OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Dionysius

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Dionysius: The Areopagite, one of Paul's converts at Athens (Acts 17:34).
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Diotrephes

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Diotrephes : Jove-nourished, rebuked by John for his pride (3 John 1:9). He was a Judaizer, prating against John and his fellow-labourers "with malicious words" (7).
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Dish

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Dish : For eating from (2 Kings 21:13). Judas dipped his hand with a "sop" or piece of bread in the same dish with our Lord, thereby indicating friendly intimacy (Matt. 26:23). The "lordly dish" in Judg. 5:25 was probably the shallow drinking cup, usually of brass. In Judg. 6:38 the same Hebrew word is rendered "bowl."
The dishes of the tabernacle were made of pure gold (Ex. 25:29; 37:16).
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Dispensation

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Dispensation: (Gr. oikonomia, "management," "economy"). (1.) The method or scheme according to which God carries out his purposes towards men is called a dispensation. There are usually reckoned three dispensations, the Patriarchal, the Mosaic or Jewish, and the Christian. (See [160]COVENANT, Administration of.) These were so many stages in God's unfolding of his purpose of grace toward men. The word is not found with this meaning in Scripture.
(2.) A commission to preach the gospel (1 Cor. 9:17; Eph. 1:10; 3:2; Col. 1:25).
Dispensations of Providence are providential events which affect men either in the way of mercy or of judgement.
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Dishan

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Dishan : Antelope, the youngest son of Seir the Horite, head of one of the tribes of Idumaea (Gen. 36:21, 28, 30).
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Distaff

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Distaff : (Heb.@pelek, a "circle"), the instrument used for twisting threads by a whirl (Prov. 31:19).
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Disciple

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Disciple: a scholar, sometimes applied to the followers of John the Baptist (Matthew 9:14), and of the Pharisees (Matthew 22:16), but principally to the followers of Christ. A disciple of Christ is one who
* believes his doctrine,
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* imitates his example (Matthew 10:24; Luke 14:26,27,33; John 6:69).
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Dinhabah

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Dinhabah : Robbers' den, an Edomitish city, the capital of king Bela (Gen. 36:32). It is probably the modern Dibdiba, a little north-east of Petra.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1927 supplement/Hodgson, Shadworth Hollway

​HODGSON, SHADWORTH HOLLWAY (1832–1912), philosopher, was born at Boston, Lincolnshire, 25 December 1832, the eldest son of Shadworth Hodgson, of Boston, by his wife, Anne, daughter of John Palmer Hollway, also of Boston. He was educated at Rugby and at Corpus Christi College, Oxford. He graduated in 1854, after taking a first class in classical moderations, and a second class in literae humaniores. In 1855 he married Ann, daughter of the Rev. Edward Browne Everard, rector of Burnham Thorpe, Norfolk. The death of his wife and only child in 1858 led to his applying himself with rare devotion to philosophy. He acquired a most unusual knowledge of philosophical literature, and collected a fine library. His chief works are Time and Space: a Metaphysical Essay (1865), The Theory of Practice (1870), The Philosophy of Reflection (1878), and The Metaphysic of Experience (1898), the last of which contains a full exposition of his philosophy. He was the first president (1880–1894) and the leading spirit of the Aristotelian Society; its Proceedings contain fourteen presidential addresses and many other papers by him. He was elected an honorary fellow of his college in 1882, and fellow of the British Academy in 1901. He died in London 13 June 1912.
Hodgson thought of himself as continuing the work of Hume and also that of Kant, but as improving on both by discarding their respective assumptions. Both those thinkers start by assuming the distinction of subject and object, a distinction not immediately experienced but presupposing much naïve reflection. Empiricism assumes experience to be produced by the action of bodies; transcendentalism assumes it to be modified by a synthetic activity of the subject; but philosophy, Hodgson held, should not assume the activity either of subjects or of objects. What is found directly in experience is not the distinction of subject and object but that of consciousness and content: i.e. of ‘thatness’, the fact that consciousness occurs, and ‘whatness’, the particular nature of the consciousness. As consciousness moves towards the future, it distinguishes its past ‘whatnesses’ from its present ‘whatness’, and objectifies them. While we must not start with the distinction of mind and matter, the analysis of consciousness reveals features which show this distinction to be necessary. Hodgson's system is thus ultimately dualistic. It is a bold and able attempt to work out a complete metaphysic by a thoroughgoing analysis of experience. His precise point of view was, however, one which other philosophers found it difficult to share, and he founded no school; the main value of his work probably resides in his detailed psychological analysis.
[The Times, 18 June 1912; memoirs by H. Wildon Carr in Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, new series, vol. xii, and in Mind, new series, vol. xxi; memoir by G. Dawes Hicks in Proceedings of the British Academy, vol. vi.]
W. D. R.
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Wang Hsiang-ch'ien

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​WANG Hsiang-ch'ien 王象乾 (T. 子廓 and 霽宇), d. 1630, age 85 (sui), Ming official, was a member of the celebrated Wang family of Hsinch‘êng, Shantung, which produced, between the years 1562 and 1610, ten successful candidates for the chin-shih degree. Of eight sons and nineteen grandsons of one member of this family, named Wang Ch'ung-kuang 王重光 (chin-shih of 1541), almost all rose to positions of importance in the government. Wang Hsiang-ch'ien, one of these grandsons, received his chin-shih in 1571 and became magistrate at Wên-hsi, Shansi. Shortly thereafter he entered the Board of War and rose to be a department director. After a term as prefect at Paoting he was assigned in 1589 to the post of junior assistant to the lieutenant-governor of the frontier district of Hsüan-fu 宣府 where he achieved success in diplomatic negotiations with the Mongols. Becoming governor in 1594, he kept the border quiet for the following seven years. After the suppression of the rebellion of Yang Ying-lung 揚應龍 (executed January 29, 1601) in Szechwan, Wang was sent to that province to replace Li Hua-lung 李化龍 (T. 于田, 1554–1611) as commander of the military forces, but retired in 1605 after a disagreement over policy regarding the Miao aborigines of Keichow. In 1608 he was appointed commander of the forces in Liaotung and northeastern Chihli which were menaced by Mongol raids. Because of his successes he was promoted in 1612 to the presidency of the Board of War with the honorary title of Senior Guardian of the Heir Apparent.
He resigned in 1614 on account of illness and remained in retirement until 1621 when he was recalled at the age of seventy-six (sui) to head the Board of War and command the armies in Liaotung where the Manchus had recently captured the cities of Shên-yang and Liao-yang. In concert with Wang Tsai-chin [q. v.] he favored the creation of a Mongol buffer state outside Shanhaikuan, and proposed an annual expenditure of about a million taels in the form of doles to keep the Mongol tribes in order. Opposed in this policy by Sun Ch'êng-tsung, Yüan Ch'ung-huan [qq. v.] and others, Wang again resigned, remaining in retirement until 1628 when an invasion of northern Shansi by Lingdan Khan 林丹汗 of Chahar resulted in his recall to act as mediator. Unable to carry out his plan of conciliating the Mongols, owing, it is said, to the opposition of other officials, he finally retired in 1629 and died at home in the following year. He ​was honored with the posthumous title of Grand Preceptor.
[M.3/228/1a; MS Ming History in Library of Congress, 221/1a; Hsin-ch'êng hsien-chih (1933) 24/9a–37b; Tsinan fu-chih (1841) 51/19a.]
George A. Kennedy
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Wang Hsü-ling

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​WANG Hsü-ling 王頊齡 (T. 顓士, H. 瑁湖, 松喬老人), 1642–1725, official, was a native of Hua-t'ing, Kiangsu. His father, Wang Kuang-hsin 王廣心 (T. 農山, 伊人, d. 1691), was a chin-shih of 1648 who served as a censor. Wang Hsü-ling, the eldest of three sons, became a chin-shih in 1676. Three years later he passed the special examination known as po-hsüeh hung-tz'ŭ (see under P'êng Sun-yü) and was named a compiler of the Hanlin Academy, taking part in the compilation of the official history of the Ming Dynasty. He later served for more than a year ​as commissioner of education in Szechwan. In 1689, when he was serving in the capacity of an expositor in the Grand Secretariat, he was charged with bribery and cashiered (see under Kuo Hsiu and Wang Hung-hsü); but within a month he was specially pardoned and ordered to remain at his post. Thereafter he held the following offices: vice-director of the Imperial Clan Court (1700–03); a vice-president of the Board of Ceremonies (1703–12), and of the Board of Civil Office (1712–13); president of the Board of Works (1713–18); and a Grand Secretary (1718–25).
Wang Hsü-ling enjoyed the favor of both Emperors Shêng-tsu and Shih-tsung. The former honored him by twice (1705, 1707) visiting his garden, Hsiu-chia yüan 秀甲園, at Sungkiang, Kiangsu. Emperor Shih-tsung conferred various honors on him because of his services and in deference to his advanced age. After he died in office, aged eighty-four (sui), he was canonized as Wên-kung 文恭. His collected works are entitled 世恩堂集 Shih-ên t'ang chi, 32 chüan.
Wang Hsü-ling had five sons, of whom the eldest, Wang T'u-ping 王圖炳 (T. 麟照, H. 澂川, chin-shih of 1712, Hanlin compiler), served as a vice-president of the Board of Ceremonies (1730–31). A grandson of Wang Hsü-ling, named Wang Tsu-kêng 王祖庚 (d. 1765), became a chin-shih in 1727 and served as prefect of Ning-kuo-fu, Anhwei (1764–65). Three great-grandsons of Wang Hsü-ling became members of the Hanlin Academy: Wang Chia-tsêng 王嘉曾 (T. 漢儀, H. 寧叔, 史亭, chin-shih of 1766), Wang Shao-tsêng 王紹曾 (T. 衣聞, H. 蒪鄉, chin-shih of 1757, prefect of Ningpo), and Wang Hsien-tsêng 王顯曾 (T. 周謨, H. 文園, chin-shih of 1760, a censor).
Wang Hsü-ling had two younger brothers, Wang Chiu-ling 王九齡 (T. 子武, H. 薛澱, chin-shih of 1682, d. Jan. 1710), and Wang Hung-hsü [q. v.]. These two, like himself, were also members of the Hanlin Academy, and attained high offices. Wang Chiu-ling served as a vice-president of the Board of Civil Office (1704–08), and as president of the Censorate (Jan. 1708–10). His collected works, in 5 chüan, were entitled 艾納山房集 Ai-na shan-fang chi. He had a studio known as Yung-ssŭ t'ang 永思堂.
[1/273/9a; 3/12/21a; 3/58/25b; Lou-hsien chih (1786); Tz'ŭ-lin chi-lüeh (see under Shên T'ing-fang); Sungkiang fu-chih (1884) 72/42b.]
Tu Lien-chê
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Wang Hsi

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​WANG Hsi 王熙 (T. 子雍 and 胥庭, H. 慕齋), Aug. 7, 1628–1703, Mar. 14, official, eldest son of Wang Ch'ung-chien [q. v.], was a native of Wan-p'ing (Peking). Taking his chin-shih in 1647 at the age of nineteen, he was made a bachelor of the Kuo-shih yüan 國史院 to where he was taught the Manchu language. Appointed a corrector two years later, he distinguished himself by mastering both spoken and written Manchu. After successive promotions he was appointed a sub-chancellor of the Hung-wên yüan 弘文院 at a time when his father was holding a similar sub-chancellorship in the Kuo-shih yüan. In 1658, when the Hanlin Academy was re-established along lines that prevailed in the Ming period, Wang Hsi was made its first chancellor. Thereafter he was much in Emperor Shih-tsu's councils, and in 1661 was summoned to draft his last will. The will was destroyed for political reasons (see under Fu-lin) and Wang never revealed its contents. He rose successively to the presidencies of the Censorate in 1666, the Board of Works in 1668, and the Board of War in 1673. Holding the last post when Wu San-kuei [q. v.] rebelled in south China, he persuaded Emperor Shêng-tsu, in 1674, to order the execution of Wu Ying-hsiung, son of the rebel leader, despite the fact that this son was the husband of one of the Emperor's great-aunts (for details see Wu San-kuei). This drastic action put an end to rumors of a threatened uprising in Peking, and stopped the exodus of many of the residents from the city gates. In the same year Wang Hsi was entrusted with the reading of confidential memorials on military matters.
During the latter part of this so-called San-fan Rebellion, which lasted from 1673 to 1681, he stayed at home to mourn the death of his father, which occurred in 1678. Four years later he became a Grand Secretary. After Mingju [q. v.] was stripped of his rank in 1688, Wang Hsi was recognized as the most influential official in the empire. Nevertheless, he was prudent and thoughtful and was liked by all. Only after four refusals was he permitted to retire, in 1701, with the added title of Junior Tutor. In the following year he was given an honorary tablet, or pien 扁, inscribed by the Emperor's own hand with the words, "Long Life and Abiding Virtue" (耆年舊德). He died in 1703 and was canonized as Wên-ching 文靖. His collected essays and poems in 24 chüan, entitled Wang Wên-ching kung wên-chi (also called 寶翰堂集 Pao-han-t'ang chi), were printed in 1707. In contemporary Jesuit accounts, Wang Hsi's name is spelled "Vam Hi".
[Wang Wên-ching kung tzŭ-chuan nien-p'u (自撰年譜); 1/256/5b; 3/4/1a; 4/12/1a; T'oung Pao, 1924, p. 365; Wang Wan, Tun-wêng lei-kao, 33/1a.]
Fang Chao-ying
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Wang Hsiang-chin

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​WANG Hsiang-chin 王象晉 (T. 子進, H. 盡臣, 康宇), 1561–1653, grandfather of Wang Shih-chên [q. v.], was a native of Hsin-ch'êng, Shantung. His elder brother, Wang Hsiang-ch'ien [q. v.], was one of the governor-generals in command of Ming troops who resisted the Manchus. Wang Hsiang-chin became a chin-shih in 1604 and was appointed a secretary of the Grand Secretariat. In 1613 he was transferred to a secretaryship in the Board of Ceremonies. In the following year he asked for sick leave but in 1617, while still at home, he was degraded for offending several censors. Interested in botany and gardening, he was content to remain in retirement and compile, largely from earlier sources, a botanical work, 羣芳譜 Ch'ün-fang pu, in 30 chüan, which was first printed in the T'ien-ch'i period (1621–28) and reprinted by Mao Chin [q. v.] about 1630. In the K'ang-hsi period four Hanlin compilers, including Wang Hao (see under Tai Ming-shih), and Chang I-shao (see under Chang Yü-shu), expanded it by imperial command to 100 chüan, and in 1708 this enlarged edition was printed under the title, Kuang (廣) Ch'ün-fang p'u.
Early in the sixteen-twenties Wang Hsiangchin was appointed an assistant commissioner in the Office for the Transmission of Imperial Messages (行人司), and after several promotions was, in 1628, made intendant of the Huai-an and Yangchow circuit of Kiangnan. Six years later he became provincial judge of Honan where he cleared a number of persons who had unjust charges brought against them. In 1635 he was made financial commissioner of Chekiang. Two years later he retired, and despite the years of chaos following the Manchu conquest of China, lived quietly at his home till his death at the age of ninety-three (sui).
Mao Chin printed, in addition to the Ch'ün fang-p'u, several of Wang's minor works, some of which were reprinted in the Yü-yang san-shih-liu chung (see under Wang Shih-chên). The Hsin-ch'êng hsien-chih of 1933 lists a number of his works, mostly no longer extant. One of his cousins, Wang Hsiang-ch'un 王象春 (T. 季木, 1578–1633), a chin-shih of 1610, left a collection of poems, 問山亭遺詩 Wên-shan t'ing i-shih, which was reprinted in 1928 in the Hsi-yung hsüan ts'ung-shu (see under Ch'ên Hung-shou).
[Hsin-ch'êng hsien-chih (1693) 7/31b; M.2/348/12b; M.3/228/6a; M.40/59/22a; Wylie, Notes, p. 152; Hui Tung [q. v.], Yü-yang shan-jên nien-p'u, shang 4a, 7a, 8a, 11b; Ch'ien Ch'ien-i [q. v.], Mu-chai ch'u-hsüeh chi, 66/3b.]
Fang Chao-ying
# Dream Tales and Prose Poems/Poems in Prose/Cabbage Soup

CABBAGE SOUP
A peasant woman, a widow, had an only son, a young man of twenty, the best workman in the village, and he died.
The lady who was the owner of the village, hearing of the woman's trouble, went to visit her on the very day of the burial.
She found her at home.
Standing in the middle of her hut, before the table, she was, without haste, with a regular movement of the right arm (the left hung listless at her side), scooping up weak cabbage soup from the bottom of a blackened pot, and swallowing it spoonful by spoonful.
​The woman's face was sunken and dark; her eyes were red and swollen . . . but she held herself as rigid and upright as in church.
'Heavens!' thought the lady, 'she can eat at such a moment . . . what coarse feelings they have really, all of them!'
And at that point the lady recollected that when, a few years before, she had lost her little daughter, nine months old, she had refused, in her grief, a lovely country villa near Petersburg, and had spent the whole summer in town! Meanwhile the woman went on swallowing cabbage soup.
The lady could not contain herself, at last. 'Tatiana!' she said . . . 'Really! I'm surprised! Is it possible you didn't care for your son? How is it you've not lost your appetite? How can you eat that soup!'
'My Vasia's dead,' said the woman quietly, and tears of anguish ran once more down her hollow cheeks. 'It's the end of me too, of course; it's tearing the heart out of me alive. But the soup's not to be wasted; there's salt in it.'
The lady only shrugged her shoulders and went away. Salt did not cost her much.
May 1878.
# Dream Tales and Prose Poems/Poems in Prose/N. N.

N. N.
Calmly and gracefully thou movest along the path of life, tearless and smileless, and scarce a heedless glance of indifferent attention ruffles thy calm.
Thou art good and wise . . . and all things are remote from thee, and of no one hast thou need.
Thou art fair, and no one can say, whether thou prizest thy beauty or not. No sympathy hast thou to give; none dost thou desire. Thy glance is deep, and no thought is in it; in that clear depth is emptiness.
So in the Elysian field, to the solemn strains of Glück's melodies, move without grief or bliss the graceful shades.
November 1879.
# Dream Tales and Prose Poems/Poems in Prose/Necessitas-Vis-Libertas!

NECESSITAS—VIS—LIBERTAS!
A BAS-RELIEF
A tall, bony old woman, with iron face and dull, fixed look, moves with long strides, and, with an arm dry as a stick, pushes before her another woman.
This woman—of huge stature, powerful, thickset, with the muscles of a Hercules, with a tiny head set on a bull neck, and blind—in her turn pushes before her a small, thin girl.
​This girl alone has eyes that see; she resists, turns round, lifts fair, delicate hands; her face, full of life, shows impatience and daring. . . . She wants not to obey, she wants not to go, where they are driving her . . . but, still, she has to yield and go.
Necessitas—Vis—Libertas!
Who will, may translate.
May 1878.