OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gurdwara Shaheed Bhai Taru Singh

Gurdwara Shaheed Bhai Taru Singh (Punjabi and Urdu: گوردوارہ شہید بھائی تارو سنگھ‎) or Gurdwara Shahidi Asthan Bhai Taru Singh ji is a Sikh Gurdwara at Naulakha Bazaar in Lahore, Pakistan, which commemorates the spot where Bhai Taru Singh was martyred. The shrine was built on the grounds of the Shaheed Ganj Mosque, leading to a legal dispute over ownership that began in 1850.[7] British, and later Pakistani, courts upheld the right of Sikhs to maintain a place of worship at the site. While a settlement was being negotiated by British authorities, a group of Sikhs demolished the mosque on 7–8 July 1935, triggering communal riots.

## Quotes

* The dispute over the Abdullah Khan Mosque, which was adjacent to the Shahid Gunj Gurdwara, flared up when the courts dismissed the Anjuman-i-Islamia’s claim to the site and confirmed the control of the Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee (SGPC). 89 Its intention to demolish the defunct mosque and build shops on the site led to widespread protests. When the Majlis-i-Ahrar-i-Islam stood aloof, in marked contrast to its activist role in the Kashmir movement, Maulana Zafar Ali Khan thundered against it on 14 July in a packed meeting at Mochi Gate, and afterwards founded the Majlis-i-Ittehad-i-Millat to lead the Shahid Gunj protests. 90 Public opposition to the Ahrars was so great that they found it virtually impossible to hold a meeting in Lahore for the best part of a year. 91 The Majlis-i-Ittehad-i-Millat held a series of public processions and meetings at Mochi Gate. 92 On 20 July a large crowd gathered there from across the Punjab in a bid to reach the disputed mosque to offer prayers. Despite these efforts at mobilisation, the dispute remained unresolved.
** Colonial Lahore: A History of the City and Beyond by I. Talbot.
* Massjid Shahid Ganj, in Lahore, was constructed as a mosque by one Falak Beg khan, in 1722. The Sikhs, however, claimed that the mosque had been built by demolishing a Gurdwara. Sometime around AD 1762 ,when Sikh power in the region was on the ascendant, they took possession of the building ... The land... became the site of a Sikh Gurdwara and the tomb of a Sikh leader, Bhai Taru Singh.
** Decision in Lahore High Court , in 1938. quoted in Jain, M. (2013). Rama and Ayodhya., p 283 ff.
* When a mosque is adversely possessed by non-Muslims, that is to say, by the Hindus, the Muslims lose all the rights in the land and the building, including the right to worship. The building cannot maintain the character of a mosque and no duty is cast upon the person in possession therof to maintain its original character or to maintain it even as a building.
** Decision in Lahore High Court , in 1938. quoted in Jain, M. (2013). Rama and Ayodhya., p 284 ff.
# Gurkha

The Gurkhas or Gorkhas (/ˈɡɜːrkə, ˈɡʊər-/), with endonym Gorkhali (Nepali: गोरखाली, [ɡorkʰali]), are soldiers native to South Asia of Nepalese nationality and Indian Gorkha ethnicity recruited for the British Army, Nepalese Army, Indian Army, Gurkha Contingent Singapore, Gurkha Reserve Unit Brunei, UN peacekeeping forces and in war zones around the world. Historically, the terms "Gurkha" and "Gorkhali" were synonymous with "Nepali", which originates from the hill principality Gorkha Kingdom, from which the Kingdom of Nepal expanded under Prithivi Narayan Shah. The name may be traced to the medieval Hindu warrior-saint Guru Gorakhnath who has a historic shrine in Gorkha District.

## Quotes

* The Khas, Magars, Gurungs, and Thakurs are the military tribes of the kingdom, from which the fighting element of the Nepalese army is drawn. They are the descendants of the aboriginal tribes who intermarried with Rajputs and other Hindus who took refuge from Muhammadan conquest in the hills of Nepal in the twelfth century.Since the Gurkha conquest, they have spread throughout the whole country, though their real habitat is to the west of the Valley of Nepal. It is to these tribes that the often misapplied term ‘ Gurkha or ‘ Gurkhali ' should be confined.
** Imperial Gazetteer Of India Afghanistan And Nepal
* They are ' said to have come originally from Rajputana, whence they fled early in the fourteenth century, after the capture of Chitor by Ala-ud-dm Khiljl. After passing through the Kumaun hills, they first settled near Palpa, and thence gradually extended their dominions. Prithwi Narayan gladly availed himself of the opportunity thus given of establishing a secure footing in Nepal. Ranjit Mai, however, soon found out his mistake, and was obliged to come to terms with the neighbouring kings in order to resist the encroachments of the Gurkhas. Nevertheless Prithwi Narayan succeeded in taking Kirttipur, a town belonging to the Patan Raja, and then proceeded to attack Patan itself. At this junctui’e the Nepalese applied for assistance to the British Government. Aid yas granted, and Captain Kinloch was dispatched with a small force in the middle of the rainy season. But his force was quite inadequate for the purpose it had in view, and being still further weakened by sickness, was repulsed before he had penetrated into the Valley. The Gurkhas then returned and attacked Katmandu. Prithwi Narayan, having obtained possession of this city by treachery, directed his attention again to Patan and later on to Bhatgaon. Both were taken, and in 1769 the conquest of Nepal by the Gurkhas was complete.
** Imperial Gazetteer Of India Afghanistan And Nepal
# Gurdwara Dera Sahib

Gurdwara Dera Sahib (Punjabi and Urdu: گوردوارہ ڈیرا صاحب‎) is a Sikh temple in Lahore, Pakistan, which commemorates the spot where the 5th guru of Sikhism, Guru Arjan Dev, was martyred in 1606.

## Quotes

* Firing continued to be directed against the famous Dehra Sahib Gurdwara of Lahore, site of the martyrdom of Sri Guru Arjan Dev, fifth Guru of the Sikhs. This, in spite of the fact that this place is situated at a distance of hardly five yards from the Lahore Fort, Headquarters of the Additional Police and military pickets for the city. Water-taps supplying water to the Gurdwara estate were cut off, so that the inmates about 150 in number, should be left to die through sheer thirst. After firing for some time, the Muslim National Guards advanced towards the Gurdwara, and set fire to the building adjoining the Gurdwara. The whole area was ablaze in a few minutes’ time. Some Sikhs had taken shelter in the Samadh (Mausoleum) of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, which is separated from the Gurdwara by a distance of about 30 yards. Here the Muslim crowd, amid cries of “Pakistan zindabad” etc. and filthy abuse directed against the Sikhs battered at the Gates of the Samadh. Several Sikhs were shot dead. The gates of the Gurdwara and Samadh were perforated with bullets. These happenings occurred on the 13th August.
** Talib, S. G. S. (1950). Muslim League Attack on Sikhs and Hindus inthe Punjab, 1947. Amritsar: Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee. p (108-9)
* This was one of the numerous places of non-Muslim worship which had been burned in Lahore. Baoli Sahib, Gurdwara Chaumala Sahib and others had been burned before. Even the famous Dehra Sahib, held in highest sanctity by the Sikhs as being the place of martydom of Sri Guru Arjan Dev, fifth Guru of the Sikhs, was attacked. The Sikh guards and priests of this Gurdwara were mostly killed.
** Talib, S. G. S. (1950). Muslim League Attack on Sikhs and Hindus inthe Punjab, 1947. Amritsar: Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee. p (127)
# Guru Angad Dev

Guru Angad Dev Ji (Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰੂ ਅੰਗਦ ਦੇਵ; 31 March 1504 – 29 March 1552)) was the second of The Ten Gurus of Sikhism. He became Guru on September 7, 1539, following in the footsteps of Guru Nanak Dev Ji, the founder of the Sikh religion.

## Quotes

* Die before the one whom you love; to live after he dies is to live a worthless life in this world.
** Guru Granth Sahib p. 83
* Chop off that head which does not bow to the Lord, O Nanak, that human body, in which there is no pain of separation from the Lord-take that body and burn it.
** Guru Granth Sahib p. 89
* The mouth is not satisfied by speaking, and the ears are not satisfied by hearing. The eyes are not satisfied by seeing-each organ seeks out one sensory quality. The hunger of the hungry is not appeased; by mere words, hunger is not relieved. O Nanak, hunger is relieved only when one utters the Glorious Praises of the Praiseworthy Lord.
** Guru Granth Sahib p. 147

## External links

* Sikhiwiki
# Gurdwara

A gurdwara (gurdwārā; meaning "door to the guru") is a place of assembly and worship for Sikhs. Sikhs also refer to gurdwaras as Gurdwara Sahib. People from all faiths are welcomed in Sikh gurdwaras. Each gurdwara has a Darbar Sahib where the current and everlasting guru of the Sikhs, the scripture Guru Granth Sahib, is placed on a takhat (an elevated throne) in a prominent central position. The raagis (who sing Ragas) recite, sing, and explain the verses from the Guru Granth Sahib, in the presence of the congregation..

## Quotes

* Sikhs have some of their most sacred Gurdwaras in the West Punjab. The freedom of these Gurdwaras and access to them for purposes of worship forms the sorest point of grievance which the Sikhs have at present against the Pakistan Government, and what is regarded as the easy attitude which the Indian Government is adopting with regard to this matter so deeply vital to Sikh religious sentiment.
** Talib, S. G. S. (1950). Muslim League Attack on Sikhs and Hindus inthe Punjab, 1947. Amritsar: Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee. p 231
# Hamza Tzortzis

Hamza Andreas Tzortzis (born in 1980) is a British Muslim public speaker of Greek descent and researcher on Islam.

## Quotes

* We are Muslims and we have an ethical tradition. We believe that the Quran is universal and one of the essential doctrines of it is to ensuring equality and justice without any discrimination between poor and rich.
** "Tzortzis: Islam can cure the inequalities in the world", World Bulletin.net (May 24, 2014)
* More than ten million African children die per year due to malnutrition and over two million people all around the world cannot afford basic needs. I think Islam will resolve this inequal and unjust situation.
** "Tzortzis: Islam can cure the inequalities in the world", World Bulletin.net (May 24, 2014)
* Information isn't knowledge, knowledge is what you become.
** "One God One Religion - Brother Hamza Andreas Tzortzis", Youtube (April 16, 2018)
* Sometimes we don’t understand Islam as it is, we understand Islam as we are. In many ways Islam is a mirror. It will reflect our state of being.
** Twitter (August 15, 2019)
* The oneness of God’s Creativity is to affirm and recognise that God is the sole creator, master and owner of everything that exists. God is the One who sustains, takes care of, and nourishes everything. According to the Islamic doctrine of tawheed, anyone who denies this has associated partners with God, which is polytheism (known as shirk in Islamic theology). Anyone who believes that these descriptions of God can be shared by any created thing has deified that thing. Therefore, they have associated partners with God.
** "7 REASONS WHY GOD IS WORTHY OF WORSHIP", Hamzatzortzis.com
# Hammir Singh

Maharana Hammir Singh (1302–1364),[2] or Hammir (not to be confused with Hammir Singh of Ranthambore), was a 14th-century ruler of Mewar in present-day Rajasthan, India.[3] Hammir Singh, was a scion of the cadet branch Rana of the Guhila dynasty, who regained control of the region, re-established the dynasty after defeating the Tughlaq dynasty, and captured present-day Rajasthan from Muslim forces of Delhi and became the first of the 'Rana' branch to become the King of Mewar with title of Maharana. Hammir also became the progenitor of the Sisodia clan, a branch of the Guhila dynasty, to which every succeeding Maharana of Mewar has belonged.

## Quotes

* Maldeva's greatest enemy was Hammir, Rānã of Sesoda, whose grandfather Lakshman Singh had died with his seven sons including Arsi Singh, father of Hamrair, fighting in the battle of Chittor. Hammīr who had survived the memorable battle, Hammir became the Rana of Sesoda estate and constantly waged war to obtain Chittor Maldeva tried to conciliate him. He married his daughter to Hammīr and ceded certain parts of Chittor to him, but the brave Ränā was determined to regain the whole of Chittor. At last his efforts were crowned with success and after the death of Maldeva in about 1321 A.D. Hammir became master of the whole of Mewar, and assumed the title of Mahãrānā. In an inscription of Mahārānā Kumbhā's time,dated 1438 A.D.;Hammīr is said to have killed a large number of Musalmans. Hammir's descendants have ruled Mewar to the present day.
** Kishori Saran Lal (1950). History of the Khaljis (1290-1320). Allahabad: The Indian Press. p. 131. OCLC 685167335.
* In less than 25 years, Rana Hammir Singh regained Mewar. He was a direct descendant of Bappa Rawal, who along with Nagbhat Gurjar and a confederacy of other North and South Indian rulers, had driven the Arabs out of India in around 738 CE. Hammir Singh also helped the Marwar Rajputs regain their supremacy. He defeated Muhammed Bin Tughlaq in the battle of Singoli, captured him, and released him against a huge ransom. He regained the entire Rajputana from the Tughlaqs.
** Rawal M. S. & Rawal Y. S. (2019). Saffron swords. Garuda Prakashan.
# Hammurabi

Hammurabi (Akkadian from Amorite ˤAmmurāpi, "the kinsman is a healer," from ˤAmmu, "paternal kinsman," and Rāpi, "healer"; c. 1810 BC – 1750 BC) was the sixth king of Babylon and the first king of the Babylonian Empire, extending Babylon's control over Mesopotamia by winning a series of wars against neighboring kingdoms. Hammurabi is known for the set of laws called Hammurabi's Code, one of the first written codes of law in recorded history.

## Quotes

* Anu and Bel called by name me, Hammurabi, the exalted prince, who feared God, to bring about the rule of righteousness in the land.
** Preface to the Code of Hammurabi (translated by Leonard William King, 1910).
* If any one owe a debt for a loan, and a storm prostrates the grain, or the harvest fail, or the grain does not grow for lack of water; in that year he need not give his creditor any grain, he washes his debt-tablet in water and pays no rent for this year.
** Section 48 of the Code of Hammurabi (translated by Leonard William King, 1910).
** Alternately translated as: If a man owe a debt and Adad inundate his field and carry away the produce, or, though lack of water, grain have not grown in the field, in that year he shall not make any return of grain to the creditor, he shall alter his contract-tablet and he shall not pay the interest for that year.
* If a man put out the eye of another man, his eye shall be put out.
** Section 196 of the Code of Hammurabi (translated by Leonard William King, 1910).
** Alternately translated as: If a man destroy the eye of another man, they shall destroy his eye.
* Laws of justice which Hammurabi, the wise king, established.
** Epilogue to the Code of Hammurabi (translated by Leonard William King, 1910).

## About

* Hammurabi's Code cannot by any means be regarded as a faltering attempt to frame laws among a young and inexperienced people. Such a masterpiece of legislation could befit only a thriving and well-organized nation, given to agriculture and commerce, long since grown familiar with the security afforded by written deeds drawn up with all the niceties and solemnities which clever jurists could devise, and accustomed to transact no business otherwise. It is inspired throughout by an appreciation of the right and humane sentiments that make it surpass by far the stern old Roman law.
** Charles L. Souvay, The Catholic Encyclopedia (1910), Volume VII. La traduction des lois ont des erreurs. (Altaïr) et non alternativement . H Altaïr Celui qui détruit l'image vestimentaire donc l'image . Ils ou elles seront à leurs tours privées de leurs droits d'être reconnue . H Altaïr Celui qui brisera l'image personnelle d'un autres et salit l'image de la famille par négligence ou dans le but de détruire. Ils ou elles seront à leurs coeurs . La trahison sur l'image donc le coeur & gêne familial. Il y a retour d'équilibre de la Cour .

## External links

* ↑ Jaynes, Julian (1976). The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind. Houghton Mifflin Company Publishing. ISBN 0395207290.
# Hamsters

Hamsters are rodents best known as pets and laboratory animals.

## Quotes

* The general rule among hamsters appears to be bite first and ask questions afterward.
** Magalhaes, Hulda (1968). "Housing, Care, and Breeding". in Hoffman, Roger A.; Robinson, Paul F.; Magalhaes, Hulda. The Golden Hamster - its biology and use in medical research (1 ed.). Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press. pp. 20.
* Hamsters have a reputation for biting, which we feel is a defamation of character.
** Logsdail, Chris; Logsdail, Peter; Hovers, Kate (2002). Hamsterlopaedia : a complete guide to hamster care. Lydney: Ringpress. ISBN 1860542468.
* The purpose of the current chapter is to summarize some of the information I have obtained on the capture and domestication history of the Syrian hamster, and perhaps to provide you with a new perspective and that will you give you something to muse on during seemingly endless hours of weighing hamsters adrenals, slicing hamster brains, or counting hamster ejaculations.
** Murphy, Michael R. (1985). "History of the Capture and Domestication of the Syrian Golden Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus Waterhouse)". in Siegel, Harold I.. The Hamster : reproduction and behavior. New York: Plenum Press. p. 3. ISBN 030641791X.
# Hamza Hamry

Hamza Hamry (born January 12, 1995 in Kairouan) is a Tunisian he is a former Judoka and mixed martial artist and professional bareknuckle boxer competing in the Featherweight division of the BYB Extreme Fighting Series. he is the first fighter that was born and raised in an Arab country to be signed BYB.

## Quotes

* My goal has always been to make Tunisia proud of me.
** France 24 interview, (December 31, 2021)
* I still have the motivation to practice and fight.
** Carthage Plus interview, (December 6, 2021)
* Living in exile has its difficulties enough.
** Radio Med interview, (January 16, 2022)
* The real martial artist must first be a role model in ethics.
** Express FM interview, (February 20, 2021)

## External links

* Media related to Hamza Hamry on Wikimedia Commons
# Fallen London

Fallen London is a Browser-based game choose-your-own-adventure game developed by Failbetter Games, and set in an alternative Victorian London with gothic overtones.

## Snippets

* Why is the Empress' Palace shuttered? - "Apparently the Empress doesn't like light. Or sudden movements, loud noises, foreigners, treason, peaches. When you're Empress, you can do this kind of thing."
* What's it like being a Tomb-Colonist? - "Halfway between being a leper and being bankrupt. They're difficult, these people. You never know quite what to say to them. 'How are you?' rarely goes down well. Down here you can't really talk about the weather, either."
* What are the things under the City? - "In no particular order, these are said to be: the first Four Cities; the Masters' summer homes; the hatcheries of the Rubbery Men; and a number of gigantic sleeping beasts which are drugged every year to prevent them awakening and destroying the Neath. These are sometimes referred to as the 'stone pigs', but that's probably some sort of mistranslation."
* Ivory Towers? - "You can study many things at the University of London. The Department of Cryptozoology studies the small, hidden creatures of the Neath. Creatures that have never been seen, but almost certainly exist. Under the right circumstances. Hopefully. Otherwise the Department might lose its budget."
* What is prisoner's honey? - "The most delightful secret of Fallen London: a substance which physically transports you to a dream. Usually a very pleasant dream. But watch out for red honey."

## Miscellaneous

* Something terrible has happened. Perhaps a server has caught fire, or a database flared and guttered like a dying star.
** Standard error message.
* The Starveling Cat has moved into your lodgings. May God have mercy on our souls.
** Message displayed when obtaining the Starveling Cat from another player.
* If this doesn't knock their socks off, what will? Shakespeare rising from the grave to rip the spires off the Bazaar?
** Message displayed at the option of selling your short story as a classic.
* You have lost your mind! - "Don't panic. You may be able to get it back. In the meantime, everything is gold and red and marvellous."

## External links

* Official website
* Developer's website
# Heartstopper (TV series)

Heartstopper is a British coming-of-age romantic comedy-drama television series on Netflix, directed by Euros Lyn, written and created by Alice Oseman and based on her webcomic and graphic novel of the same name.

## Season 1
### Boyfriend [1.08]

    Headmaster Barnes: Truham students, Higgs student, welcome to the day I know you've all been waiting for - Truham-Higgs Sports Day. I'm sure that every single one of you is ready to give it your all, or at least I hope so, because if you haven't signed up for an event, Miss Singh will hunt you down and murder you.
    Charlie Spring: Nick?
    Nick Nelson: Yeah?
    Charlie Spring: Does this mean we're... boyfriends?
    Nick Nelson: [laughs] Yes. Was that not already established the last ten times we made out?
    Nick Nelson: Mum.
    Sarah Nelson: Mm-hm?
    Nick Nelson: You know Charlie's like my best friend.
    Sarah Nelson: If you're going to ask if he can come along on holiday this year, the answer's no, 'cause I've already booked the ticket.
    Nick Nelson: No, that's, um, that's not what I was gonna say. [stops, hesitates] He's my boyfriend. Charlie's my boyfriend. I... I still like girls, but, um... We... I like boys too. And me and Charlie, we're... We're going out. And I just... wanted you to know.
    Sarah Nelson: Oh, baby. [hugs Nick] Oh, thank you for telling me. I'm sorry if I ever made you feel like you couldn't tell me that. You don't have to say you like girls if you don't.
    Nick Nelson: No, I, um... It's definitely not just girls. It-it's called bisexuality, if you've heard of that.
    Sarah Nelson: [laughs] I have heard of that. I wasn't born in the 18th century. How long've you known?
    Nick Nelson: Well, um, me and Charlie started going out, couple months ago. But I started liking him way before that.
    Sarah Nelson: [hugs Nick] Oh, I love you.
# Heat equation

The heat equation is a parabolic partial differential equation that describes the distribution of heat (or variation in temperature) in a given region over time.

## Quotes

* The wave equation was quickly followed by remarkably similar equations for gravitation, electrostatics, elasticity, and heat flow. Many bore the names of their inventors: Laplace's equation, Poisson's equation. The equation for heat does not; it bears the unimaginative and not entirely accurate name 'heat equation'. It was introduced by Joseph Fourier, and his ideas led to the creation of a new area of mathematics whose ramifications were to spread far beyond its original source.
** Ian Stewart (2 February 2012). Seventeen Equations that Changed the World. Profile Books. p. 151. ISBN 1-84765-769-9.