OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Peak Oil: High Tide for an Oil Addicted World/Conclusions
## Can we adapt? Can we survive?

Yes we can, and that is yes to both questions. We have done so in the past and we, no doubt will be able to do so in the future. It may not be easy and it may not be a pleasant experience but we can adapt and we can survive. Lets take the worse case scenario and say that there is a decline in world oil production and that lead to a Total Economic Collapse (TEC). What then? Would that mean that the human race will be extinct? That we would fail to survive? The human race is intelligent and, although we may not behave rationally all the time, we can analyse and solve problems when we put our minds to it. We may be short sighted and only think of our short-term selfish goals but there are other aspects of human nature. We may live in a socio-economic system that encourages selfishness and greed, but people are also capable of cooperation and self-sacrifice. It is well within our potential to rebuild and adapt to a drastic change in the way we live. People are already doing it. Individuals are working on their own personnel solutions. Groups have been formed to work together for a post carbon world. There is every possibility that we could be seeing the beginnings of a new socio-economic system. One that moves away from placing importance on material wealth, and is instead in balance with nature, focused on securing our long-term interests.
Maybe in the near future, immediately post peak, there will be suffering due to our lack of foresight and willingness to face up to the challenges that face us but beyond that there is room for great hope. We can actually build a better future but its up to us. The future is built on what we do today. What kind of future do we want for our children and grand children? Let's start building a better future today!
# Peak Oil: High Tide for an Oil Addicted World/Introduction

The purpose of this book is to provide a simple but comprehensive overview of the phenomenon known as ‘peak oil’. There are many books and other resources we recommend that cover peak oil and all its associated topics in detail, but we wanted to create an introduction for those who are new to the topic. We hope that what follows succeeds in being an overview, giving sufficient detail of most aspects of peak oil to be a firm grounding in the topic while encouraging deeper reading, but given in basic, layman's terms so that everyone can understand the situation at the high-tide of the hydrocarbon age.
What this means is that we will look at:
* what oil is, where it comes from, and what we do with it;
* what peak oil is;
* why people are confident that we are at, or nearly at the Peak;
* what the consequences of peak oil are likely to be for you, your family, society, and the world;
* what solutions there might be, including possible alternatives to oil; and
* what actions need to be taken now to mitigate the likely problems peak oil.
During the years we have been looking at this topic we have come across many questions that people ask, often in the hope that what peak oil entails isn’t actually true, so we have modeled this book on a gigantic FAQ, posing questions and answering each in turn.
A quick note about the people behind this book. We come from a variety of backgrounds united with one concern – the peak and decline of oil is the most imminent challenge modern society faces with the most incredibly serious potential consequences. To tackle this problem we need full awareness, debate and immediate action. No part of our society is immune from the decline of oil. This book is part of that awareness raising process.
# Peak Oil: High Tide for an Oil Addicted World
## Table of Contents

* Introduction
* A Summary of the Fundamentals
* Oil in Detail
* Energy Options
* Consequences
* Mitigation and Transition
* Personal Action
* Conclusions
* Useful Things to Know
* Resources

## Authors

This book was developed by the members of the PowerSwitch UK Peak Oil Action and Awareness Community.
# Pinyin/Lawmaker

A lawmaker is a person who makes laws for a country.
lihfaazhee shih weih guorjia lihfaa d rern.
# Pinyin/Layer

See also
A layer is a thickness of some material laid on or spread over a surface.
cerngmiahn shih fuhgaih 1'g miahn d 1-cerng cairliaoh.
# Pinyin/Lead To

See also
# Pinyin/Latin language

Search Pinyin language
# Pinyin/Laughter

Laughter
Laughter, everybody loves.
Laughter, makes everybody happy.
Laughter, causes people to be merry.
So, let everybody laughs!
xiaoh
xiaoh, meei'g rern dou aih.
xiaoh, lihng suooyoou rern kuaihleh.
xiaoh, shii rern yurkuaih.
suooyii, qiing dahjia yiqii xiaoh 'ba!
# Pinyin/Law

Law is the whole system of rules that everyone in a country or society must obey.
faalvh shih guorjia huoh shehhuih meeigehrern bihxu zunshoou d zheenggeh guizer xihtoong.
# Pinyin/Launch

See also
# Perl Programming/Keywords/cos
## The cos keyword

cos is the trigonometric function cose that assumes that X is in radians.
# Perl Programming/Keywords/die
## The die keyword

The die comment raises an exception. If called inside an eval, its message is stuffed into $@, and eval returns with the undef. If the exception is outside of all enclosing evals, the uncaught exception prints LIST to STDERR and exits with a non-zero value. For a specific exit code, exit should be called.
# Perl Programming/Keywords/dump
## The dump keyword

The dump function causes an immediate core dump. It is like a goto with an intervening core dump and a following reincarnation, where all the files that were open just before the core dump are closed. When starting again, the program starts at the LABEL.
# Perl Programming/Keywords/cmp
## The cmp keyword

cmp is a binary function that returns -1, 0, or 1 depending on whether the left argument is stringwise less than, equal to, or greater than the right argument. In other words, cmp does the same textually what the binary function <=> does.

### See also

* sort
# Perl Programming/Keywords/each
## The each keyword

each returns a two-element list consisting of the key and value for the next element of a hash, if called on a hash in list context. In Perl 5.12 and later only, it returns the index and value for the next element of an array. For older Perl versions, this is considered as a syntax error. When called in scalar context, it returns only the key (not the value) in a hash, or the index in an array.

### Examples
## See also

* Conditionals
# Perl Programming/Keywords/continue
## The continue keyword

continue is a flow-control statement, if followed by a BLOCK. In a BLOCK or BLOCK, each time before the conditional is to be evaluated, contents of BLOCK are executed. So, it can be used to increment a loop variable even after a next statement (that resembles to the continue statement of C and other languages).
The BLOCK may contain last, next, or redo commands, where last and redo show the same behaviour as if they had been called in the main block.

### See also

* next
# Perl Programming/Keywords/do
## The do keyword

do is the command that returns the value of the last command in the following command sequence BLOCK. When this command is modified by while or until, it executes the BLOCK once before checking the loop condition.
# Perl Programming/Keywords/closedir
## The closedir keyword

closedir closes a directory that has been opened with opendir. It returns true on success and false otherwise.

### Examples

| chdir | closedir | mkdir | opendir | readdir | rewinddir | rmdir | seekdir | telldir |
# Perl Programming/Keywords/delete
## The delete keyword

The delete command deletes a slice of a hash, if an EXPRESSION is given that specifies elements of a hash. After deletion, exists no more returns true for this element/these elements. Setting a hash element to undef does not remove its key, but the delete command does.
If it is called in list context, it returns the value(s) deleted. The returned list's length is equal to the original one with undefs in place of the deleted items. If called in scalar context, the last deleted value is returned.
delete can also be used for arrays and array slices with a less straightforward behaviour. In this case, although exists returns also false for deleted items, their indices will never change. To make the indices change, shift or splice has to be used.
WARNING: Calling delete on array values is deprecated and will probably be removed in a future version.

### See also

* exists
* shift
* splice
# Perl Programming/Keywords/close
## The close keyword

The function close closes the file or pipe associated with FILEHANDLE, flushes the I/O buffers, and closes the system file descriptor. Returns true, if all operations succeed and if no error was reported by any PerlIO layer. Closes the currently selected FILEHANDLE, if the argument is omitted.
As an open will close the FILEHANDLE, it is not necessary to close the FILEHANDLE in this case, although an explicit close on an input file resets the file counter ($.).

### See also

* open
# Pinyin/Red meat

Search Pinyin meat
English
Red meat is a term of nutrition. It is red in colour before cooking. The meat of all mammals are red meat, such as: pork, lamb, deer meat and rabbit meat, etc.
Chinese
horngrouh shih yirngyaangxuer d ciryuu. ta zaih pengrehn zhiqiarn shih horngseh. buuruudohngwuh d rouh dou shih horngrouh, rur: zhurouh, yarngrouh, luhrouh, tuhrouh deeng.
English
Many nutritionists thought that other kinds of meat are more healthy than red meat, because red meat is high in saturated fat. Some studies shown red meat can cause rectal cancer.
Chinese
heenduo yirngyaangxuerjia rehnweir qirta rouh bii horngrouh jiahnkang, yinweih horngrouh d baaoher zhifarng gao. yoouxie yarnjiu xiaanshih horngrouh huih daaozhih zhircharng`air.
# Pinyin/Refugee

Search Pinyin refugee
# Pinyin/Refrigerator

A refrigerator is a piece of equipment that is used for storing food at low temperatures.
xueeguih shih diwen chuucurn shirwuh d shehbeih.
# Pizzonese/Nouns and articles
## Noun gender

There are two genders of Pizzonese nouns: masculine and feminine, unlike in Neapolitan which also has a neuter case. They take the following articles:

### Indefinite article (a)

* na in front of a singular feminine noun that begins with a consonant
* nu in front of a singular masculine noun that begins with a consonant
* n’ in front of (any) singular noun that begins with a vowel

### Definite article (the)

* If the word is feminine, the first letter must be doubled
* In the case of masculine nouns the doubling may occur also, in front of the consonants z-, b-, br-, v-, and g-.
* le in front of a noun, masculine or feminine, singular or plural, that begins with a vowel

#### Singular

* la in front of a feminine noun that begins with a consonant
* glie in front of a masculine noun that begins with a consonant

#### Plural

* le in front of (any) plural noun that begins with a consonant (feminine nouns double the consonant)

### Notes

* Masculine nouns generally end in -e
* Feminine nouns generally end in -a
* As in Neapolitan, nouns beginning with a- tend to be feminine
* †Nouns in the feminine plural feature initial consonant doubling like in Neapolitan

## Plurals

A given noun's gender is not as clearly evident in Pizzonese as it is in Italian or even in Neapolitan. Most masculine nouns end in -e, most feminine nouns end in -e. Not all nouns change endings in the plural, ultimate vowel sounds do not change most of the time when forming plurals (unlike Italian), so they are useless in determination. Feminine nouns tend to double the first consonant when they are plural. The best way to determine the gender of a noun is by its article or by the endings on any modifiers it may have, for example: gle retratte, masculine; la bettiglia, feminine; le retriétte masculine plural; le bbettiglie feminine plural.
The plural is sometimes formed by changing the body of the word itself (as in Neapolitan). This primarily happens in words already ending in -e and -a to begin with, for example gle vuaglióne becomes le vuagliune and la canzóna becomes le canzune. With many nouns though, they stay the same in both the singular and the plural, as in lu/le quetiéglie, both masc. singular and masc. plural.
# Pizzonese/Greetings

The greetings in Pizzonese are pretty simple, but are different depending on your location (Italy vs. Americas), but they are not as complex and are similar to those of Neapolitan proper.
| Pizzonese | English |
| halò | hello (on phone) |
| hé | informal hello |
| bongiorne | good morning |
| bonasera | good evening |
| štate buone | goodbye |
| baje | informal goodbye |
# Pizzonese/Miscellanous
## Adverbs
### Chronological adverbs

| Pizzonese | English |
| mò | now |
| doppe | later |
| prima | before |
| puo | then |
| sùbbete | soon |
| vuje | today |
| dumane | tomorrow |
| jiére | yesterday |
| sembe | always |
| maje | never |
| priéšte | early |
| tarde | late |

### Locative adverbs

| Pizzonese | English |
| ecche | here |
| loche | there |
| vicina | near |
| luntane | far |
| niénza | in front of |
| arreda | behind |
* ecche here
* loche there
* vicina near
# Pizzonese/Orthography

| Aa | hà | Bb | bí | Cc | cí | Dd | dí |
| Ee | hè | Ff | effe | Gg | gí | Hh | hacca |
| Ii | hì | Jj | hì lónga | Ll | helle | Mm | hemme |
| Nn | henne | Oo | hò | Pp | pí | Qq | cù |
| Rr | herre | Ss | hesse | Tt | tí | Uu | hù |
| Vv | vù | Zz | zetta | | | | |

## Final vowels and vowel reduction

A good portion of Pizzonese words end in -e, this unstressed e stands for the schwa sound that has become such a distinct part of Southern Italian languages. The schwa (the English uh sound) is the most frequent vowel in Pizzonese, let alone in the Neapolitan language continuum itself. In Pizzonese, any unstressed a, e, o, i, and u in writing can be weakened into short versions of themselves, and are even simplified down to a schwa in some situations. The a stays the strongest out of all the vowels though, and is only partially weakened most of the time, so that way you can still tell the original a sound. Examples of vowel reduction are in the words cumenzà and camminié. Similarly, Neapolitan has much the same guidelines as Pizzonese. (Or should I say otherwise!)

## Consonants

The consonants of Pizzonese are b, c, d, f, g, h, j, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, and z. Depending on the consonant, they could be basic as in English, they could be palatalized, silent, or operate in conjunction with another letter. Here's an explanation of all vowels and vowel combinations.

#### Regular consonants

The regular consonants' are pronounced consistently and as in English and Italian with the only modification being doubling, being b, d, f, j, l, m, n, p, r, s, and t

#### Digraphs

There are as the above, except they are digraphs or accented, and thus not counted as letters on their own:
* c: pronounced as in English and Italian before a, o, and u, but before e and i, they are...
# Pizzonese/Conjunctions
## Coordinating conjunctions

| Pizzonese | English |
| e | and |
| o | or |
| ma | but |
| nè..nè | neither..nor |

## Subordinating conjuctions

| Pizzonese | English |
| pechè | since |
| comusse, cóme | as |
| fin’a | until |
| se | if |
| attramente | while |
| prima | before |
| quonde (ref. prn.) pare | whenever |
# Pizzonese/Havè

* English: to have
* Italian: havere
Past participle: havute Gerund: havenne
To form the compound tenses add the auxiliary verb (havè) + past participle (štate)

## Indicative tenses
### Present tense

       ji haja tu havira éssa havera nù havéma vù havéta isse haverna

### Imperfect

       ji havéva tu haviva éssa havéva nù havavamma vù havavateve isse havévena

### Remote past

       ji haviétta tu havista éssa havetta nù havamma vù havata isse haviettena or havierna

## Conjunctive tenses
### Imperfect

       ji havéssa tu havissa isse havésse éssa havéssa nù havéssema ù havisseve isse havissene chille havéssena

## Notes

* As with most other verbs (except for esse’), havè has no conditional and future tenses
* Havè is used mainly as an auxiliary verb, otherwise it means "to must (have to)"; tenè is used for expressing ownership
# Pizzonese/Interrogatives
## Interrogative pronouns

| Pizzonese | English |
| chi? | who? |
| chè cosa? | what? |
| quale? (pl. quole?) | which (one/s)? |

## Interrogative adjectives

| Pizzonese | English |
| chè? | what (kind of)? |
| quale? (pl. quole?) | which? |
| quanta/e? (pl. quonta/e?) | how much? how many? |

## Interrogative adverbs

| Pizzonese | English |
| cóme? | how? |
| (a)ddò? | where? |
| pecchè? | why? |
| quande? | when? |
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Places/Knockturn Alley
## General Overview

Knockturn Alley is a street of shops and vendors specializing in the darker forms of magic. The one shop named on this street is Borgin and Burkes.

## Extended Description

As there is a part of London where regular wizards can go to buy magical equipment, namely Diagon Alley, so must there be a place where dark wizards carry out their business. Knockturn Alley (pun: "nocturnally") is that place. Shunned by all right-thinking wizards, Knockturn Alley is the place where you would go to buy a Hand of Glory, Flesh-Eating Slug Repellent, or "things that looked alarmingly like whole human fingernails". It holds a certain illicit glamour for young wizards, like Fred and George Weasley, who (once they set up shop) likely use certain ingredients available only there for some of the magic that they sell in their store.
In Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, when Harry is using Floo powder to get to Diagon Alley, he apparently travels "one grate too far", accidentally turning up in Borgin and Burkes, on Knockturn Alley. He is led out of Knockturn Alley and back to Diagon Alley by Hagrid, who had gone to get some flesh-eating slug repellant. Later, when the party breaks up to do their separate shopping errands, Mrs. Weasley feels she has to warn the twins not to go into Knockturn Alley.
At one point when the Weasley family are preparing to visit Diagon Alley to buy school supplies, Mrs. Weasley again explicitly warns the Twins not to enter Knockturn Alley.
In Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, Harry, Hermione, and Ron sneak off from Weasleys' Wizard Wheezes and follow Draco Malfoy into Knockturn Alley. They then eavesdrop on him as he talks to Borgin about something he is buying, using Extendable Ears. Hermione's subsequent attempt to determine what it was that Draco was interested in fails, as she is not good at that kind of subterfuge.

## Analysis

Many readers must wonder why such a hot-bed of Dark magic is allowed to remain so close to the main mercantile center of Wizarding London. Would it not be better to eliminate it and the associated Dark enterprises? Likely it has not been cleaned up for the same reason that spymasters are allowed to stay in business when they are known — if you keep all your evil-doers in one place, it is much easier to keep track of them.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.

## Greater Picture

Though we only enter Knockturn Alley twice, we visit Diagon Alley in five of the seven books. (Mrs. Weasley does the school shopping in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix.) With the ascendancy of Voldemort, Diagon Alley gets successively less cheerful. By the time of our visit in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, there seems to be little difference between Diagon Alley and Knockturn Alley, and by the time of our visit in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, the only difference seems to be that there are more shuttered or boarded up places of business in Diagon Alley.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Places/Honeyduke's Sweetshop
## General Overview

Honeyduke's Sweet Shop is a candy and treat store in the Village of Hogsmeade. It is very popular among Hogwarts students, on those occasions when they are allowed into the village ("Hogsmeade weekends").

## Extended Description

Honeyduke's is also the terminus of one of the secret passages out of the school, used extensively by Harry in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, and also presumably by Sirius Black to enter the school in that same book. Once Harry has received permission to visit Hogsmeade on the weekends, which he does at the end of the book, he has little further need for that passage. The only other mention of that passage is the note in passing that "all known secret passages into the school" have been sealed, mentioned in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows.
Because of this, it seems that we see Honeyduke's to any great extent only in the third book. There is passing mention of the store, which Harry apparently visits many other times he is in Hogsmeade, but it seems much of his interest in the village is centered on The Three Broomsticks. In the sixth book, we do visit Honeyduke's during the only Hogsmeade visit that year: Harry, Ron, and Hermione run into Professor Slughorn, who is there buying some of his favorite crystallized pineapple.
In the third book, it is noted that there is a section of the store devoted to "unusual tastes", including blood-based treats clearly intended for vampires, and Cockroach Clusters. One must wonder exactly which sub-group of wizards would be interested in the last, however, as we are not introduced to any insectivore wizards in the series. That specific treat, though, does reappear; for some unknown reason, Professor Dumbledore, who uses the names of sweets as the password for his office door, at one point is found to have Cockroach Cluster as his office password.

## Analysis

What could possibly be more likely than having a confectionery within walking distance of a boarding school? It is almost necessary to have a candy store near Hogwarts. Strictly speaking, though, it is not necessary to the story, and as such could have been left out without any immediate harm to the main story, as in fact it is not mentioned in the first two books, and barely even touched upon after the third. It is, however, a testament to the forethought of the author that, needing a place for a tunnel from Hogwarts to surface, she recognized the necessity of a sweet shop in the village and placed the tunnel terminus there. In fact, having the tunnel lead to Honeyduke's is quite possibly the reason it was initially created; one can see a perceived need on the part of students to get to a sweet shop, and it would be possible for a student, of magical ability on a par with the Marauders or the Twins, to create such a passageway in their hour of perceived need.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.