# Kevin Kelly (editor)

Kevin Kelly (born 1952) is the founding executive editor of Wired magazine, and a former editor/publisher of the Whole Earth Catalog. Kelly is considered an expert in digital culture, and is said to have helped make technology part of popular culture.

## Quotes
### Out of Control: The New Biology of Machines, Social Systems and the Economic World (1995)

* The world of our own making has become so complicated that we must turn to the world of the born to understand how to manage it.
* The central act of the coming era is to connect everything to everything.
* Complexity must be grown from simple systems that already work.
* There is nothing to be found in a beehive that is not submerged in a bee. And yet you can search a bee forever with cyclotron and fluoroscope, and you will never find a hive.
* To err is human; to manage error is system.
* A network nurtures small failures in order that large failures don't happen as often.
* The only organization capable of unprejudiced growth, or unguided learning, is a network.
* A system is anything that talks to itself.
* We can only get smart things from stupid things.
* The "I" of a vivisystem is a ghost. Like the transient form of a whirlpool held upright by a million spinning atoms of water, it can be scattered with a fingertip.
* A mind cannot possibly consider anything beyond what it can measure or calculate; without a body it can only consider itself. Without the interruptions of hellos from the eye, ear, tongue, nose, and finger, the evolving mind huddles in the corner picking its navel.
* The future of machines is biology.
* An event is not triggered by a chain of being, but by a field of causes spreading horizontally, like creeping tide.
* Life never falls, but never gets out of falling. It is poised in a persistent state of almost-fell.
* We don't have a word for learning and teaching at the same time, but our schooling would improve if we did.
* Artificial complex systems will be deliberately infused with organic principles simply to keep them going.
* Biology always wins in any blending of organic and machine.
* One can imagine the future shape of companies by stretching them until they are pure network. It will be hard at times to tell who is working for whom.
* A company cannot be a learning company without also being a teaching company.
* "It works, why worry?" is life's deepest philosophy.
* In network economics, more brings more.
* Anything that can hold an electronic charge can hold a fiscal charge.
* There's nothing more addictive than being a god.
* The great irony of god games is that letting go is the only way to win.
* Any highly evolved form is beautiful.
* What humans can't engineer, evolution can.
* It is the great irony of life that a mindless act repeated in sequence can only lead to greater depths of absurdity, while a mindless act performed in parallel by a swarm of individuals can, under the proper conditions, lead to all that we find interesting.
* "Correct" is a property of small systems.
* Animals are robots that work. Toons are simply robots without hard bodies.
* The nature of life is to delight in all possible loopholes. Every creature is in some way hacking a living by reinterpreting the rules.
* We want a machine that is constantly remaking itself.
* Life-as-it-could-be is a territory we can only study by first creating it.
* The capacity to evolve must be evolved itself. Evolution has been, and will keep on, exploring the space of possible evolutions. Organisms, memes, the whole ball of wax are only evolution's way to keep evolving.
* Memory is a reenactment of perception, indistinguishable from the original act of knowing.
* An ecosystem is more like a conference than a community -- indefinite, pluralistic, tolerant, and in constant flux.
* Life is a transforming flood that fills up empty containers and then spills out of them on its way to fill up more. The shape and number of vessels submerged by the flood doesn't make a bit of difference.
* The great secret which life has kept from us is that once born, life is immortal. Once launched, it cannot be eradicated.
* Dying creatively is the hallmark of vivisystems.
* Life is the strange loop of a snake releasing itself from its own grip, unmouthing an ever fattening tail tapering up to an ever increasingly large mouth, birthing an ever larger tail, filling the universe with this strangeness.
* Organisms are self-causing agencies. Every self is a tautology: self-evident, self-referential, self-centered, and self-created.
* The story of automation is the story of a one-way shift from human control to automatic control.
* Life is a verb not a noun.
* What little time left is in this century is rehearsal time for the chief psychological chore of the 21st century: letting go, with dignity.
* In turbulence is the preservation of the world.
* Life is in the business of making its environment agreeable for life.
* Urbanization is the advent of edge species.
* The work of managing a natural environment is inescapably a work of local knowledge.
* If machines knew as much about each other as we know about each other (even in our privacy), the ecology of machines would be indomitable.
* Hereditary information does not exist independently of its embodiment.
* The genes harbor their own wisdom and their own inertia.
* Evolution is a technological, mathematical, informational, and biological process rolled into one. It could almost be said to be a law of physics, a principle that reigns over all created multitudes, whether they have genes or not.
* The quickest route to describing a seed's output is to sprout it.
* Inconsistency is an inevitable trait of any self-sustaining system built up out of consistent parts.
* As life evolves it unbinds from the inorganic and interacts more with the organic.
* Telling the future is what organisms are for.
* We cannot import evolution and learning without exporting control.
* We are all steering.
* When everything happens at once, wide and fast moving problems simply route around any central authority. Therefore overall governance must arise from the most humble interdependent acts done locally in parallel, and not from a central command.
* The hardest lesson for humans to learn: that organic complexity will entail organic time.
* No one has been more wrong about computerization than George Orwell in 1984. So far, nearly everything about the actual possibility-space which computers have created indicates they are the end of authority and not its beginning.
* We should not be surprised that life, having subjugated the bulk of inert matter on Earth, would go on to subjugate technology, and bring it also under its reign of constant evolution.
* The apparent veil between the organic and the manufactured has crumpled to reveal that the two really are, and have always been, of one being.

### New Rules for the New Economy: 10 Radical Strategies for a Connected World (1999)

* The tricks of the intangible trade will become the tricks of your trade.
* Communication – which in the end is what the digital technology and media are all about – is not just a sector of the economy. Communication IS the economy.
* As tremendous as the influence of financial inventions have been, in the influence of network inventions will be as great, or greater.
* As the world of chips and glass fibers and wireless waves goes, so goes the rest of the world.
* The dynamic of our society, and particularly our new economy, will increasingly obey the logic of networks. Understanding how networks work will be the key to understanding how the economy works.
* We are connecting everything to everything.
* When we permit any object to transmit a small amount of data and to receive input from its neighborhood, we change an inert object into an animated node.
* Dumb parts, properly constituted into a swarm, yield smart results.
* The surest way to smartness is through massive dumbness.
* The aim of swarm power is superior performance in a turbulent environment.
* Complete surrender to the bottom is not what embracing swarm power is about.
* Without some element of governance from the top, bottom-up control will freeze when options are many. Without some element of leadership, the many at the bottom will be paralysed with choices.
* At present there is far more to be gained by pushing the boundaries of what can be done by the bottom than by focusing on what can be done at the top.
* The great benefits reaped by the new economy in the coming decades will be due in large part to exploring and exploiting the power of decentralised and autonomous networks.
* Mathematics says the sum value of a network increases as the square of the number of members. In other words, as the number of nodes in a network increases arithmetically, the value of the network increases exponentially. Adding a few more members can dramatically increase the value of the network.
* The value of a network explodes as its membership increases, and then the value explosion sucks in yet more members, compounding the result.
* In the industrial economy success was self-limiting; it obeyed the law of decreasing returns.
* In the network economy, success is self-reinforcing; it obeys the law of increasing returns. The great innovation of Silicon Valley is not the wowie-zowie hardware and software it has invented. Silicon Valley's greatest "product" is the social organisation of its companies, and most important, the tangled web of former jobs, intimate colleagues, information leakage from one firm to the next, rapid company life cycles, and agile e mail culture. This social web, suffused into the warm hardware of jelly bean chips and copper neurons, creates a network economy.
* It's a "hits" economy where resources flow to those that show some life. If a new novel, new product, or new service begins to succeed it is fed more; if it falters its left to wither.
* A good definition of a network is organic behaviour in a technological matrix.
* Everyday we see evidence of biological growth in technological systems. This is one of the marks of the network economy: that biology has taken root in technology. And this is one of the reasons why networks change everything.
* Technology has become our culture, our culture technology.
* In the past, an innovationÕs momentum indicated significance. Now, in the network environment, where biological behaviour reigns, significance precedes momentum.
* In the network economy the more plentiful things become, the more valuable they become.
* Every time a closed system opens, it begins to interact more directly with other existing systems, and therefore acquires all the value of those systems.
* The value of an invention, company or technology increases exponentially as the number of systems in participates with increases linearly.
* The more interconnected a technology is, the more opportunities it spawns for both use and misuse.
* The law of plentitude is most accurately rendered thus: In a network, the more opportunities that are taken, the faster new opportunities arise.
* A network is a possibility factory.
* Because prices move inexorably towards the free, the best move in the network economy is to anticipate this cheapness.
* All items that can be copied, both tangible and intangible, adhere to the law of inverted pricing and become cheaper as they improve.
* If goods and services become more valuable as they become more plentiful, and if they become cheaper as they become valuable, then the natural extension of this logic says that the most valuable things of all should be those that are ubiquitous and free.
* Following the free also works in the other direction. If one way to increase product value is to make products free, then many things now free may contain potential value not yet perceived.
* The only factor becoming scarce in a world of abudance is human attention.
* The migration from ad hoc use to commercialisation cannot be rushed. To reach ubiquity you have to pass through sharing.
* Releasing incomplete 'buggy' products is not cost-cutting desperation; it is the shrewdest way to complete a product when your customers are smarter than you are.
* The first thing the network economy reforms is our identity.
* Individual allegiance moves away from firms and toward networks and network platforms.
* In the network economy a firm's primary focus shifts from maximizing the firm«s value to maximizing the network's value.
* In the network economy, ever-less energy is needed to complete a single transaction, but ever-more effort is needed to agree on what pattern the transaction should follow.
* As more of the economy migrates to intangibles, more of the economy will require standards.
* Eventually technical standards will become as important as laws.
* To prosper, feed the web first.
* Bit by bit the logic of the network will overtake every we atom we deal with.
* Because information trumps mass, all commerce migrates to the network economy.
* There can be no expertise in innovation unless there is also expertise in demolishing the ensconced.
* Letting go at the top is not an act against perfection, but against short-sightedness.
* Because skill guilds constrain (and defend) an organisation, it is often far easier to start a new organisation than to change a successful old one.
* To maximise innovation, maximise the fringes.
* Not every success needs to be abandoned drastically, but every success needs to be questioned drastically.
* People will inhabit places, but increasingly the economy inhabits a space.
* In the marketspace of networks, value flows in webs.
* Everywhere networks go, intermediaries follow. The more nodes, the more middlemen.
* The big will have a different kind of bigness. The network economy encourages the middle space. It supplies technology (which the industrial age could not) to nurture mid-sized wonders.
* It takes a village to make a mall. Community precedes commerce.
* The net shifts from mass media to mess media.
* The network economy has moved from change to flux.
* If the system settles into harmony and equilibrium it will eventually stagnate and die.
* In a poetic sense the prime goal of the new economy is to undo – company by company, industry by industry – the industrial economy.
* To achieve sustainable innovation you need to seek persistent disequilibrium. To seek persistent disequilibrium means that one must chase after disruption without succumbing to it, or retreating from it.
* Change comes in various wavelengths. There are changes in the game, changes in the rules of the game, and changes in how the rules are changed.
* The central economic imperative of the new economy is to amplify relationships.
* When information is plentiful, peers take over.
* Outsiders act as employees, employees act as outsiders. New relationships blur the roles of employees and customers to the point of unity. They reveal the customer and the company as one.
* In the network economy, producing and consuming fuse into a single verb: prosuming. Since a relationship involves two members investing in it, its value increases twice as fast as one's investment.
* As in other technological evolutions, relationship tech will begin its innovation in the avant garde, then work back to the familiar.
* Expertise now resides in fanatical customers. The world's best experts on your product or service, don't work for your company. They are your customers, or a hobby tribe.
* The net demands wiser customers.
* Privacy is a type of conversation. Firms should view privacy not as some inconvenient obsession of customers that must be snuck around but more as a way to cultivate a genuine relationship.
* One of the chief chores in the next economy is to restore the symmetry of knowledge.
* The network economy is founded on technology, but can only be built on relationships. It starts with chips and ends with trust.
* It is not money the Great Asymmetry accrues, nor energy, nor stuff. The origin of economic wealth begins in opportunities.
* Every opportunity seized launches at least two new opportunities.
* Don't solve problems, pursue opportunities.
* There is more to be gained by producing more opportunities than by optimizing existing ones.
* Productivity, however, is exactly the wrong thing to care about in the new economy.
* The problem with trying to measure productivity is that it measures only how well people can do the wrong jobs. Any job that can be measured for productivity probably should be eliminated from the list of jobs that people do.
* In the coming era, doing the exactly right next thing is far more fruitful than doing the same thing twice.

### What Technology Wants (2010)

* The technium is the way the universe has engineered its own self-awareness. ... The universe is mostly empty because it is waiting to be filled with the products of life and the technium, with questions and problems and the thickening relations between bits that we call con scientia—shared knowledge—or consciousness. And whether we like it or not, we stand at the fulcrum of the future. We are in part responsible for the evolution of this planet proceeding onward.
** p. 357
* The technium expands life’s fundamental traits, and in so doing it expands life’s fundamental goodness. Life’s increasing diversity, its reach for sentience, its long-term move from the general to the different, its essential (and paradoxical) ability to generate new versions of itself, and its constant play in an infinite game are the very traits and “wants” of the technium. Or should I say, the technium’s wants are those of life. But the technium does not stop there. The technium also expands the mind’s fundamental traits, and in so doing it expands the mind’s fundamental goodness. Technology amplifies the mind’s urge toward the unity of all thought, it accelerates the connections among all people, and it will populate the world with all conceivable ways of comprehending the infinite.
** p. 359

### Wired magazine
#### "The Myth of a Superhuman AI"

* At the core of the notion of a superhuman intelligence - particularly the view that this intelligence will keep improving itself - is the essential belief that intelligence has an infinite scale. I find no evidence for this. Again, mistaking intelligence as a single dimension helps this belief, but we should understand it as a belief. There is no other physical dimension in the universe that is infinite, as far as science knows so far. Temperature is not infinite - there is finite cold and finite heat. There is finite space and time. Finite speed. Perhaps the mathematical number line is infinite, but all other physical attributes are finite.It stands to reason that reason itself is finite, and not infinite.
* Definition of reality: the fastest possible version of all the details and degrees of freedom present.