OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ship of Theseus

The Ship of Theseus is a term referring to a thought experiment, also known as the Theseus paradox, which confronts ideas of identity and change by raising the question of whether an object that has had all of its components replaced remains fundamentally the same object.
    See also:
       S. (2013)
       Ship of Theseus (2013)

## Quotes

* The idea of the building, the intention of it, its design, are all immutable and are the essence of the building. The intention of the original builders is what survives. The wood of which the design is constructed decays and is replaced when necessary. To be overly concerned with the original materials, which are merely sentimental souvenirs of the past, is to fail to see the living building itself.
** Douglas Adams, in Last Chance to See (1989)
* Look into your own religion. There's constant reference to relativity. Your ancients, they were masters of understanding that there is no one ultimate rule book for all situations. The woman churning curd into butter, she has to pull one end of the rope, and let the other end go otherwise the rope will break. Contradictions and polarities are two ends of the same rope. You can pull one end and let the other end go.
** Anand Gandhi, Sameep Gandhi, and Khushboo Ranka, in Ship of Theseus (2013)
* The ship wherein Theseus and the youth of Athens returned from Crete had thirty oars, and was preserved by the Athenians down even to the time of Demetrius Phalereus, for they took away the old planks as they decayed, putting in new and stronger timber in their places, in so much that this ship became a standing example among the philosophers, for the logical question of things that grow; one side holding that the ship remained the same, and the other contending that it was not the same.
** Plutarch, in Theseus, as translated by John Dryden
# Perturbation theory (quantum mechanics)

Perturbation theory (in quantum mechanics) is a set of approximation schemes for reducing the mathematical analysis of a complicated quantum system to a simpler mathematical solution. The simpler quantum system is considered as being perturbed by weak physical disturbances, leading to a useful mathematical approximation for the original, more complicated system. Quantum perturbation theory is a generalization of classical perturbation theory.

## Quotes

* Logarithmic perturbation theory is an alternative way of solving the perturbation equations in the coordinate representation. It was developed many years ago ... and has lately been widely discussed and applied to many problems in quantum mechanics. ... perturbation theory allows us to transform the nonlinear Riccati equation ... into a set of linear differential equations ...
** Francisco M. Fernández: Introduction to Perturbation Theory in Quantum Mechanics. CRC Press. 19 September 2000. pp. 17–18. ISBN 978-1-4200-3964-1.
* The separation of the hamiltonian into an unperturbed part and a perturbation is not unique, but in most problems of interest there is a separation which presents itself in a most natural way. In quantum electrodynamics for example, the unperturbed system consists of the electron-positron field and the photon field without interaction. In the theory of an imperfect gas the unperturbed system will be taken as the ideal gas obtained by neglecting interparticle interactions. In the application of perturbation theory to large quantum systems one encounters problems not met with in the usual perturbation theory of systems with a finite number of degrees of freedom. These problems are related to the following phenomena:
* Self-energy and cloud effects of individual particles in excited states.
* The perturbation of the system as a whole.
** N. M. Hugenholtz: (1957). "Perturbation theory of large quantum systems". Physica 23 (1): 481–532. DOI:10.1016/S0031-8914(57)92950-6. (quote from p. 482)
* The great success of calculations in quantum electrodynamics using the renormalization idea generated a new enthusiasm for quantum electrodynamics. After this change of mood, probably most theorists simply didn’t worry about having to deal with infinite renormalizations. Some theorists thought that these infinities were just a consequence of having expanded in powers of the electric charge of the electron, and that not only observables but even quantities like the “bare” electron charge (the charge appearing in the field equations of quantum electrodynamics) would be found to be finite when we learned how to calculate without perturbation theory. But at least two leading theorists had their doubts about this, and thought that the appearance of infinite renormalizations in perturbation theory was a symptom of a deeper problem, a problem not with perturbation theory but with quantum field theory itself. They were Lev Landau, and Gunnar Källén.
** Steven Weinberg: (2009). "Living with Infinities". ArXiv:0903.0568. (p. 15)
# Perth (film)

Perth: The Geylang Massacre is a 2004 drama film about Harry Lee (Kay Tong Lim), a part-time security guard and taxicab driver in Singapore.
    Written and directed by Ong Lay Jinn.

## Harry

* I am a very simple man.
# Perugia

Perugia is the capital city of the region of Umbria in central Italy, crossed by the river Tiber. The city is also the capital of the province of Perugia. Perugia is located about 164 kilometres (102 miles) north of Rome, and 148 km (92 miles) south-east of Florence. It covers a high hilltop and part of the valleys around the area. The region of Umbria is bordered by Tuscany, Lazio and Marche.

## Sourced

* I should perhaps do the reader a service by telling him just how a week at Perugia may be spent. His first care must be to ignore the very dream of haste, walking everywhere very slowly and very much at random, and to impute an esoteric sense to almost anything his eye may happen to encounter. Almost everything in fact lends itself to the historic, the romantic, the æsthetic fallacy--almost everything has an antique queerness and richness that ekes out the reduced state; that of a grim and battered old adventuress, the heroine of many shames and scandals, surviving to an extraordinary age and a considerable penury, but with ancient gifts of princes and other forms of the wages of sin to show, and the most beautiful garden of all the world to sit and doze and count her beads in and remember.
** Henry James, Transatlantic Sketches (Boston, 1875)
* I left Perugia on a lovely morning, and experienced the joy of being on my own again. The city is in a beautiful position and the view of the lake is truly a delight: those sights are now well engraved in my mind's eye.
** Ich verließ Perugia an einem herrlichen Morgen und fühlte die Seligkeit, wieder allein zu sein. Die Lage der Stadt ist schön, der Anblick des Sees höchst erfreulich. Ich habe mir die Bilder wohl eingedrückt.
** Johann Wolfgang Goethe, Italian Journey (1817). Goethe's Italian journey took place in 1786-87.
# Pertinax

Publius Elvius Pertinax (126 – 193 AD), Roman politician, military man, consul and emperor.

## Quotes about Pertinax:

* The glory of Pertinax equaled and even surpassed the splendor of his dignities. He had proven himself equally capable of military and civilian employment. A good and skilled warrior, his name had become the terror of the Barbarians; and he had at the same time been able to maintain discipline with severity among the restless and seditious troops. In the Government of Rome he conducted himself with such sweetness, affability and goodness that he won the love of everyone. Simple model with such a sign, which even then recognized Lolliano Avito as his protector <ref> This senator from Vittore is called Lollio Genziano. But he is certainly the same one that Capitolinus in the life of Pertinax n. 1 names Lolliano Avito. [N.d.A.] </ Ref>, to whom he had become at least equal, but for whom he always retained great reverence and gratitude, having been the first author of his fortune; enemy of luxury, and lover of frugality, History accuses him of nothing other than excessive economy, and the habit of promising more than he intended to keep in order to please with nice words those whom he could not satisfy with the work. (Jean-Baptiste-Louis Crevier)
* Esteem for his virtue was universal. When the news of the death of Commodus and the election of Pertinax arrived in the Provinces, the people hesitated to believe it. They feared that this was not a trap set by Commodus to have the opportunity to exercise his cruelties and his robberies. In that uncertainty many Governors took the decision to wait for the confirmation, and also to have the couriers imprisoned, being certain that if the news were true, Pertinax would have quickly forgiven them for a fault, which did not proceed from bad will. The peoples allied to the Empire had no less advantageous ideas of him. His filled him with joy; and they sent ambassadors to congratulate the Senate and the Roman people. (Jean-Baptiste-Louis Crevier)
* The imperial freedmen who had slain Commodus, knowing that their lives were at stake, quickly sought out Pertinax and struck a bargain with him. He at once took charge of the praetorian cohort, and was then accepted by Senate. The state was heavily in debt. Pertinax had no funds with which to give the lavish donatives usual on such occasions, and the cohorts soon began to grumble. The new ruler was also less popular with the armies than several other generals. So the intrigues in the armies continued and p530 there was continued talk of rebellions. In March, when Pertinax had been in power less than three months, the praetorian guard broke into the palace and killed him. (Tenney Frank)
* Pertinax called for moderation at the imperial banquets, in which Commodus had madly lavished treasures. (Ludwig Friedländer)
# Reese Witherspoon

Laura Jeanne Reese Witherspoon (born March 22, 1976) is an American actress. The recipient of various accolades, including an Academy Award, a British Academy Film Award, a Primetime Emmy Award, and two Golden Globe Awards, she has consistently ranked among the world's highest-paid actresses.

## Quotes

* I have a history, a long history of being stereotyped as a five-foot-two woman, which is very limiting. I've worked so hard to create characters that have dignity. And I think everybody knows that I have a very pro-woman message in my work — and in my life.
** Interview for Vogue magazine, November 2008.
* I have to be honest with you. Comedy is what I want to see at the movies these days. Life is frickin' hard, man. I want to go to the movies and see people happy and enjoying themselves and having some fun. I've made other kinds of movies, for sure. But it's pretty apparent to me that's what people want. That's what I want. I enjoy those kinds of movies.
** Interview for Vogue magazine, November 2008.
* I have a good memory for certain things. And a very short memory for painful things — that's my favorite Martha Stewart quote, by the way.
** Interview for Vogue magazine, November 2008.
* You know, I used to not understand fashion, a lot of it, but I completely understood being a playwright or a screenwriter and suddenly having an actor say your words and making them come to life. That I can understand. Finally, I'm starting to understand this.
** Interview for Vogue magazine, November 2008.
* I'm always endlessly surprised about the people who come into my life, who I get to collaborate with. I feel really overwhelmed by those opportunities. But it's not like I fell off the turnip truck and suddenly became who I am. I really have worked hard for it, and I have to acknowledge that. I care about what I do, and I have a sense of pride in my work. And you can never be totally settled as an actor or artist or musician. You have to keep the fire under you, because that's what makes you better.
** Face to Face with Reese Witherspoon, Readers Digest (September 2005).
* You spend months and months listening to the music, absorbing, practicing, working with real musicians who worked with them and getting as much of that as you can. And then the day you start shooting, you have to throw it all away. Because, they had no self-consciousness. They were natural performers and at that time, it wasn't about how you could synthesize a voice and make it appealing, it was about the natural little hiccups and the way you related a story or wrote the soul in the words you wrote. And 90% of your popularity was your performance and your interpretation of your own song. So, once we learned it all you just have to just kind of hope it all sunk in somewhere and just let it all go, cause they just had incredible confidence.
** On making Walk the Line
** IGN Interview with Reese Witherspoon (November 15, 2005).

## External links

* Reese Witherspoon on IMDb
* Reese Witherspoon Fansite
# Refilwe Modiselle

Refilwe Modiselle (born 2 January 1986) is a South African model who raises awareness on albinism. She is the country's first professional fashion model with albinism who is recognized internationally. Her journey with modelling began at the age of 13 with Y! magazine. She has been on the runway for influential fashion dessigners such as David Tlale in 2005.

## Quotes

* “I’ve become far more than Africa’s first successful model with albinism through my journey… one is doing some incredible things .There’s a lot of growth & accomplishments that came from how it all began,’’
* I love that I can share my journey & educate worldwide baby, not when people feel they want to call me only for a specific day…. But they can actually see the value in what I can impart anytime 24/7/365,”
* “I’m Africa’s first successful model with albinism, meaning I’m the first model in the continent to have successfully worked well within the modelling industry,”
* Refilwe Modiselle continues to shine the spotlight on albinism during UK TV interview (July 5 2022) by Kedibone Modise retrieved 26 July 2022

## External References

* Refilwe Modiselle continues to shine the spotlight on albinism during UK TV interview (July 5 2022) by Kedibone Modise
# Reed (plant)

Reed is a common name for several tall, grass-like plants of wetlands.

## Quotes

* Nance sees into the heart of the Land as if it were a split reed.
** Anonymous, A hymn to Nanshe, late 3rd millennium BCE, at The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature.
* Those tall flowering-reeds which stand, In Arno like a sheaf of sceptres, left By some remote dynasty of dead gods.
** Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Aurora Leigh (1856), Book VII, reported in Hoyt's New Cyclopedia Of Practical Quotations (1922), p. 660.
* Where there are no reeds, it is the worst of all poverty.
** Sumerian proverb, Collection III at The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature, 3rd millennium BCE.
* Conceived by no father, conceived by no mother, the reed came out of the breast of the storm.
** Sumerian proverb, Collection VII at The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature, 3rd millennium BCE.

## See also

* Bamboo
* Trees
# Reem Alsalem

Reem Alsalem (born 1976) is a Jordanian independent consultant and former civil servant. Since August 2021, she has served as the United Nations Special Rapporteur on violence against women and girls.

## Quotes

* [It] would potentially open the door for violent males who identify as men to abuse the process of acquiring a gender certificate and the rights that are associated with it. [...] This presents potential risks to the safety of women in all their diversity (including women born female, transwomen, and gender non-conforming women).
* [The proposals] do not sufficiently take into consideration the specific needs of women and girls in all their diversity, particularly those at risk of male violence and those who have experienced male violence, as it does not provide for any safeguarding measures to ensure that the procedure is not, as far as can be reasonably assured, abused by sexual predators and other perpetrators of violence.
** Extracts from a letter to the UK government, as cited in "UN expert warns men could 'abuse' Scottish gender reforms", BBC News (23 November 2022).
** On the Gender Recognition Reform (Scotland) Bill; full text. See the Isla Bryson case and Mridul Wadhwa.
* What I was saying was that there is no right — and I repeated that again and again — to self-ID and that self-ID also, when it is so unregulated, leads to negative consequences for specific groups of women based on their sex.
* Where there is a contradiction or a conflict we have to give consideration to the rights of women based on sex in these specific circumstances. In the letter I named a few — for example women in prisons, shelters from victims of violence.
** At a conference of FiLiA in Glasgow, as cited in Emma Taggart "No right to self-identify gender, UN expert tells Scottish conference", The Times (14 October 2023)
** Referring to her communications with the Scottish government on their Gender Recognition Reform (Scotland) Bill, which was blocked by the Westminster government from receiving royal assent under section 35 of the Scotland Act 1998.
* We have seen numerous instances in which the presence of just one male on a female team is enough to knock women and girls off the podium. Moreover, allowing athletes born male to compete in women’s and girls’ sports also dramatically heightens the vulnerability of female athletes to injury. Regrettably, the fear of experiencing such harm can and does result in women and girls choosing to self-exclude themselves from participation.
** "The US must uphold the rights of women and girls in sports", The Telegraph (21 February 2024)
* [N]ot only disappointed but also very concerned about this dystopian ruling ... which distorts key concepts like sex and discrimination while dodging Australia's international human rights obligations vis-à-vis women.
** Post on X (formerly Twitter, https://x.com/UNSRVAW/status/1826909907829874950 on Tickle v Giggle], as cited in Louise Tickle "UN rapporteur 'disappointed' by Australian ruling in trans case", Tortoise (27 August 2024)
** See Sall Grover for the case brought by the Australian transwoman Roxy (or Roxanne) Tickle.
# Reem al-Kamali

Reem al-Kamali (born 1979 in Dubai) is an Emirati writer, novelist, and journalist. Al-Kamali's field of interests are ancient language and archaeology.

## Quotes

* I write realistically, and I pay attention to the complicated ideas which I observe with love and care rather than scolding its complicity.
* We are linguistically and historically alike. If you look at the past, you will find that our roots, stories, and etiquette are one. We were all once citizens of the Ummayad, Abbasid, and Ottoman empires, where the gulf intersected between the Ottoman empire and others until the separation during 20th century where we became strangers and since then wanted to remain that way, which has always been our dilemma across history.
* I don't write history and call it a novel, and I totally realise that I am specialised in history. However, writing a novel to me means pouring all forms of art and literature into it, with a choice of a realistic, historical, story setting having had revolutionised numerously along the way.
* Creative ideas are the secret of a successful novel.
* Some novels are like fragrances. Their scenes are scentful, and you smell the beautiful wonders of letters and stories all the way till the end, with memories staying nostalgic for years.
* Who hasn’t been to a museum somewhere in the world and saw a painting that reflects a popular belief? Who hasn’t read a popular novel that highlights a culture’s legacy?
* The author’s life is full of transformations and painful secrets. This pain is undoubtedly his weapon. When an author writes voicing opinions that readers disagree with, readers decide to no longer read for him. This happened with many authors who willingly opened their wounds and purely spoke about their feelings.
* There were also many women poets. But despite that, why couldn’t I find a story written by an Emirati woman in the 1960s?
* The more formal languages of today are defined within a framework and are accompanied by a sense of ownership. Conversely, the spoken word belongs to the people without being owned.

## References

* ↑ ريم الكمالي: دراسة التاريخ انعكست على إبداعاتي الروائية وسأصدر رواية فكرتها خرجت من سؤال Kul Al Usra, 17 December 2023
* ↑ ريم الكمالي لـ24: الرواية مشروعي الأهم. 23, 24 July 2024
* ↑ الروائية الإماراتية ريم الكمالى: الرواية حلم لا يتوقف فى أى زمن | حوار. ِAkhbarElYom، 21 August 2023
* ↑ ريم الكمالي: الفكرة المبدعة أساس نجاح العمل الأدبي. Alkhaleej Newspaper، September 28 2023
* ↑ روائع الحكايات. Emarat AlYoum Newspaper، 23 June 2016
* ↑ The secret behind popular beliefs. Alarabiya English, February 08 2018.
* ↑ The literature of confession Alarabiya English, October 05 2017
* ↑ Reem Alkamali on 'Rose's Diary', the first Emirati novel to be nominated for Ipaf The National, April 08, 2022
* ↑ The written word has given humanity so much, but what does it take away? Al Majalla, February 19 2023.
# Refilwe Tholakele

Refilwe Tebogo Tholekele (born 26 January 1996), nicknamed Seven,[2] is a Motswana footballer who plays as a forward for Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies F.C. and the Botswana women's national team.[3][4][5]

## Quotes

* " I have missed quiye a good scoring opportunitties but I managed to create one that helped our team to win," to score one goal that made us to win and i am very happy about that".
* "Coach told us to play our usual football where we should knock the ball around and the goals will come".
* Head Coach, Jerry Tshabalala and Refilwe Tholakele react to first game of the #CAFWCL
Year 7 Nov 2023,Mamelodi Sundowns TV
# Terrorism in Bangladesh

Bangladesh has experienced terrorism in the past conducted by a number of different organizations.[4][5] In the past, both ISIL and other terrorist organizations had claimed to be active in the country however, the Bangladeshi government believes that they mainly operated through local affiliates, before being neutralised by security forces.

## Quotes

* Terrorism in Bangladesh is a relatively new but internationally linked phenomenon, especially when compared to its presence in other South Asian states.
** National Security under the Obama Administration - B. Rajaee · 2012
* While the bomb blasts and the suicide bombings point towards a supportive role being played by external extremist groups, terrorism in Bangladesh is essentially a home-grown war militants are waging against their own people.
** South Asia: The Spectre of Terrorism P. R. Kumaraswamy, ‎Ian Copland · 2013
* The most important characteristic of contemporary terrorism in Bangladesh is the terrorists' ability to sustain and regenerate by adapting the security environment by using the loopholes in the criminal justice system.
** International Case Studies of Terrorist Rehabilitation. Rohan Gunaratna, ‎Sabariah M. Hussin · 2018
* The arrival of a large al-Qaeda group in the capital Dhaka raises pressing concerns that Bangladesh may have become a dangerous new front in America s war on terror. Indeed, one Bangladeshi newspaper last month even quoted an unamed foreign embassy in Dhaka as saying Osama bin Laden's No. 2, Egjqjtian Ayman al-Zawahiri, had been hiding out in the country for months after arriving in Chittagong. Today, southern Bangladesh has become a haven for hundreds of jihadis on the lam. They find natural allies in Muslim guerrillas from India hiding out across the border.
** Alex Perry quoted in Y Rosser, Indoctrinating Minds: Politics of Education in Bangladesh. 2004 page 127
* On the ground, in the investigations that we have carried out, we did not get any evidence of ISIS links as yet. I do not think, any terrorist or groups would ever gain permanent or semi-permanent ground in Bangladesh
** Bangladesh's State Minister for Foreign Affairs Shahriar Alam, quoted on One India (February 13, 2016), "No evidence of ISIS' presence in Bangladesh: Alam"