# Flora of New York/Juncaceae

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## Family Juncaceae

The rush family (Juncaceae) in New York consists of the rushes (Juncus) and the woodrushes (Luzula).

### Luzula

* The genus Luzula (woodrush). The classification used here for Luzula the one used by the Database of Vascular Plants of Canada (VASCAN), which cites Kirschner et al. (2002) for subgenera and section assignments.
* ↑ Jan Kirschner (2002) "Juncaceae 1: Rostkovia to Luzula." Species Plantarum: Flora of the World. Part 66: 1-237.

#### Luzula subg. Luzula
##### Luzula subg. Luzula sect. Anthelaea

* Luzula luzuloidesLuzula sect. Anthelaea Griseb. (1846) contains about ten species, originating primarily in southwestern Europe, the Alps, and Macaronesia. Of these, only Luzula luzuloides has been reported outside of cultivation in New York.
Poales — Juncaceae — Luzula subg. Luzula sect. Anthelaea :
| Genus Luzula subg. Luzula sect. Anthelaea | Woodrush | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Luzula luzuloides (Lam.) Dandy & Wilmott ssp. luzuloides1776. Juncus nemorosus  Pollich 1787. Juncus luzula  Krock. nom. illeg. 1789. Juncus luzuloides  Lam. 1791. Juncus albidus  Hoffm. 1805. Luzula albida  (Hoffm.) DC. 1849. Luzula nemorosa  E.Mey. 1891. Juncoides nemorosa  (Pollich) Kuntze 1938. Luzula luzuloides  Dandy & Wilmott | Forest woodrush, Oak-forest woodrush, White woodrushLuzule blanche, Luzule des bois, Luzule des bosquets | Introduced from  Europe, Highly invasive,  NYIS Tier: 5,  Invasive.org: , Naturalized Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: X NYFA: 4 counties iNat GBIF 1 county | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP IPN Images Wikispecies |

##### Luzula subg. Luzula sect. Diprophyllatae

* Luzula parvifloraLuzula sect. Diprophyllatae Satake (1938) contains about 12 species worldwide. Only one of those, Luzula parviflora, has been collected in New York. The New York Flora Atlas currently lists this taxon only at the species level, naming ssp. melanocarpa as a synonym. But a number of recent sources, including Kirschner (2002), list fastigiata, melanocarpa and parviflora as acceped subspecies of L. parviflora. Of these, only ssp. melanocarpa has a range that includes New York.
Poales — Juncaceae — Luzula subg. Luzula sect. Diprophyllatae :
| Genus Luzula subg. Luzula sect. Diprophyllatae | Woodrush | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Luzula parviflora (Ehrh.) Desv. ssp. melanocarpa (Michx.) Hämet-Ahti1803. Juncus melanocarpus  Michx. 1808. Luzula melanocarpa  (Michx.) Desv. 1880. Luzula parviflora  var. melanocarpa  Buchenau 1911. Juncoides parviflora  ssp. melanocarpa  Cockerell 1971. Luzula parviflora  ssp. melanocarpa  Hämet-Ahti | Small-flowered rush, Smallflowered woodrush, Black-fruited woodrushLuzule à fruits noirs | Native, CoC: 6, Likely secure Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Luzula subg. Luzula sect. Diprophyllatae (excluded taxa) | Woodrush | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Luzula parviflora (Ehrh.) Desv. ssp. parviflora1791. Juncus parviflorus  Ehrh. p.p. 1808. Luzula parviflora  (Ehrh.) Desv. p.p. 1841. Luzula neglecta  Kunth 1893. Juncoides parviflora  (Ehrh.) Coville 1893. Juncoides parviflorum  (Ehrh.) Coville p.p. 1966. Luzula spadicea  f. parviflora  (Ehrh.) I.Grint | Small-flowered woodrush, Millet woodrushLuzule parviflore | Introduced from  Eurasia, N.Y. excluded Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

##### Luzula subg. Luzula sect. Alpinae

* Luzula spicataLuzula sect. Alpinae Chrtek & Křísa (1974) contains about 20 Arctic and high-mountain species from around the world. Of these, Luzula spicata is found only in North America, including the high-peaks of New York.
Poales — Juncaceae — Luzula subg. Luzula sect. Alpinae :
| Genus Luzula sect. Alpinae | Woodrush | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Luzula spicata (L.) DC.1753. Juncus spicatus  L. 1805. Luzula spicata  (L.) DC. 1823. Luzula spicata  var. compacta  E.Mey 1891. Juncoides spicata  (L.) Kuntze 1906. Luzula compacta  Dalla Torre & Sarnth. 1912. Luzula spicata  var. relaxa  Krylov | Spiked wood-rushLuzule en épi | Native, Endangered | | NYFA: 1 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |

##### Luzula subg. Luzula sect. Luzula

Poales — Juncaceae — Luzula subg. Luzula sect. Luzula :
| Genus Luzula sect. Luzula | Woodrush | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Luzula multiflora (Ehrh.) Lej. ssp. multiflora1790. Juncus campestris  var. multiflorus  Ehrh. 1791. Juncus multiflorus  Ehrh. 1811. Luzula multiflora  (Ehrh.) Lej. | Common woodrush, Many-flowered woodrush, Field woodrush | Native, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Luzula echinata (Small) F.J.Herm.1901. Juncoides echinatum  Small 1913. Luzula campestris  var. echinata  Fernald & Wiegand 1938. Luzula echinata  (Small) F.J.Herm. 1938. Luzula echinata  var. mesochorea  F.J.Herm. 1970. Luzula multiflora  var. echinata  Mohlenbr. | Woodrush, Hedgehog woodrush | Native, Rare | | NYFA: 3 | USDA-N0 Go Botany FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Luzula bulbosa (Alph.Wood) Smyth & L.C.Smyth1868. Luzula campestris  var. bulbosa  Alph.Wood 1901. Juncoides bulbosum  Small 1912. Luzula bulbosa  (Alph.Wood) Smyth & L.C.Smyth 1938. Luzula multiflora  var. bulbosa  F.J.Herm. | Southern woodrush, Bulb woodrush, Bulbous wood-rush | Native, Rare | | NYFA: 3 | USDA-N0 Go Botany ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Luzula pallescens Sw.1812. Juncus pallescens  Wahlenb. illeg. 1814. Luzula pallescens  Sw. 1822. Luzula pallescens  Besser illeg. 1823. Luzula campestris  var. pallescens  Wahlenb. illeg. 1844. Luzula multiflora  var. pallescens  (Sw.) W.D.J.Koch 1990. Luzula pallidula  Kirschner | Pale European woodrush, Eurasian woodrush, Fen woodrush | Introduced from  N Eurasia | | NYFA: 4 iNat | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Luzula sect. Luzula (excluded taxa) | Woodrush | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Luzula multiflora (Ehrh.) Lej. ssp. frigida (Buchenau) V.I.Krecz.1898. Luzula campestris  var. frigida  Buchenau 1918. Luzula frigida  Sam. ex Lindm. 1928. Luzula multiflora  ssp. frigida  V.I.Krecz. 1937. Luzula multiflora  ssp. frigida  Sam. ex Hultén | Common woodrush | N. America native, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Luzula campestris (L.) DC.1805. Luzula campestris  (L.) DC. | Field woodrush | Introduced from  Europe,  northern Africa, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-XX ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ Jan Kirschner (2002) "Juncaceae 1: Rostkovia to Luzula." Species Plantarum: Flora of the World. Part 6. ↑ NYFA lists Luzula pallidula (a syn. of Luzula pallescens) as as native of New York, but other sources don't specifically include North America in its native range. ||||||

#### Luzula subg. Pterodes

Poales — Juncaceae — Luzula subg. Pterodes :
| Genus Luzula subg. Pterodes | Woodrush | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Luzula acuminata Raf. ssp. acuminata1829. Luzula pilosa  var. americana  Schult. & Schult.f. 1840. Luzula acuminata  Raf. 1903. Luzula saltuensis  Fernald 1910. Juncoides saltuensis  A.Heller 1938. Luzula carolinae  var. saltuensis  Fernald 1967. Luzula pilosa  var. saltuensis  B.Boivin | Hairy woodrush, Sharp-pointed woodrushLuzule acuminée | Native, Secure Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Luzula subg. Pterodes (excluded taxa) | Woodrush | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Luzula acuminata Raf. ssp. carolinae (S.Watson) Z.Kaplan1879. Luzula carolinae  S.Watson 1891. Juncoides carolinae  (S.Watson) Kuntze 1944. Luzula acuminata  var. carolinae  (S.Watson) Fernald 1979. Luzula pilosa  var. carolinae  (S.Watson) B.Boivin 2001. Luzula acuminata  ssp. carolinae  (S.Watson) Z.Kaplan | Carolina woodrush, Hairy woodrush | Native, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-N0 Go Botany ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe Images Wikispecies |

### Juncus

The genus Juncus (rush) ...

#### Juncus subg. Juncus

* J. Kirschner et al., "Juncaceae 2: Juncus subg. Juncus," Species Plantarum: Flora of the World Part 7: 1-336 (2002).

##### Juncus subg. Juncus sect. Graminifolii

Poales — Juncaceae — Juncus subg. Juncus sect. Graminifolii :
| Genus Juncus sect. Graminifolii | Rush | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Juncus marginatus Rostk.1801. Juncus marginatus  Rostk. 1866. Juncus marginatus  var. vulgaris  Engelm. 1903. Juncus setosus  (Coville) Small | Grassleaf rush, Grass-leaved rushJonc marginé | Native, Secure Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN Images Wikispecies |
| Juncus biflorus Elliott 1817. Juncus biflorus  Elliott 1824. Juncus marginatus  var. odoratus  Torr. 1860. Juncus marginatus  var. biflorus  Chapm. 1903. Juncus aristulatus  var. biflorus  Small  auct. Juncus aristulatus  non Michx. (1803) | Bog rush, Large grass-leaved rush | Native, Endangered, NYNHP: 1 Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 1 | USDA-N0 Go Botany ITIS Images Wikispecies Note: |
| ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Juncus biflorus. Endangered, S1/G5. ↑ Flora of North America includes J. biflorus under J. marginatus, while Knapp & Naczi (2008), NRCS, ITIS, and NYFA all keep them separate, pending further research. ||||||

##### Juncus subg. Juncus sect. Iridifolii

* Juncus ensifoliusJuncus ensifolius has been considered native along the Delaware River and Endangered in New York State, but is now thought to be an introduced species in eastern North America.
Poales — Juncaceae — Juncus subg. Juncus sect. Iridifolii :
| Genus Juncus sect. Iridifolii | Rush | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Juncus ensifolius Wikstr. var. ensifolius1823. Juncus ensifolius  Wikstr. | Ensiform rush, Swordleaf rush, Sword-leaved rush, Dagger-leaved rushJonc à épées | Introduced from  temperate E Asia,  western N. America, Potentially invasive,  Invasive.org: , Naturalized FACW Perennial, Herb-gaminoid | | NYFA: X1 NYFA: 2 counties iNat | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP CABI Images Wikispecies |

##### Juncus subg. Juncus sect. Juncus

* Juncus maritimusThe only member of the Juncus section collected in New York was Juncus maritimus, a Eurasian species, found within the years 1880 to 1903 in Brooklyn. These have been the only vouchered reports of this species in North America.
Poales — Juncaceae — Juncus subg. Juncus sect. Juncus :
| Genus Juncus sect. Juncus | Rush | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Juncus maritimus Lam.1789. Juncus maritimus  Lam. | Sea rush, Seaside rushJonc maritime | Introduced from  Eurasia,  Macaronesia, Impersistent, Not naturalized Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: X NYFA: Kings county iNat no observations | USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN FNA Images Wikispecies |

##### Juncus subg. Juncus sect. Stygiopsis

* Juncus stygius
Poales — Juncaceae — Juncus subg. Juncus sect. Stygiopsis :
| Genus Juncus sect. Stygiopsis | Rush | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Juncus stygius L. ssp. americanus (Buchenau) Hultén1830. Scirpus stygius (L.) Ferber ex J.Fleisch. p.p. 1890. Juncus stygius  var. americanus  Buchenau 1943. Juncus stygius  ssp. americanus  Hultén | American moor rush, American bog rush, Marsh rushJonc des tourbières, Jonc d’Amérique | Native, No recent reports, Endangered | | NYFA: Z | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |

##### Juncus subg. Juncus sect. Ozophyllum

* Juncus articulatusJuncus sect. Ozophyllum Dumort. (1827), the largest Juncus section, with about 84 species worldwide, is well represented in New York, with about 15 mostly-native species. Four of these are considered endangered in the state. One member, Juncus diffusissimus, is considered to be a native to the south-central United States, and has only recently been discovered on Long Island.
* ↑ J. Kirschner et al. (2002), "Juncaceae 2: Juncus subg. Juncus," Species Plantarum: Flora of the World Part 7: 1-336.
* ↑ Eric E. Lamont & Stephen M. Young (2005). "Juncus diffusissimus, an addition to the flora of New York, with notes on its recent spread in the United States." The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society, 132(4):635-643.
Poales — Juncaceae — Juncus subg. Juncus sect. Ozophyllum :
| Genus Juncus sect. Ozophyllum | Rush | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Juncus acuminatus Michx.1803. Juncus acuminatus  Michx. 1861. Juncus pondii  A.W.Wood 1867. Juncus acuminatus  var. legitimus  Engelm. 1880. Juncus pallescens  E.Mey. non Lam. 1789 | Sharp-fruit rush, Sharp-fruited rush, Tapertip rush, Knotty-leaved rushJonc à tépales acuminés | Native, CoC: 6, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP IPN Images Wikispecies |
| Juncus articulatus L. ssp. articulatus1753. Juncus articulatus  L. 1785. Juncus aquaticus  (L.) All. 1796. Juncus stolonifer  Wohll. 1800. Juncus lampocarpus  Ehrh. ex Hoffm. 1867. Juncus articulatus  var. obtusatus  Engelm. 1924. Juncus articulatus  var. stolonifer  (Wohll.) House | Jointed rush, Jointleaf rushJonc articulé, Jonc à fruits luisants | Native, Secure Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP IPN Images Wikispecies |
| Juncus brachycephalus (Engelm.) Buchenau1867. Juncus canadensis  var. brachycephalus  Engelm. 1890. Juncus brachycephalus  Buchenau | Small-head rush, Short-headed rushJonc à têtes courtes, Jonc à tête courte | Native, Secure Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN Images Wikispecies |
| Juncus brevicaudatus (Engelm.) Fernald1866. Juncus canadensis  var. brevicaudatus  Engelm. 1900. Juncus tweedyi  Rydb. 1904. Juncus brevicaudatus  Fernald | Narrow-panicled rush, Narrow-panicle rush, Short-tailed rushJonc brévicaudé | Native, Secure Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Juncus canadensis J.Gay ex LaHarpe1825. Juncus canadensis  J.Gay ex Laharpe | Canada rush, Canadian rushJonc du Canada | Native, Secure Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN Images Wikispecies |
| Juncus nodosus L.1762. Juncus nodosus  L. 1822. Juncus rostkovii  E.Mey. 1944. Juncus nodosus  var. meridionalis  F.J.Herm. | Knotted rush, Jointed rushJonc noueux | Native, Secure Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Juncus pelocarpus E.Mey.1823. Juncus pelocarpus  E.Mey. 1856. Juncus articulatus  var. pelocarpus  A.Gray 1860. Juncus abortivus  Chapm. 1866. Juncus pelocarpus  var. crassicaudex  Engelm. 1921. Juncus pelocarpus  var. sabulonensis  H.St.John | Brownfruit rush, Brown-fruited rushJonc à fruits bruns | Native, Secure Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Juncus alpinoarticulatus Chaix ssp. americanus (Farw.) Hämet-Ahti1785. Juncus alpinoarticulatus  Chaix (p.p.) 1928. Juncus alpinus  var. americanus  Farw. 1986. Juncus alpinoarticulatus  ssp. americanus  (Farw.) Hämet-Ahti | Alpine rush, Northern green rushJonc alpin, Jonc des Alpes | Native, Likely secure Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe Images Wikispecies Note: |
| Juncus militaris Bigelow (1824) | Bayonet rush, Jointed bog rush | Native, Likely secure Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Juncus torreyi Coville1843. Juncus nodosus  var. megacephalus  Torr. 1862. Juncus megacephalus  Alph.Wood (i) 1895. Juncus torreyi  Coville | Torrey's rush, Torrey rushJonc de Torrey | Native, Likely secure Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 4-5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Juncus subcaudatus (Engelm.) Coville & S.F. Blake | Woods-rush, Woodland rush, Engelmann's rushJonc subcaudé | Native, Endangered, NYNHP: 1 Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 1 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Juncus brachycarpus Engelm. | Short-fruited rush, Whiteroot rush | Native, Endangered, NYNHP: 1 Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 1 | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Juncus debilis A.Gray | Weak rush | Native, Endangered, NYNHP: 1 Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 1 | USDA-N0 Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Juncus scirpoides Lam. var. scirpoides1789. Juncus scirpoides  Lam. | Sedge rush, Needlepod rush, Needle-pod rush, Round-headed rush | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, NYNHP: 1 Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 1 | USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies |
| Juncus scirpoides Lsm. var. compositus R.M.Harper | Lobe-headed rush ⓘ | Native, Historical | NYFA: N | Images Wikispecies |
| Juncus diffusissimus Buckley | Slimpod rush, Slim-podded rush, Slim-fruited rush | Introduced from  southern US,  midwestern US, N. America native Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: X NYFA: Suffolk iNat Richmond? | USDA-N0 Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ J. Kirschner et al. (2002) accept the Juncus alpinoarticulatus subspecies americanus and fuscesens, both of Hämet-Ahti (1986), as present in New York, but most other sources listed here find fault with all subspecific classifications of J. alpinoarticulatus to date. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Juncus subcaudatus. Endangered, S1/G5. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Juncus brachycarpus. Endangered, S1/G4-5. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Juncus debilis. Endangered, S1/G5. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Juncus scirpoides. Endangered, S1/G5. ||||||

#### Juncus subg. Agathryon
##### Juncus subg. Agathryon sect. Juncotypus

Poales — Juncaceae — Juncus subg. Agathryon sect. Juncotypus :
| Genus Juncus sect. Juncotypus | Rush | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Juncus balticus Willd. ssp. littoralis (Engelm.) Snogerup1866. Juncus balticus  var. littoralis  Engelm. 1878. Juncus arcticus  var. balticus  (Willd.) Trautv. misapplied 1931. Juncus litorum Rydb. 1953. Juncus arcticus  ssp. balticus  (Willd.) Hyl. misapplied 1962. Juncus arcticus  ssp. littoralis  Hultén 1979. Juncus arcticus  var. littoralis  B.Boivin 2002. Juncus balticus  ssp. littoralis  Snogerup | Baltic rush, Shoreline rush, Mountain rushJonc des rivages | Native, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Juncus filiformis L.1753. Juncus filiformis  L. | Thread rushJonc filiforme | Native, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP IPN Images Wikispecies |
| Juncus pylaei Laharpe1825. Juncus pylaei  Laharpe 1910. Juncus effusus  var. pylaei  Fernald & Wiegand 1921. Juncus effusus  var. costulatus  Fernald | Common rush, Soft rush | Native, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-N0 VASCAN Images Wikispecies |
| Juncus effusus L. ssp. solutus (Fernald & Wiegand) Hämet-Ahti1910. Juncus effusus  var. solutus  Fernald & Wiegand 1936. Juncus griscomii  Fernald 1980. Juncus effusus  ssp. solutus  Hämet-Ahti | Common rush, Soft rush | Native, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-N0 Go Botany VASCAN NatureServe Images Wikispecies |
| Juncus conglomeratus L.1753. Juncus conglomeratus  L. 1819. Juncus communis  var. conglomeratus  (L.) E.Mey. 1867. Juncus effusus  var. conglomeratus  (L.) Engelm. 1931. Juncus effusus  var. caeruleomontanus  H.St.John  auct. Juncus effusus  var. compactus  non Lej. & Courtois | Compact rush, Bunch-flowered soft rush | Introduced from  Eurasia,  NW Africa | | NYFA: X | USDA-N0 Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Juncus inflexus L.1753. Juncus inflexus  L. 1794. Juncus glaucus  Ehrh. ex Sibth. 1813. Juncus tenax  Poir. 1813. Juncus tenax  var. glaucus  Poir. 1825. Juncus glaucescens  Laharpe | Blue rush, European meadow rushJonc courbé | Introduced from  Africa,  Eurasia | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Juncus sect. Juncotypus (excluded taxa) | Rush | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Juncus effusus L. ssp. effusus1753. Juncus effusus  L. 1819. Juncus communis  E. Mey. 1824. Juncus conglomeratus  var. effusus  (L.) Kostel. | Common rush, Common soft rush | N. America native, N.Y. excluded Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Juncus decipiens (Buchenau) Nakai1890. Juncus effusus  var. decipiens  Buchenau 1928. Juncus decipiens  (Buchenau) Nakai 1946. Juncus effusus  ssp. decipiens  (Buchenau) Weim. | Lamp rush, Corkscrew rush | Introduced from  Asia, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | Tropicos EOL IUCN Red List: Images Wikispecies |
| Juncus arcticus Willd.1799. Juncus arcticus  Willd. 1809. Juncus balticus  Willd. p.p. 1848. Juncus andicola  Hook. | Arctic rushJonc arctique | N. America native, N.Y. excluded OBL-FACW Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-MN VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Juncus balticus ssp. balticus1809. Juncus balticus Willd. 1878. Juncus arcticus  var. balticus  (Willd.) Traut. misapplied 1896. Juncus balticus  var. tenuis  H.Lindb. 1902. Juncus balticus  var. lesueurii  Gelert | Baltic rushJonc de la Baltique | Introduced, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-X0 Kew WCSP FNA Images Wikispecies |

##### Juncus subg. Agathryon sect. Steirochloa

Poales — Juncaceae — Juncus subg. Agathryon sect. Steirochloa :
| Genus Juncus sect. Steirochloa | Rush | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Juncus tenuis Willd.1799. Juncus tenuis  Willd. 1800. Juncus gracilis  Sm. nom. illeg. 1803. Juncus bicornis  Michx. 1821. Juncus macer  Gray 1824. Juncus gesneri  Sm. nom. illeg. 1828. Juncus tenuis  var. bicornis  E.Mey. 1828. Juncus tenuis  var. multicornis  E.Mey. 1835. Juncus tenuis  ssp. bicornis  P.Fourn. 1841. Juncus smithii  Kunth nom. illeg. | Path rush, Slender rush, Poverty rushJonc grêle, Jonc ténu | Native, CoC: 0, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN Images Wikispecies |
| Juncus anthelatus (Wiegand) R.E.Brooks1900. Juncus tenuis  var. anthelatus  Wiegand 1930. Juncus macer  var. anthelatus  Fernald 1938. Juncus macer  f. anthelatus  F.J.Herm. 1938. Juncus macer  f. discretiflorus  F.J.Herm. 1945. Juncus tenuis  f. discretiflorus  Fernald 1999. Juncus anthelatus  (Wiegand) R.E.Brooks | Wiegand's rush, Greater poverty rush, Giant path rushJonc branchu | Native, CoC: 2, Unranked, SNR FACW | | NYFA: U | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Juncus dudleyi Wiegand1900. Juncus dudleyi  Wiegand 1925. Juncus tenuis  var. uniflorus  Farw. 1935. Juncus tenuis  ssp. dudleyi  (Wiegand) P.Fourn. 1944. Juncus tenuis  var. dudleyi  (Wiegand) F.J.Herm. | Dudley's rush | Native, CoC: 2, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Juncus greenei Oakes & Tuck.1843. Juncus greenei Oakes & Tuck. | Greene's rush | Native, CoC: 4, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Juncus gerardi Loisel. var. gerardi1809. Juncus gerardii Loisel. 1809. Juncus gerardi Loisel. | Black-grass rush, Saltmeadow rush, Saltmarsh rush | Native, CoC: 9, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Juncus secundus P.Beauv. ex Poir.1813. Juncus secundus  P.Beauv. ex Poir. 1866. Juncus tenuis  var. secundus  (P.Beauv. ex Poir.) Engelm. | Lopsided rush, Secund rush | Native, CoC: 10, Likely secure | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Juncus dichotomus Elliott1817. Juncus dichotomus  Elliott 1841. Juncus cognatus  Kunth | Forked rush | Native, CoC: 10, Vulnerable, S2, G5 FACW Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: 3? | USDA-N0 Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Juncus ranarius Songeon & E.P. Perrier1859. Juncus ranarius  Songeon & E.P. Perrier 1827. Juncus ambiguus  Guss. misapplied syn. Juncus hybridus 1904. Juncus bufonius  var. halophilus  Buchenau & Fernald 1917. Juncus bufonius  var. ranarius  (Songeon & E.P.Perrier) Farw. 1978. Juncus ambiguus  T.A.Cope & C.A.Stace nom. illeg. | Frog rush, Seasice rush, Seaside rush, Seaside toad rush | Native, Endangered | | NYFA: 1 | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Juncus compressus Jacq. | Flattened rush, Roundfruit rush, Round-fruited rush | Introduced from  Eurasia | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Juncus sect. Steirochloa (excluded taxa) | Rush | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Juncus vaseyi Engelm.1866. Juncus vaseyi Engelmann 1967. Juncus greenei  var. vaseyi  (Engelm.) B. Boivin | Vasey's rush | N. America native, excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-NN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

##### Juncus subg. Agathryon sect. Tenageia

* Juncus bufonius - toad rush, inflorescence
Poales — Juncaceae — Juncus subg. Agathryon sect. Tenageia :
| Genus Juncus sect. Tenageia | Rush | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Juncus bufonius L. | Toad rush | Native, CoC: 1, Secure FACW | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Juncus sect. Tenageia (excluded taxa) | Rush | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Juncus coriaceus Mack.1929. Juncus coriaceus  Mack. | Leathery rush | N. America native, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies |

### Oreojuncus

Poales — Juncaceae — Oreojuncus :
| Genus Oreojuncus | Highland rush | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Oreojuncus trifidus (L.) Zav.Drabk. & Kirschner1753. Juncus trifidus  L. (i) 1762. Juncus monanthos  Jacq. 1825. Juncus trifidus  var. pleianthos  (L.) Bluff & Fingerh. 1901. Juncus alpestris  (L.) Bubani (i) 2013. Oreojuncus trifidus  (L.) Zav.Drabk. & Kirschner | Highland rush | Native, CoC: 10, Threatened FACU Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: 2 | USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Tropicos IPN LBJ Images Wikispecies |