# California Gold Rush

The California Gold Rush was a period of approximately eight years (C.E.1848 - 1856) that began in January C.E.1848 after the discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill, near Coloma, east of Sacramento, in what is now the state of California (United States). The news spread quickly and attracted more than 300,000 adventurers, Americans and foreigners, to California.

## H.W. Brands

(in en)  Template:Book ref

## Large Sick Body

* Quote: He crossed the whole country to reach the Great West, Equipped with an old fute, a big bag and a jacket, He considers himself an adventurer, rightly or wrongly, He is among many others a simple gold prospector.
* Ref Song:
|title=Phase Finder |author=Big Sick Body |interpreter=Large Sick Body |album=Noon 20 |date=C.E.2006 |label=AZ

## Didier Latapie

* Citation: The global craze caused by California's gold is pyramidal, almost supernatural. It is still very much alive today. It is the most important and astonishing voluntary population movement since the Crusades. [...] Nowhere else did the discovery of precious metals trigger such an extraordinary and universal rush.
* Book Ref:
Title: The fabulous story of the gold rush (California - C.E.19th century)
|author=Didier Latapie
|publisher=Private
|year=C.E.2001
|page=134

## Jacques Plante

* Quote:
Hold on to the wave, hold on to the wind. Hoist and ho, Santiano! If God always wants straight ahead, we will go to San Francisco. It is said that money flows freely there. Hoist and ho, Santiano! Gold is found at the bottom of streams. I will bring back several ingots.
* Ref Song:
|title=Santiano
|author=Jacques Plante
|performer=Hugues Aufray
|album=
|date=C.E.1961
|label= }}

## Garcia Ordoñez de Montalvo

* Citation: Know that, on the right hand of the Indies very close to the earthly paradise, there is an island called California, made up of the largest rocks ever seen. This island was inhabited by robust black women with warm hearts, gifted with great strength, who lived almost like Amazons without a single man among them [...] Their weapons were entirely of gold. The island everywhere abounded in gold and precious stones, and no other metal was found there [...].
* The fabulous story of the gold rush [California - 19th century]
|author=Didier Latapie |publisher=Privat |year=2001 |page=16 |year of origin=1510 |collection= |contributor=Garcia Ordoñez de Montalvo |contribution title=Las Sergas de Esplandián |translator of the contribution=Nicolas Herberday des Essard |year of contribution=C.E.1540

## Footnote

* ^A New Jersey native, Marshall came to California in C.E.1844, worked for John Sutter, and began farming. In C.E.1846, he fought against Mokelumne Indians and participated in the Bear Flag Revolt (an attempt to claim California as an independent republic). He then joined John C. Frémont's California Battalion, followed by further military service. When he returned to Sutter's Fort, most of his livestock had vanished.
* ^The gold hunter is loaded down with every conceivable appliance, much of which would be useless in California. The prospector says (in a caption on some versions): "I am sorry I did not follow the advice of Granny and go around the Horn, through the Straights, or by Chagres [Panama]."

## Bibliography

* Burchell, Robert A. (Summer C.E.1974). "The Loss of a Reputation; or, The Image of California in Britain before C.E.1875". California Historical Quarterly. 53 (3): 115–130. doi:10.2307/25157500. ISSN 0097-6059. JSTOR 25157500.
* Durham, Walter T. (C.E.1997). Volunteer Forty-Niners: Tennesseans and the California Gold Rush. Nashville, Tennessee: Vanderbilt University Press. ISBN 978-0585170930. OCLC 44959444.
* Eifler, Mark A. (C.E.2002). Gold Rush Capitalists: Greed and Growth in Sacramento. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 978-0826328229.
* Hart, Eugene (C.E.2003). A Guide to the California Gold Rush. Merced: Freewheel Publications. ISBN 978-0963419729.
* Helper, Hinton Rowan (C.E.1855). The Land of Gold: Reality Versus Fiction. Baltimore: H. Taylor.
* Holliday, J. S.; Swain, William (C.E.2002) [C.E.1981]. The World Rushed in: The California Gold Rush Experience. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0806134642.
* Hurtado, Albert L. (C.E.2006). John Sutter: A Life on the North American Frontier. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0806137728.
* Knorr, Lawrence (C.E.2008). A Pennsylvania Mennonite and the California Gold Rush. Camp Hill: Sunbury Press. ISBN 978-0976092582.
* Ngai, Mae. The Chinese Question: The Gold Rushes and Global Politics (C.E.2021), Mid 19c in California, Australia and South Africa
* Owens, Kenneth N., ed. (C.E.2002). Riches for All: The California Gold Rush and the World. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0803286177.
* Roberts, Brian (C.E.2000). American Alchemy: The California Gold Rush and Middle-class Culture. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0807848562.
* Rohrbough, Malcolm J. (C.E.1998). Days of Gold: The California Gold Rush and the American Nation. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520216594. online edition Archived December 23, C.E.2019, at the Wayback Machine
* Watson, Matthew A. (C.E.2005). "The Argonauts of '49: Class, Gender, and Partnership in Bret Harte's West". Western American Literature. 40 (1): 33–53. ISSN 0043-3462.
* Witschi, N. S. (C.E.2004). "Bret Harte." Oxford Encyclopedia of American Literature. Ed. Jay Parini. New York: Oxford University Press. 154–157.
* Witschi, N.S. (C.E.2002). Traces of Gold: California's Natural Resources and the Claim to Realism in Western American Literature. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press. ISBN 978-0817311179.

## Sources

* Bancroft, Hubert Howe (C.E.1888). The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft. Vol. XXIII: History of California: C.E.1848–1859. San Francisco: The History Company – via Internet Archive.
* Boyd, Nan Alamilla (C.E.2003). Wide-Open Town: A History of Queery San Francisco to C.E.1965. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520204157.
* Brands, H. W. (C.E.2002). The Age of Gold: The California Gold Rush and the New American Dream. New York: Anchor Books. ISBN 0-385-50216-8.
* Caughey, John Walton (C.E.1975). The California Gold Rush. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-02763-3.
* Clappe, Louise Amelia Knapp Smith (C.E.1922). The Shirley Letters from the California Mines, C.E.1851–1852. San Francisco: T.C. Russell.
* Clay, Karen; Gavin Wright (April C.E.2005). "Order Without Law? Property Rights During the California Gold Rush" (PDF). Explorations in Economic History. 42 (2): 155–183. doi:10.1016/j.eeh.2004.05.003. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 9, C.E.2017. Retrieved November 1, C.E.2017.
* Cossley-Batt, Jill L. (C.E.1928). The Last of the California Rangers. New York and London: Funk & Wagnalls Company.
* Dillon, Richard (C.E.1975). Siskiyou Trail: The Hudson's Bay Company Route to California. New York: McGraw Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-016980-7.
* Faragher, John Mack (C.E.2006). Out of Many: A History of the American People (5th ed.). Pearson. p. 411.
* Gaither, Chris; Chmielewski, Dawn C. (October 10, C.E.2006). "Google Bets Big on Videos" (PDF). Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 16, C.E.2007. Retrieved October 10, C.E.2006.
* Heizer, Robert F. (C.E.1974). The Destruction of California Indians. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-7262-0.
* Hill, Mary (C.E.1999). Gold: The California Story. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-21547-4.
* Holliday, J. S. (C.E.1999). Rush for Riches: Gold Fever and the Making of California. Oakland, California, Berkeley and Los Angeles: Oakland Museum of California and University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-21401-9.
* Johnson, Susan Lee (C.E.2001). Roaring Camp: The Social World of the California Gold Rush. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-32099-2.
* Levy, JoAnn (C.E.1990). They Saw the Elephant: Women in the California Gold Rush. Hamden, CT: Archon Books. ISBN 0-208-02273-2.
* Lindsay, Brenden C. (C.E.2012). Murder State: California's Native American Genocide, C.E.1846–1873. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0803224803.
* Madley, Benjamin (C.E.2016). An American Genocide: The United States and the California Indian Catastrophe, C.E.1846–1873. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300181364.
* Miller, Joaquin (C.E.1874). Life Amongst the Modocs. Hartford, CT: American Publishing Company.
* Neary, J.; Robbins, Hollis (C.E.2015). "11: African American Literature of the Gold Rush". Mapping Regions in Early American Writing. University of Georgia Press. pp. 226–248. ISBN 978-0-8203-4823-0.
* Norton, Jack (C.E.1979). Genocide in Northwestern California: When Our Worlds Cried. San Francisco: Indian Historian Press.
* Paul, Rodman W. (C.E.1969) [C.E.1947]. California Gold: The Beginning of Mining in the Far West. Bison: University of Nebraska Press.
* Rohrbough, Malcolm J. (C.E.1998). Days of Gold: The California Gold Rush and the American Nation. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-21659-4.
* Moynihan, Ruth B.; Armitage, Susan; Dichamp, Christiane Fischer, eds. (C.E.1990). So Much to be Done: Women Settlers on the Mining and Ranching Frontier (2nd ed.). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-8248-3.
* Rawls, James, J.; Bean, Walton (C.E.2003). California: An Interpretive History. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-255255-3.
* Rawls, James J.; Orsi, Richard J., eds. (C.E.1999). A Golden State: Mining and Economic Development in Gold Rush California. California History Sesquicentennial, 2. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-21771-3.
* Rolle, Andrew (C.E.1987) [C.E.1963]. California: A History (4th ed.). Arlington Heights, IL: Harlan Davidson. ISBN 0-88295-839-9. OCLC 13333829.
* Sears, Clare (C.E.2014). Arresting Dress: Cross-Dressing, Law, and Fascination in C.E.19th-Century San Francisco. Duke University Press Books. ISBN 978-0-8223-5754-4.
* Starr, Kevin (C.E.1973). Americans and the California Dream: C.E.1850–1915. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-504233-7.
* Starr, Kevin (C.E.2005). California: A History. New York: Modern Library. ISBN 978-0-679-64240-4.
* Starr, Kevin; Richard J. Orsi, eds. (C.E.2000). Rooted in Barbarous Soil: People, Culture, and Community in Gold Rush California. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-22496-4.
* Thornton, Russell (C.E.1987). American Indian Holocaust and Survival: A Population History Since C.E.1492. Norman : University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-2074-4.
* Watson, Matthew A. (C.E.2005). "The Argonauts of '49: Class, Gender, and Partnership in Bret Harte's West". Western American Literature. 40 (1): 33–53. doi:10.1353/wal.2005.0076. S2CID 165279197.
* Wells, Harry L. (C.E.1881). History of Siskiyou County, California. Oakland, California: D.J. Stewart & Co.
* Young, Otis E. (C.E.1970). Western Mining. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-1352-4.

## Related entries

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* California Mining and Mineral Museum
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