# Classical Chinese/Lesson 6

喜雨亭記
| Text | Middle Chinese (Baxter transliteration) | Ming-T'sing literary Mandarin vocalization (IPA) | Glosses | Translation |
| 亭以雨名。 | deng yiX hjuX mjieng. | tʱiŋ˩ ji˥˧ jy˥˧ miŋ˩. | kiosk - by - rain - to name | The kiosk is named after rain |
| 誌喜也。 | tsyiH xiX yaeX. | tʃiɨ˨˦ hi˥˧ jiɛ˥˧. | record - joy - (comment marker) | to record the joy. |
| 古者有喜。 | kuX tsyaeX hjuwX xiX. | ku˥˧ tʃiɛ˥˧ jiw˥˧ hi˥˧. | ancient - one(s) - to have - joy | When the ancient ones had something to celebrate, |
| 則以名物。 | tsok yiX mjieng mjut. | tsəʔ(k) ji˥˧ miŋ˩ vuʔ(t)˩. | then - by (it) - to name - object | they named an object after it |
| 示不忘也。 | zyijH pjuw mjang yaeX. | ʃʱiɨ˨˦ puʔ(t) vɑŋ˩ jiɛ˥˧. | show - do not - forget - (comment marker) | to show that they would not forget it. |
| 周公得禾。 | tsyuw kuwng tok hwa. | tʃiw kuŋ təʔ(k) ɦwɔ˩. | Tsyuw - duke - to gain - wheat | When Duke Tsyuw (Zhou) received the Wheat, |
| 以名其書。 | yiX mjieng gi syo. | ji˥˧ miŋ˩ kʱi˩ ʃy. | by (it) - to name - her/his/its - writing(s) | he named his written piece after it. |
| 漢武得鼎。 | xanH mjuX tok tengX. | hɑn˨˦ vu˥˧ təʔ(k) tiŋ˥˧. | XanH - MjuX - to gain - tengX(three legged ceremonial cauldron) | When emperor XanH MjuX (Wu of Han) gained his vessel, |
| 以名其年。 | yiX mjieng gi nen. | ji˥˧ miŋ˩ kʱi˩ niɛn˩. | by (it) - to name - her/his/its - year | He named his era after it. |
| 叔孫勝敵。 | syuwk swon syingH dek. | ʃyuʔ(k) sun ʃiŋ˨˦ diʔ(k)˩. | Syuwk - Swon - to win - enemy | When Syuwk Swon (Shusun) prevailed against his enemy, |
| 以名其子。 | yiX mjieng gi tsiX. | ji˥˧ miŋ˩ kʱi˩ tsɨ˥˧. | by (it) - to name - her/his/its - son | he named his son after the enemy. |
| 其喜之大小不齊。 | gi xiX tsyi dajH sjewX pjuw dzej. | kʱi˩ hi˥˧ tʃiɨ dai˨˦ siɛw˥˧ puʔ(t) tsʱi˩. | her/his/its - joy - (genitive marker) - to be big - to be small - do not - to be even | The scale of the celebrated matter was not all the same, |
| 其示不忘一也。 | gi zyijH pjuw mjang 'jit yaeX. | kʱi˩ ʃʱiɨ˨˦ puʔ(t) vɑŋ˩ 'jit jiɛ˥˧. | her/his/its - to show - do not - to forget - to be one - (comment marker) | yet their gesture of unforgettability were of the same intention. |
| 予至扶風之明年。 | yo tsyijH bju pjuwng tsyi mjaeng nen. | jy˩ tʃiɨ˨˦ fʱu˩ fuŋ tʃiɨ miŋ˩ niɛn˩. | I - to arrive - Bju - Pjuwng - (genitive marker) - morrow - year | In the second year since my arrival at Bju-pjuwng (Fufeng), |
| 始治官舍。 | syiX dri kwan syaeH. | ʃiɨ˥˧ tʃʱi˩ kwɔn ʃiɛ˨˦. | to start - to manage - officer - house | I started improving my official residence, |
| 爲亭於堂之北。 | hjwe deng 'jo dang tsyi pok. | ui˩ tʱiŋ˩ ʔy tʱɑŋ˩ tʃiɨ pəʔ(k). | to do - kiosk - at - hall - (genitive) - North | building a kiosk to the north of the hall |
| 而鑿池其南。 | nyi dzuw/dzak drje gi nom. | ɻ˩ dzuʔ(k)˩/dzɒʔ(k)˩ tʃʱi˩ kʱi˩ nam˩. | and/but - to chisel - pond - her/his/its - South | and carving out a pool to the south of it |
| 引流種樹。 | yinX ljuw tsyowngX dzyuH. | jin˥˧ liw˩ tʃyuŋ˥˧ ʃʱy˨˦. | to introduce - flow - to plant - tree | to bring water in for planting trees |
| 以爲休息之所。 | yiX hjwe xjuw sik tsyi srjoX. | ji˥˧ ui˩ hiw siʔ(k) tʃiɨ ʂu˥˧. | (purpose marker) - to do - to rest - to pause - (genitive marker) - location | in order to build a place of relief. |
| 是歲之春。 | dzyeX sjwejH tsyi tsyhwin. | ʃʱiɨ'˨˦ sui˨˦ tʃiɨ tʃʰyun. | this - year - (genitive marker) - the season centered around Spring equinox | In the early spring of the same year, |
| 雨麥於歧山之陽。 | hjuH meak 'jo gjie srean tsyi yang. | jy˨˦ məʔ(k)˩ ʔy kʱi˩ ʂan tʃiɨ jiɑŋ˩. | to precipitate - wheat - at - Gjie - mountain - (genitive marker) - bright side | Wheat fell from heaven to the south slope of Mount Gjie (Qi) - |
| 其占爲有年。 | gi tsyem hjwe hjuwX nen. | kʱi˩ tʃiɛm ui˩ jiw˥˧ niɛn˩. | it - to foretell - to hold possession - year | an omen of a plentiful year. |
| 既而彌月不雨。 | kj+jH nyi mjie ngjwot pjuw hjuX. | ki˨˦ ɻ˩ mi˩ (ŋ)yuɛʔ(t)˩ puʔ(t) jy˥˧. | to finish - and - long - month - do not - to rain | Yet since then, rain did not fall for as long as one month |
| 民方以爲憂。 | mjin pjang yiX hjwe 'juw. | min˩ fɑŋ ji˥˧ ui˩ ʔiw. | commoner - right then - to consider (it) - to be as - worry | and the people started to considered it worrieable. |
| 越三月。 | hjwot sam ngjwot. | jyuɛʔ(t)˩ sam (ŋ)yuɛʔ(t)˩. | to skip - three - month | Three months passed, |
| 乙卯乃雨。 | ’it maewX nojX hjuX. | ʔiʔ(t) maw˥˧ nai˥˧ jy˥˧. | ’It - MaewX - only then - to rain | it was the day of ’It MaewX (Yimao, 52nd day in a 60-day cycle), and only then did rain fall. |
| 甲子又雨。 | kaep tsiX hjuwH hjuX. | kiaʔ(p) tsɨ˥˧ jiw˨˦ jy˥˧. | Kaep - TsiX - further more - to rain | On the day of Kaep TsiX (Jiazi, first day in a 60-day cycle), it rained again. |
| 民以爲未足。 | mjin yiX hjwe mj+jH tsjowk. | min˩ ji˥˧ ui˩ vi˨˦ tsyuʔ(k). | commoner - to consider (it) - to be as - not yet - to be enough | People did not feel that it was enough. |
| 丁卯大雨。 | teng maewX dajH hjuX. | tiŋ maw˥˧ dai˨˦ jy˥˧. | Teng - MaewX - to be big - to rain | On the day of Teng MaewX (Dingmao, 4th day in a 60-day cycle), rain fell heavily |
| 三日乃止。 | sam nyit nojX tsyiX. | sam ʒiʔ(t)˩ nai˥˧ tʃiɨ˥˧. | three - day - only then - to stop | and did not stop until three days had passed. |
| 官吏相與慶於庭。 | kwan liH sjang yoX khjaengH 'jo deng. | kwɔn li˨˦ siɑŋ jy˥˧ kʰiŋ˨˦ ʔy tʱiŋ˩. | officer - government worker - mutually - to join - to celebrate - at - court | The officers joined each other celebrating in the court, |
| 商賈相與歌於市。 | syang kuX sjang yoX ka 'jo dzyiX. | ʃiɑŋ ku˥˧ siɑŋ jy˥˧ kɔ ʔy ʃʱiɨ'˨˦. | merchants - - mutually - to join - to sing - at - market | the merchants with each other singing in the market |
| 農夫相與忭於野。 | nowng pju sjang yoX bjenH 'jo yaeX. | nuŋ˩ fu siɑŋ jy˥˧ biɛn˨˦ ʔy jiɛ˥˧. | farming - man - mutually - to join - to rejoice - at - field | and the farmers with each other rejoicing in the fields |
| 憂者以喜。 | ’juw tsyaeX yiX xiX. | ʔiw tʃiɛ˥˧ ji˥˧ hi˥˧. | worrying - one(s) - by (it) - to be joyful | The worriers were rejoiced for it. |
| 病者以愈。 | bjaengH tsyaeX yiX yuX. | biŋ˨˦ tʃiɛ˥˧ ji˥˧ jy˥˧. | illness - one(s) - by (it) - to heal | and the sick healed by it. |
| 而吾亭適成。 | nyi ngu deng syek dzyeng. | ɻ˩ ŋu˩ tʱiŋ˩ ʃiʔ(k) tʃʱiŋ˩. | and - my - kiosk - right then - to accomplish | My kiosk happened to finish building at the same time, |
| 於是舉酒於亭上。 | ’jo dzyeX kjoX tsjuwX 'jo deng dzyangH. | ʔy ʃʱiɨ'˨˦ ky˥˧ tsiw˥˧ ʔy tʱiŋ˩ ʃʱiɑŋ˨˦. | at - such - to raise - alcohol - at - kiosk - upside | thus I raised my cup standing at the kiosk |
| 以屬客而告之。 | yiX tsyowk khaek nyi kawH tsyi. | ji˥˧ tʃyuʔ(k) kʰəʔ(k) ɻ˩ kaw˨˦ tʃiɨ. | so as to - to address - guest(s) - and - to tell - then | addressing the guests |
| 曰 | hjwot | jyuɛʔ(t)˩ | to say | saying |
| 「五日不雨。 | “nguX nyit pjuw hjuX. | “ŋu˥˧ ʒiʔ(t)˩ puʔ(t) jy˥˧. | five - day - do not - to rain | "Were there five days without rain, |
| 可乎」 | khaX hu” | kʰɔ˥˧ ɦu˩” | acceptable - (interrogative marker) | would it be fine?". |
| 曰 | hjwot | jyuɛʔ(t)˩ | to say | They answered |
| 「五日不雨。 | “nguX nyit pjuw hjuX. | “ŋu˥˧ ʒiʔ(t)˩ puʔ(t) jy˥˧. | five - day - do not - to rain | "Were there five days without rain, |
| 則無麥」 | tsok mju meak” | tsəʔ(k) vu˩ məʔ(k)˩” | in that case then - none - wheat | there would be no wheat." |
| 「十日不雨。 | “dzyip nyit pjuw hjuX. | “ʃʱiʔ(p)˩ ʒiʔ(t)˩ puʔ(t) jy˥˧. | ten - day - do not - to rain | "Were there ten days without rain, |
| 可乎」 | khaX hu” | kʰɔ˥˧ ɦu˩” | acceptable - (interrogative marker) | would it be fine?". |
| 曰 | hjwot | jyuɛʔ(t)˩ | to say | They answered |
| 「十日不雨。 | “dzyip nyit pjuw hjuX. | “ʃʱiʔ(p)˩ ʒiʔ(t)˩ puʔ(t) jy˥˧. | ten - day - do not - to rain | "Were there ten days without rain, |
| 則無禾」 | tsok mju hwa” | tsəʔ(k) vu˩ ɦwɔ˩” | in that case then - none - rice plant | there would be no rice." |
| 無麥無禾。 | mju meak mju hwa. | vu˩ məʔ(k)˩ vu˩ ɦwɔ˩. | none - wheat - none - rice plant | Without wheat or rice |
| 歲且薦饑。 | sjwejH tshjaeX tsenH kj+j. | sui˨˦ tsʰiɛ˥˧ tsiɛn˨˦ ki. | year - will - to send forth - unripe grain | but only unripe grains yield by the year, |
| 獄訟繁興。 | ngjowk zjowngH bjon xing. | (ŋ)yuʔ(k)˩ sʱyuŋ˨˦ fʱan˩ hiŋ. | crime - prosecution - to flourish - to be active | there will be frequent conflicts brought to the court |
| 而盜賊滋熾。 | nyi dawH dzok tsi tsyhiH. | ɻ˩ daw˨˦ dzəʔ(k)˩ tsɨ tʃʰiɨ˨˦. | and - thieves - - to start to grow - to burn hot | and crimes will thrive. |
| 則吾與二三子雖欲優游以樂於此亭。 | tsok ngu yoX nyijH sam tsiX swij yowk 'juw yuw yiX lak 'jo tshjeX deng. | tsəʔ(k) ŋu˩ jy˥˧ ɻ˨˦ sam tsɨ˥˧ sui jyuʔ(k)˩ ʔiw jiw˩ ji˥˧ lɒʔ(k)˩ ʔy tsʰɨ˥˧ tʱiŋ˩. | in that case then - I - with - two - three - sir - even though / even if - to want - to relax - - so as to - to enjoy oneself - at - this - kiosk | In that case, even if you, my sirs, and I would like to enjoy leisure in this kiosk, |
| 其可得邪。 | gi khaX tok yae. | kʱi˩ kʰɔ˥˧ təʔ(k) jiɛ˩. | (subjunctive marker) - to be possible - to get - (interrogative marker) | could we possibly attain it? |
| 今天不遺斯民。 | kim then pjuw ywij sje mjin. | kim tʰiɛn puʔ(t) j(u)i˩ sɨ min˩. | now - heaven - do not - to leave behind - this - commoner(s) | Yet now Heaven has not abandoned this people |
| 始旱而賜之以雨。 | syiX hanX nyi sjeH tsyi yiX hjuX. | ʃiɨ˥˧ ɦɑn'˨˦ ɻ˩ sɨ˨˦ tʃiɨ ji˥˧ jy˥˧. | in the beginning - draught - and/but - to grant - them - with - rain | and granted them rain despite the draught in the beginning, |
| 使吾與二三子。 | sriX ngu yoX nyijH sam tsiX. | ʂɨ˥˧ ŋu˩ jy˥˧ ɻ˨˦ sam tsɨ˥˧. | to let - me - with - two - three - sir | making it for us |
| 得相與優游而樂於此亭者。 | tok sjang yoX 'juw yuw nyi lak 'jo tshjeX deng tsyaeX. | təʔ(k) siɑŋ jy˥˧ ʔiw jiw˩ ɻ˩ lɒʔ(k)˩ ʔy tsʰɨ˥˧ tʱiŋ˩ tʃiɛ˥˧. | to get to - mutually - to join - to relax - - and - to enjoy oneself - at - this - kiosk - (topic marker) | possible to rejoice with leisure in this kiosk. |
| 皆雨之賜也。 | keaj hjuX tsyi sjeH yaeX. | kiai jy˥˧ tʃiɨ sɨ˨˦ jiɛ˥˧. | in all - rain - (genitive marker) - granting - (comment marker) | All of such is the benefaction of the rain; |
| 其又可忘邪。 | gi hjuwH khaX mjang yae. | kʱi˩ jiw˨˦ kʰɔ˥˧ vɑŋ˩ jiɛ˩. | it - further more - to be allowed - to forget - (interrogative marker) | Could we, after all these, forget it? |
| 既以名亭。 | kj+jH yiX mjieng deng. | ki˨˦ ji˥˧ miŋ˩ tʱiŋ˩. | To have done - by (it) - to name - kiosk | After naming the kiosk after the rain, |
| 又從而歌之。 | hjuwH dzjowng nyi ka tsyi. | jiw˨˦ tsʱyuŋ˩ ɻ˩ kɔ tʃiɨ. | further more - to follow - and - to sing - it | we proceeded to sing about it, |
| 曰 | hjwot | jyuɛʔ(t)˩ | to say | saying |
| 「使天而雨珠。 | “sriX then nyi hjuH tsyu. | “ʂɨ˥˧ tʰiɛn ɻ˩ jy˨˦ tʃy. | to let - heaven - and/but - to precipitate - pearl | "Shall pearls fall from heaven, |
| 寒者不得以爲襦。 | han tsyaeX pjuw tok yiX hjwe nyu. | ɦɑn˩ tʃiɛ˥˧ puʔ(t) təʔ(k) ji˥˧ ui˩ ʒy˩. | coldness - one(s) - do not - to get to - by (it) - to make - short coat | they will not provide those in cold to weave. |
| 使天而雨玉。 | sriX then nyi hjuH ngjowk. | ʂɨ˥˧ tʰiɛn ɻ˩ jy˨˦ (ŋ)yuʔ(k)˩. | to let - heaven - and/but - to precipitate - jade | Shall jade fall from heaven, |
| 飢者不得以爲粟。 | kij tsyaeX pjuw tok yiX hjwe sjowk. | ki tʃiɛ˥˧ puʔ(t) təʔ(k) ji˥˧ ui˩ syuʔ(k). | hunger - one(s) - do not - to get to - by (it) - to make - millet | they will not provide those of hunger to cook. |
| 一雨三日。 | ’jit hjuX sam nyit. | ʔiʔ(t) jy˥˧ sam ʒiʔ(t). | one - rain - three - day | For a rainfall to last for three days, |
| 伊誰之力。 | ’jij dzywij tsyi lik. | ʔi ʂʱui˩ tʃiɨ liʔ(k)˩. | to thank to - who - (genitive marker) - force | to whose work is it to thank? |
| 民曰太守。 | mjin hjwot thajH syuwH. | min˩ jyuɛʔ(t)˩ tʰai˨˦ ʃiw˨˦. | commoner - to say - ThajH - SyuwH | The people say it is ThajH SyuwH (Taishou, a type of officer) |
| 太守不有。 | thajH syuwH pjuw hjuwX. | tʰai˨˦ ʃiw˨˦ puʔ(t) jiw˥˧. | ThajH - SyuwH - do not - to hold possession | ThajH SyuwH does not claim to own it. |
| 歸之天子。 | kjw+j tsyi then tsiX. | kui tʃiɨ tʰiɛn tsɨ˥˧. | To attribute - it - heaven - son | Attributing it to the emperor (lit. Son of Heaven), |
| 天子曰不然。 | then tsiX hjwot pjuw nyen. | tʰiɛn tsɨ˥˧ jyuɛʔ(t)˩ puʔ(t) ʒiɛn˩. | heaven - son - to say - not - so | the emperor says no. |
| 歸之造物。 | kjw+j tsyi dzawX mjut. | kui tʃiɨ dzaw'˨˦ vuʔ(t)˩. | To attribute - it - making - things | Attributing it to the Creator, |
| 造物不自以爲功。 | dzawX mjut pjuw dzijH yiX hjwe kuwng. | dzaw'˨˦ vuʔ(t)˩ puʔ(t) dzɨ˨˦ ji˥˧ ui˩ kuŋ. | making - things - do not - self - to consider (it) - to be as - achievement | the Creator refuses to be the sole hero. |
| 歸之太空。 | kjw+j tsyi thajH khuwng. | kui tʃiɨ tʰai˨˦ kʰuŋ. | To attribute - it - supreme - emptiness | Attributing it to the universe, |
| 太空冥冥。 | thajH khuwng meng meng. | tʰai˨˦ kʰuŋ miŋ˩ miŋ˩. | supreme - emptiness - dark and vast - | the universe is dark and vast |
| 不可得而名。 | pjuw khaX tok nyi mjieng. | puʔ(t) kʰɔ˥˧ təʔ(k) ɻ˩ miŋ˩. | do not - can - to get to - and - to name | with nothing confined by names. |
| 吾以名吾亭」 | ngu yiX mjieng ngu deng” | ŋu˩ ji˥˧ miŋ˩ ŋu˩ tʱiŋ˩” | I - by (it) - to name - my - kiosk | I shall have it for the name of my kiosk." |