# Afghanistan

Afghanistan (Pashto/Dari: افغانستان, Afġānistān), officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a country in Central and Southern Eurasia. Once a buffer state between the Russian Empire and British India, it has remained in state of civil war since 1978, when conservative Afghans rebelled against a Communist government. The rebellion prompted an invasion and occupation by the Soviet Union, which Muslim fighters defeated with international support. The Muslim fighters overthrew the Communist government in 1992 and were overthrown in 1996 by the more conservative Taliban movement. The United States led an invasion of Afghanistan in 2001 after the September 11 attacks, accompanied by a coalition of NATO members in 2003. However, the United States Armed Forces withdrew from the country in 2021 and the Taliban quickly retook control.
Arranged alphabetically by author or source: A · B · C · D · E · F · G · H · I · J · K · L · M · N · O · P · Q · R · S · T · U · V · W · X · Y · Z · See also · External links

## A

* Afghanistan's rugged terrain is honeycombed with natural caverns and man-made tunnels. The Hindu Kush mountains are pocked with caves scooped out of limestone by melting snow. In the sandstone foothills of the southeastern part of the country, everyone from warriors to farmers has carved tunnels that provide ideal hiding places for fighters and ammunition. The hideouts also include caves dug deep into the granite bedrock during the war with the Soviets in the 1980s. This underground warren is connected by crisscrossing passageways, and is equipped with escape tunnels. Some of these massive caves are large enough to drive a truck into, or to house a few tanks and a fighter jet.
** "The Caves of Afghanistan", The Week (1 January 2007)

## D

* Sta de ishq de weeno daq sho zegaronah Sta puh meena ke byley zalmey saronah Ta tuh rashema zergai ze mah farigh shey Bey ley ta mai andekhney de zlar maronah De Delhi takht hayrawooma chey rayad kum Ze mah de khweley Pashtunkhwa de ghru saronah Ke tamamah dunya yohkhwa tu belkhwa ay Ze mah khwakh dey sta khali tush dagaronah.
** By blood, we are immersed in love of you. The youth lose their heads for your sake. I come to you and my heart finds rest. Away from you, grief clings to my heart like a snake. I forget the throne of Delhi When I remember the mountaintops of my Pashtun land. If I must choose between the world and you, I shall not hesitate to claim your barren deserts as my own.
** Ahmad Shah Durrani, qtd. as an epigraph in Said Hyder Akbar, Come Back to Afghanistan: A California Teenager's Story (2005), front matter

## G

* Remember the rights of the savage, as we call him. Remember that the happiness of his humble home, remember that the sanctity of life in the hill villages of Afghanistan, among the winter snows, is as inviolable in the eye of Almighty God, as can be your own.
** William Ewart Gladstone, Second Midlothian Speech (26 November 1879), Political Speeches in Scotland (Edinburgh, 1879), p. 94

## H

* I want to colour over the bad memories of war on the walls, and if I colour over these bad memories, then I erase [war] from people’s minds. I want to make Afghanistan famous because of its art, not its war.
** Shamsia Hassani, as quoted by Steve Rose Shamsia Hassani: 'I want to colour over the bad memories of war'", The Guardian (18 September 2014)

## M

* The main scourge of our country is perennial foreign intervention... Only final cessation of foreign aggression will allow us to start solving all other problems of Afghanistan, economic and political.
** Ahmad Shah Massoud, as quoted by Amin Saikal, in Modern Afghanistan: A History of Struggle and Survival (2004), p. 7
* We will never be a pawn in someone else's game. We will always be Afghanistan.
** Ahmad Shah Massoud, in Jawbreaker: The Attack on Bin Laden and Al Qaeda (2005) by Gary Berntsen and Ralph Pezzullo.
* Thrice genial clime! Oh, favoured, sweet Cabul! Well art thou named the bless'd—the beautiful! With snow-peaked hills around thee,—guarding arms! Ah! would thy sons were worthy of thy charms! Wild are those tribes, a free but barbarous race, Crime still the shadow darkening Nature's face. What to the Affghan's eye is smiling earth? What scenes of glory?—things of little worth; Not his the finer joys, the charms of lore, The taste that brightens, and the thoughts that soar, His highest aim to lead his mountain horde, And bathe in blood his Koran-graven sword.
** Nicholas Michell, Ruins of Many Lands, 2nd ed. (1850), Book I, Part 3

## N

* Afghanistan is important enough – largely because of its strategic location – to try to influence, but it is not valuable enough to risk dominating.
** Richard Newell, as quoted by Amin Saikal in Modern Afghanistan: A History of Struggle and Survival (2004), p. 7

## W

* And many an Afghan chief, who lies Beneath his cool pomegranate-trees, Clutches his sword in fierce surmise When on the mountain-side he seesThe fleet-foot Marri scout, who comes To tell how he hath heard afar The measured roll of English drums Beat at the gates of Kandahar.
** Oscar Wilde, "Ave Imperatrix" in Poems (1881)

## See also

* 2021 Taliban offensive
* War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)

## External links

* Encyclopedic article on Afghanistan on Wikipedia
* Media related to Afghanistan on Wikimedia Commons