# Flora of New York/Poaceae 2

| ← Poaceae 1 | Flora of New York — Poaceae 2 | Flora of New York — Poaceae 2 | Flora of New York — Poaceae 2 | Flora of New York — Poaceae 2 | → Poaceae 3 |
| ← Poaceae 1 | Table of contents | Genus index | Protected species index | Invasive species index | → Poaceae 3 |
Poales genus index

## Subfamily Danthonioideae

* Subfam. Danthonioideae H.P. Linder & N.P. Baker (2001) (sister to Chloridoideae) contains the tribe Danthonieae.
* ↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

### Tribe Danthonieae

* Tribe Danthonieae Zotov (1963) contains the genera Austroderia, Capeochloa, Chaetobromus, Chimaerochloa, Chionochloa, Cortaderia, Danthonia, Geochloa, Merxmuellera, Notochloe, Pentameris, Plinthanthesis, Pseudopentameris, Rytidosperma, Schismus, Tenaxia, and Tribolium.
* ↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

#### Danthonia

* Danthonia spicataTwo species of oat grass (Danthonia spp.) are native to New York: poverty grass (D. spicata) and northern oat grass (D. compressa).
Poales — Poaceae — Danthonioideae — Danthonieae — Danthonia :
| Genus Danthonia | Oat grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Danthonia spicata (L.) P.Beauv. ex Roem.& Schult.1753. Avena spicata L.1817. Danthonia spicata (L.) P.Beauv. ex Roem.& Schult.1913. Pentameris spicata (L.) A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr. | Poverty grass, Poverty oatgrass, Poverty oat grass | Native, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Danthonia compressa Austin1869. Danthonia compressa Austin1871. D. spicatavar. compressa1909. Merathrepta compressa (Austin) A. Heller1913. Pentameris compressa (Austin) A. Nelson & J.F. Macbr. | Northern oat grass, Flattened oatgrass | Native, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Danthonia (excluded taxa) | Oat grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Danthonia sericea Nutt.1818. Danthonia sericea Nutt. 1901. Danthonia epilis Scribn. | Downy oat grass, Downy danthonia | N. America native, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Danthonia compressa × spicata  Danthonia compressa ×   Danthonia spicata | Hybrid of  northern oat grass &  poverty grass | Native, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | Images Wikispecies |

#### Cortaderia

* Cortaderia selloana in Hawaii
Poales — Poaceae — Danthonioideae — Danthonieae — Cortaderia :
| Genus Cortaderia | Pampas grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NPT |
| Cortaderia selloana (Schult. & Schult.f.) Asch. & Graebn.1827. Arundo selloana Schult. & Schult.f. 1900. Cortaderia selloana (Schult. & Schult.f.) Asch. & Graebn. | Uruguayan pampas grass Selloa pampas grass | Introduced, Highly invasive | | NYFA: 0 counties GBIF 0 counties | Images Wikispecies |

## Subfamily Chloridoideae

* Subfam. Chloridoideae Kunth ex Beilschm. (1833) (sister to Danthonioideae) contains the tribes Centropodieae, Triraphideae, Eragrostideae, Zoysieae, and Cynodonteae.
* ↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

### Tribe Eragrostideae
#### Subtribe Eragrostidinae
##### Eragrostis

Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Eragrostideae — Eragrostidinae — Eragrostis :
| Genus Eragrostis | Lovegrass | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Eragrostis capillaris (L.) Nees | Lace grass, Tiny love-grass | Native, Secure | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Eragrostis frankii C.A.Mey. ex Steud. | Frank's love-grass, Sandbar lovegrass | Native, Secure | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NX Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. | Teal love grass | Native, Secure | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Eragrostis spectabilis | Purple lovegrass | Native, Secure | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NX Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees ex Steud.var. pectinacea | Tufted lovegrass, Spreading lovegrass, Purple lovegrass | Native, Secure | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees ex Steud.var. miserrima (Fourn.) J.Reeder | Desert lovegrass | Introduced, N. America native | NYFA: X | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Eragrostis trichodes (Nutt.) Alph. Wood | Sand lovegrass | Introduced, N. America native, Impersistent | NYFA: Xm | USDA-N0 Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P.Beauv.var. pilosa1753. Poa pilosa L.1812. Eragrostis pilosa P.Beauv. | India love-grass, Hairy love-grass, Soft love-grass, Jersey love-grassPâturin poilu | Introduced | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vign. ex Janchen    E. major Host    E. megastachya (Koeler) Link    Poa cilianensis All. | Stinkgrass, Candygrass | Introduced, Potentially invasive | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Eragrostis minor Host | Little lovegrass | Introduced | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees    E. chloromelas Steud.    E. robusta Stent | Weeping lovegrass, Boer love grass | Introduced, Moderately invasive,  NYIS: 57%, Invasive | NYFA: X | USDA-X0 Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Eragrostis curvula: Moderate (57). ||||||

#### Subtribe Unioliinae

* Subtribe Unioliinae Clayton (1982) contains 11 species in 5 genera: Entoplocamia, Fingerhuthia, Tetrachaete, Tetrachne, and Uniola.
* ↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

##### Uniola

* Uniola paniculataSea oats (Uniola paniculata) are native to the southeastern coastal United States, Mexico, Bahamas and Cuba. They are not known to have naturalized any farther north than Delaware. Sea oats produce few seeds and spread primarily by rhizomes. This plant is no longer considered to be a close relative of Chasmanthium latifolium (Indian woodoats) which was once placed in this genus as Uniola latifolia and is sometimes known as "northern sea oats".
Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Eragrostideae — Uniolinae — Uniola :
| Genus Uniola | Uniola | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Uniola paniculata L.1753. Uniola paniculata L. | Seaoats, Sea oats, Seaside oats, North American sea-oatsAraña, Arroz de costa | Introduced, N. America native FACU | | NYFA: Not listed | USDA-N BONAP Images Wikispecies |

### Tribe Zoysieae
#### Subtribe Sporobolinae
##### Sporobolus

* The subgeneric classification used here for Sporobolus (Dropseed) is from Peterson et. al. (2014), which includes the genera Calamovilfa, Crypsis, Spartina,
* and Thellungia (most of Sporobolinae) within Sporobolus to make it monophyletic.
* ↑ Paul M. Peterson, Konstantin Romaschenko, Y. Herrera Arrieta, J.M. Saarela (2014). "A molecular phylogeny and new subgeneric classification of Sporobolus (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Sporobolinae)." TAXON 63(6) - December 2014: 1212–1243.

###### Sporobolus sect. Clandestini

Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Zoysieae — Sporobolinae — Sporobolus sect. Clandestini :
| Genus Sporobolus sect. Clandestini | Dropseed | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Sporobolus neglectus Nash1895. Sporobolus neglectus Nash1901. Sporobolus vaginiflorusvar. neglectus Scribn.1954. Sporobolus vaginiflorusvar. neglectus Shinners [isonym] | Small dropseed, Puffsheath dropseedSporobole négligé | Native, Secure Annual, Graminoid | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Sporobolus vaginiflorus (Torr. ex A. Gray) Alph. Woodvar. vaginiflorus | Sheathed dropseed, Poverty dropseed | Native, Secure Annual, Graminoid | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Sporobolus compositus (Poir.) Merr.var. compositus1803. Agrostis aspera Michx. [illeg.]1823. Agrostis longifolia Torr.1829. Sporobolus asper (P.Beauv.) Kunth1901. Sporobolus compositus (Poir.) Merr. | Composite dropseed, Tall dropseed, Rough dropseed, RushgrassSporobole rude | Native, Likely secure | NYFA: 4-5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Sporobolus clandestinus (Biehler) Hitchc.1807. Agrostis clandestina Biehler1861. Sporobolus longifolius Alph.Wood1901. Sporobolus canovirens Nash1908. Sporobolus clandestinus Hitchc.1954. S. aspervar. canovirens Shinners1954. S. aspervar. clandestinus Shinners1995. S. compositusvar. clandestinus | Rough dropseed, Hidden dropseed | Native, Endangered Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 1 | USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

###### Sporobolus sect. Calamovilfa

* Because the genus Calamovilfa (sandreed) has been found to be embedded within a paraphyletic Sporobolus genus, Peterson et. al. (2014) recommended the transfer of the Calamovilfa species to a subsection within Sporobolus.
* ↑ Paul M. Peterson, Konstantin Romaschenko, Y. Herrera Arrieta, J.M. Saarela (2014). "A molecular phylogeny and new subgeneric classification of Sporobolus (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Sporobolinae)." TAXON 63(6) - December 2014: 1212–1243.
Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Zoysieae — Sporobolinae — Sporobolus sect. Calamovilfa :
| Genus Sporobolus subsect. Floridani | Dropseed | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Sporobolus heterolepis (A.Gray) A.Gray1835. Vilfa heterolepis A.Gray 1848. Sporobolus heterolepis in… | Northern dropseed, Prairie dropseed | Native, CoC: 10, Threatened FACU Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: 2 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Sporobolus subsect. Calamovilfa | Sandreed | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Sporobolus rigidus (Buckley) P.M.Petersonvar. magnus P.M.Peterson1901. Calamovilfa longifoliavar. magna Scribn.& Merr.2014. Sporobolus rigidusvar. magnus P.M.Peterson | Prairie sandreed, Sand reed-grass | Introduced, N. America native, Likely extirpated in NY | | NYFA: XZm | USDA-NN ITIS Images Wikispecies |

###### Sporobolus sect. Pyramidati

Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Zoysieae — Sporobolinae — Sporobolus sect. Pyramidati :
| Genus Sporobolus sect. Pyramidati subsect. Pyramidati | Dropseed | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Sporobolus pyramidatus (Lam.) Hitchc. | Whorled dropseed | Introduced, Impersistent | | NYFA: Xm | USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies |
| Sporobolus contractus Hitchc.1882. S. cryptandrusvar. strictus1901. S. strictus (Scribn.) Merr. (i)1915. S. contractus Hitchc. | Narrow-spiked dropseed, Spike dropseed | Introduced from  western U.S.A.,  northern Mexico, N.Y. excluded Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |

###### Sporobolus sect. Cryptandri

Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Zoysieae — Sporobolinae — Sporobolus sect. Cryptandri :
| Genus Sporobolus sect. Cryptandri | Dropseed | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) A.Gray1824. Agrostis cryptandra Torr.1840. Vilfa cryptandra (Torr.) Trin.1848. Sporobolus cryptandrus A.Gray1870. Sporobolus subinclusus Phil. | Sand dropseed, Prairie grassSporobole à fleurs cacnées | Native, Unranked FACU-UPL Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: U | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS BONAP Images Wikispecies |

###### Sporobolus sect. Sporobolus

Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Zoysieae — Sporobolinae — Sporobolus sect. Sporobolus :
| Genus Sporobolus sect. Sporobolus | Dropseed | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Sporobolus indicus | Blackseed, Smut grass | Introduced | | NYFA: Xm | USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies |

###### Sporobolus sect. Airoides

Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Zoysieae — Sporobolinae — Sporobolus sect. Airoides :
| Genus Sporobolus sect. Airoides | Dropseed | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Sporobolus airoides (Torr.) Torr.1824. Agrostis airoides Torr.1841. Vilfa airoides Trin. ex Steud.1854. Vilfa airoides Trin. ex Steud. hom?1856. Sporobolus airoides Torr. | Alkali sacaton | Introduced from  western N.A., Impersistent | | NYFA: Xm | USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

###### Sporobolus sect. Spartina

* Sporobolus michauxianus prairie cordgrassBecause the genus Spartina (Cordgrass) has been found to be embedded within a paraphyletic Sporobolus genus, Peterson et. al. (2014) recommended the transfer of the Spartina species to a section within Sporobolus.
* ↑ Paul M. Peterson, Konstantin Romaschenko, Y. Herrera Arrieta, J.M. Saarela (2014). "A molecular phylogeny and new subgeneric classification of Sporobolus (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Sporobolinae)." TAXON 63(6) - December 2014: 1212–1243.
* ↑ Mary Barkworth. "17.45 Treatment for Spartina Schreb." The Grass Manual on the Web.
Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Zoysieae — Sporobolinae — Sporobolus sect. Spartina :
| Genus Sporobolus sect. Spartina subsect. Spartina | Cordgrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Sporobolus michauxianus (Hitchc.) P.M.Peterson & Saarela1803. Trachynotia cynosuroides Michx.1820. Spartina pectinata Link1908. Spartina michauxiana Hitchc.2014. Sporobolus michauxianus P.M.Peterson & Saarela non Sporobolus pectinatus Hack. | Fresh water cordgrass, Prairie cordgrass | Native, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |
| Sporobolus pumilus (Roth) P.M.Peterson & Saarela1789. Dactylis patens Aiton1806. Spartina pumila Roth1817. Spartina patens Muhl.2014. Sporobolus pumilus P.M.Peterson & Saarela non Sporobolus patens Swallen | Saltmeadow cordgrass, Marshhay cordgrass, Marsh grass | Native, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Sporobolus cynosuroides (L.) P.M.Peterson & Saarela1753. Dactylis cynosuroides L.1803. Trachynotia cynosuroides Michx.1804. Paspalum cynosuroides Brot.1806. Spartina cynosuroides Roth1812. Spartina polystachya(Michx.) P. Beauv.1825. Cynodon cynosuroides Raspail | Salt reedgrass, Big cordgrass | Native, Likely secure | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies |
| Sporobolus × eatonianus P.M.Peterson & Saarela  Sporobolus michauxianus ×   Sporobolus pumilus1898. Spartina × caespitosaA.A.Eaton1906. Spartina patensvar. caespitosa Hitchc.2014. Sporobolus × eatonianus P.M.Peterson & Saarela non Sporobolus caespitosus Kunth | Marsh cordgrass hybrid, Hybrid of  Freshwater cordgrass &  Saltmeadow cordgrass | Native, Threatened | | NYFA: 2? | USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Sporobolus sect. Spartina subsect. Alterniflori | Cordgrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Sporobolus alterniflorus (Loisel.) P.M.Peterson & Saarela1803. Spartina alterniflora Loisel.1815. Trachynotia alterniflora DC.2014. Sporobolus alterniflorus P.M.Peterson & Saarela | Saltwater cordgrass, Smooth cordgrass | Native, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |

###### Sporobolus sect. Crypsis

* Sporobolus schoenoidesBecause the genus Crypsis (Picklegrass) has been found to be embedded within a paraphyletic Sporobolus genus, Peterson et. al. (2014) recommended the transfer of the Crypsis species to a subsection within Sporobolus.
* ↑ Paul M. Peterson, Konstantin Romaschenko, Y. Herrera Arrieta, J.M. Saarela (2014). "A molecular phylogeny and new subgeneric classification of Sporobolus (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Sporobolinae)." TAXON 63(6) - December 2014: 1212–1243.
Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Zoysieae — Sporobolinae — Sporobolus sect. Crypsis :
| Genus Sporobolus sect. Crypsis | Prickle grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Sporobolus schoenoides (L.) P.M.Peterson1753. Phleum schoenoides L. 1791. Crypsis schoenoides (L.) Lam. 1801. Heleochloa schoenoides (L.) Host 2014. Sporobolus schoenoides (L.) P.M.Peterson | Swamp pricklegrass, Swamp timothy, Rush-like timothyCrypside faux-choin, Crypsis faux-choin | Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa, Not naturalized OBL-FACU Annual, Graminoid | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |

### Tribe Cynodonteae
#### Subtribe Gouiniinae
##### Triplasis

Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Cynodonteae — Gouiniinae :
| Genus Triplasis | Sand grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Triplasis purpurea (Walter) Chapm.var. purpurea1788. Aira purpurea Walter1860. Triplasis purpurea Chapm. | Purple sandgrass | Native, Likely secure | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

#### Subtribe Eleusininae

* Subtribe Eleusininae Dumort. (1829) contains the genera Acrachne, Afrotrichloris, Apochiton, Astrebla, Austrochloris, Chloris, Chrysochloa, Coelachyrum, Cynodon, Daknopholis, Dinebra, Diplachne, Disakisperma, Eleusine, Enteropogon, Eustachys, Harpochloa, Leptochloa, Lepturus, Lintonia, Microachne, Microchloa, Oxychloris, Pommereulla, Rendlia, Rheochloa, Saugetia, Schoenefeldia, Sclerodactylon, Stapfochloa, and Tetrapogon. Those in bold type contain species found in New York. Of those, only Diplachne contains a species that is considered to be native.
* ↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

##### Diplachne

* Diplachne fusca bearded sprangletopBearded sprangletop (Diplachne fusca (L.) P. Beauv. ssp. fascicularis (Lam.) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow) is the only Diplachne species known to grow in the wild in New York State.
Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Cynodonteae — Eleusininae — Diplachne :
| Genus Diplachne | Sprangle top | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Diplachne fusca (L.) P.Beauv.ssp. fascicularis    Diplachne maritima E.P.Bicknell     Diplachne acuminata Nash     Diplachne fascicularis (Lam.) P.Beauv.     Leptochloa fusca  ssp. fascicularis       Diplachne fusca  ssp. fascicularis | Bearded sprangletop, Salt-meadow grass, Saltpond grass | Native, CoC: 7, Endangered OBL-FACW Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: 1 | USDA-NX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |

##### Stapfochloa

Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Cynodonteae — Eleusininae — Stapfochloa :
| Genus Stapfochloa | Windmill grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Stapfochloa ciliata | Fringed windmill grass | Introduced, N. America native, Impersistent | | NYFA: Xm | USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |

##### Chloris

* Chloris virgata
Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Cynodonteae — Eleusininae — Chloris :
| Genus Chloris | Windmill grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Chloris verticillata Nutt.1835. Chloris verticillata Nutt. | Tumble windmill grass ⓘ Windmill grass ⓘ | Introduced, N. America native, Impersistent | | NYFA: Xm NYFA: 2 counties iNat 2 counties | USDA-N0 POWO Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Chloris virgata Sw.1797. Chloris virgata Sw. 1816. Chloris elegans Kunth | Feather finger grass ⓘ Feather windmill grass ⓘ | Introduced, N. America native, Impersistent | | NYFA: Xm NYFA: 2 counties iNat no observations | USDA-N0 POWO Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |

##### Leptochloa

* Leptochloa crinita false rhodes grassSprangletop (Leptochloa, syn. Trichloris) species are not native to nor known to be naturalized in New York State, but an apparent waif of false rhodes grass (Leptochloa crinita) was collected in Westchester County in 1898.
* ↑ Peterson PM, Romaschenko K, Snow N, Johnson G. 2012. A molecular phylogeny and classification of Leptochloa (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Chlorideae) sensu lato and related genera. Annals of Botany, n.s. Oxford 109: 1317–1329.
Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Cynodonteae — Eleusininae — Leptochloa :
| Genus Leptochloa | Sprangletop | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Leptochloa crinita (Lag.) P.M.Peterson & N.Snow1805. Chloris crinita Lag. 1947. Trichloris crinita (Lag.) Parodi 2012. Leptochloa crinita in… | False rhodes grass | Introduced, N. America native, Impersistent | | NYFA: X | USDA-N ARS-GRIN ITIS IPN Images Wikispecies |

##### Cynodon

Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Cynodonteae — Eleusininae — Cynodon :
| Genus Cynodon | Bermuda grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.var. dactylon1753. Panicum dactylon L. 1805. Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. 1806. Digitaria stolonifera Schrad. 1891. Capriola dactylon (L.) Kuntze | Bermudagrass, Bermuda grass | Introduced | | NYFA: Xn | Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |

##### Eleusine

Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Cynodonteae — Eleusininae — Eleusine :
| Genus Eleusine Gaertn. | Goose grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.1753. Cynosurus indicus L.1788. Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.1854. Eleusine japonica Steud. | Goose grass, India goosegrass, Indian goosegrass | Introduced from  Africa,  Asia, Naturalized FACU Annual, Graminoid | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Eleusine Gaertn. (excluded taxa) | Goose grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Eleusine tristachya (Lam.) Lam.1786. Cynosurus tristachyos Lam.1792. Eleusine tristachya (Lam.) Lam. | American crowfoot grass | Introduced from  South American, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |

##### Eustachys

Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Cynodonteae — Eleusininae — Eustachys :
| Genus Eustachys | Finger grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Eustachys retusa (Lag.) Kunth | Argentine fingergrass | Introduced, Impersistent | | NYFA: X | USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies |

##### Dactyloctenium

Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Cynodonteae — Eleusininae — Dactyloctenium :
| Genus Dactyloctenium | Crowfoot-grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. (1809) | Crowfoot grass, Egyptian grass, Finger grass | Introduced, Impersistent | | NYFA: Xm | USDA-XX Images Wikispecies |

#### Subtribe Pappophorinae

* Subtribe Pappophorinae Dumort. (1829) contains the genera Neesiochloa, Pappophorum, and Tridens (excl. Tridentopsis}. Those in bold type contain species found in New York. Of those, only Tridens contains a species that is considered to be native.
* ↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

##### Tridens

* Tridens flavusNative purpletop (Tridens flavus) is the only species of Tridens found in New York.
Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Cynodonteae — Pappophorinae :
| Genus Tridens | tridens | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Tridens flavus (L.) Hitchc.var. flavus1753. Poa flava L. 1894. Sieglingia sesleroides (Michx.) Scribn. 1906. Tridens flavus (L.) Hitchc. 1913. Triodia flava (L.) Smyth | Purpletop tridens, Tall purple-topped fluffgrass, Purpletop, Redtop, Tall Red Top | Native, CoC: 0, Secure UPL Perennial, Perennial | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |

##### Pappophorum

* Pappophorum vaginatumPappus grass
Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Cynodonteae — Pappophorinae :
| Genus Pappophorum | Pappus grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Pappophorum vaginatum Buckley | Whiplash pappusgrass | Introduced, US South native, Impersistent | | NYFA: Xm | USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies |
| Pappophorum pappiferum (Lam.) Kuntze    Pappophorum pappiferum in… | Limestone pappus grass ⓘ Limestone pappusgrass ⓘ | Introduced from  Puerto Rico,  Virgin Islands, Not naturalized | | NYFA: Xm | USDA-XX Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Pappophorum (excluded taxa) | Pappus grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Pappophorum bicolor Fourn. | Pink pappusgrass | Introduced, US South native, Excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies |

#### Subtribe Traginae
##### Tragus

* Tragus racemosusBurr grass does not appear to naturalize in New York State, but these two Eurasian species were collected in 1889 in New York and Westchester Counties.
Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Cynodonteae — Traginae :
| Genus Tragus | Burr grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Tragus berteronianus Schult. | Spiked burr grass, Spiked bur grass, Texas bur, African bur grass | Introduced from  Africa,  Asia, Impersistent | | NYFA: Xm | USDA-XX ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Tragus racemosus (L.) All. | Spiked burr grass, Stalked bur grass, Texas bur, European bur grass | Introduced from  Africa,  Eurasia, Impersistent | | NYFA: Xm | USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |

#### Subtribe Monanthochloinae
##### Distichlis

* Distichlis spicataSaltgrass is found in salt marshes and brackish marshes, occasionally in dense stands in southeastern New York State.
Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Cynodonteae — Monanthochloinae :
| Genus Distichlis | Salt grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene | Saltgrass, Salt grass, Inland saltgrass | Native, CoC: 9, Secure FACW Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |

#### Subtribe Boutelouinae
##### Bouteloua

* Bouteloua curtipendulaBouteloua has about 20 species that are native to North America. The two that have been found in New York, sideoats grama and blue grama were both major components of the shortgrass prairie of the Great Plains. Sideoats grama is still common in the west, but has become rare in the east and in listed as endangered in New York. Blue grama is not considered to be native to the Northeast, and is a rare introduction to New York. See Plants of Monroe County.
* ↑ J.K. Wipff "17.46 Bouteloua Lag." published in Barkworth et al. (eds.), Flora of North America vol.
Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Cynodonteae — Boutelouinae — Bouteloua :
| Genus Bouteloua subg. Bouteloua | Grama | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. var. curtipendula1803. Chloris curtipendula Michx.1853. Bouteloua curtipendula Torr. | Sideoats grama, Side-oats grama, Tall grama grass | Native, Endangered, NYNHP: 1 | | NYFA: 1 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Bouteloua subg. Chondrosum | Grama | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Bouteloua gracilis (Willd. ex Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths1816. Chondrosum gracile Kunth in F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth 1817. Actinochloa gracilis (Kunth) Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. in Syst. Veg., ed. 1818. Atheropogon oligostachyus Nutt. in Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 78 1824. Atheropogon gracilis (Kunth) Spreng. in Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 1:293 1824. Eutriana gracilis (Kunth) Trin. in Gram. Unifl. Sesquifl.:240 1829. Eutriana oligostachya (Nutt.) Kunth in Révis. Gramin. 1:96 1853. Chondrosum oligostachyum (Nutt.) Torr. in R.B.Marcy, Explor. Red River Louisiana 1856. Bouteloua oligostachya (Nutt.) Torr. ex A.Gray in Manual, ed. 2:553 1887. Bouteloua major Vasey in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 14:10, nom. nud. 1912. Bouteloua gracilis (Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb., nom. cons. 2021. Chondrosum strictum (Vasey) Wipff in Phytoneuron 2021-53: 2 | Blue grama, Blue gramma, Eyelash grass | Introduced from  western N. America,  Mexico, N. America native, Not naturalized | | NYFA: Monroe, Ontario | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Bouteloua hirsuta Lag. var. hirsuta1805. Bouteloua hirsuta Lag. | Hairy grama | Introduced, N. America native | | NYFA: U | ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Bouteloua subg. Buchloe | Grama | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Bouteloua dactyloides (Nutt.) J.T.Columbus | Buffalograss, Buffalo-grass | Introduced from  central N. America, N. America native | | NYFA: U | USDA-NN ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Bouteloua curtipendula var. curtipendula. Endangered, S1/G5T5. ||||||

#### Subtribe Muhlenbergiinae
##### Muhlenbergia

* Muhlenbergia frondosa
Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Cynodonteae — Muhlenbergiinae — Muhlenbergia :
| Genus Muhlenbergia | Muhly | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Muhlenbergia frondosa (Poir.) Fernald1803. Agrostis lateriflora Michx.1810. Agrostis frondosa Poir.1833. M. lateriflora Trin. ex Kunth (i)1907. M. mexicanassp. commutata Scribn.1943. M. frondosa (Poir.) Fernald | Wirestem muhly, Wire-stemmed muhlyMuhlenbergie feuillée | Native, CoC: 4, Secure | | NYFA: 5 iNat | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Muhlenbergia glomerata (Willd.) Trin. auct. M. racemosa non BSP | Spike muhly, Spiked muhly, Bog muhly, Marsh muhlyMuhlenbergie agglomérée, Muhlenbergia agglomérée | Native, CoC: 10, Secure OBL-FACW | | NYFA: 5 iNat | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN Images Wikispecies |
| Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin.    Agrostis mexicana    M. ambigua    M. foliosa    M. mexicanavar. filiformis | Mexican muhly, Wire-stemmed muhly | Native, CoC: 4, Secure | | NYFA: 5 iNat | USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |
| Muhlenbergia schreberi J.F.Gmel. | Nimblewill, Nimblewill muhly, Schreber muhly | Native, CoC: 0, Secure | | NYFA: 5 iNat | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Muhlenbergia sobolifera (Muhl. ex Willd.) Trin. | Cliff muhly | Native, CoC: 8, Secure | | NYFA: 5 iNat | USDA-NN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Muhlenbergia sylvatica (Torr.) Torr. ex A. Gray | Woodland muhly, Forest muhly | Native, CoC: 6, Secure | | NYFA: 5 iNat | USDA-NN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Muhlenbergia tenuiflora (Willd.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. | Slender muhly | Native, CoC: 8, Secure, S5, G5 FACU, Graminoid | | NYFA: 5 iNat | USDA-NN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Muhlenbergia uniflora (Muhl.) Fernald | Fall dropseed muhly, Bog muhly | Native, CoC: 6, Likely secure | | NYFA: 4 iNat | USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |
| Muhlenbergia capillaris (Lam.) Trin. | Hairawn muhly | Native, CoC: 10, Likely extirpated | | NYFA: Z iNat | USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |
| Muhlenbergia asperifolia (Nees & Meyen ex Trin.) Parodi | Alkali muhly, Scratchgrass | Introduced, N. America native | | NYFA: X iNat | USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Muhlenbergia (excluded taxa) | Muhly | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Muhlenbergia torreyana (Schult.) Hitchc.    M. torreyana (Schult.) Hitchc. | New Jersey muhly | N. America native, N.Y. excluded FACW Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA-Excluded iNat | USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies |
| Muhlenbergia racemosa (Michx.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.    M. racemosa (Michx.)Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. | Marsh muhly | N. America native, N.Y. excluded FAC-FACU Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA-Excluded iNat | USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |

## Subfamily Aristidoideae

* Subfamily Aristidoideae Caro (1982) contains 364 species in 3 genera in one tribe: Aristideae.
* ↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

### Tribe Aristideae

* Tribe Aristideae C.E. Hubb. (1960) contains 364 species in 3 genera: Aristida,, Sartidia, and Stipagrostis.
* ↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

#### Aristida

* Aristida dichotomaThree awn (Aristida)
Poales — Poaceae — Aristidoideae — Aristida :
| Genus Aristida | Threeawn | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Aristida dichotoma Michx.var. dichotoma | Churchmouse threeawn, Shinners three-awned grass | Native, CoC: 3, Secure FACU Annual, Graminioid | NYFA: 5 iNat | USDA-NX Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Aristida purpurascens Poir.var. purpurascens | Arrow-feather threeawn ⓘ Arrow feather threeawn ⓘ Arrowfeather threeawn ⓘ | Native, CoC: 5, Unranked | NYFA: NU iNat | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Aristida tuberculosa Nutt. | Seaside threeawn ⓘ | Native, CoC: 7, Unranked Annual, Graminoid | NYFA: 3 iNat | USDA-N0 Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Aristida basiramea Engelm. ex Vasey | Forked threeawn, Forked three-awned grass, Branching needle-grass | Native, CoC: 0, Endangered, NYNHP: S1S2 | NYFA: U iNat | USDA-NN Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Aristida geniculata Raf.1816. Aristida gracilis Elliott 1817. Aristida geniculata Raf. 1901. Aristida intermedia Scribn. & C.R.Ball 1933. Aristida longespica  var. geniculata  (Raf.) Fernald 1954. Aristida necopina Shinners | Kearney’s threeawn | Native, CoC: 5, Endangered, NYNHP: S1 | NYFA: 1 iNat | USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Aristida longespica Poir. | Slimspike threeawn, Slim-spiked threeawn | Native, CoC: 8, Endangered, NYNHP: S1 | NYFA: H iNat | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Aristida adscensionis L.    Aristida fasciculata Torr. | Sixweeks threeawn, Six-weeks three-awn grass | Introduced, Waif | NYFA: X iNat | USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies |
| Aristida oligantha Michx. | Prairie three-awn grass | Introduced | NYFA: X iNat | Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ A. basiramea (Fork-tipped Threeawn) G5-S1S2-U New York Rare Plant Status Lists, March 2019, Compiled by Stephen M. Young, New York Natural Heritage Program. ↑ A. geniculata (Kearney's Threeawn) G5T5?-S1-U New York Rare Plant Status Lists, March 2019, Compiled by Stephen M. Young, New York Natural Heritage Program. ↑ A. longespica (Slender Threeawn) G5T5?-S1-U New York Rare Plant Status Lists, March 2019, Compiled by Stephen M. Young, New York Natural Heritage Program. ||||||

## Subfamily Arundinoideae

* Subfamily Arundinoideae Kunth ex Beilschm. (1833) contains 40 species in 16 genera in 2 tribes: Arundineae and Molinieae.
* ↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

### Tribe Molinieae

* Tribe Molinieae Jirásek (1966) contains 24 species in 13 genera: Crinipes, Dichaetaria, Dregeochloa, Elytrophorus, Hakonechloa, Leptagrostis, Molinia, Moliniopsis, Nematopoa, Phragmites, Piptophyllum, Styppeiochloa, and Zenkeria.
* ↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

#### Phragmites

* Phragmites australisThe vast majority of Phragmites (common reed) in New York today is of the introduced Eurasian lineage (haplotype M) Phragmites australis subsp. australis. The native lineage (haplotype E) P. australis subsp. americanus is only known to be present in the vicinity of Montezuma Swamp in Cayuga County, although it is likely to have been present, and may still be present elsewhere in the state.
* Although the native and non-native Phragmites strains normally share habitats (until the natives are replaced by the non-natives), hybrids of the two were not discovered in the field until 2014, when a hybrid clone was discovered at the Montezuma site.
* ↑ Kristin Saltonstall (2014). "Hybrid Phragmites australis in North America" Great Lakes Phragmites Collaborative website. October 2014.
Poales — Poaceae — Arundinoideae — Molinieae — Phragmites :
| Genus Phragmites | Reed | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Phragmites americanus (Saltonst., P.M.Peterson & Soreng)A.Haines2004. Phragmites australisssp. americanus 2010. P. americanus (Saltonst.,P.M.Peterson & Soreng) A.Haines auct. P. communisssp. berlandieri auct. P. communisvar. berlandieri | American reed, American common reed, American reedgrassRoseau d'Amérique | Native, CoC: 7, Rare, S3, G5-T4 FACW Perennial, Graminoid | | Cayuga (2004), Madison (2016), Monroe (2019), Oswego (2019), St.Lawrence (2008-19) NYFA: 3 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.1753. Arundo phragmites L.1799. Arundo australis Cav.1820. P. communis Trin.1841. P. australis Trin. ex Steud.1881. P. phragmites (L.) Karst. | Common reed, Phragmites, European reed, European reedgrass, PhragmitesRoseau commun | Introduced, Very highly invasive,  NYIS: 92%, Naturalized, CP-2, SP, G5-T5 FACW Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Phragmites australis × Phragmites americanus  P. australis ssp. americanus ×   P. australis ssp. australis | Hybrid of  American reed &  Common reed | Introduced, Unranked, Naturalized | | NYFA: U | USDA-X Go Botany BONAP CABI Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Phragmites (excluded species) | Reed | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Phragmites berlandieri E.Fourn.1877. P. berlandieri E.Fourn.1932. P. communisvar. berlandieri1954. P. communisssp. berlandieri1987. P. australisvar. berlandieri2007. P. australisssp. berlandieri | Subtropical common reed | N. America native, Excuded | | excluded NYFA-Excluded | USDA-N0 Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ Kristin Saltonstall, Paul M. Peterson, and Robert J. Soreng (2004) Recognition of Phragmites australis subsp. americanus (Poaceae:Arundinoideae) in North America: evidence from morphological and genetic analysis. SIDA 21(2): 683-692. ↑ Arthur Haines (2010) New Combinations in the New England Traceophyte Flora: Phragmites americanus (Saltonstall, P.M. Peterson, & Soreng) A. Haines, comb. et stat. nov. Stantec Botanical Notes ISSN 1541-8626, Number 13. 8 September 2010 ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Phragmites australis: Very high (92). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY. ↑ Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018) ↑ Saltonstall, K., Castillo, H. E., & Blossey, B. (2014). Confirmed field hybridization of native and introduced Phragmites australis (Poaceae) in North America. American journal of botany, 101(1), 211-215. ||||||

#### Molinia

* Molinia caeruleaMoorgrass (Molinia)
Poales — Poaceae — Arundinoideae — Molinia :
| Genus Molinia | Moor grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench1753. Aira caerulea L.1771. Melica caerulea L.1794. Molinia caerulea Moench | Purple moorgrass, Purple moor grassMolinie bleue | Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa FACU Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies |

### Tribe Arundineae

* Tribe Arundineae

#### Arundo

* Arundo donaxArundo donax (giant reed), native of Asia, is highly invasive in North America, but is so far very rare in New York State.
Poales — Poaceae — Arundinoideae — Arundineae — Arundo :
| Genus Arundo | Giant cane | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Arundo donax L.1753. Arundo donax L. in Sp. Pl.: 81 (1753) 1791. Aira bengalensis (Retz.) J.F.Gmel. in Syst. Nat., ed. 13[bis].: 174 1796. Arundo latifolia Salisb. in Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 24, nom. superfl. 1812. Donax arundinaceus P.Beauv. in Ess. Agrostogr.: t.16, f.4 1812. Donax versicolor (Mill.) P.Beauv. in Ess. Agrostogr.: t.16, f.5 1823. Scolochloa arundinacea (P.Beauv.) Mert. & W.D.J.Koch in J.C.Röhling, nom. superfl. 1825. Cynodon donax (L.) Raspail in Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5:302 1828. Scolochloa donax (L.) Gaudin in Fl. Helv. 1:202 1854. Amphidonax bengalensis (Retz.) Steud. in Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1:197 1854. Amphidonax bifaria Nees ex Steud. in Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1:197, pro syn. 1898. Donax donax (L.) Asch. & Graebn. in Fl. Nordostdeut. Flachl., not validly publ. | Giant reed Giant cane Elephant grass Spanish-reed | Introduced from  Asia, Highly invasive, Rare in NY FACU, Heliophily: 9 | | NYFA: Not listed iNat: Nassau (2020) GBIF: Bronx, Nassau | USDA-N0 POWO FSUS FNA Images Wikispecies |

## Subfamily Oryzoideae
### Tribe Oryzeae
#### Subtribe Oryzinae
##### Leersia

* Leersia oryzoidesThe genus Leersia contains the two common native cutrgrasses L. oryzoides (rice cut grass) and L. virginica (white cut grass).
Poales — Poaceae — Oryzoideae — Oryzeae — Oryzinae :
| Genus Leersia | Cut grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw. | Rice cutgrass, Ricegrass | Native, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Leersia virginica Willd. (1797) | Virginia cutgrass, Whitegrass | Native, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |

#### Subtribe Zizaniinae
###### Zizania

* Zizania aquatica
Poales — Poaceae — Oryzoideae — Oryzeae — Zizaniinae :
| Genus Zizania | Wildrice | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Zizania aquatica L. var. aquatica1753. Zizania aquatica L. 1803. Zizania clavulosa Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1:75 1827. Hydropyrum esculentum Link in Hort. Berol. 1:252 1840. Limnochloa caduciflora Turcz. ex Trin. in Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. 1841. Stipa angulata Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2:642, pro syn. 1967. Zizania aquatica var. subbrevis B.Boivin in Naturaliste Canad. | Annual wild rice Eastern wild rice Indian rice Southern wildrice Southern zizaniaZizanie à fleurs blanches Riz sauvage du sud Zizanie à fleurs blanches variété à fleurs blanches Zizanie aquatique du sud | Native, CoC: 6, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Annual, Graminoid | NYFA: 27 counties | USDA-NN FSUS Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Zizania palustris L. var. palustris1771. Zizania palustris L.1906. Zizania aquaticavar. angustifolia1971. Zizania aquaticassp. angustifolia | Northern wildrice, Northern wild rice | Native, CoC: 8, Unranked, SNR OBL Annual, Graminoid | NYFA: 19 counties | USDA-NN FSUS ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Zizania palustris L. var. interior1924. Zizania aquatica var. interior Fassett in Rhodora 26:158 1931. Zizania interior (Fassett) Rydb. in Brittonia 1:82 1969. Zizania palustris var. interior (Fassett) Dore in Wild-rice: 20 1990. Zizania aquatica ssp. interior (Fassett) S.L.Chen in Y.W.Yuan & al. | Interior wild rice | Native, CoC: 10, SH OBL Annual, Graminoid | NYFA: Jefferson (1921) iNat: no NY observations GBIF: none in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS FNA Images Wikispecies |

###### Luziola

* Tropical American watergrass was not known to be present in the United States until it was discovered to have invaded Lake Okeechobee, in southern Florida around 2008. As of 2014, it was not known to occur in USDA plant hardiness zones of 9 or lower (the highest zone in New York is 7). Despite its unlikely hardiness in the Northeast, Luziola subintegra is being tracked by iMapInvasives in Florida, New York, New Jersey, and Vermont.
* ↑ United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (2014) "Weed Risk Assessment for Luziola subintegra Swallen. (Poaceae) – Tropical American watergrass"
* ↑ New York Species Record for Tropical American Water Grass, Luziola subintegra Last Updated On: 5/17/2019
Poales — Poaceae — Oryzoideae — Oryzeae — Zizaniinae — Luziola :
| Genus Luziola | Watergrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Luziola subintegra Swallen1943. Luziola subintegra Swallen | Tropical American watergrass Large watergrass ⓘ | Introduced from  Mexico, Potentially invasive,  iMapInvasives,  GRIIS-US: Invaisve, Regulated | | NYFA: Not listed GBIF Florida only | Images Wikispecies |

### Tribe Ehrharteae
#### Ehrharta

* Ehrharta erecta, NSW, AustraliaIn North America, Ehrharta erecta (panic veldtgrass) is primarily present in California and the west coast of Mexico.
Poales — Poaceae — Oryzoideae — Ehrharteae — Ehrharta :
| Genus Ehrharta | Veldtgrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Ehrharta erecta Lam.1786. Ehrharta erecta Lam. 1855. Ehrharta abyssinica Hochst. | Panic veldtgrass | Introduced from  Eritrea to South Africa,  Réunion,  Arabian Peninsula, Highly invasive,  NYIS Tier: 1b,  Invasive.org: ,  GRIIS-US: invasive (category D2) | | NYFA: Not listed GBIF No observations | POWO Images Wikispecies |

## Subfamily Bambusoideae

The bamboo subfamily, Bambusoideae Luerss. (1893). Synonyms: Olyroideae Pilg. (1956), Parianoideae Butzin (1965).

### Tribe Arundinarieae

* The Arundinarieae contains about 500 temperate woody bamboo species. Most are native to Asia, with only three native to the Western Hemisphere. However, all bamboo species that are known to have naturalized in New York are considered to be invasive or potentially invasive.

#### Subtribe Arundinariinae

{{../txt--> |Subtribe Arundinariinae Nees ex Lindl. (1836) contains Acidosasa, Ampelocalamus, Arundinaria, Bashania, Bergbambos, Chimonobambusa, Chimonocalamus, Drepanostachyum, Fargesia, Ferrocalamus, Gaoligonshania, Gelidocalamus, Himalayacalamus, Indocalamus, Indosasa, Kuruna, Oldeania, Oligostachyum, Phyllostachys, Pleioblastus, Pseudosasa, Sarocalamus, Sasa, Sasaella, Sasamorpha, Semiarundinaria, Shibataea, Sinobambusa, Thamnocalamus, Vietnamocalamus, Yushania. }}

##### Arundinaria

* Arundinaria giganteaThe three North American bamboo or cane species comprise the genus Arundinaria and are from the southeastern United States. Although listed in New York's Non-Native Plant Species Invasiveness Assessment as moderately invasive, both of these species have been excluded from the New York Flora Atlas.
* ↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150
* ↑ Jimmy Triplett. Iowa State University. "Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Arundinaria (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)
* ↑ Jimmy K. Triplett & Lynn G. Clark (2009). "Towards a Stable Nomenclature for the North American Temperate Bamboos: Epitypification of Arundo gigantea Walt. and Arundinaria macrosperma Michx. (Poaceae)" Castanea Vol. 74, No. 3, pp. 207-212
* ↑ Jordan, M.J., G. Moore and T.W. Weldy. 2008. Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY; The Nature Conservancy, Albany, NY. Assessors: Gerry Moore; revised by Marilyn Jordan and SRC (2013).
Poales — Poaceae — Bambusoideae — Arundinarieae — Arundinariinae — Arundinaria :
| Genus Arundinaria | Cane | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Arundinaria tecta (Walter) Muhl.1788. Arundo tecta Walter1813. Arundinaria tecta Muhl.1871. A. macrospermavar. tecta Alph.Wood1893. A. giganteavar. tecta Scribn1973. A. giganteassp. tecta McClure | Switch cane | Introduced from  southern US, Moderately invasive,  NYIS: 60%, Excluded | excluded NYFA-Excluded | USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Arundinaria gigantea (Walter) Muhl.1788. Arundo gigantea Walter1803. Arundinaria macrosperma Michx.1813. Arundinaria gigantea Muhl.1818. Miegia gigantea Nutt.1973. A. giganteassp. macrosperma McClure | Giant cane, River cane, Canebreak bamboo | Introduced from  southern US, Potentially invasive,  NYIS: 60%, Excluded | excluded NYFA-Excluded | USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| 1 2 New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment . ||||||

##### Phyllostachys

* Phyllostachys aureaThe two Asian bamboo (Phyllostachys) species P. aureosulcata and P. aurea are listed as highly invasive if they are found to naturalize in New York.
* Confirmed presence records in iMapInvasives for unknown Phyllostachys species include:
* Erie County - 3/9/2021
* Delaware County - 3/21/2019
* Saratoga County - 8/5/2016
* Westchester County - 7/17/2015
* Westchester County - 7/20/2015
* Westchester County - 10/20/2020
* In addition there have been well over 20 confirmed records from Long Island and Staten Island.
* ↑ Jordan, M.J., G. Moore and T.W. Weldy. 2008. Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY; The Nature Conservancy, Albany, NY. Assessors: G. Moore, Steven Glenn, Marilyn Jordan & LIISMA SRC (2010) for "Phyllostachys aureosulcata & P. aurea
* ↑ New York State Invasive Species Tiers (2021). New York Natural Heritage Program
Poales — Poaceae — Bambusoideae — Arundinarieae — Arundinariinae — Phyllostachys :
| Genus Phyllostachys | Bamboo | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Phyllostachys aureosulcata McClure1945. Phyllostachys aureosulcata McClure1980. P. aureosulcata f. spectabilis | Yellow-groove bamboo | Introduced from  China, Potentially invasive,  NYIS: 71%,  NYIS Tier: Untiered,  iMapInvasives,  Invasive.org: ,  GRIIS-US: Invasive | NYFA: 0 NYFA: not listed iNat GBIF 5 counties | USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Phyllostachys aurea Carrière ex Rivière & C.Rivière1878. Phyllostachys aurea Rivière & al. | Golden bamboo, Fish-pole bamboo | Introduced from  China, Taiwan, Potentially invasive,  NYIS: 71%,  iMapInvasives,  Invasive.org: , Not listed in NY Flora Atlas | NYFA: 0 NYFA: Not listed iNat Ulster (2020) | USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Phyllostachys dulcis McClure1945. Phyllostachys dulcis McClure | Sweetshoot bamboo ⓘ 白哺鸡竹 bai bu ji zhu ⓘ | Introduced from  China, Highly invasive,  NYIS Tier: 1a,  Invasive.org: ,  GRIIS-US: Alien, Present, Not listed in NY Flora Atlas | NYFA: 0 NYFA: 0 counties iNat GBIF 0 counties | Images Wikispecies |
| Phyllostachys nuda McClure1945. Phyllostachys nuda McClure | Nude sheath bamboo | Introduced from  China, Taiwan, Moderately invasive,  NYIS Tier: buffer,  Invasive.org: , Not listed in NY Flora Atlas | NYFA: 0 NYFA: Not listed iNat GBIF 0 counties | ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| 1 2 New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment . ||||||

##### Pseudosasa

Poales — Poaceae — Bambusoideae — Arundinarieae — Arundinariinae — Pseudosasa :
| Genus Pseudosasa | Arrow bamboo | N.Y. Status | Distribution | 1 NPT |
| Pseudosasa amabilis (McClure) Keng f. ex S.L.Chen et al.1931. Arundinaria amabilis McClure1957. Pseudosasa amabilis Keng f. nom. inval.1996. Pseudosasa amabilis S.L.Chen et al. | Arrow bamboo, Tea-stick bamboo, Tonkin cane | Introduced from  China, Potentially invasive | NYFA: 0 | USDA-00 ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Pseudosasa japonica (Siebold & Zucc. ex Steud.) Makino ex Nakai1854. Arundinaria japonica Siebold & al.1912. Sasa japonica Makino1920. Pseudosasa japonica Makino nom. inval.1925. Pseudosasa japonica Nakai | Arrow bamboo | Introduced from  Japan, Korea, Potentially invasive,  NYIS: 55% | NYFA: 0 | USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Pseudosasa japonica: Potential (55). ||||||

##### Sasa

* Sasa palmataBroad-leaved bamboo (Sasa palmata) is on the iMapInvasives New York species list, which indicates that the species is being tracked in New York, Oregon, and New Jersey. No plants of this genus are currently listed in the New York Flora Atlas.
* ↑ iMapInvasives, New York Species Record for Sasa palmata. 29 Nov 2021.
* ↑ Weldy, Troy, David Werier, and Andrew Nelson. 2021 New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York. 29 Nov 2021.
Poales — Poaceae — Bambusoideae — Arundinarieae — Arundinariinae — Sasa :
| Genus Sasa | Broad-leaved bamboo | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Sasa palmata (Burb.) E.G.Camus1890. Bambusa palmata Burb. 1913. Sasa palmata (Burb.) E.G.Camus | Broad-leaved bamboo ⓘ | Introduced, Potentially invasive,  iMapInvasives | | NYFA: Not Listed iNat GBIF no observations | Images Wikispecies |

##### Pleioblastus

* Pleioblastus pygmaeusPygmy bamboo (Pleioblastus distichus) was collected at Central Park, Arsenal and Zoo, Red Panda enclosure, between 63rd and 64th Streets and between 5th and 6th Avenues in 2016.
* ↑ Ramirez J, Watson K, Thiers B, McMillin L (2021). The New York Botanical Garden Herbarium (NY). Version 1.41. The New York Botanical Garden. Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/6e8nje accessed via GBIF.org on 2021-11-30. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1929704251
Poales — Poaceae — Bambusoideae — Arundinarieae — Arundinariinae — Pleioblastus :
| Genus Pleioblastus | Pygmy bamboo | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Pleioblastus distichus (Mitford) Nakai    Pleioblastus distichus | Pygmy bamboo | Introduced, Potentially invasive,  iMapInvasives | | NYFA: xx counties iNat GBIF xx counties | Images Wikispecies |
| Pleioblastus sp.    Pleioblastus | Pygmy bamboo | Introduced, Potentially invasive,  iMapInvasives, Not naturalized | | NYFA: Xm NYFA: Orange (1995) iNat GBIF no observations | Images Wikispecies |