# Early Man in Britain and His Place in the Tertiary Period

EARLY MAN IN BRITAIN
AND
HIS PLACE IN THE TERTIARY PERIOD
BY
W. BOYD DAWKINS, M.A., F.R.S., F.G.S., F.S.A.
CURATOR OF THE MANCHESTER MUSEUM, AND PROFESSOR OF GEOLOGY AND PALÆONTOLOGY IN OWENS COLLEGE, MANCHESTER
ILLUSTRATED BY WOODCUTS
London
MACMILLAN AND CO.
1880
[The Right of Translation and Reproduction is reserved.]
Printed by R. & R. Clark, Edinburgh
PREFACE.
In my work on "Cave-hunting," published in 1874, I endeavoured to clear the way for the present enquiry into primæval man, his growth in culture, his conditions of life, and his relation to history; and I found it necessary to treat of cave-exploration in detail, before I could venture to grapple with the difficulties inherent in a work which treats of the borderland of geology, archæology, and history. In dealing with them, I have to acknowledge my debt to the writings of Sir Charles Lyell, Sir John Lubbock, Mr. John Evans, Dr. Thurnam, and Mr. Franks in this country; to Professors Gaudry, Steenstrup, Capellini, and Drs. Broca, Virchow, Wiberg, Rütimeyer, Forsyth Major on the Continent, as well as to many contributors to the scientific periodicals of France, Switzerland, Italy, and Germany, and more especially to the valuable memoirs in the Comptes Rendus du Congrès International d'Anthropologie et d'Archéologie Préhistoriques. I have also used the materials accumulated in some of my own Essays published in the Edinburgh and Fortnightly Reviews, and in the Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society. I have attempted more ​particularly to prepare myself for the present enquiry, by the examination of the more important Museums in France and Italy, and of some of those in Germany and Switzerland.
Among many friends who have aided me in various ways, my thanks are more particularly due to Mr. A. E. Dobbs for revising the proofs; to Dr. R. Angus Smith, and Messrs. R. D. Darbishire, John Evans, J. F. Philips, A. W. Franks, Worthington, G. Smith, and Marcus M. Hartog, for assistance of various kinds in the letterpress. For the use of many wood blocks, I have also to thank Messrs. Cheadle, Pengelly, Gardner, Greenwell, Evans, Mello, Franks, Parker, Williams and Norgate, General Lane Fox, and Professor Daniel Wilson, as well as the Councils of the Geological Society of London, of the Society of Antiquaries, and of the Plymouth Institution. And lastly, I have to thank Mr. Rowe, a young and promising artist, for the care with which he has represented the groups of Eocene, Meiocene, and Pleiocene life.
In laying this book before my readers, I am conscious of its many defects, arising to some extent from the nature of the subject, and from the swiftness with which our knowledge of Early Man is being enlarged by new discoveries.
W. B. D.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
THE RELATION OF GEOLOGY TO ARCHÆOLOGY AND HISTORY.
CHAPTER II.
BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL CHANGES IN BRITAIN BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF MAN.—THE EOCENE PERIOD.
CHAPTER III.
BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL CHANGES IN BRITAIN BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF MAN.—THE MEIOCENE PERIOD.
CHAPTER IV.
BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL CHANGES IN NORTH-WESTERN EUROPE BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF MAN.—THE PLEIOCENE PERIOD.
CHAPTER V.
BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL CHANGES IN BRITAIN AT THE TIME OP THE ARRIVAL OF MAN.
CHAPTER VI.
THE RIVER-DRIFT HUNTER OF THE PLEISTOCENE AGE AND HIS SURROUNDINGS.
CHAPTER VII.
THE CAVE-MAN AND THE ADVANCE IN CULTURE.
CHAPTER VIII.
THE ARRIVAL OF THE PREHISTORIC FARMER, AND THE HERDSMAN.— THE NEOLITHIC CIVILISATION.
CHAPTER IX.
THE NEOLITHIC INHABITANTS OF BRITAIN OF IBERIAN RACE.
CHAPTER X.
THE FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURE.—THE BRONZE AGE.
CHAPTER XI.
THE INTRODUCTION OF BRONZE, AND OF THE BRONZE CIVILISATION, INTO EUROPE.
CHAPTER XII.
THE PREHISTORIC IRON AGE NORTH OF THE ALPS.
CHAPTER XIII.
THE OVERLAP OP HISTORY.
CHAPTER XIV.
BRITAIN IN THE HISTORIC PERIOD.—CONCLUSION.
APPENDICES.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1929, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 94 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
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