# Flora of New York/Hypericaceae, Podostemaceae, Elatinaceae

| ← Oxalidales | Flora of New York — Malpighiales (1) Hypericaceae, Podostemaceae, Elatinaceae | Flora of New York — Malpighiales (1) Hypericaceae, Podostemaceae, Elatinaceae | Flora of New York — Malpighiales (1) Hypericaceae, Podostemaceae, Elatinaceae | Flora of New York — Malpighiales (1) Hypericaceae, Podostemaceae, Elatinaceae | → Malpighiales (2) Violaceae |
| ← Oxalidales | Table of contents | Genus index | Protected species index | Invasive species index | → Malpighiales (2) Violaceae |
* The Malpighiales ... as described in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
| Clade | Clade | Order | Family | Subfamily | Tribe | Genus | Common names | # |
| rosids | basal rosids | Vitales | Vitaceae | Vitoideae | Parthenocisseae | Parthenocissus | creeper, woodbine, ivy | 3 |
| rosids | basal rosids | Vitales | Vitaceae | Vitoideae | Viteae | Vitis | grape | 8 |
| rosids | basal rosids | Vitales | Vitaceae | Vitoideae | Ampelopsideae | Ampelopsis | peppervine | 3 |
| rosids | basal fabids | Zygophyllales | Zygophyllaceae | Tribuloideae | — | Tribulus | puncturevine | 1 |
| rosids | basal fabids | Zygophyllales | Zygophyllaceae | Zygophylloideae | — | Zygophyllum | beancaper | 1 |
| rosids | fabids COM clade | Celastrales | Parnassiaceae | Parnassioideae | — | Parnassia | grass of parnassus | 1 |
| rosids | fabids COM clade | Celastrales | Celastraceae | Celastroideae | — | Celastrus | bittersweet, staff vine | 2 |
| rosids | fabids COM clade | Celastrales | Celastraceae | Celastroideae | — | Euonymus | burning bush, spindletree, wahoo | 6 |
| rosids | fabids COM clade | Oxalidales | Oxalidaceae | — | — | Oxalis | woodsorrel | 6 |
| rosids | fabids COM clade | Malpighiales | Hypericaceae | — | Hypericeae | Triadenum | marsh St. John's wort | 2 |
| rosids | fabids COM clade | Malpighiales | Hypericaceae | — | Hypericeae | Hypericum | St. John's wort | 18 |
| rosids | fabids COM clade | Malpighiales | Podostemaceae | Podostemoideae | — | Podostemum | river weed | 1 |
| rosids | fabids COM clade | Malpighiales | Elatinaceae | — | — | Elatine | water wort | 3 |
| rosids | fabids COM clade | Malpighiales | Violaceae | Violoideae | Violeae | Hybanthus | greenviolet | 1 |
| rosids | fabids COM clade | Malpighiales | Violaceae | Violoideae | Violeae | Viola | violet | 57 |
| rosids | fabids COM clade | Malpighiales | Salicaceae | Salicoideae | — | Populus | cottonwood, aspen, poplar | 11 |
| rosids | fabids COM clade | Malpighiales | Salicaceae | Salicoideae | — | Salix | willow | 36 |
| rosids | fabids COM clade | Malpighiales | Euphorbiaceae | Acalyphoideae | Acalypheae | Acalypha | copperleaf, three-seed mercury | 4 |
| rosids | fabids COM clade | Malpighiales | Euphorbiaceae | Acalyphoideae | Acalypheae | Mercurialis | herb mercury | 1 |
| rosids | fabids COM clade | Malpighiales | Euphorbiaceae | Acalyphoideae | Acalypheae | Ricinus | castor bean | 1 |
| rosids | fabids COM clade | Malpighiales | Euphorbiaceae | Crotonoideae | Crotoneae | Croton | rushfoil, hogwort | 1 |
| rosids | fabids COM clade | Malpighiales | Euphorbiaceae | Euphorbioideae | Euphorbieae | Euphorbia | spurge, sandmat | 21 |
| rosids | fabids COM clade | Malpighiales | Linaceae | Linoideae | Lineae | Linum | flax | 9 |

## Family Hypericaceae

* The Hypericaceae (St. John's-wort family)

### Tribe Hypericeae
#### Triadenum

* Triadenum virginicumMarsh St. Johnswort (Triadenum) species have also been placed in genus Hypericum, section Triadenioides.
Malpighiales — Hypericaceae — Hypericeae — Triadenum :
| Genus Triadenum Raf. (1808) | Marsh St. Johnswort | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Triadenum virginicum (L.) Raf.1759. Hypericum virginicum L. 1813. Elodea campanulata Pursh 1837. Triadenum virginicum (L.) Raf. 1838. Elodes virginica (L.) Nutt. | Marsh St. John's wort, Virginia marsh St. John's wort | Native, CoC: 7, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 5 GBIF | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Triadenum fraseri (Spach) Gleason1836. Elodes fraseri Spach 1836. Elodea fraseri Spach 1840. Hypericum fraseri (Spach) Steud. 1936. Hypericum virginicum  var. fraseri  (Spach) Fernald 1947. Triadenum fraseri (Spach) Gleason 1979. Triadenum virginicum  ssp. fraseri  (Spach) J.M.Gillett | Fraser's marsh St. Johnswort | Native, Secure | | NYFA: 5 GBIF | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |

#### Hypericum

* The genus Hypericum is organized here into sections as treated by Robson (2016). The name Hypericum was derived from the Greek hyper (above) and eikon (picture), possibly indicating that the flowers of these plants were hung above pictures or windows.
* ↑ Norman K.B. Robson (2016) Flora of North America, Volume 6, 24-Apr-2016

##### Hypericum sect. Brathys

* Robson describes this group as an "informal sect. group." It combines the New York Hypericum species which were previously placed in sections Brathys and Trigynobrathys.
Malpighiales — Hypericaceae — Hypericeae — Hypericum sect. Brathys :
| Genus Hypericum sect. Brathys | St. John's-wort | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Hypericum mutilum L.1753. Hypericum mutilum L. | Dwarf St. John's-wort | Native, CoC: 6, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Hypericum boreale (Britton) E.P.Bicknell1891. H. canadense  var. boreale  Britton 1895. H. boreale (Britton) E.P.Bicknell 1895. H. mutilum  var. boreale  E.P.Bicknell provis. 1979. H. mutilum  ssp. boreale  J.M.Gillett | Northern St. Johnswort, Northern St. John's-wort | Native, CoC: 7, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Hypericum majus (A.Gray) Britton1867. H. canadense  var. majus  A.Gray 1894. H. majus (A.Gray) Britton 1908. H. mutilum  var. longifolium  R. Keller 1951. H. blackstonioides Obern. (i) 1951. Sarothra major in… | Greater Canadian St. John's-wort, Larger Canadian St. John's-wort, Large St. Johnswort | Native, CoC: 6, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Hypericum canadense L. | Lesser Canadian St. John's wort, Lesser Canadian St. Johnswort, Canadian St. John's-wort, Lesser St. Johns-wort | Native, CoC: 6, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Hypericum gentianoides (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. | Orangegrass, Orange-grass St. John's-wort, Pineweed | Native, CoC: 4, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Hypericum denticulatum Walter | Coppery St. Johnswort, Coppery St. John's-wort | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, NYNHP: 1 | | NYFA: 1 | USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Hypericum × dissimulatum E.P.Bicknell (pro. sp.)  Hypericum boreale ×   Hypericum canadense1895. Hypericum canadensevar. parvicarpum E.P.Bicknell1913. H. dissimulatum E.P.Bicknell | Disguised St. John's-wort | Native, Endangered | | NYFA: 1? | USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Hypericum sect. Brathys (excluded taxa) | St. John's-wort | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Hypericum gymnanthum Engelm. & A.Gray | Claspingleaf St. John's-wort, Clasping-leaved   St. John's-wort | N. America native, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Hypericum denticulatum. Endangered, S1/G5. ||||||

##### Hypericum sect. Myriandra

* Hypericum ellipticumThe species of Hypericum sect. Myriandra are shrubs or subshrubs.
* ↑ Norman K. B. Robson. Hypericum sect. Myriandra (Spach) R. Keller Flora of North America 6:7 Hypericaceae
Malpighiales — Hypericaceae — Hypericeae — Hypericum sect. Myriandra :
| Genus Hypericum sect. Myriandra subsect. Suturosperma | St. John's-wort | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Hypericum ellipticum Hook.1831. Hypericum ellipticum Hook. 1836. Brathydium canadense Spach 1840. H. brathydium Steudel 1908. H. canadense  var. oviforme  R Keller | Pale St. Johnswort, Pale St. John's-wort, Elliptic St. John's-wort, Elliptic-leaved   St. John's-wortMillepertuis elliptique | Native, CoC: 6, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 5 iNat | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Hypericum adpressum W.P.C.Barton1818. Hypericum adpressum W.P.C.Barton 1821. Hypericum fastigiatum Elliott 1840. H. adpressum  var. fastigiatum  (Elliott) Torr. & A.Gray 1853. Brathydium fastigiatum in… 1853. Myriandra adpressa in… | Creeping St. John's-wort | Native, CoC: 10, Threatened, NYNHP: 2 OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 2 iNat | USDA-N Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Hypericum sect. Myriandra subsect. Centrosperma | St. John's-wort | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Hypericum prolificum L.1767. Hypericum prolificum L. 1836. Myriandra ledifolia Spach 1836. M. spathulata Spach 1836. M. prolifica (L.) Spach 1840. H. spathulatum (Spach) Steud. 1856. Brathys prolifica (L.) Payer | Shrubby St. Johnswort, Shrubby St. John's-wortMillepertuis prolifère | Native, CoC: 3, Threatened, S2, G5, NYNHP: 2 FACU Perennial, Shrub, Sun - part shade | | Allegany, Broome, Cattaraugus, Chenango, Columbia, Nassau, Niagara, Oswego, Saratoga, Seneca, Suffolk, Warren, Westchester NYFA: 2 iNat | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos BONAP LBJ MBG Images Wikispecies |
| Hypericum densiflorum Pursh1813. Hypericum densiflorum Pursh 1856. H. prolificum  var. densiflorum  (Pursh) A.Gray | Bushy St. John's-wort | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, S1, NYNHP: 1 FACW Perennial, Shrub | | Nassau, Queens, Suffolk NYFA: 1 iNat | USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Hypericum kalmianum L.1753. Hypericum kalmianum L. 1853. Norysca kalmiana (L.) K. Koch | Kalm's St. John's-wort | Native, CoC: 10, Likely extirpated, SX, G4 FACW | | Niagara (1817-1901) NYFA: Z iNat | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Hypericum frondosum Michx.1791. H. aureum W.Bartram (i) 1803. H. frondosum Michx. 1814. H. amoenum Pursh 1901. H. splendens Small | Golden St. John's-wort, Cedarglade St. Johnswort | Introduced, Not naturalized, Cultivated | | Warren (1945) NYFA: X iNat | USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Hypericum sect. Myriandra subsect. Ascyrum | St. John's-wort | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Hypericum stragulum W.P.Adams & N.Robson1803. Ascyrum multicaule Michx. ex Willd. 1936. A. hypericoides  var. multicaule  (Michx. ex Willd.) Fernald 1961. Hypericum stragulum in… 1980. H. hypericoides  ssp. multicaule  (Michx. ex Willd.) N.Robson | Low St. John's-wort, St. Andrew's cross, Multi-stemmed   St. John's-wort | Native, CoC: 5, Endangered, NYNHP: 1 FACU Perennial, Shrub, subshrub | | Nassau, Suffolk NYFA: 1 | USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Hypericum hypericoides (L.) Crantz1753. Ascyrum hypericoides L. 1766. H. hypericoides (L.) Crantz | St. Andrew’s cross | N. America native, N.Y. excluded | | excluded NYFA-Excluded | USDA-N0 FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Hypericum crux-andreae (L.) Cranz1753. Ascyrum crux-andreae L. 1766. Hypericum crux-andreae (L.) Cranz | St. Peter's-wort | N. America native, N.Y. excluded | | excluded NYFA-Excluded | FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Hypericum adpressum. Threatened, S2/G3. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Hypericum prolificum. Threatened, S2/G5. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Hypericum densiflorum. Endangered, S1/G5. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Hypericum hypericoides ssp. multicaule. Endangered, S1/G5T4. ||||||

##### Hypericum sect. Roscyna

* Hypericum ascyronHypericum section Roscyna contains the great or giant St. John's wort (Hypericum ascyron), which is native to Asia and northeastern North America. The rare native subspecies H. ascyron ssp. pyramidatum is present in New York, while the Asian subspecies do not appear to be present in the wild.
Malpighiales — Hypericaceae — Hypericeae — Hypericum sect. Roscyna :
| Genus Hypericum sect. Roscyna | St. John's-wort | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Hypericum ascyron L. ssp. pyramidatum (Dryand. ex Aiton) N.Robson1789. Hypericum pyramidatum Dryand. ex Aiton in Hort. Kew. 3:103 1797. Hypericum amplexicaule Lam. in Encycl. 4:147 1802. Hypericum ascyroides Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 3:1443 1803. Hypericum macrocarpum Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:82 1813. Hypericum bartramianum Pursh in Fl. Amer. Sept. 2:274 1836. Roscyna americana Spach in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 5:364, nom. superfl. 1951. Hypericum ascyron var. americanum (Spach) Y.Kimura in T.Nakai & M.Honda 2001. Hypericum ascyron ssp. pyramidatum (Aiton) N.Robson in Bull.Nat.Hist.Mus. | Great St. John's-wort, American great St. Johnswort, Giant St. John's-wortMillepertuis à grandes fleurs, Millepertuis à grande fleur, Millepertuis faux-ascyrum, Millepertuis pyramidal | Native, CoC: 8, Rare, S3, G4 FAC Perennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: 22 counties iNat: 8 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN COL POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNAFNA FoC Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies Note: IW |
| Hypericum ascyron L. ssp. ascyron1753. Hypericum ascyron L. in Sp. Pl.:783 1856. Roscyna japonica Blume in Mus. Bot. 2:21 | Asian great St. JohnswortMillepertuis ascyron, Huang hai tang, Yuan ya zhong | Introduced from  Asia, N.Y. excluded | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-NN VASCAN ARS-GRIN FoC Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Hypericum ascyron L. ssp. gebleri (Ledeb.) N. Robson1831. Hypericum gebleri Ledeb. in C.F.von Ledebour, Fl. Altaic. 3:364 1831. Hypericum ascyron var. macrosepalum Ledeb. in C.F.von Ledebour, Fl.Altaic. 1836. Roscyna gebleri (Ledeb.) Spach in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 5: 364 1859. Hypericum ascyron var. brevistylum Maxim. in Mém. Acad.Imp.Sci. 2001. Hypericum ascyron ssp. gebleri (Ledeb.) N. Robson in Bull.Nat.Hist.Mus. | North-Asian great St. Johnswort, Siberian great St. Johnswort, Short-style great St. JohnswortDuan zhu huang hai tang | Introduced from  northern Asia, Impersistent | | USDA-NN ARS-GRIN FoC Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

##### Hypericum sect. Hypericum

* Hypericum punctatum
Malpighiales — Hypericaceae — Hypericeae — Hypericum sect. Hypericum :
| Genus Hypericum sect. Hypericum | St. John's-wort | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Hypericum punctatum Lam.    H. subpetiolatum | Spotted St. Johnswort, Spotted St. John's-wort | Native, CoC: 4, Secure FAC Perennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Hypericum perforatum L. ssp. perforatum1753. Hypericum perforatum L. 1763. H. officinarum (L.) Crantz (i) 1778. H. vulgare (L.) Lam. (i) 1789. H. officinale (L.) L.Gaterau (i) 1833. H. marylandicum Biroli ex Colla 1877. H. perforatum  var. confertiflorum  Debeaux 1907. H. perforatum  var. microphyllum  H. Lév. 1941. H. nachitschevanicum Grossh. | Common St. John's-wort, Perforate St. John's-wort, Klamathweed, Goatweed, Eola-weed, Tipton's weed, Rosin-roseMillepertuis commun, Millepertuis perforé | Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa, Somewhat invasive,  NYIS: 47%, IO | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FoC Tropicos NatureServe BONAP IPN Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Hypericum perforatum: Low (47). ||||||

##### Hypericum sect. Oligostema

* Hypericum humifusum trailing St. John's-wort
Malpighiales — Hypericaceae — Hypericeae — Hypericum sect. Oligostema :
| Genus Hypericum sect. Oligostema | St. John's-wort | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Hypericum humifusum L.1753. H. humifusum L. | Trailing St. John's-wort | Introduced, Not naturalized, Impersistent | | NYFA: X NYFA: Queens (1879) iNat No observations | USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |

## Family Podostemaceae

The Podostemaceae (riverweed family) …

### Subfamily Podostemoideae
#### Podostemum

Malpighiales — Podostemaceae — Podostemoideae — Podostemum :
| Genus Podostemum | River weed | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Podostemum ceratophyllum Michx.    Podostemum abrotanoides | Riverweed, Threadfoot, Hornleaf riverweed, River-moss | Native, CoC: 8, Threatened OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 2 | USDA-NN ITIS BONAP Images Wikispecies |

## Family Elatinaceae

* The Elatinaceae is a small family with probably fewer than 50 species and only two genera worldwide. Only one genus (Elatine) has species that are native or naturalized in New York.

### Elatine

* Elatine americanaGenus Elatine (waterworts).
Malpighiales — Elatinaceae — Elatine :
| Genus Elatine | Water wort | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Elatine minima (Nutt.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey. | Small water-wort | Native, Likely secure | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Elatine americana (Pursh) Arn. | American water-wort | Native, CoC: 9, Endangered, S1, G4 OBL Annual, Herb-forb | NYFA: 1 NYFA: 9 counties no observations | USDA-N0 Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Elatine triandra Schkuhr | Eurasian waterwort ⓘ Threestamen waterwort Three-stamened waterwort | Introduced, Naturalized, SNA OBL Annual, Herb-forb | NYFA: X NYFA: 4 counties GBIF no observations | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies |