# The Tribes of Burma/Bibliographical notes/Karens
#### THE KARENS.

References :
MC.MAHON = "The Karens of the Golden Chersonese." Culonel A. McMahor, London, 1876.
BROWN = "Elementary Handbook of the Red Karen Language." Captain R. T. R. Brown, Rangoon, 1900.
| Serial No. | Head. | Brief description. | Authority. | Page. |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 1 | Present habitat. | East and south of Lower Burma, west and south of Shan States. | Burma Census Report, 1901, Part I. | 121 |
| 2 | Origin ... | Central Asia, between China and Tibet. | British Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I. British Burma Gazetteer, Vol. II. McMahon ... ... Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. Brown ... ... | 162 227 90 523 1 |
| 3 | Political and social divisions. | Sgaw, Pwo, Bghai ... | British Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I. British Burma Gazetteer, Vol. II. Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. Burma Census Report, 1901, Part I. Bmma Census Report, 1891, Vol. I. | 166 226 524 121 206 |
| 4 | Allied tribes | Taungthus | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 524 |
| 5 | Language and dialects. | Language described ... Placed in the Sinitic group of the Siamese-Chinese branch of the Tibeto-Chinese family. | British Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I. Burma Census Report, 1901, Part I. Brown ... ... Burma Census Report, 1891, Vol. I. Imperial Gazetteer of India (Edition 1907), Vol. I. | 169 86 164 394 |
| 6 | Religion | Animistic nature described. | British Burma Gazetteer, Vol. II. Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. Burma Census Report, 1901, Part I. M. and B. Ferrars, "Burma," London, 1900. | 238 525, 538 37 151 |
| 7 | Birth ceremonies. | Disposal of navel string, naming, etc. | British Burma Gazetteer, Vol. II. McMahon ... ... Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 229 319 526, 534, 538, 541, 553 |
| 8 | Magic and witchcraft. | Witchcraft; stone worship ; divination ; superstitions. Harvest ceremonies. Fowl's bones. | British Burma Gazetteer, Vol.II. McMahon ... ... Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I.  Brown ... ... | 241 126, 139 526, 530 539, 543 553, 548 4 |
| 9 | Initiatory ceremonies. | Teeth staining among Bres. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 534 |
| 10 | Totems and tribal marks. | Red Karens, rising sun tattooed on back. | British Burma Gazetteer, Vol. II. Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 243 529 |
| 11 | Marriage customs and ceremonies. | Betrothals, marriage, endogamy, couvade, etc. | British Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I. British Burma Gazetteer, Vol. II. Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I.  "Burma." Sir G. Scott, London, 1906. | 383 230 527, 537, 540, 541, 547, 552 117, 123 |
| 12 | Marital relations. | Chastity and divorce ... | British Burma Gazetteer, Vol. II. Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, rart I. | 231 527, 537, 540, 541 |
| 13 | Treatment of widows. | Widows, neglect of ... | British Burma Gazetteer, Vol. II. | 231 |
| 14 | Death and burial ceremonies. | Disposal of dead, etc., coffin, etc. | British Burma Gazetteer, Vol. II. McMahon ... Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. M. and B. Ferrars, "Burma," London, 1900. | 231 317 527, 535, 541, 548 153 |
| 15 | Clothing ... | Dress described ... Men—jackets, and either loin cloth or short pants. Women—ordinarily smock and skirt. | British Burma Gazetteer, Vol. II. McMahon ... Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I.  Brown         ... A. R. Colquhoun, Amongst the Shans, London, 1885. | 228 282 524, 532 533, 536, 543-552 2 65 |
| 16 | Personal ornaments. | Neck, head and leg ornaments. | British Burma Gazetteer, Vol. II. McMahon ... Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I.  "Burma," Sir G. Scott, London, 1906. | 243 291 525, 532, 533, 537, 543-552 123 |
| 17 | Painting and tattooing. | Vide "Tribal marks." Teeth staining among Bres. Tattooed squares under chins among Loilong Karens. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 534 543 |
| 18 | Games and amusements. | Dancing ... Transfixing bamboo hoops. | McMahon ... ... M. and B. Ferrars, "Burma," London, 1900. | 289 152 |
| 19 | War ... | Warfare, treatment of prisoners, etc. | British Burma Gazetteer, Vol. II. | 232 |
| 20 | Hunting | Disposal of heads of animals killed in the chase ; offerings to spirits of the hunt on behalf of hunting dogs, decoys, etc. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. M. and B. Ferrars, "Burma," London, 1900 | 543, 548 152 |
| 21 | Agriculture ... | Cultivation, harvest festivals., etc. | British Burma Gazetteer, Vol. II. Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. M. and B. Ferrars, "Burma," London, 1900 | 241, 239 535, 536, 542 149 |
| 22 | Habitations ... | Houses, etc. ... | British Burma Gazetteer, Vol. II. | 228 |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 23 | Government ... | Government ... | British Burma Gazetteer, Vol. II. McMahon ... ... | 232  81 |
| 24 | Laws ... | Laws of inheritance, etc. | British Burma Gazetteer, Vol. II. | 237 |
| 25 | Covenants, oaths, ordeals | Water and tree ordeal... | McMahon ... ... | 331 |
| 26 | Property ... | Hereditary family holdings among Bres. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 535 |
| 27 | Slavery | Slavery; captured prisoners. | British Burma Gazetteer, Vol. II. Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. A. R. Colquhoun, Amongst the Shans, London, 1885. | 237 533 69 |
| 28 | Music and poetry. | Gourd instrument, bronze drums. | McMahon ... ... M. and B. Ferrars, " Burma," London, 1900. | 329 153 |
| 29 | Arts, e.g., pottery, weaving, dyeing. | Tradition about weaving among Loilong Karens, consequent closing of looms. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 543 |
| 30 | Engineering and implements. | Weapons, cross-bows, spears, etc. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. British Burma Gazetteer, Vol. II. | 533 232 |
| 31 | Miscellaneous customs in regard to fire water, etc. | Fire in cemetery, responsibility for— among Mepu Karens. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part 1. | 553 |
| 32 | Chronology ... | Names of months, etc. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 529 |
| 33 | Food, tobacco, etc. | Feasts. Red Karens. Khaung ; use of pipes, etc. | British Burma Gazetteer, Vol. II. McMahon ... ... Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 244 94 550, 532, 535 |
| 34 | Miscellaneous, folklore, etc. | River of running sand. Traditions of creation and fall. | British Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I. | 163 |
| 35 | Anthropometric data. | Sgaw. Pwo. Cephalic index. 82.1 82.5 Facial index 127.4 123.6 Height standing. 159.8 160.9 | Anthropometric data from Burma. B. Gupta, Calcutta, 1906, | 172 |