OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Electronegativity

Electronegativity, symbol χ, is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract electrons (or electron density) towards itself.

## Quotes

* Bond polarity is due to differences in electronegativity (EN), the intrinsic ability of an atom to attract the shared electrons in a covalent bond. As shown in Figure 2.2, electronegativities are based on an arbitrary scale, with fluorine the most electronegative (EN =4.0) and cesium the least (EN =0.7). Metals on the left side of the periodic table attract electrons weakly and have lower electronegativities, while oxygen, nitrogen, and halogens on the right side of the periodic table attract electrons strongly and have higher electronegativities. Carbon, the most important element in organic compounds, has an electronegativity value of 2.5.… As a rough guide, bonds between atoms whose electronegativities differ by less than 0.5 are nonpolar covalent, bonds between atoms whose electronegativities differ by 0.5–2 are polar covalent, and bonds between atoms whose electronegativities differ by more than 2 are largely ionic.
** John McMurry, Organic Chemistry 8th ed. (2012), Ch. 2 : Polar Covalent Bonds; Acids and Bases
# Electron configuration

In atomic physics and quantum chemistry, the electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule (or other physical structure) in atomic or molecular orbitals.

## Quotes

* The lowest-energy arrangement, or ground-state electron configuration, of an atom is a listing of the orbitals occupied by its electrons. We can predict this arrangement by following three rules. Rule 1 The lowest-energy orbitals fill up first, according to the order 1s → 2s → 2p → 3s → 3p → 4s → 3d, a statement called the aufbau principle. Note that the 4sorbital lies between the 3pand 3dorbitals in energy. Rule 2 Electrons act in some ways as if they were spinning around an axis, somewhat as the earth spins. This spin can have two orientations, denoted as up (h) and down (g). Only two electrons can occupy an orbital, and they must be of opposite spin, a statement called the Pauli exclusion principle. Rule 3 If two or more empty orbitals of equal energy are available, one electron occupies each with spins parallel until all orbitals are half-full, a statement called Hund’s rule.
** John McMurry, Organic Chemistry 8th ed. (2012), Ch. 1 : Structure and Bonding
# Electron shell

In chemistry and atomic physics, an electron shell, also called a principal energy level may be thought of as an orbit followed by electrons around an atom's nucleus.

## Quotes

* We know through observation that eight electrons (an electron octet) in an atom’s outermost shell, or valence shell, impart special stability to the noble gas elements in group 8A of the periodic table.
** John McMurry, Organic Chemistry 8th ed. (2012), Ch. 1 : Structure and Bonding
# Electronic business

Electronic Business or e-business is a term which can be used for any kind of business or commercial transaction that includes sharing information across the internet.

## Quotes

* E-Business will become the virtual market place in 20 years.
** Talal Abu-Ghazaleh April 1, 2001, First Arab Conference on Arabizing the Internet, Amman, Jordan.
* The e-economy cannot function without workers able to navigate, both technically and in terms of content, this deep sea of information, organizing it, focusing it, and transforming it into specific knowledge, appropriate for the task and purpose of the work process.
** Manuel Castells, The Internet Galaxy - Reflections on the Internet, Business, and Society, (2001); Chapter 3, e-Business and the New Economy. p. 90
* Innovative e-business projects start with a design of the e-business model. We often encounter the view, in research as well as industry practice, that an e-business model is similar to a business process model, and so can be specified using UML activity diagrams or Petri nets. In this paper, we explain why this is a misunderstanding. The root cause is that a business model is not about process but about value exchanged between actors. Failure to make this separation of concerns leads to poor business decision-making and inadequate business requirements.
** Jaap Gordijn, Hans Akkermans, and Hans van Vliet. "Business modelling is not process modelling." International Conference on Conceptual Modeling. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. Abstract
* In 1995 we started our study of enterprise architecture – we just did not know it. At the time we thought we were studying information technology infrastructure transformations. In 1998 we thought we were studying enterprise system implementations. In 2000 it was e-business. But sometime in 2000, we recognized that each of these studies examined basically the same thing: Enterprise Architecture.
** Jeanne W. Ross, Peter Weill, David Robertson (2006). Enterprise architecture as strategy: creating a foundation for business.. HBS Press. p. vii

## See also

* Business
* Internet
# Hans Reiser

Hans Reiser (born 19 December 1963) is the owner of Namesys. In 2008 he was convicted of his wife's murder.

## Quotes

* Doing GPL work is doing charity work in our current legal and economic framework.
** Source: Interview with Hans Reiser
* You're about to experience chaos. [before farting in a police officer's face, while being photographed nude after his arrest]
** Source: Wired article
# Hans Maass

Hans Maass (June 17, 1911 – April 15, 1992) was a German mathematician. He is known for Maass wave forms, Koecher–Maass series, and Maass–Selberg relations.

## Quotes

* The investigations of Siegel on discrete groups of motions of the hyperbolic plane with a fundamental region of finite volume ... make possible a simple characterization of groups conjugate to the modular group by a minimal condition.
** Lectures on modular functions of one complex variable. Vol. 29. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer, 1983 revised edition. (notes by Sunder Lal taken on lectures given by Maass at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in 1962–1963)

## Quotes about Hans Maass

* ... in 1949, a paper appeared by a German mathematician Hans Maass, which raised some rather interesting problems. You see, earlier the automorphic functions and forms — one had essentially thought of functions that were often called holomorphic, analytical. And Maass started studying functions that were not of that nature, but were instead solutions of a certain eigenvalue problem, which had a certain type of behavior with respect to the discrete group which corresponds to the modular forms. Maass also worked essentially just on the modular group and its subgroups, not on general groups.
** Atle Selberg, as quoted by Betsy Devine, Interview with Atle Selberg, conducted at his office in Fuld Hall, Institute for Advanced Study. publications.ias.edu (June 15, 1989). (quote from p. 15)
# Hans Rosling

Hans Rosling (born July 27, 1948 – 7 February 2017) was Professor of International Health at Karolinska Institute and Director of the Gapminder Foundation, which developed the Trendalyzer software system.

## Quotes

* It this terrible simplification that there is one Africa, and things go on in one way in Africa. We have to stop that, it is not respectful, and it's not very clever to think that way. I had the fortune to live and work for a time in the United States. I found out that Salt Lake City and San Francisco were different. And so it is in Africa, it's a lot of difference. What do we think it would be concurrency? And what is concurrency? In Sweden, we have no concurrency. We have serial monogamy. Vodka New Year's Eve, new partner for the spring, vodka Midsummer Eve, new partner for the fall, vodka, and it goes on like this, you know, and you collect a big number of ex's, and we've got a terrible chlamydia epidemic.
* “There’s no room for facts when our minds are occupied by fear.”
** On the HIV epidemic
* “Mr. Vice President. No numbers, no bubbles.”
** After Al Gore repeatedly pressed him about projecting animated bubbles beyond the expert forecasts
# Hans Merensky

Hans Merensky (16 March 1871 – 21 October 1952) was a South African geologist, conservationist, scientist and philanthropist.

## Sourced

* This country has given me so much that I am only too happy to be allowed to help it to develop and to be able to give back to it a fraction of what it has given to me.
** Hans Merensky, 15 April 1938 at the opening of the Merensky Library, University of Pretoria
# John Money

John William Money (8 July 1921 – 7 July 2006), PhD was a paediatrician, psychiatrist and sexologist. He was well-known for his research into sexual identity. Money created several influential concepts and terms during his career.

## Quotes

* "...neither tolerance nor intolerance is grounded in science and reason, but they are themselves acts of faith grounded in social custom and the politics of expediency and power."
** Homosexuality: Bipotenitality, Terminology, and History
# John Munonye

John Munonye (April 1929 – 10 May 1999) who was also known as John Okechukwu Munonye was an Igbo writer and one of the most renowned Nigerian writers of the 20th century.

## Quotes
### A Wreath for the Maidens (1973)

* We may differ in the language we speak, yet we all remain children of the land.
* We should, I think, proceed to enquire into what we mean by ideals - or rather, to examine, critically, the nature of those acts which to us appear to be outward manifestations of idealisms.

## External links

* A Wreath for the Maidens
# John N. Bahcall

John Norris Bahcall (December 30, 1934 – August 17, 2005) was an American astrophysicist, best known for his contributions to the solar neutrino problem, the development of the Hubble Space Telescope and for his leadership and development of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton.

## Quotes

* Every time we get slapped down, we can say, Thank you Mother Nature, because it means we're about to learn something important.
** (March 6 1995). "UNRAVELING UNIVERSE. Is the cosmos younger than the stars it contains? Was Einstein's biggest blunder not a mistake? Here's why cosmology is in chaos". Time 145: 84.
** This quote was Bahcall's response to the ongoing controversy about which new observation will eventually "tie up the loose ends in cosmology?"
* We often frame our understanding of what the space telescope will do in terms of what we expect to find, and actually it would be terribly anticlimactic if in fact we find what we expect to find. … The most important discoveries will provide answers to questions that we do not yet know how to ask and will concern objects we have not yet imagined.
** John N. Bahcall, quoted in his obituary at CalTech (7 September 2005); On the Hubble Space Telescope's capabilities for the advancement of science
# J. Gordon Melton

John Gordon Melton (born 19 September 1942) is an American prolific and prominent religious scholar.

## Quotes

* After a decade of activity, the anti-cult movement had one significant accomplishment to its credit. It had succeeded in creating a pervasive negative image of the new religions and spreading a popular public prejudice against several groups which had become well known as "cults." However, it proved incapable of implementing any of its major program goals, which sought to severely regulate, inhibit the growth of, and eventually eliminate the cults altogether.
** Encyclopedic handbook of cults in America. 1992, Garland Pub. p. 355.
* Ex-members, even those with righteous complaints, tend to reconstruct their experiences — ambiguous situations at worst — into totally negative encounters. They tend to demonize the leaders and turn the members into zombielike followers. Harmless comments are recast into sinister threats, group jargon into conspirational fantasies.
** Finding Enlightenment: Ramtha's School of Ancient Wisdom. 1998, ISBN 1-885223-61-7, Beyond Words Publishing, p. 164.

## External links

* Encyclopedic article on J. Gordon Melton on Wikipedia
# J. Frank Dobie

James Frank Dobie (September 26, 1888 – September 18, 1964) was an American folklorist, writer, and newspaper columnist best known for many books depicting the richness and traditions of life in rural Texas during the days of the open range.

## Quotes

* I have come to value liberated minds as the supreme good of life on earth.
** J. Frank Dobie, cited in: United States. Congress Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the … Congress, Vol. 110, part 17. (1964). p. 22821.
# J. Harvie Wilkinson III

James Harvie Wilkinson III (born September 29, 1944) is an American jurist who serves as a United States circuit judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. His name has been raised at several junctures in the past as a possible nominee to the United States Supreme Court.

## Quotes
### Harry Byrd and the Changing Face of Virginia Politics (1968)

* Harry Byrd and his organizations were rich and valuable parts of any southern uniqueness of history and humanity. Byrd was born of the somber side of southern history. His organization, notwithstanding its faults, was truly coined from the mint of its time. If it was parsimonious, it emerged from a period when Virginia had little of which to give. If it feared deficits, it remembered the state's staggering Reconstruction debts. If it was oligarchic, it was so by reason of long inheritance. If it was regionally oriented, it bore still the scarred tissue of the Civil War. If it was rurally flavored, it respected the power of the farmer's franchise and the state's agrarian heritage. If it was slow- too slow- to change, Virginia had long been changeless.
** p. 350-351
* There are those who end life feeling the future will nourish their cause. There are those also whose causes pass with themselves. Harry Byrd's cause belonged to the latter category. In the nation a more positive role for federal government was fast becoming an American political axiom; likewise, Harry Byrd's Virginia would soon seem but yesteryear's quaint and curious memento. But Byrd's personal cause- his honesty, courtesy, in short, his humanity- was not tied to time. The greatest men have often urged dated or debatable specifics. George Washington urged against foreign alliances; Thomas Jefferson dreamed of an agrarian utopia; Woodrow Wilson warred against bigness in American life; Robert E. Lee struggled valiantly for a divided nation. History values men as much for what they are for as for what they espouse. Let not its view of balanced budgets determine its judgment of Harry Byrd.
** p. 351
# J. Irwin Miller

Joseph Irwin Miller (May 26, 1909 – August 19, 2004) was an American industrialist and patron of modern architecture. He was CEO of Cummins.
# Ibilola Amao

Ibilola Amao is a Nigerian and British engineer, principal consultant of Lonadek Services (United Kingdom and Nigeria) and consultant for the vision 2020 initiative.She received several awards such as most active women business enterprise IWEC 2016, Energy Institute Champion 2016, C3E international woman of distinction Award, Access Bank “W” 100, and the 2019 Forbes Africa rising star Award She was a Vital Voices (VV) GROW fellow, a member of vv100 and a WEConnect international fellow. Ibilola was also the co-founder of the cedar STEM and entrepreneurship hub.

## Quotes

* Integrity pays!!! It may take a very long time to achieve but it truly pays.
** In an interview with Oyinlola Sale
* Every win, every success, every contribution to ensuring that the platforms for women and women opportunities increase is breaking the stereotype! It is only male-dominated because not enough females have been given the opportunity, not because females are less qualified.
** In an interview with Oyinlola Sale
* It’s hard to be a girl in STEM. We need to stand out as role models, to show it’s possible to be a female engineer and have a family.
** opinion on building the capacity, capability and competency of African women and girls in STEM
# Iannis Xenakis

Iannix Xenakis (May 29, 1922 – February 4, 2001) was a Greek composer and architect and major contributor to musical modernism.

## Quotes

* "Art, and, above all, music, has a fundamental function, which is to catalyze the sublimation that it can bring about through all means of expression. It must aim through fixations which are landmarks, to draw [one] towards a total exaltation in which the individual mingles, losing his consciousness in a truth immediate, rare, enormous, and perfect. If a work of art succeeds in this undertaking even for a single moment, it attains its goal."
** Formalized Music: Thought and Mathematics in Composition, ISBN 1576470792
* "The musical scale is a convention which circumscribes the area of potentiality and permits construction within those limits in its own particular symmetry."
** Formalized Music
* "Music is not a language. Any musical piece is akin to a boulder with complex forms, with striations and engraved designs atop and within, which men can decipher in a thousand different ways without ever finding the right answer or the best one..."
** Introductory notes for Diatope performance, 1978
# Ibadah

Ibadah ‘ibādah, also spelled ibada) is an Arabic word meaning service or servitude. In Islam, ibadah is usually translated as "worship", and ibadat—the plural form of ibadah—refers to Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) of Muslim religious rituals.

## Quote

* وَمَا خَلَقۡتُ الۡجِنَّ وَالۡاِنۡسَ اِلَّا لِيَعۡبُدُوۡنِ‏ ٥٦
* translate: I have only created Jinns and men, that they may serve Me.
** adh-dhariyat 56
# Ibidunni Ighodalo

Ibidunni Ighodalo (July 1980 – 14 June 2020) was a beauty queen, an event management expert, a philanthropist, and a co-pastor of Trinity House Church, in Lagos, Nigeria.

## Quotes

* As a woman you never want to sit down and not do anything.
** Ibidunni speaks on how she had to get solutions to her infertility situation
* When you are waiting on God for a child, you’re so sensitive that the little things that people do gets to you.
* I should help other people while I wait
** Ibidunni shared what led to her foundation
* I’m trusting you on this journey, and I’m going to obey you completely and totally
** Ibidunni speaks on how she obey God's word
# Ibikunle Amosun

Ibikunle Amosun (born 25 January 1958) is a Nigerian politician, former governor of Ogun State and two-term senator of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.

## Quotes

* It is a case of a thief who stole the king’s trumpet (Kakaki), where will he blow it?
** Amosun speaking on APC crisis in Ogun State (October 26, 2018)
# Ian Wilmut

Sir Ian Wilmut (7 July 1944 – 10 September 2023) was an English embryologist best known as the leader of the group that in 1996 first cloned a mammal, a sheep named Dolly, from fully differentiated adult mammary cells.

## Quotes

* It is quite likely that it is possible, yes. But what we've said all along -- speaking for both the (Roslin) Institute and the PPL staff - is that we would find it ethically unacceptable to think of doing that. We can't think of a reason to do it. If there was a reason to copy a human being, we would do it, but there isn't.
** On human cloning, in "Dr. Frankenstein, I Presume?" by Andrew Ross in Salon February 1997).
* Any kind of manipulation with human embryos should be prohibited.
** As quoted in "Dr. Frankenstein, I Presume?" by Andrew Ross in Salon (February 1997).
* I'd remind you that in these experiments so far, about one quarter of the lambs that were born alive died within a few days because they hadn't completed normal development. Now, what may be being suggested here is that copies of children would be being produced, and some of those would die soon after birth. So I think that for a clinician to be suggesting doing that is a quite appalling and sad thing for him to be suggesting.
** On proposals for human cloning in an Interview on The NewsHour, PBS (8 January 1998).
* I think the initial reason why I became interested in farming is that I wanted to be outdoors. I've always enjoyed being outdoors. And so, I looked around and when I was at high school, probably 14 or so, my parents through friends arranged for me to be able to go work on farms on the weekend.
** Interview at the Academy of Acheivement (23 May 1998).
* Is this sort of thing which has been thought about beneficial? So that if you're asking the question, for example, "Is it appropriate to think of making a copy of a person?" You have to ask not only, "What is the benefit to the people who are asking for this to be done?" But also, "What's the impact on the child that's going to be produced?" And that last bit I think often gets missed out.
** Interview at the Academy of Achievement (23 May 1998).

## External links

* Dolly Scientist Joins The University of Edinburgh
* "I didn't clone Dolly the sheep, says prof" The Daily Telegraph (8 March 2006)
* "Who really made Dolly? Tale of British triumph descends into scientists' squabble" in The Guardian (11 March 2006)
* "The right to the creation of clone Dolly" in The People's Daily (13 March 2006)
* "Cloning Scientist No Longer Supreme" in Genetic Crossroads (29 March 2006)
* "Call to strip Wilmut of knighthood" in The Scotsman (1 February 2008)
# Ian Ziering

Ian Andrew Ziering (March 30, 1964 –) is an American actor.

## Quotes

* I'm a student of the movies. I'm a student of all media. This is what I do, and I like to immerse myself in what's current and what's topical. And I find that I'm drawn to those things.
** 'Sharknado's' Ian Ziering: 'Maybe This Is My Pulp Fiction Moment' (July 12, 2013)
* I like the fact that I'm involved in a career that gives me so many different mediums to perform in. The entertainment industry in the last 10 years has been so fragmented, from scripted programming to reality. There's work not just on TV and in film, but you know, on your cell phone, on the Internet. There's so many [venues] now, and each of them looking for quality content, that, you know, I'm just going with the flow. And I'm having fun with every wave.
** 'Sharknado's' Ian Ziering: 'Maybe This Is My Pulp Fiction Moment' (July 12, 2013)
# H. M. Tomlinson

Henry Major Tomlinson (21 June 1873 – 5 February 1958) was a British writer and journalist. He was known for anti-war and travel writing, novels and short stories, especially of life at sea.

## Sourced

* We see things not as they are, but as we are ourselves.
** The Gift
# H. Stanley Allen

Herbert Stanley Allen (December 29, 1873 – April 27, 1954) was a pioneer in early X-ray research, working under J. J. Thomson at the University of London and alongside Nobel laureate Charles Glover Barkla at the University of Edinburgh.

## Quotes

* It must be confessed that the new quantum mechanics is far from satisfying the requirements of the layman who seeks to clothe his conceptions in figurative language. Indeed, its originators probably hold that such symbolic representation is inherently impossible. It is earnestly to be hoped that this is not their last word on the subject, and that they may yet be successful in expressing the quantum postulate in picturesque form.
** (April 14 1928). "Introduction to Niels Bohr's The quantum postulate and recent developments of quantum theory". Nature, Suppl. No. 3050 6 (52). As quoted by K. V. Laurikainen, The Origin and Development of the Idea of Complementarity, 1980.
# H. Raja

Hariharan Raja Sharma (born 27 September 1957), known as H. Raja, is an Indian polician of the Bharatiya Janata Party from state of Tamil Nadu. He is currently the National Secretary of the party. He started his career as Sangh Pracharak.

## Quotes

* Vijay dared to say that we should build hospitals instead of temples, will he say the same about churches, too? Why are only temples being referred to?
** "BJP's H. Raja stirs controversy over his comment on 'Joseph Vijay'", The Times of India (Oct 23, 2017)
* Who is w:Lenin? What is his connection to India? What is the connection of communists to India? And remember Periyar is the next.
** After demolition of Lenin's statue, BJP TN member threatened Periyar to be next, "India Today" (March 6, 2018)