OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Virginal

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​VIRGINAL, a stringed instrument played by means of a keyboard, like the modern pianoforte. It was in form like a box, or desk of wood without legs or supports, and was usually placed on a table or stand. The strings were of metal, one for each note, and the sound was made by means of pieces of quill, whalebone, leather, or occasionally elastic metal, attached to slips of wood called “jacks,” which were provided with metal springs. The compass was about three octaves. The virginal was a kind of oblong spinet, and the precursor of the harpsichord, now superseded by the pianoforte. The form virginals, a pair of virginals, is an old dual (as in organs, regals, a pair of organs) signifying a graduation or sequence.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Virginia, University of

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​VIRGINIA, UNIVERSITY OF, an educational non-sectarian institution in Charlottesville, Va.; founded in 1819; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 88; students, 1,243. President, Edwin A. Alderman, LL. D.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Virginia (daughter)

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​VIRGINIA, the daughter of Lucius Virginius, whom Appius Claudius, the decemvir, endeavored to carry off from her parents. Her father, finding he could not save her by any other means, slew her in the open forum and raised an insurrection, which overthrew the decemvirate and restored the old magistracy. This happened, it is said, in 449 B. C.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Virchow, Rudolf

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
VIRCHOW, RUDOLF, a German pathologist; born in Schivelbein, Pomerania, Oct. 13, 1821; studied medicine at Berlin; and early became famous as a lecturer on pathological anatomy at Berlin University. His advanced liberal opinions during the movement of 1848 induced the government to deprive him (temporarily) of his appointment. In 1849 he accepted a chair at Würzburg, where he remained seven years, returning to Berlin in the autumn of 1856 as professor in the university and director of the pathological institute attached to it. He rendered immense service to medical science by his discoveries in regard to inflammation, ulceration, tuberculosis, and numerous other morbid processes of the human body, and has had great influence on the whole of modern medicine, including hospital reform and sanitary science. In 1862 he was chosen deputy to the Prussian Diet, and became one of Bismarck's most powerful opponents in the Prussian Parliament and Reichstag, and a member of important commissions, etc. He was one of the founders of the German Anthropological Society, and an enthusiastic worker in this field, accumulating facts (partly in company with Schliemann) in Asia Minor, the Caucasus, Egypt and Nubia, etc. He was a voluminous writer, and among his important works are: “Cellular Pathology” (4th ed. 1871, translated into various languages); “Handbook of Special Pathology and Therapeutics”; “Typhoid”; “The Natural Sciences in the New National Life of Germany”; “The Freedom of Science in the Modern State.” He died at Berlin, Sept. 5, 1902.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Virgin Islands

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​VIRGIN ISLANDS, a group of small islands to the east of Porto Rico, part of which belong to the Leeward Islands, a British colony, and part to the United States. The American islands are St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. John, Vieques, and Quelebra. The three former, with 50 smaller ones, form the Danish West Indies. These were purchased by the United States from Denmark and were formally transferred on March 31, 1917. Payment of $25,000,000 was made for these islands. The islands belonging to the United States have a total area of 132 square miles, and a population of about 27,000. There are three cities, Charlotte Amalie, on the island of St. Thomas; Christiansted and Frederiksted on the island of St. Croix. Agriculture is the chief occupation of the inhabitants. The island of St. John is noted for its bay oil and St. Thomas for bay rum. The Islands are administered by a rear-admiral of the United States Navy.
© Brown & Dawson :
THE CITY AND HARBOR OF CHARLOTTE AMALIE, VIRGIN ISLANDS :
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Virginia (Minnesota)

* related portals: Minnesota.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, travel guide, Wikidata item.
Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​VIRGINIA, a city of Minnesota, in St. Louis co., about 75 miles N. W. of Duluth, on the Great Northern, the Duluth and Iron Range, and other railroads. There are flour mills, and a Carnegie library. Its prosperity and growth are based chiefly on the fact that it is the center of an important and prosperous iron mining and lumbering region. Pop. (1910) 10,473; (1920) 14,022.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Villard, Henry

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
VILLARD, HENRY, an American capitalist; born in Spire, Germany, April 11, 1835; received a good education; removed to the United States in 1853; and engaged in newspaper work in Chicago. In 1859, as a correspondent for the Cincinnati “Commercial,” he was sent to the Colorado gold region; and during the Civil War was a correspondent in Washington, D. C, for Eastern and Western papers. In 1873, as agent for German stockholders, he bought the Oregon and California railroad and the Oregon Steamship companies. In 1875 with C. S. Greeley he was made receiver of the Kansas Pacific railroad. He next formed the Oregon and Transcontinental Company, which afterward controlled the Oregon Railway and Navigation Company and the Northern Company. In 1881-1884 he was president of the Northern Pacific, and in 1889-1893 was chairman of the board of directors. In 1890 he purchased the Edison Machine Works in Schenectady, N. Y., and the Edison Lamp works in Newark, N. J., and from these organized the Edison General Electric Company, of which he was president for two years. He made liberal donations to charitable, educational, and religious enterprises, and published “The Pike's Peak Gold Regions.” He died in Dobbs Ferry, N. Y., Nov. 11, 1900.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Villard, Oswald Garrison

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
VILLARD, OSWALD GARRISON, an American writer and editor, born at Wiesbaden, Germany, in 1872. He was a grandson of William Lloyd Garrison, was educated at Harvard University, and received honorary degrees from Washington and Lee University and from Lafayette College. From 1894 to 1896 he was assistant in United States History at Harvard, from 1896 to 1897 a reporter on the Philadelphia "Press" and from 1897 to 1918 an editorial writer and president of the New York "Evening Post." After selling this newspaper, he became editor and owner of the New York "Nation." He was president of the board of the Manassas (Va.) Industrial School. Besides numerous magazine articles he wrote "John Brown — a Biography Fifty Years After" (1910); "Germany Embattled" (1915).
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Virginia City

* related portals: Nevada.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, travel guide, Wikidata item.
Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​VIRGINIA CITY, a city and county-seat of Storey co., Nev.; on the Virginia and Truckee railroad; 15 miles N. N. E. of Carson City. It is built on the E. slope of Mt. Davidson at an elevation of 7,825 feet above sea-level. Here are public and private schools, a mining school, court house, St. Mary's Hospital, a county hospital, banks, and several newspapers. The city owes its growth to the famous Comstock mines, from which have been taken over $900,000,000
# Cecilia/Advertisement

ADVERTISEMENT.
The indulgence shewn by the Public to Evelina, which, unpatronized, unaided, and unowned, past through Four Editions in one Year, has encouraged its Author to risk this SECOND attempt. The animation of success is too universally acknowledged, to make the writer of the following sheets dread much censure of temerity; though the precariousness of any power to give pleasure, suppresses all vanity of confidence, and sends CECILIA into the world with scarce more hope, though far more encouragement, than attended her highly-honoured predecessor, Evelina.
July, 1782
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Autos sacramentales

Autos sacramentales. (S.) Certain theatrical representations, as we learn from Father Menestrier, which the Spaniards formerly made in their churches expressly for great public and religious festivals, in which great musical skill was displayed.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Auvergne, Antoine D'

Auvergne, Antoine D'. Director of the Grand Opera at Paris in 1792.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Avella, Giovanni D'

Avella, Giovanni D', a Franciscan monk, published a book on the rules of music, at Rome, in 1657.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Autreau, J

Autreau, J., a painter, died in 1745. He wrote some French songs and an opera.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Automaton

Automaton. D'Alembert gives an account, in the "Encyclop�die M�thodique," of a gigantic mechanical flute player. It stood on a pedestal, in which some of the " works" were contained ; and not only blew into the flute, but, with its lips. increased or diminished the tones it forced out of the instrument, performing the legato and staccato passages to perfection. The fingering was also quite accurate. This marvellous flutist was exhibited in Paris in 1738, and was made by Jacques de Vaucanson, the prince of automaton contrivers. A full orchestra of clockwork musicians is quite possible. Maelzel, the inventor of the metronome, opened an exhibition in Vienna, in 1809, in which an automaton trumpeter, as large as life, performed with surprising accuracy and power.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Auvray, J. B

Auvray, J. B. Composer of some romance, and war songs at Paris, in 1797 and 1800.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Avanzolini, Girolamo

Avanzolini, Girolamo, a contrapuntist of the seventeenth century, published at Venice, in 1623, some psalms for eight voices, with the thorough bass.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Ave maria

Ave maria. (L.) The angel Gabriel's salutation to the Virgin Mary, when he brought the tidings of the incarnation. This expression has long since become a theme for musical composition in the Romish church, and is generally set in chorus.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Avantano, P

Avantano, P., an amateur of Naples, published in 1736, at Amsterdam, twelve sonatas for the violin and bass.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Avaux, D'

Avaux, D', a musical amateur violinist at Paris, published many symphonies and quartets between the years 1787 and 1795. He also wrote, in 1784, a letter on a newly-invented pendulum to measure time and music. We have not seen this work, but probably it takes away the merit of originality from the metronome of' Maelzel.
# Constitution of the Republic of Poland

* related portals: Constitutional documents, Poland.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Commons category, Wikidata item.
Enacted on 2 April 1997 by the National Assembly. Published on 16 July 1997 at Dz.U. z 1997 r. nr 78, poz. 483. Translation source: sejm.gov.pl/prawo/konst/angielski/kon1.htm, System Informacyjny Sejmu (sejm.gov.pl) by the Chancellery of the Sejm. Translation licence:
Having regard for the existence and future of our Homeland,
Which recovered, in 1989, the possibility of a sovereign and democratic determination of its fate,
We, the Polish Nation - all citizens of the Republic,
Both those who believe in God as the source of truth, justice, good and beauty,
As well as those not sharing such faith but drawing those universal values from other sources,
Equal in rights and obligations towards the common good - Poland,
Beholden to our ancestors for their labours, their struggle for independence achieved at great sacrifice, for our culture rooted in the Christian heritage of the Nation and in universal human values,
Recalling the best traditions of the First and the Second Republic,
Obliged to bequeath to future generations all that is valuable from our over one thousand years' heritage,
Bound in community with our compatriots dispersed throughout the world,
Aware of the need for cooperation with all countries for the good of the Human Family,
Mindful of the bitter experiences of the times when fundamental freedoms and human rights were violated in our Homeland,
Desiring to guarantee the rights of the citizens for all time, and to ensure diligence and efficiency in the work of public bodies,
Recognizing our responsibility before God or our own consciences,
Hereby establish this Constitution of the Republic of Poland as the basic law for the State, based on respect for freedom and justice, cooperation between the public powers, social dialogue as well as on the principle of subsidiarity in the strengthening the powers of citizens and their communities.
We call upon all those who will apply this Constitution for the good of the Third Republic to do so paying respect to the inherent dignity of the person, his or her right to freedom, the obligation of solidarity with others, and respect for these principles as the unshakeable foundation of the Republic of Poland.
* The Republic
* The Freedoms, Rights and Obligations of Persons and Citizens
* Sources of Law
* The Sejm and the Senate
* The President of the Republic of Poland
* The Council of Ministers and Government Administration
* Local Government
* Courts and Tribunals
* Organs of State Control and for Defence of Rights
* Public Finances
* Extraordinary Measures
* Amending the Constitution
* Final and Transitional Provisions
This work is a translation and has a separate copyright status to the applicable copyright protections of the original content.
# Constitution of the Republic of Poland/Chapter 12

AMENDING THE CONSTITUTION

## Article 235

* A bill to amend the Constitution may be submitted by the following: at least one-fifth of the statutory number of Deputies; the Senate; or the President of the Republic.
* Amendments to the Constitution shall be made by means of a statute adopted by the Sejm and, thereafter, adopted in the same wording by the Senate within a period of 60 days.
* The first reading of a bill to amend the Constitution may take place no sooner than 30 days after the submission of the bill to the Sejm.
* A bill to amend the Constitution shall be adopted by the Sejm by a majority of at least two-thirds of votes in the presence of at least half of the statutory number of Deputies, and by the Senate by an absolute majority of votes in the presence of at least half of the statutory number of Senators.
* The adoption by the Sejm of a bill amending the provisions of Chapters I, II or XII of the Constitution shall take place no sooner than 60 days after the first reading of the bill.
* If a bill to amend the Constitution relates to the provisions of Chapters I, II or XII, the subjects specified in para. 1 above may require, within 45 days of the adoption of the bill by the Senate, the holding of a confirmatory referendum. Such subjects shall make application in the matter to the Marshal of the Sejm, who shall order the holding of a referendum within 60 days of the day of receipt of the application. The amendment to the Constitution shall be deemed accepted if the majority of those voting express support for such amendment.
* After conclusion of the procedures specified in paras 4 and 6 above, the Marshal of the Sejm shall submit the adopted statute to the President of the Republic for signature. The President of the Republic shall sign the statute within 21 days of its submission and order its promulgation in the Journal of Laws of the Republic of Poland (Dziennik Ustaw).
# Constitution of Haïti

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* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Constitution of Haïti (1987)
* Constitution of Haïti (2012)
# Chapman v. Steinmetz

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
1788.
CHAPMAN verʃus STEINMETZ.
T
The Defendant contended that the damages ought not to be allowed, becaufe the hill was neither paid, nor accepted, in fatisfaction of the debt for which it was drawn ; and to prove this a receipt was produced from the Plaintiff in the following words:
‘‘ Received 1ft of Sept. 1784 of Mr. Jn. Steinmetz a fet of Bills dated
‘‘ the 30th of Auguft laft on John Bulkley and Co. of Liʃbon for Ł. 478.
‘‘ 17.7 Sterling, which when paid will be in full for the balance of
‘‘account due to the Eftate of the late Wm. Neate or London deceafed.’’
by the court.− It is clear that the bill was neither paid nor received in ʃatisfaction of the precedent debt, but upon the condition of its being honored: it has bot been honored ; confequently, the parties are in the fame fituation, as if it had never been drawn ; and the Plaintiff (who was in fact, agent for the drawer, and to receive the money as his fervant) cannot be entitled to recover damages. See I Shower 163. Debers and al. v. Harriot. The fame point was determined in Watts vs. Willing, tried the laft term.
Upon this opinion, Judgment was entered, by agreement of the parties, for the principal of the original debt, and intereft from the time that the accounts between them were liquidated.
Wilcocks for the Plaintiff. Ingerʃol for the Defendant.
# Chapman v. United States (365 U.S. 610)/Concurrence Black

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Concurring Opinions Black Frankfurter
* Dissenting Opinion Clark
United States Supreme Court
365 U.S. 610
Chapman v. United States (365 U.S. 610)
Argued: Feb. 23, 1961. --- Decided: April 3, 1961
Mr. Justice BLACK concurs in the result.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Chapman v. United States

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Chapman v. United States."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Chapman v. United States (164 U.S. 436)
* Chapman v. United States (365 U.S. 610)
* Chapman v. United States (500 U.S. 453)
# Chapman v. United States (365 U.S. 610)

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.

## Concurring Opinions

    Black
    Frankfurter

## Dissenting Opinion

    Clark
United States Supreme Court
365 U.S. 610
Chapman v. United States (365 U.S. 610)
Argued: Feb. 23, 1961. --- Decided: April 3, 1961
Mr. J. Sewell Elliott, Macon, Ga., for petitioner.
Mr. Robert S. Erdahl, Washington, D.C., for respondent.
Mr. Justice WHITTAKER delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Chapman v. Smith

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
57 U.S. 114
Chapman v. Smith

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Chapman v. United States (164 U.S. 436)

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
164 U.S. 436
Chapman v. United States
Geo. F. Edmunds and J. M. Wilson, for plaintiff in error.
Sol. Gen. Conrad, for the United States.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 436-446 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Chief Justice FULLER, after stating the facts in the foregoing language, delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan/Preface

Layout 2
PREFACE
The National Assembly of Pakistan passed the Constitution on 10th April, 1973, the President of the Assembly authenticated it on 12th April, 1973 and the Assembly published the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Since then, a number of amendments have been made therein and it has become necessary and expedient that an up-to-date and authentic version of the Constitution be published by the Assembly.
This Eighth Edition, which is intended to provide an updated version of the Constitution, incorporates all amendments made in it till date.
TAHIR HUSSAIN
Secretary,
National Assembly of Pakistan.
ISLAMABAD:
The 31st May, 2018
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/2002-06-20/Chapter 11

Chapter 11
Security Services
Governing principles
198.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Establishment, structuring and conduct of security services
199.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(a)
(b)
(8)
Defence
Defence force
200.
(1)
(2)
Political responsibility
201.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(4)
Command of defence force
202.
(1)
(2)
State of national defence
203.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(2)
(3)
Defence civilian secretariat
204.
Police
Police service
205.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Political responsibility
206.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(4)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(5)
(a)
(b)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
Control of police service
207.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(a)
(b)
(5)
(6)
Police civilian secretariat
208.
Intelligence
Establishment and control of intelligence services
209.
(1)
(2)
Powers, functions and monitoring
210.
(a)
(b)
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/2002-06-20/Chapter 3

Chapter 3
Co-operative Government
Government of the Republic
40.
(1)
(2)
Principles of co-operative government and intergovernmental relations
41.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(3)
(4)
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/2002-04-26/Schedule 7

Schedule 7
Laws Repealed
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/2002-06-20/Chapter 1

Chapter 1
Founding Provisions
Republic of South Africa
1.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Supremacy of Constitution
2.
Citizenship
3.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(3)
National anthem
4.
National flag
5.
Languages
6.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(4)
(5)
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/2002-06-20/Chapter 12

Chapter 12
Traditional Leaders
Recognition
211.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Role of traditional leaders
212.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/2002-06-20/Chapter 13

Chapter 13
Finance
General Financial Matters
National Revenue Fund
213.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(3)
Equitable shares and allocations of revenue
214.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
National, provincial and municipal budgets
215.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
Treasury control
216.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(4)
(5)
(a)
(b)
Procurement
217.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(3)
Government guarantees
218.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Remuneration of persons holding public office
219.
(1)
(a)
Council of Provinces, members of the Cabinet, Deputy Ministers, traditional leaders and members of any councils of traditional leaders; and
(b)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Financial and Fiscal Commission
Establishment and functions
220.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Appointment and tenure of members
221.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
terms of section 163; and
(d)
(2)
(3)
Reports
222.
Central Bank
Establishment
223.
Primary object
224.
(1)
(2)
Powers and functions
225.
Provincial and Local Financial Matters
Provincial Revenue Funds
226.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(3)
(4)
(a)
(b)
National sources of provincial and local government funding
227.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Provincial taxes
228.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
(a)
(b)
Municipal fiscal powers and functions
229.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(4)
(5)
Provincial loans
230.
(1)
(2)
Municipal loans
230A.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)