OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Spanish/Exercises/Verbs ser And estar

^Lesson 1^
Llena los espacios en blanco con la forma verbal correcta del verbo "ser". Fill the blank spaces with the correct form of the verb "ser" (to be).
| Inglés: | Español |
| English: | Spanish: |
| I am your brother. | Yo ____ tu hermano. |
| I am your sister. | Yo ____ tu hermana. |
| You are my friend. | Tú ____ mi amigo. |
| You are my boss | Usted ___ mi jefe |
| He is a good man. | Él ____ un buen hombre. |
| She is a traveller. | Ella ____ una viajera. |
| We are students. | Nosotros ____ estudiantes. |
| You are dangerous. | Vosotros ____ peligrosos. |
| You are Spaniards | Vosotras ___ españolas |
| You are Argentinians | Ustedes ___ argentinos |
| They are people. | Ellos ____ personas. |
Llena los espacios en blanco con la forma verbal correcta del verbo "estar". Fill the blank spaces with the correct form of the verb "estar" (to be).
| Inglés | Español |
| English | Spanish |
| I am in my home. | Yo __ en mi casa. |
| You are in the correct place. | Tú _____ en el sitio correcto. |
| You are angry. | Tú _____ enojado. |
| You are happy | Usted ___ contento |
| He is in Europe. | Él _____ en Europa. |
| She is sad. | Ella ___ triste. |
| We are in the Americas. | Nosotros _____ en América. |
| You are in Africa. | Vosotros _____ en África. |
| They are ill. | Ellos _____ enfermos. |
Llena los espacios en blanco con la forma verbal correcta del verbo "ser" o "estar". Fill the blank spaces with the correct form of the verb "ser" or "estar" (to be).
| Inglés: | Español |
| English: | Spanish: |
| I am in China. | Yo ____ en China.(soy/estoy) |
| You are my friend. | Tú _____ mi amigo.(eres/estás) |
| You are there. | Tú _____ allí. (eres/estás) |
| She is my sister. | Ella _____ mi hermana. (es/está) |
| He is ill. | Él _____ enfermo. (es/está) |
| We are ready. | Nosotros _____ preparados. (somos/estamos) |
| We are intelligent. | Nosotros _____ inteligentes. (somos/estamos) |
| You are in Europe for Christmas. | Vosotros _____ en Europa para Navidad. (sois/estáis) |
| You are sad. | Vosotras _____ tristes. (sois/estáis) |
| They are sympathetic. | Ellas ____ comprensivas. (son/están) |
| They are interesting people. | Ellos ____ gente interesante. (son/están) |
Soluciones a los ejercicios Solution to exercices
^Lesson 1^
# Spanish/Exercises/Stem Changing Verbs - Solutions

Answers to Spanish/Exercises/Stem Changing Verbs
1. Yo cierro la puerta. I close the door.
2. Tú pierdes tus llaves. You lose your keys.
3. ¿Prefiere usted la langosta? Do you prefer lobster?
4. Nosotros entendemos los ejercicios. We understand the exercises.
5. Felipe y Juan empiezan las prácticas de gramática. Felipe and Juan begin the grammar practices.
6. Ellos quieren almorzar. They want to eat lunch.
7. La chica pierde su pañuelo. The girl loses her handkerchief.
8. ¿Qué piensas? What do you -singular- think?
9. Sofía entiende a Julio. Sofía understands Julio.
10. Yo no quiero la ensalada. I don't want the salad
Bonus: Argentinian voseo
2. Vos perdés tus llaves. You lose your keys.
8. ¿Qué pensás? What do you -singular- think?
# Spanish/Exercises/Verbs ser And estar - Solutions

Soluciones a los ejercicios. Solutions to the exercises
Llena los espacios en blanco con la forma verbal correcta del verbo "ser". Fill the blank spaces with the correct form of the ver "ser" (to be).
| Inglés | Español |
| English | Spanish |
| I am your brother. | Yo soy tu hermano. |
| I am your sister. | Yo soy tu hermana. |
| You are my friend. | Tu eres mi amigo. |
| You are my boss. | Usted es mi jefe. |
| He is a good man. | Él es un buen hombre. |
| She is a traveller. | Ella es una viajera. |
| We are students. | Nosotros somos estudiantes. |
| You are dangerous. | Vosotros sois peligrosos. |
| You are Spaniards. | Vosotras sois españolas. |
| They are persons. | Ellos son personas. |
Llena los espacios en blanco con la forma verbal correcta del verbo "estar".Fill the blank spaces with the correct form of the ver "estar" (to be).
| Inglés | Español |
| English | Spanish |
| I am in my house. | Yo estoy en mi casa. |
| You are in the correct place. | Tú estás en el sitio correcto. |
| You are angry. | Tú estás enfadado. |
| You are happy. | Usted está contento. |
| He is in Europe. | Él está en Europa. |
| She is (temporarily) fat. | Ella está gorda. |
| We are in the Americas. | Nosotros estamos en América. |
| You are in África. | Vosotros estáis en África. |
| They are ill. | Ellos están enfermos. |
Llena los espacios en blanco con la forma verbal correcta del verbo "ser" o "estar". Fill the blank spaces with the correct form of the ver "ser" or "estar" (to be).
| Inglés | Español |
| English | Spanish |
| I am in China. | Yo estoy en China.(soy/estoy) |
| You are my friend. | Tú eres mi amigo.(eres/estás) |
| You are there. | Tú estás allí. (eres/estás) |
| She is my sister. | Ella es mi hermana. (es/está) |
| He is ill. | Él está enfermo. (es/está) |
| We are ready. | Nosotros estamos preparados. (somos/estamos) |
| We are intelligent. | Nosotros somos inteligentes. (somos/estamos) |
| You are in Europe. | Vosotros estáis en Europa. (sois/estáis) |
| You are sad. | Vosotras estáis tristes. (sois/estáis) |
| They are sympathetic. | Ellas son comprensivas. (son/están) |
| They are interesting people. | Ellos son gente interesante. (son/están) |
Enlace a los Ejercicios Link to exercices
Enlace a la lección 1 Link to the lesson 1.
# Spanish/Exercises/¿Cuál es tu trabajo?

Welcome to the exercises related to lesson 9 of ¡Aprovéchalo! The answers can be found here. Also, try translating the dialogue at the top of the lesson page.

## Jobs and occupations

Match the English to the Spanish.
| 1. Electricista | a. Plumber |
| 2. Fontanera | b. Lawyer |
| 3. Constructor | c. Engineer |
| 4. Abogado | d. Electrician |
| 5. Profesora | e. Doctor |
| 6. Médico | f. Dentist |
| 7. Cocinera | g. Teacher |
| 8. Dentista | h. Builder |
| 9. Ingeniero | i. Chef |

## A Few Important Words

Translate the following from English to Spanish and vice versa.
* I have too many apples.
* Hoy, trabajo en una tienda para ganar dinero.
* You're a plumber? How fantastic!
* Muchos niños quieren ser constructores.
* I prefer men that play rugby.
* De vez en cuando, quiero jugar al fútbol, pero no ahora.
* Usually, we go swimming, but today, we're going to play tennis.

## Workplaces

Complete the following sentences.
* Soy profesora: trabajo en _____.
* Es cocinero: trabaja en _____.
* No me gusta mi trabajo en _____, porque es demasiado ruidoso.
* Odio mi trabajo en _____, porque es muy aburrido. No hay mucho para hacer.
* Trabajamos en _____ que se llama Harrods. Siempre es animado y ¡me encanta hablar!

## The Future Tense

Rewrite the following sentences, so that the verb is in the future tense.
* Voy a Canadá
* Trabajamos en un restaurante en la ciudad.
* ¿Ganas veinte euros por hora? ¡Qué bueno!
* Tienen cuarenta y ocho años.
* Quiero dormir.
* ¿Jugáis al tenis?
* Va a Irlanda para experimentar una cultura diferente.
* Soy ingeniera.
# Spanish/Exercises/¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños?

Welcome to the exercises related to lesson 2 of ¡Aprovéchalo!
Click "▼" to check your answers.

## The numbers

Write the following numbers using Spanish words.
| 5 CincoCinco 27 VeintisieteVeintisiete 69 Sesenta y nueveSesenta y nueve | 48 Cuarenta y ochoCuarenta y ocho 84 Ochenta y cuatroOchenta y cuatro 1 UnoUno | 14 CatorceCatorce 53 Cincuenta y tresCincuenta y tres 38 Treinta y ochoTreinta y ocho | 77 Setenta y sieteSetenta y siete 11 OnceOnce 100 CienCien |

## How old are you?

Translate the following phrases.

## What's the date today?

* Describe the following dates in Spanish.

## When's your birthday?

Say the birthday of:
* Yourself
* Your parent(s)
* Two of your friends

## Dialogue

Try translating the following dialogue from the top of the ¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños? lesson page:

## Next steps

* If you would like, review this lesson: ¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños?
* Otherwise, continue to the next lesson: Introducción a la gramática
# Perl Programming/Keywords/sleep
## The sleep keyword

sleep makes the process sleep for the number of seconds passed by the EXPRESSION seconds (integer).
It's not a good idea to mix alarm and sleep calls, as sleep is often implemented using alarm.

### See also

* alarm
* time
# Perl Programming/Keywords/splice
## The splice keyword

The splice command removes the elements designated by OFFSET and LENGTH to replace them with the elements of LIST, if any. After deletion, the array grows or shrinks as necessary. If OFFSET is negative, it starts OFFSET elements away from the end of the array. Without LENGTH, everything from OFFSET onward is removed. If LENGTH is negative, everything from OFFSET onward is removed except -LENGTH at the array end. Without both LENGTH and OFFSET, all the array contents are removed. If OFFSET is past the end of the array and a LENGTH was given, Perl issues a warning, and splices at the end of the array.
splice can be used to implement n-ary queue processing. With Perl 5.14.0, splice can also accept an EXPRESSION with an reference to an unblessed array.

### See also

* delete
* exists
* shift
# Perl Programming/Keywords/seek
## The seek keyword

The seek sets the file handle position as fseek of UNIX. The FILEHANDLE can also an expression that evaluates to the filehandle. WHENCE can have the values 0 to set the POSITION in bytes, 1 so that it is set to the current position plus POSITION, and 2 to set it to EOF plus POSITION.
seek returns 1 on success and false otherwise. For performance reasons, even if the FILEHANDLE has been set to operate on characters, the function tell will return the byte offsets.
For WHENCE, the constants SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, and SEEK_END should be used for portability reasons instead of 0, 1, or 2.
Do not use seek with sysread or syswrite, as buffering makes the file's read-write position unpredictable and non-portable, but use sysseek instead.

### See also

* sysread
* sysseek
* syswrite
* tell
# Perl Programming/Keywords/shift
## The shift keyword

shift shifts the first value of the array off and returns it, shortening the array by 1 and moving everything down. If the array is empty, undef is returned. Without ARRAY, it shifts @_ within the lexical scope of formats and subroutines.
From Perl 5.14 onward, shift can take a scalar EXPRESSION that must hold a reference to an unblessed array. The argument will be dereferenced automatically. This aspect of shift is considered highly experimental, and the exact behaviour may change in a future version of Perl.

### Example
## See also

* unshift
# Perl Programming/Keywords/seekdir
## The seekdir keyword

The seekdir sets the current position for the readdir routine on DIRHANDLE. The parameter POSITION must be a value returned by telldir.

### See also

* readdir
* telldir
| chdir | closedir | mkdir | opendir | readdir | rewinddir | rmdir | seekdir | telldir |
# Perl Programming/Keywords/sin
## The sin keyword

sin is the trigonometric function sine that assumes that X is in radians.
# Perl Programming/Keywords/socket
## The socket keyword

The socket function opens a socket of the specified kind and attaches it to filehandle SOCKET. The DOMAIN, TYPE, and PROTOCOL are specified in the same way as for syscall.

### Examples

* syscall
# Perl Programming/Keywords/say
## The say keyword

say is similar to print, but adds automatically a newline character. Using a real FILEHANDLE like FH instead of an indirect one like $fh without a LIST results in printing the contents of $_ to the file.
To use this command, a use 5.10 should be added.

### See also

* print
* printf
* sprintf
# Perl Programming/Keywords/sort
## The sort keyword

sort sorts the LIST alphabetically and returns the sorted list value when called from list context. The behaviour is undefined for a call from scalar context.
Without BLOCK or SUBNAME, the sort is done in standard string comparison order. SUBNAME is the name of a subroutine that returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero depending on the ordering of the elements in the list. SUBNAME can also be a scalar variable name where its value provides the name of or a reference to the subroutine. Instead of an existing subroutine, the BLOCK can contain the code as an in-line subroutine without a name.

### See also

* cmp
* syscall
# Perl Programming/Keywords/socketpair
## The socketpair keyword

The socketpair function creates an unnamed pair of sockets in the specified domain, of the specified type. The parametres DOMAIN, TYPE, and PROTOCOL are specified the same as for the syscall of the same name. If unimplented, an exception is raised, or returns true on success.

### See also

* socket
* syscall
# DESCRIPTION:

Returns TRUE for none values.
NONE? is an action value.

# ARGUMENTS:

* value -- (Type: any-type)
# DESCRIPTION:

Returns the current local date and time.
NOW is a native value.

# REFINEMENTS:

* /year -- Returns the year only.
* /month -- Returns the month only.
* /day -- Returns the day of the month only.
* /time -- Returns the time only.
* /zone -- Returns the time zone offset from GMT only.
* /date -- Returns date only.
* /weekday -- Returns day of the week as integer (Monday is day 1).
* /yearday -- Returns day of the year (Julian)
* /precise -- Use nanosecond precision
# DESCRIPTION:

Returns the logic complement.
NOT is a native value.

# ARGUMENTS:

* value -- (Only FALSE and NONE return TRUE) (Type: any)
# Rebol Programming/null

NULL is a char of value: #"^@"
# DESCRIPTION:

Flashes an informational message to the user. Waits for a user response.
NOTIFY is a function value.

# ARGUMENTS:

* str -- (Type: any)
# DESCRIPTION:

Returns TRUE for number values.
NUMBER? is an action value.

# ARGUMENTS:

* value -- (Type: any-type)
# DESCRIPTION:

Returns TRUE for object values.
OBJECT? is an action value.

# ARGUMENTS:

* value -- (Type: any-type)
# DESCRIPTION:

Returns TRUE if the number is odd.
ODD? is an action value.

# ARGUMENTS:

* number -- (Type: number char date money time)
# Rebol Programming/none

NONE is a none of value: none
# DESCRIPTION:

Returns TRUE if the values are not equal.
NOT-EQUAL? is an action value.

# ARGUMENTS

* value1 -- (Type: any)
* value2 -- (Type: any)
# Russian/Grammar/Attention

Внима́ние! (Attention!) is a list of words or phrases that English speakers should pay special attention to. These are either pairs of words that reduce to a single word in English, or words that have shades of meaning that are not usually noted in a dictionary entry.

## то́же — та́кже

Both mean "also", but the difference in meaning concerns the scope. The word то́же is used when including the subject with a group or another individual. If Sergei says "я говорю́ по–ру́сски", then Andrei can respond by saying "я то́же". It has the sense of "me too!" when used during a dialogue. The word та́кже is only used when speaking about the same subject. Sergei can say "я говорю́ по–ру́сски и та́кже уме́ю танцева́ть".

## почему́ — заче́м

These words are interrogatives meaning "why". Почему is the more commonly-used one, an all-purpose word used when simply asking for the reason for something. "Почему́ не́бо голубо́е?" Зачем literally means "for what" and carries this more direct connotation. "Зачем ты разби́л ва́зу?"
Russian language · Русский язык :
| Lessons | Introduction · Alphabet · Lesson 1 · Lesson 2 · Lesson 3 · Lesson 4 · Lesson 5 | (view) |
| Reference | Numbers · Cases (Nom. · Gen. · Dat. · Acc. · Inst. · Prep.) · Adjectives · Prepositions · Verbs (Aspect · Past · Future) · Pronouns (Personal · Possessive · Interrogative) · Cursive | |
| Appendices | Appendix · Alphabet · Internet · Cheat Sheet | |
# Russian/Grammar/Adverbs

Adverbs describe a verb much like adjectives describe nouns.

## Adverbs of Time

* Когда? = When?
* С каких пор? = Since when?
* Сколько времени?= How much time?
# Russian/Grammar/Articles

Articles are small grammatical words that convey the definiteness of a noun.

## Omission of articles

In English, the two articles are 'the' and 'a/an'. English uses the definite article "the" to indicate a specific place, thing, etc: 'I ate the orange' suggests there was only one orange, or it was in some way special. English uses the indefinite articles "a" and "an" to indicate that the following noun is not specific, e.g., "I ate an orange" suggests there were several oranges. Note that English only uses indefinite articles for singular nouns: 'I ate oranges' (plural) lacks an article. The word 'some' is sometimes used as a sort of faux indefinite plural article: 'I ate some oranges' conveys the same indefiniteness as 'an'.
The details and nuances of articles can fortunately be glossed over, as Russians simply omit articles altogether. For example, while we say 'I want an apple', using the article 'an', in Russian this is simply 'I want apple', or Я хочу яблоко (ya kha-CHOO YA-bla-ka). This can make the language seem quite blunt, though this is due to Russian's deliberate efficiency in grammar.

## To be

To compound this efficiency, the most common verb in English, 'to be', is also omitted in Russian, at least in the present tense - that is, the words 'is', 'am', 'are', etc, don't have Russian counterparts. The infinitive быть 'to be' exists with past- and future-tense conjugations, but its present-tense conjugation is not used transitively in contemporary Russian. For example, 'She is nice' becomes 'She nice', or Она симпатичная (a-NA seem-pa-TEECH-na-ya).
Thus, the English four-word sentence 'I am a student' is just two words in Russian: Я студент (ya stoo-DYENT). In written Russian, when a sentence equates two nouns in a row, a long dash, or —, is written between the nouns to indicate the verb 'to be'. For example, 'Tanya is a student' translates to Таня — студент (TAN-ya — stoo-DYENT).

## Quiz

Russian language · Русский язык :
| Lessons | Introduction · Alphabet · Lesson 1 · Lesson 2 · Lesson 3 · Lesson 4 · Lesson 5 | (view) |
| Reference | Numbers · Cases (Nom. · Gen. · Dat. · Acc. · Inst. · Prep.) · Adjectives · Prepositions · Verbs (Aspect · Past · Future) · Pronouns (Personal · Possessive · Interrogative) · Cursive | |
| Appendices | Appendix · Alphabet · Internet · Cheat Sheet | |
# Sonic the Hedgehog 3/Special Stages

In the special stages, you must collect all the blue spheres while avoiding the red spheres. If you collect all the blue spheres you are rewarded with a Chaos Emerald.

## Game Screen

This counter shows how many blue spheres are remaining.
This counter shows the number of rings collected.

## Items

* You must collect all of these to get the chaos emerald. When you touch them they turn red.
* If you touch any of these you lose.
* You bounce off these making you go backwards. Just press up to go forward again.

## Making Rings

Groups of blue spheres can be turned into rings by going around the outside of them.

### A Simple Example

1. 2. 3.
There must be at least 1 blue sphere in the center.

### Irregular Shapes

1. 2. 3.
Notice how only the spheres in the outline and the center turn into rings.

## Stage 1

| This is the first of the special stages. You must collect 102 blue spheres to get the emerald. There are also 64 rings available. To collect the rings, go around the edge of the 4, 4x4 groupings of blue spheres. | Stage 1 map |

## Stage 2

| There are 135 rings available on this level. | Stage 2 map |
# Sound Recording

There are two books that deals with sound recording:
* Digital Music Composition
* Movie Making Manual-Sound Recording
Until this book is complete, these two will remain for reference.

## Basic Concepts

* Production process

## Equipment and technique

* Recorder
* Microphone
* Mixer
# Sound Recording/Recorder

There are numerous recorders that is available, be it a standalone hardware or a software for your computer.

## Hardware

* 4-track tape recorder
* 8-track tape recorder using 1-inch, open-reel tape
* 16-track tape recorder using 1-inch, open-reel tape
* 16-track tape recorder using 2-inch, open-reel tape
* 24-track tape recorder using 2-inch, open-reel tape

## Software
### Commercial

* DK Hit Kit ($15 CDN). Cheap, comes with a lite version of emagic Logic. Can edit 8 audio track and 16 midi track. Comes with a good quality mic too, easily the price of the Hit Kit itself. For Windows and OS X.

### Free and Open Source

* Audacity: Released under GNU. As many audio tracks as your computer can handle, and have lots of effects and plugin. For Windows, OS X, Linux, BSD, and Solaris.
* Ardour: Released under GNU. 64 audio tracks and 16 MIDI tracks available. For Linux and OS X
* Dyne:bolic Multimedia oriented LiveCD Linux that includes Audacity, Ardour, drum machine, and audio streaming engine, as well as tools to edit videos. Version 1.4.1 Can run on any 586+ PC (with CD reader) with 64mb RAM and X-Box; version 2.2 can run on most computer made within last 2 years.
I would recommend Audacity if possible. Yes, I do know that Audacity is not perfect, and many commercial software ARE better. However, there are a few reasons why I would recommend Audacity:
* It's free and libre, and suitable for home recording... and semi-professional graded too if needed
* It can be used for any operating system, not just Windows or Linux or Mac. This allow any computers that have Audacity program to open Audacity project files, without the need for a Live CD (which is useless on a Mac, as far as i know).
Get version 1.3.2b. for the most part, it is stable enough. The user manual for Audacity is located at here.

## Seting up

* Get Audacity 1.3.2b here, and install it.
* Get LAME ver. 3.97 release here. Get the bundle version.
* Extract the lame_enc.dll from the Bundle, and place it inside the Audacity folder.
# Sound Synthesis Theory
## Contents

Introduction
A Foundations
1. Sound in the Time Domain
2. Sound in the Digital Domain
3. Time-domain Analysis
4. Frequency-domain Analysis
B Synthesis
5. Oscillators and Wavetables
6. Additive Synthesis
7. Subtractive Synthesis
8. Modulation Synthesis
9. FM Synthesis
10. Physical Modelling
11. Granular Synthesis
12. Vocal / Formant Synthesis
13. Sampling / PCM Synthesis
C Appendices
i. Synthesis Software and Tools
ii. Links and Bibliography

## Special Pages

* Book Policy
* Page Listing

## Authors

Damien Karras