# The Peony Pavilion

The Peony Pavilion (Chinese: 牡丹亭) is a romantic tragicomedy play written by dramatist Tang Xianzu in 1598.

## Quotations

* 原来姹紫嫣红开遍，似这般都付与断井颓垣。良辰美景奈何天，赏心乐事谁家院。
** See how deepest purple, brightest scarlet open their beauty only to dry well crumbling. "Bright the morn, lovely the scene," listless and lost the heart —where is the garden "gay with joyous cries"?
*** The Peony Pavilion, trans. Cyril Birch (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2002), p. 44
*** Watch this scene on YouTube
** Variant translations:
*** The flowers glitter brightly in the air, Around the wells and walls deserted here and there. Where is the "pleasant day and pretty sight"? Who can enjoy "contentment and delight"?
**** trans. Wang Rongpei
*** What a riot of brilliant purple and tender crimson, Among the ruined wells and crumbling walls. What an enchanting sight on this fine morning, But who is there that takes delight in the spring?
**** trans. Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang, in A Dream of Red Mansions, Vol. 2 (Foreign Languages Press, 1978), p. 645
*** Already, bright purple and passion pink bloom in profusion, yet next to a crumbling well and faded walls, such splendor is abandoned. But in this glorious season, where are the sounds of joy in this garden?
**** trans. Lindy Mark; quoted by Fu Jin in Chinese Theatre (Cambridge University Press, 2012), p. 53
* 那書生可意呵，咱不是前生愛眷，又素乏平生半面。則道來生出現，乍便今生夢見。生就箇書生，恰恰生生抱咱去眠。那些好不動人春意也。
** How enticing the scholar is! In my previous life I had not been his wife And never saw him in this life. In my afterlife I shall be his wife And dream appears first in this life. Overcome by his enticing charms, I left myself in his strong arms. What a splendid moment!
*** trans. Wang Rongpei
* 偶然間心似繾，梅樹邊。這般花花草草由人戀，生生死死隨人愿，便酸酸楚楚無人怨。待打拼香魂一片，月陰雨梅天，守的個梅根相見。
** My heart is strangely drawn to this apricot's side. Just as we please ourselves which flower or herb we most love, ah, could we only live or die at will, then who would moan for bitter pain? Let me commit my fragrant spirit, though rains be dank and drear, to keep company with this plum tree's roots.
*** The Peony Pavilion, trans. Cyril Birch (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2002), p. 61
** Variant translation:
*** All of a sudden my heart is drawn Toward this plum tree by the lawn. If I were free to pick my bloom or grass, If I were free to choose to live or die, I would resign to fate without a sigh. I'll risk my life And weather raging storms To be your faithful wife.
**** trans. Wang Rongpei

## Quotations about The Peony Pavilion

* In world drama there is no more extensive or beautiful exploration of love than Tang Xianzu's Mudan ting (The Peony Pavilion). In 55 scenes and a performance time of more than 18 hours, The Peony Pavilion merits the designation of epic. Its central character, the young woman Du Liniang, embarks on a journey of discovery to reach her heart's desire, facing down life-and-death obstacles in this world and the next. Along the way an entire culture's values and traditions are displayed. In a Western context The Peony Pavilion combines elements of Homer's Odyssey, Virgil's Aeneid, Dante's Divine Comedy, and John Milton's Paradise Lost. Moreover, it is arguably the first great epic with a complex, believable woman protagonist. Despite its vast scope, The Peony Pavilion is anchored by a remarkable psychological depth and earthy realism. In turns lyrical, philosophical, satirical, fantastical, and bawdy, interweaving sentiment and humor, The Peony Pavilion provides one of the great entry points for an understanding of Chinese culture and Chinese classical dramatic traditions.
** Daniel S. Burt, The Drama 100: A Ranking of the Greatest Plays of All Time (Facts On File, 2008), p. 184; quoted in full in the foreword to The Complete Dramatic Works of Tang Xianzu (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2018).
* 這里黛玉見寶玉去了，聽見眾姐妹也不在房中，自己悶悶的。正欲回房，剛走到梨香院牆角外，只聽見牆內笛韻悠揚，歌聲婉轉，黛玉便知是那十二個女孩子演習戲文。雖未留心去聽，偶然兩句吹到耳朵內，明明白白一字不落道：“原來是奼紫嫣紅開遍，似這般都付與斷井頹垣。”黛玉聽了，倒也十分感慨纏綿，便止步側耳細聽。又唱道是：“良辰美景奈何天，賞心樂事誰家院。”聽了這兩句，不覺點頭自嘆，心下自思：“原來戲上也有好文章，可惜世人只知看戲，未必能領略其中的趣味。”想畢，又后悔不該胡想，耽誤了聽曲子。再聽時，恰唱到：“只為你如花美眷，似水流年。”黛玉聽了這兩句，不覺心動神搖。又聽道“你在幽閨自憐”等句，越發如醉如痴，站立不住，便一蹲身坐在一塊山子石上，細嚼“如花美眷，似水流年”八個字的滋味。
** With Bao-yu gone and the girls evidently all out, Dai-yu began to feel lonely and depressed. She was on her way back to her own room and was just passing by the corner of Pear Tree Court when she heard the languorous meanderings of a flute and the sweet modulation of a girlish voice coming from the other side of the wall, and knew that the twelve little actresses were at their rehearsal inside. Although she was paying no particular attention to the singing, a snatch of it chanced suddenly to fall with very great clarity on her ear, so that she was able to make out quite distinctly the words of two whole lines of the aria being sung:'Here multiflorate splendour blooms forlorn Midst broken fountains, mouldering walls—'They moved her strangely, and she stopped to listen. The voice went on:'And the bright air, the brilliant morn Feed my despair. Joy and gladness have withdrawn To other gardens, other halls—'At this point the listener unconsciously nodded her head and sighed. 'It's true,' she thought, 'there is good poetry even in plays. What a pity most people think of them only as entertainment. A lot of the real beauty in them must go unappreciated.' She suddenly became aware that her mind was wandering and regretted that her inattention had caused her to miss some of the singing. She listened again. This time it was another voice:'Because for you, my flowerlike fair, The swift years like the waters flow—'The words moved her to the depth of her being.'I have sought you everywhere, And at last I find you here, In a dark room full of woe—'It was like intoxication, a sort of delirium. Her legs would no longer support her. She collapsed on to a near-by rockery and crouched there, the words turning over and over in her mind:Because for you, my flowerlike fair, The swift years like the waters flow...
*** Cao Xueqin, Dream of the Red Chamber (c. 1760), Chapter 23, as translated by David Hawkes in The Story of the Stone: The Golden Days (Penguin, 1973); quoted in full by Patricia Buckley Ebrey in The Cambridge Illustrated History of China (Cambridge University Press, 1996), pp. 232–233.
* Tang Yireng's A Dream of the Peony Pavilion became so popular upon its debut that it overshadowed The Romance of the West Chamber.
** Shen Defu, in Wanli Ye Huo Bian ("Unofficial Gleanings of the Wanli Era", Chinese: 萬厲野獲編)

## External links

* Encyclopedic article on The Peony Pavilion on Wikipedia
* The Peony Pavilion at The Metropolitan Museum of Art