OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Savary, Anne Jean Marie René, Duc de Rovigo

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​SAVARY (sä-vä-rē′), ANNE JEAN MARIE RENÉ, DUC DE ROVIGO, a French military officer; born in Marcq, France, April 26, 1774. He entered the army as a volunteer in 1790, served with distinction on the Rhine, in Egypt, and in the battle of Marengo (1800). Napoleon made him commander of his bodyguard and employed him in diplomatic affairs. In 1804, as commandant of the troops stationed at Vincennes, he presided at the execution of the Duc d'Enghien; and in the wars of 1806-1808 he acquired high military reputation at Jena, in the capture of Hameln, and by his victory at Ostrolenka (Feb. 16, 1807). Created Duke of Rovigo, he was sent to Spain, and negotiated the perfidious arrangement by which the Spanish king and his son were kidnapped. In 1810 he superseded Fouché as minister of police. After the fall of Napoleon he wished to accompany him to St. Helena; but he was confined by the British Government at Malta, making his escape finally to Smyrna. He returned to Paris in 1818. In 1831 he was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the army in Algeria; but ill-health caused him to resign. He wrote his “Memoirs” in 1828. He died in Paris, June 2, 1833.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Scheelite

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
SCHEELITE, native calcium tungstate, CaWO$_4$, an important ore of tungsten. Occurs as a pale-colored, stony looking mineral. Owing to its unusual heaviness it was given the name tungsten by the Swedes, meaning “heavy stone.” The name was later used to describe the metal when it was discovered in 1781 by K. W. Scheele, while the ore itself was given the name scheelerz or scheelite.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Scheffel, Joseph Victor von

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
SCHEFFEL, JOSEPH VICTOR VON (shef'el), a German author; born in Karlsruhe, Germany, Feb. 16, 1826. In
1854 he published his famous epic poem, “The Trumpeter of Säckingen.” The historical novel “Ekkehard” came out in
1857. “Gaudeamus” (1868) is a collection of lyrics, many of which became favorite student songs. “Mountain Psalms” (1870) is a collection of poems. He died April 9, 1886.
JOSEPH VICTOR VON SCHEFFEL
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Save

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​SAVE (säv), or SAU (sow), a river of Jugoslavia. It rises in the Julian Alps; flows S. E. through Carniola, separates Carniola from Styria, flows through Croatia, and after a course of about 540 miles joins the Danube at Belgrade. It is in great part navigable.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Scheff, Fritzi

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
SCHEFF, FRITZI, an Austro-American prima donna, born in Vienna, Austria, in 1882. She received her musical education at Frankfort, Germany, and appeared on the operatic stage for the first time at the Munich Opera House, in 1900. In 1902 she made her first appearance at the Metropolitan Opera House, New York, remaining a member of its company under the management of Maurice Grau, from 1900 to 1903. In the latter year she appeared in New York for the first time in a musical comedy, to which work she devoted herself until 1913. From 1913 to 1918 she appeared principally in vaudeville, returning in the latter year to the musical opera stage in “Glorianna.” She was married three times; first to Baron von Bardeleben of the German army, second to John Fox, Jr. (q. v.), and third to George Anderson, an actor.
# Civil War in Nationalist China

page
The Voice of Militant Labor
OUR PROGRAM IS:
International Trade Union Unity
Organization of the Unorganized
Formation of a Labor Party
For Aggressive Unionism
Against Class Collaboration
For Amalgamation of Craft Unions
Democratization of the Unions
EARL BROWDER, Editor
Published twice a month, at $1 per year, by
LABOR UNIT PUBLISHING ASSOCIATION
376 W. Monroe Street
Chicago. Ill.
page
A HISTORIC MOMENT IN THE CHINESE LABOR MOVEMENT
Demonstration on streets of the British Colony of Hongkong, (1922), to celebrate the surrender of the British Government to the striking Seamen's Union. The workers are watching the police replace the Union sign over the Seamen's Union office, while they shout "Down with Imperialism." The first victory of the Chinese Revolution.
page
Civil War In Nationalist China
By EARL BROWDER (Member of the International Workers' Delegation to China, January-June, 1927
Published by LABOR UNITY PUBLISHING ASSOCIATION CHICAGO
1927
page
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
I. THE SPLIT IN THE NATIONALIST MOVEMENT
1. Visit of the International Delegation 2. First Glimpses of the Split 3. Counter-Revolution in Kanchow 4. The Split In the Army 6. An Idyllic Interlude 6. Civil War in Kiangsi Province
II. THE UNTED FRONT AGAINST CHIANG KAI-SHEK
7. Leftward Swing of the Kuomintang 8. Development of Revolutionary Forces 9. Struggle Against Chiang Kai-shek 10. A Chinese "Napoleon" 11. Favorable Developments in the Amy 12. "A Part of the World Revolution"
III. THE CHINESE LABOR MOVEMENT
13. Historical Sketch of Trade Union Movement 14. Textile Workers Union of Wuhan 16. Wages and Working Conditions in Canton 16. Conditions in the Interior 17. At Hankow
IV. THE AGRARIAN REVOLUTION
18. Land Ownership and Distribution 19. The Peasant Uniom
V. THE BREAKUP OF THE WUHAN GOVERNMENT
20. Land—The Crucial Question 21. Betrayal of the Generals 22. Perspectives.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published in 1927, before the cutoff of January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1973, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 50 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Civil Union Amendment Act, 2020

* related portals: Marriage, Acts of the Parliament of South Africa.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
Act No. 8 of 2020, amending the Civil Union Act, 2006. Came into force upon publication on 22 October 2020.
(English text signed by the President.) (Assented to 20 October 2020.)
Act
To amend the Civil Union Act, 2006, by repealing a section; and to provide for matters connected therewith.
Be it enacted by the Parliament of the Republic of South Africa, as follows:—
Repeal of section 6 of Act 17 of 2006
1. Section 6 of the Civil Union Act, 2006 (hereinafter referred to as the principal Act), is hereby repealed.
Transitional provision
2. (1) Any exemption granted by the Minister in terms of section 6 of the principal Act, prior to the commencement of this Act, lapses 24 months from the date of commencement of this Act.
(2) The Minister must ensure that there is a marriage officer, other than a marriage officer referred to in section 5 of the principal act, available to solemnise a civil union at every Department of Home Affairs office.
Short title and commencement
3. This Act is called the Civil Union Amendment Act, 2020.
This work is in the public domain because it was created and first published in South Africa and it is an official text of a legislative, administrative or legal nature, or an official translation of such a text.
According to the Copyright Act, 1978, § 12 (8) (a), "No copyright shall subsist in official texts of a legislative, administrative or legal nature, or in official translations of such texts."
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/St. Deusdedit

From volume 4 of the work.
A native of Wessex, England, whose Saxon name was Frithona, and of whose early life nothing is known; d. 14 July, 664. He was the sixth Archbishop of Canterbury (655-664), and was the first Anglo-Saxon to hold the primacy. He was consecrated at Canterbury in 655, by Ithamar, the first Saxon Bishop of Rochester, in succession to Honorius, thus commencing the long line of English archbishops, which was broken but once, and that by his immediate successor, Theodore. Little is known of the primacy of Deusdedit. Most of the other bishops during his time were of either Celtic or French origin. Of the seven or eight consecrated during the nine years of his primacy only one received consecration from him, viz. Damian, Bishop of Rochester, consecrated in 656, and this is the sole official act of his that is known with absolute certainly. He is said to have hallowed Wulfhere's church Medehampstede (Peterborough) in Mercia, the charter of which, dated 657, contains his signature, but from the fact that it also contains the names of Ithamar and Tuda a difficulty arises. Haddan and Stubbs, who print the charter (Councils of Great Britain and Ireland), consider the foundation of this monastery to have been not earlier than 664. The archbishop's name is given by Simeon of Durham as the consecrator of the seventy nuns of St. Eormenburga's convent in Thanet, but the statement lacks confirmation. St. Deusdedit died on the same day as Erconbert, King of Kent, and was buried in St. Peter's porch at Canterbury.
GOZELIN, "Life of Deusdedit," printed in the BOLLANDISTS under 15 July; HOOK, "Lives of the Abps. Of Canterbury" (London, 1860-75); HOLE in "Dict.Christ. Biog. (London, 1877); STANTON, "Menology of England and Wales" (London, 1887); ARCHER in "Dict. Nt. Biog." (London, 1888).
G. CYPRIAN ALSTON
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/St. Didacus

From volume 4 of the work.
[Spanish = San Diego.]
Lay brother of the Order of Friars Minor, date of birth uncertain; died at Alcalá, Spain, 12 Nov., 1463.
He was born of poor parents who placed him under the direction of a hermit living in the neighborhood of San Nicolas del Puerto, his native town. Feeling himself called to the religious life, he applied for admission to the Franciscan Order at the convent of Arizafa and was received as a lay brother. In 1445 he was chosen guardian of the Franciscan community on the Canary Island of Fortaventura; and though it was an exception to the ordinary rules for a lay brother to be made superior, his great zeal, prudence, and sanctity fully justified his choice by the religious of Castile. He remained superior at Fortaventura until 1449 when he was recalled to Spain, whence he went to Rome to be present at the canonization of St. Bernardine of Siena in 1450. At Rome he fulfilled the humble office of infirmarian in the convent of Ara Coeli; and his biographers record the miraculous cure of many whom he attended, through his pious intercession. He was finally recalled to Spain and was sent by his superiors to Alcalá where he spent the remaining years of his life in penance, solitude, and the delights of contemplation. St. Didacus was canonized by Sixtus V in 1588. His feast is kept in the order on the twelfth of November.
WADDING, Annales Minorum (Rome, 1732), XIII, 281-321; LEO, Lives of the Saints and Blessed of the Three Orders of St. Francis (Taunton, 1887), IV, 53-60.
STEPHEN M. DONOVAN
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/St. Dinooth

From volume 4 of the work.
(DINOTHUS, DUNAWD, DUNOD).
Founder and first Abbot of Bangor Iscoed (Flintshire); flourished between 500 and 542. He was originally a North British chieftain driven by reverses of fortune into Wales. In conjunction with his three sons, Deiniol, Cynwyl, and Gwarthan, and under the patronage of Cyngen, Prince of Powys, he founded the monastery of Bangor on the Dee, which must not be confounded with Bangor in Carnarvonshire, founded by St. Deiniol in 514, and afterwards a cathedral city. The community at Bangor was very numerous, and the laus perennis was established there. The Triads say there were 2400 monks, who in turn, 100 each hour, sang the Divine Service day and night. More is known of this famous monastery than of its founder. He is mentioned by Bede (Hist. Eccl., ii. 2) in connection with the second conference at Augustine's Oak, but no authority is given for the statement, and there are arguments against its correctness. The Conference was probably held in 602 or 603, at which time St. Dinooth would have been far advanced in years, and the journey from North Wales to the Lower Severn would have been a difficult one for an aged man. It is true that delegates from Bangor attended the conference which was convened by St. Augustine to raise the moral and spiritual condition of the British clergy, to wean them from their old method of computing Easter, to which they clung with great tenacity, and to induce them to co-operate with him in converting the Anglo-Saxons. The document purporting to be St. Dinooth's "Answer" (printed in Haddan and Stubbs, Councils of Gt. Britain and Ireland, i, 122) is the sole ground for connecting his name with this conference; but it is extremely doubtful whether the "Answer" has anything to do with this conference at all. St. Augustine's name is not mentioned in it, neither is there any allusion to the evangelization of the English. It contains merely a firm repudiation of papal authority and an assertion of the supremacy of "the Bishop of Caerleon upon Usk" over the British Church. Some time before the supposed date of the document St. David had transferred the primatial See of Wales to Menevia. What is more authentic, however, is the fact that in consequence of the British delegates' refusal to agree to St. Augustine's proposals he prophesied their destruction by the English. In 613, when the monks of Bangor were praying for the success of their countrymen in battle against the army of Ethelfrid of Northumbria, twelve hundred of them were slain, being mistaken for combatants. The monastery itself was probably burnt about sixty years later (Haddan and Stubbs, i, 125), and extensive ruins remained for several centuries, which are described by William of Malmesbury, Camden, and Leland.
REES Lives of Cambro-British Saints (Llandovery, 1853); HOLE in Dict. of Christ. Biog., s. v.
G. CYPRIAN ALSTON
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/St. Disibod

From volume 5 of the work.
Irish bishop and patron of Disenberg (Disibodenberg), born c. 619; died 8 July, 700. His life was written in 1170 by St. Hildegarde, from her visions. St. Disibod journeyed to the Continent about the year 653, and settled in the valley of the Nahe, not far from Bingen. His labours continued during the latter half of the seventh century, and, though he led the life of an anchorite, he had a numerous community, who built bee-hive cells, in the Irish fashion, on the eastern slopes of the mountain. Before his death he had the happiness of seeing a church erected, served by a colony of monks following the Rule of St. Columba, and he was elected abbot-bishop, the monastery being named Mount Disibod, subsequently Disenberg, in the Diocese of Mainz. Numerous miracles are recorded of the saint. Some authors are of the opinion that his death really took place on 8 Sept., whilst the date 8 July is that of the translation of his relics in the year 754, St. Boniface being present.
W. H. Grattan-Flood.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/St. Dichu

From volume 4 of the work.
The son of an Ulster chieftain, was the first convert of St. Patrick in Ireland. Born in the last decade of the fourth century, he succeeded to the petty kingdom of Lecale, which included Saul, in the present County Down. On St. Patrick's arrival at Tubber Slain (the estuary of the Slaney near Loch Cuan or Strangford Lough), in 432, Dichu, then a pagan, strongly opposed his landing, and even attacked the saint, but was miraculously touched with Divine grace and embraced the Faith of Christ. Thereupon Dichu, after baptism, presented St. Patrick with the Sabhall (Saul), for a church, and thus Saul became the first Irish foundation of the national apostle, being afterwards known as Sabhall-Padhraic. Saul was a particular favorite with St. Patrick, and he frequently sought a resting-place there during his arduous missionary labors. St. Dichu, from the day of his conversion, was a model of sanctity and, from a man of warlike proclivities, became a man of peace. The details of his later career are obscure, but we know that two of his sons, who had been detained as hostages by Laoghaire, King of Ireland, were released at the prayer of St. Patrick. His feast is noted in the "Martyrology of Donegal" as "Diochu of Sabhall", under date of 29 April. As is well known, it was at Saul that St. Patrick died, and this monastery became in afterdays a famous abbey, under the rule of the Regular Canons of St. Augustine.
COLGAN, Trias Thaumaturga; Acta Sanctorum, III; TODD AND REEVES, Martyrology of Donegal (Dublin, 1864); O'LAVERTY, Down and Connor (Dublin, 1878), I; O'HANLON, Lives of the Irish Saints, IV; HEALY, Life and Writings of St. Patrick (Dublin, 1905).
W. H. Grattan-Flood.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/St. Diarmaid

From volume 4 of the work.
Born in Ireland, date unknown; d. in 851 or 852. He was made Archbishop of Armagh in 834, but was driven from his see by the usurper Foraunan in 835. However, he claimed his rights and collected his cess in Connacht, in 836, as primate. He lived in a stormy age, as the Scandinavian rovers under Turgesius seized Armagh, in 841, and levelled the churches. The "Annals of Ulster" (ed. B. McCarthy, Dublin, 1887; I, 361) describe him as "the wisest of the doctors of Europe". His feast is celebrated 24 April.

## St. Diarmaid the Just

A famous Irish confessor of the mid-sixth century; d. 542. His name is associated with the great monastery of Inisclothran (Iniscleraun) on Lough Ree, in the Dioeese of Ardagh, which he founded about the year 530. He was of princely origin and a native of Connacht. Wishing to found an oratory far from the haunts of men, he selected the beautiful but lonely island associated with the memory of Queen Meave, now known as Quaker Island. Here his fame soon attracted disciples, and among them St. Ciaran of Clonmacnoise. He was not only a good teacher, but also a distinguished writer and poet. On the island seven churches are traditionally said to have been erected, and the traces of six are still in evidence, including Teampul Diarmada, or the church of St. Diarmaid, the saint's own church an oratory eight feet by seven. His feast is celebrated 10 January. After his death the monastic school kept up its reputation for fully six centuries, and the island itself was famous for pilgrimages in pre-Reformation days.
Martyrology of Donegal (Dublin, 1864); O'HANLON, Lives ot the Irish Saints (Dublin 1875), IV, 476; I, 152; STUART, History of Armagh, ed. COLEMAN (Dublin, 1900); Acta SS., April, III; COLGAN, Acta SS. Hiberniae (LOUVAIN, 1645); BIGGER, Inis clothrarann, its History and Antiquities (Dublin, 1900); STOKES AND STRACHAN, Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (Cambridge, 1903).
W. H. Grattan-Flood.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Adams, Charles Francis (son)

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
ADAMS, CHARLES FRANCIS, an American publicist and lawyer, son of the preceding; born in Boston, May 27, 1835. He served in the Union army during the Civil War. Besides notable articles in the “North American Review,” on railroad management, he has published “Chapters of Erie” (1871); “Three Episodes of Massachusetts History” (1892); “Essays on Educational Topics” (1879), and a biography of his father (1900). For several years he was President of the Union Pacific railway. Died at Washington, D. C., March 20, 1915.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Adams, Henry

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
ADAMS, HENRY, an American historian; born in Boston, Mass., Feb. 16, 1838; grandson of J. Q. Adams. He was for some time editor of the “North American Review,” and Professor of History in Harvard College. He wrote “The Life of Albert Gallatin” (1879); “John Randolph” (1882), etc. His principal work is the “History of the United States from 1801 to 1817,” which constitutes an authoritative history of that period. An autobiography, at first printed for private circulation only, was brought out for general circulation in 1919 as “The Education of Henry Adams” and received much attention. He died May 27, 1918.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Adams, George Burton

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
ADAMS, GEORGE BURTON, an American educator; born in Fairfield, Vt., in 1851. He graduated from Beloit College in 1873 and carried on post-graduate studies in Germany. He was professor of history in Drury College from 1877 to 1888. In the latter year he was appointed to the same chair in Yale University. From 1895 to 1910 he was editor of the “Historical Review.” He edited many important books and documents dealing with the history of the Middle Ages, and was the author of “Civilization During the Middle Ages”; “The Growth of the French Nation”; “The Origin of the English Constitution,” etc. He also wrote articles and delivered many addresses on historical subjects.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Adams, Henry Carter

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
ADAMS, HENRY CARTER, an American editor; born in Davenport, Ia., in 1851. He graduated from Iowa College in 1874 and afterward studied at Johns Hopkins University and in Berlin and Paris. After graduating from Andover
Theological Seminary in 1875, he was appointed lecturer on political science in Cornell University in 1880 and in 1887 became professor of political economy and finance at the University of Michigan. He was director of the Division of Transportation in the eleventh census and from 1887 to 1911 was statistician of the Interstate Commerce Commission, being during the same period also in charge of the Division of Statistics and Accounts of that commission. From 1913 to 1916 he acted as financial adviser to the Chinese Republic. He was a member of many economic societies and received honorary degrees from Iowa College, University of Michigan and Johns Hopkins University. He wrote “Taxation in the United States, 1787 to 1816” (1884); “Public Debts” (1887); “Description of Industry” (1918); “American Railway Accounting” (1918).
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Adams, Maude Kiskadden

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
ADAMS, MAUDE KISKADDEN, an American actress; born at Salt Lake City, Nov. 11, 1872; daughter of an actress who was leading woman of a stock company in that city, under the stage name of Adams. At 16 years of age Miss Adams joined E. H. Sothern's company in the “Midnight Bell”; afterward she was in Charles Frohman's stock company, and later supported John Drew. She made a great success in many plays from the pen of Sir J. M. Barrie, notably in The “Little Minister” and “Peter Pan.” She has also essayed successfully some Shakespearean parts and the title roles in Rostand's “L'Aiglon” and “Chantecler.”
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Adams, Charles Kendall

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
ADAMS, CHARLES KENDALL, an American historian and educator; born at Derby, Vt., Jan. 24, 1835. He became President of Cornell University (1885), of the American Historical Association (1890), of the University of Wisconsisn (1892), and editor-in-chief of “Johnson's Universal Cyclopaedia” (1892). He died July 26, 1902.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Adams, Franklin Pierce

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
ADAMS, FRANKLIN PIERCE, an American humorous writer; born in Chicago in 1881. He graduated from the Armour Scientific Academy in 1899 and for one year after attended the University of Michigan. Beginning newspaper work on the Chicago “Journal,” he was successively editor of the New York “Evening Mail” and New York “Tribune.” In the two latter papers he conducted a daily humorous column which was widely read. His published works include “In Other Worlds” (1912); “By and Large” (1914); “Weights and Measures” (1917).
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Adams, Herbert

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
ADAMS, HERBERT, an American sculptor; born at Concord, Vt., in 1856. He was educated in the common schools and at the Institute of Technology at Worcester, Mass., and studied art in the United States and in Paris. He received awards at the Chicago, Paris, St. Louis, and San Francisco expositions. In 1915 he was awarded the medal of honor by the Architectural League and in the following year received a prize from the National Academy of Design. He was a member of the Commission of Fine Arts of the United States Government, president of the National Academy of Design, a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters and of other societies relating to art.