing a verbal root: sthāulyena bhāsamānam.
3. As much of a limb as is that of the párasvant, that of the elephant, and that of the ass—as great as of the vigorous (vājín) horse, so great let thy member grow.
The comm. reads and explains yāvad an̄gīnam at the beginning as two independent words; the metrical irregularity, as well as the anomalousness of the word as a derivative and compound, suggest emendation to yā́vad án̄gam (an̄gam = pasas). ⌊Cf. Pischel, Ved. Stud., i. 83, with reference to the ass.⌋
The seventh anuvāka, having 11 hymns and 34 verses, ends here; and the mss. quote the old Anukr. to this effect: catasṛbhir adhikas tu saptamaḥ syāt.
# Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book VI/Hymn 66

66. For success against enemies.
[Atharvan (?).—cāndram utāi ”ndram, ānuṣṭubham: 1. triṣṭubh.]
Found also in Ppp. xix. ⌊but confused with h. 65⌋. Used by Kāuç. (14. 7) in a battle rite with the preceding hymn, which see; and reckoned to the aparājita gaṇa.
Translated: Ludwig, p. 372; Griffith, i. 281.
1. Handless be the assailing foe—they who come with armies to fight us; make them, O Indra, collide with the great weapon; let their evildoer (? aghahārá) run (drā), pierced through.
The comm. to SV. explains aghahāra by atipratyavara; ours, by maraṇalakṣaṇasya duḥkhasya prāpayitā.
2. Ye who run (dhāv) stringing [the bow], drawing [the arrow] (ā-yam), hurling—handless are ye, O foes; Indra hath now demolished you.
⌊For ā-yam, cf. vi. 65. 1.⌋ Our text reads at the end -çarāit, on the authority of Bp.E.I.R.T. and O.; all SPP's authorities ⌊save his B., which has -çarīn⌋ give -çarīt, which he has accordingly rightly adopted, as the better supported as well as the regular form ⌊cf. vi. 75. 1⌋. Ppp. has parā ’çarī. ⌊With regard to these āi-forms, see the note to vi. 32. 2.⌋ SPP., contrary to his usual practice, retains the ḥ of çatravaḥ before sth-. The comm. has stana in c. ⌊"Demolished" stands in rapport with "demolisher" of 65. 1.⌋
3. Handless be the foes; their limbs we make to relax (mlā); then will we, O Indra, share among us their possessions hundred-fold.
All our mss. but one (D.), and nearly all SPP's, read çatravas, vocative, in a; both texts emend to çát-.
# Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book VI/Hymn 70

70. To attach a cow to her calf.
[Kān̄kāyana.—āghnyam. jāgatam.]
Not found in Pāipp. Used by Kāuç. (41. 18) in a rite for producing mutual attachment between cow and calf.
Translated: Grill, 65, 165; Griffith, i. 283; Bloomfield, 144, 493.
1. As flesh, as strong-drink, as dice on the gambling-board; as of a lustful man the mind is fastened (ni-han) on a woman—-so let thy mind, O inviolable one (aghnyā́), be fastened on thy calf.
The verses are six-pāda jagatī (6 × 8 = 48). ⌊The stanza is wrongly numbered.⌋
2. As the elephant strains foot with foot of the she-elephant; as of a lustful man etc. etc.
The obscure first line is with intention rendered obscurely; the Petersburg Lexicon conjectures 'hastens after, step with step,' which then Grill follows. The comm. takes udyujé as = unnamayati, "bends up, for love (premṇā), her foot with his foot."
​3. As the felly (pradhí), as the rim (upadhí), as the nave upon the felly; as of a lustful man etc. etc. ⌊See p. xcii.⌋
The first line is again obscure, both in its internal relations and in its relation to the refrain (in this resembling 1 a, b). BR. define upadhi as 'the part of the wheel between the felly and nave,' but this ought to be arās 'the spokes': the comm. explains it as 'the circle, bound together by the felly, that is the binder together of the spokes' (nemisambaddhaḥ arāṇāṁ sambandhako valayaḥ)—i.e. a sort of rim inside the felly. Probably a solid wheel, without spokes, is had in view. We should expect some other preposition than adhi 'on' to express the relation of the nave to the felly.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Raddi, Giuseppe

Edition of 1900.
​RADDI, Giuseppe (rad-dee), Italian botanist, b. in Florence, Italy, 9 July, 1770; d. on the island of Rhodes, 6 Sept., 1829. He was apprenticed to a druggist, but obtained employment in the Museum of natural history of Florence. The grand duke, Ferdinand III., afterward became his protector, and in 1817 sent him to Brazil to study the cryptogams of the country. Raddi explored the basins of Orinoco and Amazon rivers, and formed a collection of plants and animals. In 1828 he was appointed a member of the commission that was charged with studying the Egyptian hieroglyphs under the direction of Champollion, but he was taken sick and died in Rhodes on his return to Florence. His works include “Crittogame Brasiliane” (2 vols., Florence, 1822); and “Plantarum Brasiliensium nova genera et species novae vel minus cognitæ” in which he described 156 new species of ferns, etc. (1825). Leandro de Sacramento (q. v.) gave the name of Raddia Raddica to a cryptogamous plant, and Candolle has retained the name in his classification of the American flora.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Pyrlæus, John Christopher

Edition of 1900.
​PYRLÆUS, John Christopher, German missionary, b. in Pausa, Voigtland, in 1713; d. in Herrnhut, Saxony, 28 May, 1779. He studied at the University of Leipsic in 1733-'8, entered the ministry of the Moravian church, and was sent to Pennsylvania in 1740. He engaged in the study of the Mohawk and Mohican languages, and in 1744 organized a school for the instruction of missionaries in these dialects. In 1745 his first translations of hymns into Mohican appeared. He returned to Europe in 1751. His contributions to the department of American philology, for which his high scholarship well qualified him, were “A Collection of Words and Phrases in the Iroquois or Onondaga Language explained into German”; “Affixa Nominum et Verborum Linguæ Macquaicæ,” with which are bound Iroquois vocabularies; and “Adjectiva, Nomina et Pronomia Linguæ; Macquaicæ, cum nonnullis de Verbis, Adverbiis, ac Præpositionibus ejusdem Linguæ.”
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Quay, Matthew Stanley

Edition of 1900.
​QUAY, Matthew Stanley, senator, b. in Dillsburg, York co., Pa., 30 Sept., 1833. He was graduated at Jefferson college, Pa., in 1850, began his legal studies at Pittsburg, and was admitted to the bar in 1854. He was appointed prothonotary of Beaver county in 1855, in 1856 elected to the same office, and re-elected in 1859. In 1861 he resigned his office to accept a lieutenancy in the 10th Pennsylvania reserves, and he was subsequently made assistant commissary-general of the state with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. Afterward he was appointed private secretary to Gov. Andrew G. Curtin, and in August, 1862, he was commissioned colonel of the 134th Pennsylvania regiment. He was mustered out, owing to impaired health, 7 Dec., 1862, but participated in the assault on Marye's Heights, 13 Dec., as a volunteer. He was subsequently appointed state agent at Washington, but shortly afterward was recalled by the legislature to fill the office of military secretary, which was created by that body. He was elected to the legislature in October, 1864, in 1865, and 1866, and in 1869 he established and edited the Beaver “Radical.” In 1873-'8 he was secretary of the commonwealth, resigning to accept the appointment of recorder of Philadelphia, which office he resigned in 1879. In January, 1879, he was again appointed secretary of the commonwealth, filling that post until October, 1882, when he resigned. In 1885 he was elected state treasurer by the largest vote ever given to a candidate for that office, and in 1887 was chosen to the U. S. senate, and was in 1893 re-elected for a second term.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Quetzalcohuatl

Edition of 1900.
​QUETZALCOHUATL (ket-zal-co-wat'-tle), king of the Toltecs, lived about the sixth century. According to Brasseur de Bourbourg (q. v.), in his “Histoire des nations civilisées du Mexique,” a personage with long hair reaching to the waist, and a pale visage, who gave his name as Cecalt-Quetzalcohuatl, landed one morning at Panuco. He pretended to come from an eastern country of which nobody had heard before, and was accompanied by a troop of architects, painters, and scientists. Proceeding immediately to Tollantzingo, he built a magnificent temple and an underground palace, and was elected king of Tollan, the nations of the Anahuac valley receiving him as a messenger of God. His reign lasted twenty years, and proved beneficial to the people, several nations asking to be admitted in the confederacy, till Huemac, king of Aculhuacan, allied with the dissatisfied priests, overthrew the monarchy. Quetzalcohuatl retired to the valley of Huitzilapan, where he founded the city of Cholula, which later became the seat of a powerful republic. Some years afterward Cholula was also taken by Huemac, and Brasseur de Bourbourg asserts that Quetzalcohuatl died during his flight from Cholula. But other historians say that, after retiring from Tollantzingo, Quetzalcohuatl reached the coast of Campeche and founded Xicalanco on an island of the lagoon de Terminos, whence, after some years, he retired again to his fabulous country, while his followers emigrated to Central America and founded the new city of Tollan near Ococingo in Chiapas.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Raffeneau-Delile, Alyre

Edition of 1900.
​RAFFENEAU-DELILE, Alyre (raf-no-deh-leel). French physician, b. in Versailles, 23 Jan., 1778; d. in Montpellier, 5 July, 1850. He engaged in the study of plants under Jean Lemonnier, was in the Paris medical school in 1796, and, being attached in 1798-1801 to the scientific expedition that was sent to Egypt, became manager of the agricultural garden at Cairo. In 1802 he was appointed French vice-consul at Wilmington, N. C., and also asked to form an herbarium of all American plants that could be naturalized in France. He sent to Paris several cases of seeds and grains, and discovered some new graminea and presented them to Palissot de Beauvois (q. v.), who described them in his “Agrostographie.” Raffeneau made extensive explorations through the neighboring states, and, resigning in 1805, began the study of medicine in New York. During an epidemic of scarlet fever he was active in visiting the tenements of the poor, and in 1807 he obtained the degree of M. D. Returning to France, he was graduated as doctor in medicine at the University of Paris in 1809, and in 1819 appointed professor of botany in the University of Montpellier, which post he held till his death. His works include, besides those already cited, “Sur les effets d'un poison de Java appelé l'upas tieuté, et sur les differentes espèces de strychnos” (Paris, 1809); “Mémoire sur quelques espèces de graminées propres à la Caroline du Nord” (Versailles, 1815); “Centurie des plantes de l'Amérique du Nord” (Montpellier, 1820); “Flore d'Égypte” (5 vols., Paris, 1824); “Centurie des plantes d'Afrique” (Paris, 1827); and “De la culture de la patate douce, du crambe maritima et de l'oxalis crenata” (Montpellier, 1836).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Quesnel, Dieudonné-Gabriel Louis

Edition of 1900. No confirmation of this person's existence outside of Appletons' and derived sources has as yet been located, but there is also no verifiable source which states the person is one of Appletons' fictitious entries. Use this information with extra caution. Suspicious due to spelling errors in the titles of the alleged literary works. There is also mention of his military service in Tobago in 1780, but the French invaded Tobago on April 24, 1781, and occupied the island on May 2, 1781.
​QUESNEL, Dieudonné-Gabriel Louis, (kay-nel), South American botanist, b. near Cayenne in 1749; d. in Cayenne in 1801. He received his education in France, served for several years in the army, and fought at Tobago in 1780. After the conclusion of peace he returned, with the brevet of major, to his estate in Guiana, and, at the suggestion of Malouet (q. v.), established a model farm, and adopted new methods of cultivation. For several years he carried on his agricultural experiments, but, unwise management proving detrimental to his fortune, he abandoned agriculture and became a traveller. He explored French Guiana and the northern provinces of Brazil, and formed an important herbarium, which is now deposited in the museum of Cayenne. Among his works are “Herbier expliqué des plantes de la Guiane” (2 vols., Cayenne, 1792); “Description de la flore Guianaise” (1795); and “Journal de voyage à travers les Pampas” (1796)..
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Quesnel, Joseph

Edition of 1900.
​QUESNEL, Joseph, author, b. in St. Malo, France, 15 Nov., 1749; d. in Montreal, Canada, 3 July, 1809. After finishing his studies, he shipped on board a man-of-war, visited Pondichery and Madagascar, travelled in Africa, and after three years returned to France. After resting a few months, he set out for French Guiana, and afterward visited several islands of the Antilles and explored part of Brazil. He then travelled in the valley of the Mississippi, and finally decided on settling in Canada. He married in Montreal, and resided in Boucherville. In 1788 he wrote “Colas et Colinette,” a vaudeville, which was played for the first time in Montreal. He followed with “Lucas et Cecile,” an operetta, “L'Anglomanie,” a comedy in verse, and “Républicans Français,” in prose, which was afterward published in Paris. Besides several songs, he composed sacred music for the parish church of Montreal, and some motets, and wrote a short treatise on the dramatic art (1805). The writings of Quesnel are in the first volume of the “Répertoire national.”
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Raff, George Wertz

Edition of 1900.
​RAFF, George Wertz, author, b. in Tuscarawas, Stark co., Ohio, 24 March, 1825; d. in Canton, Ohio, 14 April, 1888. He was chiefly self-educated. From 1848 till 1850 he was clerk of the supreme court, Stark county, and he was judge of the probate court in 1852-'5, and was a member of the city council and board of education in Canton, Ohio. He founded, in 1887, the Central savings-bank of Canton, of which he was president until his death. His publications are “Guide to Executors and Administrators in Ohio” (Cleveland, 1859); “Manual of Pensions, Bounty and Pay” (Cincinnati, 1862); “The Law relating to Roads and Highways in Ohio” (1863); and the “War Claimant's Guide” (1866).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Rafn, Karl Christian

Edition of 1900.
RAFN, or RAVN, Karl Christian (rown), Danish archaeologist, b. in Brahesborg, Funen island, 16 Jan., 1795; d. in Copenhagen, 20 Oct., 1864. His father, a man of education and refinement, cultivated a farm on his ancestral estate, and sent his son to Odense, and in 1814 to the University of Copenhagen, where he was graduated in jurisprudence and then served as lieutenant in the light dragoons at Funen, devoting his leisure to the study of Norse literature, and engaging in researches on the ancient history and literature of the Scandinavian countries. He taught Latin in the Military school in 1820, became in 1821 deputy librarian of the Royal library of Copenhagen, and was one of the founders in 1825 of the Society for northern antiquities, having for its object the collection and publication of ancient manuscripts throwing light on the history of the Scandinavian peoples, of which he was the secretary till his death. While assistant in the library of the university, he undertook a critical revision of all the inedited Norwegian and Icelandic manuscripts in the collection. He studied especially the ancient Sagas and the expeditions of the Icelanders to North America. Gov. Arnold's “Old Mill”
|} ​at Newport, which is represented in the illustration, he considered a relic of one of their colonies. Many honors were bestowed upon him. In 1828 he was made a knight of the order of Danebrog and also held the title of Etatsraad, or state councillor. Of his works, which number about 70 volumes, the best known is “Antiquitates Americanæ” (1837), which has been translated into various languages. In this he holds that America was discovered by Norsemen in the 10th century, and that from the llth to the 14th century the North American coast had been partially colonized as far as Massachusetts and Rhode Island, and that the Vikings had been as far south as Florida. He gives an account of the discovery of the “Skalholt Saga,” a Latin manuscript dated 1117, found in the ruins of Skalholt college, which describes a voyage along the coast of North America southward from Vinland (Massachusetts) to a point where the explorers repaired their ships and then sailed northward until stopped by numerous falls, which they named Hvidsaerk, and there buried the daughter of Snorri, who was killed by an arrow. The locality was supposed to be the Chesapeake bay, and the falls those of the Potomac river. His works include “Nordische Helden-Geschichten” (3 vols., Copenhagen, 1825-'30); “Krakumal, seu Epicedion Rognaris Lodbroci. regis Daniæ” (1826); “Fornaldar Sagner Nordlanda” (3 vols., 1829-'30); “Fareginga Sagu” (1832); “Antiquitates Americanæ” (1837); and “Gröenlands Historiske Mindesmaerker,” in conjunction with Frim and Magnussen (1838-'45).
# Aviation Accident Report: American Airlines Flight 320/Appendix C

APPENDIX "C"
# Aviation Accident Report: American Airlines Flight 18-39

Adopted June 5, 1942
File No. 177-42
REPORT OF THE CIVIL AERONAUTICS BOARD of the Investigation of an Accident Involving Aircraft in Scheduled Air Carrier Operation
An accident, which resulted in minor damage to a Douglas DC-3 airplane, at NC 18143, owned and operated by American Airlines, Inc., occurred at about 12:00 midnight on February 17, 1942, at La Guardia Airport, New York. None of the nine passengers or the crew of three was injured. The crew consisted of Captain Charles E. Rickards, First Officer Clyde H. Proper, both of whom were properly certificated and appropriately rated, and a stewardess, E. McNaul.
The flight, designated by American as Trip 18-39 of February 17, originated at Boston, Massachusetts, with New York, New York, as its destination. The trip was uneventful until the plane was nearing the ground for a landing at the completion of its trip. Just as it passed over the flood lights at the edge of La Guardia Airport at an altitude of about 60 feet and with an air speed of approximately 100 m.p.h., it collided with a bird which broke the right center windshield about 3 inches from the center post. A portion of the bird's body came through the windshield and was later found on the cockpit floor. The captain was leaning over to operate the flap valve when the bird struck the windshield and the first officer, who was at the controls, saw the bird strike and had time to dodge. The vision of both pilots was unaffected and Proper completed the landing without further incident.
American Airlines has instituted a program of altering all windshields by installing glass of greater thickness. This installation is being made as rapidly as glass of the proper quality (ripple free) can be obtained.
PROBABLE CAUSE: Presence of a bird in approach path of plane.
BY THE BOARD
/s/ Darwin Charles Brown
Secretary
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Andrea del Sarto

ANDREA DEL SARTO (CALLED "THE FAULTLESS PAINTER") By Robert Browning Publication Date: 1855
The text of the poem has been taken from the University of Toronto's on-line Representative Poetry.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse