OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Australasian Radio World/Issues/1947 10
## P.01 - Front Cover

The Australasian Radio World
Registered at the G.P.O., Sydney, for transmission by post as a periodical.
1/-
Vol. 12 - No. 5; OCTOBER 15, 1947

## P.03 - Contents Banner

THE AUSTRALASIAN RADIO WORLD
Devoted entirely to Technical Radio
and incorporating
ALL-WAVE ALL-WORLD DX NEWS
VOL. 12 - OCTOBER, 1947. - No. 5

## P.03 - Publication Notes

Editor, Publisher, Proprietor — A. G. HULL, Balcombe St., Mornington, Vic.
Short-wave Editor — L. J. KEAST, 6 Fitzgerald Road, Ermington, N.S.W. 'Phone: WL1101
Ham Notes By — D. B. KNOCK (VK2NO), 43 Yanko Av., Waverley, N.S.W.
Advertising Representative for Vic. — W. J. LEWIS, 20 Queen St., Melbourne, 'Phone MU5154
Advertising Representative for N.S.W. - Amalgamated Publications Pty. Ltd., 83 Pitt St., Sydney, Phone: B1077
Subscription Rates: 6 issues - 5/3; 12 issues - 10/6; 24 issues - £1; Post free to any address in the world.
Address for all correspondence - Australasian Radio World, Balcombe St., Mornington, Victoria
Printed by Bridge Printery Pty. Ltd., 117 Reservoir Street, Sydney, N.S.W., for the proprietor of the "Australasian Radio World," Balcombe St., Mornington, Vic. (Footnote P.44)

## P.03 - Contents

CONTENTS
CONSTRUCTIONAL —
"Snug 5" . . . . 5
TECHNICAL —
Kingsley Equipment for U.H.F. . . . . 11
Adjusting the Dipole . . . . 27
"Rural 4" . . . . 15
Servicing by Signal Tracer . . . . 29
Calling "C.Q." . . . . 33
SHORTWAVE REVIEW —
Notes From My Diary . . . . 38
THE SERVICE PAGES —
Answers . . . . 42

## P.03 - Editorial

EDITORIAL
It is indeed pleasing to note that the P.M.G.'s department has recently made certain minor changes in its rules and regulations which will be well received by amateurs. First there is the dropping of the expression "experimental" in connection with the station licence. Hams are now officially "Amateur Station Licensees." The power limit has now been raised to 100 watts all round and no probationary period necessary for new licensees. More than ten years ago I made several drives for a lifting of the power limit, but it was officially considered to be quite impossible. Now it has at last been found possible, so hams are a lot happier these days. Some radio traders are not so happy in their contact with the P.M.G. There is a regulation that dealers must send in a monthly report giving the name and address of each buyer of a radio receiver. There does not, however, appear to be a regulation which can force the buyer to reveal his name. Apparently anyone can walk into a radio shop with the pound notes in his hand and demand to be served with a radio receiver. What dealer could refuse to take the money? Yet where does he stand if the buyer hurries out of the shop muttering about having to rush to catch the tram? If the P.M.G.'s department can't manage to collect their own licence fees without the aid of the radio trade it seems apt that they should offer the trade at least 10 per cent. commission and let them do the collecting! — A. G. HULL.
# History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Australasian Radio World/Issues/1947 11
## P.01 - Front Cover

The Australasian Radio World
Registered at the G.P.O., Sydney, for transmission by post as a periodical.
1/-
Vol. 12 - No. 6; NOVEMBER 15, 1947

## P.03 - Contents Banner

THE AUSTRALASIAN RADIO WORLD
Devoted entirely to Technical Radio
and incorporating
ALL-WAVE ALL-WORLD DX NEWS
VOL. 12 - NOVEMBER, 1947. - No. 6

## P.03 - Publication Notes

Editor, Publisher, Proprietor — A. G. HULL, Balcombe St., Mornington, Vic.
Short-wave Editor — L. J. KEAST, 6 Fitzgerald Road, Ermington, N.S.W. 'Phone: WL1101
Ham Notes By — D. B. KNOCK (VK2NO), 43 Yanko Av., Waverley, N.S.W.
Advertising Representative for Vic. — W. J. LEWIS, 20 Queen St., Melbourne, 'Phone MU5154
Advertising Representative for N.S.W. - Amalgamated Publications Pty. Ltd., 83 Pitt St., Sydney, Phone: B1077
Subscription Rates: 6 issues - 5/3; 12 issues - 10/6; 24 issues - £1; Post free to any address in the world.
Address for all correspondence - Australasian Radio World, Balcombe St., Mornington, Victoria
Printed by Bridge Printery Pty. Ltd., 117 Reservoir Street, Sydney, N.S.W., for the proprietor of the "Australasian Radio World," Balcombe St., Mornington, Vic. (Footnote P.52)

## P.03 - Contents

CONTENTS
CONSTRUCTIONAL —
"Sally" . . . . 5
TECHNICAL —
A Record on Six Metres . . . . 9
Signal Tracer . . . . 11
High-Fidelity Transformers . . . . 17
Highlights of Radiolympia . . . . 19
A New Method of Tuning . . . . 23
"Transmitter, FS6 Plus" . . . . 29
Among Our Readers . . . . 33
Calling CQ . . . . 41
SHORTWAVE REVIEW —
Notes From My Diary . . . . 46
THE SERVICE PAGES —
Answers . . . . 50

## P.03 - Editorial

EDITORIAL
Like most new things, the advent of the "personal" set, a baby version of a self-contained battery-operated portable, brings along its crop of worries. Whilst waiting at a radio counter in town recently the customer ahead of me was trying to dispose of one of these sets. He told the man at the counter that he had only bought it a month ago, but already it had used up three sets of batteries. Having a few moments to spare, I suggested that we check the current drain, borrowed a meter and did so. The drain was still a shade over 12 milliamps, although the batteries were both down fairly low. This is a fairly normal drain for sets of the type and with it a 467 type battery will last about 15 hours. The running cost works out at well over a shilling per hour. Unless buyers are acquainted with the true position about running costs these portables are likely to earn a smelly reputation, thereby spoiling what would be a further wide application of radio if handled properly. Public reaction to the price of the minimax batteries is also easy to understand. They know that a small torch battery costs 8d. or 9d. The minimax is two or three times as big and as heavy. It is expected that the price will be, likewise, two or three times as much. Unless the running costs of personal portables can be greatly reduced, they are going to go down in history as one of the worst flops in the radio business. A. G. HULL.
# Introduction to Digital Forensics/Further reading

The following material may contain additional useful information beyond the scope of this book:
# Introduction to Digital Forensics/Example1

Most of the sections of this book have a practical example for you to test your knowledge, some people find it helpful to apply theory in practice as part of their learning. There is no requirement to complete these tasks, but it might be of use in clarifying the theoretical material.
In this first task we will be:
* Documenting a piece of digital media
* Acquiring a bit copy
* Verifying the copy

## What you will need

In a real investigation you would use a forensic write blocker during media acquisition. These tend to run into the hundreds of dollars so, of course, it is impractical to require one. Otherwise you are going to need:
* Acquisition software (this example uses FTK Imager but you can pick another tool if you wish)
* Digital media (it might be easiest to use a USB pen drive, remember to add some files)
* CaseNotes software (optional)
# Introduction to Digital Forensics/Glossary
## acquisition

    The process of creating a duplicate copy of digital media for the purposes of examining it

## eDiscovery

    A common acronym for electronic discovery

## exhibit

    Digital media seized for investigation is usually referred to as an "exhibit"

## hashing

    Within the field "hashing" refers to the use of hash functions (e.g. CRC, SHA1 or MD5) to verify that an "image" is identical to the source media

## image

    A duplicate copy of some digital media created as part of the forensic process

## imaging

    Synonym of "acquisition"

## live analysis

    Analysis of a piece of digital media from within itself; often used to acquire data from RAM where this would be lost upon shutting down the device

## unallocated space

    Clusters of a media partition not in use for storing any active files. They may contain pieces of files that were deleted from the file partition but not removed from the physical disk

## verification

    A term used to refer to the hashing of both source media and acquired image to verify the accuracy of the copy

## write blocker

    The common named used for a forensic disk controller, hardware used to access digital media in a read only fashion
* This content is originally from Glossary of digital forensics terms on Wikipedia. However all of the content there at the time of copying was created by User:ErrantX
# Introduction to Digital Forensics/Image investigations

One of the most common aspects of any digital forensic investigation is that of image forensics. It is an unavoidable fact that one of the most common crimes looked at within the field is that of child pornography, but beyond that images can have a number of evidential uses in other settings.
For example, we previously discussed how some browsers store thumbnails of visited sites, useful to proving what a user saw on their screen. With the Google Chrome browser this can sometimes amount to many hundreds of images to work through, this is the inherent disadvantage introduced by image analysis; there tends to be a lot of them. A basic installation of Windows, for example, could contain thousands of images and just one computer game tens of thousands. Finding ways to process and filter relevant images in bulk is one of the foremost issues in digital forensics.
# Introduction to Digital Forensics/Documenting evidence

One of the key concepts in digital forensics is the idea of documenting evidence. It's a good starting point for this book because becoming used to recording your actions will help both with learning the topic and applying the skills. Many digital forensics investigations end up in a court of law (either civil or criminal). In such cases courts like to see audited logs of what was undertaken, by whom and what was found.
Why is this so important?
One of the major issues is the fact that digital media, such as a hard drive, is very easy to modify. So how do you know that the evidence provided is an accurate representation? A log of actions is particularly useful to explain any discrepancies in evidence when standing in front of a jury.
Another consideration is that digital forensics is, as with all forensics, a specialist subject. The problem is that it is still treated with distrust by many areas of the legal profession and by juries. Logging your actions helps to explain what has happened during the investigation.
# Introduction to Digital Forensics/Example3

This task will get you to apply your knowledge about reporting evidence to the analysis performed in task 2.
# Introduction to Digital Forensics/Example2

This example task will let you try your hand at a simple digital media analysis, it is constructed like a simple forensic investigation and will require you to:
* Defining the scope of your analysis
* Search the evidence for
* Make a simple conclusion about the evidence

## What you will need

For this analysis we provide an example acquired media, which you can download and perform an analysis on:
* FTK 1.8.X trial version
* Example acquired media (download link)

## Scenario

MI5 officer Fred Bloggs has been accused of divulging secret information to an unknown foreign spy. His computer has been seized and is to be examined for relevant evidence. The computer comes from Bloggs' office which has an internet connection but is filtered only to allow web browsing.
It is believed Bloggs is using a private email account to send secret information out of his office, but this is not confirmed.

## Define your scope
### Reminder

Earlier in this chapter we discussed the idea of defining the aims of your investigation and using that to evolve a scope for your analysis.

### Task

* Write down the aims of the investigation (what is to be proven)
* List the types of evidence that will be useful
* Now list the types of evidence that are unlikely to be useful
# Introduction to Mathematical Physics/Energy in continuous media/Introduction

The first principle of thermodynamics (see section secpremierprinci) allows to bind the internal energy variation to the internal strains power \index{strains}:
${\frac {dU}{dt}}={\dot {Q}}-P_{i}$
if the heat flow is assumed to be zero, the internal energy variation is:
$dU=-P_{i}dt$
This relation allows to bind mechanical strains ($P_{i}$ term) to system's thermodynamical properties ($dU$ term). When modelizing a system some "thermodynamical" variables $X$ are chosen. They can be scalars $x$, vectors $x_{i}$, tensors $x_{ij}$, \dots Differential $dU$ can be naturally expressed using those thermodynamical variables $X$ by using a relation that can be symbolically written:
$dU=FdX$
where $F$ is the conjugated\footnote{ This is the same duality relation noticed between strains and speeds and their gradients when dealing with powers.}
$X$. In general it is looked for expressing $F$ as a function of $X$ .
Remark:
If $X$ is a scalar $x$, the energy differential is:
$dU=f.dx$
If $X$ is a vector $x_{i}$, the energy differential is:
$dU=f_{i}dx_{i}$
Si $X$ is a tensor $x_{ij}$, the energy differential is:
$dU=f_{ij}dx_{ij}$
Remark:
If a displacement $x$, is considered as thermodynamical variable, then the conjugated variable $f$ has the dimension of a force.
Remark:
One can go from a description using variable $X$ as thermodynamical variable to a description using the conjugated variable $F$ of $X$ as thermodynamical variables by using a Legendre transformation (see section secmaxient and ([#References
The next step is, using physical arguments, to find an {\bf expression of the internal energy $U(X)$} \index{internal energy} as a function of thermodynamical variables $X$. Relation $F(X)$ is obtained by differentiating $U$ with respect to $X$, symbolically:
$F(X)={\frac {\partial U}{\partial X}}$
In this chapter several examples of this modelization approach are presented.
# Introduction to Mathematical Physics/Energy in continuous media/Other phenomena

secpiezo

## Piezoelectricity

In the study of piezoelectricity ([#References|references]), on\index{piezo electricity} the form chosen for $\sigma _{ij}$ is:
$\sigma _{ij}=\lambda _{ijkl}u_{kl}+\gamma _{ijk}E_{k}$
The tensor $\gamma _{ijk}$ traduces a coupling between electrical field variables $E_{i}$ and the deformation variables present in the expression of $F$:
$F=F_{0}+\epsilon _{ij}E_{i}E_{j}+{\frac {1}{2}}\lambda _{ijkl}u_{ij}u_{kl}+\gamma _{ijk}E_{i}u_{jk}.$
The expression of $D_{i}$ becomes:
$D_{i}=\left.{\frac {\partial F}{\partial E_{i}}}\right)_{u_{fixed},T_{fixed}}$
so:
$D_{i}=\epsilon _{ij}E_{j}+\gamma _{ijk}u_{jk}$

## Viscosity

A material is called viscous \index{viscosity} each time the strains depend on the deformation speed. In the linear viscoelasticity theory ([#References|references]), the following strain-deformation relation is adopted:
$\sigma _{ij}=a_{ijkl}u_{kl}+b_{ijkl}{\frac {\partial u_{kl}}{\partial t}}$
Material that obey such a law are called {\bf short memory materials} \index{memory} since the state of the constraints at time $t$ depends only on the deformation at this time and at times infinitely close to $t$ (as suggested by a Taylor development of the time derivative). Tensors $a$ and $b$ play respectively the role of elasticity and viscosity coefficients. If the strain-deformation relation is chosen to be:
eqmatmem
$\sigma _{ij}=a_{ijkl}u_{kl}+\int _{0}^{t}b_{ijkl}(t-s)u_{kl}(s)ds,$
then the material is called long memory material since the state of the constraints at time $t$ depends on the deformation at time $t$ but also on deformations at times previous to $t$. The first term represents an instantaneous elastic effect. The second term renders an account of the memory effects.
Remark: Those materials belong ([#References
Remark:
In the frame of distribution theory, time derivatives can be considered as convolutions by derivatives of Dirac distribution. For instance, time derivation can be expressed by the convolution by $\delta '(t)$. This allows to treat this case as a particular case of formula given by equation eqmatmem.
# Introduction to Mathematical Physics/N body problem and matter description/Abstract

$N$ body problem is the fundamental problem of the modern description of Nature. In this chapter we have shown through various examples the variety of matter arrangement one can encounter in Nature. We have noticed that, in general, among the four fundamental interactions (strong interaction, weak interaction, electromagnetic interaction, gravitation), gravitational and/or electromagnetic interactions are relevant for the description of system of super nuclear scales that are our interest in the rest of the book. In the next two chapters, we will present the description of gravitational and electromagnetic interactions.
# Introduction to Mathematical Physics/N body problem and matter description/Atoms

Atoms are ([#References|references]) elementary bricks of matter. \index{atom} Atoms themselves are compound by a set of electrons in interaction with a nucleus. This system can be described by a planetary model (see fig figatome), but it should be rigorously described by using the quantum mechanics formalism (see section secatomemq). The nucleus is itself a N body problem: it is compound by nucleons, themselves compound by quarks.
figatome
# Introduction to Mathematical Physics/N body problem and matter description/Crystalline solids

Crystalline solids ([#References|references]) are periodical arrangement of atoms or molecules. \index{crystal} Translation invariance symmetry allows to calculate approximations of quantum states of such systems (see section secsolidmq). Statistical physics allows to evaluate properties at equilibrium (see section secgasparfq). Continuous approximation allows to deal for instance with elasticity (see sections sepripuiva and secmaterelast).
Magnetic properties of solids are of great interest. Solids can be classified according to the orientation of the magnetic momentum carried by each elementary brick constituting the solid (for instance a small molecule) has a small magnetic moment \index{magnetic moment} or spin. If orientation of those spins is random, crystal is said paramagnetic \index{paramagnetic} (see figure ---figparamag---).
Average magnetisation is then zero. If spins are oriented along a privileged direction, crystal is called ferromagnetic \index{ferromagnetic} (see figure ---figferromag---). There exists then a non zero magnetization.
If spins have directions alternatively opposed (see Figure ---figantiferromag---), crystal is called anti ferromagnetic.
Ising model, (see section secmodising) is a simple model that allows to describe paramagnetic -- ferromagnetic transition that appears for certain materials (for example iron) when temperature decreases.
# Introduction to Mathematical Physics/Measure and integration
## Lebesgue integral

The theory of the Lebesgue integral is difficult and can not be presented here. However, we propose here to give to the reader an idea of the Lebesgue integral based on its properties. The integration in the Lebesgue sense is a functional that at each element $F$ of a certain functional space (the space of the summable functions) associates a number note $\int f(x)dx$ of $\int f$.
for a function $f$ to be summable, it is sufficient that $|f|$ is summable. if $g(x)\geq 0$ is summable and if $|f(x)|\leq g(x)$ then $f(x)$ is summable and
$|\int f\leq \int |f|\leq \int g$
If $f$ and $g$ are almost everywhere equal, the their sum is egual. if $f(x)\geq 0$ and if $\int f=0$ then $f$ is almost everywhere zero. A bounded function, zero out of a finite interval $(a,b)$ is summable. If $f$ is integrable in the Riemann sense on $(a,b)$ then the sums in the Lebesgue and Rieman sense are equal.
# How To Make An ATP Synthase Model

The following describes the steps and materials needed to make a working ATP synthase mollecule
Materials:
1 piece of white foam poster board.
7 one inch circular magnets
1 bag of small bells (metal)
1 small remote control car (optional, needed to make electronic model) (warning some remote control cars are not powerful enough to spin the model.
TOTAL COST LESS THAN 10 DOLLARS (INCLUDING REMOTE CONTROL CAR PURCHASED AT FAMILY DOLLAR)
Procedure:
Cut two circular pieces of foam board (must be the same size and approximately four inches in diameter.
Cut a long strip of foam board (about four inches wide and the length should be equivalent to the circumference of the two circles).
Make a four inch in diameter tube out of the strip of foam board and glue the two circles on as end caps to create a cylinder.
Use an exacto knife to cut seven half-inch horizontal slits equidistant and parallel from each other around the cylinder.
Place seven circular magnets horizontally oriented into each of the half inch slits previously cut.(The majority of the magnets should protrude out of the cylinder parallel to the end caps of the cylinder.
Glue seven half inch wide strips of foam board in between each of the magnets. (The foam strips should be glued slightly higher on the cylinder than the magnets. This should create a consistent ring of alternating magnets and foam strips around the entire cylinder).
Cut one Hexagon (slightly larger than the two circles previously cut) out of the remaining foam board.
Cut a hole in the center of the foam hexagon. (The whole must be slightly larger in diameter than that of drive wheel of the remote control car.
Attach the remote control car so that the drive wheel is slightly protruding from the hole cut in the hexagon (I prefer to remove the front end of the remote control car so that it can fit on a smaller hexagon.
Once your car is attached, cut another long piece of foam board (about 4.5 inches wide).
Glue the strip of foam around the outside of the hexagon so that a 3D hexagon is created. (Once this step is completed you may want to add extra support to keep the car in place.
Glue the drive wheel protruding from the hexagon to the center of the previously created cylinder. ( I use spacers to raise the cylinder, but they are not necessary).
FINAL STEP MUST BE DONE TO FIT YOUR SPECIFIC MOLECULE
Make a vertical tube facing upward to work as a hopper for the bells. The exit of the tube must be lined up with the rotating magnets. One side of the tube must be cut allowing bells attached to magnets to exit, but it can not allow bells on top of the foam pieces to exit.
Make a down tube or exit tube on the opposite side of the hopper which knokes the bells of the magnets after they have completed a full rotation. The bells must rotate towards the exit tube. (Steps 14 and 15 will take some trial and error, do not get discouraged).
Decorate and enjoy.