OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture

In mathematics, the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture describes the set of rational solutions to equations defining an elliptic curve. It is an open problem in the field of number theory and is widely recognized as one of the most challenging mathematical problems.

## Quotes

* The BSD Conjecture has its natural context within the larger scope of modern algebraic geometry and number theory.
** Avner Ash; Robert Gross (2012). Elliptic Tales: Curves, Counting, and Number Theory. Princeton University Press. p. 245. ISBN 0-691-15119-9.
* Just as Weil's conjectures were about counting solutions to equations in a situation where the number of solutions is known to be finite, the BSD conjecture concerns the simplest class of polynomial equations—elliptic curves—for which there is no simple way to decide whether the number of solutions is finite or infinite.
** Michael Harris (30 May 2017). Mathematics without Apologies: Portrait of a Problematic Vocation. Princeton University Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-1-4008-8552-7.
* Thanks to their conjecture, Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer are two names that (to mathematicians) are as inextricably linked as the names of Laurel and Hardy, although many have been tricked into believing that there are in fact three mathematicians behind the conjecture - Birch, Swinnerton and Dyer. Birch, with his rather bumbling manner, plays Stan Laurel to Swinnerton-Dyer's rather dour Oliver Hardy.
** Marcus du Sautoy (31 May 2012). The Music of the Primes: Why an unsolved problem in mathematics matters. HarperCollins Publishers. p. 150. ISBN 978-0-00-737587-5.
* This remarkable conjecture relates the behaviour of a function L at a point where it is not at present known to be defined to the order of a group Ш which is not known to be finite.
** Tate, John (1974). "The Arithmetic of Elliptic Curves" (pdf). Inventiones mathematicae 23.

## See also

* Hodge conjecture
* Riemann hypothesis
* P versus NP problem
* Poincaré conjecture (solved)
# Birch bark manuscript

Birch bark manuscripts are documents written on pieces of the inner layer of birch bark, which was commonly used for writing before the mass production of paper. Evidence of birch bark for writing goes back many centuries and appears in various cultures.

## Quotes

* Sringaverapura is a site on the bank of the Ganga, not far upstream of Allahabad. Birch leaf fragments have been identified in its Black-and-Red Ware level dated around 800 BC at the site. The nearest source of birch leaf (Betula utilis or bhurja patra) is the Himalayas, possibly Garhwal hills. What is the point in importing these leaves to Srinagaverapura unless they were used for writing? This is certainly a piece of hard circumstantial evidence in favour of pre-Asokan existence of writing in early historic India.
** Dilip K. Chakrabarti, Review of K. Rajan, Early Writing System: A Journey from Graffiti to Brahmi. DOI: 10.1177/0376983617694685
# Bioremediation

Bioremediation is a process used to treat contaminated media, including water, soil and subsurface material, by altering environmental conditions to stimulate growth of microorganisms and degrade the target pollutants.

## Quotes

* Bioremediation is a technology that uses microorganisms to treat contaminants through natural biodegradation mechanisms (intrinsic bioremediation) or by enhancing natural biodegradation mechanisms through the addition of microbes, nutrients, electron donors, and/or electron acceptors (enhanced bioremediation). This technology, performed in situ (below ground or in place) or ex situ (above ground), is capable of degrading organic compounds to less toxic materials such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, and water through aerobic or anaerobic processes. Bioremediation is being used with increasing frequency to remediate contaminated media at hazardous waste sites because, compared with other remediation technologies, it often is less expensive and more acceptable to the public.
** Environmental Protection Agency, “Use of Bioremediation at Superfund Sites”, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, (September 2001), p. 1
* Bioremediation technologies use microorganisms to treat contaminants by degrading organic compounds to less toxic materials, such as CO2, methane, water, and inorganic salts. These technologies include intrinsic or enhanced bioremediation, which is the focus of this report, and can be performed in situ or ex situ under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. During enhanced bioremediation, amendments are typically added to the media to supplement biodegradation processes. Amendments include nutrients (such asnitrogen and phosphorus), electron donors (such as methanol or lactic acid for anaerobic processes), electron acceptors (such as oxygen for aerobic processes, ferric iron or nitrate for anaerobic processes), or microbes (bioaugmentation) (EPA 1994, EPA 2000).
** Environmental Protection Agency, “Use of Bioremediation at Superfund Sites”, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, (September 2001), p. 3
* [E]ntomoremediation as a novel concept was critically projected as a bioremediation technique that needs to be harnessed in line with global realities of involving organisms like microorganisms and earthworms in soil decontamination. Entomoremediation is defined as a type of remediation in which insects are used in order to decontaminate a degraded soil. The candidacy of collembolans, ants, beetles and termites in entomoremediation is advocated because of their role as ecosystem engineers. The need for mass rearing of the insects to be used in proposed bioremediation is discussed. Bioremediation as a measure that requires interdisciplinary approach is emphasized. The need to use insects that are neither threatened or endangered in entomoremediation in order to achieve overall healthy balance of the soil environment is stressed.
** SC Equim, "Entomoremediation-A Novel In-Situ Bioremediation Approach", Animal Research Journal, Vol 10, No 1 (2013)

## See also

* Pollution
* Soil
* Water
* Plant
* Mushroom
* Insect
* Bacteria
# Birational geometry

In mathematics, birational geometry is a field of algebraic geometry the goal of which is to determine when two algebraic varieties are isomorphic outside lower-dimensional subsets.

## Quotes

* Riemann's theory of Abelian integrals was far ahead of its time in dealing with the fundamental properties of Riemann surfaces and in introducing theta functions. His viewpoint was to consider plane curves as one-dimensional complex manifolds, namely, Riemann surfaces, and it led to very important results in algebraic geometry as well. One of his basic discoveries was that a Riemann surface is uniquely determined by the set of all rational functions on it (called the field of rational functions). This was the birth of birational geometry.
** Kenji Ueno; Katsumi Nomizu (1997). An Introduction to Algebraic Geometry. American Mathematical Society. p. 44. ISBN 978-0-8218-1144-3.
# Bird on a Wire

Bird on a Wire is a 1990 feature film starring Mel Gibson and Goldie Hawn, directed by John Badham, and shot mainly in British Columbia, Canada. The title refers to the Leonard Cohen song "Bird on a Wire". The alley motorcycle chase scene was filmed in Victoria BC, Chinatown in Fan Tan Alley.

## Rick Jarmin

* [repeated line] This can't be good for you.

## Dialogue

    Rick: You come to Detroit and you rent a Beamer? That's like going to Germany and eating Jimmy Dean sausages!
    Rick: What the hell are you doing here?
    Marianne: Me? What the hell are you doing here?
    Rick: Being shot in the butt.
    [in an airplane]
    Rick: Put your head between your knees.
    Marianne: [doing so] Now what?
    Rick: Kiss your ass goodbye. We got no wheels, and we're coming down!
    Marianne: What are you doing here?
    Rick: I missed you. Now hop on...
    Rick: That ought to cover the damages.
    Raun: What damages?
    [Rick rides a motorbike through the closed salon door.]

## Cast

* Mel Gibson as Rick Jarmin
* Goldie Hawn as Marianne Graves
* David Carradine as Eugene Sorenson
* Bill Duke as Albert Diggs
* Stephen Tobolowsky as Joe Weyburn
* Joan Severance as Rachel Varney
* Jeff Corey as Lou Baird

## External links

* Bird on a Wire quotes at the Internet Movie Database
# Birchmount Stadium

Birchmount Stadium is a multi-purpose outdoor sports facility in Toronto, Canada. It is located near Kingston Road and Birchmount Road.

## Quotes

* It'll still be two days till we say we're sorry: Birchmount Stadium, home of the Robbie.
** Barenaked Ladies, "One Week", Stunt (7 July 1998), Reprise Records

## External links

* Encyclopedic article on Birchmount Stadium on Wikipedia
# Beneath a Steel Sky

Beneath a Steel Sky is a science fiction, more specifically cyberpunk, point and click adventure game with comedy elements, created by Revolution Software published by Virgin Interactive Entertainment, and initially released in 1994 for DOS and Amiga. Below is a list of quotes from the game.

## Foster

* A discarded coffee machine?
* Naked people with extra parts! The things folk do for fashion!!
* BARBECUED! I'll never eat KEBAB again!
* His skin is cold... Like plastic...
* That thing's WATCHING me... Good thing I'm naturally PHOTOGENIC!
* It's WHEEZING and BANGING... Like an asthmatic DINOSAUR in the MATING season.
* (While examing a poster of a woman's breasts) Those cannot be natural

## Joey

* See that railing? Take a jump over it Foster!
* EX-TER-MIN-ATE! EX-TER-MIN-ATE.

## Others

* Security officer: We're here to serve the community... And shoot people.
* Norville: Be vigilant..!
* Gallagher: Going up in this world means going down... It's all a question of status.
* Lamb: I hope you have learned something about pipes!
* Lamb: PIPES are the ARTERIES of this mighty ERECTION...

## Dialogue

    Anchor Insurance Man: We also have a rogue robot policy.
    Foster: What's that?
    Anchor Insurance Man: It's a policy to insure you in case your robot turns on you.
    Joey: This is BULLSHIT, Foster; don't listen to that moron.

### Re-cycling plant

    Foster: What's our present location?
    Joey: I'm not sure, but I've a feeling... we're not in Kansas anymore!
    Foster: Give me an analysis, Joey.
    Joey: It's a standard 30mm steel wrench. And you can keep it away from my nuts.

### Furnace

    Foster: You didn't tell me you could fly!
    Joey: I didn't know I had it in me!

### Factory

    Foster: Is your coat made of real fur?
    Lamb: That's right, real beaver fur. Made from the last ten beavers in the world!
    Lamb: What's that ROBOT doing here?
    Foster: He's my PERSONAL ASSISTANT. Say Hello Joey
    Joey: Hello, Joey.
    Lamb: HUH! Pity it's got no BRAIN.

### Crash Site

    Foster: What happened here?
    Guard: Sabotaged chopper CRASHED... Destroyed the HOSPITAL!
    Foster: A HOSPITAL? That's TRAGIC!
    Guard: Could've been WORSE... It ALMOST hit the FACTORY!

## External links

* Beneath a Steel Sky at MobyGames.
* Beneath a Steel Sky at the Internet Movie Database (IMDb).
# Benedict Anderson

Benedict Richard O'Gorman Anderson (August 26, 1936 – December 13, 2015) was an American historian, political scientist, polyglot, and the Aaron L. Binenkorb Professor Emeritus of International Studies, Government & Asian Studies at Cornell University, and is best known for his 1983 book Imagined Communities, which explored the origins of nationalism.

## Quotes

* It is important to recognise that comparison is not a method or even an academic technique; rather, it is a discursive strategy. There are a few important points to bear in mind when one wants to make a comparison. First of all, one has to decide, in any given work, whether one is mainly after similarities or differences. It is very difficult, for example, to say, let alone prove, that Japan and China or Korea are basically similar or basically different. Either case could be made, depending on one’s angle of vision, one’s framework, and the conclusions towards which one intends to move. (In the jingoist years on the eve of the First World War, when Germans and Frenchmen were encouraged to hate each other, the great Austro-Marxist theoretician Otto Bauer enjoyed baiting both sides by saying that contemporary Parisians and Berliners had far more in common than either had with their respective medieval ancestors.) Here I have tried, as perhaps offering a useful example, to show how the comparative works I wrote between the early 1970s and the 2000s reflected, in their real difference, changing perspectives, framings and (political) intentions.
** Benedict Anderson, "Frameworks of Comparison: Benedict Anderson reflects on his intellectual formation," London Review of Books, Vol. 38, No. 2. 21 January 2016, p. 15-18
# Benedict John Osta

Benedict John Osta (15 August 1931 – 30 January 2014) was an Indian prelate of the Catholic Church who served as the archbishop of the Archdiocese of Patna.

## Quotes

* Inculturation is not a superficial strategy for the propagation of our faith, but the very nature and identity of our mission, on the very pattern of God's mission manifested through Jesus in the dialogue of salvation. Only when the Church dialogues with the cultures of Asia, giving birth to Asian forms of Christian spirituality, prayer and worship, theology and lifestyle, will we grow as fully Asian and authentically Christian Churches.
** - H. Exc. Most Rev. Benedict John OSTA, S.J., Bishop of Patna (22 April 1998) Press Office of the Holy See
* Faith and hope in Jesus through Mary is the basis of your spirituality and the good works you achieve, like Monfort you show mercy to the poor and the suffering.
** St Gabriel Brothers Mark Centenary of Mission in India (27 November 2003) Fides News Agency
# Ceramic

A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic solid material comprising metal, nonmetal or metalloid atoms primarily held in ionic and covalent bonds.

## Quotes

* The history of ceramic production in the medieval Muslim world, from the period of the Umayyads in the seventh century to the Ottomans and Safavids in the seventeenth century, attests to the superior creativity and experimentation of Islamic potters, demonstrated through their innovations in shape and design, clay recipes, glazes, and techniques of decoration.
** Josef W. Meri (31 October 2005). Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. Taylor & Francis. p. 143. ISBN 978-1-135-45603-0.
# Centropyge narcosis

Centropyge narcosis is a species of fish.

## Quotes

* We decided to give the name Centropyge narcosis to. That's its official scientific name, in reference to its deep-dwelling habits.
** Richard Pyle, A dive into the reef's Twilight Zone (February 2004) Ted
# Cesare Lombroso

Cesare Lombroso (6 November, 1835 – 19 October, 1909) was an Italian criminologist and founder of the Italian School of Positivist Criminology. He is the father of Criminology or the father of modern Criminology.

## Quotes

* Unfortunately, goodness and honor are rather the exception than the rule among exceptional men, not to speak of geniuses.
** Die Welt (1909); also in A Treasury of Jewish Quotations (1985) by Joseph L. Baron
* Genius is one of the many forms of insanity.
** As quoted in Born under Saturn: the character and conduct of artists : a documented history from antiquity to the French Revolution (1963) by Margot Wittkower.

### The Man of Genius (1891)

* Good sense travels on the well-worn paths; genius, never. And that is why the crowd, not altogether without reason, is so ready to treat great men as lunatics.
** p. x
* Klopstock was questioned regarding the meaningof a passage in his poem. He replied, "God and I both knew what it meant once; now God alone knows."
** Pt. I, Ch. 2
* The appearance of a single great genius is more than equivalent to the birth of a hundred mediocrities.
** Pt. II, Ch. 2
* The ignorant man always adores what he cannot understand.
** Pt. III, Ch. 3
* "Lawsuit mania"… a continual craving to go to law against others, while considering themselves the injured party.
** Pt. III, Ch. 3
# Conversion therapy

Conversion therapy is the pseudoscientific practice of trying to change an individual's sexual orientation using psychological or spiritual interventions.

## Quotes

* We must finally see an end to cruel and inhumane conversion therapies, which have been allowed to spread fear and hatred in our society for far too long.
** Dawn Butler, as quoted in Gay conversion therapy should be made illegal in LGBT action plan, Labour tells Theresa May (2 July 2018) by Ashley Cowburn, The Independent.
* The sick ones are those who believe in this nonsense.
** Doentes são aqueles que acreditam nesse grande absurdo.
** Ivete Sangalo on Instagram.
# Conversations with Nadine Gordimer

Conversations with Nadine Gordimer (1990) by Nadine Gordimer This volume collects three decades of her interviews. In them she presents her attitudes toward her art and its interconnection with the oppressive, volatile politics in her native land. She has traveled extensively to other countries only to discover that no matter how white her skin she is indeed African and the only country she can call home is South Africa. "If you write honestly about life in South Africa, apartheid damns itself," she says. She is ruthlessly honest, and her fiction has played the vital role of communicating in detail to the rest of the world the effects of apartheid upon the daily lives of the South African people. To maintain her integrity, she writes as though she "were dead," without any thought of how anyone will react to what she has written. She remains heroically undaunted both by the banning of three of her novels by the white government and by the protests of radical blacks who assert that whites cannot write convincingly about blacks. She is concerned neither with the image of blacks nor with the image of whites, only with revealing the complexity, the full truth. This truth condemns the racism upon which apartheid is built. In her nine novels and eight volumes of short stories, Gordimer digs deeper and deeper until she has "thematic layers." These include "betrayal-political, sexual, every form" and "power, the way human beings use power in their relationships." Her accounts in these interviews of how she works and of which writers she admires will fascinate readers, scholars, teachers, and students alike. Co-editors Nancy Topping Bazin retired from the faculty of the English and women's studies departments at Old Dominion University, and Marilyn Dallman Seymour retired from the staff of the Government Publications Department of the Old Dominion University Library.

## Quotes

* I can't imagine how there could be a novel of high ambition without ideas ;to me ,ideas becomes theme ,They are thematic and the transcendent aspect of any imaginative work,novels and poems alike.when I write a novel ther are usually two or three themes running concurrently. I see them as layers. I don't consciously seek that,it just seems to happen, perhaps because life is so complex. Human beings are complex ,and we writers strive for the Ultimate expression of the section of life that we dredge out from time and from place . So I think that ideas are of supreme importance but the word 'ideas' to me, comes afterwords
** Part 1 page 3
* No I don't want to be safe and correct. I want to say what I think ,what I see,and what I think needs to be said
** Part 1 page 5
* Well,what does this artistic sincerity and integrity matter? What matters is the cause
** Part 1 page 5

## External links

* digital commons
* good reads
* disa
# Conversion to Judaism

Converting to Judaism is the process whereby a non-Jew joins the Jewish people and officially becomes a member of the Jewish religion.

## Quotes

* Everyone is Jewish, it’s just that not everyone has admitted it yet.
** Rabbi Michael Laitman
* Why did G-d exile the Jewish people? To make converts of the world.
** Talmud Bavli; Pesachim 87b
# Don Juan DeMarco

Don Juan DeMarco is an 1995 drama-romance film about a man who thought himself to be the world's greatest lover.

## Don Juan / John R. DeMarco

* When I say that all woman are dazzling beauties, they object. This one's nose is too large... the hips of another are too wide, perhaps the breast of a third, they are too small. But I see these women for how they truly are: Glorious... radiant, spectacular and perfect because I am not limited by my eyesight. Women react on me the way that they do Don Octavio because they sense that I search out the beauty that dwells within them until it overwhelms everything else. And then they cannot avoid their desire: to release that beauty and envelop me in it.
* Every woman is a mystery waiting to be solved, but a woman hides nothing from a true lover. Her skin color can tell us how to proceed. A hue like the blush of a rose, pink and pale, and she must be coaxed to open her petals with a warmth like the sun. The pale and dappled skin of a redhead calls for the lust of a wave crashing to the shore so we may stir up what lies beneath her and bring up the foamy delight of love to the surface. Although there is no metaphor that truly describes making love to a woman, the closest is playing a rare musical instrument. I wonder...does a Stradivarius violin feel the same rapture as the violinist when he coaxes a single perfect note from its heart?
* There are only four questions of value in life, Don Octavio: What is sacred? Of what is the spirit made? What is worth living for? And what is worth dying for? The answer to each is the same. Only love.

## Don Octavio / Jack Mickler

* I just feel as though we've surrendered our lives to the momentum of mediocrity.
* I want to know what your dreams and your hopes are that got lost along the way while I was thinking about myself.
# Don Herold

Don Herold (July 9, 1889 – June 1, 1966) was an American humorist, writer, illustrator, and cartoonist who wrote and illustrated many books and was a contributor to national magazines.

## Quotes

* There's one thing about baldness; it's neat.
** There Ought to be a Law (1926)
# Don Lee (author)

Don Lee (born 1971) is a Korean-American novelist, fiction writer, literary journal editor, and professor.

## Quotes

* I think most Asian American writers, especially younger ones, are tired of the standard stories about discrimination and assimilation, or those set in the ancient hinterlands of our countries of ethnic origin. Those stories are no longer pertinent or urgent to most of us. Although we have not yet entered into a post-racial era, and although bigotry still rages on, it’s not something that people want to explore or dramatize in every single book or story…
** On the struggles of being an Asian American writer in “‘I Took It As a Dare,’ An Interview with Don Lee” in Superstition Review
* A lot of this had to do with resenting the suggestion when I was starting out as a writer that I should write about the Asian American experience and have Asian American characters. I thought the suggestion was, in and of itself, racist, that I was being told I shouldn’t step out of the ethnic literature box, that I should know my place. But I didn’t want to be labeled as an ethnic writer, and I wasn’t interested in writing about being an immigrant or setting stories in Old Asia. I had no connections to those stories. They weren’t my stories. So essentially my reaction to those suggestions was, Fuck you…
** On not writing about Asian American characters initially in “‘I Took It As a Dare,’ An Interview with Don Lee” in Superstition Review
* I’d like to see us get to the point where Asian American authors can have Asian American characters and a big deal isn’t made about it, or at least so it’s not the first thing mentioned…
** On what he hopes for the future of Asian American writers in “Don Lee: The Ethnic Literature Box” in Guernica Magazine (2012 Jun 25)
* I feel queasy about the idea of having non-Asians taking center stage in one of my books. I would feel guilty about it, as if I were trying to deny my ethnic heritage, even though this is precisely what I am suggesting we should be free to do.
** On the writing dilemmas that he faces in “Don Lee: The Ethnic Literature Box” in Guernica Magazine (2012 Jun 25)