OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Using GNOME/Installing

If you do not have GNOME installed on your system, then there are many ways to install it

## With a Linux distribution

Many Linux distributions offer GNOME as part of their package selections. Please check the documentation of your distro to see if GNOME is an available desktop environment.

### Distribution specific help

* In Debian type "apt-get install gnome"
* In Ubuntu type "apt-get install gnome gdm"
* In Mandriva (formarly Mandrake Linux) select GNOME workstation from the installer.
* In Gentoo type "emerge gnome"
* In ArchLinux type "pacman -S gnome"
* In FreeBSD type "pkg_add -r gnome2"
    Installation on any distro will most likely require root access.

## Garnome

Garnome is a script that lets you compile GNOME.

## Live CD

If you want to try GNOME without installing, try a live CD that uses it such as Gnoppix, Gnome Morphix and Ubuntu Linux. If you want to easily compare GNOME and KDE, try a Fedora LiveCD - you can select which desktop to use at login time.

## Other Operating systems

Sun Microsystems' Solaris offer GNOME BSD's can install it via ports or pkg-src. Just find the GNOME directory and type make install.
# Linux Basics/Graphical interfaces

X Window System does the job for graphical display under Linux. We also call X Window System as X or X11. Its GUI is very plain, but it's a graphical server, so it gives home to many desktop environments and window managers.
Login can be on graphical interface:XDM(X Desktop Management), GDM, LightDM, SDDM etc.
Every operating system has its own graphical package manager, like Synaptic under Debian-based systems, Fedora has dnfdragora, Arch has Pamac or Octopi, etc.
Important Desktop Environments and their logos:
* KDE logo
* KDE Plasma 5.18's GUI
* XFCE logo
* XFCE 4.14's GUI
* GNOME logo
* GNOME 3.36's GUI
There is also Cinnamon and MATE which can be mentioned, they're both Gnome-derivatives. (Arch wiki has all the Desktop Environments explained) You can choose which you want to install under Linux, customization has no limits.
Composite Window Managers e.g.: Compiz, Compton, Xfwm, Marco, KWin.
The Window Manager does the job for window operations (minimize, maximize, move etc), compositor does the effects, like at minimizing the window slowly vanishes etc.
You can change the Window Manager and Desktop Environment under operation (but when you install them, you may have to quit from the current DE and re-login to see the changes)

## References

* ↑ Wikipedia: X Window System
# Rotorcraft Fundamentals/Helicopter Flight Controls

A helicopter has four flight control inputs. These are the cyclic, the collective, the anti-torque pedals, and the throttle. The cyclic control is usually located between the pilot's legs and is commonly called the cyclic stick or just cyclic. On most helicopters, the cyclic is similar to a joystick. However, the Robinson R22 and Robinson R44 have a unique teetering bar cyclic control system and a few helicopters have a cyclic control that descends into the cockpit from overhead.
The control is called the cyclic because it changes cyclic pitch of the main blades. The result is to tilt the rotor disk in a particular direction, resulting in the helicopter moving in that direction. If the pilot pushes the cyclic forward, the rotor disk tilts forward, and the rotor produces a thrust in the forward direction. If the pilot pushes the cyclic to the side, the rotor disk tilts to that side and produces thrust in that direction, causing the helicopter to hover sideways.
The collective pitch control or collective is located on the left side of the pilot's seat with a settable friction control to prevent inadvertent movement. The collective changes the pitch angle of all the main rotor blades collectively (i.e. all at the same time) and independently of their position. Therefore, if a collective input is made, all the blades change equally, and the result is the helicopter increasing or decreasing in altitude.
A swashplate controls the collective and cyclic pitch of the main blades. The swashplate moves up and down, along the main shaft, to change the pitch of both blades. This causes the helicopter to push air downward or upward, depending on the angle of attack. The swashplate can also change its angle to move the blades angle forwards or backwards, or left and right, to make the helicopter move in those directions.
The anti-torque pedals are located in the same position as the rudder pedals in a fixed-wing aircraft, and serve a similar purpose, namely to control the direction in which the nose of the aircraft is pointed. Application of the pedal in a given direction changes the pitch of the tail rotor blades, increasing or reducing the thrust produced by the tail rotor and causing the nose to yaw in the direction of the applied pedal. The pedals mechanically change the pitch of the tail rotor altering the amount of thrust produced.
Helicopter rotors are designed to operate in a narrow range of RPM. The throttle controls the power produced by the engine, which is connected to the rotor by a fixed ratio transmission. The purpose of the throttle is to maintain enough engine power to keep the rotor RPM within allowable limits so that the rotor produces enough lift for flight. In single-engine helicopters, the throttle control is a motorcycle-style twist grip mounted on the collective control, while dual-engine helicopters have a power lever for each engine.
# Rotorcraft Fundamentals/Aerodynamics of Flight

There are three basic flight conditions for a helicopter: hover, forward flight and the transition between the two.
Hover
Hovering is the most challenging part of flying a helicopter. This is because a helicopter generates its own gusty air while in a hover, which acts against the fuselage and flight control surfaces. The result is constant control inputs and corrections by the pilot to keep the helicopter where it is required to be. Despite the complexity of the task, the control inputs in a hover are simple. The cyclic is used to eliminate drift in the horizontal plane, that is to control forward and back, right and left. The collective is used to maintain altitude. The pedals are used to control nose direction or heading. It is the interaction of these controls that makes hovering so difficult, since an adjustment in any one control requires an adjustment of the other two, creating a cycle of constant correction.
Transition from hover to forward flight
As a helicopter moves from hover to forward flight it enters a state called translational lift which provides extra lift without increasing power. This state, most typically, occurs when the airspeed reaches approximately 16–24 knots (30–44 km/h; 18–28 mph), and may be necessary for a helicopter to obtain flight

### Forward flight

In forward flight a helicopter's flight controls behave more like those of a fixed-wing aircraft. Applying forward pressure on the cyclic will cause the nose to pitch down, with a resultant increase in airspeed and loss of altitude. Aft cyclic will cause the nose to pitch up, slowing the helicopter and causing it to climb. Increasing collective (power) while maintaining a constant airspeed will induce a climb while decreasing collective will cause a descent. Coordinating these two inputs, down collective plus aft cyclic or up collective plus forward cyclic, will result in airspeed changes while maintaining a constant altitude. The pedals serve the same function in both a helicopter and a fixed-wing aircraft, to maintain balanced flight. This is done by applying a pedal input in whichever direction is necessary to center the ball in the turn and bank indicator.
# Rotorcraft Fundamentals/General Aerodynamics

The rotor system, or more simply rotor, is the rotating part of a helicopter that generates lift. A rotor system may be mounted horizontally, as main rotors are, providing lift vertically, or it may be mounted vertically, such as a tail rotor, to provide horizontal thrust to counteract torque from the main rotors. The rotor consists of a mast, hub and rotor blades.
The mast is a cylindrical metal shaft that extends upwards from the transmission. At the top of the mast is the attachment point for the rotor blades called the hub. Main rotor systems are classified according to how the rotor blades are attached and move relative to the hub. There are three basic types: hingeless, fully articulated, and teetering; although some modern rotor systems use a combination of these.
Most helicopters have a single main rotor, but torque created by its aerodynamic drag must be countered by an opposed torque. The design that Igor Sikorsky settled on for his VS-300 was a smaller tail rotor. The tail rotor pushes or pulls against the tail to counter the torque effect, and this has become the most common configuration for helicopter design, usually at the end of a tail boom.
Some helicopters use other anti-torque controls instead of the tail rotor, such as the ducted fan (called Fenestron or FANTAIL) and NOTAR. NOTAR provides anti-torque similar to the way a wing develops lift through the use of the Coandă effect on the tail boom
The use of two or more horizontal rotors turning in opposite directions is another configuration used to counteract the effects of torque on the aircraft without relying on an anti-torque tail rotor. This allows the power normally required to be diverted for the tail rotor to be applied fully to the main rotors, increasing the aircraft's power efficiency and lifting capacity. There are several common configurations that use the counter-rotating effect to benefit the rotorcraft:
* Tandem rotors are two counter-rotating rotors with one mounted behind the other.
* Transverse rotors are pair of counter-rotating rotors transversely mounted at the ends of fixed wings or outrigger structures. Now used on tiltrotors, some early model helicopters had used them.
* Coaxial rotors are two counter-rotating rotors mounted one above the other with the same axis.
* Intermeshing rotors are two counter-rotating rotors mounted close to each other at a sufficient angle to let the rotors intermesh over the top of the aircraft without colliding. An aircraft utilizing this is known as a synchropter.
* Multirotors make use of three or more rotors. Specific terms are also used depending on the exact amount of rotors, such as tricopter, quadcopter, hexacopter and octocopter for three rotors, four rotors, six rotors and eight rotors respectively, of which quadcopter is the most common. Multirotors are primarily used on drones and use on aircraft with a human pilot is rare.$^{[citationneeded]}$
Tip jet designs let the rotor push itself through the air and avoid generating torque..
# Pokémon Trading Card Game/Baby Pokémon

Introduced in the Neo Genesis set, there have been multiple renditions of Baby Pokémon in the Pokémon Trading Card game. In the Neo sets, Baby Pokémon are their own evolutionary stage, Baby, similar to Basic Pokémon that can be played straight from player's hand. However, fixed with a new "Baby Pokémon Rule", that requires a player to flip a coin if a Baby Pokémon is in the Active spot of their opponent in order to attack. If tails, the attack does nothing and the players turn ends.
# Flora of New York/TOC-Crossosomatales, Sapindales

| Clades | Order | Family | Subfamily | Tribe | Genus | Common names | # |
| angiosperms:   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Crossosomatales | Staphyleaceae | — | — | Staphylea | bladdernut | 1 |
| angiosperms:   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Sapindales | Anacardiaceae | Anacardioideae | Rhoeae | Rhus | sumac | 5 |
| angiosperms:   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Sapindales | Anacardiaceae | Anacardioideae | Rhoeae | Toxicodendron | poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac | 4 |
| angiosperms:   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Sapindales | Anacardiaceae | Anacardioideae | Rhoeae | Cotinus | smoketree | 2 |
| angiosperms:   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Sapindales | Sapindaceae | Hippocastanoideae | Acereae | Acer | maple | 15 |
| angiosperms:   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Sapindales | Sapindaceae | Hippocastanoideae | Hippocastaneae | Aesculus | buckeye, horse chestnut | 2 |
| angiosperms:   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Sapindales | Sapindaceae | Sapindoideae | Koelreuterieae | Koelreuteria | golden rain tree | 1 |
| angiosperms:   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Sapindales | Sapindaceae | Sapindoideae | Paullinieae | Cardiospermum | balloon vine | 1 |
| angiosperms:   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Sapindales | Simaroubaceae | — | Ailantheae | Ailanthus | tree-of-heaven, Chinese sumac | 1 |
| angiosperms:   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Sapindales | Rutaceae | Rutoideae | — | Ruta | rue | 1 |
| angiosperms:   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Sapindales | Rutaceae | Toddalioideae | — | Zanthoxylum | prickly ash | 1 |
| angiosperms:   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Sapindales | Rutaceae | Toddalioideae | — | Ptelea | hop tree | 1 |
| angiosperms:   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Sapindales | Rutaceae | Toddalioideae | — | Phellodendron | Amur cork tree | 1 |
| angiosperms:   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Sapindales | Rutaceae | Toddalioideae | — | Dictamnus | gas plant | 1 |
| angiosperms:   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Sapindales | Meliaceae | Melioideae | Melieae | Melia | Chinaberry tree | 1 |
# Canadian Refugee Procedure/IRPR ss. 315.21-315.43 - Information Sharing Between Countries
## IRPR Sections 315.21-315.43 (Part 19.1)

The text of the relevant sections of the regulation reads:
# Voter's Guide/Australia

The next election in Australia will be the 2007 Legislative election, which elects representatives for the two houses, House of Representatives and the Senate.
Here are some of the issues that have been important:
* Aged Care
* Environment
* Education
* National Security
* Truth in Government
* Economy
* Medicare and Bulk-Billing
Here are some of the parties in Australia and information on them:
* Liberals
* Labor
* Greens
* Democrats
* Citizens Electoral Council
* Family First
* One Nation
* United Australian Party
Here are the leaders of the parties in the Federal Parliament:
* John Howard (Liberal Party of Australia)
* Kevin Rudd (Australian Labor Party)
* Mark Vaile (National Party of Australia)
* Bob Brown (Australian Greens)
* Lyn Allison (Australian Democrats)
* Steve Fielding (Family First Party)
# Oz Programming

Oz is a programming language which supports declarative programming, object-oriented programming, constraint programming, and concurrency as part of a coherent whole. For distribution, a common implementation (Mozart) provides a true network transparent implementation with support for network awareness, openness, and fault tolerance. Oz is ideal for both general-purpose distributed applications as well as for hard problems requiring sophisticated optimization and inferencing abilities. Oz applications include sophisticated collaborative tools, multi-agent systems, and digital assistants, as well as applications in natural language understanding and knowledge representation, in scheduling and time-tabling, and in placement and configuration.
If you have programmed before and would like to see a little bit of how Oz works and is different from other programming languages, you can get an overview.

## Contents

* History
* Syntax
* Features
* Data
* Code and Interfaces

### Beginning Oz

* Basic Concepts
* Data Types
** Value
** Number
** Int
** FDInt
** Char
** Float
** Record
** Tuple
** Literal
** Atom
** Name
** Bool
** Unit
** Procedure
** Cell
** Chunk
** Array
** Dictionary
** BitArray
** Class
** Object
** Lock
** Port
** Space
** Thread
** ByteString
** BitString
* Variables
* Simple Input and Output
* Simple Math
* Program Flow
* Procedures and Functions
* Libraries
* Standard Libraries
* Further Math
* Compiling
* Beginning Exercises

### In-depth Oz ideas

* Pointers and Arrays
* String Manipulation
* Programming Structure and Style
* Complex Types
* Memory Management
* Error Catching
* Closures

### Oz and beyond

* Language Overloading and Extensions
* Combining Languages
* Commented Source Code Library

## External Links

http://mozart2.org/
# Co-Life

Co-Life is a free interactive on-line meeting/speech system, which developed by National Center for High-performance Computing (NCHC). It is a real-time meeting platform.
This system is developed based on teaching and sharing concept.

## Contents

* About
* User Guild
* Troubleshooting
# RapidSMS Developers Guide/External links
## Python

* Python website
* Python 2.6 Library
* Python 2.6 Language Reference

## Django

* Django website
* Django 1.1 Documentation

## RapidSMS

* RapidSMS GitHub project
* RapidSMS Google Group and mailing-list
# QEMU/Devices/Audio
## Available audio devices

| Device | Bus | Description |
| sb16 | ISA | Creative Sound Blaster 16 |
| es1370 | PCI | ENSONIQ AudioPCI ES1370 |
| ac97 | PCI | Intel 82801AA AC97 Audio |
| adlib | ISA | Yamaha YM3812/Adlib [OPL2] |
| gus | ISA | Gravis Ultrasound GF1 |
| cs4231a | ISA | Crystal CS4231A |
| hda | PCI | Intel HD Audio |
| pcspk | N/A | PC speaker |
* ↑ https://www.cebix.net/downloads/bebox/cs4231a.pdf
# 4chan Chronicle/Raid Explosion

4chan's nominal anonymity begins to attract a bunch of colorful groups to 4chan, such as Touhou fans, stalkers, guro lovers, pedophiles, and furries . Usually, these groups were granted their own containment boards.
Curiously, out of all the insane fandoms on 4chan, Furries have faced universal hatred. During the early days of the internet, the two core websites, SA and (possibly) Fark, began a crusade against the furry fandom in all its forms. During one memorable moment, Lowtax crated a furry board, waited for it to be filled with furry goons, and permabanned them all. Inspired by this punitive action, Moot once created a /fur/ board on April Fool’s day 2005, and banned all the users who posted there for a month.
This attitude eventually shaped internet culture, where it became the norm to hate on furries, and the furry fandom itself, building a constant cycle of paranoia and "fursecution".
Colourful groups were always around, (evidenced by the early /c/ - Cute/Male (back then being not safe for work), /l/ - Lolicon, /g/ - Guro and /d/ - Hentai/alternative boards), and the random furry forcing his art on everyone. 4chan would eventually diversify beyond anime. As the Touhou doujin subculture grew day by day, /a/ users were fed up, and called on moot to oust them. Moot thus created /jp/ - Japanese Culture, on a day henceforth known as /a/-day.

## Raid Explosion =

On August 22, a splinter group of /b/tards went completely nuts and completely obliterated three sites from the face of earth, prompting anons to make threads urging /b/ to start a crusade against faggotry, and /b/ planned its Magnum Opus: A series of detailed, coordinated raids against the entire furry fandom, including sites like WikiFur, Furaffinity, fchan and various forums.
However, the next day proved to be somewhat different than planned.
# Spanish/Exercises/¿Dónde vives?

Welcome to the exercises related to lesson 4 of ¡Aprovéchalo! The answers can be found here. Also, try translating the dialogue at the top of the lesson page.

## Countries of the World

* Translate the following sentences from Spanish to English.
** Vivo en Inglaterra. I live in England.
** Son de España/ I'm from Spain
** ¿Eres de Alemania? Are you from Alemania?
** Vivimos en el sur de Francia/ We live in South France
** ¿Vivís en Gales? Do you live in Gales?
** Es de Escocia/ He is from Scotland
** ¿Dónde vive? Where do you live?
** Somos del norte de Irlanda/ We are from north Ireland.
** Viven en el suroeste de los Estados Unidos/ They live in the southeast of the United States.
** Soy de Canadá/ I'm from Canada.
* Translate the following sentences from English to Spanish
** We come from Spain/ Somos de Espania.
** I live in England, Vivo en Inglaterra.
** He comes from the north of Mexico, El de la norte de Mexico.
** Where are you from? Donde son?
** Why do you live in Australia? Por que Eres vive en Australia?
** They come from Canada, Ellos vienen de Canada.
** Do you all live in Wales? Todas eres vive en Wales?
** He's from the UK/ Es de UK
** She lives in eastern Germany/ Ella vives en Este Germany.
** Where does he come from?/ Donde El vino?

## Housing

Match the Spanish to the English.
| 1. Room | a. Bungalow |
| 2. House | b. Casa individual |
| 3. Bungalow | c. Habitación |
| 4. Apartment | d. Vivir |
| 5. To live | e. Habitaciones |
| 6. Terraced house | f. Pisos |
| 7. Rooms | g. Casa |
| 8. Detached house | h. Piso |
| 9. Flats | i. Casa adosada |

## Adjectives

Correct the following sentences.
* Las hombres malos
* Un niño bueno
* Unas niñas mala
* Un mujer buena
* El hombre bueno
* La niña bonita
* Unos hombres malos
* Los mujers malas

## City and countryside

Translate the following from Spanish to English and visa versa.
* La ciudad es ruidosa/ The city is noisy
* I live in a house in the countryside/ Vivo en un casa en la campo
* El campo es fantástico; se puede caminar en los bosques The country is fanstasti, you can walk in the Forrest.
* She is from the city, Ella es de la ciudad.
* Viven en el campo de Inglaterra, They live en the countryside in England
* The city is lively; there are lots of things to do/ Las ciudad es animada, hay much que hacer.
* Lo malo sobre la ciudad es que no queda ninguna follaje/ The bad thing about the city is that there is no foliage.
* Do you live in the city or the countryside? Eres viver en la ciudad o la campo?