# Richard Borcherds

Richard Ewen Borcherds (born 29 November 1959) is a British mathematician, known for his proof of monstrous moonshine. He was elected in 1994 FRS and in 1998 was awarded a Fields Medal.

## Quotes

* The classification of finite simple groups shows that every finite simple group either fits into one of about 20 infinite families, or is one of 26 exceptions, called sporadic simple groups. The monster simple group is the largest of the sporadic finite simple groups, and was discovered by Fischer and Griess ... Its order is 8080,17424,79451,28758,86459,90496,17107,57005,75436,80000,00000 = 2$^{46}$ ⋅ 3$^{20}$ ⋅ 5$^9$ ⋅ 7$^6$ ⋅ 11$^2$ ⋅ 13$^3$ ⋅ 17 ⋅ 19 ⋅ 23 ⋅29 ⋅ 31 ⋅ 41 ⋅ 47 ⋅ 59 ⋅ 71 (which is roughly the number of elementary particles in the earth). The smallest irreducible representations have dimensions 1, 196883, 21296876, ... The elliptic modular function j(τ) has the power series expansion j(τ) = q$^{−1}$ + 744 + 196884q + 21493760q$^2$ +... where q = e$^{2πiτ}$, and is in some sense the simplest nonconstant function satisfying the functional equations j(τ) = j(τ + 1) = j(−1/τ). John McKay noticed some rather weird relations between coefficients of the elliptic modular function and the representations of the monster as follows: 1 = 1 196884 = 196883 + 1 21493760 = 21296876 + 196883 + 1 where the numbers on the left are coefficients of j(τ) and the numbers on the right are dimensions of irreducible representations of the monster. At the time he discovered these relations, several people thought it so unlikely that there could be a relation between the monster and the elliptic modular function that they politely told McKay that he was talking nonsense. The term “monstrous moonshine” (coined by Conway) refers to various extensions of McKay’s observation, and in particular to relations between sporadic simple groups and modular functions.
** (1998). "What is moonshine?". arXiv preprint math/9809110.
* ... if you take the compact Lie groups, we have a classification of them ... And then we've got a very simple explanation of why this list turns up, that they more or less correspond to finite reflection groups. And we know who to classify finite reflection groups. ... we can give single uniform construction of all the compact Lie groups. But there's nothing like that for the sporadic groups.
* (January 23, 2023)"Richard Borchers: E8, Witten, Langlands Modular Forms". Theories of Everything with Curt Jaimungal, YouTube. (quote at 35:35 of 1:36:06 in video)

## Quotes about Richard Borcherds

Richard Borcherds has used the study of certain exceptional and exotic algebraic structures to motivate the introduction of important new algebraic concepts: vertex algebas and generalized Kac-Moody algebras, and he has demonstrated their power by using them to prove the “moonshine conjectures” of Conway and Norton about the Monster Group and to find whole new families of automorphic forms. A central thread in his research has been a particular Lie algebra, now known as the Fake Monster Lie algebra, which is, in a certain sense, the simplest known example of a generalized Kac-Moody algebra which is not finite-dimensional or affine (or a sum of such algebras). As the name might suggest, this algebra appears to have something to do with the Monster group, i.e. the largest sporadic finite simple group.
** Peter Goddard, (1998). "The work of Richard Ewen Borcherds". Documenta Mathematica: 99–108. ISSN 1431-0635. arXiv preprint

## External links

* Encyclopedic article on Richard Borcherds on Wikipedia