# Flora of New York/Orchidaceae

| ← Dioscoreales & Liliales | Flora of New York — Asparagales (1) Orchidaceae | Flora of New York — Asparagales (1) Orchidaceae | Flora of New York — Asparagales (1) Orchidaceae | Flora of New York — Asparagales (1) Orchidaceae | → Asparagales (2) Hypoxidaceae, Iridaceae, Asphodelaceae |
| ← Dioscoreales & Liliales | Table of contents | Genus index | Protected species index | Invasive species index | → Asparagales (2) Hypoxidaceae, Iridaceae, Asphodelaceae |
| Superorder | Order | Family | Subfamily | Tribe | Genus | Common names | # |
| lilioid monocots | Dioscoreales | Nartheciaceae | — | — | Aletris | colic root | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Dioscoreales | Nartheciaceae | — | — | Narthecium | asphodel | x |
| lilioid monocots | Dioscoreales | Dioscoreaceae | Dioscoreoideae | — | Dioscorea | yam | 2 |
| lilioid monocots | Liliales | Colchicaceae | — | Uvularieae | Uvularia | bellwort | 4 |
| lilioid monocots | Liliales | Colchicaceae | — | Colchiceae | Colchium | autumn crocus | x |
| lilioid monocots | Liliales | Melanthiaceae | — | Melanthieae | Melanthium | bunchflower | 2 |
| lilioid monocots | Liliales | Melanthiaceae | — | Melanthieae | Veratrum | false hellebore | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Liliales | Melanthiaceae | — | Melanthieae | Anticlea | death camas | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Liliales | Melanthiaceae | — | Melanthieae | Amianthium | fly poison | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Liliales | Melanthiaceae | — | Melanthieae | Stenanthium | featherbells | 6 |
| lilioid monocots | Liliales | Melanthiaceae | — | Heloniadeae | Helonias | swamp pink | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Liliales | Melanthiaceae | — | Chionographideae | Chamaelirium | fairywand, devil's bit | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Liliales | Melanthiaceae | — | Parideae | Trillium | trillium, wake-robin | 7 |
| lilioid monocots | Liliales | Smilacaceae | — | — | Smilax | greenbrier | 7 |
| lilioid monocots | Liliales | Liliaceae | Calochortoideae | — | Streptopus | twisted stalk | 2 |
| lilioid monocots | Liliales | Liliaceae | Calochortoideae | — | Prosartes | fairy bells | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Liliales | Liliaceae | Medeoloideae | — | Clintonia | bluebead | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Liliales | Liliaceae | Medeoloideae | — | Medeola | Indian cucumber | 2 |
| lilioid monocots | Liliales | Liliaceae | Lilioideae | Tulipeae | Tulipa | wild tulip | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Liliales | Liliaceae | Lilioideae | Lilieae | Erythronium | trout lily | 2 |
| lilioid monocots | Liliales | Liliaceae | Lilioideae | Lilieae | Lilium | lily | 6 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Orchidaceae | Vanilloideae | Pogonieae | Pogonia | snakemouth orchid | 3 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Orchidaceae | Vanilloideae | Pogonieae | Isotria | fiveleaf orchid | 3 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Orchidaceae | Cypripedioideae | — | Cypripedium | lady's slipper | 7 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Orchidaceae | Epidendroideae | Neottieae | Epipactis | helleborine | 2 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Orchidaceae | Epidendroideae | Neottieae | Neottia | twayblade | 4 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Orchidaceae | Epidendroideae | Triphoreae | Triphora | noddingcaps | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Orchidaceae | Epidendroideae | Arethuseae | Arethusa | dragon's mouth | 2 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Orchidaceae | Epidendroideae | Malaxideae | Liparis | widelip-orchid | 2 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Orchidaceae | Epidendroideae | Malaxideae | Malaxis | adder's-mouth-orchid | 3 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Orchidaceae | Epidendroideae | Maxillarieae | Corallorhiza | coralroot | 6 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Orchidaceae | Epidendroideae | Maxillarieae | Aplectrum | Adam and Eve | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Orchidaceae | Epidendroideae | Calypsoeae | Calypso | fairy slipper | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Orchidaceae | Epidendroideae | Calypsoeae | Tipularia | cranefly orchid | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Orchidaceae | Orchidoideae | Orchideae | Amerorchis | roundleaf orchis | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Orchidaceae | Orchidoideae | Orchideae | Coeloglossum | frog-orchid | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Orchidaceae | Orchidoideae | Orchideae | Galearis | galearis | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Orchidaceae | Orchidoideae | Orchideae | Platanthera | fringed-orchid | 18 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Orchidaceae | Orchidoideae | Cranichideae | Goodyera | rattlesnake-plantain | 3 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Orchidaceae | Orchidoideae | Cranichideae | Spiranthes | ladies'-tresses | 14 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Hypoxidaceae | — | — | Hypoxis | eastern yellow stargrass | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Iridaceae | Iridoideae | Irideae | Iris | iris | 10 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Iridaceae | Iridoideae | Sisyrinchieae | Sisyrinchium | blue-eyed grass | 7 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Iridaceae | Crocoideae | Ixiae | Crocus | crocus | 4 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Asphodelaceae | Hemerocallidoieae | Hemerocallideae | Hemerocallis | daylily | 2 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Amaryllidaceae | Allioideae | Allieae | Allium | garlic, onion, leek, chives | 14 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Amaryllidaceae | Amaryllidoideae | Narcisseae | Narcissus | daffodil | 4 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Amaryllidaceae | Amaryllidoideae | Galantheae | Galanthus | snowdrop | 2 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Amaryllidaceae | Amaryllidoideae | Galantheae | Leucojum | snowflake | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Asparagaceae | Scilloideae | Ornithogaleae | Ornithogalum | star-of-Bethlehem | 2 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Asparagaceae | Scilloideae | Hyacintheae | Chionodoxa | glory of the snow | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Asparagaceae | Scilloideae | Hyacintheae | Hyacinthoides | English-bluebell | 2 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Asparagaceae | Scilloideae | Hyacintheae | Muscari | grape-hyacinth | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Asparagaceae | Scilloideae | Hyacintheae | Scilla | squill | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Asparagaceae | Agavoideae | Agaveae | Yucca | Adam's needle | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Asparagaceae | Agavoideae | Agaveae | Hosta | plantain lily | 4 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Asparagaceae | Agavoideae | Agaveae | Camassia | Atlantic camas | 0 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Asparagaceae | Asparagoideae | — | Asparagus | asparagus | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Asparagaceae | Nolinoideae | Convallarieae | Convallaria | lily-of-the-valley | 2 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Asparagaceae | Nolinoideae | Polygonateae | Maianthemum | mayflower | 4 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Asparagaceae | Nolinoideae | Polygonateae | Polygonatum | Solomon's-seal | 3 |
* The classification scheme used here for the order Asparagales is from P.F. Stevens, (2001-2015). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, April 2015. - University of Missouri, St Louis, and Missouri Botanical Garden.

##### intro

* Orchidaceae
* Apostasioideae
* Vanilloideae
* Vanilleae
* Pogonieae
* Pogonia ophioglossoides (rose pogonia)
* Isotria (2 whorled pogonia taxa)
* Cypripedioideae
* Cypripedium (8 lady's slipper taxa)
* Orchidoideae
* Cranichideae
* Goodyerinae
* Goodyera (3 rattlesnake-plantain taxa)
* Spiranthinae
* Spiranthes (15 ladies’ tresses taxa)
* Diurideae
* Codonorchideae
* Orchideae - Orchidinae
* Dactylorhiza viridis (long-bract frog orchid)
* Galearis spectabilis (showy orchid)
* Amerorchis rotundifolia (round-leaved orchid)
* Platanthera (18 fringed orchid taxa)
* Epidendroideae
* Neottieae
* Neottia (4 twayblade taxa)
* Epipactis helleborine (weed orchid)
* Sobralieae
* Wullschlaegelieae
* Thaieae
* Triphoreae
* Triphora trianthophoros (nodding pogonia)
* Xerorchideae
* Gastrodieae
* Nervilieae
* Tropidieae
* Arethuseae
* Arethusa bulbosa (dragon’s mouth)
* Calopogon tuberosus (grass pink)
* Malaxideae -
* Malaxidinae
* Liparis (2 wide lip orchid taxa)
* Malaxis (3 adder’s mouth taxa)
* Collabieae
* Podochileae
* Vandeae
* Cymbidieae
* Epidendreae -
* Calypsoinae
* Corallorhiza (6 coral-root taxa)
* Aplectrum hyemale (puttyroot, Adam & Eve)
* Calypso bulbosa (fairy slipper)
* Tipularia discolor (cranefly orchid)

## Family Orchidaceae

* The Orchidaceae (orchid family) has about 20 genera with close to 70 taxa growing outside of cultivation in New York.
* The organization used here is based on Chase et al. (2015)
* ↑ Orchidaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.
* ↑ Mark W. Chase, Kenneth M. Cameron, John V. Freudenstein, Alec M. Pridgeon, Gerardo Salazar, Cássio van den Berg, André Schuiteman, An updated classification of Orchidaceae, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 177, Issue 2, February 2015, Pages 151–174.

### Subfamily Vanilloideae

The Vanilloideae ...

#### Tribe Pogonieae
##### Pogonia

* Pogonia ophioglossoides rose pogonia
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Vanilloideae — Pogonieae :
| Genus Pogonia | Pogonia | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Pogonia ophioglossoides (L.) Ker Gawl.1753. Arethusa ophioglossoides  L. 1816. Pogonia ophioglossoides  Ker Gawl. 1921. Pogonia ophioglossoides  var. brachypogon  Fernald | Rose pogonia, Snakemouth orchid, Snake-mouth orchidPogonie langue-de-serpent, Pogonie à langue de serpent | Native, Likely secure, CITES II OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies |

##### Isotria

* Isotria verticillata large whorled pogonia
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Vanilloideae — Pogonieae :
| Genus Isotria Raf. (1808) | Fiveleaf orchid | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Isotria verticillata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Raf.1805. Arethusa verticillata  Muhl. ex Willd. 1808. Isotria verticillata  Raf. 1818. Pogonia verticillata  Nutt. | Large whorled pogonia, Large whorled pogonia orchid, Purple five-leaved orchid, Purple fiveleaf orchidIsotrie verticillée, Grande pogonie verticillée | Native, Vulnerable, DEC-D, CITES II | NYFA: 3-4 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Isotria medeoloides (Pursh) Raf.1813. Arethusa medeoloides  Pursh 1838. Isotria medeoloides  (Pursh) Raf. 1867. Pogonia affinis  Austin ex A.Gray | Small whorled pogonia | Native, Endangered, DEC-A | NYFA: Z | USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (d) Exploitably vulnerable. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ||||||

### Subfamily Cypripedioideae

* Cypripedioideae distribution mapThe Cypripedioideae consists of the lady's slipper orchids in the genera Cypripedium, Mexipedium, Paphiopedilum, Phragmipedium and Selenipedium. Of these, only Cypripedium species are native or naturalized in New York State (and much of the temperate northern hemisphere.

#### Cypripedium

* The genus Cypripedium contains about 60 taxa worldwide. Seven of these are native to New York State.

##### Cypripedium subg. Cypripedium

* Cypripedium subgenus Cypripedium contains 3 sections of native lady' slippers.
* pink lady's slipper (sect. Acaulia),
* yellow lady's slippers (sect. Cypripedium), and
* ram's head lady's slipper (sect. Arietinum).

###### Cypripedium subg. Cypripedium sect. Acaulia

* Cypripedium acaulePink lady's slipper (sect. Acaulia)
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Cypripedioideae — Cypripedium subg. Cypripedium sect. Acaulia :
| Genus Cypripedium subg. Cypripedium sect. Acaulia | Lady's-slipper | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Cypripedium acaule Aiton1768. Cypripedium hirsutum  Mill. in… 1789. Cypripedium acaule  Aiton in… 1791. Cypripedium humile  Salisb. in… 1903. Fissipes acaulis  (Aiton) Small in… 1913. Calceolus hirsutus  (Mill.) Nieuwl. in… 1917. Fissipes hirsuta  (Mill.) Farw. in… 1920. Fissipes acaulis  f. lancifolia  House  ... 1938. Fissipes hirsuta  f. albiflora  (E.L.Rand & Redfield) Farw.  ... 1995. Cypripedium acaule  f. biflorum  P.M.Br.  ... | Pink lady's-slipper, Moccasin flower, Stemless lady’s-slipperCypripède acaule, Cypripède rose, Sabot de la Vierge | Native, CoC: 5, Likely secure FACW | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |

###### Cypripedium subg. Cypripedium sect. Cypripedium

* Cypripedium parviflorumYellow lady's slippers (sect. Cypripedium)
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Cypripedioideae — Cypripedium subg. Cypripedium sect. Cypripedium :
| Genus Cypripedium subg. Cypripedium sect. Cypripedium | Lady's-slipper | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. makasin (Farw.) Sheviak1918. Cypripedium makasin  Farw. 1918. Cypripedium pubescens  var. makasin  Farw. 1993. Cypripedium parviflorum  var. makasin  (Farw.) Sheviak | Northern yellow lady's slipper, Greater yellow lady's slipper, Small yellow lady's slipperCypripède mocassin | Native, Likely secure | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. pubescens (Willd.) O.W.Knight1804. Cypripedium pubescens  Willd. 1906. Cypripedium parviflorum  var. pubescens  O.W.Knight 1938. Cypripedium calceolus  var. pubescens  Correll | Greater yellow lady's slipper, Large yellow lady's slipperCypripède pubescent, Cypripède jaune   variété à pétales plats | Native, Vulnerable | NYFA: 3 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. parviflorum1791. Cypripedium parviflorum  Salisb. 1913. Calceolus parviflorus  (Salisb.) Nieuwl. 1946. Cypripedium calceolus  var. parviflorum  (Salisb.) Fernald 1968. Cypripedium calceolus  ssp. parviflorum  (Salisb.) Hultén | Small yellow lady's-slipper | Native, Endangered | NYFA: Z | USDA-N0 Go Botany FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Cypripedium candidum Muhl. ex Willd.1805. Cypripedium candidum  Muhl. ex Willd. 1913. Calceolus candidus  (Muhl. ex Willd.) Nieuwl. | Small white lady's slipper, White lady's slipper | Native, Endangered | NYFA: 1 | USDA-NN BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Cypripedium calceolus L.1753. Cypripedium calceolus  L. | Eurasian lady's-slipper | Introduced from  Eurasia, N.Y. excluded | NYFA-Excluded NYFA: excluded 0 counties | Kew WCSP Images Wikispecies |

###### Cypripedium subg. Cypripedium sect. Arietinum

* Cypripedium arietinumRam's head lady's slipper (Cypripedium arietinum) is listed as threatened in New York State.
* ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Cypripedium arietinum. Jan. 13, 2024.
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Cypripedioideae — Cypripedium subg. Cypripedium sect. Arietinum :
| Genus Cypripedium subg. Cypripedium sect. Arietinum | Lady's-slipper | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Cypripedium arietinum R.Br.1813. Cypripedium arietinum  R.Br. in… 1818. Criosanthes borealis  Raf. in… 1833. Arietinum americanum  L.C.Beck in… 1905. Criosanthes arietina  (R.Br.) House in… 1923. Cypripedium arietinum  f. albiflorum  House  ... 1995. Cypripedium arietinum  f. biflorum  P.M.Br. ... | Ram's head lady's slipper, Ram's headCypripède tête-de-bélier | Native, CoC: 9, Threatened, S2, G3 FACW Perennial, Herb | | NYFA: 2 NYFA: 13 counties iNat 4 counties | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNAFNA BONAP Images Wikispecies |

##### Cypripedium subg. Irapeana

* Cypripedium reginaeCypripedium subgenus Irapeana section Irapeana contains the showy lady's slipper (Cypripedium reginae).
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Cypripedioideae — Cypripedium subg. Irapeana :
| Genus Cypripedium subg. Irapeana sect. Obtusiflora | Lady's-slipper | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Cypripedium reginae Walter1788. Cypripedium reginae  Walter 1913. Calceolus reginae  (Walter) Nieuwl., | Showy lady's-slipper, Pink-and-white lady's-slipper, Queen's lady's-slipperCypripède royal | Native, Vulnerable FACW | | NYFA: 3 | USDA-NN Go Botany FNA BONAP Images Wikispecies |

### Subfamily Orchidoideae
#### Tribe Cranichideae
##### Subtribe Goodyerinae
###### Goodyera

* Goodyera pubescensOf the four North American (north of Mexico) rattlesnake plantains (Goodyera spp.), probably three are found in New York.
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Cranichideae — Goodyerinae — Goodyera :
| Genus Goodyera | Rattlesnake plantain | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R.Br.1805. Neottia pubescens  Willd. in… 1813. Goodyera pubescens  R.Br. in… 1891. Orchiodes pubescens  (Willd.) Kuntze in… 1893. Peramium pubescens  (Willd.) Curtiss ex Small & Vail in… 1900. Peramium tesselatum  A.Heller in… 1908. Epipactis pubescens  (Willd.) A.A.Eaton in… 1910. Epipactis willdenovii  House in… | Downy rattlesnake-plantainGoodyérie pubescente | Native, CoC: 8, Likely secure, S4-S5, G5 FACU Perennial, Herb, 2n = 26. | NYFA: 4-5 NYFA: ? counties iNat ? counties | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Goodyera repens (L.) R.Br.1753. Satyrium repens  L. in… 1813. Goodyera repens  (L.) R.Br. in… 1899. Goodyera repens  var. ophioides  Fernald  in… 1901. Peramium ophioides  Rydb. in… 1931. Goodyera ophioides  (Fernald) Rydb. in… | Dwarf rattlesnake-plantain, Lesser rattlesnake-plantainGoodyérie rampante | Native, CoC: 9, Likely secure, S4-S5, G5 FACU Perennial, Herb, 2n = 30 | NYFA: 4-5 NYFA: ? counties iNat GBIF 5 counties | USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Goodyera tesselata G.Lodd.  Goodyera oblongifolia ×   Goodyera repens1824. Goodyera tesselata  G.Lodd. in… 1891. Orchiodes tesselatum  (G.Lodd.) Kuntze in… 1908. Epipactis tesselata  (G.Lodd.) A.A.Eaton in… 1979. Goodyera repens  var. tesselata  (G.Lodd.) B.Boivin  in… | Checkered rattlesnake plantain, Tesselated rattlesnake-plantain, Loddiges' rattlesnake-plantainGoodyérie panachée | Native, CoC: 8, Likely secure, S4 FACU Perennial, Herb, 2n = 45, 60 | NYFA: 4 NYFA: 26 counties iNat 14 counties | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany VASCAN FNAFNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Goodyera oblongifolia Raf.1833. Goodyera oblongifolia  Raf. 1908. Epipactis decipiens  Benth. 1923. Goodyera decipiens  Hubbard | Western rattlesnake plantain, Giant rattlesnake plantainGoodyérie à feuilles oblongues | Native, Unranked, 2n = 30 | NYFA: D NYFA: Not listed iNat Upper Great Lakes | Go Botany Images Wikispecies |

##### Subtribe Spiranthinae
###### Spiranthes cernua complex

* Spiranthes cernua Nodding ladies'-tressesMorphologically, the species of the Spiranthes cernua complex are known to be quite variable within species but relatively similar from one species to another. Recent molecular phylogenetic research has redefined this group by moving some species in or out, confirming hybrid origins, and adding newly published species.
* ↑ Matthew C. Pace, Kenneth M. Cameron (2017) "The Systematics of the Spiranthes cernua Species Complex (Orchidaceae): Untangling the Gordian Knot," Systematic Botany, American Society of Plant Taxonomists, Vol. 42, No. 4, December 2017, pp. 640-669(30). https://doi.org/10.1600/036364417X696537
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Cranichideae — Spiranthes :
| Genus Spiranthes | Ladies' tresses | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Spiranthes cernua (L.) Rich.1753. Ophrys cernua L. 1800. Neottia cernua (L.) Willd. 1817. Spiranthes cernua (L.) Rich. 1891. Gyrostachys cernua (L.) Kuntze 1905. Ibidium cernuum (L.) House 1913. Triorchis cernua (L.) Nieuwl. | Nodding lady's tresses, Nodding ladies'-tressesSpiranthe penchée, Spiranthe cernuée | Native, CoC: 2, Likely secure FACW Perennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Spiranthes ochroleuca (Rydb.) Rydb.1901. Gyrostachys ochroleuca Rydb. 1905. Spiranthes cernua  var. ochroleuca  Ames 1932. Spiranthes ochroleuca Rydb. 1941. Spiranthes × steigeri Correll | Yellow ladies'-tresses ⓘ Yellow nodding ladies'-tresses ⓘ Spiranthe jaunâtre ⓘ | Native, CoC: 7, Secure N. R. Perennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Spiranthes casei Catling & Cruise var. casei1974. Spiranthes casei Catling & Cruise 1981. Spiranthes casei  var. casei  Catling (autonym)  auct. Spiranthes × intermedia non Ames  auct. Spiranthes vernalis non Engelm & A.Gray | Case's ladies'-tressesSpiranthe de Case | Native, CoC: 2, Threatened N. R. Perennial, Herb-forb | Clinton, Cortland, Essex, Franklin, Genesee, Hamilton, Herkimer, Jefferson, Lewis, St.Lawrence, Wyoming NYFA: 3-4 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Spiranthes magnicamporum Sheviak1973. Spiranthes magnicamporum  Sheviak | Great Plains ladies'-tresses, Great Plains lady's-tresses | Native, CoC: 8, Endangered, CITES-II FACU Perennial, Herb-forb | Jefferson, St. Lawrence NYFA: 1 | USDA-NN FNA NatureServe BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Spiranthes incurva (Jenn.) M.C.Pace  Spiranthes cernua (s.s.) ×   Spiranthes magnicamporum2017. Spiranthes incurva  (Jenn.) M.C.Pace | Sphinx ladies’ tresses, Ancient hybrid of  Nodding ladies’ tresses &  Great Plains ladies'-tresses | Native, Unranked, Herb-forb | Fulton, Hamilton, Oswego NYFA: NU | Images Wikispecies |
| Spiranthes arcisepala M.C. Pace2017. Spiranthes arcisepala M.C.Pace | Appalachian ladies’ tresses ⓘ | Native, Unranked | Delaware, Hamilton NYFA: NU | Images Wikispecies |
| Spiranthes ovalis Lindl. var. erostellata Catling1840. Spiranthes ovalis  Lindl. 1983. Spiranthes ovalis  var. erostellata  Catling | October ladies’ tresses | Native, Endangered, Herb-forb | St. Lawrence only NYFA: 1 | USDA-NN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

###### Spiranthes outside of cernua complex

* Spiranthes lucida
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Cranichideae — Spiranthes :
| Genus Spiranthes | Ladies' tresses | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Spiranthes lucida (H.H.Eaton) Ames1832. Neottia lucida H.H.Eaton 1833. Spiranthes plantaginea (Raf.) Raf. 1905. Ibidium plantagineum (Raf.) House 1908. Spiranthes lucida (H.H.Eaton) Ames | Shining ladies'-tresses, Wide-leaved ladies'-tressesSpiranthe lustrée, Spiranthe brillante | Native, CoC: 4, Secure FACW Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Spiranthes romanzoffiana Cham.1828. Spiranthes romanzoffiana Cham. 1900. Gyrostachys stricta Rydb. 1905. Ibidium strictum House 1909. Spiranthes stricta A.Nelson | Hooded ladies'-tresses, Irish lady's-tressesSpiranthe de Romanzoff | Native, CoC: 8, Likely secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos BONAP IPN Images Wikispecies |
| Spiranthes lacera (Raf.) Raf.var. lacera1818. Neottia lacera Raf. 1833. Spiranthes lacera (Raf.) Raf. | Northern   slender ladies'-tresses, Northern   slender lady's tressesSpiranthe découpée, Spiranthe lacérée | Native, CoC: 5, Likely secure Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Spiranthes lacera (Raf.) Raf.var. gracilis (Bigelow) Luer1824. Neottia gracilis  Bigelow 1833. Spiranthes gracilis  (Bigelow) L.C.Beck 1840. Spiranthes beckii  Lindl. 1905. Ibidium gracile  (Bigelow) House 1906. Ibidium beckii  House 1975. Spiranthes lacera  var. gracilis  (Bigelow) Luer | Southern   slender ladies'-tresses, Slender lady's tressesSpiranthe grêle, Spiranthe gracile | Native, CoC: 5, Unranked FAC-FACU Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 3-4 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Spiranthes tuberosa Raf.1833. Spiranthes tuberosa  Raf. 1904. Spiranthes grayi  Ames 1867. Spiranthes simplex  A.Gray 1946. Spiranthes tuberosa  var. grayi  (Ames) Fernald | Little ladies'-tresses, Little lady's tressesSpiranthe | Native, CoC: 10, Very vulnerable Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 3 | USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Spiranthes vernalis Engelm. & A.Gray1845. Spiranthes vernalis  Engelm. & A.Gray 1891. Gyrostachys vernalis  Kuntze 1905. Ibidium vernale  House 1908. Spiranthes sinensis  (Pers.) Ames | Twisted ladies'-tresses, Spring ladies'-tresses, Spring lady's tresses, Upland ladiestressesSpiranthe | Native, CoC: 7, Especially vulnerable, NYNHP: S1S2 FAC Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 1 | Go Botany ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Spiranthes (excluded taxa) | Ladies' tresses | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Spiranthes praecox (Walter) S. Watson1788. Limodorum praecox  Walter 1890. Spiranthes praecox  (Walter) S. Watson 1906. Ibidium praecox  (Walter) House 1913. Triorchis praecox  (Walter) Nieuwl. | Greenvein lady's tresses | N. America native, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-N0 FNA IPN Images Wikispecies |
| Spiranthes × simpsonii Catling & Sheviak  S. lacera var. lacera ×   S. romanzoffiana | | Native, No reports | | | FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Spiranthes × eamesii P.M.Brown  S. lacera var. gracilis ×   S. tuberosa | | Native, No reports | | | Images Wikispecies |
| Spiranthes × ‌intermedia Ames  S. lacera var. gracilis ×   S. vernalis | | Native, No reports | | | Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2019. Online Conservation Guide for Spiranthes vernalis. Available from: https://guides.nynhp.org/spring-ladies-tresses/. Accessed May 7, 2019. ||||||

#### Tribe Orchideae
##### Dactylorhiza

* Dactylorhiza viridisMolecular studies have shown that Coeloglossum is embedded within a monophyletic Dactylorhiza clade, prompting Coeloglossum viride to be transferred to Dactylorhiza viridis by R. M. Bateman et al. 1997, even though morphologic differences are apparent.
* The 2022 New York Rare Plant Status List shows Coeloglossum viride. Long-bracted Orchid. G5. S1S2. E (endangered).
* ↑ Charles J. Sheviak, Paul M. Catling (2020). Coeloglossum viride. FNA Volume 26. Flora of North America Association. 5 November 2020.
* ↑ Ring, Richard M. New York Rare Plant Status Lists. New York Natural Heritage Program, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Albany, NY. December 2022. 108 pp.
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Orchideae — Dactylorhiza :
| Genus Dactylorhiza | Frog orchid | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Dactylorhiza viridis (L.) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase1753. Satyrium viride  L. in… 1769. Orchis viridis  (L.) Crantz in… 1813. Habenaria viridis  (L.) R.Br. in… 1813. Habenaria bracteata  (Muhl. ex Willd.) R.Br. in… 1820. Coeloglossum viride  (L.) Hartm. in… 1827. Chamorchis viridis  (L.) Dumort. in… 1829. Platanthera viridis  (L.) Lindl. in… 1830. Himantoglossum viride  (L.) Rchb. in… 1850. Coeloglossum bracteatum  (Muhl. ex Willd.) Parl. ex Willd. in… 1975. Coeloglossum viride  var. virescens  (Muhl. ex Willd.) Luer  in… 1997. Dactylorhiza viridis  (L.) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase in… 2013. Dactylorhiza viridis  var. virescens  (Muhl. ex Willd.) Baumbach in… | Frog orchid ⓘ Long-bracted orchid ⓘ Frog-orchis ⓘ Longbract frog orchid Long-bract green orchis Long-bracted green orchid ⓘ | Native, CoC: 9, Endangered, S1-S2, G5 FAC-FACU Perennial, Herb | | NYFA: 4 NYFA: ? counties iNat Hamilton 2016-18 | USDA-NN COL Go Botany FNAFNA LBJ Images Wikispecies |

##### Galearis

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Orchideae — Galearis :
| Genus Galearis Raf. | Galearis | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Galearis spectabilis (L.) Raf.1753. Orchis spectabilis  L. 1826. Habenaria spectabilis  Spreng. 1833. Galearis spectabilis  Raf. 1901. Galeorchis spectabilis  Rydb. | Showy orchid, Showy orchis | Native, Likely secure | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

##### Amerorchis

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Orchideae — Amerorchis :
| Genus Amerorchis | Amerorchis | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Amerorchis rotundifolia (Banks ex Pursh) Hultén1814. Orchis rotundifolia  Banks ex Pursh 1966. Ponerorchis rotundifolia  Soó 1968. Amerorchis rotundifolia  Hultén 2009. Galearis rotundifolia  R.M.Bateman | Round-leaved orchis | Native, Likely extirpated | | NYFA: Z | USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies |

##### Platanthera

* The grouping used here for the Platanthera species is based primarily on Argue (2012).
* ↑ Charles L. Argue (2012) The Pollination Biology of North American Orchids: Volume 1. pp. 81-179.

###### Platanthera: Limnorchis group

* Platanthera dilatata white bog orchid, bog candle
* ↑ Argue C.L. (2012) Limnorchis Group. In: The Pollination Biology of North American Orchids: Volume 1. pp 87-107. Springer, New York, NY
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Orchideae — Platanthera — Limnorchis group :
| Genus Platanthera Limnorchis group | Fringed orchid | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Platanthera aquilonis Sheviak1753. Orchis hyperborea  L. s.l.p.p. 1813. Habenaria hyperborea  (L.) R.Br. s.l.p.p. 1835. Platanthera hyperborea  (L.) Lindl. s.l.p.p. 1900. Limnorchis hyperborea  (L.) Rydb. s.l.p.p. 1989. Platanthera hyperborea  f. alba  M.H.S.Light 1999. Platanthera aquilonis  Sheviak 2008. Limnorchis aquilonis  (Sheviak) Rebrist. & Elven 2009. Limnorchis aquilonis  f. alba  (M.H.S.Light) P.M.Br., S.L.Stewart & Gamarra | Northern green orchid, Tall northern green orchid, North wind bog-orchid, Eagle rein orchid, Sheviak's bog orchidPlatanthère du Nord | Native, Likely secure Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Platanthera dilatata var. dilatata (Pursh) Lindl. ex L.C.Beck1814. Orchis dilatata Pursh 1825. Habenaria dilatata (Pursh) Hook. 1833. P. dilatata Lindl. ex L.C.Beck 1839. P. dilatata Hook. 1901. Limnorchis dilatata (Pursh) Rydb. | Bog-candle, Scent-bottle, White bog-orchid, White northern bog-orchid, Tall white bog orchidPlatanthère dilatée | Native, Likely secure Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos IPN Images Wikispecies |
| Platanthera huronensis (Nutt.) Lindl.1818. Orchis huronensis Nutt. 1826. Platanthera huronensis (Nutt.) Spreng. 1835. Habenaria huronensis (Nutt.) Lindl. 1901. Limnorchis × media Rydb. 1904. Habenaria × media (Rydb.) G.G.Niles 1923. Habenaria hyperborea Farw. 1975. Platanthera × media (Rydb.) Luer 1975. Platanthera hyperborea  var. huronensis  Luer | Huron green orchid, Lake Huron green orchid, Lake Huron green bog-orchid, Fragrant green orchid, Intermediate bog orchid, Northern green bog orchidPlatanthère du lac Huron | Native, Likely secure | | NYFA: 4 | Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Platanthera aquilonis × dilatata  Platanthera aquilonis ×   Platanthera dilatata | Hybrid of  Northern green orchid &  Bog-candle | Native, Not reported Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: D | Images Wikispecies |
| Platanthera dilatata × huronensis  Platanthera dilatata ×   Platanthera huronensis | Hybrid of  Bog-candle &  Huron green orchid | Native, Not reported Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: D | Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Platanthera Limnorchis group (excluded taxa) | Fringed orchid | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Platanthera hyperborea (L.) Lindl.1767. Orchis hyperborea  L. 1813. Habenaria hyperborea  (L.) R. Br. 1900. Limnorchis hyperborea  (L.) Rydb. 1835. Platanthera hyperborea  (L.) Lindl. | Northern green orchid | Introduced, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-00 ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

###### Platanthera: Flava group

* Platanthera flava var herbiolaThe two varieties of Platanthera flava (palegreen orchid) are native to eastern North America with Platanthera flava var. flava found in the southern part of the species range and Platanthera flava var. herbiola found in the northern part of the range, which includes New York State.
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Orchideae — Platanthera — Flava group :
| Genus Platanthera Flava group | Fringed orchid | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Platanthera flava (L.) Lindl. var. herbiola (R.Br.) Luer1813. Habenaria herbiola  R.Br. 1943. Habenaria flava  var. herbiola  (R.Br.) Ames & Correll 1975. Platanthera flava  var. herbiola  (R.Br.) Luer | Palegreen orchid, Pale green orchid, Northern tubercled bog-orchid | Native, Likely secure | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Platanthera Flava group (excluded taxa) | Fringed orchid | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Platanthera flava (L.) Lindl. var. flava1753. Orchis flava  L. 1826. Habenaria flava  (L.) R.Br. 1835. Platanthera flava  (L.) Lindl. 1901. Perularia flava  (L.) Rydb. 1973. Tulotis flava  (L.) Senghas | Palegreen orchid | N. America native, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-NN FNA Images Wikispecies |

###### Platanthera: Platanthera group

* Platanthera obtusata is pollinated by mosquitoes.
* ↑ Go Botany (3.9), 2023 Native Plant Trust
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Orchideae — Platanthera — Platanthera group :
| Genus Platanthera Platanthera group | Fringed orchid | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Platanthera orbiculata (Pursh) Lindl.1814. Orchis orbiculata  Pursh 1826. Habenaria orbiculata  Torr. 1835. Platanthera menziesii  Lindl. 1835. Platanthera orbiculata  Lindl. 1901. Lysias orbiculata  (Pursh) Rydb. 1950. Habenaria orbiculata  var. lehorsii  Fernald 1950. Habenaria orbiculata  var. menziesii  Fernald 1977. Platanthera orbiculata  var. lehorsii  W.J.Schrenk | Lesser roundleaved orchid, Lesser roundleaved rein orchid, Small roundleaved orchid, Large round-leaved orchidPlatanthère à feuilles orbiculaires, Habénaire à feuilles orbiculaires | Native, Likely secure | NYFA: 4? | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Platanthera macrophylla (Goldie) P.M.Brown1822. Habenaria macrophylla  Goldie 1906. Lysias macrophylla  House 1929. Habenaria orbiculata  f. macrophylla  F.J.A.Morris & E.A.Eames 1967. Habenaria orbiculata  var. macrophylla  B.Boivin 1975. Platanthera orbiculata  var. macrophylla  Luer 1988. P. macrophylla  P.M.Brown | Greater round-leaved orchid, Large-leaved bog-orchid, Dinner plate orchid, Goldie's round-leaved orchidPlatanthère à grandes feuilles, Habénaire à grandes feuilles | Native, Likely secure | NYFA: 4? | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Platanthera obtusata (Banks ex Pursh) Lindl.1814. Orchis obtusata  Banks ex Pursh 1823. Habenaria obtusata  Richardson 1835. Platanthera obtusata  Lindl. 1900. Lysiella obtusata  Rydb. 1926. Habenaria obtusata  var. collectanea  Fernald | Small northern bog-orchid, Blunt-leaved orchid, Blunt-leaved bog-orchid, One-leaved rein orchidPlatanthère à feuille obtuse, Habénaire à feuille obtuse | Native, Likely secure | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Platanthera hookeri (Torr. ex A.Gray) Lindl.1835. Habenaria hookeri  Torr. ex A.Gray 1835. Habenaria hookeriana  Lindl. 1835. Platanthera hookeri  Lindl. 1870. Orchis hookeri  Alph. Wood 1901. Lysias hookeri  Rydb. 1901. Lysias hookeriana  Rydb. 1933. Habenaria hookeri  var. abbreviata  Fernald 1977. Platanthera hookeri  var. abbreviata  W.J.Schrenk | Hooker's orchidPlatanthère de Hooker, Habénaire de Hooker | Native, Endangered | NYFA: 1 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

###### Platanthera: Lacera group

* Platanthera psycodes lesser purple fringed orchid
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Orchideae — Platanthera — Lacera group :
| Genus Platanthera Lacera group | Fringed orchid | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Platanthera lacera (Michx.) G.Don1803. Orchis lacera  Michx. 1810. Habenaria lacera  R.Br. 1839. Platanthera lacera  G.Don 1900. Fimbriella lacera  Farw. 1901. Blephariglotis lacera  Farw. 1901. Blephariglottis lacera Farw. 1981. Fimbriella lacera  Butzin | Green fringed bog-orchid, Green fringed orchis, Ragged orchisPlatanthère lacérée, Habénaire lacérée | Native, Likely secure | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Platanthera psycodes (L.) Lindl.1753. Orchis psycodes  L. 1826. Habenaria psycodes  (L.) Spreng. 1835. P. psycodes  (L.) Llindl. 1981. Fimbriella psycodes  (L.) Butzin | Lesser purple fringed orchid, Lesser purple fringed bog-orchidPlatanthère papillon, Habénaire papillon, Habénaire frangée pourpre | Native, Likely secure | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Platanthera grandiflora (Bigelow) Lindl.1824. Orchis grandiflora  Bigelow 1835. Platanthera grandiflora  (Bigelow) Lindl. 1840. Habenaria psycodes  var. grandiflora  (Bigelow) A. Gray | Large purple fringed orchis, Greater purple fringed orchid | Native, Likely secure | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Platanthera leucophaea (Nutt.) Lindl.1835. Orchis leucophaea  Nutt. 1835. Platanthera leucophaea  Lindl. 1867. Habenaria leucophaea  A.Gray | Eastern prairie white fringed orchid, Eastern prairie white fringed bog-orchid | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, Likely extirpated FACW Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 1 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos FWS Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Platanthera Lacera group (excluded taxa) | Fringed orchid | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Platanthera peramoena1840. Habenaria peramoena  A.Gray 1848. Platanthera peramoena  (A.Gray) A.Gray 1901. Blephariglotis peramoena  (A.Gray) Rydb. | Purple fringeless orchid | N. America native, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-N0 FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Platanthera × andrewsii  Platanthera lacera ×   Platanthera psycodes | Fringed orchid, Hybrid of  Green fringed orchis &  Lesser purple fringed orchid | Native, Not listed | | NYFA: 0 | USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |
| Platanthera × hollandiae P.M.Catling & Brownell  Platanthera lacera ×   Platanthera leucophaea | Fringed orchid, Hybrid of  Green fringed orchis &  Eastern prairie    white fringed orchid | Native, No reports | | NYFA: 0 | USDA-0N VASCAN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Platanthera × keenanii P.M.Brown  Platanthera grandiflora ×   Platanthera lacera | Hybrid of  Large purple fringed orchis &  Green fringed bog-orchid | Native, No reports | | NYFA: D | Go Botany Images Wikispecies |

###### Platanthera: Blephariglottis group

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Orchideae — Platanthera — Blephariglottis group :
| Genus Platanthera Blephariglottis group | Fringed orchid | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Platanthera blephariglottis (Willd.) Lindl.var. blephariglottis1805. Orchis blephariglottis  Willd. 1824. Habenaria blepharoglottis  Hook. 1835. Platanthera blephariglottis  Lindl. 1836. Blephariglottis albiflora  Raf. 1901. Blephariglottis blephariglottis  Rydb. | White fringed orchis, White fringed bog orchidPlatanthère à gorge frangée, Habénaire à gorge frangée, Habénaire frangée blanche | Native, Likely secure | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Platanthera clavellata | Small green woodland orchid | Native, Likely secure | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Platanthera ciliaris (L.) Lindl.1753. Orchis ciliaris  L. 1813. Habenaria ciliaris  (L.) R.Br. 1835. Platanthera ciliaris  (L.) Lindl. 1901. Blephariglottis ciliaris  (L.) Rydb. 1901. Blephariglotis ciliaris  (L.) Rydb.* | Yellow fringed orchid, Orange fringed bog orchidPlatanthère ciliée, Habénaire ciliée | Native, Endangered FACW Perennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: 1 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Platanthera cristata | Yellow crested orchis | Native, Endangered | NYFA: 1 | Images Wikispecies |
| Platanthera × bicolor  Platanthera blephariglottis ×   Platanthera ciliaris | Fringed orchid, Hybrid of  White fringed orchid &  Yellow fringed orchid | Native | | Images Wikispecies |
| Platanthera × canbyi  Platanthera blephariglottis ×   Platanthera cristata | Fringed orchid, Hybrid of  White fringed orchid &  Yellow crested orchis | Native | | Images Wikispecies |
| Platanthera × vossii F.W.Case  Platanthera blephariglottis ×   Platanthera clavellata | | Native, No reports | NYFA: D | Images Wikispecies |

### Subfamily Epidendroideae

The Epidendroideae.

#### Tribe Neottieae
##### Neottia

* Neottia cordata
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Neottieae — Neottia :
| Genus Neottia Guett. (1750) | Twayblade | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Neottia cordata (L.) Rich.1753. Ophrys cordata  L. 1813. Listera cordata  (L.) R.Br. 1818. Neottia cordata  (L.) Rich. 1825. Distomaea cordata  (L.) Spenner 1867. Pollinirhiza cordata  (L.) Dulac 1891. Diphryllum cordatum  (L.) Kuntze | Broadlipped twayblade, Heart-leaved twaybladeListère à feuilles cordées, Listère à feuilles en coeur | Native, Vulnerable | | NYFA: 3-4 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Neottia bifolia (Raf.) Baumbach1840. Listera australis  Lindl. 1852. Neottia australis  (Lindl.) Rchb.f. 1891. Diphryllum australe  Kuntze 1905. Ophrys australis  (Lindl.) House 1913. Bifolium australe  (Lindl.) Nieuwl. 2009. Neottia bifolia  (Raf.) Baumbach | Southern twaybladeListère australe | Native, Endangered | | NYFA: 1-2 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Neottia auriculata (Wiegand) Szlach.1899. Listera auriculata  Wiegand 1905. Ophrys auriculata  House 1913. Bifolium auriculatum  Nieuwl. 1995. Neottia auriculata  Szlach. | Auricled twaybladeListère auriculée | Native, Endangered, NYNHP: 1 | | NYFA: 1 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos IPN Images Wikispecies |
| Neottia convallarioides (Sw.) Rich.1800. Epipactis convallarioides  Sw. 1817. Neottia convallarioides  Rich. 1818. Listera convallarioides  Nutt. 1823. Listera convallarioides  Nutt. ex Elliott 1905. Ophrys convallarioides  W.Wight ex House 1828. Listera eschscholziana  Cham. & Schltdl. 1840. Neottia eschscholziana  Steud. | Broad-leaved twayblade, Broad-lip twaybladeListère faux-muguet | Native, Endangered, NYNHP: 1 | | NYFA: 1 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Neottia (excluded taxa) | Twayblade | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Neottia × veltmanii (Case) Baumbach  Neottia auriculata ×   Neottia convallarioides1964. Listera × veltmanii  Case 2009. Neottia × veltmanii  Baumbach | Veltman's twayblade, Veltman's listera, Hybrid of  Auricled twayblade &  Broad-leaved twaybladeListère de Veltman | Native, No reports Perennial | | | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Listera auriculata. Endangered, S1/G3G4. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Listera convallarioides. Endangered, S1/G5. ||||||

##### Epipactis

* Epipactis helleborineNo Epipactis (helleborine) species are native to eastern North America, and the only one known to naturalize there is broad-leaved helleborine (the "weed orchid", Epipactis helleborine), which can be found in wooded areas in much of New York State.
* The New York Flora atlas also lists Epipactis palustris (marsh orchid) collected only in Rensselaer County in 1990. The only research-grade iNaturalist observation of Epipactis palustris in North America is in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania (June 2014).
* ↑ Epipactis palustris (Marsh Helleborine) iNaturalist observation in Lancaster County, US-PA, US. (June 2014)
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Neottieae — Epipactis :
| Genus Epipactis | Helleborine | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz ssp. helleborine1753. Serapias helleborine  L. in… 1769. Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz in… 1925. Helleborine helleborine  (L.) Druce in… 1961. Epipactis latifolia  ssp. helleborine  (L.) Rivas Goday & Borja  in… | Broad-leaved helleborine, Eastern helleborine, Helleborine, Weed orchid | Introduced, Naturalized, Invasive Watchlist, SNA, GNR UPL Perennial, Herb | NYFA: X NYFA: 56 counties iNat All 62 counties | USDA-XX POWO Go Botany ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Epipactis palustris (L.) Crantz1753. Serapias helleborine  var. palustris  L. 1769. Epipactis palustris  (L.) Crantz | Marsh orchid | Introduced, Impersistent, Not naturalized, SNA FACW Perennial, Herb | NYFA: Xm NYFA: Rensselaer (1990) iNat Lancaster PA | USDA-00 ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ Midatlantic Plants to Watch (2010). Broadleaf Helleborine. ||||||

#### Tribe Triphoreae
##### Triphora

* Triphora trianthophoros
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Triphoreae — Triphora :
| Genus Triphora | Noddingcaps | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Triphora trianthophoros (Sw.) Rydb. ssp. trianthophoros1800. Arethusa trianthophoros  Sw. 1888. Pogonia trianthophoros  (Sw.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. 1901. Triphora trianthophora  (Sw.) Rydb. 1901. Triphora trianthophoros  (Sw.) Rydb. | Nodding pogonia, Threebirds | Native, CoC: 10, Threatened, S2 Perennial, Herb | | NYFA: 2 | USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |

#### Tribe Arethuseae
##### Calopogon

* Calopogon tuberosusCalopogon is a genus of five North American grass-pink orchids. Of these, only Calopogon tuberosus ssp. tuberosus is known to occur outside of cultivation in New York State.
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Arethuseae — Arethusinae — Calopogon :
| Genus Calopogon | Grass pink | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Calopogon tuberosus (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. var. tuberosus1753. Limodorum tuberosum  L. 1796. Limodorum pulchellum  Salisb. 1813. Calopogon pulchellus  R.Br. 1888. Calopogon tuberosus  (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. | Grass pink, Tuberous grass-pink, Swamp pinkCalopogon tubéreux, Calopogon gracieux | Native, CoC: 10, Likely secure, S4 FACW-OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

##### Arethusa

* Arethusa bulbosaArethusa contains a single species, Arethusa bulbosa (dragon's mouth orchid), which is native to eastern North America, including New York State.
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Arethuseae — Arethusinae — Arethusa :
| Genus Arethusa | Dragon's mouth | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Arethusa bulbosa L.1753. Arethusa bulbosa L. 1894. Arethusa bulbosa  f. albiflora  E.L.Rand & Redfield 1894. Arethusa bulbosa  f. subcaerulea  E.L.Rand & Redfield | Dragon's mouth, Swamp pinkAréthuse bulbeuse | Native, CoC: 10, Threatened, S2, G4 OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 2 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

#### Tribe Malaxideae
##### Subtribe Malaxidinae
###### Liparis

* Liparis loeseliiThe wide-lip orchids (Liparis) comprise about 350 species worldwide, out of which only a few are native to North America, including the two New York natives Loesel's twayblade (Liparis loeselii) and the endangered lily-leaved twayblade (Liparis liliifolia).
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Malaxideae — Malaxidinae — Liparis :
| Genus Liparis | Wide-lip orchid | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich.1753. Ophrys loeselii  L. 1815. Malaxis correana  W.P.C.Barton 1817. Liparis loeselii  (L.) Rich. | Loesel's twayblade ⓘ Fen orchid Fen orchis Bog twayblade Yellow wide-lip orchid Liparis de Loesel Liparide de Loesel | Native, CoC: 8, Likely secure, S4, G5 FACW Perennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Liparis liliifolia (L.) Rich. ex Lindl.1753. Ophrys liliifolia  L. 1800. Malaxis liliifolia  Sw. 1825. Liparis liliifolia  (L.) Rich. | Lily-leaved twayblade ⓘ Brown widelip orchid Purple twayblade Large twayblade Mauve sleekwort Liparis à feuilles de lis | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, S1, G5, NYNHP: 1 FACU Perennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: 1 | USDA-NN VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program (2021). Online Conservation Guide for Liparis liliifolia. Acc. 22 Jul 2021. ↑ Christopher Mattrick (2004). Liparis liliifolia (L.) L. C. Rich. ex Lindley, Lily-leaved twayblade, Conservation and Research Plan for New England ||||||

###### Malaxis

* Malaxis monophyllos
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Malaxideae — Malaxidinae — Malaxis :
| Genus Malaxis Sol. ex Sw. (1788) | Adder's-mouth orchid | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Malaxis unifolia Michx.1803. Malaxis unifolia  Michx. 1808. Achroanthes unifolia  (Michx.) Raf. 1888. Microstylis unifolia  (Michx.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. | Green adder's-mouthMalaxis unifolié | Native, CoC: 8, Likely secure | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Sw.var. brachypoda (A.Gray) F. Morris & E.A.Eames1833. Microstylis brachypoda  A. Gray 1926. Malaxis brachypoda  (A. Gray) Fernald 1929. Malaxis monophyllos  var. brachypoda  (A.Gray) F. Morris & E.A.Eames 1969. Malaxis monophyllos  ssp. brachypoda  Á.Löve & D.Löve 2006. Microstylis monophyllos  ssp. brachypoda  (A.Gray) Szlach. & Marg. | North American   white adder’s-mouth, White adder's-mouth orchid | Native, CoC: 10, Likely secure | | NYFA: 4 iNat GBIF | USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS FNA Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Malaxis bayardii Fernald1936. Malaxis bayardii  Fernald | Bayard's adder's-mouth orchid, Appalachian   adder's-mouth orchid, Bayard’s malaxisMalaxis de Bayard | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, NYNHP: 1 | | NYFA: 1 NYFA: 4 counties 0 counties | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP IPN LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Malaxis (excluded taxa) | Adder's-mouth orchid | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Sw. var. monophyllos1753. Ophrys monophyllos L. 1800. Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Sw. 1828. Malaxis diphyllos Cham. 1830. Microstylis monophyllos (L.) Lindl. 1891. Achroanthes monophylla (L.) Greene 1975. Malaxis monophyllos  var. diphyllos  (Cham.) Luer | Aleutian adder's-mouth orchid, Eurasian white adder’s-mouth | Introduced from  Eurasia,  Alaska,  BC, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Malaxis bayardii. Endangered, S1/G1G2. ||||||

#### Tribe Epidendreae
##### Subtribe Calypsoinae
###### Corallorhiza

* Corallorhiza maculata var. maculata spotted coralrootCorallorhiza (coralroot) species are leafless, rootless, mycotrophic (fungus-feeding heterotrophic) orchids.
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Epidendreae — Calypsoinae — Corallorhiza :
| Genus Corallorhiza | Coral root | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Corallorhiza maculata Raf. var. maculata1817. Corallorhiza maculata  Raf. 1823. Corallorhiza multiflora  Nutt. 1891. Neottia multiflora  (Nutt.) Kuntze 1897. Corallorhiza multiflora  var. flavida  M.Peck 1916. Corallorhiza maculata  var. flavida  (M.Peck) Cockerell 1927. Corallorhiza maculata  f. flavida  (M.Peck) Farw. | Late spotted coralroot ⓘ Eastern spotted coralroot ⓘ Summer coralroot Corallorhize maculée | Native, CoC: 8, Likely secure, S4, G5 FACU Perennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Kew WCSP VASCAN FNAFNA Images Wikispecies |
| Corallorhiza maculata Raf. var. occidentalis (Lindl.) Ames1840. Corallorhiza multiflora  var. occidentalis  Lindl. 1903. Corallorhiza grabhamii  Cockerell 1906. Corallorhiza leimbachiana  Suksd. 1916. Corallorhiza maculata  ssp. occidentalis  (Lindl.) Cockerell 1924. Corallorhiza maculata  var. occidentalis  (Lindl.) Ames | Early spotted coralroot ⓘ Summer coralroot ⓘ Sspotted coralroot ⓘ Corallorhize occidentale ⓘ | Native, CoC: 10, Unranked, SNR FACU Perennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: U GBIF | USDA-NN Kew WCSP FNAFNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Corallorhiza trifida Châtel.1753. Ophrys corallorhiza  L. 1760. Corallorhiza trifida  Châtel. 1760. Corallorhiza integra  Châtel. 1769. Epipactis corallorhiza  (L.) Crantz 1793. Helleborine corallorhiza  (L.) F.W.Schmidt 1800. Cymbidium corallorhiza  (L.) Sw. 1813. Corallorhiza innata  R.Br. 1823. Corallorhiza verna  Nutt. 1886. Corallorhiza corallorhiza (L.) H.Karst. 1891. Neottia corallorhiza  (L.) Kuntze 1914. Corallorhiza trifida  var. integra  (Châtel.) Schinz & Thell. 1928. Corallorhiza trifida  f. integra  (Châtel.) Soó 1946. Corallorhiza trifida  var. verna  (Nutt.) Fernald | Early coralroot ⓘ Northern coral-root ⓘ Yellow coralroot ⓘ Corallorhize trifide ⓘ | Native, CoC: 10, Likely secure, S4, G5 FACW Perennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: 4 GBIF | USDA-NN WFO Kew WCSP POWO Go Botany FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Corallorhiza odontorhiza (Willd.) Nutt. var. odontorhiza1818. Corallorhiza odontorhiza (Willd.) Nutt. | Autumn coralroot | Native, Likely secure | NYFA: 4 | USDA- Go Botany VASCAN Images Wikispecies |
| Corallorhiza odontorhiza (Willd.) Poir. var. pringlei (Greenm.) Freudenst.1898. Corallorhiza pringlei  Greenm 1997. Corallorhiza odontorhiza  var. pringlei   (Greenm.) Freudenst. | Pringle's coralroot, Pringle's autumn coralroot | Native, No recent reports | NYFA: Z | Go Botany VASCAN Images Wikispecies |
| Corallorhiza striata Lindl. var. striata1840. Corallorhiza striata  Lindl. 1856. Corallorhiza macraei  A.Gray | Striped coral-root ⓘ hooded coralroot ⓘ | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, S1, G5, T4-5 | NYFA: 1 GBIF | Go Botany Images Wikispecies |

###### Aplectrum

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Epidendreae — Calypsoinae — Aplectrum :
| Genus Aplectrum | Adam and Eve | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Aplectrum hyemale (Muhl. ex Willd.) Nutt.1806. Cymbidium hyemale  Muhl. ex Willd. 1818. Aplectrum hyemale  (Muhl. ex Willd.) Nutt. | Adam and Eve, Putty root | Native, CoC: 8, Endangered, S2, G5 FAC Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 1 | USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies |

###### Calypso

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Epidendreae — Calypsoinae — Calypso :
| Genus Calypso | Fairy slipper | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Calypso bulbosa (L.) Oakes var. americana (R.Br.) Luer1813. Calypso americana  R.Br. 1905. Cytherea bulbosa  (L.) House 1975. Calypso bulbosa  var. americana  (R.Br.) Luer 2010. Calypso bulbosa  ssp. americana  (R. Br.) A. Haines | Fairy slipper | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, No recent reports FACW Perenial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: Z | USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Calypso (excluded taxa) | Fairy slipper | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Calypso bulbosa (L.) Oakes var. bulbosa1753. Cypripedium bulbosum  L. 1842. Calypso bulbosa  (L.) Oakes | Fairy slipper | Introduced from  Eurasia, N.Y. excluded Perenial, Herb-forb | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-NN FNA LBJ Images Wikispecies |

###### Tipularia

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Epidendreae — Calypsoinae — Tipularia :
| Genus Tipularia | Tipularia | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Tipularia discolor (Pursh) Nutt.1813. Orchis discolor  Pursh 1818. Tipularia discolor  (Pursh) Nutt. | Cranefly orchid, Crippled cranefly | Native, CoC: 8, Endangered, S1, G4-5 FACU Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 1 | USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies |