OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bartending/Cocktails/Liquidex

Liquidex (Cocktail) ingredients:
3 (Three) Lemons 1 (One) Cup of Sprite ½ (Half) Cup of tropical or citrus juice Dash of nutmeg and cinnamon 1 (One) Tablespoon of Condensed Milk 8 (Eight) Cubes of Ice Portion of Vodka / Tequila / White Rum
You'll be seeing stars!
# Bartending/Cocktails/Martini

The Martini, more so than any other drink, embodies the class and style of the cocktail in the popular imagination.

## Ingredients

* 3 oz. (5.5 cl) Gin
* 1/2 oz. (1.5 cl) Dry (white/blanc) vermouth (preferably Noilly Prat or Dolin, alternately Martini & Rossi) with ice and water

## Garnishes

Either:
* Cocktail olive, queen size at minimum. Or olive juice could be added to make it a 'dirty martini'; or,
* A twist of lemon peel (including the pith);

## Glass

* Cocktail Glass

## Instructions

* Fill a martini glass with ice and water, set aside.
* Fill the glass half of a two-piece cocktail shaker to the top with ice, add 1 oz. dry vermouth.
* Fill the shaker again with ice, add 2 oz. gin, stir gently.
* Discard ice and water in the martini glass.
* Strain martini into glass.
* Garnish with one olive (two makes it a Franklin).

## Variations

* Adjust the gin/vermouth ratio for a drier martini. The trend in the latter part of the 20th century was to go "ultra-dry" by limiting the amount of vermouth to smaller and smaller quantities. However, this limits the drink to being essentially a cocktail glass of cold gin. The additional herbal and tempering qualities of vermouth are necessary for the proper flavor profile. A 6:1 gin to vermouth ratio is considered "ideal" though your taste may vary.
* Replacing the green olive with a pickled cocktail onion turns the Martini into a Gibson Cocktail.
* More extreme variants introduce triple sec and/or bitters, but the "classic" recipe stands as merely gin and vermouth.
* If you want to be James Bond, the classic Fleming recipe involves an ounce and a half of vodka, an identical portion of gin, and a half-ounce of Lillet Blanc, shaken over ice and served with a twist of lemon.
* Stuffed olives go well with a martini. The "Spanish" olive, green stuffed with pimento, is the default. However, those olives stuffed with a garlic clove or bleu cheese are popular as well.
* Adding a splash of the olive brine to the drink makes it a "Dirty Martini." Some prefer the additional element of saltiness that this adds.
* A Churchill martini involves shaking 6 parts of gin, straining into a cocktail glass, looking at the bottle of vermouth, and serving with an olive garnish.

## Related Cocktails

* The Martini is a member of a family of cocktails sometimes referred to as the French-Italian cocktails. Other examples are the Manhattan, Rob Roy, and Harvard Cocktail.

## External Links

* Drink Recipes
* http://www.smallscreennetwork.com/video/20/martini/*

## Notes

* The best gins for a Martini are those with the most complex botanicals -- Bombay Dry, Boodles, Junipero, for example.
# Bartending/Cocktails/Midori Sour

The Midori Sour is a midori melon liqueur mixed with a certain sour mix (occasionally contains 2 parts water, 3 parts sugar).

## Regular recipe

Ingredients:
* 1 oz Midori melon liqueur.
* 2 oz Sweet and sour.
Preparation:
Shake with ice and strain. Garnish with a slice of orange. Ice is optional.

## Frozen recipe

Ingredients:
* 2 oz Midori melon liqueur.
* 6 - 8 oz Sour mix.
* 1/2 tsp Sugar.
* Ice.
Preparation:
Mix all ingredients in a blender with enough ice to freeze. Serve in a tall glass with a lime twist garnish.

## References

* ↑ http://www.webtender.com/db/drink/1646
* ↑ http://www.webtender.com/db/drink/5438
# Bartending/Cocktails/Melon Bomb

The Melon Bomb is a clear tropical flavored drink that tastes good. It is a good use for flavored liquor. It is suitable for anyone wanting a classy looking and tasty cocktail. The bomb comes from the shot glass dropping into another glass such as an Irish Car Bomb or a Jäger Bomb or a Boilermaker. This is a much more pleasant bomb drink as it does not need to be chugged to prevent curdling and has a pleasant taste. The dropped shot means the rum does not mix very much and is the last element of the drink tasted, giving it a unique aftertaste. It is a fun drink to watch being made, and its clear appearance from the white rum and clear flavored vodka means its appearance matches that of much stronger and more acquired taste drinks such as martinis.

### Ingredients

* 1 1/2 oz. Green Apple Vodka (Smirnoff)
* 1 1/2 oz. Watermelon Rum (Bacardi Grand Melon)
* 7-Up

### Garnishes

* 1 maraschino cherry
* optional:
** sugar for rimming the glass
** lime or lemon wedge for the rim

## Glass

* Collins glass (aka longdrink)
* shot glass

## Procedure

* Rim Collins glass with sugar(optional).
* Build (or shake if using warm ingredients) Vodka and 7-Up in a Chilled Collins (longdrink) glass about half full.
* Pour Rum in a shot glass.
* Drop the shot glass into the Collins Glass. To prevent spilling cup one hand over the glass as the other hand drops the shot glass. A [barmat] is a nice tool for this stage.
* Drop the cherry into the glass so it falls into the shot glass (it thus displaces some of the rum and begins slightly mixing the cocktail).
* Fill the Collins glass the rest of the way with ice and/or 7-Up.
* (optional place wedge of lemon or lime on the rim of the collins glass)

## Variations

* Replacing the watermelon rum with melon liquor such as midori adds a bright green color to the drink
* Adding a small layer of cherry juice to the bottom of the shot glass adds a little color to the drink
* Adding a second shot of regular vodka to make it a "double strength" or "extra strength" Melon Bomb

## References

* Bols Academy
* This mixology is from Lounge 307, Schenecetady, NY.
# Bartending/Cocktails/Lights Out
### Lights Out (Cocktail)
#### Ingredients:

1 (One) lemon 1 (One) cup of Coke 1 (One) cup of apple juice Dash of nutmeg 2 (Two) teaspoons of condensed milk 1 (One) teaspoon of vanilla syrup Portions of tequila / rum 6 (Six) - 8 (eight) cubes of ice
# Canadian Criminal Procedure and Practice/Model Examinations/Bail Hearing
## Introduction

Be aware of whether there are any reverse onuses under s. 515(6)(a)to(d).

## Officer

<the summary of the offence will be read into the record or the investigating officer will testify to the circumstances of the offence>

## Surety

* name / spell last name
* age
* martial status
** where partner lives / relationship and support from partner
** children ages / place of residence / occupation
* education
** name of school / level obtained / when obtained
* employment
* residence
** address and location
** whether owned or rented
** who else lives in residence
** how long resided at location
** prior locations (address, location, duration)
* Citizenship / if no, status in Canada, duration of stay in country
* assets
** owns residential or commercial property / equity
** owns or rents vehicle / equity in vehicle
** bank accounts / debts
* ability of offer surety
** amount of disposable money
** value of pledgeable property
* surety's connection to the accused (family, work, acquaintance)
* knowledge of familiarity of the accused
** personal circumstances of accused
** drug or alcohol use by accused
** access to weapons by accused
** relationship between accused and complainant
* aware of seriousness of circumstances
** significant jail consequences if convicted of charge
** accused's prior record / aware of risk of future charges
** outstanding charges
* history of previous attempts to monitor accused
* understand supervision plan in detail
* understanding of responsibilities
* past experience as a surety (generally)
# Canadian Criminal Procedure and Practice/Introduction
## Preface

This text was written as a reference on the procedure for prosecuting the Criminal Code offences. The audience for this text will be mostly criminal law practitioners, police officers, and law students, who need a convenient way to look up principles and case law. Where possible there are links to cited cases on CanLII for ease of reference.

## Organization of the Book

This book is grouped into three main sections. It is meant to cover all aspects of procedure from the point of initial investigation by police, including arrest and search powers, remedies for charter breaches during investigations, through to bail, which completes the first section. The second section reviews the duties of counsel in preparing for trial, most importantly the right to disclosure. The final section, and biggest, covers many areas of law beginning with the form of charges, pleas, and elections. Motions available before and during trial are then covered. The book also covers the law of preliminary inquiries and trial, focusing on each step of a trial as well as special consideration for jury trials. The last portion of the section involves appeals and cases involving the mentally ill.
# Canadian Criminal Procedure and Practice/Mental Illness
## Introduction

An accused who may be suffering from a mental illness may raise several issues. The offender may not be fit to stand trial, may not be criminally responsible (NCR), or may eligible for referral to a mental health court.

## Topics

* Canadian Criminal Procedure and Practice/Mental Illness/Fitness to Stand Trial
* Canadian Criminal Procedure and Practice/Mental Illness/Not Criminally Responsible
# Canadian Criminal Procedure and Practice/Pre-Trial Matters/Case Management
## Organizational Pre-Trials

Under s. 625.1(1) the Court has the power to order that a conference be held between the parties to speed up the trial processs. The section states that:
    Subject to subsection (2), on application by the prosecutor or the accused or on its own motion, the court, or a judge of the court, before which, or the judge, provincial court judge or justice before whom, any proceedings are to be held may order that a conference between the prosecutor and the accused or counsel for the accused, to be presided over by the court, judge, provincial court judge or justice, be held prior to the proceedings to consider the matters that, to promote a fair and expeditious hearing, would be better decided before the start of the proceedings, and other similar matters, and to make arrangements for decisions on those matters.
This is also addressed through section 482.1:
    (1) A court referred to in subsection 482(1) or (2) may make rules for case management, including rules
       (a) for the determination of any matter that would assist the court in effective and efficient case management;
Pre-Trial conferences can be helpful for a number of reasons:
* Narrow issues for trial -- parties may be able to agree on certain facts not in dispute at trial
* Learn the opponent's theory and strategy
* Gauge potential sentences -- in certain circumstances possible sentencing proposals can be bounced off the judge to get a sense of the likely outcome in a disputed sentencing hearing.
* Settle the case
# Canadian Criminal Law/Offences/Pointing a Firearm
## Legislation

   Pointing a firearm 87. (1) Every person commits an offence who, without lawful excuse, points a firearm at another person, whether the firearm is loaded or unloaded. ... R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 87; 1995, c. 39, s. 139.
   – CCC

## Proof of Offence

* ♰ identity of accused
* ♰ date and time of incident
* ♰ jurisdiction (incl. region and province)
* ♰ the accused possessed an object
* ♰ the object was a firearm
** ♰ description of the firearm / ballistics test report
* ♰ the accused pointed it at a person
The essential elements to prove are those in bold.

## Interpretation

Section 2 defines "firearm".
This offence does not include imitation firearms.
Careless Use of a Firearm is not an included offence to pointing a firearm.
* ↑ R. v. A.W., 2012 ONCA 778
* ↑ R. v. Copp, 2009 NBCA 16 (CanLII)
# Canadian Criminal Law/Offences/Possession of a Weapon for a Dangerous Purpose
## Legislation

   88. (1) Every person commits an offence who carries or possesses a weapon, an imitation of a weapon, a prohibited device or any ammunition or prohibited ammunition for a purpose dangerous to the public peace or for the purpose of committing an offence.
   – CCC

## Proof of Offence

Including the elements of time and date, jurisdiction, and identity, the crown must prove:
* that the object was in the possession of the accused,
* that the object was a weapon as defined in the Criminal Code, and
* that the purpose for which the respondent had possession was one which was dangerous to the public peace
* that there was a danger to the public peace
* continuity of the object
* the object was filed as an exhibit
* ↑ R. v. Cassidy 1989 CanLII 25 (S.C.C.), (1989), 50 C.C.C. (3d) 193 at 197 (S.C.C.)

## Interpretation

The actus reus of the offence is established through possession.
Much of s. 88 consideration is upon the purpose for which the accused possessed the weapon.
Possessing a weapon in a reckless manner is not sufficient for proof of s.88.
* ↑ R. v. McCullough, 2012 ONCJ 17

### Purpose

Proof of the purpose for possessing the weapon may be established by the manner in which the weapon is used, circumstances and statements surrounding its use and the rational inferences to be drawn from the facts
A person's initial intent in possessing a weapon "does not necessarily remain constant and may change to a dangerous intent even though the initial purpose in taking possession was not a dangerous one."
It has been suggested that the lawful possession of a weapon does not suddenly become unlawful by virtue of the possessor acting out in sudden anger with the weapon.
It is not sufficient to simply establish that "what was done was in fact dangerous to the public peace". There must be an intent for that purpose.
* ↑ R. v. Chalifoux (1974), 14 C.C.C. (2d) 526 (BCCA) at p. 529
* ↑ R. v. Calder, (1984), 11 C.C.C. (3d) 546 (Alta. C.A.) at p. 549
* ↑ R. v. Flack, [1969] 1 C.C.C. 55 (B.C.C.A.)
* ↑ R. v. Kerr 2003 ABCA 92 (CanLII), (2003), 12 C.R. (6th) 308 (Alta. C.A.) at para. 27

### Self-Defence

Self-defence can be a limited defence to this charge. However, self-defence will only apply where the attack is imminent and inescapable.
* ↑ R. v. Sulland, 1982 CanLII 495 (BCCA)
* ↑ R. v. Kerr, [2004] SCJ 39 at para. 25 (the test) and para. 38 ; R. v. Nelson (1972) 8 CCC (2d) 29 (ONCA)

### Kiennapple

Where the evidence is substantially the same for proving the elements of possession for a dangerous purpose and assault with a weapon, convictions on both are precluded.
* ↑ R. v. Briscoe 1992 CanLII 938 (BC CA), (1992), 76 C.C.C. (3d) 563 (B.C.C.A.)
# Canadian Criminal Law/Offences/Possession of Break-in Instruments
## Legislation

   Possession of break-in instrument 351. (1) Every one who, without lawful excuse, the proof of which lies on them, has in their possession any instrument suitable for the purpose of breaking into any place, motor vehicle, vault or safe under circumstances that give rise to a reasonable inference that the instrument has been used or is or was intended to be used for such a purpose,
       (a) is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years; or
       (b) is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction.
   ... R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 351; R.S., 1985, c. 27 (1st Supp.), s. 48; 2008, c. 18, s. 9.
   Possession of instruments for breaking into coin-operated or currency exchange devices 352. Every one who, without lawful excuse, the proof of which lies on him, has in his possession any instrument suitable for breaking into a coin-operated device or a currency exchange device, under circumstances that give rise to a reasonable inference that the instrument has been used or is or was intended to be used for breaking into a coin-operated device or a currency exchange device, is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years.
   R.S., c. C-34, s. 310; 1972, c. 13, s. 26; 1974-75-76, c. 93, s. 28.
   – CCC

## Proof of the Offence

In addition to the essential elements of time, location, and identity, the crown must prove that:
* the accused possessed instruments
* the instruments were suitable for the purpose of breaking into a location
* there was some nexus between the tools' purpose and a location that was targeted by the accused

## Interpretation

A knife, even a broken one, can be found to be a break-in instrument as it can be used to force a gate or drawer lock.
* ↑ R. v. Charron, 2005 BCCA 607 (CanLII)
# Canadian Criminal Law/Offences/Possession of a Weapon Contrary to an Order
## Legislation

   Possession contrary to order 117.01 (1) Subject to subsection (4), every person commits an offence who possesses a firearm, a cross-bow, a prohibited weapon, a restricted weapon, a prohibited device, any ammunition, any prohibited ammunition or an explosive substance while the person is prohibited from doing so by any order made under this Act or any other Act of Parliament.
   ... Punishment
       (3) Every person who commits an offence under subsection (1) or (2)
          (a) is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years; or
          (b) is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction.
   Exception
       (4) Subsection (1) does not apply to a person who possessed a firearm in accordance with an authorization or licence issued to the person as the result of an order made under subsection 113(1).
   1995, c. 39, s. 139.
   – CCC

## Proof of Offence

* the accused was in possession of a weapon
* the accused was subject to a weapons prohibition order at the time of possession
If weapon is a firearm:
* the firearm must meet definition of firearm
* there was no licence or order giving exception to prohibition (see 117.01(4))
# Canadian Criminal Law/Offences/Prison Breach
## Legislation

   Prison breach 144. Every one who
       (a) by force or violence breaks a prison with intent to set at liberty himself or any other person confined therein, or
       (b) with intent to escape forcibly breaks out of, or makes any breach in, a cell or other place within a prison in which he is confined,
   is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years.
   R.S., c. C-34, s. 132; 1976-77, c. 53, s. 5.
   – CCC

## Proof of the Offence

In addition to the essential elements of time, location, and identity, the Crown should prove:
section 144(a)
* the accused breaks a prison
* the accused used force or violence
* the specifically intended to set himself or another person free from prison
section 144(b)
* the accused is confined in a cell or another place in prison
* the accused uses force to break out of or make breaches in that place of confinement
# Canadian Criminal Law/Offences/Overcoming Resistance
## Legislation

   Overcoming resistance to commission of offence 246. Every one who, with intent to enable or assist himself or another person to commit an indictable offence,
       (a) attempts, by any means, to choke, suffocate or strangle another person, or by any means calculated to choke, suffocate or strangle, attempts to render another person insensible, unconscious or incapable of resistance, or
       (b) administers or causes to be administered to any person, or attempts to administer to any person, or causes or attempts to cause any person to take a stupefying or overpowering drug, matter or thing,
   is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for life.
   R.S., c. C-34, s. 230; 1972, c. 13, s. 70.
   – CCC
# C++ Language/Namespace/SplittingAcrossFiles

A single namespace's location can be split, possibly across multiple files.
Additional information about splitting a namespace across files
# C++ Language/Objects

An individual data member of an object is accessed by oObject.m_iMember. The dereference and member-access operators can be combined into poObject->m_iMember.
* Accessibility
* Unwanted Compiler-Generated Functions
* Constructors
* Destructors
* Const Members
* Static Members
* Inheritance
* Operator Overloading
* Nested Classes
* Pointer to Members
* Low-Level C Structures
# C++ Language/Objects/ConstMembers

Both data members and member functions could be marked by the const keyword, but the implications of that depend on which kind of member it is.
* Const Data Members
* Const Member Functions
# C++ Language/Objects/Constructors/InitializationByOneParameterConstructor

A one-parameter-constructor is essentially converting the type of some data (from that parameter's type, into this class type). To prevent client code from unintentionally doing this type-conversion when that client uses implicit-initialization syntax, mark this constructor definition with the explicit keyword.
Additional information about a one-parameter-constructor (includes interactive examples)
# C++ Language/Objects/ConstMembers/ConstMemberFunctions

A member function automatically has access to a this pointer variable whose type is CRType* and which is automatically pointing at the CRType object being manipulated by this member function. But you could have defined the member function as void CRType::DoAction const {body}, in which case the type of this becomes const CRType* (that function's body can view data members but not alter them).
This restriction can be ignored for individual data members (on a case-by-case basis) but marking the data member with mutable.
Additional information about const member functions
# C++ Language/Objects/Constructors

A "constructor" is a special member function, which a class uses to initialize its data members as part of instantiating an object from that class.
* Ordering
* Initialization by Copy-Constructor
* Initialization by One-Parameter-Constructor
* Keeping Default Constructor
* Delegation within Class
* Memory Full
* Placement New
# C++ Language/Objects/Constructors/DelegationWithinClass

With a modern compiler, a constructor could now delegate its implementation to some other constructor of the same class.
Additional information about delegation of the constructor (includes interactive examples)
# C++ Language/Objects/Constructors/InitializationByCopyConstructor

"Implicit initialization" (CRType oImp = oCopied;) and "explicit initialization" (CRType oExp(oCopied);) are equivalent in the sense that they both invoke CRType's "copy-constructor". The copy-constructor's signature is CRType::CRType(const CRType& aroCopied). This same copy-constructor will also be called whenever an object is passed-by-value into some function.
Additional information about copy-constructors (includes interactive examples)
# C++ Language/Objects/Accessibility

In the class definition, you can precede a group of members by private: to disallow usage of that member from anywhere outside of that class' own member functions. Or, use protected: accessibility to also allow access to member functions of derived classes. The public: accessibility allows access from anywhere.
Additional information about accessibility (includes interactive examples)
# C++ Language/Objects/ConstMembers/ConstDataMembers

For data members that are constants or references, you must initialize them in a constructor's "initializer-list", which is written as CRType(int x) : m_iMember(x) {body}.
Additional information about const data members