# Roald Amundsen

Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen (16 July 1872 – c. 18 June 1928) was a Norwegian explorer of polar regions. He was a key figure of the period known as the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. Amundsen began his career as a polar explorer as first mate on Adrien de Gerlache's Belgian Antarctic Expedition of 1897–1899. From 1903 to 1906, he led the first expedition to successfully traverse the Northwest Passage on the sloop Gjøa. He was the first person to reach both the North and South Poles.

## Quotes

* BEG TO INFORM YOU FRAM PROCEEDING ANTARCTIC — AMUNDSEN
** Telegram to Scott, ca September 9, 1910
** The vessel Fram departs from Madeira for the Antarctic
* The English have loudly and openly told the world that skis and dogs are unusable in these regions and that fur clothes are rubbish. We shall see — we shall see.
* So we arrived, and planted our flag at the geographical South Pole. Thanks be to God!
** A quote also displayed at the geographical South Pole.
* Everything went like a dance.
* Adventure is just bad planning.
* We must always remember with gratitude and admiration the first sailors who steered their vessels through storms and mists, and increased our knowledge of the lands of ice in the South.

### Sydpolen (The South Pole) (1912)

Sydpolen, 2-vols, 1912. Translated as The South Pole: An Account of the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition in the "Fram," 1910–1912, translated by A. G. Chater, 1912.
* "Is this really a Polar ship?" people asked; ... our paper-supply which was in all respects as fine and elegant as it could be: ... From one of the largest houses in Christiania we had a complete set of kitchen utensils and breakfast and dinner services, all of the best kind. ... We carried an extraordinarily copious library; presents of books were showered upon us in great quantities. I suppose the Fram's library at the present moment contains at least 3,000 volumes.
* Everything is on a reduced scale here in the Polar regions; we can't afford to be extravagant.
** Concerning the Polar accommodations
* Personally, I regard alcohol, used in moderation, as a medicine in the Polar regions. ... It is another matter on sledge journeys: there ... alcohol must be banished ... on account of the weight and space. ... Two men who have fallen out a little in the course of the week are reconciled at once by the scent of rum; the past is forgotten, and they start afresh in friendly co-operation.
* We see many fine sunsets here, unique in the splendour of their colour. No doubt the surroundings in this fairyland of blue and white do much to increase their beauty.
** Impressions around March 1911
* ... the brilliant aurora australis. ... flush of daylight has moved to the north, ... but it shows nevertheless that we have daylight here at the darkest time of the year, so there is not the absolute darkness that people think.
** Explaining why the Antarctic winter is not all dark
* The holiday humour that ought to have prevailed in the tent that evening — our first on the plateau — did not make its appearance; there was depression and sadness in the air - we had grown so fond of our dogs.
** Upon slaughtering some dogs to feed other dogs and themselves
* The effect of the great and sudden change of altitude made itself felt at once; when I wanted to turn round in my bag, I had to do it a bit at a time, so as not to get out of breath.
** Upon reaching the polar plateau
* Devil’s Ballroom
** Amundsen's name for a dangerous stretch where the ice could give way unexpectedly
* "Oh, as usual," they shouted back; "no bottom." I mention this little incident just to show how one can grow accustomed to anything in this world.
** Upon finding yet another obscured and deadly abyss
* We reckoned now that we were at the Pole. Of course, every one of us knew that we were not standing on the absolute spot; it would be an impossibility with the time and the instruments at our disposal to ascertain the exact spot. But we were so near it that the few miles which possibly separated us from it could not be of the slightest importance. It was our intention to make a circle around this camp, with a radius of twelve and a half miles (20 kilometers), and to be satisfied with that. After we had halted we collected and congratulated each other. ... we proceeded to the greatest and most solemn act of the whole journey - the planting of our flag.
** Upon reaching the vicinity of 89° 58' 30" S, 60° E, named camp Polheim, about 1½ mile from the geographical Pole. Several forays were made from here, one southwards and beyond the pole.
* Glad as we were to leave it behind, I cannot deny that it was with a certain feeling of melancholy that we saw it vanish. We had grown so fond of our beacons, and whenever we met them we greeted them as old friends. Many and great were the services these silent watchers did us on our long and lonely way.
** On January 21, 1912, upon leaving behind the last navigation beacon at 80° 23' S
* The numerous people who imagine that a long stay in the Polar regions makes a man less susceptible of cold than other mortals are completely mistaken.
* I may say that this is the greatest factor — the way in which the expedition is equipped — the way in which every difficulty is foreseen, and precautions taken for meeting or avoiding it. Victory awaits him who has everything in order — luck, people call it. Defeat is certain for him who has neglected to take the necessary precautions in time; this is called bad luck.

## Quotes about Amundsen

* I have a story coming out in The New Yorker about the first women who got to Antarctica. Actually they got to the Pole first. But they didn't leave any traces...They got there just a little bit ahead of Amundsen. A small group of South American women.
** 1982 interview in Conversations with Ursula Le Guin
* For scientific leadership, give me Scott; for swift and efficient travel, Amundsen; but when you are in a hopeless situation, when there seems to be no way out, get on your knees and pray for Shackleton.
** Sir Raymond Priestley

## External links

* The Fram Museum (Frammuseet)
* Map of Amundsen's and Scott's South Pole journeys at The Fram Museum
* Arctic Passage at Nova (PBS) with photographs, maps, excerpts from Amundsen's autobiography and an interview with Roland Huntford.
* Roald Amundsen article at south-pole.com
* 70South - information on Roald Amundsen
* Short biography from Norwegian Foreign Ministry
* DIO vol.10 2000 Amundsen's unparalleled record of polar firsts, including evidence that he was 1st to each geographical pole.
* The Last Place On Earth (1985)
* Roald Amundsen At Find A Grave
* The Red Tent Sean Connery plays Amundsen
* Villemont Roald Amundsen Legacy at VILLEMONT
* Search for Amundsen's crashed plane

### Works by Amundsen

* Works by Roald Amundsen at Project Gutenberg (plain text and HTML)
* Works by Roald Amundsen at Internet Archive
* Works by Roald Amundsen via LibriVox (audiobooks)
* The South Pole Arthur G. Chater's 1912 translation (HTML)
* Authority control: WorldCat search