OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Roß

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Roß. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Roß (1.), neuter, ‘horse, steed,’ from Middle High German and Old High German ros (genitive rosses), neuter, ‘horse,’ especially ‘charger,’ for earlier *hrossa-; compare Old Saxon hross, Dutch ros, Anglo-Saxon hors, English horse, Old Icelandic hross, neuter, ‘horse.’ Gothic *hrussa- is wanting, the term used being Old Aryan aíhwa- (Old Saxon ëhu, Anglo-Saxon eoh, Old Icelandic jór), equivalent to Latin equus, Greek ἵππος, Sanscrit áçva-s (Lithuanian aszvà, ‘mare’). In Middle High German the term Pferd appears; Roß is still used almost exclusively in Upper German with the general sense of ‘horse.’ From the Teutonic cognates is derived the Romance term, French rosse, ‘sorry horse, jade,’ The origin of Teutonic hrussa- is uncertain; as far as the meaning is concerned, it may be compared, as is usually done, with Latin currere for *curs-ere, *cṛs-ere, root kṛs, ‘to run,’ or with the Sanscrit root kûrd, ‘to leap,’ with which Old Icelandic hress, ‘quick,’ may also be connected. For another derivation see rüsten —
​ Roß (2.), neuter, ‘honeycomb,’ from the equivalent Middle High German râȥ, râȥe, feminine; Old High German *râȥa is by chance not recorded; corresponding to Old Low German râta, ‘favus,’ Dutch raat, feminine, ‘virgin honey’; undoubtedly a genuine Teutonic term. The derivation from Latin radius is unfounded; Old French raie de miel (from raie, ‘ray,’ radius) is due to the influence of the Teutonic word, in Gothic *rêta, feminine, which cannot, however, be traced farther back.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rotte

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Rotte. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rotte, feminine, from the equivalent Middle High German rotte, rote, feminine, ‘troop, detachment’; borrowed in the Middle High German period from Old French rote, ‘division of an army, troop,’ whence also English rout (Middle English route), Dutch rot. The Old French term is derived from Middle Latin rutta, rupta; compare Reuter.
# An Essay towards a Real Character, and a Philosophical Language

Monday 13$^{th.}$ of April 1668.
At a Meeting of the Council of the Royal Society:
Ordered,
BROUNCKER Presi.
An Essay
Towards a
REAL CHARACTER,
And a
PHILOSOPHICAL
LANGUAGE.
By John Wilkins D.D. Dean of Ripon, And Fellow of the ROYAL SOCIETY.
LONDON,
Printed for Sa: Gellibrand, and for JOHN MARTIN Printer to the ROYAL SOCIETY, 1668.
* Epistle
* To the Reader
* Errata
THE
CONTENTS.
Layout 2
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Mahl

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​ Mahl (1.), n., obsolete except in compounds; Mahlschatz, m., ‘dowry,’ from MidHG. mahelschaz, m., ‘dowry,’ and espec. ‘engagement ring’; Mahlstatt, ‘place of public assembly or of execution,’ MidHG. mahelstat, f., ‘court of justice, place of execution,’ OHG. mahalstat, f., ‘court of justice.’ See Gemahl.
Mahl (2.), n., ‘meal, repast,’ from MidHG. mâl, n., ‘banquet, meal-time’; OHG. *mâl, n., not recorded in this sense; allied to MidE. mœ̂l, E. meal (wanting in AS.). Probably identical in orig. with the cognates discussed under mal (2), so that ‘mealtime,’ as ‘time’ par excellence, may have led to the meanings ‘banquet, repast.’ OIc. mál, n., also signifies, among other things, ‘meal-time.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Mais

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Mais | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Mais, n., ‘maize,’ ModHG. only, a recent word in the ModEurop. languages, of American origin (mahis in Hayti); comp. Fr. mais, E. maize, and Span. maiz. Columbus is said to have imported the corn and its name.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Majoran

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​ Majoran, m., ‘marjoram,’ in MidHG. meigramme, m., and also meiron, meieron, ‘marjoram.’ From MidLat. majorana; the MidHG. words seem to be based in sound on meie, ‘May.’ Comp. Ital. majorana, Fr. marjolaine, E. marjoram; the last two have also been corrupted?. The ultimate source of the- word is Gr. ἁμάρακον, whence Lat. amaracus and majoracus (based on major).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Makel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Makel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Makel, m., ‘stain, blot,’ from late MidHG. mâkel, m., which was borrowed from Lat. macula, ‘spot.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Mahd

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Mahd | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Mahd, f., ‘mowing, swath,’ from MidHG. mât (gen. mâdes), n. (also f.), ‘mowing, what has been mown, hay, meadow,’ OHG. mâd, n.; hence OHG. mâdâri, MidHG. mâdœre, mœder, ModHG. Mähder, ‘mower’; AS. mœ̂þ, n., ‘mowing, what has been mown, hay,’ E. math in aftermath and lattermath. HG. Mahd, and E. math, Goth. *mêþ (gen. *mêþis), are properly verbal abstracts of the root mê, ‘to mow,’ just as the cognate Gr. ἄμητος, ‘harvest,’ is derived from ἁμάω, ‘I mow’; comp. also ἀμητός, ‘crop, the field when reaped.’ See Grummet, Matte, and Omet. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Mahr

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Mahr | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Mahr, m., from the equiv. MidHG. mar, mare, m. and f., ‘incubus, nightmare,’ OHG. mara, f.; comp. AS. mara, m., E. mare in nightmare, OIc. mara, f., ‘incubus.’ The derivation from Goth. marzjan, ‘to vex,’ OHG. marren, męrren, ‘to hinder, disturb,’ is scarcely possible. Some etymologists connect the word with Slav.-Russ. kikimora, ‘ghost,’ Pol. mora, Bohem. můro, ‘nightmare.’ From Mahr, Fr. cauchemar, ‘nightmare,’ has also been derived (caucher, from Ital. calcare, ‘to tread, press’).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Mai

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Mai | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Mai, m., from the equiv. MidHG. meie, OHG. meio, m., ‘May.’ Borrowed from Lat. Mâjus (comp. Ital. maggio, Fr. mai), ‘May,’ at the same period as August, März, and Jänner (old form for Januar).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Maid

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Maid | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Maid, f., ‘maid, servant,’ from MidHG. meit. See Magd.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Maie

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Maie | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Maie, m., ‘green boughs for adornment,’ from late MidHG. meie, m., ‘birch tree,’ whence Ital. majo, Fr. mai, ‘green boughs, maypole’; identical with Mai.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Maische

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Maische | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Maische, see Meische.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Darre

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Darre | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Darre, f., ‘kiln for drying fruit, malt, &c.,’ from the equiv. MidHG. darre, OHG. darra, f.; akin to MidLG. darre, Swed. (dial.) tarre: like dörren, dürr, from an OTeut. root þers, pre-Teut. ters, upon which are based ModHG. Durst, dürsten, with a specialised meaning. The root ters appears in Gr. τέρσομαι, ‘to become dry,’ τερσαίνω, ‘to dry’; in relation to ModHG. Darre the equiv. ταρσός and ταρσία, ‘hurdle for drying fruit,’ deserve special notice. The words connected with the root ters are cited under Durst, since they, like Durst, have been similarly restricted in meaning, Lat. torreo, for *torseo, corresponds in form and idea to ModHG. dörren; comp. further Lat. torris, ‘firebrand,’ torridus, ‘parched.’ From Teut. þarrian, Fr. tarir, ‘to dry up,’ is derived. See dörren, dürr, Durst.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Dattel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Dattel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Dattel, f., ‘date’ (fruit), from MidHG. datel, tatel, tatele, f.; from Rom., — Fr. datte, Ital. dattilo; the primary source of which is Gr. δάκτυλος, ‘date’ (comp. Attich).; hence too Du. dadel, E. date.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Dechant

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Dechant | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Dechant, m., ‘dean,’ from MidHG. dëchent, tëchant(d), MidHG. and OHG. tëchân from Lat. dĕcânus, whence also Ital. decano, Fr. doyen (E. dean).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Degen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Degen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Degen (1.), m., ‘valiant warrior’; it is not etymologically a sort of figurative sense of Degen (2.), though the tendency of ModHG. is to regard it thus, in such expressions as alter Haudegen, ‘a practised swordsman,’ &c. While Degen, ‘sword,’ first appears in the 15th cent., Degen, ‘hero,’ is an OTeut. word, which is wanting in Goth. (*þigns) only. Comp. OHG. dëgan, AS. þëgn, ‘retainer, attendant,’ E. thane (from þegn); MidHG. dëgen, ‘hero.’ There is to phonetic difficulty in connecting these cognates (Goth. þigna-, from teknó-), as is usually done, with Gr. τέκνον, ‘child’; the difference in sense may be paralleled by AS. magu, ‘boy, son, servant, man.’ But since þëgn was already an established technical term in the OTeut. system, we must in preference regard ‘vassal’ as the primary sense of the word. We have too in Goth. þius (stem þiwa-) for þigwá-, ‘servant, attendant’ (AS. þeó, þeów, OHG. diu; see Dirne and dienen), a more suitable connecting link. Moreover, þëgn, Degen, would, if cognate with τέκνον, be related to τίκτω, ‘to give birth to,’ τοκεύς, ‘begetter,’ τόκος, ‘birth,’ and Sans. takman, ‘child.’
Degen (2.), m., ‘sword,’ first occurs in late MidHG. see Degen (1.); from Fr. dague, ‘dirk.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Daumen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Daumen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Daumen, m., ‘thumb,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and MidLG. dûme, OHG. dûmo, m.; comp. Du. duim, AS. þûma, E. thumb; OIc. þumall, þumalfingr. The same deriv. with the suffix l is seen, but with a change of meaning, however, in AS. þŷmel, E. thimble (Goth. *þûma). This word ‘thumb’ is consequently common to the Teut. group; even the other fingers had each its special name in the OTeut. period. The AS. terms middefinger, midlesta finger, se goldfinger, se lîtla finger, are in complete accord with ModHG. Mittelfinger (middle-finger), Goldfinger (ring-finger), and der kleine Finger (the little-finger), respectively. These terms are not formed, therefore, like Daumen from an old independent stem; in this way Daumen is proved to be primit., though etymologically it is not quite clear; the pre-Teut. form may have been *tûmon, perhaps akin to tŭmeo, ‘to swell’?. In that case Daumen would be equiv. to ‘swollen finger’; comp. also Sans. tumrá-s, as ‘greasy, fat, vigorous,’ and tûtuma-s, ‘strong,’ Zend tûma, ‘strong,’ with Lat. tum-eo. Gr. τυΐλος, τύλη(ū̆), ‘callosity, swelling, knob, hump,’ are based upon a root tū̆, while the Lat. cognates point to tū̆m. The orig. sense of both may have been ‘to swell, be thick.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Daune

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Daune | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Daune, Dune, f., ‘down,’ ModHG. only, from the equiv. LG. dûne, f.; comp. OIc. dúnn, m., E. down. Hence the initial dental proves that the ModHG. word is of LG. origin, for since the Scand. and Eng. words begin with d, a genuine HG. word would necessarily have an initial t. The ​origin of Scand. dúnn is obscure. See Eider, Flaum.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Daube

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​ Daube, f., akin to the equiv. MidHG. dûge, f., ‘stave’; the ModHG. b compared with MidHG. g shows that the modern word cannot be a continuation of the MidHG. form. UpGer. has preserved the word dauge, corresponding to MidHG. dûge; comp. Du. duig, ‘stave.’ OIc. þûfa, f., ‘entrenchment, rampart,’ does not appear to be related. In Rom. is found a word phonetically allied and equiv. in meaning — Fr. douve, ‘stave’ (but also ‘moat’; hence this is connected with the OIc. word quoted); it was most likely borrowed from Du. or LG. The Scand. þùfa and the MidHG. dûge look very much like Teut. words whether they are allied or not. We cannot possibly derive MidHG. dûge from Gr. δοχή, ‘receptacle.’ Respecting the permutation of b (f) and g, see Traube.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Daus

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​ Daus, n., ‘deuce (of dice), ace (of cards),’ from MidHG. dûs, tûs, with the same meanings; late OHG. dûs. From a Rom. word originating in the Lat. duo; OFr. dous (ModFr. deux, Prov. duas, from Lat. *duos for duo), whence E. deuce. Dice-playiug was a favourite amusement even among the Teutons described by Tacitus (Germ. 24); unfortunately, however, we can gather nothing from his brief remarks as to the details and technical terms (but see gefallen, Hund, Sau) of the OTeut. game; this words died out at an early period, and with the new games from the South new Rom. words have been introduced. See Aß, Treff, doppeln.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Decher

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​ Decher, m., ‘a tale of ten hides,’ from the equiv. MidHG. tëcker, dëcher, m. n.; borrowed by MidHG. from Lat. decuria.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Decke

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​ Decke, f., ‘cover, ceiling, disguise,’ from MidHG. dęcke, f., ‘cover, covering, covering up’; OHG. dęchî, related to the following word.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schrein

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schrein. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schrein, masculine, ‘box, chest. shrine, coffin,’ from Middle High German schrîn, masculine and neuter, ‘chest for clothes, money, or valuables, coffin,’ Old High German scrìni, neuter; compare the corresponding Dutch schrijn, Anglo-Saxon scrîn, English shrine, Scandinavian skrín. From Romance and Latin scrînium, ‘box, case for papers, &c., escritoire,’ whence also Italian scrigno, ‘clothes-press,’ French écrin, ‘casket.’ The diffusion of the term through the old West Teutonic languages makes it probable that the Latin word was borrowed at an early period, — contemporaneously with Arche, Kiste and Sack?.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schrot

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schrot. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schrot, neuter, ‘block, log of wood, shot, groats,’ from Middle High German schrôt, masculine, ‘cut, incision, piece cut or sawed off,’ Old High German scrôt, ‘cut’; allied to schroten, Middle High German schrôten, Old High German scrôtan, ‘to hew, cut, cut off, hack to pieces,’ Middle High German also ‘to cut out clothes’ (whence schrôtœre, ‘tailor,’ and the proper name Schröter), ‘to roll, revolve.’ Compare Scandinavian skrjôðr, ‘torn book,’ Anglo-Saxon screádian, ‘to cut,’ English to shred, to which also Anglo-Saxon scrûd, ‘dress,’ English shroud, are allied. Root skrū̆d from skrū̆t?. With this is connected Latin scrûtari, ‘to examine,’ to which Anglo-Saxon scrudnian and Old High German scrotôn, ‘to examine,’ are allied?. Modern High German Hornschröter, ‘horn-beetle,’ from Middle High German schrœtel, literally ‘gnawer.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schub

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schub. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schub, masculine, ‘shove, push, thrust,’ from Middle High German schup, masculine; allied to schieben.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schrei

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schrei. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schrei, masculine, ‘cry, scream,’ from Middle High German schrî, schrei, Old High German screi, masculine. ‘cry, call, shout,’ allied to schreien, Middle High German schrîen, Old High German scrîan, strong verb, ‘to cry out.’ The strong verbal root skrī̆, which is without doubt genuinely Teutonic, is wanting in the other Old Teutonic dialects.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schrift

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schrift. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schrift, feminine, ‘writing, letters, inscription,’ from Middle High German schrift, Old High German skrift, feminine, a verbal abstract from schreiben, connected with Latin scriptum.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schrulle

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schrulle. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schrulle, feminine, ‘freak, whim,’ early Modern High German only, allied to Dutch schrollen, ‘to revile, be discontented.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schuft

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schuft. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schuft, masculine, ‘wretch, rascal, scamp,’ Modern High German only, formed from Low German schuft, Dutch schoft, which is usually derived from Low German schuf ût, ‘thrust out’; compare Dutch schavuit, ‘rascal,’ literally ‘scrape out’; hence Schuft, literally ‘offscouring’?.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schreck

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schreck. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schreck, masculine, ‘fright, terror, scare,’ from Middle High German schrëcke, masculine, allied to schrecken, verb, from Middle High German schrëcken, Old High German scrëcchôn, ‘to start up, spring up, spring, leap'; the early sense (compare the evolution in meaning of sich entsetzen) is preserved in the compound Heuschrecke. From this verb comes the causative schręcken, ‘to cause to spring up, terrify.’ In connection with the intensive form Old High German scrëcchón, compare further Old High German scricch, Middle High German schric(ck), masculine, ‘starting up suddenly, fright'; Dutch schrikken, ‘to frighten,’ Scandinavian skrika, ‘to glide.’ The root is essentially High German.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schritt

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schritt. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schritt, masculine, ‘step, stride, gait,’ from the equivalent Middle High German schrit, Old High German scrit, masculine; a ​verbal abstract from schreiten; in Old High German also scriti-mâl, -mëȥ.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schrunde

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schrunde. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schrunde, feminine, ‘cleft, gap, crevice,’ from Middle High German schrunde, feminine, ‘rift, notch, rocky cave’; compare the equivalent Old High German scrunta, scruntunna, Allied to Old High German scrintan, Middle High German schrinden, ‘to burst, fly open, crack.’ Teutonic root skrend, from Pre-Teutonic skrent; compare Lithuanian skrentu (skręsti), ‘to form into a crust.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Siele

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​ Siele, f., ‘brace, strap,’ from the equiv. MidHG. sile, OHG. silo; the latter is allied to the root sī̆, ‘to bind,’ in Seil; on the MidHG. variant sil are based ModHG. Sill, n., and Sille, f.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Sigrist

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​ Sigrist, m., ‘sexton, sacristan,’ from the equiv. MidHG. sigriste, OHG. (also OLG.) sigristo; borrowed during the OHG. period contemporaneously with Priester, predigen, and especially with Küster and Meßner, from Lat. sacrista, whose MidLat. variant segrista(nus) leads to OFr. segretain (in ModFr. sacristain, Ital. sagrestano, E. sexton).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Simmer

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Simmer | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Simmer, n. ‘half a bushel,’ for earlier ModHG. and MidHG. sümmer, whose variants sümber, sumber (sümbrîn), lead to OHG. sumbir (sumbrîn). ‘basket.’ The suffix în occurs in several terms denoting vessels (see Kessel); the syllable ber in MidHG. sümber recalls Eimer and Zuber.