OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# FFMPEG An Intermediate Guide/h.264

H.264 is arguably the cutting edge of video compression codecs. Unfortunately it is copyright protected. It is currently being used in formats such as Blu-ray, MP4, Flash (F4V), HTML5 and most modern portable devices. It is heavier on encoding and decoding than preceding formats but results in much higher picture quality from smaller files. It's not natively supported in ffmpeg, so you will need to build ffmpeg with support for the external library, x264.
Before using this in a production system please obtain the necessary licenses, you are warned!
Tests have shown this library functions comparatively if not more efficiently than Apple's Compressor or Episode, although both these programs have powerful features that ffmpeg does not have.

## Basic ffmpeg call

To transcode a file using ffmpeg:
To set the quality, use -crf 23, where lower is better, and values from 18-28 are considered a good range.
ffmpeg uses libx264's own preset system. To learn more about it and how presets affect the quality or encoding speed, check the H.264 encoding guide on the FFmpeg wiki. Note: Video/audio output can only be as good as the video/audio input. If your source is lossy so is your output.

## Useful links

x264-ffmpeg-mapping
Guide on CRF values for x264
# FFMPEG An Intermediate Guide/watermarks

FFmpeg offers the overlay filter as a way to overlay images (or even other videos) onto video streams.
To centre overlay/watermark on a video, use this command:
* -vf is used for simple filtergraphs (one input, one output), and -filter_complex is used for complex filtergraphs (one or more inputs, one or more outputs).
* Using -filter_complex will allow you omit the movie multimedia source filter and have a shorter command.
* The audio is simply stream copied (remuxed) in this example with -codec:a copy instead of being re-encoded. You may have to re-encode depending on your output container format.
* See the documentation on the overlay video filter for more information and examples. For example, you could use aliases to shorten the command: overlay=(W-w)/2:(H-h)/2
* See the FFmpeg H.264 Video Encoding Guide for more information on getting a good quality output.

## References

* ↑ http://stackoverflow.com/questions/10918907/how-to-add-transparent-watermark-in-center-of-a-video-with-ffmpeg
# Ada Programming/Delimiters/dot
## Names

Used in the explicit dereference of an access type, like in:

## Selected components

Selection of components from records and packages, entries from tasks and protected types, and - in Ada 2005 - primitive operations from tagged types.

## Subprogram declarations

Declaration of a separate procedure or function.

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming
* Ada Programming/Delimiters

### Ada Reference Manual

* 2.4.1 Decimal Literals (Annotated)
* 2.4.2 Based Literals (Annotated)
* 4.1 Names (Annotated)
* 4.1.3 Selected Components (Annotated)
* 6.1 Subprogram Declarations (Annotated)
* Annex P (informative) Syntax Summary (Annotated)
# Ada Programming/Delimiters/double dot

The delimiter .. is used to specify ranges in any scalar type.
For example:

## Usage notes

When a whole type range will be specified, it is better to use the Range attribute.
For example, instead of using:
it is better to use:

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming
* Ada Programming/Delimiters
* Ada Programming/Attributes/'Range

### Ada Reference Manual

* 2.2 Lexical Elements, Separators, and Delimiters (Annotated)
# Ada Programming/Delimiters/greater than or equal to
## Operator

The operator >= compares two values on greater than or equal to. It is predefined for all discrete types.

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming
* Ada Programming/Delimiters

### Ada 95 Reference Manual

* 4.4 Expressions (Annotated)
* 4.5.2 Relational Operators and Membership Tests (Annotated)

### Ada 2005 Reference Manual

* 4.4 Expressions (Annotated)
* 4.5.2 Relational Operators and Membership Tests (Annotated)
Ada Operators :
| and | and then | > | + | abs | & |
| or | or else | >= | - | mod | |
| xor | = | < | * | rem | in |
| not | /= | <= | ** | / | not in |
# Ada Programming/Delimiters/:=

This delimiter is used for assignment to variables and for initialization of variables and constants.

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming
* Ada Programming/Delimiters

### Ada Reference Manual

* 2.2 Lexical Elements, Separators, and Delimiters (Annotated)
# Ada Programming/Delimiters/box

The box <> is a placeholder for something not (yet) fully specified.

## Contexts

* In array declaration
Declare an array type with bounds known only at runtime.
* a type that has unknown discriminants
* Generic declaration of a discrete type
It means that T must be a discrete type: either an enumeration, a range, or a modular type.
* component association in Ada 2005
* partial parameterization of generics in Ada 2005

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming
* Ada Programming/Delimiters

### Ada Reference Manual

* 3.2 Types and Subtypes (Annotated)
* 12.5.2 Formal Scalar Types (Annotated)
# Ada Programming/Delimiters/;
## Statement delimiter

The ; is used to terminate all statements and declarations. It has no meaning on its own—hence an empty statement is:

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming
* Ada Programming/Delimiters
* Ada Programming/Subprograms

### Ada Reference Manual

* 5.1 Simple and Compound Statements - Sequences of Statements (Annotated)
# Ada Programming/Delimiters/=
## Operator

The operator = compares two values on equality. It is predefined for all non limited types.

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming
* Ada Programming/Delimiters

### Ada 95 Reference Manual

* 4.4 Expressions (Annotated)
* 4.5.2 Relational Operators and Membership Tests (Annotated)

### Ada 2005 Reference Manual

* 4.4 Expressions (Annotated)
* 4.5.2 Relational Operators and Membership Tests (Annotated)
Ada Operators :
| and | and then | > | + | abs | & |
| or | or else | >= | - | mod | |
| xor | = | < | * | rem | in |
| not | /= | <= | ** | / | not in |
# Ada Programming/Delimiters/arrow
## Contexts

* In named notation in subprogram calls.
* In generic instantiations.
* In array and record named aggregates.
* In exception handlers.
* In case statements.

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming
* Ada Programming/Delimiters

### Ada Reference Manual

* 2.2 Lexical Elements, Separators, and Delimiters (Annotated)
# Ada Programming/Delimiters/:

A colon (':') is placed after an identifier, or list of identifiers, for associating names with some entities, as follows. It occurs in declarations of objects, or components of objects such as records and protected objects. Similarly, a colon is to be found after the names of subprogram parameters and after the names of generic formal objects.
A colon is also used after an identifier when declaring/renaming an exception, or when declaring an exception choice parameter. Also, it can be used when specifying a loop or block name.

## Variable declaration

See Ada Programming/Variables.

## Function and procedure parameter

See Ada Programming/Subprograms.

## Generic Formal Objects

See Ada Programming/Generics

## Exception Choice Parameter

See Ada Programming/Exceptions.

## Block name

See Ada Programming/Control.

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming
* Ada Programming/Delimiters

### Ada Reference Manual

* 2.2 Lexical Elements, Separators, and Delimiters (Annotated)
# Ada Programming/Delimiters/greater than
## Operator

The operator > compares two values on being greater. It is predefined for all discrete types.

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming
* Ada Programming/Delimiters
* Ada Programming/Delimiters/<
* Ada Programming/Delimiters/>>

### Ada 95 Reference Manual

* 4.4 Expressions (Annotated)
* 4.5.2 Relational Operators and Membership Tests (Annotated)

### Ada 2005 Reference Manual

* 4.4 Expressions (Annotated)
* 4.5.2 Relational Operators and Membership Tests (Annotated)
Ada Operators :
| and | and then | > | + | abs | & |
| or | or else | >= | - | mod | |
| xor | = | < | * | rem | in |
| not | /= | <= | ** | / | not in |
# Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe/Chapter 59

On April 27, 1986, Evelyn is again visiting Mrs. Threadgoode. She asks Ninny when Ruth came back to Whistle Stop. Ninny tells her that one day in 1928 or 1929 a letter arrived for Idgie. Mother sent Big George to find Idgie. The letter was a torn bible page from the book of Ruth. Idgie asks her mother what it means and her mother tells her it means Idgie and her brothers need to go to Georgia and get Ruth. The next day, they go get her. Ninny tells Evelyn that Ruth was stronger than Idgie in some ways, even though everyone treated her like a china doll.
Evelyn asks if they ever divorced, but Ninny doesn't know. She does know that Frank came to Whistle Stop once and it was one time too many. He was the one who was murdered.
← Chapter 58 · Chapter 60 →
# Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe/Chapter 61

On September 21, 1928 Idgie, Cleo, Julian, Big George, Wilbur Weems and Billy Limeway go to Valdosta to get Ruth. Ruth is dressed and waiting, but Frank wakes up when he hears the car in the driveway. He storms outside and yells at Idgie. When he sees the men, he demands to know what is going on. Julian tells him Ruth is leaving and warns him to stay away from Big George, whom Julian describes as a crazy nigger. They leave and Frank yells for Ruth to never come back. He tells the neighbors she went crazy after her mother died and he had to have her committed.

## Analysis

With the help of Idgie and the men, Ruth finally breaks free of her abusive relationship and returns to Idgie. Many women stay far too long in abusive relationships because they feel there is nowhere else to go.
← Chapter 60 · Chapter 62 →
# Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe/Chapter 58

On August 4, 1928, Idgie goes back to Valdosta to check on Ruth. She finds out from the owner at the drugstore that Frank has been beating her. Idgie goes crazy and barges into the barbershop. She threatens Frank and smashes several bottles before speeding out of town. When she arrives back at the Wagon Wheel Fishing Lodge, she tells Eva she will kill him one day and she means it.

## Analysis

Idgie's love for Ruth is again seen in this chapter. Once she promised Ruth she would kill for her. She still loves Ruth as much as ever and still means what she has said. Eva tries to calm her, but to no avail.
← Chapter 57 · Chapter 59 →
# Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe/Chapter 6

This chapter takes place in a hobo camp in Davenport Iowa on October 15, 1929, the same date as the newspaper article in the previous chapter. Five men are sitting by a campfire. One of these men is Jim Smokey Phillips. These men are five of about 200,000 men roaming the country in search of work that year. The impending winter makes Smokey decide to start heading south.
Smokey's background is revealed in this chapter. His mother was a devout Baptist prone to speaking in tongues, while his father was an alcoholic who made his own moonshine. His mother told church members his father was possessed by the devil and they came and led him away at gunpoint. Smokey never saw his father again. His mother became more involved with her extremely fundamentalist religion, which included snake handling. This ended in her death by rattlesnake bite
← Chapter 5 · Chapter 7 →
# Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe/Chapter 64

On November 22, 1930 a group of KKK members line up in front of the cafe. Grady is there and goes out to investigate. They leave, but Ruth notices one of the men staring at her. She recognizes his shoes and becomes afraid. Grady tells the girls the men are from Georgia and won't be back to bother them again. They don't come back, but the man with the shoes does come back alone and late at night. He is Frank Bennett.

## Analysis

Ruth comes face to face with Frank. He is in his KKK robes, but Ruth recognizes his shoes. Until now, he hasn't known he has a child because she found out she was pregnant after she left. She had escaped her marriage and thought she was rid of Frank, but he reappeared with the Klan. This brings her fear to the surface.
← Chapter 63 · Chapter 65 →
# Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe/Chapter 60

In Valdosta, Georgia on September 18, 1928, Ruth reflects on her marriage. She had returned to marry Frank and tried to put Idgie out of her mind. She would pray to God that he would take the thoughts out of her mind. On their honeymoon Frank had raped & beat her on & she bled for three days and hated sex after that. She feels like he is punishing her with forced sex. She blames herself because she thinks Frank can feel her love for Idgie. She thinks she deserves the abuse. While on her deathbed, Ruth's mother tells her daughter that Frank is the devil and she must leave him. Her mother dies later that day and Ruth sends a page from the Book of Ruth to from the Bible to Idgie.

## Analysis

The details of Ruth's abusive marriage are seen in this chapter. Ruth mistakenly blames herself for the abuse. She thinks Frank is punishing her with forced sex because he can feel the love she has for Idgie. After her mother died there is no longer anything keeping Ruth from leaving & as her mother makes her promise to leave Frank & reaches out to her true love, Idgie. She knows that Idgie loves her, does not hate her for leaving, will not turn her away & will come to save her from Frank.
← Chapter 59 · Chapter 61 →
# Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe/Chapter 63

The August 31, 1940 edition of The Weems Weekly carries the headline, "Yard Man Run Over By Car." Vesta ran over the black man that works for her. She was angry because he was lying in the front yard, instead of working. He is not hurt and Grady attributes this to recent rains. Dot tells her readers that her husband burned down their garage. He threw his cigarette onto a pile of magazines she had been saving. She notes that he saved his saw, but forgot the car. She is fine with this because the car didn't run right anyway.

## Analysis

This article gives more evidence of Vesta's mental state. She didn't become crazy in the nursing home; she was crazy from a young age. Dot again portrays her husband as a moron, by telling the story of the fire in the garage.
← Chapter 62 · Chapter 64 →
# Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe/Chapter 65

The Valdosta Gazette has a headline that reads, "Local Man Missing." The date is December 15, 1930. Frank Bennett has been reported missing by his brother. He was last seen leaving or a hunting trip two days before and has not been seen since. Anyone with any information should call the police.

## Analysis

The reader knows by now that Frank has been murdered. Mrs. Threadgoode has told his murder to Evelyn. This leaves the questions as to his murderer's identity and if it is Idgie, will she be caught, unanswered.
← Chapter 64 · Chapter 66 →
# Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe/Chapter 66

On December 18, 1930, Grady and two officers from Georgia come to the cafe. Grady shows the picture to Big George and Idgie, but they deny knowing Frank. Idgie has Sipsey bring coffee, pie and acts like she doesn't know Frank. When Grady asks where Ruth is, Idgie tells him she is at her parent's house taking care of Idgie's mother, who is ill. They go to the beauty shop now, but Opal has a fit and tells them men are not allowed inside. They leave and Grady tells the other officers that Frank definitely didn't go there.

## Analysis

The investigation of Frank's death begins in Whistle Stop. The cover up begins as they all tell the officers they haven't seen Frank Bennett.
← Chapter 65 · Chapter 67 →
# Evolutionary Biology/Charles Lyell

< Evolution before Darwin
Charles Lyell lived from 1797 to 1875. Throughout his life, his first love was geology. By using his studies of the Earth, Lyell was one of the first scientists to try and create a time scale for the history of the earth.
His book titled Principles of Geology is thought to be one of the most important scientific books ever written because it proposed a way to study the forces that changed the geology of the earth by observing geology of the modern world. This directly contrasted the theories of catastrophism and supernatural occurrences. In this book, he introduced his theory of uniformitarianism. This is the idea that by using observations of current natural processes, we can predict how processes occurred in the past. In order to do this, we must accept that changes in nature occurring millions of years ago are similar to the changes that occur today. This idea of a uniform process of change is the basis of the theory of uniformitarianism. He also believed that each of these processes followed the already known natural laws. He thought that the changes the earth went through would continue on the same path throughout the rest of the existence of the earth. This theory is very important in the aspect that it can possible explain occurrences like mountain building, glaciation and volcano creation.
Darwin was very impressed by Lyell’s geologic findings in Principles of Geology. He studied Lyell’s work as he traveled on the Beagle. As he explored the coastlines of South America, Lyell’s book had a great influence on how Darwin looked at the geologic aspects of the land. In turn, many of Darwin’s experiences and findings reinforced many ideas put forth by Lyell in Principles of Geology.

## References

* Campbell, Reece. Biology, Sixth edition. Benjamin Cummings. 2001.
* http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/information/biography/klmno/lyell_charles.html
* http://www.victorianweb.org/science/lyell.html
* http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/02/4/l_024_01.html
# Evolutionary Biology

Life on Earth is astonishingly complex. There are tens of millions of living species, or kinds of organisms. Some endangered species have just a few individual organisms, while others have quadrillions. Every individual organism is, all by itself, an extremely complicated object, with many interacting parts. Further, organisms interact with other organisms, of the same species and of other species, to form an inconceivably complex network of causes and effects.
Evolutionary biology studies the origin and methods of this complexity. Evolutionary biologists try to answer questions like: Why are there so many species, and how did they come to be? What are the relationships between species and how did these relationships arise? How did organisms develop their intricate structures and ways of life? Why do species become extinct? How did life originate in the first place?
In the last two hundred years, great advances have been made in answering many of these questions. An overarching theory, the theory of evolution by modification and natural selection, first expounded by Charles Darwin in the 1850's, has been very successful at explaining the origin of life's complexity in general, although many puzzling questions remain unanswered.
This book will present our current understanding of how life on Earth got the way it is, and describe current research directions in this profound and fascinating field.

## Chapters

* Early History of Life on Planet Earth
* Speciation
* Evolution before Darwin
* Darwin's Life and Impact
* Microevolution
* Phylogeny
* Primary endosymbiosis
* Secondary endosymbiosis
# Evolution of Operating Systems Designs/State of current research

Operating systems research has slowed for two reasons. First, we now must concern ourselves with compatibility. Second, the excitement and low hanging fruit of the early years is behind us. Many pioneers who participated in that early excitement have declared that OS research is now dead, but it does carry on to this day. Many old research topics still have room for improvement. Modern research includes:
* page replacement
* copy restriction technology (DRM)
* filesystems
* power-aware computing for increased battery life and reduced fan noise
* network packet congestion control and queueing algorithms
* superpages

## Further reading

* Operating System Design has some low-level details about modern OS research.
# Evolution of Operating Systems Designs/Properties of Namespaces

Namespaces are one of the most crucial and pervasive concepts in operating systems, and languages. Namespaces have internal properties and external properties. The internal properties define how objects within the namespace relate to each other. The external properties define how namespaces relate to (e.g., are composed with) each other.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Arabian

Arabian horse :
* Description: The Arabian horse is a breed of horse with a reputation for intelligence, spirit, and stamina. With a distinctive head shape and high tail carriage, the Arabian is one of the most easily recognizable horse breeds in the world.
* The Arabian is good-natured, quick to learn, and willing to please.
* Arabian horses have refined, wedge-shaped heads, a broad forehead, large eyes, large nostrils, and small muzzles. Most display a distinctive concave or "dished" profile. Another breed characteristic is an arched neck with a large, well-set windpipe set on a refined, clean throatlatch.
* The breed standard for Arabian horses describes the Arabians as standing between 14.1 and 15.1 hands (140-155 cm) tall.
* The Arabian Horse Association recognizes purebred horses with the coat colors bay, gray, chestnut, black, and roan. Bay is the most common color, followed by gray, and then chestnut. Black is somewhat rare.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Arts and Crafts
## Index of Arts and Crafts Honors (81)

AY Answer Book Development Stages :
| No Icon No Answers | Some Answers | 25% Answered | 50% Answered | 75% Answered | Comprehensive Answers |
| Aboriginal Lore Africa Lore Airplane Modeling Basketry Block Printing Braiding Braiding - Advanced Bread Dough Cake Decorating Candlemaking Ceramics Copper Enameling Copper Enameling - Advanced Counted Cross Stitch Crocheting Crocheting - Advanced Currency (Coins) Currency (Coins)- Advanced Decoupage Digital Photography Drawing & Painting Felt Craft Flower Arrangement Genealogy Genealogy - Advanced Glass Craft | Glass Etching Glass Painting Knitting Knitting - Advanced Lapidary Leather Craft Leather Craft - Advanced Lettering & Poster Making Lighthouses Lighthouses - Advanced Macrame Metal Craft Model Boats Model Cars Model Hot Air Balloons Model Railroad Model Rocketry Model Rocketry - Advanced Music - Beginners Music Music - Advanced Native American Lore Native American Lore - Advanced Needlecraft Origami Paper Maché | Paper Quilling Paper Quilling - Advanced Photography Pinewood Derby Pinewood Derby - Advanced Plaster Craft Plastic Canvas Plastics Postcards Postcards - Advanced Pottery Scrapbooking Scrapbooking - Advanced Sculpturing Silk Screen Printing Silk Screen Printing - Advanced Soap Craft Soap Craft - Advanced Stamps Stamps - Advanced String Art Textile Painting Thatching Tie-Dye Weaving Whistles Whistles - Advanced Wood Carving Wood Handicraft |
Division Honors :
| General Conference | East Africa Division | Euro Africa Division | North American Division | South Pacific Division |

## Index of Arts and Crafts Honors by Skill Level

| Arts and Crafts | Skill Level 1 | Skill Level 2 | Skill Level 3 |

## Notes

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 The Digital Photography, Genealogy, Paper Quilling, Paper Quilling - Advanced, Plastic Canvass, Plastic Canvass - Advanced, Tie-Dye honors were introduced in 2006, and therefore do not appear in the official answer books.
* 1 2 3 4 The Lighthouses, Lighthouses - Advanced, Whistles, and Whistles - Advanced honors were introduced in 2007, and therefore do not appear in the official answer books.
* ↑ The Model Hot Air Ballooning honor was introduced in 2008, and therefore does not appear in the official answer books.
* 1 2 The Scrapbooking and Scrapbooking - Advanced honors were introduced in 2004, and therefore do not appear in the official answer books.