OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Card Games/Klondike

Klondike, also known simply as Patience or Solitaire is the most well known and popular of the Patience family of card games.

## Aim

The aim of patience is to make get all cards on to the foundation piles, beginning with Aces and working up in numerical order until all four kings are placed.

## Set up

* Place seven cards face-down in a line, next to each other
* Turn up the card on the left
* Place six cards on top of the six that are already face down
* Turn up the left card of the second row
* Repeat this until you only put one card down, and turn this up
* Place the deck to one side

## How to play

* Place any aces in the bottom row into one of four foundation piles above the rows.
* Turn over the top card of the deck.
* Attempt to place the card in an appropriate spot.
** Cards must switch between red and black.
** Cards must be in order (K, Q, J, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, A).
* The goal is to move all cards into the foundation piles.
** Foundation piles must all be the same suit (spades, clubs, hearts, diamonds).
** Foundation piles must be in order (A, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, J, Q, K).
** You can move an appropriate card to the foundation piles at any time.

## Variations

Vegas Style
Standard
3-draw/1-draw. No limit.
# Card Games/Multi-person Patience
## Introduction

Patience is normally a card game for just one person. However, it can be adapted to a multi-player version.

## The Rules

The point of the game is to get rid of all your cards, following specific guidelines. If you don't play correctly, other players are allowed to give you penalty card(s). The following rules are suggested, but they can be altered.

### The Beginning

Players are dealt all of cards in equal amount. The cards may not be turned over and held in a stack faced down. The first player puts the first card in the center face up. If the next card opened from the stack is the next number with same suit the card goes on top of the center card. The first card open is the guiding number. If it was a 7 of hearts all the 7's opened will go to the center, the idea is to create 4 stacks of each suit. The cards that don't go anywhere go in a stack form in front of the player. If a player has a 9 of hearts open in front of him and another player opens a 10 of any suit he has to place it above the 9 of the opponent. After opening all the cards the stack in front of the player may not be shuffled it has to be picked up and turned over to start all over again.

### Allowed Cards

You are allowed to play cards that are the next number as the card below.Your turn ends when you put a card on the stack in front of you.

### No Talking

Except to give penalties, if guidance is given.

### Penalties Cards

The Penalty usually is 2 cards from each player.
* failing to keep the next numbered card on opponents stack.
* failing to keep the next numbered card with same suit in the center.

### Winning the Game

When you finish all the cards from your hand and the stack in front of you.

### Adding Rules

The cards on the center have to go in order they were placed e.g. if 7 of heart was placed first and then the 7 of spades then you can only place 8 of spades on top of the 7 spades when the 7 of hearts has a 8 of hearts on top of it.

### The Next Game

The winner becomes the dealer for the next game, and gets to make a new rule. After playing for a while with the same people there may be 10 or more new rules to remember!
Have fun! Be creative! And don't be too mean to the newbies!
# Card Games/Poker

Poker is a family of card games. Poker is popular in the United States of America.
For more information on Poker, see the Poker Wikibook.
# Biblical Studies/Christianity/Christian Theology/Character of God

The Bible claims that God made mankind in His own image in Genesis 1:26. This does not equate that men are in the image of God and not women, as can be seen in Genesis 1:27, but rather that all of humanity possesses the Imago Dei.
Christian theology strictly anthropomorphizes God as having a personality. Sometimes God is extremely angry and must kill whole towns; at other times, God appears infinitely compassionate. His human son, Jesus, is more renowned for compassion. The Bible does not record Jesus as having issued capital justice while on Earth.
* Love for humankind
* Incapable of evil, being bound by His character which itself gives definition to goodness
* Perfectly just
* Shows emotion
** Sorrow for mankind's folly and sinfulness
** Happiness when people repent
** Anger for mankind's rebellion against his commandments
* Has mercy on those who repent and believe in Him
* Does not lie
# Biblical Studies/Christianity/Christian Theology/Existence of God

Does God Exist? That is the principal question of theology.
There are several arguments attempted to prove the existence of God.
"The existence of God, as a First Cause, from the effects seen in the world" (James Boyce). One may look around and observe reality, energy, matter, etc. and conclude that there must be a cause for the reality, energy, matter, etc. a Supreme Being.
The ontological argument was developed by Anselm: "Something than which nothing greater can be thought so truly exists that it is not possible to think of it as not existing"
Also known as Intelligent Design, the argument assumes that for there to be order, there must be a creator. The alternative is often referred to as the "Tornado in the Junkyard"
From a literal viewpoint, in Genesis 1:1, the existence of God is assumed.
# Biblical Studies/Christianity/Christian Theology/Gifts of the Spirit

(Outline)
* Tongues
* Prophecy
* Revelation
* Visions
* Healing
* Interpretation of tongues
* Others
# Biblical Studies/Christianity/Christian Theology/Human Depravity
## The Concept of Total Depravity
### What Total Depravity Is Not

* It does not mean that someone who is considered unregenerate has absolutely no concept of morality or conscience.
* It does not mean that someone is totally sinful - that is, as wicked as is possible.
* It does not mean engagement in every possible mode of sin.

### What Total Depravity Is

* It does mean that sin affects each and every aspect of a person: the mind, body, will, and spirit.
* It does mean that acts thought to be altruistic will always contain at least a shade of improper motive - nothing one does is born totally and completely out of a perfect, flawless desire to serve God.
* It does mean that we as human beings are wholly incapable of eradicating our problem of sin by means of our own volition.
Erickson, Millard J. Christian Theology. Baker Book House: 1985. pp. 628-29.
# Biblical Studies/Christianity/Christian Theology/Immutability

I AM THE LORD AND I DO NOT CHANGE
God is bold enough to declare this simple statement, I AM. Together with this statement that "I do not change". This declaration is a majestic proclamation that God, whoever he is, does not change. If he is good, then that goodness never changes. Whatever his attributes, like mercy and justice, those do not change. Ever. This is the Doctrine of Immutability. God is Lord and he does not change.
If one is to believe in a God, it is essential that he is immutable. Faith is based on the trust that God says who he is. God must therefore be immutable for the Bible to be true. For the prophecies and the promises to be of any value, God must be the ultimate being. He must be who he has always been. Otherwise everything that faith calls for needs to change.
If God makes a promise then he must be capable of fulfilling his word. Also he must be trusted to deliver on his promise. Trusting God is by definition believing in his unchanging nature.
Changing is something humans have to do to regain their status before the fall of man. God is perfect, therefore does not need to change. Immutability and perfection are connected. If one is perfect then change is not required. The Bible teaches that God never changes. The promises are unchanging. God boldly declared in Malachi 3:6 that he is unchanging. The immutability of God is thus certain and an essential part of the doctrine of Christianity.
# Biblical Studies/Christianity/Christian Theology/Adoption

James 1:27 Religion that God our Father accepts as pure and faultless is this: to look after orphans and widows in their distress and to keep oneself from being polluted by the world.
# Biblical Studies/Christianity/Christian Theology/Apocrypha

The word apocrypha in Bibliology refers to texts that are not considered canonical, part of the Bible, but are of roughly similar style and age as the accepted Scriptures. Protestants use the word apocryph, in a narrower sense, of those books that they exclude from their canon of Scripture, but that other Churches view as canonical and venerate as divinely inspired, written under the influence of the Holy Spirit.
Disagreement between Christian Churches is almost non-existent about the canon of the New Testament, but the inclusion of some books in the Old Testament canon is disputed. Since these books were of late composition, Protestant scholars sometimes call them intertestamenta, i.e. intermediate between the Old and New Testaments, and hold that God imposed a period of silence, with no prophecy or Scripture, to prepare for the coming of Jesus.
The books that come under the description apocryph in the broad sense but not in this narrow sense are called apocrypha by Catholics and Jews, but Protestants usually call them Pseudepigrapha. Many of them have apocalyptic themes.

#### Further Reading

Various view of the bible is tabled below:
* The Council of Jamnia
* Majority Christian usage
* Protestant views
* Apocrypha of the New Testament
* Latter Day Saints views
# Biblical Studies/Christianity/Christian Theology/Creation
## BACKGROUND for the Book of GENESIS account of Creation

GENESIS is the first of the five Mosaic books in the Old Testament which together make up the Pentateuch. The name of the book comes from the greek word geneseos which means 'birth', 'geneology' or 'history of origin'. The name is appropriate as it reflects the main theme of the book: Beginnings.
Genesis was written by Moses, circa 1446 - 1406 B.C. The content and writing style is characteristic of similar manuscripts of that time period. Many similarities and parallelisms in content and lifestyles can be found between Genesis and other important manuscripts such as the Mesopotamian works Enuma Elish, Gilgamesh Epic and Hammurabi's code of Law.
We can estimate the timeframe of writing by referring to the Jewish history in the Book of 1 Kings. 1Ki 6:1 indicates that "In the four hundred and eightieth year after the Israelites had come out of Egypt,in the fourth year of Solomon's reign...he began to build the temple of the Lord". We know from historical records that the temple construction began circa 966 BC, putting the exodus of Israel around 1446 BC.
Progress in both Archaeology and Literary research substantiates the authenticity of the Book of Genesis.
The Book of Genesis begins with an account of Creation. This account outlines the sequence in which God creates all things. It starts with the Creations of "the heavens' (note this is plural) and over seven days creation progresses through terrestrial objects, the Earth's form, plants, animals and finally Man. This occurs over a period of seven literal days (morning and evening being part of the narrative for each day).

### A secular perspective

The Creation in Christianity is based in the book of Genesis. The Christians believe that this book depicts some spiritual concepts about the creation. Genesis is described as inspired by God that illustrates the creation from the point of view of the Jewish culture and its people. It was written around the X century BC. The genesis is not a scientific document, therefore it doesn't explain the creation in scientific words, However it is a religious document that explain spiritual truths based from a religious and spiritual point of view.
Nowadays, there are many different interpretations about the Genesis from many different Christian denominations.
# Biblical Studies/Christianity/Christian Theology/Atonement

Atonement refers to the reconciliation of God and humanity that was brought about by the redemptive life and death of the Christian saviour Jesus Christ.
# Sämisch Variation
### 5. b4

White punished black's careless play and will win black's bishop. Black may hold on to it with 5...Bb6, but White can still play 6. c5.
# Sämisch Variation
### 5...Bb6

White may now trap the bishop with 6. c5.
# Nimzo-Indian Defence, Leningrad Variation
### 5...c5

Black starts to attack the center. Taking on c5 collapses White's center for no good reason, and after 6. e3 cxd4 7. exd4 d5 nothing is wrong with White's position, but it is tough to see where his advantage lies. The most common reply is therefore 6. d5, claiming space.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Bg5 h6 5. Bh4 c5
| | 6 | 7 | 8 |
| Leningrad Variation | e3 cxd4 | exd4 d5 | = |
| | d5 d6 | e3 Bxc3 | bxc3 e5 | = |
| Averbakh Gambit | ... b5 | dxe6 fxe6 | cxb5 d5 | ∞ |
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# Nimzo-Indian Defence

White protects the knight while concurrently threatening the enemy bishop.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
'1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4'
* 4...
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.

## References

* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
* This Chess related article is a stub. Please assist Wikibooks by expanding it.
# Nimzo-Indian Defence:Classical Variation

The Classical Variation, 4.Qc2, aims to address two main problems posed by the Nimzo-Indian defence. On c2 the white queen protects the knight on c3, meaning that Black will no longer be able to double White's pawns by exchanging bishop for knight. At the same time, the queen hits the important e4 square.
A note on strategy and rules of thumb: Beginning chess players are often told not to move the queen too early in the opening. While as a general rule this advice is valuable, it is not sacrosanct. The Classical Nimzo provides an excellent opportunity to examine this rule, and its limitations, more closely. The admonition against early queen moves stems partly from the fact that the opposing player may be able to harass the queen simply by making useful developing moves. While one player is struggling to return his queen to safety, the second is gaining a decisive lead in development. In the Classical Variation, however, the queen's deployment to c2 is hardly a brazen sortie into enemy territory. It is unlikely that Black will be able to easily attack the queen anytime soon, so White's move is not considered risky.
A second reason to delay the queen's development is that the queen does not work well without the assistance of the minor pieces, and it is not clear until the knights and bishops are deployed where the queen will be most useful. With 4.Qc2, it is true that White neglects to develop a kingside piece or even to open lines for development, but it is clear that the queen will perform a useful function on c2. The fight for the e4 square is always a significant theme in Nimzo-Indian games, and the queen contributes to this fight. She also bolsters White's position on the queenside by protecting the pawn structure, and at the same time she takes aim at Black's kingside. White should not have a problem deploying the queen from c2 to whatever theater of battle requires her services.
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## References

* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# Nimzo-Indian Defence, Sämisch Variation
## Sämisch Variation

This move can be seen as the critical test of the Nimzo-Indian; White is willing to spend a tempo to force Black to carry out his plan of neutralizing the c3-knight.
With 4.a3, the Sämisch named after the German Grandmaster Friedrich Sämisch, White immediately questions the placement of the bishop. This has the benefit of seizing the bishop pair early (if Black takes the knight), and resolving central tension. White will play for an eventual e4 push after f3.
Taking the Knight is forced as the alternatives are illogical or unsafe.
    4...Bxc3+ inflicts the doubled pawns on White and is the main continuation.
    4...Ba5?? Maintaining the pin is an error as it just loses the bishop after 5.b4 Bb6 6.c5.
    Playing 4...Be7?! is better, but it defeats the point of the Nimzo-Indian since White gets to play 5.e4 for free. (The point of the 3...Bb4 pin was to prevent White from doing this easily.)

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation.
1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4.a3
| 4 | 5 | 6 |
| a3 Bxc3+ | bxc3 O-O | e3 c5 | = |
| ... Be7?! | e4 | | +/= |
| ... Ba5?? | b4 Bb6 | c5 | +/- |
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## References

* Nunn's Chess Openings. 1999. John Nunn (Editor), Graham Burgess, John Emms, Joe Gallagher. ISBN 1-8574-4221-0.
* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# Sämisch Variation
### 4...Ba5??

Black failed to notice the fate of retreating the bishop to a5. White has a deadly move 5. b4.
# Nimzo-Indian Defence, Leningrad Variation
### 5. Bh4

The bishop retreats, since taking on f6 would accomplish nothing. Now Black has the idea of playing ...g5, but he shouldn't be too eager to weaken his kingside right away. The threat of breaking the pin is enough to keep White from playing e4 for now, so Black should address the center. 5...c5, forcing White to advance his d pawn, is the most common move, but 5...b6 is also playable, with Black either fianchettoing after 6. e3 or pushing c5 after all following 6. f3.
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# Nimzo-Indian Defence, Leningrad Variation
### 4...h6

Black drives the bishop back, so as to gain the ability to play ...g5 and break the pin at a later time. 5. Bxf6 Bxc3 6. bxc3 Qxf6 gives up the bishop pair and lessens White's ability to defend the weak c pawns, especially once they become fixed in place with ...c5, so the only good move is 5. Bh4.
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# Nimzo-Indian Defence, Leningrad Variation
### 6. d5

White advances his center. If he can later play e4, it will be hard for Black to shake off his lack of space. Still, playing ...exd5 now and giving white a central majority would be a drastic step. Instead Black usually opts to play around White's d pawn, with ...d6 preparing ...e5, but there is another option: the so-called Averbakh Gambit. Black can sacrifice a pawn with 6...b5 7. dxe6 fxe6 8. cxb5, after which he can take the center with ...d5 and bring his rook to the half-open f file with ...O-O; the stray white pawn is usually disposed of by ...a6.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Bg5 h6 5. Bh4 c5 6. d5
| | 6 | 7 | 8 |
| Leningrad Variation | ... d6 | e3 Bxc3 | bxc3 e5 | = |
| Averbakh Gambit | ... b5 | dxe6 fxe6 | cxb5 d5 | ∞/= |
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# C++ Language/Templates/Metaprogramming/NumericTemplateParameters

A template-parameter usually serves as a placeholder for a type. But, a template-parameter could be numeric. This gives templates a capability of performing compile-time calculations by "template-metaprograms".
Additional information about numeric template-parameters (includes interactive examples)
# C++ Language/Templates/TemplateParameters

In the syntax template<typename T> template, the placeholder symbol T is a "template-parameter". When that template gets specialized, the same datatype will be substituted in place of all instances of T in the template code.
* Default Template-Parameters
* Deducing Template-Parameters
* Variable Number of Template-Parameters
# C++ Language/Std/Strings/Unicode

An 8-bit "Ascii character" has type char (its literal values are char cVar = 'h'; and "hello", its Standard Library functions are named like strlen, and its Win32 functions are named like SetWindowTextA).
A "wide-Unicode character" has type wchar_t (its literal values are wchar_t cwVar = L'h'; and L"hello", its Standard Library functions are named liked wcslen, and its Win32 functions are named like SetWindowTextW).
Windows programmers use preprocessor macros in TCHAR cxVar = _TEXT('h'); to alias either char cxVar = 'h'; or wchar_t cxVar = L'h'; (these macros are controlled by Windows' build system). That same switching mechanism also controls the expansion of macros _tcslen and SetWindowText.
Additional information about Unicode
# C++ Language/Templates

A "template" is C++ source code that doesn't get compiled into machine language at the time it's encountered by the compiler. Instead, the compiler remembers that code. The template contains one or more template-parameters; later, the compiler will perform a compilation of that code when it first needs a "specialization" of it. That specialization involves substituting some C++ type in place of each template-parameter.
* Templated-Functions
* Templated-Classes
* Templated-Variables
* Template-Parameters
* Traits
* Metaprogramming
* Concepts
# C++ Language/Templates/TemplateParameters/DeducingTemplateParameters

Traditionally, template object initialization needed to explicitly list types: std::pair<float,int> fiVar = std::pair<float,int>(1.1F,2);. Modern C++ compilers can automatically deduce those types: std::pair fiVar = std::pair(1.1F,2);.
Additional information about deducing template-parameters (includes interactive examples)
# C++ Language/Std/Strings/StringClass/Indexing

Like any STL collection, you could iterate through string data using std::string::iterator. A std::string object uses contiguous memory for storing its characters. Application code is allowed to directly access the un-terminated character data (either via char* pcVar = &strVar[0]; or char* pcVar = strVar.data;) as long as it stays within the string's allocation area, and finishes its work before the next std::string operation. More conveniently, strVar.c_str is like strVar.data except that c_str temporarily adds a '\0' at the end of the data-characters (making the buffer temporarily compatible with C-Runtime functions).
Additional information about string indexing (includes interactive examples)
# C++ Language/Std/Strings/StringClass/InsertingCharacters

Strings have an append function (or the + operator) for appending a whole string at a time.
Additional information about inserting characters into a string (includes interactive examples)
# C++ Language/Templates/Concepts

Traditionally, a templated-function like template<typename T> T Add(T x, T y) { return x + y; } will allow substitution using any type (even types like T=std::string that actually shouldn't be "added together").
You can define a "concept", which is a logical criteria that only some types might satisfy: template<typename T> concept IS_ADDABLE = std::is_arithmetic<T>::value;. Then we can limit allowed substitutions: template<typename T> requires IS_ADDABLE<T> T Add(T x, T y) {...}.
Additional information about "concepts"
# C++ Language/Templates/Metaprogramming

Whereas a "program" is executed by the computer at run-time, a "metaprogram" is computation that occurs at compile-time.
* Numeric Template-Parameters
* Collection of Types
# C++ Language/Templates/Metaprogramming/CollectionOfTypes

Some template-metafunctions may compute a type (or even a collection of types) as their template-metareturn. For these template-metafunctions, the established convention is to name that result type (a nested type alias).
Additional information about a template-metafunction computing a collection of types (includes interactive examples)