# Short introduction to the use of sewing machines

This book is a very short introduction to sewing machines descriptions and use of sewing, starting from zero knowledge about the topic.
The sewing machines that this book works with are made by Japanese manufacture Brother, the models worked with are:
* XR7700
* CS70001
* C55055PRW

## Chapter 1: Introduction

This guide will begins with keyword for sewing arts, types of sewing machines and parts of sewing machines.

### Section 1: Keywords

The following words are required to be known prior starting the course.
Textile arts: Are arts and crafts that use plant, animal, or synthetic fibers to construct practical or decorative objects.
Sewing: Is the craft of fastening or attaching objects using stitches made with a sewing needle and thread, and currently with the help of sewing machines.
Fabric or textile: It is an umbrella term that includes various fiber-based materials, including fibers, yarns, filaments, threads, different fabric types, etc.
Thread: Is kept at the Bobbin winder and is extended towards the bobbin while it is hold through the needle and when the singer is in motion its sew 2 textiles together.
Stitch (textile arts): It is single turn or loop of thread, or yarn. There are many Types of machine stitches and many Types of hand stitches. The stitches could use one thread, but in sewing machines the stitches use 2 threads, they can be secured at the beginning, the end or at any time in the sewing process.
Spool: Is a big bobbin that is located is placed in the top of the sewing machine during the sewing process. Is also called bobbin.
Bobbin (also called spool): It is the part of a sewing machine on which the lower thread is wound.
Lockstitch: Is the most common mechanical stitch made by a sewing machine, it is used in sewing machines since 1790.

### Section 2: Types of sewing machines

1.- Mechanical sewing machines
2.- Electro-Mechanical sewing machines
3.- Electronic sewing machines
4.- Computerized sewing machines
5.- Sewing and embroidery machine.
6.- Overlockers.

### Section 3: Sewing machine Parts

1. Bobbin and bobbin case:
2 Slide plate or bobbin cover
3 Presser foot: Types of feet: Feet and Shanks (High shank, low shank, blant slank)
4 Needle and needle clamp
5 Throat plate
6 Feed dogs
7 Tension regulator.
8 Take up level
9 Bobbin winder tension disk
10 Bobbin winder: Is where the supply of yarn or thread is kept.
11.- Thread Guides
12.- Spool Pin
13.- Flywheel
14.- Stitch Selector
15.- Stitch-Length Selector
16.- Stitch Width-Selector
17.- Menu Screen, if the sewing machine has a menu screen.
18.- Reverse-Stitch Button
19.- Foot Controller

## Chapter 2: Getting the machine ready

Uncover the machine
Connect the machine to electricity source.
Turn on using the switch.
Connect the pedal.

### Section 1.- Choose a thread and use it to load the bobbin with thread

Choose a spool with thread of any type or desired color
Choose any empty bobbin
Put the spool with the desired thread color in the spool pin.
Follow the instructions for loading the bobbin described in the diagram at the top of the machine, read the diagram that shows how to put to connect the thread to the bobbin, before pressing the pedal.
Take thread in a straight line and pass it around the circular and metallic hook as indicated.
Pass the extreme of the thread trough one of the holes of the bobbin, and surround the bobbin a few times with it.
Place the bobbin in the bobbin pin and move it to the left towards he bobbin presser to fix the bobbin as indicated in the diagram.
Turn on the machine and press the pedal to wind the bobbin and charge it with the thread, until the amount the thread on the bobbin is enough according the use for the day, practice or work.
Cut the thread, after this section is completed we have a thread and a bobbin charged with thread, both will be used to make one stitch that use both thread sources, these thread sources can be of the same or different color.
Notes:
Sewing machines use 2 threads to make a stitch...
one upper thread (the thread originally selected), this one will be kept in the thread pin at the top of the machine... and one lower thread (the one that was loaded into the bobbin or spool and will be located in the bobbin case at the base of the sewing machine)... Those 2 threads will make one stitch, after they are put in their place and the pedal is pressed, it will pick up the bottom thread and start to make the stitch in the fabric or paper used.
Now we have an upper thread and also a bobbin charged with thread that will become the lower thread.

### Section 2 - Get the upper thread ready

Remove the bobbin now loaded with thread, this bobbin will be place in the lower part of the sewing machine.
Move the thread from the initial position to the position where was loaded the bobbin, using the original thread located on the thread pin (not the one in the bobbin) in the top of the machine.
Using the thread in the spool, take it out of the circular metallic hook and place it in the flat hook that is beside it as instructed in the diagram, this hook has a small metallic filament allowing the thread be in its place and also keeps it in place.
Follow the diagram and pass it through right space in the front of the machine, then pass the thread upwards in the space beside the first space, there is a metallic hook in the middle of that space, pass the thread on the left of that hook all the way to the upper part of the space and then pass it to downwards so it can be hold by the hook as indicated in the diagram, that extreme of the thread will be put later on the needle hole.
To facilitate this step use the dial on the side of the machine to move the hook and needle upwards.
This upper thread will be close to the needle hole, but before pass it through that hole, pass the thread behind the small hook besides the needle, and finally thread the needle passing the thread through the needle hole and get around five inches of the thread and place it on the left side.
To easy this step use a small piece of white paper behind the needle, and the light of the sewing machine if it has any or is on.

### Section 3 - Get the lower thread ready

Take the bobbin loaded with thread.
Uncover the bobbin case, for this press to the right the grey square beside the cover of the bobbin case.
Place the bobbin inside the case, and pass the thread as indicated in the diagram of the sewing machine and leave a few inches outside the sewing machine. Just follow the instructions of how to put the thread out of the bobbin case this step will kept that extreme out of the bobbin case before it the stitch is started. The thread goes in anti clock wise as is indicated in the diagram is followed (unless de diagram or machine follow a clock wise line).
Avoid rushing in this step to prevent leaving pieces of the thread outside of the lines that is should be inside or follow.
This step is just placing the threaded bobbin in its lower case. After this step, when pressing the pedal both threads will be united or locked and the cloth pieces will be sewed, the extremes will be in the stitch itself, when a step is finished it can be cut and put both upper and lower thread at the back of the sewing machine.
If desired keep the foot far from the pedal to prevent accidentally use the machine if the pedal was pressed by accident. If the foot is up the pedal will not move the needle. Finally Cover the bobbin case cover.
With this step complete the lower thread is ready to use and be picked up by the needled after it the needle is threaded and ready to use.

### Section 4 - Thread the needle

This step will use both the upper thread and lower thread, to start, lift up the presser foot lifting its control, this will prevent the needle to move.
Move the machine dial (hand-wheel) located in the left side of the machine towards, until the central reach the upper part of the dial, this will lift the needle to the upper area, allowing to easily threading the thread trough it.
Use enough upper thread to allow pass it through the metallic hook located beside the needle as indicated (but not in excess)
Pass the thread trough the needle hole and take the thread to the left of the machine a few inches.
Tricks: Use a small piece of white paper behind the needle to see clearly the needle and its hole, also lift the needle with the dial, if desired, the foot presser can also be removed to allow extra focus.
Notes: The foot should be up to prevent accidentally use the machine if the pedal was pressed by accident. If the foot is up the pedal will not move the needle..
Take a practice sheet and put it under the presser foot, press the foot down pressing the "pressing foot level" upwards, assuring that the practice sheet or fabric is aligned with the desired line to thread through.
Turn on the sewing machine and press the pedal, this will allow the upper thread to pick up the lower thread and will start the stitch on the fabric.
For safety reasons the machine can be switched off when not used to prevent accidents for example, pressing by mistake the pedal.
With this step completed the needle is threaded and stitches can be made in a practice sheet or to unite two different textiles to make a piece.
Use practice sheets for improving speed and precision and testing new options.

### Section 5 - Securing the thread

Using the reverse button will secure the sewing process at the beginning, at the end or at any part of the sewing, after it, put the machine in normal mode.

### Section 6 - Completing a piece and cutting a thread

When a sewing step is completed, lift feed dog, then move the dial to move upwards the needle, and pull the paper or fabrics towards oneself and cut the thread (composed by upper and lower threads). Without taking the thread of the needle.
In case of continue sewing, move the thread in the original position without taking out of the needle hole, and move it behind the needle a few inches towards the back of the machine to continue using in the next steps if needed. The lower bobbin can be taking out of the machine, the excess of thread eliminated and put again in the bobbin case.

### Section 7 - Starting a new section or piece

Hold the threads at the back of the machine allow up to 4 inches, to prevent the threads to be pulled into the bobbins, preventing machine damage.
Put the textile or practice sheet paper in place and align it properly,
Start the material not passing 5/8 sign, can also switch the side of the material or sheets,
Push down the presser foot control to allow the feed dog to be in place.
Only hold the threads at the beginning of sewing... then hold the fabrics with both hands all the time.
Turn the machine on.
Press the pedal, this will make the upper thread pick up the thread in the bobbin and create the stitch.

## Chapter 3 - Changing the presser foots and type of stitches

Presser foots are attachments used with sewing machines to hold fabric flat as it is fed through the machine and stitched, three principal types of presser feet are the high-shank foot, the low-shank foot, and the slant-shank foot.
Feed dogs are a movable plates that pulls fabric through a sewing machine in discrete steps between stitches, different feed dogs allow to create different stitches patterns.
Some sewing machines allow to use more feed dogs and create more stitch patters.

### Section 1 - Feed dogs

Feed dogs names use letters of the alphabet, some examples are J, N, among others.
Each feed dog allow to use a limited amount of stitch patterns.

### Section 2 - Stitch patterns

In order to be able to use a specific stitch pattern, first has to be used the proper feed dog.
Each sewing machine has a limited number of stitch patters to select, in some the number goes form 00 to 69, in others machines this number or options is higher.

### Section 3 - Changing the feed dog

Move the handwheel upwards to allow the needle go up.
Push the "pressing foot level" up.
Move the feed dog towards oneself put back button to reach Put new foot on
Now the new stitch options can be selected if allowed to be use by the new feed dog choosen.
And reverse the previous steps: Put the pressing foot down.

### Section 4 - Selecting stitches patterns in the screen menu

Screen menu: In some sewing machines the menu has 2 controls in others 4 controls:
T, this option allows to choose tens numbers, for example, 2, if the stitch is 28. N, this option allow to choose the units or first digits, for example, 8 if the stitch is the number 28.
Length of stitch Wide of stitch
The stitches can be changed changing the stitch number, but the proper feed dog has to be chosen first.
Some sewing machines have 00 to 49 stitches, others 00 to 79 different stitches options.

## Chapter 4 - Tension control and its use

Tension in the stitches can be higher, middle or lower, numerated 1, 2 and 3. If the material is strong the tension can be higher.

## Chapter 5 - Speed control and its use

The speed can be controlled in three level of speeds, slower, medium and faster, in some machines this is included as part of the menu control, in others it has three controls for it )> >> >>>) and in other machines this option is controlled by the pressure on the foot pedal.
When the tension is higher is recommended to leave more than 4 inches of threads to the back of the machine, this will prevent it to be pulled into the bobbin.

## Chapter 6 - Working with Textiles or fabrics

After practicing enough to sew in paper sheets start practicing with one or more pieces of fabrics.
Choose two pieces of textiles and use a pins kept in the pins holders and hold both pieces together with a one or more pins.
Start sewing, and take out the first pin before the needle reach to it, continue sewing and take the other pins before are reached by the needle to prevent damage in the needles or the sewing machine.

## Chapter 7 - Thread jam

The thread can be jammed in the machine because of the following reasons:
Because there is not enough tread and it goes into the bobbin case at the beginning of the process.
Because there is too much tension, etc.
When this happen, If the thread is jammed into the bobbins, stop pressing the bobbin stop pedaling and take the thread and bobbin out and thread the needle again.
When the thread is jammed into the bobbin, just take out the needle in the bobbin an put it in its original position, the upper thread does not need to be adjusted or thread into the needled hole, then press the pedal, it will thread both threads together and the sewing process can be continued.
If the thread is jammed into the fabric, cut the thread, take the thread out of the fabric and start the process one more time.

## Final steps

Clean the space
Turn off the machine
Unplug the machine electric cable
Put cover over the machine
Clean the rest of materials.

## See also

* Sewing
* Short introduction to the use of cutting plotter machines
* Short guide to the use of laser cutting machines
* labs
* Dreamo - Sewing the pillow of your dreams

## External links

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewing_machine

## References

* ↑ https://konsew.com/types-of-sewing-machines
* ↑ https://www.marthastewart.com/7846161/sewing-machine-parts-explained
* ↑ https://sewing.com/sewing-machine-parts/
* ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jlfh4tnW76I