OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Education and Art in Soviet Russia/Document 14

DOCUMENT No. 14
School Sanitation Board
At the Congress of medical-sanitation held at Moscow, June 19, 1918, there was read and discussed at great length the report from the school-sanitation board attached to the Commissariat of Public Instruction. The Section is entrusted with safeguarding the children's health and the application of preventive measures in schools against tuberculosis and neurological diseases.
Hitherto in Russia little time was devoted to physical education of children and their hygienic conditions. At the present time the School Sanitation Board does the work of spreading physical education among children and of removal of conditions ​detrimental to students' health.. To accomplish this the Board has established an Institute of Physical Education in Russia, experimental institutions (settlements, schools of forestry, school-sanatoriums, ambulatories, etc.) and has been aiding labor organizations interested in the establishment of such institutions.
The following resolution of the School Sanitary Board was adopted:
1. The object of school sanitation within the boundaries of the Russian Soviet Republic is the safeguarding of the health of children of all ages, physical as well as mental, and a proper organization of physical education.
2. For the realization of this problem a central school-sanitation Soviet is established at the Commissariat of Public Instruction, representatives of proletarian organizations and large masses of the population participating in the work.
3. Likewise, similar school-sanitation Soviets are established in localities regulating and directing the local school-sanitation activity.
4. The directing organs in the matters of school sanitation are medical boards, elected by medical sanitary organizations such as the Soviet of Medical Boards' or the Commissariat of Health and medical Sanitary sections attached to the local Soviets of Workmen's Deputies and approved by the Commissariat of Public Instruction. All these organizations are working in close contact with the Central Commissariat of Health as well as with the Commissariat of Public Instruction and sections attached thereto.
5. A school physician is a permanent and competent member of the pedagogic Soviet and is actively engaged in school work. He is elected by the school-sanitary sub-section of the medical sanitary board and is approved by the Department of Public Instruction attached to the Soviet.
6. To safeguard the health of children and to render direct mental, moral and physical aid to children of imperfect health the school-sanitary sections (medical boards) establish special institutions: sanatoriums, schools of forestry for physically weak and sick children, auxiliary schools for underdeveloped children, auxiliary dispensaries, sanatoriums and agricultural settlements for exceptional forms of mental and physical deformity. School ambulatories are established for study, medical treatment and assigning children to proper institutions.
# Education and Art in Soviet Russia/Document 1

DOCUMENT No. 1
Circular of the People’s Commissaire of Education to All Regional Commissioners of Education
On the 25th of October, 1917, the entire state power was taken over by the Government of Workers and Peasants. The latter has given over all the Ministries to the People’s Commissaires, The Ministries are re-named People’s Commissariats.
The following Departments of the People's Commissariats of Education have been organized:
1. Universal compulsory education. 2. Autonomy of colleges and universities. 3. Ministerial schools, (until they are transferred to municipalities). 4. Municipal public schools. 5. Kindergarten education and children's aid. 6. Home education and people's universities. 7. Aid to independent school organizations.
​8. Scientific Department. 9. Art Departments. 10. Experimental pedagogy and school medicine and hygiene. 11. Financial Department. 12. Technical schools and polytechnical education. 13. Preparation of a teaching staff. 14. Construction of new schools. 15. Department of Literature and Publishing. 16. Statistical Department. 17. Organization Department.
In view of the above, you are instructed to proceed with the work with which you are charged in regard to public education. When doubts and difficulties arise in the performance of your duties, you will apply for instructions and explanations to the People’s Commissariat of Education.
It is hereby decreed that all those who wilfully, and without notice, cease to perform their duties, or in any way try to disorganize the work of education, will be dismissed immediately.
People's Commissaire of Education: A. V. Lunacharsky. Secretary: Dm. Letshenko.
Published in the organ of the Provisional Workers' and Peasants Government, No, 21, December 24th, 1917.
(Note: Each decree of the Soviet of Workers and Peasants becomes effective and must be enforced upon its publication in the official organ of the government.)
As the above circular is dated Dec. 24, 1917, it is apparent that within two months after their accession to power, the Soviet had already outlined an extensive educational program. The next Document (No. 2) is a detailed statement of the various functions of the educational departments of the geographical units of the Soviet Republic, in the form of a decree; and of their mutual responsibilities.
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Ku-pa-tai

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​KU-pa-tai. See under Gubadai.
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Ku K'uei-kuang

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​KU K'uei-kuang 顧奎光 (T. 星五), 1719–1764, official and scholar, was a native of Wu-hsi, Kiangsu. His great-grandfather, Ku Ch'ên 顧宸 (T. 修遠, chü-jên of 1639), was a bibliophile and a writer who left the following two works: 宋文選 Sung-wên hsüan, 30 chüan (1661), and 杜詩註解 Tu-shih chu-chieh, 12 + 7 chüan (1663). Obtaining his chin-shih degree in 1745, Ku K'uei-kuang was appointed in 1753 magistrate of Lu-hsi, Hunan, where he served for six years. In 1759 he was transferred to Sang-chih, Hunan, where he served as magistrate until his death in 1764. During his administration in both of these districts he won the esteem of the people by improving their agricultural practices, encouraging the silk industry, handing down fair decisions in law suits, and by establishing many schools. He was highly praised as a kind and able district magistrate and was considered by Ch'ên Hung-mou [q. v.], then governor of Hunan, as the equal in this respect of the famous T'ang poet, Yüan Chieh (see under Shih Jun-chang), who was long remembered by the people of Tao-chou, Hunan, for his excellent administration. During his tenure as magistrate Ku K'uei-kuang found time to compile local gazetteers for both the districts in which he served, namely the 瀘溪縣志 Lu-hsi hsien-chih, 24 chüan, published in 1755; and the 桑植縣志 Sang-chih hsien-chih, 4 chüan, published in 1764.
As a scholar Ku Kuei-kuang left two collections of notes on the Classics: 春秋隨筆 Ch'un-ch'iu sui-pi, 2 chüan; and 然疑錄 Jan-i lu, 6 chüan. The former was copied into the Ssŭ-ku Manuscript Library and the latter was given descriptive notice in the Ssŭ-ku Catalogue (for both see under Chi Yün). His collected writings were published under the title 顧雙溪集 Ku Shuang-hsi chi, 9 chüan. He is also credited with a work on the Odes, entitled 毛詩牖日錄 Mao-shih yu-jih lu, 4 chüan.
For generations the family of Ku K'uei-kuang was noted for its literary men. Ku himself had four sons: Ku Min-hêng 顧敏恆 (T. 立方, H. 笠舫, chin-shih of 1787), Ku Hsiao-yü 顧斆愉, Ku Ching-hsün 顧敬恂 (licentiate of 1789), and Ku Yang-hsien 顧敭憲, whose literary works were edited and published in 1795 by a fellow-townsman, Yang Kuei 楊揆 (T. 同叔, H. 荔裳, chü-jên of 1780, 1760–1804), under the collective title 辟疆園遺集 Pi-chiang yüan i-chi, 10 chüan. Ku K'uei-kuang's brother, Ku Tou-kuang 顧斗光, a licentiate of 1780, left two literary works: 列女樂府 Lieh-nü yüeh-fu, 8 chüan, and 翠苕軒詩鈔 Ts'ui-t'iao hsüan shih-ch'ao, 14 + 4 chüan. Ku Min-hêng's son, Ku Han 顧翰 (T. 蒹[蕳]塘, chü-jên of 1810), and his daughter, Ku Ling 顧翎 (T. 素羽), also achieved fame as poets. One chüan of verse in irregular metre, entitled 綠秋草堂詞 Lü-ch'iu ts'ao-t'ang tz'ŭ, by Ku Han, was included in the collectanea, Sui-yüan ch'üan-chi (see under Yüan Mei).
[2/72/10b, 11a; 3/235/45a, 257/61a; 21/7/3a; 23/48/22a; 無錫金匱縣志 Wu-hsi Chin-k'uei hsien-chih (1881) 16/15a, 17a, 47a, 23/31a, 34b, 39a, 39/24b; 辰州府志 Ch'ên-chou fu-chih (1765) 35/39b; Ssŭ-k'u 29/10a.]
J. C. Yang
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Kishen

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​KISHEN. See under Ch'i-shan.
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Koxinga

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​KOXINGA. See under Chêng Ch'êng-kung.
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Kiying

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​KIYING. See under Ch'i-ying.
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Ku T'ing-lin

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​KU T'ing-lin. See under Ku Yen-wu.
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Communion

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Communion
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Concupiscence

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# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Conaniah

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Conaniah
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Conduit

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Conduit
There are also the remains of a conduit which conducted water from the so-called "Pools of Solomon," beyond Bethlehem, into the city. Water is still conveyed into the city from the fountains which supplied these pools by a channel which crosses the valley of Hinnom.
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Coming of Christ

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Coming of Christ
The expression is used metaphorically of the introduction of the gospel into any place (John 15:22; Eph. 2:17), the visible establishment of his kingdom in the world (Matt. 16:28), the conferring on his people of the peculiar tokens of his love (John 14:18, 23, 28), and his executing judgment on the wicked (2 Thess. 2:8).
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Commandments, the Ten

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Commandments, the Ten
They are obviously "ten" in number, but their division is not fixed, hence different methods of numbering them have been adopted. The Jews make the "Preface" one of the commandments, and then combine the first and second. The Roman Catholics and Lutherans combine the first and second and divide the tenth into two. The Jews and Josephus divide them equally. The Lutherans and Roman Catholics refer three commandments to the first table and seven to the second. The Greek and Reformed Churches refer four to the first and six to the second table. The Samaritans add to the second that Gerizim is the mount of worship. (See [122]LAW.)
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Concision

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Concision
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Concubine

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Concubine
The immediate cause of concubinage might be gathered from the conjugal histories of Abraham and Jacob (Gen. 16;30). But in process of time the custom of concubinage degenerated, and laws were made to restrain and regulate it (Ex. 21:7-9).
Christianity has restored the sacred institution of marriage to its original character, and concubinage is ranked with the sins of fornication and adultery (Matt. 19:5-9; 1 Cor. 7:2).
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Coney

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Coney
The animal intended by this name is known among naturalists as the Hyrax Syriacus. It is neither a ruminant nor a rodent, but is regarded as akin to the rhinoceros. When it is said to "chew the cud," the Hebrew word so used does not necessarily imply the possession of a ruminant stomach. "The lawgiver speaks according to appearances; and no one can watch the constant motion of the little creature's jaws, as it sits continually working its teeth, without recognizing the naturalness of the expression" (Tristram, Natural History of the Bible). It is about the size and color of a rabbit, though clumsier in structure, and without a tail. Its feet are not formed for digging, and therefore it has its home not in burrows but in the clefts of the rocks. "Coney" is an obsolete English word for "rabbit."
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Comforter

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Comforter
It is worthy of notice that although Paul nowhere uses the word paracletos, he yet presents the idea it embodies when he speaks of the "intercession" both of Christ and the Spirit (Rom. 8:27, 34).
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Julep

Edition of 1802.
​JULEP, a convenient form of medicines, which require no decoction, and are mixed up with syrup or sugar, in order to dilute them properly, or to cover their pungency.
Acid julep consists of 3 drams of weak vitriolic acid, 3 ounces of simple syrup, and 2 pounds of spring-water. These ingredients are to be gradually mixed, and the whole carefully strained.—See Vitriolic acid.
Amber julep: Let two drams of tincture of amber, and half an ounce of refined sugar, be mixed with 6 ounces of spring water, and strained in the manner above-mentioned. Under this form, the tincture of amber is rendered an agreeable medicine, which way be ​substituted for the amber itself, in nervous atfedions, &c. for which it is sometimes prescribed.
Æther Julep is composed of 2 scruples of pure vitriolic æther, 6 ounces of spring water, and half an ounce of refined sugar, which ingredients are to be mixed and strained.—In spasmodic affections, this preparation is often given with advantage, in repeated draughts of about half a tea-cupful every hour, or oftener.
Saline julep, is a mixture of 3 drams of purified pot-ash and half a pound of water; to which are to be added, one ounce of the syrup of black currants, and half a pound of lemon-juice; or such a quantity of the latter as will be sufficient to saturate the alkali.—This compound is often used in febrile diseases, by taking two or three table-spoonfuls every hour, in order to promote a slight perspiration. It also increases the secretion of urine, and is frequently employed to restrain vomiting.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Juniper-tree

Edition of 1802.
​JUNIPER-TREE, or Juniperus, L. a native shrub, comprising several species; of which the principal is the Juniperus communis, or Common Juniper-tree: it grows in many parts of Britain, upon dry, barren commons; on hills, or in vallies, in open sandy plains, or in moist and close woods, where it generally continues a low shrub: but, if planted in a good soil, it will attain the height of 15 or 16 feet, and produce numerous branches.
The juniper-tree may be propagated by the berries, if they can be procured in a ripe state. It is remarkable, that no grass will grow beneath this shrub; though the latter is said to be destroyed by the meadow-oat.
Juniper-berries possess a strong, not unpleasant smell; and a warm, pungent, sweet taste; which, on chewing, or previously well bruising them, is succeeded by a bitterish flavour. They require two years before they ripen, and yield, on expression, a rich, sweet, aromatic juice, bearing some resemblance to the taste of honey. These berries are useful carminatives; for which purposes a spirituous water, and an essential oil, are prepared from them. The Swedes eat them for breakfast, in the form of a conserve.—In Germany, they are frequently used as a culinary spice, and especially for imparting their flavour to sauer-kraut. The spirit impregnated with the essential oil of this fruit, is known by the name of Gin, to which we refer.
According to Hoffman, a rob is prepared of the liquor remaining after the distillation of the oil: it is passed through a strainer, and cently exhaled to a due consistence. This he recommends as a medicine of great efficacy, in cases of impaired digestion and debility of the intestines; it is also very serviceable to aged persons, labouring under diseases of the urinary passages. The rob is of a balsamic sweet taste, somewhat bitter, accordingly as the seeds have been more or less bruised. One of the best forms, however, is a simple watery infusion of the berries, or the tops, with the addition of a small quantity of gin: thus, a very useful medicine is obtained for dropsical patients.—Linnæus informs us, that the Laplanders are accustomed to drink such infusions as substitutes for tea and coffee.—The oil of juniper, when mixed with that of nuts, makes an excellent varnish for pidures, ​wood-work, and for preserving iron from rust.
The wood of the juniper-tree is of a reddish colour, very hard and durable: it is employed in manquetry and veneering; making cups, cabinets, &c. while the bark may be manufactured into ropes.—The charcoal made from this wood, affords the most durable heat, so that live embers are said to have been found in the ashes, after having been covered for 12 months.—The resin of this plant (gum Sandarach), when powdered and rubbed into paper, is frequently used under the name of pounce.—Thrushes and grouse feed on the juniper-berries, and disseminate the seed in their dung.—The sprouts are eaten by horses, sheep, and goats.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/John's-wort

Edition of 1802.
​JOHN's-WORT, or Saint John's-wort, Hypericum, L. a genus of plants comprising sixty-three species, nine of which are natives of Britain. Of these, the principal is the perforatum, Common, or Perforated Saint John's-wort, growing to the height of eighteen inches, in thickets, woods, hedges and on dry banks: it flowers in the months of July and August.
This plant is eaten by goats, cows, and sheep, but is refused by horses and hogs. Its medicinal virtues are not accurately determined. The leaves, however, when given in substance, are said to destroy worms; and the semi-pellucid dots found on them, yield, on distiliation, an essential oil. In Sweden, the flowers are used to impart a purple tinge to spirits; and the whole plant, when dried, and boiled in alum-water, communicates yellow or brown-red shades to yarn. The seed-bearing tops contain a fine red colour, that appears on friction between the fingers, and more than any other vegetable, resembles the gum-lac.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Joy

Edition of 1802.
​JOY, one of the most powerful mental emotions, accompanied with an extraordinary degree of pleasure. The effect of this sensation, if not too violent, invigorates the whole animal frame, and facilitates the cure of diseases.
Sudden joy, however, is often as injurious as the operation of either grief or terror; and many instances are recorded, in which the precipitate communication of unexpected news has proved immediately fatal. In order to prevent so dreadful a misfortune, such information ought not to be imparted, till the person to whom it relates, has been cautiously apprised, and thus prepared to undergo the various emotions and ​sensations that necessarily arise in an organized system. Hence we should fortify the mind equally, for encountering the most agreeable as well as the most disastrous tidings.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Jessamine

Edition of 1802.
​Jessamine. See Jasmine.