OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Social epistemology

Social epistemology refers to a broad set of approaches that can be taken in epistemology (the study of knowledge) that construes human knowledge as a collective achievement. Another way of characterizing social epistemology is as the evaluation of the social dimensions of knowledge or information.

## Quotes

* We must look at the price system as such a mechanism for communicating information if we want to understand its real function—a function which, of course, it fulfils less perfectly as prices grow more rigid. (Even when quoted prices have become quite rigid, however, the forces which would operate through changes in price still operate to a considerable extent through changes in the other terms of the contract.) The most significant fact about this system is the economy of knowledge with which it operates, or how little the individual participants need to know in order to be able to take the right action. In abbreviated form, by a kind of symbol, only the most essential information is passed on and passed on only to those concerned. It is more than a metaphor to describe the price system as a kind of machinery for registering change, or a system of telecommunications which enables individual producers to watch merely the movement of a few pointers, as an engineer might watch the hands of a few dials, in order to adjust their activities to changes of which they may never know more than is reflected in the price movement.
** Friedrich Hayek, "The Use of Knowledge in Society" (1945)
* As to the sequence in the process of cognition, perceptual experience comes first; we stress the significance of social practice in the process of cognition precisely because social practice alone can give rise to human knowledge and it alone can start man on the acquisition of perceptual experience from the objective world.
** Mao Zedong, "On Practice" (1937)
* It is a profoundly erroneous truism, repeated by all copy-books and by eminent people when they are making speeches, that we should cultivate the habit of thinking of what we are doing. The precise opposite is the case. Civilization advances by extending the number of important operations which we can perform without thinking about them. Operations of thought are like cavalry charges in a battle—they are strictly limited in number, they require fresh horses, and must only be made at decisive moments.
** Alfred North Whitehead, Introduction to Mathematics (1911), Chapter 5. The Symbolism of Mathematics
# Social constructionism

Social constructionism is a theory of knowledge that examines the development of jointly constructed understandings of the world that form the basis for shared assumptions about reality.

## Quotes

* A fundamental problem in such studies stems from the long tradition that has regarded artistic productions as social facts. by regarding such productions as social facts the analyst is relieved of the burden of demonstrating what meanings these productions have for the artist and his audience. It is too frequently assumed that such meanings can be identified by a capable analyst, independent of the interpretations brought to such works by the artist or his audiences. In my judgement artist productions must be seen as interactional creations; the meanings of which arise out of the interactions directed to them by the artist and his audience.
** Norman Denzin, quoted in The Sociology of Rock by Simon Frith, 1978, ISBN 0094602204
* Those who say that all historical accounts are ideological constructs (which is one version of the idea that there is really no historical truth) rely on some story which must itself claim historical truth. They show that supposedly "objective" historians have tendentiously told their stories from some particular perspective; they describe, for example, the biasses that have gone into constructing various histories of the United States. Such an account, as a particular piece of history, may very well be true, but truth is a virtue that is embarrassingly unhelpful to a critic who wants not just to unmask past historians of America but to tell us that at the end of the line there is no historical truth. It is remarkable how complacent some "deconstructive" histories are about the status of the history that they deploy themselves.
** Bernard Williams, Truth and Truthfulness (2002)
* A further turn is to be found in some "unmasking" accounts of natural science, which aim to show that its pretensions to deliver the truth are unfounded, because of social forces that control its activities. Unlike the case of history, these do not use truths of the same kind; they do not apply science to the criticism of science. They apply the social sciences, and typically depend on the remarkable assumption that the sociology of knowledge is in a better position to deliver truth about science than science is to deliver truth about the world.
** Bernard Williams, Truth and Truthfulness (2002)
# Social exclusion

Social exclusion or social marginalisation is the social disadvantage and relegation to the fringe of society.

## Quotes

* Some of the most inclusive and visionary ideas of human liberation have historically been formulated by those on the margins, those excluded from formal political power, the stigmatized, semiliterate, “backward,” and “illegal.”
** Jennifer Guglielmo, Living the Revolution: Italian Women's Resistance and Radicalism in New York City, 1880-1945. Univ of North Carolina Press. 2010. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-8078-3356-8.
* To be in the margin is to be part of the whole but outside the main body. As black Americans living in a small Kentucky town, the railroad tracks were a daily reminder of our marginality. Across those tracks were paved streets, stores we could not enter, restaurants we could not eat in, and people we could not look directly in the face. Across those tracks was a world we could work in as maids, as janitors, as prostitutes, as long as it was in a service capacity. We could enter that world but we could not live there. We had always to return to the margin, to cross the tracks, to shacks and abandoned houses on the edge of town. There were laws to ensure our return. To not return was to risk being punished. Living as we did-on the edge-we developed a particular way of seeing reality. We looked both from the outside in and and from the inside out. We focused our attention on the center as well as on the margin. We understood both. This mode of seeing reminded us of the existence of a whole universe, a main body made up of both margin and center. Our survival depended on an ongoing public awareness of the separation between margin and center and an ongoing private acknowledgment that we were a necessary, vital part of that whole. This sense of wholeness, impressed upon our consciousness by the structure of our daily lives, provided us an oppositional world view-a mode of seeing unknown to most of our oppressors, that sustained us, aided us in our struggle to transcend poverty and despair, strengthened our sense of self and our solidarity.
** bell hooks, Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center (1984), Preface, p. xvii.

## External links

* Authority control: WorldCat search
# Social control

Social control is the process by which individuals are led to develop thought and behavior patterns acceptable to the ruling institutions of a society.

## Quotes

* It was not necessary to know much. So long as they continued to work and breed...They were born, they grew up in the gutters, they went to work... a brief blossoming-period of beauty and sexual desire, they married... the care of home and children, petty quarrels with neighbours, films, football, beer, and... gambling, filled up the horizon of their minds. To keep them in control was not difficult.
** George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949)
* It appeared that there had even been demonstrations to thank Big Brother for raising the chocolate ration to twenty grammes a week. And only yesterday, he reflected, it had been announced that the ration was to be REDUCED to twenty grammes a week. Was it possible that they could swallow that, after only twenty-four hours? Yes, they swallowed it. Parsons swallowed it easily, with the stupidity of an animal. The eyeless creature at the other table swallowed it fanatically, passionately...
** George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949)
* A few agents of the Thought Police moved always among them, spreading false rumours and marking down and eliminating the few individuals who were judged capable of becoming dangerous... It was not desirable that the proles should have strong political feelings. All that was required of them was a primitive patriotism... Even when they became discontented, as they sometimes did, their discontent led nowhere, because being without general ideas, they could only focus it on petty specific grievances. The larger evils invariably escaped their notice... The great majority of proles did not even have telescreens in their homes. Even the civil police interfered with them very little. There was a vast amount of criminality in London, a whole world-within-a-world of thieves, bandits, prostitutes, drug-peddlers, and racketeers of every description; but since it all happened among the proles themselves, it was of no importance.
** George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949)
* Social power [is the] potential influence, the ability of a person or group to induce or prevent change in another. Social control [is] the process by which members of a social entity are influenced to adhere to values and principles of proper behavior deemed appropriate for that social entity.
** Bertram H. Raven (1999). "Kurt Lewin address: Influence, Power, Religion, and the Mechanisms of Social Control." Journal of Social Issues. 55(1):161-186. p. 161

## See also

* Control
* Mind control
* Social change
* Social choice theory
* Social power
# Social determinants of health

The social determinants of health are the economic and social conditions that influence individual and group differences in health status.

## Quotes

* A lot has been written about how this pandemic is exacerbating social inequalities. But what if it’s because our societies are so unequal that this pandemic happened? There is a school of thought that, historically, pandemics have been more likely to occur at times of social inequality and discord. As the poor get poorer, the thinking goes, their baseline health suffers, making them more prone to infection. At the same time they are forced to move more, in search of work, and to gravitate to cities. The rich, meanwhile, have more to spend on luxuries, including products that hail from far-flung places. The world becomes more tightly connected through trade, and germs, people and luxury goods travel together along trade routes that connect cities. On paper, it looks like a perfect storm.
** Laura Spinney, Inequality doesn't just make pandemics worse – it could cause them, 12 April 2020, The Guardian

## Also see

* Exercise
* Immune system
* Organic food
* Health
* Holism
* Veganism
* Vegetarianism
# The Columbian Orator

The Columbian Orator, a collection of political essays, poems, and dialogues first published in 1797, was widely used in American schoolrooms in the first quarter of the 19th century to teach reading and speaking.

## Quotes

* To scatter the clouds of ignorance and error from the atmosphere of reason; to remove the film of prejudice from the mental eye; and thus to irradiate the benighted mind with the cheering beams of truth, is at once the business and the glory of eloquence.
   * "Extract from an Oration on Eloquence, Pronounced at Harvard University on Commencement Day, 1794", p. 30
* Slave: What have you done, what can you do for me, that will compensate for the liberty which you have taken away?
    Master: I did not take it away. You were a slave when I fairly purchased you.
    Slave: Did I give my consent to the purchase?
    Master: You had no consent to give. You had already lost the right of disposing of yourself.
    Slave: I had lost the power, but how the right?
   * "Dialogue Between a Master and a Slave", p. 240
* Master: It is in the order of Providence that one man should become subservient to another. It ever has been so, and ever will be. I found the custom, and did not make it.
    Slave: You cannot but be sensible, that the robber who puts a pistol to your breast may make just the same plea. Providence gives him a power over your life and property; it gave my enemies a power over my liberty. But it has also given me legs to escape with; and what should prevent me from using them?
   * "Dialogue Between a Master and a Slave", p. 241

## Quotes about The Columbian Orator

* The moral which I gained from the dialogue was the power of truth over the conscience of even a slaveholder. What I got from Sheridan was a bold denunciation of slavery, and a powerful vindication of human rights.
** Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave
# The Complete Works of William Shakespeare (Abridged)

The Complete Works of William Shakespeare (Abridged) (also known as The Complete Wrks of Wllm Shkspr (Abridged)) is a parody of the plays written by William Shakespeare, with all of them being performed in shortened form during a single show by only three actors. The play was written by the Reduced Shakespeare Company, and first performed at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in 1987.

## Dialogue

    Austin Tichenor: It is I, omelet, the Cheese Danish!
    Adam Long: !ooB
    Reed Martin: Neither a borrower nor a lender be! Hmph!
    Audience: Maybe, maybe not!
    Austin, Reed, and Adam: Henry IV, Richard III, Phillips a dork and Charles a turd. Go Fergie!
    Adam Long: Behold, where stands the usurper's cursed head! Ah MacBeth, your arse is out the windie!
    Austin Tichenor: (Playing with puppets for the play within a play in Hamlet) Mana mana. Do do doo. Mana mana. Do do do doo. (One puppet whistles at the other. Pause. Puppets engage in intercourse)
    Adam Long: I feel like such a dork.
    Austin Tichenor: Yeah, well, go with the feeling.
    Adam Long: Here's the story of a brother by the name of Othello. He liked white women and he liked...green Jello.
    Adam Long: And Iago loved Dessy like Adonis loved Venus!
    Austin Tichenor: And Desi loved Othello 'cause he had a big... SWORD!
    Austin Tichenor: (dressed as a cook, holding a blood-stained cleaver) Good evening, ladies and gentlemen! Good evening, gore-mets and welcome to Roman Meals. I'm your host, Titus Andronicus. Now, look, when you've had a long day, your left hand chopped off - BAM! - (reveals a gloved hand to give the appearance of it being cut off), your sons murdered, your daughter raped, her tongue cut out, both her hands chopped off - BAM! BAM! - (mimes chopping), well, the last thing you wanna do is cook, y'know what I mean? Unless, of course, you cook the rapist and serve 'im to his mother at the dinner party!
# The Company You Keep (TV series)

The Company You Keep (2023) is an American short-lived drama that aired on ABC. On May 12, 2023, ABC cancelled the series after 1 season.

## Season 1
### Pilot [1.01]

    Emma Hill: So what do you do?
    Charlie Nicoletti: Those pageants really prepared you for NASA.

## Cast

* Milo Ventimiglia - Charlie Nicoletti
* Catherine Haena Kim - Emma Hill
* Sarah Wayne Callies - Birdie Nicoletti
* Polly Draper - Fran Nicoletti
* William Fichtner - Leo Nicoletti
* Tim Chiou - David Hill
* James Saito - Joseph Hill
* Freda Foh Shen - Grace Hill
* Felisha Terrell - Daphne Finch

## External links

* The Company You Keep quotes at the Internet Movie Database
# Spell checker

In software, a spell checker is a software feature that checks for misspellings in a text. Spell-checking features are often embedded in software or services, such as a word processor, email client, electronic dictionary, or search engine.

## Quotes

* Eye have a spelling chequer,
    It came with my Pea Sea.
    It plane lee marks four my revue
    Miss Steaks I can knot sea.
   * Jerrold H. Zar, Journal of Irreproducible Results, January/February 1994 issue
       Translation:
       I have a spelling checker;
       It came with my PC.
       It plainly marks for my review
       Mistakes I cannot see.
* Spellcheck has been great, but whoever figures out how to get grammar check to work is guaranteed a Nobel.
   * Randall Munroe in xkcd 2298

## See also

* Spelling
* Grammar

## External links

[Spell Check]
# Speedy Gonzales (film)

Speedy Gonzales is a 1955 Merrie Melodies animated short directed by Friz Freleng from a story by Warren Foster. It is the official debut of the title character. It won the Oscar for Best Animated Short Film. This cartoon is the first time Speedy Gonzales and Sylvester meet.
    Directed by I. Freleng. Produced by Edward Selzer. (uncredited) Story by Warren Foster.

## Speedy Gonzales

* [repeated line] Ándale! Ándale! Arriba! Arriba!
* [last line of the short film] I like this pussycat fellow; he's silly!

## Voice cast

* Mel Blanc as Speedy Gonzales / Sylvester / Various Mice.
* Stan Freberg as Mice. (uncredited)
# Spelling

Spelling is an element of orthography that involves the writing of words with the correct letters in the appropriate order.

## Quotes

* Spelling is the art of writing words with their proper letters. In the English language this art is peculiarly difficult.
** Joseph Angus: Handbook of the English Tongue (1861), p. 96
* Languages never stand still. Modern spelling crystallises lost pronunciations: the visual never quite catches up with the aural.
** Anthony Burgess, A Mouthful of Air: Language and Languages, Especially English (1992)
* If the professors of English will complain to me that the students who come to the universities, after all those years of study, still cannot spell "friend," I say to them that something's the matter with the way you spell friend.
** Richard Feynman, The Meaning of It All (1999)
* Spelling checkers (sometimes called "spell checkers" by people who need syntax checkers) ...
** Bruno Martins and Mário J. Silva, Spelling correction for search engine queries, Proceedings of EsTAL-04, España for Natural Language Processing (2004).
* My spelling is Wobbly. It’s good spelling but it Wobbles, and the letters get in the wrong places.
** A. A. Milne, Winnie-the-Pooh, in Winnie-the-Pooh, ch. 6 (1926)
* With the aid of my all-important spelling correction program, I can be confident of my presentation. Do I fear that I will lose my ability to spell as a result of overreliance on this technological crutch? What ability? Actually, my spelling is improving through the use of this spelling corrector that continually points out my errors and suggests corrections.
** Donald Norman, The Design of Everyday Things (1988), Ch. 7
* As to spelling the very frequent word though with six letters instead of two, it is impossible to discuss it, as it is outside the range of common sanity. In comparison such a monstrosity as phlegm for flem is merely disgusting.
** George Bernard Shaw, The Author (Summer 1944)
* They spell it Vinci and pronounce it Vinchy; foreigners always spell better than they pronounce.
** Mark Twain, The Innocents Abroad, ch. 19 (1869)
# Robert Bosch

Robert Bosch (23 September 1861 – 12 March 1942) was a German industrialist, engineer and inventor, founder of Robert Bosch GmbH.

## Quotes

* I do not pay good wages because I have a lot of money; I have a lot of money because I pay good wages.
# Robert Brustein

Robert Sanford Brustein (April 21, 1927 – October 29, 2023) was an American theatrical director, producer, playwright, theatre critic for The New Republic since 1959 and Senior Research Fellow at Harvard University.

## Quotes

* [The] kind of thinking [...] which refuses to make distinctions among artists on the basis of color or nationality or gender, which insists on inclusion rather than exclusion, is hardly fashionable with the current tribalism known as multiculturalism and cultural diversity. But it represents [...] the only kind of thinking that can prepare the way for great art, and builds the path to a reconciled society.
** "More Noise Than Funk", The New Republic (3/4/1996) - review of the George C. Wolfe / Savion Glover musical production Bring in Da Noise, Bring in Da Funk at the Public Theatre in New York
# Robert Briffault

Robert Stephen Briffault, MC (1874 – 11 December 1948) was a French surgeon, social anthropologist and novelist.

## Quotes

* Religion as a whole is but a form of loyalty to the interests of English property.
** The Decline and Fall of the British Empire (1938), p. 116
# Robert Brucciani

Robert Brucciani (1968–) is a Roman Catholic priest who is currently serving as the District Superior of Great Britain & Scandinavia for the traditionalist Society of Saint Pius X.

## Quotes

* The mainstream church is not what it should be, there was an absence of zeal for the truth and an absence of loving self-sacrifice for our Lord Jesus Christ. Most people loose their faith at university, but I actually found my faith there, it's bizarre, but I can only attribute it to other people's prayers, and I decided to only to the masses of the Society of Pius X. The Society of Pius X, really is the only organization that teaches the faith integrally and practices it too, it doesn't make compromise, it's difficult to justify in many people's minds, as they accuse us of disobedience, but in the effective moral absence of a hierarchy which is sanctifying the faithful, the Society of Pius X is filling that void.
* Having the faith and living the faith opens you up, in fact it is quite the opposite to the accusation that it is causing us to be inward looking, on the contrary, having the faith turns the lights on in the world.
** Interview with Fr Brucciani, SSPX Superior of Ireland (November 8, 2019)
# Therese Kansayisa

Therese Kansayisa is a Rwandan woman who is the head of a farmer's cooperative .

## Quotes

* We started growing vegetables. However, we faced the challenge of lack of irrigation. We used to irrigate using watering cans manually. It was not effective. It was tiresome. We had to fetch water from the wetland using jerry cans and carry them on our heads up to the hillside. The partners then gave us irrigation facilities, and we are no longer recording the cases of malnutrition as food productivity increases .
* The diesel pumps could not irrigate a big part of the land on the hillside. The solar-powered irrigation is currently covering all the hectares we have. We also save money to ensure the facility’s maintenance.
** https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/12887/news/environment/cop28-women-bear-the-brunt-of-climate-change-in-rwanda, The New Times Rwanda ,December 6, 2023.
# Therese Neumann

Therese Neumann (9 April 1898 – 18 September 1962) was a German Catholic mystic.

## Quotes

* I resigned myself to the will of God because the duty of every Christian is to accept the cross which the Saviour sends. It would be a sin to strive against the will of God. I did not accept the cross because of the cross, but in devotion to the Cross of the Saviour… My pains by themselves are of no avail to save souls, but only when united with the pains of Our Lord. If it were possible, I would willingly accept sufferings in Heaven in order to bring more souls to the Saviour.
** Quoted in Ann Ball, Modern Saints, vol. 2, 1991, ch. 45.
# Theresia Kyalo

Theresia Kyalo, is a Kenyan lawyer, businesswoman, jewellery designer and multidisciplinary artist, who was signed by Beyoncé Knowles on the pop artist's directory of Black Owned Businesses in July 2020.

## quotes

* I was excited,” she responds animatedly, “but I think people close to me were happier for me than I was for myself. It’s yet to dawn on me just how big this deal is. Not everyone gets their business listed on the directory.
** https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/lifestyle/fashion/Kenyan-jeweller-catches-Beyonce/3815724-5601888-152ln8s/index.html, (business, July 30 2020)