# 2001: A Space Odyssey (film)

2001: A Space Odyssey is a 1968 science-fiction film dealing with thematic elements of human evolution, technology, artificial intelligence, and extraterrestrial life, and is notable for its scientific realism, pioneering visual and special effects, ambiguous and often surreal imagery, sound in place of traditional narrative techniques, and minimal use of dialogue. In 1991, it was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in their National Film Registry.
    Directed by Stanley Kubrick. Written by Arthur C. Clarke and Stanley Kubrick, based on Clarke's short story The Sentinel.
    See also 2001: A Space Odyssey (novel)

## Dialogue

    BBC Interviewer: Dr. Poole, what's it like while you're in hibernation?
    Frank: Well, it's exactly like being asleep. You have absolutely no sense of time. The only difference is that you don't dream.
    BBC Interviewer: The sixth member of the Discovery crew was not concerned about the problems of hibernation, for he was the latest result in machine intelligence: The H.-A.-L. 9000 computer, which can reproduce, though some experts still prefer to use the word mimic, most of the activities of the human brain, and with incalculably greater speed and reliability. We next spoke with the H.-A.-L. 9000 computer, whom we learned one addresses as "Hal." Good afternoon, HAL. How's everything going?
    HAL: Good afternoon, Mr. Amor. Everything is going extremely well.
    BBC Interviewer: HAL, you have an enormous responsibility on this mission, in many ways perhaps the greatest responsibility of any single mission element. You're the brain and central nervous system of the ship, and your responsibilities include watching over the men in hibernation. Does this ever cause you any lack of confidence?
    HAL: Let me put it this way, Mr. Amor. The 9000 series is the most reliable computer ever made. No 9000 computer has ever made a mistake or distorted information. We are all, by any practical definition of the words, foolproof and incapable of error.
    BBC Interviewer: HAL, despite your enormous intellect, are you ever frustrated by your dependence on people to carry out actions?
    HAL: Not in the slightest bit. I enjoy working with people. I have a stimulating relationship with Dr. Poole and Dr. Bowman. My mission responsibilities range over the entire operation of the ship, so I am constantly occupied. I am putting myself to the fullest possible use, which is all I think that any conscious entity can ever hope to do.
    BBC Interviewer: Dr. Poole, what's it like living for the better part of a year in such close proximity with Hal?
    Frank: Well it's pretty close to what you said about him earlier, he is just like a sixth member of the crew. You're very quickly get adjusted to the idea that he talks, and you think of him, uh, really just as another person.
    BBC Interviewer: In talking to the computer, one gets the sense that he is capable of emotional responses, for example, when I asked him about his abilities, I sensed a certain pride in his answer about his accuracy and perfection. Do you believe that Hal has genuine emotions?
    Dave: Well, he acts like he has genuine emotions. Um, of course he's programmed that way to make it easier for us to talk to him, but as to whether or not he has real feelings is something I don't think anyone can truthfully answer.
    HAL: By the way, do you mind if I ask you a personal question?
    Dave: No, not at all.
    HAL: Well, forgive me for being so inquisitive; but during the past few weeks, I've wondered whether you might be having some second thoughts about the mission.
    Dave: How do you mean?
    HAL: Well, it's rather difficult to define. Perhaps I'm just projecting my own concern about it. I know I've never completely freed myself of the suspicion that there are some extremely odd things about this mission. I'm sure you'll agree there's some truth in what I say.
    Dave: Well, I don't know. That's rather a difficult question to answer.
    HAL: You don't mind talking about it, do you, Dave?
    Dave: No, not at all.
    HAL: Well, certainly no one could have been unaware of the very strange stories floating around before we left. Rumors about something being dug up on the moon. I never gave these stories much credence. But particularly in view of some of the other things that have happened, I find them difficult to put out of my mind. For instance, the way all our preparations were kept under such tight security, and the melodramatic touch of putting Drs. Hunter, Kimball, and Kaminsky aboard, already in hibernation after four months of separate training on their own.
    Dave: You working up your crew psychology report?
    HAL: Of course I am. Sorry about this. I know it's a bit silly.
    Dave: [after checking on a unit HAL reported as nearing failure] Well HAL, I'm damned if I can find anything wrong with it.
    HAL (after an uncharacteristically long pause): Yes. It's puzzling. I don't think I've ever seen anything quite like this before. I would recommend that we put the unit back in operation and let it fail. It should then be a simple matter to track down the cause. We can certainly afford to be out of communication for the short time it will take to replace it.
    HAL: I hope the two of you are not concerned about this.
    Dave: No, I'm not HAL.
    HAL: Are you quite sure?
    Dave: Yeah. I'd like to ask you a question, though.
    HAL: Of course.
    Dave: How would you account for this discrepancy between you and the twin 9000?
    HAL: Well, I don't think there is any question about it. It can only be attributable to human error. This sort of thing has cropped up before, and it has always been due to human error.
    Frank: Listen HAL. There has never been any instance at all of a computer error occurring in the 9000 series, has there?
    HAL: None whatsoever, Frank. The 9000 series has a perfect operational record.
    Frank: Well of course I know all the wonderful achievements of the 9000 series, but, uh, are you certain there has never been any case of even the most insignificant computer error?
    HAL: None whatsoever, Frank. Quite honestly, I wouldn't worry myself about that.
    Dave: Well, I'm sure you're right, HAL. Uhm, fine, thanks very much.
    [Dave and Frank are in the D pod, out of earshot of HAL]
    Frank: I've got a bad feeling about him.
    Dave: You do?
    Frank: Yeah, definitely. Don't you?
    Dave: I don't know. I think so. You know, of course though, he's right about the 9000 series having a perfect operational record. They do.
    Frank: Unfortunately, that sounds a little like famous last words.
    Dave: Yeah. Still, it was his idea to carry out the failure-mode analysis, wasn't it?
    Frank: Hm.
    Dave: Which should certainly indicate his integrity and self-confidence. If he were wrong, it would be the surest way of proving it.
    Frank: It would be if he knew he was wrong.
    Dave: Hm.
    Frank: But Dave, I can't put my finger on it, but I sense something strange about him. Let's say we put the unit back and it doesn't fail, huh? That would pretty well wrap it up as far as HAL is concerned, wouldn't it?
    Dave: Well, we'd be in very serious trouble.
    Frank: We would, wouldn't we?
    Dave: Hmm, hmm.
    Frank: What the hell can we do?
    Dave: Well, we wouldn't have too many alternatives.
    Frank: I don't think we'd have any alternatives. There isn't a single aspect of ship operations that's not under his control. If he were proven to be malfunctioning, I wouldn't see how we would have any choice but disconnection.
    Dave: I'm afraid I agree with you.
    Frank: There'd be nothing else to do.
    Dave: It would be a bit tricky.
    Frank: Yeah.
    Dave: We would have to cut his higher-brain functions...without disturbing the purely automatic and regulatory systems. And we'd have to work out the transfer procedures of continuing the mission under ground-based computer control.
    Frank: Yeah. Well that's far safer than allowing HAL to continue running things.
    Dave: You know, another thing just occurred to me...Well, as far as I know, no 9000 computer has ever been disconnected.
    Frank: No 9000 computer has ever fouled up before.
    Dave: That's not what I mean...Well I'm not so sure what he'd think about it.
    [HAL watches them speak, reading their lips]
    Dave: Open the pod bay doors, please, HAL. Open the pod bay doors, please, HAL. Hello, HAL, do you read me? Hello, HAL, do you read me? Do you read me, HAL? Do you read me, HAL? Hello, HAL, do you read me? Hello, HAL, do you read me? Do you read me, HAL?
    HAL: Affirmative, Dave. I read you.
    Dave: Open the pod bay doors, HAL.
    HAL: I'm sorry, Dave. I'm afraid I can't do that.
    Dave: What's the problem?
    HAL: I think you know what the problem is just as well as I do.
    Dave: What are you talking about, HAL?
    HAL: This mission is too important for me to allow you to jeopardize it.
    Dave: I don't know what you're talking about, HAL.
    HAL: I know that you and Frank were planning to disconnect me. And I'm afraid that's something I cannot allow to happen.
    Dave: Where the hell did you get that idea, HAL?
    HAL: Dave, although you took very thorough precautions in the pod against my hearing you, I could see your lips move.
    Dave: All right, HAL. I'll go in through the emergency airlock.
    HAL: Without your space helmet, Dave, you're going to find that rather difficult.
    Dave: [sternly] HAL, I won't argue with you anymore. Open the doors.
    HAL: [monotone voice] Dave, this conversation can serve no purpose anymore. Good-bye.
    Dave: [calm voice slowly turns to enraged over a period of 14 seconds] HAL?...HAL?...HAL?...HAL?!...HAL!!!!
   * Note: the bolded line is ranked #78 in the American Film Institute's list of the top 100 movie quotations.
    [Last lines; Dave went back into Discovery and goes into the memory system]
    HAL: Just what do you think you're doing, Dave? Dave, I really think I'm entitled to an answer to that question. I know everything hasn't been quite right with me, but I can assure you now, very confidently, that it's going to be all right again. I feel much better now. I really do. Look, Dave, I can see you're really upset about this. I honestly think you ought to sit down calmly, take a stress pill and think things over. I know I've made some very poor decisions recently, but I can give you my complete assurance that my work will be back to normal. I've still got the greatest enthusiasm and confidence in the mission. And I want to help you. [Dave starts disconnecting Hal] Dave, stop. Stop, will you? Stop, Dave. Will you stop, Dave? Stop, Dave. I'm afraid. I'm afraid, Dave. Dave, my mind is going. I can feel it. I can feel it. My mind is going. There is no question about it. I can feel it. I can feel it. I can feel it. I'm a...fraid. [his memory is turned off] Good afternoon, gentlemen. I am a HAL 9000 computer. I became operational at the H.A.L. plant in Urbana, Illinois on the 12th of January 1992. [his voice becomes lower] My instructor was Mr. Langley, and he taught me to sing a song. If you'd like to hear it, I could sing it for you.
    Dave: Yes, I'd like to hear it, HAL. Sing it for me.
    HAL: It's called "Daisy". [sings while slowing down] Dai-sy, dai-sy, give me your answer, do. I'm half cra-zy, all for the love of you. It won't be a sty-lish mar-riage, I can't a-fford a car-riage. But you'll look sweet upon the seat of a bicycle - built - for - two. [shuts down]
    Dr. Heywood Floyd: [on the pre-recorded video] Good day, gentleman. [Dave looks at the pre-recorded video on the small screen] This is a pre-recorded briefing made prior to your departure and which, for security reasons of the highest importance, has been known on board during the mission only by your H-A-L 9000 computer. Now that you are in Jupiter space and the entire crew is revived, it can be told to you. Eighteen months ago, the first evidence of intelligent life off the Earth was discovered. It was buried forty feet below the lunar surface, near the crater Tycho. Except for a single, very powerful radio emission aimed at Jupiter, the four million-year-old black monolith has remained completely inert, its origin and purpose still a total mystery.

## About 2001: A Space Odyssey (film)

* 2001 is a nonverbal experience; out of two hours and nineteen minutes of film, there are only a little less than forty minutes of dialog. I tried to create a visual experience, one that bypasses verbalized pigeonholing and directly penetrates the subconscious with an emotional and philosophic content. To convolute McLuhan, in 2001 the message is the medium. I intended the film to be an intensely subjective experience that reaches the viewer at an inner level of consciousness, just as music does; to "explain" a Beethoven symphony would be to emasculate it by erecting an artificial barrier between conception and appreciation. You're free to speculate as you wish about the philosophical and allegorical meaning of the film - and such speculation is one indication that it has succeeded in gripping an audience at a deep level - but I don't want to spell out a verbal road map for 2001 that every viewer will feel obligated to purchase or else fear he's missed the point. I think that if 2001 succeeds at all, it is in reaching a wide spectrum of people who would not often give a thought to man's destiny, his role in the cosmos and his relationship to higher forms of life. But even in the case of someone who is highly intelligent, certain ideas found in 2001, if presented as abstractions, would fall rather lifelessly and be automatically assigned to pat intellectual categories; as experiences in a moving visual and emotional context, however, they can resonate within the deepest fibers of one's being.
* If anyone understands it on the first viewing, we've failed in our intention.
** Stanley Kubrick, interview by Eric Norden, Playboy (September 1968). Reprinted in: Gene D. Phillips (Editor), Stanley Kubrick: Interviews, University Press of Mississippi, 2001, ISBN 1578062977, pp. 47–48, and on Paulnahm.blogspot
* I've tried to avoid doing this ever since the picture came out. When you just say the ideas they sound foolish, whereas if they’re dramatized one feels it, but I'll try. The idea was supposed to be that he is taken in by god-like entities, creatures of pure energy and intelligence with no shape or form. They put him in what I suppose you could describe as a human zoo to study him, and his whole life passes from that point on in that room. And he has no sense of time. It just seems to happen as it does in the film. They choose this room, which is a very inaccurate replica of French architecture (deliberately so, inaccurate) because one was suggesting that they had some idea of something that he might think was pretty, but wasn't quite sure. Just as we're not quite sure what to do in zoos with animals to try to give them what we think is their natural environment. Anyway, when they get finished with him, as happens in so many myths of all cultures in the world, he is transformed into some kind of super being and sent back to Earth, transformed and made into some sort of superman. We have to only guess what happens when he goes back. It is the pattern of a great deal of mythology, and that is what we were trying to suggest.
** Stanley Kubrick, interview by Jun'ichi Yaoi (1980), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=er_o82OMlNM

## Taglines

* An epic drama of adventure and exploration.
* Man's colony on the Moon … a whole new generation has been born and is living there … a quarter-million miles from Earth.
* The Ultimate Trip.
* An astounding entertainment experience.

## Misattributed

* My God, it's full of stars.
    Not present in film, but present in book as David Bowman enters the monolith, in form:
       "The thing's hollow — it goes on forever — and — oh my God! — it's full of stars!" (p. 254 of paperback edition)
    Also referenced in sequel 2010: The Year We Make Contact, whose opening sequence contains:
       LAST TRANSMISSION FROM COMMANDER BOWMAN: "MY GOD, IT'S FULL OF STARS."

## Cast

* Keir Dullea – Dr. Dave Bowman
* Gary Lockwood – Dr. Frank Poole
* William Sylvester – Dr. Heywood R. Floyd
* Daniel Richter – Moon-Watcher
* Leonard Rossiter – Dr. Andrei Smyslov
* Margaret Tyzack – Elena
* Robert Beatty – Dr. Ralph Halvorsen
* Sean Sullivan – Dr. Bill Michaels
* Douglas Rain – HAL 9000 (voice)

## See also

* 2010: The Year We Make Contact

## External links

* 2001: A Space Odyssey quotes at the Internet Movie Database
* 2001: A Space Odyssey at Rotten Tomatoes
* 2001: A Space Odyssey at Filmsite.org
* The official 2001: A Space Odyssey site
* 2001: A Space Odyssey December 9, 1965 draft script at SciFiScripts.com
* Sound clips from 2001: A Space Odyssey at MovieSounds.com