OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Verweis

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Verweis. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Verweis, masculine, ‘reprimand, censure,’ from the equivalent late Middle High German verwîȥ, masculine; allied to verweisen, from Middle High German verwîȥen, Old High German firwîȥan, strong verb, ‘to reprimand, censure.’ Compare Dutch verwijt, neuter, ‘reprimand,’ and verwijten, ‘to reproach, upbraid,’ Gothic fraweitan, ‘to revenge. The meaning ‘to punish ‘also belonged to the simple stem, as is shown by Old Saxon wîti, Old High German wîȥȥi (wîzzi), Middle High German wîȥe (wîtze), neuter, ‘punishment, tortures of hell.’ The Teutonic root wī̆t, ‘to punish,’ is based on the common Aryan root wid, ‘to see,’ on which are based Latin videre, Greek ἰδεῖν (for further cognates of this root see wissen); compare Gothic faírweitjan, ‘to look around,’ and witan, ‘to observe.’ The development of meaning is usually compared with that of Latin animadvertere, ‘to perceive, punish.’ Hence Verweis is not directly connected with weisen; to the latter verweisen, ‘to misdirect’ (obsolete), is allied. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Vielfraß

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Vielfraß. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Vielfraß, masculine, ‘glutton, Ursus gulo,’ Modern High German only, a corruption of Scandinavian fjallfress, masculine, ‘mountain bear.’ —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Vettel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Vettel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Vettel, feminine, ‘slut,’ from late Middle High German vëtel, feminine; formed from the equivalent Latin vetula.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Visier

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Visier. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Visier, neuter ‘visor,’ borrowed in the 15th century from the equivalent Italian visiera, French visière.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Vizdom

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Vizdom. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Vizdom, masculine, ‘viceregent,’ from Middle High German viztuom, masculine, ‘governor, administrator’; formed from vicedominus, whence also French vidame.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Vieh

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Vieh. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Vieh, neuter, ‘cattle, beast,’ from the equivalent Middle High German vihe, vëhe (with the dialectic variant vich, Modern High German Viech), Old High German fihu, fëhu, neuter. The word is common to Teutonic and Aryan; compare Gothic faíhu, Anglo-Saxon feoh, Dutch vee, ‘cattle.’ Corresponding to the equivalent Sanscrit paçu, Latin pecu, pecus, which point to Aryan péku, ‘cattle.’ The word was probably applied originally only to domestic cattle (compare also Tier, Mann), for Sanscrit paçu has the special sense ‘flock,’ and Latin pecus, ‘small cattle, sheep.’ Hence it is easily explicable how the word acquired in several groups the meanings ‘goods, possession, money’ (concerning the system of barter compare also Schaf); compare Latin pecûlium, ‘property,’ pecûnia, ‘property, money,’ Gothic faíhu, ‘money,’ Anglo-Saxon feoh, ‘cattle, money,’ English fee.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Vesper

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Vesper. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Vesper, feminine, ‘vespers, evening,’ from the equivalent Middle High German vësper, Old High German vëspera, feminine, which was adopted contemporaneously with monastic institutions (compare Mette and None), from Latin vespera (whence also Italian vespro, French vêpre). The primitive kinship of the Latin with the Middle High German and Old High German word is inconceivable, because the correspondence of Latin v with Old High German v (f) is found only in Old High German loan-words (see Vogt and Käfig).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Vetter

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Vetter. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Vetter, masculine, ‘cousin,’ from Middle High German vęter, vętere, masculine, ‘father's brother, brother's son,’ Old High German fętiro, faterro, fatureo, masculine, ‘uncle’; for the change of meanings compare Neffe and Oheim. The earlier meaning is ‘father's brother,’ as is indicated by the clear connection with Vater, by Anglo-Saxon fœdera, ‘uncle’ (with faðu, ‘aunt’), and also by the non-Teutonic correspondences which point to Aryan paturyo-, patrwyo-, ‘uncle on the father's side.’ Compare Latin patruus, Greek πάτρως (from *πάτραος), Sanscrit pîtṛvya, Zend tûirya (from *ptûrya), ‘fathers brother.’ In Modern High German dialects Vetter has acquired the signification of Pfetter, ‘sponsor, godfather’ (Middle High German pfętter, equivalent to Italian patrino, see Pate), perhaps by connecting it with Gevatter.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Vierteil

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Vierteil. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Vierteil, neuter, ‘quarter’; for the suffix, see Teil.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Verweser

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Verweser. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Verweser, masculine, ‘administrator, manager,’ cannot of course be derived from the preceding word; it belongs to Middle High German verwësen, ‘to manage, provide, look after’; Gothic *faúrawisan, ‘to manage,’ recalls Gothic *faúragaggja, ‘steward’ (literally ‘predecessor’); thus the prefixes ver- of the two Middle High German words verwësen are of different origin.
# American Trucking Associations v. Frisco Transportation Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
358 U.S. 133
American Trucking Associations v. Frisco Transportation Company
Argued: Oct. 13, 1958. --- Decided: Dec 15, 1958
Mr. Robert W. Ginnane, New York City, for appellant Interstate Commerce Commission.
Mr. Peter T. Beardsley, Washington, D.C., for appellants American Trucking Ass'ns et al.
Mr. Ernest D. Grinnell, Jr., St. Louis, Mo., for appellee.
Mr. Chief Justice WARREN delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# American Trucking Associations v. United States Railway Labor Executives' Association

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
355 U.S. 141
American Trucking Associations v. United States Railway Labor Executives' Association
Argued: Oct. 23, 1957. --- Decided: Dec 9, 1957
[Syllabus from pages 141-142 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Peter T. Beardsley, Washington, D.C., for appellants American Trucking Ass'ns et al.
Mr. Edward J. Hickey, Jr., Washington, D.C., for appellants Railway Labor Executives' Ass'n et al.
Mr. Robert W. Ginnane, Washington, D.C., for appellee Interstate Commerce Commission.
Mr. A. B. Howland, Des Monies, Iowa, for intervening appellee Rock Island Motor Transit Co.
Mr. Justice CLARK delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# American Trucking Associations, Inc. v. United States (382 U.S. 373)/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
382 U.S. 373
American Trucking Associations, Inc. v. United States (382 U.S. 373)
The motion of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Company et al. to be added as parties appellee, is granted.
The motions to affirm are granted and the judgment is affirmed.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# American Trucking Associations v. Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
387 U.S. 397
American Trucking Associations v. Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Company
Argued: April 13 and 17, 1967. --- Decided: May 29, 1967
See 88 S.Ct. 11.
[Syllabus from pages 397-399 intentionally omitted]
Robert W. Ginnane and Richard R. Sigmon, Washington, D.C., for appellants.
Thormund A. Miller, Francis M. Shea, Washington, D.C., Paul R. Duke, Philadelphia, Pa., and D. Robert Thomas, Chicago, Ill., for appellees.
Mr. Justice FORTAS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/beschuppen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry beschuppen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ beschuppen, verb, ‘to scale, deceive,’ from Low German; the cognate words of the same group show that pf, not pp, is the strictly High German form. It seems to belong to the stem of Old Icelandic skopa, ‘to deride’; Middle Dutch scop, ‘derision.’ To the same stem belongs an Old Teutonic term for ‘poet,’ Anglo-Saxon scop, Old High German scopf, which, on account of its meaning, is important for the right conception of poetic composition among our ancestors.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/bescheiden

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry bescheiden. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ bescheiden, verb, ‘to distribute, assign, summon,’ from Middle High German bescheiden, Old High German bisceidan, ‘to divide, decide, relate, report.’ The Modern High German and Middle High German participle bescheiden, meant originally ‘definite,’ then ‘clear, distinct, intelligible, prudent.’ See scheiden.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/beschummeln

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry beschummeln. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ beschummeln, verb, ‘to deceive,’ from schummeln, ‘to worry.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/bersten

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry bersten. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ bersten, ‘to burst, crack,’ from Middle High German brësten, Old High German brëstan, ‘to break, tear, burst,’ impersonal ‘to be wanting, lacking’; er for re is properly Low German and Middle German; compare Dutch bersten, Anglo-Saxon berstan, English to burst. Compare farther the Aryan root bhrest (cognate with the root of brechen), in Old Irish brissim, ‘I break’ (ss from st).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/beschnäufeln

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry beschnäufeln. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ beschnäufeln, beschnüffeln, beschnuppern, verb, ‘to sniff at’; akin to the English verbs to snivel, snuff, snuffle, and schnaufen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/beschwichtigen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry beschwichtigen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ beschwichtigen, verb, ‘to appease, compose.’ The Germans connect this word instinctively with schweigen; it forced its way, however, in the last half of the preceding century from Low German into the written language, and its cht is the earlier High German ft; it corresponds to Middle High German swiften, ‘to pacify,’ Old High German swiftôn, ‘to be quiet.’ The stem is the same as in Gothic sweiban, ‘to cease, leave off’; with this the cognates of schweigen accord fairly well both in sound and meaning; the Teutonic root swī̆b, swī̆g, is based upon the Aryan swī̆q (swī̆g in Greek σϊγάω; see under schweigen).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/beraumen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry beraumen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ beraumen, see anberaumen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/bergen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry bergen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ bergen, verb, ‘to hide, recover (from shipwreck)’, from Middle High German bërgen, ‘to hide, secure,’ Old High German bërgan; compare Gothic bairgan, gabairgan, ‘to keep, preserve,’ Anglo-Saxon beorgan, Middle English bergen, ‘to preserve, protect.’ There are other English words with a different though allied meaning; Anglo-Saxon byrgan, English to bury; Anglo-Saxon byrgels (Old Low German burgisli), English burials, burial. For a similar division of a primary meaning see under befehlen. The root berg, burg, pre-Teutonic bhergh, bhṛgh, with the primary meaning ‘to lay somewhere for safe keeping,’ is found outside the Teutonic group only in Old Slovenian brêgą, ‘I take care (of), wait upon.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/bereit

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry bereit. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ bereit, adjective, ‘ready, prepared,’ from ​Middle High German bereit, bereite, Old High German bireiti, ‘ready and willing, obliging; armed, ready’; compare Anglo-Saxon gerœ̂de, rœ̂de, English ready; Gothic garaids, ‘appointed,’ does not correspond exactly. The word may belong to the root discussed under reiten (compare Old High German reita, ‘carriage’), with the original sense of ‘to equip with armour’; like fertig, it would thus mean properly ‘ready for a journey’; compare Old Irish ríadaim, ‘I am going on a journey,’ ríad, ‘practicable (of a route), passable.’ On account of the similarity in meaning compare fertig.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/berüchtigt

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry berüchtigt. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ berüchtigt, ‘infamous, notorious,’ a participle adjective from a weak verb used even by Luther — berüchtigen, ‘to defame,’ for. which berüchten was the common form in the 16th and 17th centuries. Compare Gerücht, as well as anrüchig and ruchbar; all these words are cognate with rufen, and are derived, as is shown by the ch for f before t, from Low German.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/kränken

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry kränken. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ kränken, ‘to make ill,’ from Middle High German krenken, ‘to torment, grieve,’ properly ‘to lessen, humiliate.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/kund

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry kund. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ kund, adjective, ‘known, manifest,’ from Middle High German kunt(d), Old High German chund, adjective, ‘become acquainted, noted, known.’ It corresponds to Gothic kunþs, ‘noted,’ Old Saxon cûth, Anglo-Saxon cûþ, ‘noted,’ English couth (now only in the compound uncouth). A common Teutonic adjective in the form kunþa-, from the non-permutated gń-to-, which is properly a participle in to- from the verbal stem of the root gō̆n, gnô, discussed under können, kennen, ​and kühn. For other participles formed into adjectives see under laut.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/kunterbunt

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry kunterbunt. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ kunterbunt, adjective, ‘higgledy-piggledy,’ Modern High German only; in Middle High German, however, kuntervêch, adjective, which means ‘variegated, strange as a Kunter,’ i.e. ‘monster’. But while Middle High German kunter, ‘monster,’ and Old High German chuntar, ‘herd, drove of cattle’ (cognate with Old Slovenian ženą, Lithuanian genù, ‘I drive cattle’?), are Upper German, kunterbunt is properly Low German. Both Middle High German kuntervêch and Modern High German kunterbunt are imitations of Middle High German kunterfeit, literally ‘contrafactus, not genuine’; from this in Middle High German (Middle German) a word kunter, ‘what is false, deceptive,’ was deduced.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/kühn

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry kühn. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ kühn, adjective, ‘bold, daring,’ from Middle High German küen, küene, Old High German chuoni, ‘bold, eager for combat, strong’; compare the non-mutated variant in the Middle High German and Old High German derivative kuonheit, ‘boldness,’ and in the Old High German adverb chuono. It corresponds to Middle Low German koene, Dutch koen, Anglo-Saxon cêne, ‘bold,’ English keen (the adjective is obsolete in Suabian and Bavarian); Scandinavian kœ́nn, ‘wise, experienced.’ The latter must at one time have been the prevalent sense in West Teutonic also, as is proved by the Modern High German proper name Konrad; Old High German and Middle High German Kuonrât (without mutation, like Old High German and Middle High German kuonheit), Anglo-Saxon Cênrêd (Gothic *Kônirêþs), may have meant ‘giving wise advice.’ Teutonic kôn-i- (literally ‘one that can understand, sensible’) is originally a verbal adjective from the verb kennen, können, hence the West Teutonic sense ‘bold,’ compared with the Old Icelandic meaning, must be regarded as derivative. All intellectual and moral conceptions of the Old Teutonic period are related more or less to war and conflict (compare bald, schnell, and Krieg).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/kurz

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry kurz. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ kurz, adjective, ‘short,’ from the equivalent Middle High German and Old High German kurz; a very curious loanword from Latin curtus. What may have led to its adoption is even more obscure than in the case of sicher (from Latin securus). The assumption of its being borrowed is supported only by the form kurt (without the change of t to z), which appears also in strictly Upper German records; compare Old High German porta, pforta, and pforza, from Latin porta. The form curt is Old Saxon and Old Frisian; compare also Dutch kort and Icelandic kortr. The Latin loan-word passed by degrees into all the Teutonic dialects except English, which preserved an Old Teutonic word for ‘short’ with which the Latin word, from its close resemblance in sound, has been confused — Anglo-Saxon sceort, English short (compare Old High German skurz, ‘short’); these cannot, on account of their want of permutation, be primitively allied to Latin curtus. For the cognates of English short see Schürze.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/künftig

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry künftig. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ künftig, adjective, ‘to come, future,’ from the equivalent Middle High German kümftec, Old High German kumftîg.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/kämmen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry kämmen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ kämmen, verb, ‘to comb, card (wool),’ is a verbal noun; Modern High German kęmmen, Old High German chemben, chęmpen; Anglo-Saxon cęmban. In Upper German the term strählen is current, Strähl too being the word for ‘comb.’