# Flora of New York/Rhamnaceae … Urticaceae

| ← Amygdaloideae 2 | Flora of New York — Rosales: Rhamnaceae … Urticaceae | Flora of New York — Rosales: Rhamnaceae … Urticaceae | Flora of New York — Rosales: Rhamnaceae … Urticaceae | Flora of New York — Rosales: Rhamnaceae … Urticaceae | → Cucurbitales |
| ← Amygdaloideae 2 | Table of contents | Genus index | Protected species index | Invasive species index | → Cucurbitales |
The first pair of Rosales families on this page (Rhamnaceae and Elaeagnaceae) contain several small trees and shrubs that are particularly invasive in many parts of New York. These include the autumn olive, Russian olive, common buckthorn, and glossy buckthorn.

## Family Rhamnaceae

* The Rhamnaceae (buckthorn family) in New York contains three species of native shrubs (two New Jersey tea and one buckthorn species). It also contains two highly invasive non-native buckthorns, both of which are prohibited in New York.
* ↑ Rhamnaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.
* ↑ Rhamnaceae P. F. Stevens (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 12, July 2012.

### Subfamily Rhamnoideae
#### Tribe Rhamneae

* Besides the two highly invasive exotic buckthorn species, the Rhamneae tribe contains the native alder-leaved buckthorn.

###### Rhamnus

* Native alder-leaved buckthorn (Rhamnus alnifolia).
* The native alder-leaved buckthorn (Rhamnus alnifolia or Endotropis alnifolia) should not be confused with the invasive exotic "glossy buckthorn" (Frangula alnus), which also goes by the similar common name "alder buckthorn."
* The two non-native buckthorns Rhamnus davurica and Rhamnus utilis have not been reported as naturalized in New York, but they have been reported outside of cultivation in neighboring states.
* ↑ Hauenschild et al. (2016). "Analysis of the cosmopolitan buckthorn genera Frangula and Rhamnus s.l. supports the description of a new genus, Ventia." Taxon, 65(1):65-78(14), International Association for Plant Taxonomy, March 2016.
* ↑ Corrigendum to Hauenschild et al. (2016). "Analysis of the cosmopolitan buckthorn genera Frangula and Rhamnus s.l. supports the description of a new genus, Ventia." Taxon, 65(4):926-927(2).
Rosales — Rhamnaceae — Rhamnoideae — Rhamneae — Rhamnus :
| Genus Rhamnus | Buckthorn | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Rhamnus alnifolia L’Hér.1789. Rhamnus alnifolius L’Hér. 1915. Apetlorhamnus alnifolia Nieuwl. 2016. Ventia alnifolia(L'Hér.) Hauenschild (superfl.) 2016. Endotropis alnifolia(L’Hér.) Hauenschild | Alder-leaved buckthorn, American alder buckthorn, Dwarf alder, Swamp buckthornNerprun à feuilles d'aulne, Nerprun des marécages | Native, CoC: 9, Likely secure OBL Perennial, Shrub, Part shade - shade | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies Note: source |
| Rhamnus cathartica L.1753. Rhamnus catharticus L. | European buckthorn, Common buckthorn, Purging buckthorn, European waythornNerprun cathartique, Nerprun purgatif, Épine noire | Introduced from  Eurasia, n. Africa, Very highly invasive,  NYIS: 80%,  Invasive.org: , CP-2 NE-1, Prohibited, WW | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Rhamnus (excluded taxa) | Buckthorn | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Rhamnus davurica Pall.1776. Rhamnus dauuricus Pall.1866. R. catharticavar. dahurica Maxim. | Dahurian buckthornNerprun de Daourie | Introduced from  Siberia, China, Japan, No specimens, CT, MA, PA, VT, PE | | NYFA: 0 | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Rhamnus utilis Decne.1857. Rhamnus utilis Decne. | Chinese buckthornVert de Chine | Introduced from  Asia, No specimens,  Invasive.org: , CT, MI, OH, IN, IL | | NYFA: 0 | USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Rhamnus cathartica: Very High (80). ↑ Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018) ↑ Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species ||||||

###### Frangula

* Invasive Frangula alnus Glossy buckthornThe only Frangula species reported in the wild in New York is glossy buckthorn (Frangula alnus), which is an Old World species that is considered highly invasive and is prohibited in New York. Frangula alnus is sometimes known as "alder buckthorn" and as noted above, should not be confused with the native Rhamnus alnifolia.
* The seven or so North American Frangula species have not been reported in New York, but Carolina buckthorn and perhaps others may be able to survive cultivation in parts of the state.
Rosales — Rhamnaceae — Rhamnoideae — Rhamneae — Frangula :
| Genus Frangula | Glossy buckthorn | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Frangula alnus Mill.1753. Rhamnus frangula L.1768. Frangula alnus Mill. | Glossy buckthorn, Glossy false buckthorn, Smooth buckthorn, Alder buckthorn | Introduced from  Eurasia, n. Africa, Highly invasive,  NYIS: 73%,  iMapInvasives,  Invasive.org: , CP-2 NE-1, Prohibited, WW | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP CABI Images Wikispecies |
| Frangula caroliniana    Rhamnus caroliniana Walter     Rhamnus caroliniana  var. mollis  Fernald | Carolina buckthorn ⓘ | N. America native  southern US, Not listed FAC Perennial, Tree-shrub | iNat: Suffolk (2021) NYFA: iNat | USDA-N0 Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Frangula alnus: High (73). ↑ Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018) ↑ Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species ||||||

### Subfamily Ziziphoideae
#### Tribe Pomaderreae
##### Ceanothus

* Ceanothus americanusNew Jersey tea (Ceanothus americanus) is a low shrub of forest edges.
Rosales — Rhamnaceae — Ziziphoideae — Pomaderreae — Ceanothus :
| Genus Ceanothus | New Jersey tea | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Ceanothus americanus    Ceanothus intermedius | New Jersey tea, Indian tea, Wild snowball, Redroot, Snowbrush, Soapbloom, Mountainsweet | Native, CoC: 7, Secure, S5-G5 Perennial, Shrub, Part shade — shade | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NNFS CS Go Botany LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Ceanothus herbaceus | Jersey tea, Inland New Jersey tea, Prairie redroot, Grub root | Native, Endangered Perennial, Shrub | | NYFA: 1 | USDA-NN CS Go Botany LBJ Images Wikispecies |

## Family Elaeagnaceae

* The Elaeagnaceae (oleaster family)...
* ↑ Elaeagnaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

### Shepherdia

* Shepherdia canadensisBuffalo berry (genus Shepherdia) contains the New York native Canada buffalo-berry (Shepherdia canadensis) and the occasionally-present silver buffalo-berry (Shepherdia argentea), introduced from western North America.
Rosales — Elaeagnaceae — Shepherdia :
| Genus Shepherdia | Buffalo berry | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NPT |
| Shepherdia canadensis1753. Hippophae canadensis L. 1818. Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. 1890. Lepargyrea canadensis (L.) Greene 1935. Elaeagnus canadensis (L.) A. Nelson | Canada buffalo-berry Canada buffalo berry ⓘ Russet buffaloberry ⓘ Soapberry ⓘ | Native, CoC: 8, Likely secure, S4 UPL Perennial, Shrub | | NYFA: 4 iNat | USDA-NN Go Botany Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.1813. Hippophae argentea Pursh1818. Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.1890. Lepargyrea argentea (Pursh) Greene | Silver buffalo-berry, Silver buffaloberry | Introduced from  w. N. America | | NYFA: X | USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |

### Elaeagnus

* Elaeagnus umbellataAutumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata) commonly naturalizes and becomes invasive through much of New York State, while Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) does so on a much more limited basis.
* Autumn olive has been shown to affect soil microbial communities even when it is present in relatively low densities.
* ↑ Elizabeth Malinich, Nicole Lynn‐Bell, Peter S. Kourtev (2017). "The effect of the invasive Elaeagnus umbellata on soil microbial communities depends on proximity of soils to plants." Ecosphere 8(5):e01827. 10.1002/ecs2.1827
Rosales — Elaeagnaceae — Elaeagnus :
| Genus Elaeagnus Hill | Silver-berry | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.1784. Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. 1784. E. crispa Thunb. 1836. E. parvifolia Wall. ex Royle 1909. E. umbellata  var. parvifolia  C.K.Schneid. | Autumn olive, Autumn elaeagnus, Spreading oleasterOléastre à ombelles, Chalef en ombelles | Introduced from  Asia, Very highly invasive,  NYIS: 94%,  Invasive.org: , CP-2 NE-1 | NYFA: X iNat | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Elaeagnus angustifolia L.1753. Elaeagnus angustifolia L. 1767. E. orientalis L. 1808. E. hortensis M.Bieb. 1857. E. moorcroftii Wall. ex Schltdl. 1887. E. angustifolia  var. orientalis  Kuntze | Russian olive, Russian elaeagnus, Silver-berry, Oleaster, Trebizond-dateOlivier de Bohême | Introduced from  Eurasia, Moderately invasive,  NYIS: 68%,  Invasive.org: , CP-5 NE-1 | NYFA: X iNat | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb.1784. Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb.1859. Elaeagnus longipes A.Gray | Cherry silverberry, Cherry elaeagnus, Cherry oleasterGoumi | Introduced from  temperate Asia,  Invasive.org: | NYFA: Livingston (1969) iNat: none (2021) NYFA: X iNat | USDA-X0 VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Elaeagnus pungens Thunb.1784. Elaeagnus pungens Thunb.1869. Elaeagnus simonii Carrière1949. E. pungensvar. simonii Rehder | Thorny-olive, Thorny elaeagnus, Spiny oleaster | Introduced from  China & Japan, No NY reports,  Invasive.org: | iNat: Suffolk (2020) NYFA: 0 iNat | USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.1814. Elaeagnus argentea Pursh (nom. illeg.)1917. E. commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.1955. E. veteris-castelli Lepage | Silverberry, American silverberry, Wolf-willowChalef argenté, Chalef changeant | Introduced from  western US,  n. central US,  Canada, N. America native, No NY reports | iNat: Monroe (2020) NYFA: 0 iNat | USDA-NN VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Elaeagnus umbellata: Very high (94). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY. ↑ Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018) 1 2 Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Elaeagnus angustifolia: Moderate (68). ↑ Appendix 5. Plant species of concern (Watch List) within the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018) ||||||

## Family Ulmaceae

The Ulmaceae (elm family)...

### Ulmus

Rosales — Ulmaceae — Ulmus :
| Genus Ulmus | Elm | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Ulmus americana L.1753. Ulmus americana L. 1860. U. americana  var. aspera  Chapm. 1860. U. floridana Chapm. 1953. U. americana  var. floridana  Little | American elm, White elmOrme d'Amérique, Orme blanc | Native, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN SNA Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl.1785. U. americana Marshall (i) 1788. U. pubescens Walter 1789. U. americana  var. rubra  (Muhl.) Aiton 1793. U. rubra Muhl. 1796. U. pendula Willd. 1803. U. fulva Michx. 1809. U. crispa Willd. | Slippery elm, Red elmOrme rouge, Orme gras | Native, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN SNA Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Ulmus thomasii Sarg.1831. U. racemosa D.Thomas non Borkh. (1800)1902. U. thomasi(i) Sarg. | Rock elm, Cork elm, Hickory elmOrme liège, Orme de Thomas | Native, Threatened | | NYFA: 2-3 | USDA-NN SNA Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Ulmus pumila | Siberian elm | Introduced from  temperate Asia, Moderately invasive,  NYIS: 53%, CP-5 | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Ulmus glabra Huds. | Wych elm, Scotch elm, Broadleaf elm, Broad-leaved elm, European mountain elmOrme de montagne, Orme montagnard, Orme glabre, Orme blanc, Orme rude | Introduced from  Eurasia, Unk. naturalization | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Ulmus procera Salisb.1753. Ulmus campestris L. p.p. (i) 1796. Ulmus procera Salisb.  auct. Ulmus minor non Mill.  auct. Ulmus carpinifolia non Ruppius ex G.Suckow | English elm, English cork elmGrand orme, Orme rouge, Orme champêtre | Introduced from  Europe,  northern Africa, Not naturalized | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Ulmus (excluded taxa) | Elm | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Ulmus minor Mill.1768. Ulmus minor Mill. | European field elm | Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | Images Wikispecies |
| Ulmus parvifolia Jacq.1798. Ulmus parvifolia Jacq.1914. Ulmus sieboldii Daveau | Lacebark elm, Chinese elm | Introduced from  Asia, Potentially invasive, Excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Ulmus glabra × procera  Ulmus glabra ×   Ulmus procera | Hybrid of  wych elm &  English elm | Introduced from  Eurasian parents, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ Ulmaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Ulmus pumila: Moderate (53). ↑ Appendix 5. Plant species of concern (Watch List) within the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018) ↑ Some authors have combined U. minor Mill. (s.s.) and U. procera under U. minor Mill. (s.l.). ||||||

## Family Cannabaceae

* The Cannabaceae (hemp family)...
* ↑ Cannabaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

### Celtis

* Celtis (hackberry) was formerly included under Ulmaceae (above), but is now more likely to be included under Cannabaceae or in its own family.
Rosales — Cannabaceae — Celtis :
| Genus Celtis | Hackberry | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Celtis occidentalis L.1753. Celtis occidentalis L. 1797. Celtis crassifolia Lam. 1856. C. occidentalis  var. crassifolia  (Lam.) A. Gray 1919. C. occidentalis  var. canina  (Raf.) Sarg. | Northern hackberry, American hackberry, Common hackberry, Beaverwood, NettletreeMicocoulier occidental, Bois inconnu | Native, CoC: 7, Likely secure FACU Perennial, Tree | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Celtis tenuifolia Nutt.1814. Celtis pumila Pursh 1818. C. tenuifolia Nutt. 1856. C. occidentalis  var. pumila  (Pursh) A.Gray 1897. C. georgiana Small 1902. C. pumila  var. georgiana  Sarg. 1902. C. mississippiensis  var. pumila  (Pursh) Mack. & Bush 1919. C. pumila  var. georgiana  Sarg. 1964. C. occidentalis  var. georgiana  H.E.Ahles 1967. C. tenuifolia  var. soperi  B.Boivin 1969. C. occidentalis  f. pumila  (Pursh) F.Seym. 1982. C. occidentalis  ssp. georgiana  A.E.Murray | Dwarf hackberry, Upland hackberry, Georgia hackberryMicocoulier rabougri, Micocoulier de Soper, Micocoulier de Géorgie | Native, CoC: 9, No specimens | | NYFA: NU | USDA-NN VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |

### Humulus

* Humulus lupulus var. lupuloides Northeastern hopsAt least two species of wild hops are present in New York, depending on how they are recognized taxonomically. Of the three varieties of common hops (Humulus lupulus) found in New York, two (var. lupuloides and var pubescens) are considered native and one (var. lupulus) is European. A fourth variety (var. neomexicanus) is also native to North America but has not been reported in the wild in New York. Although similar in appearance, based on molecular and morphological studies, these four varieties can also be treated as separate species (H. lupuloides, H. pubescens, H. neomexicana, and H. lupulus s.s.).
* ↑ Luke R. Tembrock and Jenna M. McAleer (2016). "A Revision of Native North American Humulus (Cannabaceae)." Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 10(1):11-30, Jan. 2016.
* ↑ Humulus lupulus (Common Hops) on Minnesota Wildflowers website. 2006-2017.
Rosales — Cannabaceae — Humulus :
| Genus Humulus | Hops | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Humulus lupulus L. var. lupuloides E.Small1847. Humulus americanus Nutt. 1978. H. lupulus  var. lupuloides  E.Small 1982. H. lupulus  ssp. americanus  (Nutt.) Á.&D.Löve 2016. H. lupuloides (E.Small) Tembrock | Northeastern hops ⓘ American hop Common hop ⓘ Houblon lupuloïde | Native, CoC: 5, Likely secure Perennial, Herb-vine | NYFA: U | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Humulus lupulus L. var. pubescens E.Small1978. H. lupulus  var. pubescens  E.Small 2016. H. pubescens (E.Small) Tembrock | Midwestern hops, Pubescent hop, Common hop | Native, CoC: 10, Rare Perennial, Herb-vine | NYFA: U | USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Humulus lupulus L. var. lupulus1753. Humulus lupulus L. | European hop, Common hopHoublon commun, Houblon grimpant | Introduced from  Eurasia,  Morocco, Naturalized, NE5 Perennial, Herb-vine | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zucc.1790. Antidesma scandens Lour.1846. Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zucc.1935. Humulus scandens (Lour.) Merr.1988. Humulopsis scandens (Lour.) Grudz. | Japanese hops, Japanese hopHoublon japonais | Introduced from  eastern Asia, Highly invasive,  NYIS: 74%, NE4 | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ Category 5 Plants - native invasives - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Humulus japonicus: High (74). ↑ Category 4 Plants - local concern and monitoring - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ||||||

### Cannabis

Rosales — Cannabaceae — Cannabis :
| Genus Cannabis | Hemp | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Cannabis sativa L.1753. Cannabis sativa L.1785. Cannabis indica Lam.1924. Cannabis ruderalis Janisch.1976. C. sativassp. indica E.Small & Cronquist | Hemp, Marijuana, Pot | Introduced from  central Asia | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies |

## Family Moraceae

The Moraceae (mulberry or fig family)...

### Tribe Moreae
#### Morus

* Morus rubra red mulberry fruitOf the dozen-or-so species of mulberry trees found worldwide, two have been found in the wild in New York. The red mulberry (Morus rubra) is native to eastern North America, including New York, and the white mulberry (Morus alba, the primary host for silkmoth caterpillars) was introduced from eastern Asia and is known to escape cultivation. M. alba is considered to be invasive in Mid-Atlantic states.
* ↑ Moraceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.
* ↑ Plant Species Reported to be Invasive in Natural Areas List. Source: Mid-Atlantic Exotic Pest Plant Council, 2005. Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States (2017).
Rosales — Moraceae — Moreae — Morus :
| Genus Morus | Mulberry | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Morus rubra L.1753. Morus rubra L.1873. Morus rubravar. tomentosa1873. Morus rubravar. rubra | Red mulberry, American mulberryMûrier rouge | Native, CoC: 8, Secure FACU Perennial, Tree | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Morus alba L.1753. Morus alba L.1753. Morus tatarica L.1855. Morus albavar. tatarica | White mulberry, Russian mulberry, Silkworm mulberryMûrier blanc | Introduced from  China, Moderately invasive,  NYIS: 69% | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Morus (excluded taxa) | Mulberry | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Morus nigra L.1753. Morus nigra L. | Black Mulberry | Introduced from  Asia, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN FoC Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Morus alba: Moderate (69). ||||||

#### Broussonetia

Rosales — Moraceae — Moreae — Broussonetia :
| Genus Broussonetia | Paper mulberry | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent.1753. Morus papyrifera L.1799. B. papyrifera (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent.1891. Papyrius papyriferus (L.) Kuntze | Paper mulberry, Tapa-cloth-treeMûrier à papier | Introduced from  Asia (temp & trop), Highly invasive,  NYIS Tier: 3,  Invasive.org: , Naturalized Perennial, Tree | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |

#### Fatoua

Rosales — Moraceae — Moreae — Fatoua :
| Genus Fatoua | Crabweed | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Fatoua villosa (Thunb.) Nakai1784. Urtica japonica Thunb. non L.f. 1782 1784. Urtica villosa Thunb. 1856. Fatoua japonica (Thunb.) Blume nom. illeg. 1927. Fatoua villosa (Thunb.) Nakai | Mulberry-weed, Hairy crabweed | Introduced from  Japan & Taiwan, Potentially invasive,  Invasive.org: , Naturalized FAC Annual, Herb-forb | | NYFA: Xn | USDA-XX ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

### Tribe Maclureae
#### Maclura

* Maclura pomiferaMaclura pomifera (osage-orange) is a shrub or small tree that has been widely cultivated throughout the continental U.S., but it is considered to be native only to southwestern Arkansas, southeastern Oklahoma, and Texas. It has been cultivated in New York, but only occasionally naturalizes.
Rosales — Moraceae — Maclureae — Maclura :
| Genus Maclura | Maclura | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Maclura pomifera (Raf.) C.K.Schneid.1817. Ioxylon pomiferum Raf.1817. Toxylon pomiferum Raf.1828. Toxylon aurantiacum (Nutt.) Raf.1906. Maclura pomifera (Raf.) C.K.Schneid. | Osage-orange, Hedge-apple, Bow-wood, BodoarkBois d'arc | Introduced from  TX, OK, AR, N. America native, Naturalized Perennial, Shrub, tree | | NYFA: X | USDA-NX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |

### Tribe Ficeae
#### Ficus

Rosales — Moraceae — Ficeae — Ficus :
| Genus Ficus | Fig | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Ficus carica L.1753. Ficus carica L. | Common fig, Edible fig | Introduced, Impersistent | | NYFA: Xm | USDA-XX Images Wikispecies |

## Family Urticaceae

The Urticaceae (nettle family)...

### Subfamily Urticoideae
#### Tribe Urticeae
##### Laportea

Rosales — Urticaceae — Urticoideae — Urticeae — Laportea :
| Genus Laportea | Wood nettle | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Laportea canadensis (L.) Wedd.1753. Urtica canadensis L.1826. Laportea canadensis (L.) Gaudich.1849. Fleurya canadensis (L.) Benth.1854. Laportea canadensis (L.) Weddell1891. Urticastrum divaricatum (L.) Kuntze | Canada wood nettle, Canada nettle, Wood-nettle, Canadian woodnettleLaportéa du Canada, Ortie des bois, Ortie du Canada | Native, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ Urticaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York. ||||||

##### Urtica

* Urtica gracilis ssp. gracilisMany sources treat Urtica gracilis, the American stinging nettle, as a subspecies of Urtica dioica, which contains the European stinging nettle. Henning et al. (2014) proposed the transfer of the North American U. dioica subtaxa to U. gracilis, the holotype of which was collected on the Hudson Bay.
* U. gracilis differs from U. dioica in that the native plant is monoecious and has a less dense population of stinging hairs than the European species.
* ↑ Tilo Henning, Dietmar Quandt, Bernadette Grosse-Veldmann, Alexander Monro, & Maximilian Weigend (2014) "Weeding the Nettles II: A delimitation of Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae) based on morphological and molecular data, including a rehabilitation of Urtica gracilis Ait." Phytotaxa, 162(2): 61–83. Accessed: 13 Oct. 2018
Rosales — Urticaceae — Urticoideae — Urticeae — Urtica :
| Genus Urtica | Nettle | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Urtica gracilis Aiton ssp. gracilis1789. Urtica gracilis Aiton 1805. Urtica procera Muhl. ex Willd. 1856. Urtica dioica  var. procera  (Muhl. ex Willd.) Wedd. 1875. Urtica lyallii S.Watson 1889. Urtica californica Greene 1912. Urtica viridis Rydb. 1947. Urtica dioica  ssp. gracilis  (Aiton) Selander | American stinging nettle, California nettle, California stinging nettle, California nettle, Slender stalked nettle | Native, CoC: 2, Secure | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Urtica dioica L. ssp. dioica1753. Urtica dioica L.1869. Urtica dioicavar. vulgaris | European stinging nettleOrtie dioïque, Grande ortie | Introduced, Highly invasive, NYS Tier 5, Naturalized, SNA, G5-T5? FAC-FACU Perennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Urtica urens L. | Burning nettle, Dog nettle | Introduced | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Urtica chamaedryoides Pursh | Weak nettle, Red nettle, Heart-leaved nettle | Introduced, US South native | NYFA: X | USDA-N0 Go Botany-0 Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ Urtica dioica Ecological Invasiveness Rank: High, State Tier 5. New York State Invasive Species Tiers. 2021 New York Natural Heritage Program. ||||||

#### Tribe Lecantheae
###### Pilea

Rosales — Urticaceae — Urticoideae — Lecantheae — Pilea :
| Genus Pilea | Clearweed | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Pilea pumila (L.) A. Grayvar. pumila1753. Urtica pumila L.1848. Pilea pumila (L.) A. Gray | Green-fruited clearweed, Canadian clearweed, Coolwort, RichweedPiléa nain, Pilée naine, Ortie naine, Petite ortie | Native, CoC: 2, Secure | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Pilea fontana (Lunell) Rydb.1843. Adicea pumila Raf.1913. Adicea fontana Lunell1913. Adicea opaca Lunell1931. Pilea fontana (Lunell) Rydb.1931. Pilea opaca (Lunell) Rydb. | Black-fruited clearweed, Lesser clearweed, Spring clearweed, Springs clearweedPiléa des fontaines | Native, CoC: 6, Secure | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Pilea fontana × pumila  Pilea fontana ×   Pilea pumila | Hybrid clearweed | Native, N.Y. excluded | NYFA-Excluded | Images Wikispecies |

#### Tribe Boehmerieae
##### Boehmeria

* Boehmeria cylindrica false nettleNative false nettle is common in wet shady locations
Rosales — Urticaceae — Urticoideae — Boehmerieae — Boehmeria :
| Genus Boehmeria | False nettle | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw.1753. Urtica cylindrica L.1788. Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw.1805. Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Willd. | False nettle Smallspike false nettle Bog hemp Boehméria cylindrique, Fausse ortie cylindrique, Ortie de savanne | Native, CoC: 7, Secure FACW-OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

#### Tribe Parietarieae
##### Parietaria

Rosales — Urticaceae — Urticoideae — Parietarieae :
| Genus Parietaria | Pellitory | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Parietaria pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd.1806. P. pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd.1857. P. debilisvar. pensylvanica1903. P. obtusa Rydb. ex Small1912. P. occidentalis Rydb.1941. Freirea pensylvanica (Muhl. ex Willd.) Jarm.1950. P. pensylvanicavar. obtusa | Pennsylvania pellitory, Pennsylvania cucumber plant | Native, CoC: 2, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Parietaria judaica L.    Parietaria judaica L.    Parietaria diffusa | Spreading pellitory | Introduced from  s. Europe,  n. Africa, Impersistent | | NYFA: X | USDA-X0 Go Botany FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |