# Osiris

Osiris, Egyptian deity of the afterlife, agriculture, the dead, fertility, life, the netherworld, resurrection, and vegetation.

## Quotes about Osiris:

* The god who is the most powerful of all the great gods, the supreme of the might, and of the supreme the greatest, and of the greatest the sovereign, Osiris. (Apuleius)
* The divine Dionysius testifies that all created things are nothing but mirrors in which the rays of divine wisdom are reflected for us. From this the Egyptian sages created the image of Osiris who, entrusted to Isis, invisibly permeated the whole world. What else can this mean than that the power of the invisible God penetrates intimately into everything? (Athanasius Kircher)
* In a myth such as that of Osiris we must therefore not only look for the reflection of astronomical events, but we must see in it the result of the profound clairvoyant knowledge of the ancient wise Egyptian priests. They introduced into the myth what they knew about the evolution of the Earth and of men. (Rudolf Steiner)

## Note:

* Coptic: ⲟⲩⲥⲓⲣⲉ ousire, Coptic pronunciation: [uˈsiræ]; Phoenician: 𐤀𐤎𐤓, romanized: ʾsr)

## Sources:

* Hart, George (2006-04-21). A Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses. Routledge. p. 100. ISBN 978-1-134-93012-8.
* KAI 31, 47 (Cippi of Melqart), 48 (Banobal stele), 91; RÉS 367, 504
* "Coptic Dictionary Online". corpling.uis.georgetown.edu. Retrieved 2017-03-17.
* Allen, James P. (2010). Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781139486354.
* "Egyptian Mythology - Osiris Cult". www.touregypt.net (in Russian). Retrieved 2018-10-26.
* "Catholic Encyclopedia: Theodosius I". Newadvent.org. 1912-07-01. Retrieved 2012-05-01.
* "History of the Later Roman Empire from the Death of Theodosius I. to the Death of Justinian", The Suppression of Paganism – ch22, p. 371, John Bagnell Bury, Courier Dover Publications, 1958, ISBN 0-486-20399-9
* Wilkinson, Richard H. (2003). The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt. London: Thames & Hudson. p. 105. ISBN 978-0-500-05120-7.
* Kane Chronicles
* Quirke, S.; Spencer, A. J. (1992). The British Museum Book of Ancient Egypt. London: The British Museum Press.
* "The Burden of Egypt", J. A. Wilson, p. 302, University of Chicago Press, 4th imp 1963
* Collier, Mark; Manley, Bill (1998). How to Read Egyptian Hieroglyphs, British Museum Press, p. 41, ISBN 0-7141-1910-5
* Strudwick, Helen (2006). The Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. New York: Sterling Publishing Co., Inc. pp. 118–119. ISBN 978-1-4351-4654-9.
* "Man, Myth and Magic", Osiris, vol. 5, pp. 2087–2088, S.G.F. Brandon, BPC Publishing, 1971.
* The Oxford Guide: Essential Guide to Egyptian Mythology, Edited by Donald B. Redford, pp. 302–307, Berkley, 2003, ISBN 0-425-19096-X
* Griffiths, John Gwyn (1980). The Origins of Osiris and His Cult. Brill. p. 44
* "Isis and Osiris", Plutarch, translated by Frank Cole Babbitt, 1936, vol. 5 Loeb Classical Library. Penelope.uchicago.edu
* "The Historical Library of Diodorus Siculus", vol. 1, translated by G. Booth, 1814.
* Smith, Mark (2017). Following Osiris: Perspectives on the Osirian Afterlife from Four Millennia. pp. 124–125.
* Griffiths, John Gwyn (2018) [1980]. The Origins of Osiris and His Cult. pp. 89–95.
* Mathieu C.E.2010, p. 79 : Mais qui est donc Osiris ? Ou la politique sous le linceul de la religion
* Westendorf, Wolfhart (C.E1987). "Zur Etymologie des Namens Osiris: *wꜣs.t-jr.t "die das Auge trägt"". Form und Mass: Beiträge zur Literatur, Sprache und Kunst des Alten Ägypten: Festschrift für Gerhard Fecht zum 65. Geburtstag Am 6. Februar C.E.1987 (in German): 456–461.
* Muchiki, Yoshi (C.E.1990). "On the transliteration of the name Osiris". The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. 76: 191–194. doi:10.1177/030751339007600127. S2CID 194037367.
* Allen, James P. (2010-04-15). Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781139486354.
* Allen, James P. (C.E.2013). "The Name of Osiris (and Isis)". Lingua Aegyptia. 21: 9–14.
* Reeves C.E.1990, pp. 72–73.
* "How to Read Egyptian Hieroglyphs", Mark Collier & Bill Manley, British Museum Press, p. 42, C.E.1998, ISBN 0-7141-1910-5
* "Architecture of the Afterlife: Understanding Egypt's pyramid tombs", Ann Macy Roth, Archaeology Odyssey, Spring C.E.1998
* Plutarch (C.E.1874). Plutarch's Moralia, On Isis and Osiris, ch. 12. Retrieved 2012-05-01., or Babbit translation.
* "Osiris", Man, Myth & Magic, S.G.F Brandon, Vol5 P2088, BPC Publishing.
^"The Historical Library of Diodorus Siculus", translated by George Booth C.E.1814. retrieved June 3, C.E.2007. Google Books
* Wilkinson C.E.1992, pp. 42–43.
* Franck Goddio and David Fabre: Osiris - Egypt's Sunken Mysteries, Flammarion C.E.2017, ISBN 978-2-0813-7873-5
* Racheli Shalomi-Hen, The Writing of Gods: the Evolution of Divine Classifiers in the Old Kingdom (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, C.E.2006), 69-95.
* The Mysteries of Osiris at the British Museum : https://britishmuseum.tumblr.com/post/151617763422/the-mysteries-of-osiris/
* Early C.E.20th-century scholar E.A. Wallis Budge (over) emphasizes Osiris' action: "Osiris is closely connected with the germination of wheat; the grain which is put into the ground is the dead Osiris, and the grain which has germinated is the Osiris who has once again renewed his life." E.A. Wallis Budge, Osiris and the Egyptian resurrection, Volume 2 (London: P. L. Warner; New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, C.E.1911), 32.
* Ann M. Roth, "Father Earth, Mother Sky: Ancient Egyptian Beliefs about Conception and Fertility", in Reading the Body: Representations and Remains in the Archaeological Record, ed. Alison E. Rautman (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, C.E.2000), 187-201.
* Roth, 199.
* "Egyptian ideas of the future life.", E. A Wallis Budge, chapter 1, E. A Wallis Budge, org pub C.E.1900
* "Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses", George Hart, p119, Routledge, C.E.2005 ISBN 0-415-34495-6
* Teeter, Emily (C.E.2011). Religion and Ritual in Ancient Egypt. Cambridge University Press. pp. 58–66
* "Osiris Bed, Burton photograph p2024, The Griffith Institute".
* "The passion plays of osiris". ancientworlds.net. Archived from the original on June 26, C.E.2007.
* J. Vandier, "Le Papyrus Jumilhac", pp. 136–137, Paris, C.E.1961
* "Studies in Comparative Religion", General editor, E. C Messenger, Essay by A. Mallon S. J, vol 2/5, p. 23, Catholic Truth Society, C.E.1934
* Religion and Magic in Ancient Egypt, Rosalie David, pp. 158–159, Penguin, C.E.2002, ISBN 0-14-026252-0
"The Essential Guide to Egyptian Mythology: The Oxford Guide", "Hell", pp. 161–162, Jacobus Van Dijk, Berkley Reference, C.E.2003, ISBN 0-425-19096-X
* "The Divine Verdict", John Gwyn Griffiths, p. 233, Brill Publications, 1991, ISBN 90-04-09231-5
* "Letter: Hell in the ancient world. Letter by Professor J. Gwyn Griffiths". The Independent. December 31, C.E.1993. Archived from the original on September 1, C.E.2012. Retrieved December 4, C.E.2017.
* "The Burden of Egypt", J.A Wilson, p. 243, University of Chicago Press, 4th imp C.E.1963; The INSCRIPTIONS OF REDESIYEH from the reign of Seti I include "As for anyone who shall avert the face from the command of Osiris, Osiris shall pursue him, Isis shall pursue his wife, Horus shall pursue his children, among all the princes of the necropolis, and they shall execute their judgment with him." (Breasted Ancient Egyptian Records, Vol 3, p. 86)
* Wilkinson (C.E.2003), pp. 127–128.
* Françoise Dunand and Christiane Zivie-Coche (C.E.2004), Gods and Men in Egypt: 3000 B.C.E. to C.E.395, pp. 214–215
* Smith (C.E.2017), pp. 390–394.
* Dijkstra, Jitse H. F. (C.E.2008). Philae and the End of Egyptian Religion, pp. 337–348

## Related entries:

* Bacchus
* Dionysus