# Wildlife Gardening/Evaluation tables/Herbs/Northeastern United States

ME NH VT MA CT RI NY NJ PA MD DE WV VA
Aconitum uncinatum File:Aconitum uncinatum illustration.jpg pollen nectar summer flowers fall flowers native bees Actaea pachypoda File:Actaea-pachypoda.jpg pollen nectar spring flowers native bees Agastache scrophulariifolia File:Agastache scrophulariifolia.jpg pollen nectar winter bird food summer flowers excellent for pollinators finches eat seeds Agrimonia parviflora File:Agrimonia parviflora - Harvestlice.jpg Amsonia tabernaemontana File:Amsonia nadrenska Amsonia tabernaemontana.jpg - not in WV pollen nectar spring flowers colorful autumn foliage deciduous ground cover good nectar plant for butterflies Anemone canadensis File:Anemone canadensis kz01.jpg wildlife cover pollen nectar spring flowers deciduous ground cover pollinator friendly Aquilegia canadensis File:Birds and nature (1900) (14775163513).jpg pollen nectar spring flowers deciduous ground cover excellent hummingbird plant Arisaema triphyllum File:Jack-in-the-Pulpit (4751254398).jpg winter bird food mammal food spring flowers birds mammals disperse seeds Aruncus dioicus File:Kitseenelas 1.jpg pollen nectar spring flowers excellent for pollinators Asclepias incarnata pollen nectar caterpillar host plant summer flowers fragrant monarch host Asclepias tuberosa pollen nectar caterpillar host plant summer flowers fragrant monarch host Aster divaricatus File:Eurybia divaricata SCA-04316.jpg pollen nectar caterpillar host plant summer flowers fall flowers deciduous ground cover hosts 109 caterpillar species Aster latiflorus File:Symphyotrichum lateriflorum FWS-2.jpg pollen nectar caterpillar host plant summer flowers fall flowers deciduous ground cover hosts 109 caterpillar species Aster novae-angliae pollen nectar caterpillar host plant summer flowers fall flowers deciduous ground cover hosts 109 caterpillar species Aster oblongifolius File:Aromatic Aster - Aster oblongifolius - 2.jpg pollen nectar caterpillar host plant summer flowers fall flowers deciduous ground cover hosts 109 caterpillar species Aster puniceus File:Symphyotrichum puniceum flowers.jpg pollen nectar caterpillar host plant summer flowers fall flowers deciduous ground cover hosts 109 caterpillar species Aster spectabilis File:Eurybia spectabilis kz4.jpg - not in WV pollen nectar caterpillar host plant summer flowers deciduous ground cover hosts 109 caterpillar species Astilbe biternata File:Tawułki 02.jpg pollen nectar spring flowers summer flowers deciduous ground cover attracts butterflies Baptisia australis File:Baptisia australis kz01.jpg caterpillar host spring flowers host for wild indigo duskywing and southern dogface butts Boltonia asteroides File:Boltonia asteroides Nana 4zz.jpg- not in WV pollen nectar summer flowers excellent for fall pollinators Cardamine concatenata File:Cardamine concatenata Radnor Lake.jpg pollen nectar spring flowers spring ephemeral native bees Chelone glabra File:Chelone glabra Red River Gorge.JPG summer flowers fall flowers host for Baltimore checkerspot Chrysopis mariana File:Chrysopsis mariana - Maryland Golden Aster.jpg pollen nectar summer flowers fall flowers good for pollinators likes sandy soil Cimicifuga racemosa File:Actaea racemosa 005.JPG pollen nectar summer flowers fragrant excellent source of pollen and nectar in shady conditions Coreopsis rosea- not in WV File:Coreopsis rosea.jpg pollen nectar spring flowers summer flowers decidious ground cover good spring forage for pollinators Coreopsis lanceolata pollen nectar spring flowers summer flowers deciduous ground cover good spring forage for pollinators Coreopsis verticillata File:Coreopsis verticillata flowering 001.JPG pollen nectar spring flowers summer flowers decidious ground cover good spring forage for pollinators Dicentra cucullaria File:Dicentra cucullaria WFNY-078k.jpg mammal food spring flowers rodents love tubers Dicentra eximia File:Dollyflowers1 ForestWander.JPG mammal food spring flowers deciduous ground cover rodents love tubers Erythronium americanum File:Erythronium americanum (yellow dogtooth violet; yellow trout lily) (Glen Echo Ravine, Columbus, Ohio, USA) 1 (33788488412).jpg pollen nectar spring flowers DGC pollinator friendly spring ephemeral Eupatorium coelestinum File:Eupatorium coelestinum1.jpg pollen nectar summer flowers fall flowers DGC supports 41 species of caterpillar Eupatorium dubium File:Gardenology.org-IMG 1435 bbg09.jpg pollen nectar pollen nectar summer flowers DGC supports 41 species of caterpillar Eupatorium fistulosum pollen nectar pollen nectar pollen nectar summer flowers DGC supports 41 species of caterpillar Eupatorium hyssopifolium File:Eupatorium hyssopifolium - Hyssop leaf Boneset.jpg pollen nectar pollen nectar pollen nectar summer flowers DGC supports 41 species of caterpillar Eupatorium perfoliatum File:Eupatorium perfoliatum 0001.JPG pollen nectar pollen nectar pollen nectar summer flowers DGC supports 41 species of caterpillar Eupatorium rotundifolium File:Eupatorium rotundifolium.jpg pollen nectar pollen nectar pollen nectar summer flowers DGC supports 41 species of caterpillar Eupatorium rugosum File:Eupatorium-rugosum-flowers.JPG pollen nectar pollen nectar pollen nectar summer flowers DGC supports 41 species of caterpillar Eupatorium serotinum File:Eupatorium serotinum kz02.jpg pollen nectar pollen nectar pollen nectar summer flowers DGC supports 41 species of caterpillar Filipendula rubra File:Meadow sweet (8065558634).jpg pollen nectar summer flowers DGC butterflies and hummingbirds Euphorbia corollata File:Euphorbia corollata kz01.jpg pollen nectar spring flowers summer flowers DGC pollinator friendly Geranium maculatum File:Zindel Park Trails (9) (34133664694).jpg pollen nectar spring flowers DGC supports early season native bees Helenium autumnale pollen nectar summer flowers fall flowers Helianthus angustifolius File:Helianthus angustifolius 2.jpg pollen nectar winter bird food bird breeding food fall migrating bird food mammal food caterpillar host plant summer flowers fall flowers DGC supports 75 species of caterpillar Heliopsis helianthoides File:False Yellow Sunflower Bunch PLT-FL-DS-10.jpg pollen nectar winter bird food summer flowers DGC midsummer pollenators Heuchera americana File:Heuchera americana Green spice.jpg wildlife cover spring flowers DGC good ground cover Hibiscus moscheutos File:Swamp Rosemallow (Hibiscus moscheutos) (20427271442).jpg pollen nectar caterpillar host plants summer flowers DGC hosts 20 species of caterpillars Iris versicolor- not in WV File:Iris versicolor quebec 2.jpg wildlife cover spring flowers DGC wet areas Jeffersonia diphylla File:Twinleaf - Jeffersonia diphylla, Carderock Park, Carderock, Maryland - 17061028111.jpg wildlife cover spring flowers DGC dense groundcover in shade Lespedeza virginica File:Lespedeza virginica - Slender lespedeza.jpg wildlife cover pollen nectar winter bird food mammal food caterpillar host plant summer flowers DGC pollinator plant that serves as host for several skippers Liatris spicata pollen nectar winter bird food caterpillar host plant summer flowers DGC excellent butterfly nectar larval host for camouflaged looper Lobelia cardinalis File:Lobelia cardinalis Belize 2.jpg pollen nectar summer flowers fall flowers DGC one of the best plants for hummingbirds Lobelia siphilitica File:Lobelia-syphilitica-habitus.JPG pollen nectar summer flowers fall flowers DGC one of the excellent plants for hummingbirds and sphinx moths Ludwigia alternifolia File:Ludwigia alternifolia - Squarepod waterprimrose.jpg pollen nectar summer flowers DGC wetland plant Lysimachia ciliata File:Lysimachia ciliata WFNY-162.jpg pollen nectar summer flowers DGC shade tolerant pollinator plant Mertensia virginica File:Mertensia virginica (Flower).jpg wildlife cover pollen nectar spring flowers DGC cover in wet areas excelltn hummingbird plant Mimulus ringens File:Mimulus ringens - Allegheny monkey flower.jpg pollen nectar caterpillar host plant summer flowers DGC common buckeye host Monarda didyma File:BeeBalm.jpg wildlife cover birds nest pollen nectar summer flowers DGC excellent butterfly and hummingbird plant Oenothera fruticosa File:Oenothera fruticosa subsp glauca.JPG pollen nectar winter bird food spring flowers summer flowers DGC valuable for native bees Packera aurea File:Flickr - Nicholas T - Shenks Ferry Wildflower Preserve (2).jpg Penstemon digitalis pollen nectar spring flowers summer flowers DGC Phlox maculata wildlife cover pollen nectar summer flowers DGC nectar for hummingbird sphinx moths Phlox paniculata File:02014.08 Blumen in Sanok.JPG wildlife cover pollen nectar summer flowers DGC nectar for hummingbird sphinx moths Polemonium reptans File:Polemonium reptans 001.JPG wildlife cover pollen nectar spring flowers DGC Polygonatum commutatum File:Polygonatum biflorum 1392157.jpg wildlife cover pollen nectar spring flowers Pycnanthemum muticum File:Gardenology.org-IMG 2846 rbgs11jan.jpg wildlife cover pollen nectar summer flowers DGC "superior" pollen nectar source for bees and butts Pycnanthemum tenuifolium File:Pycnanthemum tenuifolium 001.JPG wildlife cover pollen nectar summer flowers DGC "superior" pollen nectar source for bees and butts Ratibida pinnata File:Ratibida pinnata (2).jpg pollen nectar winter bird food summer flowers good for pollinators and winter birds Rudbeckia fulgida File:Rudbeckia hirta (4991283669).jpg pollen nectar winter bird food summer flowers DGC good for pollinators and winter birds Rudbeckia laciniata File:Kępa kwiatu 534.jpg pollen nectar winter bird food summer flowers DGC good for pollinators and winter birds Rudbeckia nitida- not in wv File:Rudbeckia herbstonne 1zz.jpg pollen nectar winter bird food summer flowers DGC good for pollinators and winter birds Salvia lyrata File:Salvia lyrata - Lyreleaf Sage 2.jpg wildlife cover pollen nectar spring flowers DGC hummingbirds and butterflies Sedum ternatum File:Sedum ternatum - Three leaved Stonecrop 2.jpg pollen nectar spring flowers evergreen ground cover Senna hebecarpa File:Senna hebecarpa WFNY-104.jpg pollen nectar winter bird food caterpillar host plant summer flowers DGC larval host for several sulphur butterfly species Silene virginica File:Silene virginica (18683679169).jpg pollen nectar winter bird food spring flowers Sisyrinchium angustifolium File:Sisyrinchium angustifolium 06.JPG wildlife cover spring flowers DGC dense groundcover Solidago caesia File:Solidago caesia001.jpg wildlife cover birds nest pollen nectar winter bird food caterpillar host plant summer flowers fall flowers DGC "excellent" meadow plant hosts 115 species of caterpillar Solidago canadensis File:Solidago canadensis vallee-de-grace-amiens 80 21072007 3.jpg wildlife cover birds nest pollen nectar winter bird food caterpillar host plant summer flowers DGC "excellent" meadow plant hosts 115 species of caterpillar Solidago graminifolia File:Euthamia graminifolia 001.JPG wildlife cover birds nest pollen nectar winter bird food caterpillar host plant summer flowers DGC "excellent" meadow plant hosts 115 species of caterpillar Solidago rugosa File:Solidago rugosa.jpg wildlife cover birds nest pollen nectar winter bird food caterpillar host plant summer flowers fall flowers DGC "excellent" meadow plant hosts 115 species of caterpillar Solidago speciosa File:Showy goldenrod plant solidago speciosa.jpg wildlife cover birds nest pollen nectar winter bird food caterpillar host plant summer flowers fall flowers DGC "excellent" meadow plant hosts 115 species of caterpillar Verbena hastata File:Verbena hastata 0002.JPG pollen nectar summer flowers DGC wetland plant Vernonia noveboracensis pollen nectar winter bird food summer flowers DGC important pollinator plant for damp soils Veronicastrum virginicum File:U.S. Botanic Garden in July (23687511012).jpg pollen nectar spring flowers summer flowers DGC

## Ferns

Native herbs of West Virginia :
| Taxon | Amphibians and fishes | Birds | Mammals | Reptiles | Invertebrates | Plants and fungi | Notes |
| Adiantum pedatum, the northern maidenhair fern. | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | wildlife cover. birds nest. deciduous groundcover. suitable for shady moist sites. |
| Athyrium filix-femina, the common lady-fern. | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | wildlife cover. birds nest. deciduous groundcover. suitable for shady moist sites. |
| Denstaedtia punctilobula, the eastern hayscented fern. | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | wildlife cover. birds nest. deciduous groundcover. suitable for shady moist sites. suitable for "impoverished" and very acidic sites. |
| Onoclea sensibilis, the sensitive fern or bead fern. | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | wildlife cover. birds nest. deciduous groundcover. grows well around ponds and streams. |
| Osmundastrum cinnamomeum, the cinnamon fern. | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | wildlife cover. birds nest. deciduous groundcover. grows well around ponds and streams. |
| Osmunda regalis, the royal fern or flowering fern. | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | wildlife cover. birds nest. deciduous groundcover. grows well around ponds and streams. |
| Polystichum acrostichoides, the Christmas fern. | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | wildlife cover. birds nest. evergreen groundcover. provides excellent groundcover for animals. |
| Thelypteris noveboracensis, the New York fern. | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | wildlife cover. birds nest. evergreen groundcover. provides excellent groundcover for animals. |
Ferns- all wv
* Adiantum pedatum
* Athyrium filix-femina
* Denstaedtia punctilobula
* Onoclea sensibilis
* Osmunda cinnamomea
* Osmunda regalis
* Polystichum acrostichoides
* Thelypteris noveboracensis

## Forbs

Native herbs of the northeastern United States :
| Taxon | Amphibians and fishes | Birds | Mammals | Reptiles | Invertebrates | Plants and fungi | Notes |
| Asclepias tuberosa, the butterfly milkweed. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | Attracts bees and serves as a host for monarch butterfly caterpillars. |
| Baptisia tinctoria, the wild indigo. Flowers illustrated. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 7 ! | 6 ! | Fixes nitrogen for other plants and attracts Automeris io among many other pollinators. |
| Cirsium discolor, the field thistle. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | Attracts bumblebees and butterflies. |
| Coreopsis lanceolata, the lanceleaf coreopsis. Flower pictured. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | Attracts bees and hoverflies. |
| Echinacea purpurea, the purple coneflower. Flowers in a patch pictured. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 7 ! | 4 ! | Attracts a variety of bees, including Bombus (bumble bees), Megachile pugnata (leaf cutter bee), Melissodes, and Svastra. |
| Eutrochium fistulosum, the lanceleaf coreopsis. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | Attracts bees and butterflies. |
| Gentiana andrewsii, the bottle gentian. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | Attracts bumblebees. |
| Helenium autumnale, the sneezweed. Flowers in a patch pictured. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | Attracts bumblebees, honey bees, and leafcutter bees. |
| Liatris spicata, the marsh blazing star. Flowers in a patch pictured. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 7 ! | 4 ! | Its nectar attracts a great diversity of butterflies including monarchs, Aphelocomaskippers, Aphelocomasulfurs, and Aphelocomaswallowtails. |
| Lobelia siphilitica, the great blue lobelia. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | Extremely shade tolerant and prized nectar source for Bombus. |
| Monarda fistulosa, the wild bergamot. Flowers pictured. | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | Attracts Bombus pennsylvanicus (long-tongued bumble bee), other Bombus species, Aphelocomahawk moths, and Aphelocomahummingbirds. |
| Penstemon digitalis, the smooth penstemon. Flowers pictured. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 7 ! | 4 ! | A semi-evergreen plant that produces large quantities of nectar that attracts honey bees, other bee species, butterflies and moths. |
| Pycnanthemum, or mountain mint. Adult pictured. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | Fragrant foliage. Attracts bees as well as "Polyommatinaeblue and Lycaeninaecopper butterflies". |
| Solidago rugosa, the wrinkle-leafed goldenrod. Flowers pictured. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | Attracts hoverflies and solitary wasps. CantharidaeSoldier beetles will also visit to feed on pollen. |
| Symphyotrichum novae-angliae, the New England aster. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | Attracts bumblebee queens in the run-up to their hibernation as well as honeybees and monarch butterflies. |
| Verbesina alternifolia, the wingstem. Adult pictured. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | Shade tolerant. Helps bees produce good honey. |
| Vernonia noveboracensis, the New York ironweed. Flowers pictured. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | Attracts long-horned bees, other bee species, and butterflies. |
Native herbs of West Virginia :
| Taxon | Amphibians and fishes | Birds | Mammals | Reptiles | Invertebrates | Plants and fungi | Notes |
| Antennaria dioica, mountain everlasting or stoloniferous pussytoes. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | caterpillar host spring flowers deciduous groundcover host for American lady caters |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, the kinnikinnick or bearberry. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | |
| Asarum canadense, the Canada wild ginger. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | wildlife cover. spring flowers. deciduous groundcover. "excellent" groundcover. |
| Carex glaucodea, the blue sedge. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | wildlife cover. pollen. nectar. caterpillar host plant. deciduous ground cover. good ground cover. host for skippers. |
| Carex pensylvanica, the Pennsylvania sedge. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | wildlife cover. pollen. nectar. caterpillar host plant. deciduous ground cover. good ground cover. host for 36 species of caterpillar, including skippers. |
| Carex platyphylla, the broadleaf sedge. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | wildlife cover. pollen. nectar. caterpillar host plant. evergreen ground cover. good groundcover. host plant for skippers. |
| Carex stricta, the upright sedge or tussock sedge. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | wildlife cover. pollen. nectar. caterpillar host plant. spring flowers. deciduous ground cover. good ground cover. host for 36 species of caterpillar, including skippers. |
| Chrysogonum virginianum, the golden-knee or green and gold. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | wildlife cover pollen nectar spring flowers deciduous groundcover. helps early summer pollinators. |
| Gaultheria procumbens, the eastern teaberry. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | |
| Anemone hepatica, the common hepatica or liverwort. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | pollen nectar spring flowers evergreen groundcover. supports early season native bees. |
| Maianthemum canadense, the Canadian may-lily or false lily-of-the-valley. | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | pollen nectar winter bird food spring flowers deciduous ground cover. |
| Mitchella repens, the partridge berry. | 4 ! | 7 ! | 7 ! | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | wildlife cover. pollen. nectar. winter bird food. mammal food. spring flowers. summer flowers. evergreen groundcover. many birds and mammals eat berries. |
| Phlox divaricata, the wild blue phlox or woodland phlox. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | wildlife cover. pollen. nectar. spring flowers. deciduous groundcover. nectar for hummingbird sphinx moth. |
| Phlox maculata, the wild sweetwilliam or meadow phlox. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | wildlife cover. pollen. nectar. summer flowers. deciduous groundcover. nectar for hummingbird sphinx moth. |
| Phlox stolonifera, the creeping phlox or moss phlox. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | wildlife cover. pollen. nectar. summer flowers. evergreen groundcover. nectar for hummingbird sphinx moth. |
| Podophyllum peltatum, the mayapple or American mandrake. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 6 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | wildlife cover. pollen. nectar. spring flower. deciduous ground cover. fruit eaten by box turtles. |
| Potentilla candensis, the dwarf cinquefoil. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | pollen. nectar. mammal food. spring flowers. evergreen ground cover. "good early summer source of pollen and nectar". |
| Potentilla simplex, the common cinquefoil or oldfield cinquefoil. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | pollen. nectar. mammal food. spring flowers. evergreen ground cover. "good early summer source of pollen and nectar". |
| Sedum ternatum, the woodland stonecrop. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 5 ! | 4 ! | pollen. nectar. spring flowers. evergreen ground cover. "some benefit" pollinators. |
| Tiarella cordifolia, the heartleaf foamflower. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | wildlife cover. pollen. nectar. spring flower. deciduous ground cover. "excellent ground cover and spring pollinator plant". |
| Viola blanda, the sweet white violet. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | pollen. nectar. spring flowers. deciduous ground cover. host for Argynnis and Speyeria fritillaries. |
| Viola pallens, the smooth white violet. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | pollen. nectar. spring flowers. deciduous ground cover. host for Argynnis and Speyeria fritillaries. |
| Viola sororia, the common blue violet. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | pollen. nectar. spring flowers. deciduous ground cover. host for Argynnis and Speyeria fritillaries. |
| Viola pedata, the bird's-foot violet, or mountain pansy. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | pollen. nectar. spring flowers. deciduous ground cover. host for Argynnis and Speyeria fritillaries. |
| Viola septentrionalis, the northern woodland violet. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | pollen. nectar. spring flowers. deciduous ground cover. host for Argynnis and Speyeria fritillaries. |
| Waldsteinia fragarioides, the Appalachian barren strawberry. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 6 ! | 4 ! | wildlife cover. pollen. nectar. spring flowers. deciduous groundcover. drought tolerant. |
groundcovers
* Antennaria dioica
* Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
* Asarum canadense
* Carex galucodea
* Carex pennsylvanica
* Carex platyphylla
* Carex stricta
* Chrysogonum virginianum
* Fragraria virginiana- not in wv
* Gaultheria procumbens
* Hepatica americana
* Maianthemum canadense
* Mitchella repens
* Pachysandra procumbens- not in wv
* Phlox divaricata
* Phlox maculata
* Phlox stolonifera
* Podophyllum peltatum
* Potentilla candensis
* Potentilla simplex
* Sedum ternatum
* Tiarella cordifolia
* Viola blanda
* Viola pallens
* Viola papilionacea
* Viola pedata
* Viola septentrionalis
* Waldsteinia fragrarioides
HP dry sites to check
* Agrimonia parviflora
* Amsonia tabernaemontana
* Anemone canadensis
* Aquilegia canadensis
* Arisaema triphyllum
* Asclepias tuberosa
* Aster divaricatus
* Aster latiflorus
* Aster novae-angliae
* Aster oblongifolius
* Aster spectabilis
* Baptisia australis
* Cardamine concatenata
* Chrysopis mariana
* Cimicifuga racemosa
* Coreopsis lanceolata
* Coreopsis verticillata
* Eupatorium hyssopifolium
* Eupatorium perfoliatum
* Eupatorium rotundifolium
* Eupatorium serotinum
* Euphorbia corollata
* Geranium maculatum
* Heliopsis helianthoides
* Heuchera americana
* Lespedeza virginica
* Mertensia virginica
* Oenothera fructicosa
* Packera aurea
* Phlox maculata
* Pycnathemum muticum
* Pycnanthemum tenuifolium
* Ratibida pinnata
* Rudbeckia fulgida
* Rudbeckia nitida
* Salvia lyrata
* Sedum ternatum
* Senna hebecarpa
* Silene virginica
* Sisyrinchium angustifolium
* Solidago caesia
* Solidago canadensis
* Solidago graminifolia
* Solidago rugosa
* Solidago speciosa
* Vernonicastrum virginicum
HP Moist sites to check
* Aconitum uncinatum
* Actaea pachypoda
* Agastache scrophulariifolia
* Aruncus dioicus
* Asclepias incarnata
* Aster puniceus
* Astilbe biternata
* Boltonia asteroides
* Chelone glabra
* Coreopsis rosea
* Dicentra cucullaria
* Dicentra eximia
* Erythronium americanum
* Eupatorium coelestinum
* Eupatorium dubium
* Eupatorium fistulosum
* Eupatorium rugosum
* Filipendula rubra
* Helenium autumnale
* Helianthus angustifolius
* Hibiscus moscheutos
* Iris versicolor
* Jeffersonia diphylla
* Liatris spicata
* Lobelia cardinalis
* Lobelia siphilitica
* Ludwigia alternifolia
* Lysimachia ciliata
* Mimulus ringens
* Monarda didyma
* Penstemon digitalis
* Phlox paniculata
* Polemonium reptans
* Polygonatum commutatum
* Rudbeckia laciniata
* Verbena hastata
* Vernonia noveboracensis

## Graminoids

Native graminoids of the northeastern United States :
| Taxon | Amphibians and fishes | Birds | Mammals | Reptiles | Invertebrates | Plants and fungi |
| Andropogon gerardii, the butterfly milkweed. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! |
| Andropogon ternarius, the butterfly milkweed. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! |
| Andropogon virginicus, the butterfly milkweed. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! |
| Carex flaccosperma, the butterfly milkweed. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! |
| Carex pensylvanica, the butterfly milkweed. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! |
| Carex vulpinoidea, the butterfly milkweed. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! |
| Chasmanthium latifolium, the butterfly milkweed. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! |
| Elymus canadensis, the butterfly milkweed. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! |
| Elymus hystrix, the butterfly milkweed. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! |
| Elymus virginicus, the butterfly milkweed. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! |
| Eragrostis spectabilis, the butterfly milkweed. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! |
| Juncus effusus, the butterfly milkweed. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! |
| Panicum virgatum, the butterfly milkweed. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! |
| Saccharum giganteum, the butterfly milkweed. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! |
| Schizachyrium scoparium, the butterfly milkweed. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! |
| Sorghastrum nutans, the butterfly milkweed. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! |
| Tripsacum dactyloides, the butterfly milkweed. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! |
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