# Flora of New York/Dipsacales

| ← Apiales | Flora of New York — Dipsacales | Flora of New York — Dipsacales | Flora of New York — Dipsacales | Flora of New York — Dipsacales | → Lycophytes |
| ← Apiales | Table of contents | Genus index | Protected species index | Invasive species index | → Lycophytes |

##### Dipsacales introduction

* The order Dipsacales is here organized, down to subfamily, according to the system presented in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website.
* Dipsacales
* Viburnaceae
* Viburneae—Viburnum
* Adoxeae
* Sabmbucus
* Adoxa
* Caprifoliaceae
* Diervilloideae
* Diervilla
* Weigela
* Caprifolioideae
* Lonicera
* Symphoricarpus
* Triosteum
* Linnaeoideae
* Linnaea borealis (twinflower, NY native)
* Kolkwitzia amabilis (beautybush, invasive)
* Abelia
* Dipsacoideae
* Dipsaceae
* Succisella (devil’s bit)
* Dipsacus (teasel)
* Cephalaria (giant scabious)
* Knautia (bluebuttons)
* Scabiosa (pincushions)
* Triplostegieae—Triplostegia (none in NY)
* Valerianoideae
* Valeriana
* Valerianella
* Zabelioideae
* Morinoideae
* ↑ P. F. Stevens, (2001-2015). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, April 2015 - University of Missouri, St Louis, and Missouri Botanical Garden.

##### Dipsacales table of contents

| Order | Family | Subfamily | Tribe | Genus | Common Names | # |
| Dipsacales | Viburnaceae | Viburnoideae | Viburneae | Viburnum | hobblebush, nannyberry, arrowwood, possumhaw, cranberrybush | 19 |
| Dipsacales | Viburnaceae | Adoxoideae | Adoxeae | Sambucus | elderberry | 3 |
| Dipsacales | Viburnaceae | Adoxoideae | Adoxeae | Adoxa | muskroot | 1 |
| Dipsacales | Caprifoliaceae | Diervilloideae | — | Diervilla | northern bush-honeysuckle | 1 |
| Dipsacales | Caprifoliaceae | Diervilloideae | — | Weigela | crimson weigela | 2 |
| Dipsacales | Caprifoliaceae | Caprifolioideae | — | Triosteum | horse-gentian | 3 |
| Dipsacales | Caprifoliaceae | Caprifolioideae | — | Lonicera | honeysuckle | 20 |
| Dipsacales | Caprifoliaceae | Caprifolioideae | — | Symphoricarpos | snowberry | 4 |
| Dipsacales | Caprifoliaceae | Linnaeoideae | — | Linnaea | twinflower | 1 |
| Dipsacales | Caprifoliaceae | Linnaeoideae | — | Kolkwitzia | beautybush | 2 |
| Dipsacales | Caprifoliaceae | Dipsacoideae | Dipsaceae | Succisella | frosted pearls | 1 |
| Dipsacales | Caprifoliaceae | Dipsacoideae | Dipsaceae | Dipsacus | teasel | 3 |
| Dipsacales | Caprifoliaceae | Dipsacoideae | Dipsaceae | Knautia | scabious, blue-buttons | 1 |
| Dipsacales | Caprifoliaceae | Dipsacoideae | Dipsaceae | Scabiosa | scabious, pincushions | 1 |
| Dipsacales | Caprifoliaceae | Valerianoideae | — | Valeriana | valerian | 3 |
| Dipsacales | Caprifoliaceae | Valerianoideae | — | Valerianella | corn salad | 3 |

## Family Viburnaceae

* The viburnum family (Viburnaceae Raf., nom. cons. or Adoxaceae E. Mey., nom. cons.) in New York contains about 14 species of Viburnum, three species of Sambucus (elderberries), and the endangered Adoxa moschatellina (muskroot). These species were previously included in the Caprifoliaceae (Honeysuckle Family), and have the characteristic opposite-leaf pattern of that family.
* Recent sources, including the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website, treat the Adoxaceae as Viburnaceae Raf., nom. cons.
* ↑ Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, July 2017 (and more or less continuously updated since).
* ↑ Viburnaceae Raf. at Plants of the World Online (POWO) 18 March 2021

### Tribe Viburneae
#### Viburnum
##### Viburnum phylogeny

* The four major clades of Viburnum, proposed by Donoghue, Winkworth and Clement, are all represented in New York by about 14 species (17 taxa) of woody plants.
* Viburnum
* Pseudotinus
* V. lantanoides (hobblebush)
* Valvatotinus
* Lentago
* V. lentago (nannyberry)
* V. nudum (wild raisin)
* V. prunifolium (blackhaw)
* Euviburnum
* V. lantana (wayfaring tree)
* Crenotinus
* Lutescentia
* V. plicatum (Japanese snowball)
* Solenotinus
* V. sieboldii (Siebold’s arrowwood)
* Tinus
* Eurasian (none in NY)
* Porphyrotinus
* Molotinus
* V. rafinesquianum (downy arrowwood)
* Dentata
* V. dentatum var. lucidum (smooth arrowwood)
* V. dentatum var. venosum (southern arrowwood)
* Oreinotinus
* South & Central American (none in NY)
* Opulus
* V. opulus var. americanum (highbush cranberry)
* V. opulus var. opulus (Guelder rose)
* V. edule (squashberry)
* Laminotinus
* Lobata
* V. acerifolium (maple-leaved viburnum)
* Succotinus
* V. dilatatum (linden arrowwood)
* V. setigerum (tea viburnum)
* ↑ R.C. Winkworth & M.J. Donoghue (2005). "Viburnum phylogeny based on combined molecular data: implications for taxonomy and biogeography." American journal of botany, 92(4), 653–666. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.92.4.653
* ↑ Wendy L Clement and Michael J Donoghue (2012). "Barcoding success as a function of phylogenetic relatedness in Viburnum, a clade of woody angiosperms," BMC Evolutionary Biology 12:73
* ↑ Wendy L Clement, Mónica Arakaki, Patrick W. Sweeney, Erika J. Edwards, Michael J. Donoghue (2014). "A chloroplast tree for Viburnum (Adoxaceae) and its implications for phylogenetic classification and character evolution." American Journal of Botany 101(6): 1029–1049
* ↑ Michael J. Landis, Deren A. R. Eaton, Wendy L. Clement, Brian Park, Elizabeth L. Spriggs, Patrick W. Sweeney, Erika J. Edwards, Michael J. Donoghue (2019). "Joint phylogenetic estimation of geographic movements and biome shifts during the global diversification of Viburnum." Systematic Biology doi: 10.1093/sysbio/syaa027

##### Viburnum clade Pseudotinus

* Viburnum lantanoidesLandis et al. (2019) place sect. Pseudotinus in a small, un-named, mostly east Asian clade along with sect. Urceolata. They list Viburnum lantanoides (hobblebush) as the only North American species in this clade. This clade appears to be the sister of a clade containing the Crenotinus and Valvatotinus clades.
* ↑ Michael J. Landis, Deren A. R. Eaton, Wendy L. Clement, Brian Park, Elizabeth L. Spriggs, Patrick W. Sweeney, Erika J. Edwards, Michael J. Donoghue (2019). "Joint phylogenetic estimation of geographic movements and biome shifts during the global diversification of Viburnum." Systematic Biology doi: 10.1093/sysbio/syaa027
Dipsacales — Viburnaceae — Opuloideae — Viburneae — Viburnum — clade Pseudotinus :
| Genus Viburnum clade Pseudotinus | Hobblebush | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Viburnum lantanoides Michx.1783. Viburnum lantana  var. latifolium  C.F.Ludwig 1789. Viburnum lantana  var. grandifolium  Aiton 1805. Viburnum lantana  var. canadensis  Pers. 1803. Viburnum lantanoides  Michx. 1818. Viburnum grandifolium  (Aiton) Sm. 1912. Viburnum lantanoides praecox Kache 1913. Viburnum alnifolium  f. praecox  (Kache) Hesse 1917. Viburnum alnifolium  var. praecox  (Kache) Rehder 1924. Viburnum alnifolium  f. roseum  House 1947. Viburnum lantanoides  f. praecox  (Kache) Rehder | Hobblebush, Alder-leaved viburnum, American wayfaring tree, Witch hobbleViorne bois-d'orignal, Viorne faux-lantana, Viorne à feuilles d'aulne | Native, CoC: 8, Secure FACU Perennial, Shrub | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

##### Viburnum clade Valvatotinus

* Viburnum lentagoClade Valvatotinus contains the North American section Lentago and the Eurasian section Euviburnum. Clade Valvatotinus is sister to clade Crenotinus.
* ↑ Michael J. Landis, Deren A. R. Eaton, Wendy L. Clement, Brian Park, Elizabeth L. Spriggs, Patrick W. Sweeney, Erika J. Edwards, Michael J. Donoghue (2019). "Joint phylogenetic estimation of geographic movements and biome shifts during the global diversification of Viburnum." Systematic Biology.
Dipsacales — Viburnaceae — Opuloideae — Viburneae — Viburnum — clade Valvatotinus :
| Genus Viburnum sect. Lentago | Viburnum | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Viburnum lentago L.1753. Viburnum lentago L. 1808. Viburnum lentagoides  Raf. 1880. Viburnum lentaginum  St.-Lag. (orth. var.) 1889. Viburnum vetteri  Zabel 1889. Viburnum × vetteri  Zabel 1897. Viburnum lentago  var. pyrifolium  Chapm. 1908. Viburnum lentago  var. sphaerocarpum  A.Gray ex Fernald 1949. Viburnum lentago  f. sphaerocarpum  (A.Gray ex Fernald) Rehder | Nannyberry,, Nanny-berry, Sweet viburnum, Black haw, SheepberryViorne flexible, Viorne lentago, Alisier, bourdaine | Native, CoC: 4, Secure FAC Perennial, Tree, shrub, Sun - shade | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos NatureServe BONAP IPN LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Viburnum cassinoides L.1762. Viburnum cassinoides L. 1809. Viburnum squamatum  Muhl. ex Willd. 1813. Viburnum pyrifolium  Pursh 1789. Viburnum laevigatum  Aiton (nom. superfl.) 1841. Viburnum nudum  var. cassinoides  Torr. & A.Gray 1841. Viburnum nudum  var. angustifolium  Torr. & A.Gray 1953. Viburnum cassinoides  var. harbisonii  McAtee | Northern wild raisin, Wild raisin, Withe-rod, Witherod viburnum, Witherwood, Swamp haw, PossumhawViorne cassinoïde, Alises, Alisier, Bleuets sains, Bourdaine | Native, CoC: 7, Secure OBL-FACW Perennial, Tree, shrub, Sun - shade | | NYFA: 5 GBIF | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos NatureServe BONAP IPN LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Viburnum nudum L.1753. Viburnum nudum L. 1825. Tynus nudus  (L.) J.Presl 1838. Viburnum laurifolium Raf. 1838. Viburnum oleifolium  Tausch 1841. Viburnum nudum  var. claytonii  Torr. & A.Gray 1883. Viburnum nudum  var. serotinum  Ravenel ex Chapm. 1884. Viburnum nudum  var. grandifolium  A.Gray 1889. Viburnum anglicum  Dippel 1903. Viburnum nudum  var. nitidum  Zabel | Southern wild-rasin, Possumhaw, Withe-rod | Native, CoC: 9, Endangered OBL-FACW Perennial, Tree-shrub | | NYFA: 1 NYFA: Suffolk (1938) iNat GBIF No RG observations | USDA-N0 WFO POWO Go Botany Tropicos NatureServe BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Viburnum prunifolium L.1753. Viburnum prunifolium L. 1808. Viburnum pyrifolium  Poir. 1893. Viburnum prunifolium  var. globosum  Nash 1924. Viburnum bushii  Ashe 1935. Viburnum prunifolium  var. bushii  (Ashe) E.J.Palmer & Steyerm. | Black-haw ⓘ Blackhaw ⓘ Black haw ⓘ Sweet-haw Stagbush | Native, CoC: 4, Likely secure FACU Perennial, Shrub, Part shade | | NYFA: 4 GBIF | USDA-N0 WFO POWO ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Viburnum sect. Euviburnum | Viburnum | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Viburnum lantana L.1753. Viburnum lantana L. 1779. Viburnum tomentosum  Lam. 1796. Viburnum pallidum  Salisb. (nom. superfl.) 1812. Viburnum farinosum  Stokes 1860. Viburnum lantana  var. rugosum  Lange 1868. Viburnum lantana  var. aureomaculatum  Jacob-Makoy 1885. Viburnum lantana  var. glabratum  Chabert 1887. Viburnum aragonensis  Pau 1925. Viburnum lantana versicolor J.R.Duncan & V.C.Davies | Wayfaring tree, Mealytree, Wayfaring viburnumViorne mancienne | Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa, Moderately invasive,  NYIS: 53%, CP-5 NE-4 Perennial, Tree, shrub | | NYFA: X iNat GBIF | USDA-XX WFO POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos IPN Images Wikispecies |
| Viburnum rhytidophyllum Hemsl.1888. Viburnum rhytidophyllum  Hemsl. 1901. Callicarpa vastifolia  Diels 1928. Viburnum rhytidophyllum roseum  Anon. 1949. Viburnum rhytidophyllum  f. roseum  (Anon.) Rehder | Leatherleaf, Leatherleaf arrowwood, Leatherleaf viburnum | Introduced from  China, Cultivated,  Invasive.org: x Perennial, Shrub | | NYFA-Excluded NYFA: excluded 10 counties | USDA-X0 POWO Images Wikispecies |
| Viburnum × carlcephalum Burkwood ex Rullo, Brach & Gandhi  Viburnum carlesii ×   Viburnum macrocephalum2020. Viburnum × carlcephalum Burkwood ex Rullo, Brach & Gandhi | Fragrant snowball viburnum | Introduced, Cultivated, Artificial hybrid | | NYFA-Excluded | Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Viburnum lantana: Moderate (53). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY. ↑ Appendix 5. Plant species of concern (Watch List) within the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018) ↑ Category 4 Plants - local concern and monitoring - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ||||||

##### Viburnum clade Crenotinus

* Viburnum plicatumCrenotinus is an Asian clade containing the sections Solenotinus and Lutescentia. It is sister to clade Valvatotinus. The two species in this clade introduced in New York occasionally naturalize and are of concern for becoming invasive.
* ↑ Michael J. Landis, Deren A. R. Eaton, Wendy L. Clement, Brian Park, Elizabeth L. Spriggs, Patrick W. Sweeney, Erika J. Edwards, Michael J. Donoghue (2019). "Joint phylogenetic estimation of geographic movements and biome shifts during the global diversification of Viburnum." Systematic Biology doi: 10.1093/sysbio/syaa027
Dipsacales — Viburnaceae — Opuloideae — Viburneae — Viburnum — clade Crenotinus :
| Genus Viburnum sect. Lutescentia | Viburnum | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Viburnum plicatum Thunb.1784. Viburnum tomentosum  Thunb. 1794. Viburnum plicatum  Thunb. 1866. Viburnum plicatum  var. tomentosum  Miq. 1880. Viburnum tomentosum  var. plicatum  (Thunb.) Maxim. | Japanese snowball, Doublefile viburnum | Introduced from  eastern Asia, Highly invasive, Naturalized, NYS Tier 2, SNA, GNR Perennial, Shrub | | Broome, Dutchess, Nassau, Orange, Oswego, Rockland, Suffolk, Westchester NYFA: X | USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies Note: VT |
| Genus Viburnum sect. Solenotinus | Viburnum | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Viburnum sieboldii Miq.1867. Viburnum sieboldii Miq. | Siebold viburnum, Siebold’s arrowwood | Introduced from  eastern Asia, Moderately invasive,  NYIS: 62%, Naturalized, CP-5 NE-4, SNA, GNR Perennial, Tree, shrub | | Bronx, Nassau, Putnam, Queens, Rensselaer, Suffolk, Westchester NYFA: X | USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Invasive Species Tiers for Japanese snowball, Viburnum plicatum. NYS Tier 2. 2021 New York Natural Heritage Program. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Viburnum sieboldii: Moderate (62). ↑ Appendix 5. Plant species of concern (Watch List) within the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018) ↑ Category 4 Plants - local concern and monitoring - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ||||||

##### Viburnum clade Porphyrotinus

* Viburnum dentatum smooth arrowwoodClade Porphyrotinus contains western hemisphere Viburnum species. The two sections represented in New York (Dentata and Mollotinus) contain North America species. A much larger South/Central American section (Oreinotinus) is sister to sect. Dentata.
* The viburnum leaf beetle (Pyrrhalta viburni) often defoliates smooth arrowwood (V. dentatum) and downy arrowwood (V. rafinesqueanum) from this clade, but Viburnum opulus is its preferred host.
* Viburnum rafinesqueanum var. affine is listed in the New York Flora Atlas as a synonym of Viburnum rafinesqueanum, but POWO and other sources list it as an accepted taxon.
* However, it appears that "FNA Ed. Comm., in prep. k" treats Viburnum rafinesqueanum var. affine as a synonym of Viburnum rafinesqueanum.
* ↑ Michael J. Landis, Deren A. R. Eaton, Wendy L. Clement, Brian Park, Elizabeth L. Spriggs, Patrick W. Sweeney, Erika J. Edwards, Michael J. Donoghue (2019). "Joint phylogenetic estimation of geographic movements and biome shifts during the global diversification of Viburnum." Systematic Biology doi: 10.1093/sysbio/syaa027
* ↑ "Viburnum Leaf Beetle." New York State Department of Environmental Conservation website. 17-Sep-2016.
* ↑ Viburnum rafinesquianum (Downy Arrow-wood) in 2006-2024 MinnesotaWildflowers.info.
* ↑ Viburnum rafinesqueanum var. affine (Bush ex C.K.Schneid.) House. POWO (2024). "Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet; http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/ Retrieved 01 January 2024."
* ↑ Viburnum rafinesqueanum var. affine (Bush ex C. K. Schneider) House in VASCAN 01-Jan-2024
Dipsacales — Viburnaceae — Opuloideae — Viburneae — Viburnum — clade Porphyrotinus :
| Genus Viburnum sect. Dentata | Arrowwood | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Viburnum recognitum Fernald1789. Viburnum dentatum  var. lucidum  Aiton 1924. Viburnum ashei  Bush 1941. Viburnum recognitum Fernald 1953. Viburnum recognitum  var. alabamense  McAtee 1953. Viburnum dentatum  var. ashei  (Bush) McAtee 1953. Viburnum dentatum  ssp. ashei  (Bush) McAtee 1956. Viburnum scabrellum  var. ashei  (Bush) McAtee 2011. Viburnum alabamense  (McAtee) Sorrie | Smooth arrowwood ⓘ Smooth arrow-wood Northern arrowwood ⓘ Arrow wood ⓘ Viorne litigieuse Viorne dentée | Native, CoC: 3, Secure FAC Perennial, Tree-shrub, Sun - shade | | NYFA: 5 GBIF | USDA-NN COL POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos NatureServe BONAP IPN LBJ Images Wikispecies Note: |
| Viburnum venosum Britton1789. Viburnum dentatum  var. pubescens  Aiton 1814. Viburnum pubescens  (Aiton) Pursh 1901. Viburnum venosum  Britton 1904. Viburnum venosum  var. canbyi  Rehder 1904. Viburnum venosum  var. longifolium  Rehder 1952. Viburnum dentatum  var. venosum  (Britton) Gleason 1953. Viburnum scabrellum  var. venosum  (Britton) Mc Atee | Southern arrowwood Southern arrow-wood | Native, CoC: 7, Threatened FAC Perennial, Tree-shrub, Sun - shade | | NYFA: 2 iNat GBIF | USDA-N WFO POWO Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Viburnum sect. Mollotinus | Arrowwood | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Viburnum rafinesqueanum Schult. var. rafinesqueanum1820. Viburnum rafinesquianum  Schult. in… 1820. Viburnum rafinesqueanum  Schult. in… 1918. Viburnum affine  var. hypomalacum  S.F.Blake  in… | Downy arrowwood, Downy-leaved arrow-woodViorne de Rafinesque | Native, CoC: 8, Secure UPL Perennial, Shrub, Part Shade - shade | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN u.p. FNA BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Viburnum rafinesqueanum Schult. var. affine1911. Viburnum affine  Bush 1935. Viburnum rafinesqueanum  var. affine  House | | Introduced from  Midwest, N. America native | | NYFA: ? counties ? counties | POWO Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/trees/plants/sm_arrow.htm ||||||

##### Viburnum clade Opulus

* Viburnum opulusThis small clade with a worldwide distribution is the sister to clade Laminotinus
* Both sect. Lobata and sect. Opulus have leaves with somewhat of a maple-leaf shape. The native and invasive Eurasian variety of V. opulus are very similar in appearance, and some populations may be the result of introgression between the two.
* In much of the state, the European V. opulus var. opulus has become more common than the American variety, partially due to distribution of the European variety by the state for "conservation" plantings.
Dipsacales — Viburnaceae — Opuloideae — Viburneae — Viburnum — clade "Opulus" :
| Genus Viburnum sect. Opulus | Cranberrybush | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Viburnum opulus L. var. americanum Aiton1768. Viburnum americanum  Miller 1785. Viburnum trilobum Marshall 1789. Viburnum opulus  var. americanum  Aiton 1915. Viburnum opulus  ssp. americanum  (Mill.) Piper & Beattie 1949. Viburnum opulus  ssp. trilobum  (Marshall) R.T.Clausen 1956. Viburnum opulus  var. trilobum  (Marshall) McAtee | Highbush cranberry, American cranberrybush, Cranberrybush viburnum, MooseberryViorne trilobée, Viorne pimbina | Native, CoC: 3, Likely secure, NE-5 FACW Perennial, Shrub, Sun - part shade | NYFA: 4 iNat | USDA-NN WFO POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies Note: |
| Viburnum opulus L. var. opulus1753. Viburnum opulus  L. 1753. Viburnum opulus  var. roseum  L. 1821. Viburnum roseum  Steud. | European cranberrybush, Guelder rose | Introduced, Moderately invasive,  NYIS: 67%, CP-3 NE-4 | Albany, Cayuga, Monroe, Onondaga, Oswego, Rensselaer, Suffolk NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA Images Wikispecies Note: |
| Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.1803. Viburnum opulus  var. edule  Michx. 1808. Viburnum edule  Raf. 1833. Viburnum acerifolium  Bong. 1838. Viburnum opulus  var. pauciflorum  Raf. 1841. Viburnum opulus  var. eradiatum  Oakes 1841. Viburnum pauciflorum  Bach.Pyl. ex Torr. & A.Gray (nom. illeg.) 1921. Viburnum eradiatum  (Oakes) House | Squashberry ⓘ Mooseberry ⓘ Moosewood viburnum ⓘ Highbush cranberry ⓘ Few-flowered cranberrybush Viorne comestible ⓘ Pimbina ⓘ | Native, CoC: 10, Threatened, S2, G5 FACW Perennial, Shrub | Essex (1919-2009), Ulster (1991-1994) NYFA: 2 | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ Category 5 Plants - native invasives - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ↑ http://dendro.cnre.vt.edu/dendrology/syllabus/factsheet.cfm?ID=267 ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Viburnum opulus var. opulus: Moderate (67). ↑ Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018) ↑ Category 4 Plants - local concern and monitoring - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ↑ http://dendro.cnre.vt.edu/dendrology/syllabus/factsheet.cfm?ID=402 ||||||

##### Viburnum clade Laminotinus

* Viburnum acerifoliumClade Laminotinus is sister to section Opulus.
Dipsacales — Viburnaceae — Opuloideae — Viburneae — Viburnum — clade Laminotinus :
| Genus Viburnum sect. Lobata | Viburnum | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Viburnum acerifolium L.1753. Viburnum acerifolium L. 1878. Viburnum involucratum  Chapm. (nom. illeg.) 1883. Viburnum densiflorum  Chapm. 1914. Viburnum acerifolium  var. glabrescens  Rehder 1956. Viburnum acerifolium  var. densiflorum  (Chapm.) McAtee | Mapleleaf viburnum, Maple-leaved viburnum, Mapleleaf arrowwood, Possum haw, DockmackieViorne à feuilles d'érable | Native, CoC: 7, Secure UPL Perennial, Shrub, Sun - shade | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos NatureServe BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Viburnum sect. Succotinus | Viburnum | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Viburnum dilatatum Thunb. var. dilatatum1784. Viburnum dilatatum  Thunb. 1911. Viburnum brevipes  Rehder 1966. Viburnum dilatatum  var. macrophyllum  P.S.Hsu 1966. Viburnum fulvotomentosum  P.S.Hsu 1988. Viburnum dilatatum  var. fulvotomentosum  (P.S.Hsu) P.S.Hsu | Linden arrowwood, Linden viburnum | Introduced from  China,  Japan,  South Korea, Moderately invasive,  NYIS: 57%, IPA, Sun - part shade | | Bronx, Nassau, Orange, Queens, Rockland, Suffolk NYFA: X | USDA-X0 POWO ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies Note: |
| Viburnum setigerum Hance1882. Viburnum setigerum Hance 1907. Viburnum theiferum  Rehder 1911. Viburnum bodinieri  H. Lév. 1965. Viburnum setigerum  var. sulcatum  P.S.Hsu | Tea viburnum, Tea-leaf viburnum | Introduced from  Cina,  Taiwan, Invasive,  NYIS: 41% | | NYFA: X NYFA: 5 counties 7 counties | USDA-X0 POWO ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Viburnum dilatatum: Moderate (57). ↑ http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/gardens-gardening/your-garden/plant-finder/plant-details/kc/c353/viburnum-dilatatum.aspx ↑ http://www.hort.uconn.edu/plants/v/vibdil/vibdil1.html ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Viburnum setigerum: Low (41). ||||||

### Tribe Adoxeae
#### Sambucus

* Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis American black elderberrySambucus contains the shrubs know as elderberry or simply elder. The name Sambucus is likely derived from the Latin sambuca (a type of harp).
* Some sources, including New York Flora Atlas, treat the American black elderberry as Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis, while other common sources treat it as Sambucus canadensis. The European black elderberry (Sambucus nigra s.s.) has not been discovered outside of cultivation in New York.
Dipsacales — Viburnaceae — Adoxoideae — Sambuceae — Sambucus :
| Genus Sambucus | Elderberry | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Sambucus racemosa1753. Sambucus racemosa L.1803. Sambucus pubens Michx.1892. Sambucus callicarpa Greene1901. Sambucus microbotrys Rydb.1913. S. racemosassp. pubens House | Red elderberry, Scarlet elder, Red-berried elder, Bunchberry elderSureau rouge | Native, CoC: 6, Secure FACU Perennial, Shrub, Shade | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP LBJ MBG Images Wikispecies |
| Sambucus canadensis L.1753. Sambucus canadensis L.1884. S. canadensisvar. laciniata1911. S. simpsonii Rehder1994. S. nigrassp. canadensis2003. S. nigravar. canadensis | Common elderberry, American   black elderberry, Black elder, American elderSureau blanc, Sirop blanc, Sureau du Canada | Native, CoC: 4, Secure FACW-FAC Perennial, Shrub, Part shade | NYFA: 5 iNat GBIF | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos LBJ MBG Images Wikispecies |
| Sambucus nigra L.1753. Sambucus nigra L.1753. Sambucus nigravar. laciniata L.1769. Sambucus laciniata Mill. | European   black elderberry | Introduced from  Eurasia, Not naturalized, Not reported FACW-FAC Perennial, Shrub | NYFA: 0 | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos MBG Images Wikispecies |
| Sambucus ebulus L.1753. Sambucus ebulus L. | Dwarf elderberry, Dwarf elder, DanewortSureau yèble | Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa, Not naturalized, Tompkins only | NYFA: X | USDA-XX VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |

#### Adoxa

The sole member of the Adoxa genus is muskroot (Adoxa moschatellina), which is considered endangered in New York.
Dipsacales — Viburnaceae — Adoxoideae — Adoxeae — Adoxa :
| Genus Adoxa | Muskroot | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NPT |
| Adoxa moschatellina L.    Adoxa moschatellina L. | Muskroot, Musk-root, Musk root, Moschatel, Townhall clockMoscatelline | Native, CoC: 9, Endangered, DEC-A, NYNHP: 1 FAC Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 1 | USDA-NN Go Botany-0 VASCAN BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Adoxa moschatellina. Endangered, S1/G5. ||||||

## Family Caprifoliaceae

* Caprifoliaceae is represented by the "Cap" in "MADCap Horse", the mnemonic used to recall which trees and shrubs have opposite leaves. (The other trees being Maple, Ash, Dogwood, and Horse-chestnut.)

### Subfamily Diervilloideae

* The Diervilloideae is also commonly treated as Diervillaceae Pyck (1998) (bush honeysuckle family). It should be noted that most of the non-native Caprifoliaceae species in New York also take the form of a bushes or shrubs commonly called bush honesuckle (Lonicera spp.) and are considered to be highly invasive.

#### Diervilla

* Diervilla lonicera
* Diervilla contaiins three species of eastern North American bush honeysuckle. It was named in honor of the French surgeon and writer, Sieur de Dièreville, who introduced the genus to Europe after his travels to Acadia around 1700.
* Its only New York native, Northern bush-honeysuckle (Diervilla lonicera), is considered to be a good replacement for the invasive exotic bush honeysuckles (in Lonicera sect. Coeloxylosteum). Diervilla's other two species (D. rivularis and D. sessilifolia are native to limited regions of the southeastern U.S. but are not known to naturalize in New York.
Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Diervilloideae — Diervilla :
| Genus Diervilla | Bush-honeysuckle | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Diervilla lonicera Mill.1753. Lonicera diervilla L.1768. D. lonicera Mill.1803. D. tournefortii Michx.1892. D. diervilla MacMill. (i)1940. D. loniceravar. hypomalaca | Northern bush-honeysuckle, Bush-honeysuckleDièreville chèvrefeuille, Herbe bleue | Native, CoC: 6, Secure UPL Perennial, Shrub, Shade, part shade, | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP LBJ FEIS Images Wikispecies |

#### Weigela

* Weigela floribundaWeigela is native to eastern Asia and has been planted in New York as an ornamental shrub. Weigela floribunda is listed as naturalized in some counties in the southeastern part of the state. Weigela japonica has not been confirmed to truly naturalize.
Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Diervilloideae — Weigela :
| Genus Weigela Thunberg (1780) | Weigela | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Weigela floribunda (Siebold & Zucc.) K.Koch1839. Diervilla floribunda  Siebold & Zucc. in… 1854. Weigela floribunda  (Siebold & Zucc.) K.Koch in… 1863. Diervilla multiflora  Lem. in… 1868. Weigela arborea-grandiflora  Jacob-Makoy in… 1868. Weigela arborescens-versicolor  Jacob-Makoy in… 1889. Weigela arborea  Dippel in… 1889. Weigela arborescens  Dippel in… 1889. Diervilla floribunda  var. grandiflora  Dippel  in… 1927. Diervilla sanguinea  Nakai in… 1936. Weigela kariyosensis  Nakai in… | Weigela, Crimson weigela | Introduced from  eastern Asia, Naturalized | | NYFA: X NYFA: Orange, Rockland, Suffolk Westchester | USDA-X POWO Go Botany ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Weigela japonica Thunb. var. japonica1780. Weigela japonica  Thunb. in… 1830. Diervilla japonica  (Thunb.) DC. in… 1839. Diervilla versicolor  Siebold & Zucc. in… 1900. Diervilla floribunda  var. versicolor  Rehder  in… 1927. Diervilla floribunda  var. versicolor  (Siebold & Zucc.) Rehder 1939. Weigela floribunda  var. versicolor  (Rehder) Rehder  in… | Japanese weigela | Introduced from  temperate Asia, Unknown naturalization | | NYFA: X NYFA: Albany, Westchester No NY observations | USDA-EXCL POWO ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

### Subfamily Caprifolioideae

The Caprifolioideae (honeysuckle subfamily)...
* Tribe Caprifolieae here contains Lonicera and Symphoricarpos.
* ↑ Nina Theis, Michael J. Donoghue,and Jianhua Li (2008) "Phylogenetics of the Caprifolieae and Lonicera (Dipsacales) Based on Nuclear and Chloroplast DNA Sequences." Systematic Botany 33(4): pp. 776–783

#### Triosteum

* Triosteum aurantiacumThe New York Flora Atlas lists three species of horse gentian (Triosteum).
| Triosteum species | sepal length (mm) | sepal back (abaxial surface) | sepal margins | leaf width (cm) | leaf shape | stem pubescence (mm) | style | fruit |
| T. aurantiacum | 10 - 18 | evenly pubescent | evenly pubescent | 4 - 15 | tapers to narrow, sessile base | > 0.5 | ± included | orange-red ovoid |
| T. perfoliatum | 10 - 18 | evenly pubescent | evenly pubescent | 4 - 15 | connate-perfoliate | ≤ 0.5 | exserted | yellow-orange subglobose |
| T. angustifolium | 9 - 12 | glabrous or short-pubescent | hispid-ciliate | 2 - 6 | lanceolate | 1.5 - 3.0 | |
Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Caprifolioideae — Triosteeae — Triosteum :
| Genus Triosteum | Horse-gentian | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Triosteum aurantiacum E.P.Bicknell1901. Triosteum aurantiacum E.P.Bicknell 1918. Triosteum aurantiacum  var. glaucescens  Wiegand 1923. Triosteum perfoliatum  var. aurantiacum  (E.P.Bicknell) Wiegand 1923. Triosteum perfoliatum  var. glaucescens  (Wiegand) Wiegand | Orangefruit horse-gentian, Wild coffee, Coffee tinker's weed | Native, CoC: 7, Secure Perennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: 5 iNat GBIF | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany VASCAN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Triosteum perfoliatum L.1753. Triosteum perfoliatum L. 1803. Triosteum majus  Michx. 1817. Karpaton hastatum  Raf. 1837. Triosteum connatum  Raf. 1837. Triosteum obovatum  Raf. | Perfoliate-leaved horse-gentian, Perfoliate tinker's-weed, Feverwort | Native, CoC: 8, Rare Perennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: 4 GBIF | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Triosteum angustifolium L. | Lesser horse-gentian, Yellowfruit horse-gentian, Yellow-leaved tinker's-weed, Narrow-leaved horse gentian | Native, CoC: 8, Likely extirpated FAC Perennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: Z | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS Images Wikispecies |

#### Lonicera

* Members of the Lonicera genus are mostly known as honeysuckle. There are seven native New York honeysuckles and a couple other North American honeysuckles. But there are also about a dozen Eurasian honeysuckles found in New York, many of which have become quite prevalent and are considered highly invasive in the Northeast.

##### Lonicera subg. Caprifolium

* Lonicera dioicaSubgenus Caprifolium contains vining or trailing shrub honeysuckles with perfoliate leaves immediately beneath the flowers.
Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Caprifolioideae — Caprifolieae — Lonicera subg. Caprifolium :
| Genus Lonicera subg. Caprifolium | Honeysuckle | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Lonicera dioica L.1767. Lonicera dioica L. 1768. Lonicera glauca Hill 1830. Caprifolium douglasii Lindl. 1830. Lonicera douglasii (Lindl.) DC. 1896. Lonicera hirsuta  var. glaucescens  Rydb. 1897. Lonicera glaucescens Rydb. 1912. Lonicera dioica  var. glaucescens  Butters 1929. Lonicera dioica  var. douglasii  (Lindl.) Farw. 1982. Lonicera dioica  ssp. glaucescens  Á.&D.Löve | Smooth honeysuckle Limber honeysuckle Glaucous honeysuckle Mountain honeysuckle Wild honeysuckle Red honeysuckle Douglas honeysuckle Dhèvrefeuille dioïque Chèvrefeuille glauque | Native, Secure FACU Perennial, Vine, shrub | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies Note: |
| Lonicera hirsuta Eaton1818. Lonicera hirsuta  Eaton 1826. Lonicera pubescens Sweet 1952. Lonicera hirsuta  var. interior  Gleason 1968. Lonicera hirsuta  var. schindleri  B.Boivin | Hairy honeysuckleChèvrefeuille hirsute, Chèvrefeuille hérissé | Native, Likely secure FAC Perennial, Vine | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Lonicera sempervirens L.1753. Lonicera sempervirens L. 1768. Periclymenum sempervirens  L. 1789. Lonicera sempervirens  var. minor  Aiton 1802. Caprifolium sempervirens  Moench 1895. Phenianthus sempervirens  Raf. 1903. Lonicera sempervirens  var. hirsutula  Rehder | Trumpet honeysuckle Coral honeysuckleChèvrefeuille toujours vert | Native, CoC: 5, Likely secure, S4, G5 FACU Perennial, Vine, Heliophily: 6 Sun - part shade | | NYFA: 21 counties | USDA-NX FSUS Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Lonicera × italica Schmidt ex Tausch  Lonicera caprifolium ×   Lonicera etrusca | Italian honeysuckleClématite des jardins | Introduced, Europe native Perennial, Vine | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX ARS-GRIN ITIS BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Lonicera subg. Caprifolium (excluded taxa) | Honeysuckle | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Lonicera caprifolium L. (1753) | Italian woodbine, Italian honeysuckle, Perfoliate honeysuckleClématite des jardins | Introduced, Europe native Perennial, Vine | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-XX ARS-GRIN ITIS BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ Many references treat all varieties of Lonicera dioica as a single taxon, but the 2003 USDA Forest Service Conservation Assessment for Red Honeysuckle (Lonicera dioica L. var. glaucescens) (Rydb.) Butters states that "If it is to be accepted as a variety, its correct name should be Lonicera dioica var. douglasii (Lindl.) Farw., otherwise it could be considered a minor variation within Lonicera dioica L." ||||||

##### Lonicera subg. Lonicera
###### Lonicera sect. Isika & Nintooa

* Lonicera japonicaBecause sect. Nintooa appears to be embedded within sect. Isika, these two sections have been placed in the following table together.
* ↑ Nina Theis, Michael J. Donoghue, and Jianhua Li (2008). "Phylogenetics of the Caprifolieae and Lonicera (Dipsacales) Based on Nuclear and Chloroplast DNA Sequences." Systematic Botany 33(4): pp. 776–783.
Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Caprifolieae — Lonicera subg. Lonicera :
| Genus Lonicera subg. Lonicera sect. Nintooa | Honeysuckle | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Lonicera japonica Thunb. | Japanese honeysuckle | Introduced from  East Asia, Very highly invasive,  NYIS: 84%, CP3 NE1 | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies Note: VT |
| Genus Lonicera subg. Lonicera sect. Isika | Honeysuckle | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Lonicera fragrantissima Lindl. & PaxtonXylosteon fragrantissimum | Winter honeysuckle ⓘ Sweet breath of spring ⓘ Fragrant honeysuckle ⓘ January jasmine | Introduced from  China, Invasive | | NYFA: X | USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies |
| Lonicera standishii Jacques | Standish's honeysuckle | Introduced, Impersistent | | NYFA: X | USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies |
| Lonicera involucrata (Richardson) Banks ex Spreng.1823. Xylosteon involucratum Richardson1824. L. involucrata Banks ex Spreng.1826. Lonicera ledebourii Eschsch. p.p. | Twinberry honeysuckle, Bearberry honeysuckle, California honeysuckle, Black twinberry | Introduced from  west & north, N. America native, No NY reports, Cultivated | | NYFA: 0 | USDA-NN VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Lonicera spp.: Very high (84). ↑ Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018) ↑ Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ||||||

###### Lonicera sect. Lonicera

* Lonicera canadensisThe Lonicera section Lonicera (syn. sect. Coeloxylosteum sensu Rehder) in New York contains native and naturalized "fly honeysuckles" including the very-highly invasive "Eurasian bush honeysuckles."
* Section Lonicera is characterized by flowers with a two-lipped corolla and hollow branches.
* ↑ Masayoshi Nakaji, et al. (2015). "A Molecular Phylogenetic Study of Lonicera L. (Caprifoliaceae) in Japan Based on Chloroplast DNA Sequences." Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 66(3): 137–151 Because this section contains L. xylosteum, the type species of genus Lonicera, this section should be named Lonicera as autonym.
* ↑ Nina Theis, Michael J. Donoghue,and Jianhua Li (2008) "Phylogenetics of the Caprifolieae and Lonicera (Dipsacales) Based on Nuclear and Chloroplast DNA Sequences." Systematic Botany 33(4): pp. 776–783
Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Caprifolioideae — Caprifolieae — Lonicera subg. Lonicera sect. Lonicera :
| Genus Lonicera subg. Lonicera sect. Lonicera | Fly honeysuckle | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Lonicera canadensis Bartram & W.Bartram ex Marshall1777. Lonicera canadensis Bartram1785. Lonicera canadensis Marshall1813. Xylosteon ciliatum Pursh | American fly-honeysuckle, Canada fly honeysuckle, Fly HoneysuckleChèvrefeuille du Canada | Native, CoC: 8, Secure FACU Perennial, Shrub, Sun - shade | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Lonicera oblongifolia (Goldie) Hook.1822. Xylosteon oblongifolium Goldie1833. Lonicera oblongifolia Hook.1911. Lonicera oblongifoliavar. altissima Rehder | Swamp fly-honeysuckleChèvrefeuille  à feuilles oblongues | Native, CoC: 9, Likely secure OBL Perennial, Shrub | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP IPN Images Wikispecies |
| Lonicera villosa (Michx.) Roem. & Schult.1803. Xylosteon villosum Michx.1819. Lonicera villosa Roem. & Schult.1841. L. caeruleavar. villosa1982. L. caeruleassp. villosa | Mountain fly-honeysuckle, Northern fly-honeysuckle, Velvet honeysuckle, Blue fly honeysuckleChèvrefeuille velu | Native, CoC: 9, Vulnerable Perennial, Shrub | | NYFA: 3? | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Lonicera reticulata Raf.1838. Lonicera reticulata Raf.1864. Caprifolium proliferum G.Kirchn.1884. Lonicera sullivantii A.Gray1910. L. prolifera J.R.Booth ex Rehder1952. L. proliferavar. glabra Gleason | Grape honeysuckleChèvrefeuille réticulé | Introduced from  US Midwest, N. America native | | NYFA: X | USDA-N0 Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Lonicera tatarica L.1753. Lonicera tatarica L.1800. Lonicera sibirica Georgi1803. Xylosteon tataricum Michx.1891. Caprifolium tataricum Kuntze | Tatarian honeysuckle, Tartarian honeysuckleClématite de Tartarie | Introduced from  Eurasia, Very highly invasive, NYIS: 86%, CP2 NE1, IPA VT | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Lonicera morrowii A.Gray1857. Lonicera morrowii A.Gray1917. Lonicera insularis Nakai1968. Xylosteon morrowii Moldenke2011. Lonicera tataricavar. morrowii Q.E.Yang et al. | Morrow's honeysuckle, Asian fly honeysuckleChèvrefeuille de Morrow | Introduced from  Asia, Very highly invasive, NYIS: 86%, CP2 NE1, IPAVT | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Lonicera × bella Zabel  Lonicera morrowii ×   Lonicera tatarica1889. Lonicera × bella Zabel | Bell's honeysuckle, Showy fly honeysuckle, Bella honeysuckle, Whitebell honeysuckleChèvrefeuille de Bell, Chèvrefeuille joli | Introduced, Very highly invasive, NYIS: 86%, CP2 NE1, IPA VT | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Maxim.1857. Xylosteon maackii Rupr.1859. Lonicera maackii Maxim.1864. Lonicera maackii Herder1891. Caprifolium maackii Kuntze | Amur honeysuckle, Bush honeysuckle, Late honeysuckle, Maack's honeysuckleChèvrefeuille de Maack, Clématite de Maack | Introduced from  Asia, Very highly invasive, NYIS: 84%, CP2, NE1, IPAVT | | | NYFA: X Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Lonicera xylosteum L.1753. Lonicera xylosteum L.1889. Lonicera segreziensis     Lavallée ex Dippel | European fly honeysuckle, Fly honeysuckle, Dwarf honeysuckleChèvrefeuille à balais, Camérisier à balais, Clématite des haies | Introduced from  Eurasia, Potentially invasive,  NYIS: 33%, CP4 NE4, IPA | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Lonicera ruprechtiana Regel1869. Lonicera ruprechtiana Regel1891. Caprifolium ruprechtianumKuntze1893. Lonicera × muscaviensisRehder | Manchurian honeysuckle, Ruprecht's honeysuckle | Introduced from  temperate Asia, Potentially invasive, Excluded | | NYFA: X | USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Lonicera × notha Zabel  Lonicera ruprechtiana ×   Lonicera tatarica1889. Lonicera × notha Zabel | Hybrid of  Manchurian &  Tatarian honeysuckle | Introduced, Potentially invasive | | NYFA: X | USDA-X0 ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Lonicera subg. Lonicera sect. Lonicera (excluded taxa) | Fly honeysuckle | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Lonicera × xylosteoides Tausch.  Lonicera tatarica ×   Lonicera xylosteum1838. Lonicera × xylosteoides Tausch | Hybrid of  Tatarian honeysuckle &  European   fly honeysuckle | Introduced, Potentially invasive, Excluded | | Excluded NYFA-Excluded | USDA-XX VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ Northern Ontario Plant Database ↑ Connecticut Botanical Society ↑ GRIN treats Lonicera villosa as a synonym of L. caerulea var. villosa 1 2 3 4 New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Lonicera spp.: Very high (84-86). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY. 1 2 3 4 Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018) 1 2 3 4 Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Lonicera xylosteum: Unknown (33). ↑ Appendix 4. Plant species that are considered moderately invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018) ↑ Category 4 Plants - local concern and monitoring - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ||||||

#### Symphoricarpos

* Symphoricarpos albusThree species of Symphoricarpos have been found in New York. Symphoricarpos albus (snowberry) has varieties that are both native (var. albus) and introduced (var. laevigatus).
Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Caprifolioideae — Caprifolieae — Symphoricarpos :
| Genus Symphoricarpos | Snowberry | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Symphoricarpos albus (L.) S.F.Blakevar. albus    Symphoricarpos racemosus Michx. | Common snowberry, Northern snowberry, Thin-leaved snowberry, White coralberry, WaxberrySymphorine blanche | Native, Likely secure | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Symphoricarpos albus (L.) S.F.Blakevar. laevigatus (Fernald) S.F. Blake1905. Symphoricarpos racemosusvar. laevigatus1914. Symphoricarpos albusvar. laevigatus1927. Symphoricarpos rivularis Suksd. | Pacific snowberry, Common snowberry, Smooth-leaved snowberry, WaxberrySymphorine lisse, Symphorine blanche lisse | Introduced from  western N. America, N. America native, Naturalized, SNA, G5-T5 Perennial, Shrub, subshrub | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench1753. Lonicera symphoricarpos L.1794. Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench1803. Symphoricarpos vulgaris Michx.1892. Symphoricarpos symphoricarpos (L.) MacMill. (i) | Buck brush, Coralberry, Indian-coralberry, Indian-currantSymphorine à baies-de-corail | Introduced from  US south, N. America native, Naturalized, SNA, G5 FACU Perennial, Shrub | NYFA: X | USDA-NX ARS-GRIN ITIS BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook. (1833) | Wolfberry, Western snowberry, Northern snowberry | Introduced from  midwest, N. America native, Not naturalized, SNA, G5 FACU-UPL Perennial, Shrub | Chemung (1950), Ontario, Otsego (2005), Rensselaer (1997) NYFA: X | USDA-NN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |

### Subfamily Linnaeoideae

The Linnaeoideae (twinflower subfamily)...

#### Linnaea

Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Linnaeoideae — Linnaea :
| Genus Linnaea L. | Twinflower | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Linnaea borealis L.ssp. americana(Forbes) Hultén ex R.T. Clausen    Linnaea americana Forbes    L. borealisssp. americana | Twinflower, Longtube twinflower | Native, CoC: 9, Likely secure FAC Perennial, Herb-forb, subshrub | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany LBJ Images Wikispecies |

#### Kolkwitzia

Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Linnaeoideae — Kolkwitzia :
| Genus Kolkwitzia | Beautybush | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Kolkwitzia amabilis Graebn.1901. Kolkwitzia amabilis Graebn. | Beautybush, Cold-whiskey-plant, Buisson de beauté | Introduced, Highly invasive, NYS Tier 2 | | NYFA: X | USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |

#### Abelia

* Abelia × grandiflora
Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Linnaeoideae — Abelia :
| Genus Abelia | Abelias | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NPT |
| Abelia × grandiflora (Rovelli ex Andre) Rehder  Abelia chinensis ×   Abelia uniflora1886. Abelia rupestris  var. grandiflora  Rovelli ex André  in… 1892. Abelia × rupestris  Späth 1900. Abelia × grandiflora  (Rovelli ex Andre) Rehder in… 2013. Linnaea × grandiflora  (Rovelli ex André) Christenh. in… | Glossy abelia ⓘ | Introduced, US: established (category C3),  Invasive.org: | | NYFA: ? counties iNat GBIF 4 counties | USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies |

### Subfamily Dipsacoideae

* The Dipsacoideae (teasel subfamily) is native to a region centered on the Mediterranean and has no members that are native to the western hemisphere.
* ↑ Carlson & al. "Phylogeny and character evolution in Dipsacaceae" TAXON 58(4) November 2009: 1075–1091

#### Tribe Dipsaceae
##### Succisella

* Succisella inflexa
Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Dipsacoideae — Succiseae — Succisella :
| Genus Succisella Beck | Succisella | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Succisella inflexa (Kluk) Beck1803. Scabiosa australis Wulfen1809. Scabiosa inflexa Kluk1830. Succisa australis Rchb.1893. Succisella inflexa Beck | Devil’s bit ⓘ Southern succisella Frosted pearls Succiselle infléchie | Introduced | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX VASCAN Images Wikispecies |

##### Dipsacus

* Dipsacus fullonumTeasels (Dipsacus spp.) are common weeds in New York, introduced from Eurasia.
* The most common teasels in New York State are wild fuller's teasels (Dipsacus fullonum).
* The least common are the cultivated fuller's teasels (Dipsacus sativus) which have been used as natural combs in the textile industry since the Middle Ages.
* Cut-leaf teasels (Dipsacus laciniatus) have turned out to be the most invasive. They seem to be increasing in population and are on the DEC's list of Prohibited Invasive Species.
* ↑ "Two Teasels" The Cloisters Museum and Garden - The Metropolitan Museum of Art (www.metmuseum.org)
* ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species
* ↑ Brian G. Rector, et. al. (2005). "Prospects for biological control of teasels, Dipsacus spp., a new target in the United States." USDA-ARS, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Nebraska.
Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Dipsacoideae — Dipsaceae — Dipsacus :
| Genus Dipsacus L. | Teasel | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Dipsacus fullonum L.1753. Dipsacus fullonum L. 1762. Dipsacus sylvestris Huds. 1778. Dipsacus fullonum  var. sylvestris  Schmalh. 1909. Dipsacus arcimusci Lojac. 1962. Dipsacus fullonum  ssp. sylvestris  A.R.Clapham. | Common teasel, Wild fuller's teasel, Wild teazleCardaire sauvage | Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa, Highly invasive,  NYIS Tier: 4,  iMapInvasives,  Invasive.org: , Naturalized Biennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: X iNat GBIF | USDA-XX WFO POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Dipsacus laciniatus L.1753. Dipsacus laciniatus L. | Cutleaf teasel, Cut-leaf teasel, Cut-leaved teasel, Laciniate teaselCardère découpée, Cardère laciniée | Introduced from  Eurasia, Highly invasive, NYIS: 76%, Prohibited, NYS Tier 4 | NYFA: X NYFA: 11 counties iNat 0 counties | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Dipsacus sativus (L.) Honckn.1762. Dipsacus fullonum Huds. non L.1763. Dipsacus fullonumvar. sativus L.1767. Dipsacus sativus (L.) Garsault1782. Dipsacus sativus (L.) Honckn.1912. Dipsacus fullonumssp. sativus Thell. | Cultivated teasel, Cultivated fuller's teasel, Indian teasel, Fuller's teasel | Introduced from  Mediterranean, Not naturalized,  USGS: L48 established, SNA, GNR FACU Biennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: X NYFA: 3 counties iNat GBIF No NY observations | USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Dipsacus laciniatus: Highly invasive (76%). ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species ↑ New York State Invasive Species Tiers for Dipsacus laciniatus. NYS Tier 4. 2021 New York Natural Heritage Program ||||||

##### Cephalaria

* Cephalaria giganteaCephalaria gigantea (giant scabious) was collected from Madison County in 1982. It is unknown whether the plant was naturalized.
Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Dipsacoideae — Dipsaceae — Cephalaria :
| Genus Cephalaria | Scabious | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Cephalaria gigantea    Cephalaria gigantea (Ledeb.) Bobrov | Giant scabious ⓘ | Introduced, Unknown naturalization | | NYFA: Xu NYFA: Madison (1982) no observations | Images Wikispecies |

##### Knautia

* Knautia arvensisBluebuttons or field scabiosa
Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Dipsacoideae — Knautieae — Knautia :
| Genus Knautia | Scabious | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Knautia arvensis (L.) Coult.1753. Scabiosa arvensis L.1823. Knautia arvensis Coult. | Field scabiosa, Field-scabious, Bluebuttons, Blue-buttonsKnautie des champs, Scabieuse des champs | Introduced from  Eurasia, Potentially invasive, IPA | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |

##### Scabiosa

Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Dipsacoideae — Scabioseae — Scabiosa :
| Genus Scabiosa | Pincushions | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Scabiosa columbaria L.1753. Scabiosa columbaria L. | Dove pincushions, Pincushion flower, Yellow scabiousOeil de perdrix, Colombaire | Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa | | NYFA: X | USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |

### Subfamily Valerianoideae

* The Valerianoideae has often been included in the Valerianaceae (valerian family).
* Because the genus Valeriana has been found to be polyphyletic, with six genera, including Valerianella embedded within it, Christenhusz & Byng (2018) recommended moving all of those genera into Valeriana'.
* ↑ Christenhusz, M.J.M., Fay, M.F. & Byng, J.W. (eds.) 2018. The Global Flora Vol 4. Global List of Vascular Plants (GLOVAP) nomenclature part 1.

#### Valeriana

Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Valerianoideae — Valeriana :
| Genus Valeriana | Valerian | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Valeriana uliginosa (Torr. & A.Gray) Rydb.1841. Valeriana sylvatica  var. uliginosa  Torr. & A.Gray  in… 1901. Valeriana uliginosa  (Torr. & A.Gray) Rydb. in… 1918. Valeriana dubiosa  Gand. in… 1951. Valeriana sitchensis  ssp. uliginosa  (Torr. & A.Gray) F.G.Mey.  in… 1952. Valeriana septentrionalis  var. uliginosa  (Torr. & A.Gray) Gleason  in… 1967. Valeriana sitchensis  var. uliginosa  (Torr. & A.Gray) B.Boivin  in… | Marsh valerian, Swamp valerian, Mountain valerianValériane des tourbières, Valériane uligineuse | Native, Endangered, CA | NYFA: 1-2 | USDA- Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos NatureServe Images Wikispecies |
| Valeriana officinalis L.1753. Valeriana officinalis L.1932. Valeriana stubendorfii Kreyer ex Kom.1933. Valeriana dageletiana Nakai ex F.Maek. | Garden heliotrope, Common valerian, European valerian, Garden valerianValériane officinale, Valériane cultivée | Introduced from  Eurasia, Moderately invasive,  NYIS: 62%, Prohibited in CT, Finger Lakes Tier 4 | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos NatureServe Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Valeriana officinalis: Moderate (62). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY. ||||||

#### Valerianella

* Valerianella umbilicataChristenhusz & Byng (2018) recommended moving all Valerianella species into Valeriana. That change does not yet seem to be universally accepted.
* ↑ Christenhusz, M.J.M., Fay, M.F. & Byng, J.W. (eds.) 2018. The Global Flora Vol 4. Global List of Vascular Plants (GLOVAP) nomenclature part 1.
Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Valerianoideae — Valerianella :
| Genus Valerianella | Cornsalad | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Valerianella chenopodiifolia (Pursh) DC.1813. Fedia chenopodiifolia  Pursh in… 1830. Valerianella chenopodiifolia  (Pursh) DC. in… 1837. Fedia triquetra  Hochst. & Steud. ex Shuttlew. in… 1837. Valerianella triquetra  Shuttlew. in… 1838. Fedia radiata  Torr. & A.Gray in… 1841. Fedia fagopyrum  Torr. & A.Gray in… 1841. Fedia radiata  var. leiocarpa  Torr. & A.Gray  in… 1843. Valerianella fagopyrum  Walp. in… 2018. Valeriana chenopodiifolia  (Pursh) Christenh. & Byng in… | Goose-foot corn-salad, Goosefoot valerianValérianelle à feuilles de chénopode | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, S1, G5 FAC Annual or biennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: 1 NYFA: 6 counties iNat GBIF Monroe, Onondaga | USDA- COL WFO POWO FSUS VASCAN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Valerianella umbilicata (Sull.) Alph.Wood1842. Fedia umbilicata  Sull. in… 1848. Fedia patellaria  Sull. ex A.Gray in… 1861. Valerianella umbilicata  (Sull.) Alph.Wood in… 1861. Valerianella patellaria  (Sull. ex A.Gray) Alph.Wood in… 1872. Valerianella radiata  var. umbilicata  (Sull.) Porter  in… 1872. Fedia radiata  var. umbilicata  (Sull.) Porter  in… 1883. Valerianella woodsiana  var. patellaria  (Sull. ex A.Gray) A.Gray  in… 1883. Valerianella woodsiana  var. umbilicata  (Sull.) A.Gray  in… 1938. Valerianella intermedia  Dyal in… 1952. Valerianella radiata  var. intermedia  (Dyal) Gleason  in… 2018. Valeriana narda  Christenh. & Byng in… 2018. Valeriana umbilicata  (Sull.) Christenh. & Byng in… | Navel cornsalad ⓘ Northern corn salad ⓘ Kankakee corn-salad ⓘ Navel-shaped cornsalad ⓘ Northern valerian ⓘ Tall cornsalad ⓘ Wood's cornsalad ⓘ Valérianelle ombiliquée ⓘ | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, No recent reports, SH, G3-G5 FACW-FAC Annual, Herb-forb | NYFA: Z NYFA: 3 counties iNat No NY observtations | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Valerianella radiata (L.) Dufr.1753. Valeriana locusta  var. radiata  L.  in… 1797. Valeriana radiata  (L.) Willd. in… 1803. Fedia radiata  (L.) Michx. in… 1811. Valerianella radiata  (L.) Dufr. in… 1841. Fedia woodsiana  Torr. & A.Gray in… 1843. Valerianella woodsiana  (Torr. & A.Gray) Walp. in… 1938. Valerianella stenocarpa  var. parviflora  Dyal  in… 1938. Valerianella radiata  var. missouriensis  Dyal  in… 1938. Valerianella radiata  var. fernaldii  Dyal  in… 2018. Valeriana woodsiana  (Torr. & A.Gray) Christenh. & Byng in… 2018. Valeriana valerianella  Christenh. & Byng in… | Beaked corn-salad | Native from  southeastern US, N. America native | NYFA-Excluded NYFA: Excluded iNat No NY observations | USDA-N POWO Go Botany ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterr.1753. Valeriana locusta  L. in… 1776. Valerianella olitoria  (L.) Pollich in… 1800. Locusta communis  Delarbre in… 1805. Fedia olitaria  (L.) Vahl in… 1821. Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterr. in… 1823. Fedia locusta  (L.) Rchb. in… 1867. Masema olitorium  (L.) Dulac in… | European cornsalad, Common cornsalad, Lamb's-lettuceMâche douchette, Valérianelle | Introduced from  Europe, Naturalized, SNA, G5 | NYFA: X NYFA: 7 counties 6 counties | USDA- POWO ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |