OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Newton, Charles James Franklin

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​NEWTON. (Commander, 1838. f-p., 26; h-p., 9.)
Charles James Franklin Newton was born in 1799.
This officer entered the Navy, 4 March, 1812, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Egmont 74, Capt. Joseph Bingham, in which ship, during a servitude of seven months and a half, part of the time in the capacity of Midshipman, he was employed at the blockade of Flushing, the Texel, and Cherbourg, and in cruizing among the Western Islands. Joining next, in Dec. 1813, the Niger 38, Capt. Peter Rainier, he visited the Cape of Good Hope, the Brazils, and coast of Africa, and, among other vessels, assisted, in company with the Tagus 36, at the capture of the French 40-gun frigate Cérès, off the Cape de Verde Islands, 6 Jan. 1814. In Sept. 1815 he removed to the Vengeur 74, Capt. Thos. Alexander, at Portsmouth; and he subsequently, between March, 1816, and the date of his promotion to the rank of Lieutenant, 4 May, 1821, served, on the Home station, in the Pelican 16, Capt. Robt. Lisle Coulson, and Ganymede 20 and Severn 40, both commanded by Capt. Wm. M‘Culloch. His commission was presented to him at the instance of the Commander-in-Chief at Chatham, as a reward for his conduct in having, on 21 of the preceding Feb., attacked, with the present Lieut. Edw. Digby, an overwhelming body of armed smugglers at Brookland, in Kent, and captured two of the principal among them, one of whom was executed. In the course of the same year Mr. Newton, who had been wounded, was presented with a sword by the committee at Lloyd’s for saving the crew of a vessel wrecked on Dungeness beach. His appointments as Lieutenant were – 22 Sept. 1821, to the Brisk 10, Capts. Edw. Stewart and Adolphus FitzClarence, on the Home Station – 12 April, 1824, for a few months, to the Infernal bomb, Capt. Robt. Heriott Barclay, part of the time under Sir Harry Burrard Neale, in his demonstration before Algiers, where he had charge of a rocket-boat – 10 April, 1826, to the Prince Regent 120, successive flag-ship of Sir Robt. Moorsom and Hon. Sir Henry Blackwood, at Chatham – 11 May, 1832 (two years after he had left the Prince Regent), and 12 July, 1833, as a Supernumerary, to the Spartiate 76, Capt. Robt. Tait (flag-ship for some time of Sir Michael Seymour), and Dublin 50, Capt. Lord Jas. Townshend, both in South America – and, 25 Feb. 1834, to the Challenger 28, Capt. Michael Seymour, on the same station, whence he returned in 1835. He attained his present rank 28 June, 1838, and was afterwards employed, from 4 July, 1839, until the summer of 1844, in the Coast Guard; and from 14 Dec. in the latter year until paid off in July, 1847, in command of the Lily 16, on the coast of Africa.
Commander Newton married, in 1830, the only daughter of D. H. Day, Esq., of Wilmington Hall, co. Kent, by whom he has issue two children.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Newton, James

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​NEWTON. (Lieut., 1815. f-p., 13; h-p., 27.)
James Newton died 29 July, 1845.
This officer entered the Navy, 15 June, 1805, as Third-cl. Vol., on board the Puissant 74, Capt. John Irwin, lying at Spithead. Removing, as Fst.-cl. Vol., in July, 1807, to the Horatio of 46 guns and 270 men, Capt. Geo. Scott, he visited Quebec and Halifax, and then proceeded to the West Indies, where, in company with the Latona 38, and Supérieure and Driver sloops, he assisted at the capture, 10 Feb. 1809, of La Junon French frigate, of 46 guns and 323 men, after a close and sanguinary action of three hours, attended with a loss to the Horatio of 7 killed and 26 wounded, to her antagonist of 130 killed and wounded. On 21 Feb. 1810, having attained the rating of Midshipman, he further aided in making prize, at the close of a long chase, and of a running fight of one hour, of La Nécessité, pierced for 40 guns, but not mounting more than 28, with a complement on board of 186 men, and laden with naval stores and provisions from Brest, bound to the Isle of France. Between the following Oct. and June, 1815, he was cmployed on the Home, Baltic, West India, and North American stations, in the Aimable 32, Capt. John Chas. Woolcombe, Thisbe 28, Capt. Wm. Rogers, Bellette 18, Capt. David Sloane, and Asia 74 and Tonnant 80, flag-ships of Hon. Sir Alex. Cochrane, whom he accompanied in the expedition against New Orleans. On leaving the Tonnant, as above, he took up a commission bearing date 2 March, 1815. His last appointment was, 3 Sept. 1818, to the Driver 18, Capt. Chas. Hope Reid, in which vessel he served for about three years on the Leith station.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Carter, Elizabeth

​Carter, Elizabeth (1717-1806).—Miscellaneous writer, b. at Deal, dau. of a clergyman. Originally backward, she applied herself to study with such perseverance that she became perhaps the most learned Englishwoman of her time, being mistress of Latin, Greek, Hebrew, and Arabic, besides several modern European languages. She was also well read in science. She translated Epictetus 1758, and wrote a small vol. of poems. She was the friend of Dr. Johnson and many other eminent men. She was of agreeable and unassuming manners.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Cary, Alice and Phoebe

​Cary, Alice (1820-1871), and Phœbe (1824-1871).—Were the dau. of a farmer near Cincinnati. The former wrote Clovernook Papers and Clovernook Children, and other tales, and some poems. The latter wrote poems and hymns. Both sisters attained considerable popularity.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Cave, Edward

​Cave, Edward (1691-1754).—Publisher, b. near Rugby, started in 1731 The Gentleman's Magazine, for which Dr. Johnson was parliamentary reporter from 1740. He pub. many of Johnson's works.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Carlyle, Alexander

​Carlyle, Alexander (1722-1805).—Autobiographer, s. of the Minister of Cummertrees, Dumfriesshire, was ed. at Edin. and Leyden, and entering the Church became Minister of Inveresk, and was associated with Principal Robertson as an ecclesiastical leader. Hs was a man of great ability, shrewdness, and culture, and the friend of most of the eminent literary men in Scotland of his day. He left an autobiography in MS., which was ed. by Hill Burton, and pub. in 1860, and which is one of the most interesting contemporary accounts of his time. His stately appearance gained for him the name of "Jupiter" C.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Carte, Thomas

​Carte, Thomas (1686-1754).—Historian, b. near Rugby, and ed. at Oxf., took orders, but resigned his benefice at Bath when required to take the oath of allegiance to George I. He was sec. to Francis Atterbury (q.v.), and was involved in the consequences of his conspiracy, but escaped to France, where he remained until 1728. After his return he pub. a life of the Duke of Ormonde (1736), and a History of England to 1654 in 4 vols. (1747-54), the latter a work of great research, though dry and unattractive in style.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Catlin, George

​Catlin, George (1796-1872).—Painter and writer, b. at Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania, practised for some time as a lawyer, but yielding to his artistic instincts he took to painting. He spent the 7 years, 1832-39, among the Indians of North America, of whom he painted about 500 portraits. He became thoroughly acquainted with their life, and pub. an interesting work, Illustrations of the Manners, etc., of the North American Indians (1857). His later years were spent chiefly in Europe.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Carruthers, Robert

​Carruthers, Robert (1799-1878).—Journalist and miscellaneous writer, b. in Dumfriesshire, was for a time a teacher in Huntingdon, and wrote a History of Huntingdon (1824). In 1828 he became ed. of the Inverness Courier, which he conducted with great ability. He ed. Pope's works with a memoir (1853), and along with Robert Chambers (q.v.) ed. the first ed. of Chambers's Cyclopædia of English Literature (1842-44). He received the degree of LL.D. from Edin.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Cartwright, William

​Cartwright, William (1611-1643).—Dramatist, s. of a gentleman of Gloucestershire, who had run through his fortune and kept an inn at Cirencester, ed. at Westminster School and Oxf., entered the Church, was a zealous Royalist, and an eloquent ​preacher, and lecturer in metaphysics. He also wrote spirited lyrics and four plays. He was the friend of Ben Jonson, H. Vaughan, and Izaak Walton. He d. at Oxf. of camp fever. Among his plays are The Royal Slave, The Siege, and The Lady Errant. His virtues, learning, and charming manners made him highly popular in his day.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Cary, Henry Francis

​Cary, Henry Francis (1772-1844).—Translator, was b. at Gibraltar, and ed. at Oxf., where he was distinguished for his classical attainments. His great work is his translation of the Divina Commedia of Dante (1805-1814), which is not only faithful to the original, but full of poetic fire, and rendered into such fine English as to be itself literature apart from its merits as a translation. He also translated from the Greek. C., who was a clergyman, received a pension in 1841.
# A Voyage of Discovery and Research in the Southern and Antarctic Regions/Table of Contents

CONTENTS
OF
THE FIRST VOLUME.
CHAPTER I.
Page 1
CHAPTER II.
25
CHAPTER III.
Page 39
CHAPTER IV.
63
CHAPTER V.
95
CHAPTER VI.
Page 128
CHAPTER VII.
165
CHAPTER VIII.
Page 209
CHAPTER IX.
265
CHAPTER X.
301
Appendix to Volume 1 (not listed in Table of Contents)
LIST OF PLATES AND MAPS
IN
THE FIRST VOLUME.
| Christmas Harbour, Kirguelen Island | (Frontispiece.) |
| Chart of Victoria Land | Page 1 |
| Nine Pin Rock, Trinidad. | Chap. I. |
| St. Paul's Rocks (Map) | p. 17 |
| Entrance to Christmas Harbour. | Chap. II. |
| Arched Rock, Christmas Harbour. | Chap. IV. |
| Christmas Harbour (Map) | p. 90 |
| Rossbank Observatory. | Chap. V. |
| Mount Minto and Mount Adam. | Chap. VI. |
| Rendezvous Harbour (Map) | p. 153 |
| South or Perseverance Harbour (Map) | p. 156 |
| Possession Island, Victoria Land. | Chap VII. |
| Mount Sabine and Possession Island | p. 183 |
| Coulman Island | p. 199 |
| Cape Crozier and Mount Terror. | Chap. VIII. |
| Beaufort Island and Mount Erebus | p. 216 |
| South Polar Barrier | p. 232 |
| Wilkes's Discoveries (Plan) | p. 352 |
Volume 2
CONTENTS
OF
THE SECOND VOLUME.
CHAPTER I.
Page 1
CHAPTER II.
33
CHAPTER III.
65
CHAPTER IV.
Page 91
CHAPTER V.
125
CHAPTER VI.
155
CHAPTER VII.
​Exploration of the Barrier.—Bear up for the Falkland Islands.—Strength of the Bay Ice.—Running to the Northward.—Aurora Australis.—Meteorological Abstract for February
Page 181
CHAPTER VIII.
213
CHAPTER IX.
241
CHAPTER X.
279
CHAPTER XI.
​—Beauchêne Island.—Anchor in Port Louis.—English Barque, Governor Halkett.—Her Majesty's Ship Philomel.—Trees from Hermite Island planted.—Result of Observations.—Tides.—Permanent Marks to indicate the Mean Level of the Ocean
Page 303
CHAPTER XII.
321
CHAPTER XIII.
355
* Appendix 1
* Appendix 2
* Appendix 3
* Appendix 4
* Appendix 5
* Appendix 6
* Appendix 7
* Appendix 8
* Appendix 9
* Appendix 10
LIST OF PLATES AND MAPS
IN
THE SECOND VOLUME.
| The Collision | (Frontispiece.) |
| Cape Horn. | Chap. I. |
| Seal Hunting. | Chap. II. |
| Catching Great Penguins. | Chap. IV. |
| Pushing through the Pack. | Chap. VI. |
| A Gale in the Pack | p. 169 |
| The Erebus passing through the Bergs | p. 220 |
| Tussac Grass of Falkland Islands. | Chap. VIII. |
| Hunting Wild Cattle in the Falkland Islands. | Chap. IX. |
| Mount Kater, Hermite Island. | Chap. X. |
| Balsam-bog Plant. | Chap. XI. |
| Cockburn Island and Admiralty Inlet. | Chap. XII. |
| Deep Soundings. | Chap. XIII. |
| Louis Philippe Land (Map) | p. 329 |
| Mount Haddington and Cape Gage | p. 387 |
| South Polar Chart | (at the end.) |
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Robinson, Charles Gepp

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​ROBINSON. (Captain, 1846. h-p., 28; h-p., 0.)
Charles Gepp Robinson was born 3 Dec. 1805 at Appledore House, co. Devon.
This officer entered the Navy, 13 May, 1819, on board the Hasty, on the North Sea station. From 1821 until 1826 he was employed, in the Leven 24, Capt. Wm. Fitzwilliam Owen, on a survey of the east and west coasts of Africa. He was one of a very few in the expedition who ever returned to England. On 30 Sept. 1826 he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant, and in the course of the following year he again, in the Eden 26, sailed with Capt. Owen for the coast of Africa, for the purpose of forming a settlement at Fernando Po, in the Bight of Biafra, where every gun-room officer but himself fell a victim to the climate. While on this service he was chiefly employed in a tender in cruizing after slavers, three vessels of which description he succeeded in capturing. The “prompt zeal” he displayed on one occasion in proceeding to sea under peculiar circumstances in the Horatio schooner had the effect of procuring him, in Jan. 1828, the thanks of the Government of Sierra Leone. Since 25 March, 1829, he has been employed, almost uninterruptedly, in the Surveying Department of the Navy. Until April, 1835, he served (with his name on the books of the Caledonia, Foudroyant, and San Josef), as Assistant to Capt. Henry Mangles Denham, on the coast of Wales. He was then placed in charge of the Survey on the Welsh coast, whence he afterwards repaired to the coast of Scotland. Having attained the rank of Commander 28 June, 1838, he was appointed in that capacity, 13 Dec. 1842, to the Gleaner steam-vessel, fitting at Woolwich. From 31 Jan. 1843 until paid off at the close of 1847 he commanded the Shearwater steamer of 160 horsepower, again on the coast of Scotland. He was employed during that period in attendance on the Queen on the occasion of one of Her Majesty’s visits. He attained his present rank 9 Nov. 1846; and was appointed, 14 Feb. 1848, Additional-Captain of the San Josef 110. Agents – Case and Loudonsack.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Robinson, John Delancey

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​ROBINSON. (Lieut., 1823. f-p., 18; h-p., 15.)
John Delancey Robinson is youngest son of the late Colonel Robinson.
This officer entered the Navy, 19 Aug. 1814, as Fst.-cl. Boy, on board the Maeander 44, Capts. John Bastard and Arthur Fanshawe; in which ship, bearing the flag for some time of Hon. Chas. Elphinstone Fleeming, he served off the coast of Portugal and in the Mediterranean until the autumn of 1816 – latterly in the capacity of Midshipman. He was next, for upwards of five years, employed in the Conqueror and Vigo 74’s, flag-ships of Rear-Admirals Robt. Plampin and Robt. Lambert at St. Helena; whence, in 1822, he returned to England in the Samarang 28, Capt. John Norman Campbell. On 16 June, 1823, five months after he had joined the Tyne 28, bearing the flags of Sir Chas. Rowley and Sir Edw. W. C. R. Owen in the West Indies, he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant in the Hyperion 42, Capt. Jas. Lillicrap. He had, previously to that event, assisted in the boats of the Tyne at the capture of a piratical vessel. His last appointments were – 5 April, 1824, to the Wellesley 74, Capt. Graham Eden Hamond, lying at Portsmouth – 6 Nov. following, to the Herald 10, Capts. Henry John Leeke, Augustus Wm. Jas. Clifford, Edw. Wm. Corry Astley, and Geo. Berkeley Maxwell, under whom he was, for upwards of five years, employed on a variety of particular services – and, 24 Aug. 1832, to the Coast Guard, in which service he remained until 1836.
Lieut. Robinson married, 10 Aug. 1836, Frances Ann, only daughter of Sam. Waring, Esq., of Grove Cottage, Dulwich, and the Oaks, Norwood, Surrey.- Agents – Hallett and Robinson.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Robinson, James Charles

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​ROBINSON. (Lieutenant, 1838.)
James Charles Robinson entered the Navy 15 March, 1820; passed his examination in 1826; and obtained his commission 28 June, 1838. His appointments have since been – 20 Sept. 1838 and 3 April, 1839, to the Grecian 16 and Electra 18, Capts. Wm. Smyth and Edw. Reeves Philip Mainwaring, both on the North American station, whence he returned as First-Lieutenant about June, 1841 – 16 Sept. 1841, in the capacity last mentioned, to the Serpent 16, Capts. Chas. Henry Seale and Wm. Nevill, fitting for the East Indies – 29 March, 1842, again as Senior, to the Scylla 16, Capt. Robt. Sharpe, on the North America and West India station, where he was superseded in the spring of 1843 – and, 30 March, 1844, to the command, which he still retains, of a station in the Coast Guard.
He married, 21 Sept. 1841, Jane, eldest daughter of T. Ely, Esq., of Hornsey, co. Middlesex. Agents – Messrs. Chard.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Robinson, Joseph (b)

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​ROBINSON. (Lieutenant, 1826.)
Joseph Robinson (b) entered the Navy 25 April, 1812; passed his examination in 1820; and obtained his commission 13 Feb. 1826. From 3 May, 1830, until 1834, and again from 2 July, 1840, until Oct. 8144, he commanded; a station in the Coast Guard; he then served for nearly 12 months as Admiralty Agent on board a contract mail steam-vessel; and since 8 Jan. 1847 he has been afresh employed in the Coast Guard.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Robinson, Charles Cowling

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​ROBINSON. (Lieut., 1812. f-p., 8; h-p., 36.)
Charles Cowling Robinson, born 20 July, 1790, is son of Commander Chas. Robinson, R.N.
​This officer entered the Navy, 3 Oct. 1803, as Fat.-cl. Vol., on board the Eurydice 24, Capt. John Nicholas, stationed in the Channel, where he cruized until May, 1804. In the following Aug. he joined the Royal William, bearing the flag of Admiral Montagu at Spithead; and in Sept. of the same year he was received on board the Swiftsure 74, Capts. Mark Robinson and Wm. Geo. Rutherford. Under the latter officer, after pursuing the combined squadrons to the West Indies and back, he fought, in the capacity of Midshipman, at the battle of Trafalgar, 21 Oct. 1805. Between Sept. 1807, when he left the Swiftsure, and the date of his promotion to the rank of Lieutenant, 21 March, 1812, he was actively employed on the Mediterranean, Home, and West India sta .ons, in the Glatton 50, Impérieuse 38, Capt. Lord Cochrane, Namur 74, Capt. Rich. Jones, Royal Oak of similar force, Capt. Lord Amelius Beauclerk, Shark sloop, Capt. John Gore, Cyane 22, Capt. Fras. Aug. Collier, and Thetis frigate, Capt. Wm. Henry Byam. In Oct. 1812 he received an appointment to the Port Mahon 18, Capt. Fred, Wm. Burgoyne, stationed in the Channel. He invalided in March, 1813; and, owing to the effects of a continued asthma, has not been since able to seek service. While belonging to the Eurydice he broke his thigh; and he has been in consequence lame to the present day.
He married, 13 Feb. 1813, and has issue three children. Agent – Fred. Dufaur.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Robinson, Edward

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​ROBINSON. (Lieut., 1813. f-p., 18; h-p., 24.)
Edward Robinson entered the Navy, 8 July, 1805, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Eurus sloop, Capt. Alex. Innes, with whom, and with Capt. Edw. Wallis Hoare, he continued employed as Midshipman in the Amsterdam 20, on the Cork station, until transferred, in Nov. 1807, to the Amelia of 48 guns, Capt. Hon. Fred. Paul Irby. In that ship he contributed to the destruction of three French frigates under the batteries of Sable d’Olonne 24 Feb. 1809; witnessed the capture of La Mouche corvette of 16 guns and 180 men, La Rejouie national brig of 8 guns and 51 men, a schooner of 1 gun and 25 men, two armed luggers with cargoes (all taken on one occasion, in company with the Statira 38), and Le Charles privateer of 20 guns, 300 tons, and 170 men; aided in causing the self-destruction, 25 March, 181 1, of L’Amazone, a French frigate of the largest class, which had been driven into a bay near Cape Barfleur; and was present at the demolition of the fort and town of Winnebah, on the coast of Africa. He was also, 7 Feb. 1813, engaged, as Master’s Mate, and severely wounded in a desperate action of more than three hours and a half fought off the lies de Los with L’Aréthuse French frigate of 44 guns (24-pounders on her main-deck) and 340 men, which terminated in the separation of the combatants, after a loss to the enemy of 105 killed and wounded, and to the British, out of an original force of 300, of 141 men killed and wounded. For his conduct on the occasion he was ordered, the day following, to act as Third-Lieutenant (that officer having been killed); and on 15 of the ensuing April was confirmed. About six months after the Amelia had been paid off he was appointed, 12 Nov. 1813, to the Harlequin sloop, Capt. Wm. Kempthorne, with whom he served on the North American station until Nov. 1815. From Dec. 1832 until 1 Jan. 1838 he had charge of the Semaphore station at Chelsea; and from 12 May, 1842, until 1845, he was employed in the Ocean 80, guard-ship at Sheerness, Capts. Peter Fisher and Rich. Arthur. He is now on half-pay.
Lieut. Robinson’s wounds procured him a gratuity from the Patriotic Fund and a pension from Government of 91l. 5s. per annum.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Robinson, Frederick

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​ROBINSON. (Lieutenant, 1844.)
Frederick Robinson entered the Navy 29 Dec. 1827; and passed his examination 6 May, 1835. At the period of his promotion to the rank of Lieutenant, 2 Feb. 1844, he was serving, on the coast of Ireland, as Mate in the Comet surveying-steamer, Capt. Geo. Alex. Frazer. His appointments have since been – 9 March, 1844, as Additional, to the Penelope steam-frigate, Capt. Wm. Jones, on the coast of Africa – 26 March, 1844, to the Bonetta brigantine, Capt. Thos. Saumarez Brock, employed on surveying service in the Mediterranean, whence he returned to England as First-Lieutenant and was paid off in 1847 – and 7 March, 1848, to the Investigator discovery ship, Capt. Edw. Joseph Bird. Agent – Joseph Woodhead.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Robinson, George (b)

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​ROBINSON. (Lieut., 1815. f-p., 8; h-p., 33.)
George Robinson (b) was born 13 Aug. 1792. This officer entered the Navy, 22 Oct. 1806, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Polyphemus 64, Capt. Peter Heywood; in which ship, bearing the flag of Rear-Admiral Geo. Murray, he witnessed the unsuccessful attempt made by Lieut.-General Whitelocke upon Buenos Ayres in July, 1807. Between June, 1808, and the date of his promotion to the rank of Lieutenant, 16 Feb. 1815, he was employed on the North Sea, Mediterranean, Brazilian, Baltic, and Home stations, as Midshipman and Master’s Mate, in the Invincible 74, Capt. Ross Donnelly, Nereus 32, Capt. P. Heywood, Princess Caroline 74, Capt. Hugh Downman, Thisbe 28, and Leven 20, Capt. Buckland Stirling Bluett. He was present in the Princess Caroline when the marines of that ship were landed at Scheveling for the support of the Prince of Orange; and also in a voyage to Spitbergen. Since his promotion he has been on half-pay.