OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/können

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry können. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ können, preterite present, ‘to be able,’ from Middle High German kunnen, Old High German chunnan, preterite present (singular kan, plural kunnum, preterite konsta), properly ‘to be capable intellectually, know, be acquainted with, understand,’ then also ‘to be able, be in a position (to).’ Anglo-Saxon cunnan (singular can), preterite present, ‘to be acquainted with, know, be able,’ English can; Gothic kunnan (singular kann, plural kunnum), preterite present, ‘to be acquainted with, know.’ In the earlier periods the verbal stem können had exclusively an intellectual sense in contrast to that of mögen, vermögen. Besides the stem kann- preserved in the verb kunnan (compare also Gothic kunnan, ‘to recognise,’ Anglo-Saxon cunnian, ‘to explore, attempt,’ see also Kunst, kund, and kennen), there exists in the Old Teutonic languages a verbal stem which may be represented in Gothic as *knê, *knô; Anglo-Saxon cnâwan, ‘to recognise, know,’ English to know; Old High German irchnâan, bichnâan, ‘to recognise’; Old High German úrchnât, feminine, ‘perception’ (Gothic *knêþs, feminine, is wanting); the Old High German nominal verb irchnuodilen, ‘to become perceptible,’ points to a Gothic *knôþla-, ‘knowledge.’ The three Teutonic stems kann, knê, knô occur in the non-Teutonic languages, Greek and Latin gnô in γιγνώσκω (ἔ-γνω-ν), ‘to recognize,’ γνῶσις, ‘knowledge,’ Latin gno-sco, nô-tus, nô-tio; Old Slovenian znają, znati, ‘to recognise’; Old Irish gnáth, ‘acquainted.’ Indian forms a present from a root *jan, the preterite from a root jnâ, jânãmi, jajnáu (compare participle jnâtá), ‘to know’; the Teutonic root kann from gen-n appears in Lithuanian żinaú, ‘to know, recognise, perceive,’ pa-żintis, ‘knowledge,’ Zend â-zaiñti, feminine, ‘information,’ Old Irish ad-géin, perfect, ‘cognovit.’ This wide ramification of the closely allied Aryan root gen, gnô, ‘to recognise, know,’ is generally recognised, but its connection with the root gen, ‘to beget, bring forth,’ and the variants gnâ-, gnô-, discussed under Kind, König, and kennen, is problematical. Both seem to be united in Anglo-Saxon cennan, ‘to bring forth,’ and ‘to generate,’ Greek γνωτός, ‘related by blood,’ and ‘discernible, known.’ The distinction, however, between the physical and intellectual senses of the word must have been made previous to the division of languages, since it exists in all the Aryan groups. Compare kühn.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/krönen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry krönen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ krönen, ‘to crown,’ from Middle High German krœnen and a denominative from Krone; thus it is not Latin coronare, to which Old High German chrônôn more accurately corresponds.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/kucken

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry kucken. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ kucken, see gucken.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Knöchel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Knöchel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Knöchel, masculine, from the equivalent Middle High German knöchel, knüchel,. masculine, ‘knuckle’; diminutive of Knochen, Middle High German knoche; Anglo-Saxon cnucel, Middle English knokil, English knuckle, and the equivalent Dutch knokkel.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Koch

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Koch. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Koch, masculine, ‘cook,’ from the equivalent Middle High German koch, Old High German choh(hh); compare Dutch and Old Saxon kok, ‘cook’; adopted before the High German permutation of consonants, at latest in the 6th century (contemporaneously with Küche), when the art of cookery and horticulture were introduced from Italy; the word is based on Latin coquus, or more accurately on the form koko- (compare Italian cuoco). The word passed into English in a different form — Anglo-Saxon côc, English cook, where the ô, compared with High German and Latin ŏ, is due to a change of quantity in an open syllable (compare Schule and Kuchen); on the other hand, the ŏ of the High German word is probably derived from the verb kochen. The earlier Teutonic word for kochen is sieden; an Old Teutonic word for ‘cook’ is wanting. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Knöterich

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Knöterich. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Knöterich, masculine, ‘knot-grass’; found only in Modern High German.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Koben

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Koben. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Koben, masculine, ‘hovel,’ from Middle High German kobe, masculine, ‘stable, pigsty, cage’; the Modern High German variant Kofen is derived, as the f indicates, ​from Low German. The word had originally a more general sense, and was not restricted merely to a shed for animals and pigs. Even in Modern High German the earlier meaning ‘hut’ is found; compare Middle High German kobel, ‘narrow house'; Icelandic kofi, masculine, ‘hut, penthouse, partition.’ In Anglo-Saxon the corresponding cofa is specially used as a choice poetic term for ‘apartment, bed-chamber’; hence English cove and pigeon-cove. Gothic *kuba, on which these words are based, is wanting. The word is genuinely Teutonic, as is proved by Old High German chubisi (Gothic *kubisi), ‘hut,’ which, from its form, is a derivative of a far earlier period; compare also Middle High German kober, ‘basket, pocket,³ Anglo-Saxon cofl, ‘basket.’ See Kobold and Kübel.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Knäuel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Knäuel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Knäuel, masculine and neuter, ‘clew,’ from Middle High German kniuwel, kniulîn, kniul, neuter, ‘small clew or ball’; the n by differentiation represents l on account of the final l (see Knoblauch); Middle High German kliuwel, kliuwelîn, dimins. of Middle High German kliuwe, neuter, ‘clew, ball’; ​Old High German chliuwelîn, diminutive of chliuwa, chliwa, feminine, ‘ball, clew’; Anglo-Saxon cleówe, clŷwe, neuter, Middle English cleewe, English clew; also Anglo-Saxon cleówen, clŷwen, masculine like Middle German klûwen, Dutch kluwen, ‘skein.’ Old High German also kliwi, kliuwi, neuter, Middle High German kliuwe, neuter, ‘clew.’ A richly developed nominal stem peculiar to West Teutonic; the Gothic form is probably *kliwi (kliujis), neuter or *kliujô, neuter; the root klū̆, by gradation klē̆u, appears also perhaps in Klaue (Gothic *klêwa), which in that case was so called from its contracting; compare Latin gluere, ‘to contract,’ glûma, ‘husk,’ also Sanscrit glâus, ‘bale,’ hence Aryan root glu. Latin glŏbus and glŏmus are not connected with this word.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Knödel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Knödel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Knödel, masculine, ‘dumpling,’ from Middle High German knödel, masculine, ‘seed-bud, dumpling’; diminutive of Middle High German knode, ‘knot,’ discussed under Knoten.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Knüttel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Knüttel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Knüttel, masculine, from the equivalent Middle High German knütel, knüttel, Old High German chnutil, masculine, ‘cudgel,’ properly ‘stick or string with knots’; allied to Knoten.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kobold

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Kobold. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kobold, masculine, ‘goblin,’ from Middle High German kóbolt, with the variant kobólt, masculine, ‘fantastic familiar spirit, goblin.’ As the genuinely Teutonic household deities, the Kobolde may be regarded as equivalent to the Anglo-Saxon cofgodu, cofgodas, ‘penates, lares’ (unfortunately Anglo-Saxon *cofold or *cofweald, ‘household deity,’ literally ‘protector of the bedchamber,’ is not recorded); in Gothic probably *kubawalda-. The first component is Old Icelandic kofe, Anglo-Saxon cofa, ‘apartment, chamber’ (see Koben). The Middle High German and Modern High German variants Oppold and Opolt may have been *ôtwalt, Gothic *audawald, ‘Lord of wealth’; the old ôt, ‘wealth,’ has been retained only in proper names like Ottofar, Otfried (Eduard, English Edward). For the ending -old see under Herold and walten.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Knüppel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Knüppel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Knüppel, masculine, ‘wooden bar, stick, cudgel,’ from Low German; in Middle High German knüpfel, masculine, ‘cudgel,’ was used. It is connected with Middle High German knopf, ‘knot on plants.’ See Knopf.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kobalt

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Kobalt. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kobalt, masculine, ‘cobalt,’ Modern High German only; of uncertain origin, probably equivalent to Kobold.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Horn

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Horn | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Horn, n., ‘horn, peak,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. horn, n.; comp. Goth. haúrn, OIc. horn, AS. and E. horn, OFris. horn, Du. horen; a common Teut. word for ‘horn,’ cognate with Lat. cornu, and Ir., W., and Corn. corn (κάρνον την σάλπιγγα Τάλατας, Hesychius); allied to Gr. κέρ-ας, ‘horn,’ with a different suffix (comp. also Teut. Hirsch, lit. ‘horned animal’), as well as the equiv. Sans. çrñ-ga. See further respecting the Aryan root ker under Hirn. Comp. Hahnrei.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Hort

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hort | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hort, m. (like Halle, Heim, and Gau, revived in the last cent., after being long forgotten, by the study of MidHG.), from the equiv. MidHG. hort, m., OHG. hort, n., ‘hoard’; OSax. hord (horth), n., ‘treasure,’ also ‘hidden, innermost room,’ AS. hord, n. and m., ‘treasure, store,’ E. hoard; Goth. huzd, ‘treasure,’ OIc. hodd, n., hoddr, m., ‘treasure.’ Teut. hozda-, from ​Teut. kuzdhó- for kudhto-, partic. ‘that which is hidden’ (comp. Gr. κεύθω, see also Hütte, Haus), Gr. κύσθος, any ‘hollow,’ espec. ‘pudenda muliebria.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Huf

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Huf | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Huf, m., from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. huof (gen. huoves), m., ‘hoof’; comp. OSax. hôf, m., AS. hôf, E. hoof, Du. hoef, OIc. hófr. Goth. *hofs, m., ‘hoof,’ is by chance not recorded. Teut. hôfa-, from pre-Teut. *kôpo-, to which is allied OSlov. kopyto, n., ‘hoof’ (akin to kopati, ‘to dig’); others derive hôfa- from pre-Teut. kôpho- and compare it with OInd. çaphá, Zend saƒa, ‘hoof.’ Compared with both these explanations, the derivation of Huf from heben must be rejected.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Hornung

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hornung | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hornung, m., ‘February,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. hornunc(g); the termination -ung is patronymic; February is regarded as the offspring of January, which in earlier ModHG. (dial.) is designated by großer Horn, ‘great horn,’ in contrast with February, kleiner Horn, ‘little horn.’ Comp. AS. and OIc. hornung, ‘bastard’?.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Hube

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hube | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hube, see Hufe.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Hornisse

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hornisse | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hornisse, f., ‘hornet,’ from the equiv. MidHG. hôrniȥ, hórnū̆ȥ (early ModHG., also Hornauß), OHG. hórnaȥ, hórnū̆ȥ, m.; comp. AS. hyrnet, E. hornet; probably not a derivative of Horn. The Slav. and Lat. words for ‘hornet’ point rather to a Goth. *haurznuts, based upon a root horz, Aryan kṛs (Ind. *çṛs); Lat. crâbro, ‘hornet,’ for *crâsro, OSlov. srŭšenĭ, Lith. szirszone, ‘hornet.’ They point to an old Aryan root kṛs, ‘hornet’; with this comp. OSlov. srŭša, Lith. szirszu̇, ‘wasp.’ A trace of this medial s is retained in Du. horzel, ‘hornet’ (Goth. *haursuls), to which horzelen, ‘to hum,’ is allied.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Hose

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hose | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hose, f., ‘hose, stocking, breeches,’ from the equiv. MidHG. hose, OHG. hosa, f.; comp. AS. hosu, E. hose, and the equiv. OIc. hosa; Goth. *hŭsô is by chance not recorded. ‘Hose’ was originally (in OHG., MidHG., AS., and OIc.) applied to a covering for the legs reaching from the thigh, or even from the knee only, and often also to stockings and gaiters. Considering the numerous correspondences in Kelt. and Rom. the Teut. term is certainly original; the Teut. words found their way into Kelt. (Corn. hos, ‘ocrea’), and Rom. (OFr. hose). The connection of Hose with OSlov. košulja, f., ‘shirt,’ is dubious.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Hufe

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hufe | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hufe (LG. form), Hube (UpG. form), f., from the equiv. MidHG. huobe, OHG. huoba, f., ‘hide of land’ (about 30 acres), so still in OSax. hóƀa, f. (in E. an independent word is found from the earliest period — AS. hŷd, E. hide). Cognate with Gr. κῆπος, ‘garden’; the common type is kâpos.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Horst

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Horst | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Horst, m., ‘shrubbery, eyrie,’ from MidHG. hurst, (MidG.) horst, OHG. hurst, horst, f., ‘shrubbery, copse, thicket’; MidE. hurst, ‘hill, copse,’ E. hurst; of obscure origin.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Hub

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hub | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hub, m., ‘heaving, lift, impetus,’ ModHG. only, allied to heben.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rost

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Rost. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rost (1.), masculine, ‘grate, gridiron,’ from Middle High German rôst, masculine, ‘grate, funeral pile, glow, fire,’ Old High German rôst, masculine, rôsta, feminine, ‘small gridiron, frying-pan,’ The current derivation from Rohr, in which case we should have to assume ‘iron grating’ as the primitively sense of Rost, does not satisfy the meaning (Old High German rôstpfanna, Middle High German rôstpfannue). Derivative rösten, ‘to roast, broil,’ Middle High German rœsten, Old High German rôsten, ‘to lay on the gridiron, roast’; hence the Romance cognates, Italian arrostir, ‘to roast,’ French rôtir, and from this again comes English to roast.
Rost (2.), masculine, ‘rust, mildew, blight,’ from Middle High German and Old High German rost, masculine, ‘rust, aerugo, rubigo’; corresponding to the equivalent Old Saxon rost, Dutch roest, Anglo-Saxon rûst, English rust (Scotch roost), For Gothic *rū̆sta-, ‘rust,’ nidwa, feminine, was used. Rost belongs to the Teutonic root rū̆d (pre-Teutonic rudh), ‘to be red,’ appearing in Modern High German rot. From the same root was formed the equivalent Old High German rosamo, which assumed early in Middle High German the meaning ‘freckle,’ as well as Old Icelandic ryð, neuter, Middle High German rot, masculine and neuter, Old Slovenian rŭzda (for rudja), feminine, Lithuanian rûdis (rudė́ti, ‘to rust’), Latin robigo, ‘rust’; also Lettic rûsa, ‘rust,’ rusta, ‘brown colour.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rotz

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Rotz. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rotz, masculine, ‘mucus, snot,’ from the equivalent Middle High German roz, rotz, Old High German roz, earlier hroz, masculine and neuter, formed from a Teutonic root hrū̆t (Aryan krud); compare Old High German rûȥan, Anglo-Saxon hrûtan, ‘to snore, snort,’ Old Icelandic hrjóta. It can scarcely be compared with Greek κόρυζα, ‘cold, catarrh.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rose

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Rose. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rose, feminine, ‘rose,’ from the equivalent Middle High German rôse, Old High German rôsa, feminine; compare the equivalent Dutch roos, Anglo-Saxon rŏse, English rose; adopted in the Old High German period from Latin rŏsa. Had the word been borrowed earlier, the Latin quantity would have been retained in German (in Lilie, from Latin lîlia, the vowel was shortened, because lĭlja was the pronunciation in Middle Latin). Latin *rôsa is, however, implied also by the Romance cognates, Italian rosa and French rose. A Latin ŏ must have led in Old High German to the form *ruosa; compare Old High German scuola, ‘school,’ from Latin scŏla.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rosine

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Rosine. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rosine, feminine, ‘raisin,’ from the equivalent late Middle High German rôsîne (rasin), feminine; the latter, like Middle Latin rosina, is a corruption of French raisin (sec, ‘raisin’), which, with Italian racimolo, ‘bunch of grapes,’ is due to. Latin racêmus, ‘berry’; compare further Dutch rozijn, razijn, English raisin.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rotwelsch

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Rotwelsch. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rotwelsch, ‘jargon, cant,’ from Middle High German rôtwalsch, ‘sharpers' language, gibberish,’ allied to rôt, ‘red-haired, deceptive’? rôt, ​‘false, cunning,’ frequently occurs in Middle High German.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rolle

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Rolle. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rolle, feminine, ‘roll, roller, pulley, scroll, actor's part,’ from Middle High German rolle, rulle, feminine, ‘rotulus,’ also rodel, rottel, masculine and feminine, ‘scroll, list, document’; formed from Middle Latin rotulus, rotula, or rather the corresponding Romance cognates. Compare Italian rotolo, rullo, French rôle; whence also English to roll, Middle High German and Modern High German rollen, French rouler, Italian rullare.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rosmarin

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Rosmarin. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rosmarin, masculine, ‘rosemary,’ first occurs in early Modern High German, formed from the equivalent Latin rosmarinus, whence also Dutch rozemarijn and Middle English rosmarine, English rosemary (implying a connection with Mary); the word in ​German and English is instinctively connected with Rose, ‘rose.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rohrdommel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Rohrdommel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rohrdommel, feminine, ‘bittern,’ from the equivalent Middle High German rôrtumel, masculine; the word has been variously corrupted in Old High German and Middle High German, finally resulting in the Modern High German form. In Old High German occur horo-tukel, horotumil, literally ‘mud, slime tumbler’ (*rôrtumil is not found in Old High German). Middle Dutch roesdomel; Anglo-Saxon has a remarkable form, râradumbla, with the same meaning. The wide diffusion of these cognates, transformed in various ways by popular etymology, but closely resembling one another in sound, leaves to doubt as to their genuine Teutonic origin. The usual assumption that they are all corruptions of Latin crecopulus, cretobolus, onocrotalus won't bear investigation.