# Flora of New York/Myrtales

| ← Geraniales Geraniaceae | Flora of New York — Myrtales | Flora of New York — Myrtales | Flora of New York — Myrtales | Flora of New York — Myrtales | → Crossosomatales, Sapindales |
| ← Geraniales Geraniaceae | Table of contents | Genus index | Protected species index | Invasive species index | → Crossosomatales, Sapindales |
* The order Myrtales is believed to have originated about 100 million years ago in either southeast Africa or Australasia. It contains the New York plant families Onagraceae (willowherb or evening primrose family), Lythraceae (loosestrife or pomegranate family), and Melastomataceae, which contains just two species found in New York.
| Clades | Order | Family | Subfamily | Tribe | Genus | Common names | # |
| angiosperms   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Geraniales | Geraniaceae | — | — | Erodium | stork's-bill | 5 |
| angiosperms   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Geraniales | Geraniaceae | — | — | Geranium | crane's-bill | 15 |
| angiosperms   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Myrtales | Onagraceae | Ludwigioideae | — | Ludwigia | primrose willow | 5 |
| angiosperms   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Myrtales | Onagraceae | Onagroideae | Circaeeae | Circaea | enchanter's nightshade | 3 |
| angiosperms   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Myrtales | Onagraceae | Onagroideae | Epilobieae | Chamaenerion | fireweed | 1 |
| angiosperms   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Myrtales | Onagraceae | Onagroideae | Epilobieae | Epilobium | willow herb | 9 |
| angiosperms   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Myrtales | Onagraceae | Onagroideae | Onagreae | Gaura | bee blossom | 0 |
| angiosperms   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Myrtales | Onagraceae | Onagroideae | Onagreae | Oenothera | evening primrose | 17 |
| angiosperms   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Myrtales | Lythraceae | Lagerstroemioideae | — | Trapa | water chestnut | 1 |
| angiosperms   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Myrtales | Lythraceae | Punicoideae | — | Cuphea | waxweed | 1 |
| angiosperms   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Myrtales | Lythraceae | Punicoideae | — | Rotala | toothcup | 1 |
| angiosperms   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Myrtales | Lythraceae | Lythroideae | — | Decodon | water willow | 1 |
| angiosperms   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Myrtales | Lythraceae | Lythroideae | — | Lythrum | loosestrife | 4 |
| angiosperms   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Myrtales | Melastomataceae | Melastomatoideae | Melastomateae | Rhexia | meadow beauty | 2 |

## Family Onagraceae

The Onagraceae (willowherb or evening primrose family)...

### Subfamily Ludwigioideae
#### Ludwigia
##### Ludwigia sect. Isnardia

* Ludwigia palustris
Myrtales — Onagraceae — Ludwigioideae — Ludwigia sect. Isnardia :
| Genus Ludwigia sect. Isnardia | Primrose-willow | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Ludwigia palustris (L.) Elliott1753. Isnardia palustris  L. 1803. Ludwigia nitida  Michx. 1813. Isnardia nitida  (Michx.) Poir. 1817. Ludwigia palustris  (L.) Elliott 1935. Ludwigia palustris  var. americana  (DC.) Fernald & Griscom 1836. Isnardia ascendens  J.Hall | Water purslane, Marsh seedbox, Marsh primrose-willow, Marsh purslane, Water false loosestrifeLudwigie palustre, Ludwigie des marais | Native, CoC: 4, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, Sun | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Ludwigia sect. Isnardia (excluded taxa) | Primrose-willow | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Ludwigia polycarpa Short & R.Peter | Many-fruit seedbox | N. America native, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | VASCAN Images Wikispecies |

##### Ludwigia sect. Ludwigia

Myrtales — Onagraceae — Ludwigioideae — Ludwigia sect. Ludwigia :
| Genus Ludwigia sect. Ludwigia | Primrose-willow | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Ludwigia alternifolia L.1753. Ludwigia alternifolia L.1828. Isnardia alternifolia (L.) DC. | Bushy seedbox, Rattlebox, Seedbox, Square-pod   water-primroseLudwigie à   feuilles alternes | Native, CoC: 6, Likely secure OBL-FACW Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

##### Ludwigia sect. Microcarpium

Myrtales — Onagraceae — Ludwigioideae — Ludwigia sect. Microcarpium :
| Genus Ludwigia sect. Microcarpium | Primrose-willow | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Ludwigia sphaerocarpa Elliott1817. Ludwigia sphaerocarpa Elliott1828. Isnardia sphaerocarpa (Elliott) DC.1935. L. sphaerocarpavar. deamii1935. L. sphaerocarpavar. jungens1935. L. sphaerocarpavar. macrocarpa | Globe-fruited   false-loosestrife, Globefruit   primrose-willow, Round-pod   water-primrose | Native, CoC: 9, Threatened OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 2 | USDA-N0 ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

##### Ludwigia sect. Jussiaea

* Ludwigia peploidesLudwigia sect. Jussiaea (L.) Hoch, W.L.Wagner, & P.H.Raven was previously known as Ludwigia sect. Oligospermum.
* ↑ Peter C. Hoch, Warren L. Wagner, Peter Raven (2015). "The correct name for a section of Ludwigia L. (Onagraceae). PhytoKeys 50: 31-34.
Myrtales — Onagraceae — Ludwigioideae — Ludwigia sect. Oligospermum :
| Genus Ludwigia sect. Oligospermum | Primrose-willow | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Ludwigia peploides (Kunth) P.H.Ravenssp. glabrescens (Kuntze) P.H. Raven1891. Jussiaea repens  var. glabrescens  Kuntze 1953. Ludwigia adscendens  var. glabrescens  (Kuntze) H. Hara 1963. Ludwigia peploides  ssp. glabrescens  (Kuntze) P.H. Raven 1964. Ludwigia peploides  var. glabrescens  (Kuntze) Shinners  auct. Jussiaea diffusa | Floating primrose-willow, Floating seedbox, Clovestrip, Creeping water-primrose | Introduced from  South America,  Southern U.S., Very highly invasive,  NYIS: 89%, Prohibited OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 1? NYFA: 3 counties iNat 5 counties | USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos CABI Images Wikispecies |
| Ludwigia hexapetala (Hook. & Arn.) Zardini, H.Y.Gu & P.H.Raven1833. Jussiaea hexapetala Hook. & Arn. 1991. L. hexapetala (Hook. & Arn.)Zardini, H.Y.Gu & P.H.Raven 2000. L. grandiflora  ssp. hexapetala  (Hook. & Arn.) G.L.Nesom & Kartesz 2012. L. grandiflora  var. hexapetala  (Hook. & Arn.) D.B.Ward  auct. L. uruguayensis pp.non (Cambess.) H.Hara | Common water-primrose, Uruguayan   primrose-willow, Uraguay waterprimrose, Water-primrose, Large-flower   primrose-willow | Introduced from  South America,  Southern U.S., Very highly invasive,  NYIS: 88%, Prohibited OBL Perennial, Herb-subshrub | | NYFA: X | USDA-X0 Go Botany-0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos CABI Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Ludwigia sect. Oligospermum (excluded taxa) | Primrose-willow | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Ludwigia grandiflora (Michx.) Greuter & Burdet1830. Jussiaea uruguayensis Cambess. 1953. L. uruguayensis (Cambess.) H. Hara 1987. L. grandiflora (Michx.) Greuter & Burdet | Large-flowerprimrose-willow | Introduced from  South America,  Southern U.S., N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-X ARS-GRIN CABI Images Wikispecies |
| Ludwigia peploidesssp. peploides | Floating primrose-willow ⓘ Water primrose ⓘ | N. America native  southwest, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-N0 CABI Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Ludwigia peploides: Very high (89). 1 2 New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Ludwigia peploides: Very high (88). ||||||

### Subfamily Onagroideae
#### Tribe Circaeeae
##### Circaea

Circaea (Enchanter's-nightshade)
Myrtales — Onagraceae — Onagroideae — Circaeeae — Circaea :
| Genus Circaea | Enchanter's-nightshade | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Circaea canadensis (L.) Hill1753. C. lutetianavar. canadensis1756. C. latifolia Hill (i)1765. C. canadensis (L.) Hill1870. C. lutetianassp. canadensis1939. C. quadrisulcatavar. canadensis1945. C. canadensisvar. virginiana1982. C. quadrisulcatassp. canadensis2005. C. canadensisssp. canadensis | Eastern enchanter's nightshade, Broadleaf enchanter's nightshade, Broad-leaved enchanter's nightshade, Canada enchanter's nightshadeCircée du Canada, Circée de Lutèce | Native, CoC: 5, Secure FACU Perennial, Herb-forb, Part shade | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-N Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Circaea alpina L.ssp. alpina1753. Circaea alpina L.1841. C. lutetianavar. alpina1898. C. lutetianassp. alpina1912. C. caulescensrace alpina1934. C. caulescensvar. glabra1934. C. caulescensvar. rosulata1934. C. caulescensfo. ramosissima | Dwarf enchanter's nightshade, Northern enchanter's nightshade, Small enchanter's nightshadeCircée alpine, Circée des Alpes | Native, CoC: 8, Secure FACW Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-N Go Botany VASCAN ITIS Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Circaea × sterilis Boufford  Circaea alpina ×   Circaea canadensis2005. Circaea ×‌ sterilis Boufford auct. C. × intermedia non Ehrh. auct. C. canadensis sensu Fernald | Sterile enchanter's-nightshade Intermediate enchanter's nightshadeCircée de Fernald ⓘ Circée intermédiaire ⓘ | Native, Threatened | | NYFA: 2 | USDA-N Go Botany VASCAN Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Circaea (excluded taxa) | Enchanter's-nightshade | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Circaea × intermedia Ehrh. (pro. sp.)  Circaea alpina ssp. alpina ×   Circaea lutetiana1789. Circaea intermedia Ehrh. 1806. C. lutetiana  var. intermedia  (Ehrh.) Hornem. 1828. C. alpina  var. intermedia  (Ehrh.) DC. 1901. C. lutetiana  ssp. intermedia  (Ehrh.) Rouy & E.G.Camus  auct. C. canadensis sensu Fernald | Intermediate enchanter's-nightshade Enchanter's-nightshade | N. America native, N.Y. excluded FACU | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ David Edward Boufford (2005) "Circaea lutetiana sensu lato (Onagraceae) reconsidered." Harvard Papers in Botany 9(2):255-256. ||||||

#### Tribe Epilobieae

* The Epilobieae comprise the fireweeds and willowherbs, which roughly correspond to the sister genera Chamaenerion and Epilobium, respectively. Differences between these two genera include:
| Characteristic | Chamaenerion (fireweed) | Epilobium (willowherb) |
| Leaf arrangement | spiral | mostly opposite |
| Flower symmetry | zygomorphic (bilateral) | mostly radial |
| Floral tube | absent | present |
| Notch in the petals | absent | present |

##### Chamaenerion

Myrtales — Onagraceae — Onagroideae — Epilobieae — Chamaenerion :
| Genus Chamaenerion | Fireweed | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop.ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Moldenke1847. Epilobium angustifolium  var. canescens  Alph. Wood 1966. Epilobium angustifolium  ssp. circumvagum  Mosquin 1973. Chamaenerion angustifolium  ssp. circumvagum  (Mosquin) Moldenke 1999. Chamerion angustifolium  ssp. circumvagum  (Mosquin) Hoch | Fireweed ⓘ Narrow-leaved fireweed ⓘ Wandering fireweed ⓘ Épilobe vagabond ⓘ | Native, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Chamaenerion (excluded taxa) | Fireweed | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop.ssp. angustifolium1753. Epilobium angustifolium L. 1771. Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop. 1778. Epilobium spicatum Lam. 1821. Chamaenerion spicatum (Lam.) Gray 1916. Pyrogennema angustifolium (L.) Lunell 1972. Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub | Fireweed ⓘ Narrow-leaved fireweed ⓘ Épilobe à feuilles étroites Herbe-à-feu Asperge Bouquets rouges Épilobe en épi | N. America native, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | VASCAN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |

##### Epilobium

* Epilobium ciliatumPlants of the genus Epilobium often go by the common name willowherb because of their willow-shaped leaves and herbaceous habits.
Myrtales — Onagraceae — Onagroideae — Epilobieae — Epilobium :
| Genus Epilobium sect. Epilobium | Willowherb | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Epilobium coloratum Biehler1807. Epilobium coloratum Biehler | Eastern willow-herb, Purpleleaf willowherb, Purple-veined willowherb, Cinnamon willow-herb, WillowweedÉpilobe coloré | Native, CoC: 2, Secure, S5, G5 OBL-FACW Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Epilobium ciliatum Raf. ssp. ciliatum1808. Epilobium ciliatum Raf. in Med. Repos. 2(5):361 1879. Epilobium chilense Hausskn. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 29:118 1879. Epilobium valdiviense Hausskn. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 29:118 1879. Epilobium adenocaulon Hausskn. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 29:119 1918. Epilobium glandulosum var. adenocaulon (Hausskn.) Fernald in Rhodora 20:35 | Fringed willow-herb, Northern willow-herb, Hairy willow-herb, American willow-herb, Coast willowweedÉpilobe cilié | Native, CoC: 3, Secure, S5, G5-T5 FACW-FAC Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Epilobium × wisconsinense Ugente  E. ciliatum ssp. ciliatum ×   E. coloratum    E. × wisconsinense Ugente | Wisconsin   hybrid willow-herb, Wisconsin willow-herb, Hybrid of  Fringed willow-herb &  Eastern willow-herbÉpilobe du Wisconsin | Native, unranked, SNA Perennial, Herb-forb | | Otsego (1919) NYFA: U | USDA-NN VASCAN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Epilobium leptophyllum Raf.1813. E. rosmarinifolium Pursh1814. E. leptophyllum Raf.1918. E. densumvar. nesophilum1925. E. nesophilum Fernald1966. E. palustrevar. sabulonense1988. E. palustrevar. gracile | Bog willowherb, Linearleaf willowherb, Linear-leaved willow-herb, Narrow-leaved willowherbÉpilobe leptophylle, Épilobe à feuilles étroites | Native, CoC: 7, Secure OBL-FACW Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Epilobium strictum Muhl. ex Spreng.1813. Epilobium strictum Muhl.1814. E. densum Raf.1825. E. strictum Muhl. ex Spreng. | Downy willow-herb, Northeastern willowherb, Soft willowherbÉpilobe dressé, Épilobe étroite | Native, CoC: 8, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Epilobium palustre L.1753. Epilobium palustre L.1771. Chamaenerion palustre Scop.1803. E. oliganthum Michx.1813. E. lineare Muhl. illeg.1900. E. wyomingense A.Nelson1925. E. pylaieanum Fernald | Marsh willow-herb, Swamp willowherbÉpilobe palustre, Épilobe des marais | Native, CoC: 7, Likely secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Epilobium hornemannii Rchb.ssp. hornemannii1810. E. nutans Hornem. illeg. 1824. E. hornemannii Rchb. 1827. E. alpinum  var. nutans  Hornem. 1879. E. bongardii Hausskn. 1887. E. alsineifolium  var. hornemannii  Lange 1900. E. foucaudianum H.Lév. 1918. E. steckerianum Fernald | Hornemann's willowherb, Alpine willow-herbÉpilobe de Hornemann, Épilobe d'Hornemann | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, NYNHP: 1 FACW Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 1 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos NatureServe IPN Images Wikispecies |
| Epilobium hirsutum L.1753. Epilobium hirsutum L. | Great hairy willow-herb ⓘ Great willow-herb ⓘ Hairy willow herb ⓘ Hairy willowherb ⓘ Hairy willow-herb ⓘ Hairy willow-weed ⓘ Codlins and cream ⓘ Fireweed Willow-herb ⓘ Épilobe hirsute Épilobe hérissé | Introduced from  Eurasia, Africa, Moderately invasive,  NYIS: 63% FACW Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Epilobium parviflorum Schreb.1771. Chamaenerion parviflorum Schreb.1771. E. parviflorum Schreb.1778. E. molle Lam. non Torr. | Smallflower hairy willowherb, Hoary willowherbÉpilobe à petites fleurs | Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa, Potentially invasive,  iMapInvasives OBL-FACW Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos NatureServe Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Epilobium sect. Epilobium (excluded taxa) | Willowherb | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Epilobium ciliatum Raf.ssp. glandulosum (Lehm.) Hoch & P.H.Raven    E. glandulosum Lehm.     E. glandulosum var. cardiophyllum Fernald     E. ciliatum  ssp. glandulosum  (Lehm.) Hoch & P.H.Raven | Glandualar willowherb ⓘ Fringed willowherb ⓘ American willowherb ⓘ Épilobe glanduleux ⓘ Épilobe glanduleuse ⓘ | N. America native, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN IPN Images Wikispecies |
| Epilobium anagallidifolium Lam.1753. E. alpinum L. (i) 1786. E. anagallidifolium Lam. 1906. E. dielsii H.Lév. 1911. E. nakahararum Nakai (i) | Pimpernel willowherb ⓘ Pimpernel willow-herb ⓘ Alpine willowherb ⓘ Alpine willowweed ⓘ Épilobe à feuilles de mouron ⓘ Épilobe à feuilles d'anagallide ⓘ | N. America native, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Epilobium hornemannii ssp. hornemannii. Endangered, S1/G5T5. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Epilobium hirsutum: High (63). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY. ||||||

#### Tribe Onagreae
##### Oenothera

* Oenothera is represented by about 16 species of sundrops and evening primroses in New York. Here it is broken down into sections and subsections, according to the Database of Vascular Plants of Canada (VASCAN).

###### Oenothera sect. Kneiffia

Myrtales — Onagraceae — Onagroideae — Onagreae — Oenothera sect. Kneiffia :
| Genus Oenothera sect. Kneiffia | Sundrops | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Oenothera perennis L.1759. Oenothera perennis L.1762. Oenothera pumila L.1835. Kneiffia pumila (L.) Spach1836. Oenothera gracilis Schrad.ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.1919. Kneiffia perennis (L.) Pennell | Small sundrops, Little evening primrose, Perennial evening primrose, Perennial sundrops, Small evening primrose, SundropsOnagre vivace, Onagre pérennante | Native, CoC: 2, Secure FAC Perennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Oenothera fruticosa L.ssp. tetragona (Roth) W.L. Wagner1800. Oenothera tetragona Roth1803. Oenothera glauca Michx.1835. Kneiffia glauca (Michx.) Spach1919. Kneiffia tetragona (Roth) Pennell2014. O. fruticosassp. tetragona | Northern sundrops, Shrubby evening primrose, Narrow-leaved sundrops, Narrowleaf evening primroseOnagre tétragone | Native, CoC: 10, Likely secure FAC-FACU Perennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Oenothera fruticosa L. (1753)ssp. fruticosa1753. Oenothera fruticosa L.1835. Kneiffia suffruticosa Spach (i)1893. K. fruticosa (L.) Spach ex Raim. | Southern sundrops, Narrow-leaved sundrops, Narrowleaf evening primrose | Native, CoC: 7, Vulnerable FAC-FACU Perennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: 3? | USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Oenothera pilosella Raf.ssp. pilosella1820. Oenothera pilosella Raf.1894. Kneiffia fruticosavar. pilosella1903. Kneiffia pratensis Small1908. Oenothera pratensis B.L.Rob. | Prairie sundrops, Meadow sundrops, Meadow evening primrose, Prairie evening primrose, Pilose evening primrose, Finely-pilose evening primroseOnagre piloselle | Native, CoC: 2, Unranked FAC Perennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: U | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies |

###### Oenothera sect. Oenothera subsect. Oenothera

* Oenothera biennis common evening-primrose
Myrtales — Onagraceae — Onagroideae — Onagreae — Oenothera sect. Oenothera subsect. Oenothera :
| Genus Oenothera sect. Oenothera subsect. Oenothera | Evening-primrose | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Oenothera biennis L.1753. Oenothera biennis L.1767. Oenothera muricata L.1771. Onagra biennis (L.) Scop.1794. Onagra muricata (L.) Moench1913. Oenothera pycnocarpa G.F.Atk.& Bartlett | Common evening-primrose Yellow evening-primrose Hoary evening-primrose Wild evening-primrose German rampion Candlestick Onagre bisannuelle Herbe aux ânes Onagre de Victorin | Native, CoC: 1, Secure Biennial, Herb | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Oenothera parviflora L.1759. Oenothera parviflora L. 1832. O. cruciata Nutt. ex G. Don 1840. O. biennis  var. parviflora  (L.) Torr. & A.Gray 1913. O. angustissima R.R.Gates 1914. O. atrovirens Shull & Bartlett 1924. O. parviflora  var. angustissima  (R.R. Gates) Wiegand 1965. O. parviflora  ssp. angustissima  (R.R. Gates) Munz 1971. O. lipsiensis Rostanski & Gutte | Small-floweredevening-primrose Northern evening-primrose ⓘ Least evening primrose ⓘ | Native, CoC: 0, Secure Biennial, Herb | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Oenothera oakesiana (A. Gray) J.W.Robbins ex S.Watson & J.M.Coult.1867. Oenothera biennis  var. oakesiana  A.Gray 1890. Oenothera oakesiana (A.Gray) J.W.Robbins ex S.Watson & J.M.Coult. 1894. Onagra oakesiana (A.Gray) Britton 1949. Oenothera parviflora  var. oakesiana  (A.Gray) Fernald | Oakes' evening primrose Oakes' evening-primrose Onagre d'Oakes | Native, CoC: 1, Threatened | | NYFA: 2 | USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Oenothera glazioviana | Garden evening primrose ⓘ Large-flowered evening-primrose ⓘ Redsepal evening-primrose Showy evening-primrose | Introduced, Not naturalized,  Invasive.org: , Potentially invasive, SNA Biennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: Xm NYFA: 3 counties iNat 1 county | USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Oenothera villosa Thunb.ssp. villosa | Hairy evening-primrose | Introduced, N. America native, Unk. naturalization Biennial, Herb | | NYFA: Xu | USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Oenothera sect. Oenothera subsect. Oenothera (excluded taxa) | Evening-primrose | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Oenothera elata Kunthssp. hirsutissima (A.Gray ex S.Watson) W.Dietr.1873. Oe. biennis  var. hirsutissima  A.Gray ex S.Watson 1983. Oe. elata  ssp. hirsutissima  (A.Gray ex S.Watson) W.Dietr. | Hooker's evening primrose ⓘ | N. America native  western N. America, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-N0 VASCAN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Oenothera grandiflora LʼHér.1789. Oenothera grandiflora LʼHér. 1828. Oenothera lamarckiana Ser. | Largeflower evening primrose ⓘ | N. America native  southeast, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-NX Images Wikispecies |

###### Oenothera sect. Oenothera subsect. Raimannia

Myrtales — Onagraceae — Onagroideae — Onagreae — Oenothera sect. Oenothera subsect. Raimannia :
| Genus Oenothera sect. Oenothera subsect. Raimannia | Evening-primrose | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Oenothera laciniata Hill (1767) | Cutleaf evening primrose, Cut-leaf evening-primrose, Cut-leaved evening-primrose | Native, CoC: 1, Endangered,  Invasive.org: FACU Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 1 NYFA: 14 counties iNat 6 counties | USDA-NX ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Oenothera grandis Smyth1899. Oenothera grandis Smyth | Showy evening-primrose | Introduced, Not naturalized, SNA | | NYFA: U NYFA: Chemung only iNat no observations | USDA-NN Go Botany-0 ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |

###### Oenothera sect. Oenothera subsect. Candela

Myrtales — Onagraceae — Onagroideae — Onagreae — Oenothera sect. Oenothera subsect. Candela :
| Genus Oenothera sect. Oenothera subsect. Candela | Evening-primrose | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Oenothera clelandii W.Dietr., P.H.Raven & W.L.Wagner | Cleland's evening-primrose, Lesser four-point evening-primrose | Introduced, Naturalized | | NYFA: X NYFA: 3 counties iNat no observations | Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Oenothera sect. Oenothera subsect. Candela (excluded taxa) | Evening-primrose | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Oenothera rhombipetala Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray | Fourpoint evening-primrose, Four-point evening-primrose | N. America native, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |

###### Oenothera sect. Kleinia

Myrtales — Onagraceae — Onagroideae — Onagreae — Oenothera sect. Kleinia :
| Genus Oenothera sect. Kleinia | Evening-primrose | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Oenothera albicaulis Pursh1813. Oenothera albicaulis Pursh1835. Agnora pinnatifida (Nutt.) Spach1894. Anogra albicaulis (Pursh) Britton | White-stemmed evening primrose, Whitest evening-primrose, Prairie evening-primrose | Introduced from  western US, N. America native Annual, Herb-forb | | NYFA: X | USDA-N0 Go Botany-0 VASCAN-0 ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |

###### Oenothera sect. Lavauxia

Myrtales — Onagraceae — Onagroideae — Onagreae — Oenothera sect. Lavauxia :
| Genus Oenothera sect. Lavauxia subsect. Lavauxia | Evening-primrose | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Oenothera triloba | Stemless evening-primrose | Introduced from  southern US, N. America native | | NYFA: X | USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies |

###### Oenothera sect. Megapterium

Myrtales — Onagraceae — Onagroideae — Onagreae — Oenothera sect. Megapterium :
| Genus Oenothera sect. Megapterium | Sundrops | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Oenothera macrocarpa Nutt.1813. Oenothera macrocarpa Nutt.1813. Oenothera missouriensis Sims | Ozark sundrops | Introduced, N. America native, No reports | | NYFA: X | USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |

###### Oenothera sect. Hartmannia

Myrtales — Onagraceae — Onagroideae — Onagreae — Oenothera sect. Hartmannia :
| Genus Oenothera sect. Hartmannia | Primrose | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Oenothera speciosa | Showy primrose | Introduced, N. America native, No reports | | NYFA: X | Go Botany-0 ARS-GRIN NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |

###### Oenothera, sect. Gaura

Most of the genus Gaura was transferred to Oenothera sect. Gaura in 2007.
Myrtales — Onagraceae — Onagroideae — Onagreae — Oenothera sect. Gaura :
| Genus Oenothera sect. Gaura subsect. Gaura | Beeblossom | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Oenothera gaura W.L.Wagner & Hoch1753. Gaura biennis L.2007. Oenothera gaura W.L.Wagner & Hoch | Biennial beeblossom, Biennial gauraGaura bisannuel, Gaura bisannuelle | Introduced, N. America native | | NYFA: X | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Oenothera filiformis (Small) W.L.Wagner & Hoch1835. Gaura longiflora Spach1840. Gaura biennisvar. pitcheri1898. Gaura filiformis Small2007. Oenothera filiformis W.L.Wagner & Hoch | Longflower beeblossom, Long-flowered gaura, Large-flower gauraGaura à fleurs longues | Introduced from  Midwest, N. America native | | NYFA: 0 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos IPN Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Oenothera sect. Gaura subsect. Campogaura | Beeblossom | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Oenothera suffrutescens (Ser.) W.L.Wagner & Hoch1813. Gaura coccinea Nutt. ex Pursh1816. Gaura odorata Sessé ex Lag.1828. Gaura suffrutescens Ser.2007. Oenothera suffrutescens W.L.Wagner & Hoch | Scarlet beeblossom, Scarlet gaura, Scarlet butterfly plant, Wild honeysuckleGaura écarlate | Introduced from  western N. America, N. America native, Impersistent, Not naturalized Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: Xm | USDA-NN Go Botany-0 VASCAN ARS-GRIN BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Oenothera sect. Gaura subsect. Stipogaura (excluded taxa) | Beeblossom | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Oenothera sinuosa W.L.Wagner & Hoch1828. Gaura sinuata Nutt. ex Ser. 2007. O. sinuosa W.L.Wagner & Hoch | Wavyleaf beeblossom ⓘ Wavyleaf gaura ⓘ | N. America native  southern U.S.  Mexico, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ Warren L. Wagner, P. C. Hoch, P. H. Raven (2007) "Revised Classification of the Onagraceae." Systematic Botany Monographs, 83: 1-240 ||||||

##### Camissonia

Myrtales — Onagraceae — Onagroideae — Onagreae — Camissonia :
| Genus Camissonia Link (excluded taxa) | Sundrops | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Camissonia contorta (Douglas) Kearney1832. Oenothera contorta Douglas (i) 1894. C. contorta (Douglas) Kearney | Plains evening primrose | N. America native  western N.Am., N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |

## Family Lythraceae

* The Lythraceae (loosestrife or pomegranate family)...
* ↑ Lythraceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.
* ↑ Shirley A. Graham, Jocelyn Hall, Kenneth Sytsma, Su-hua Shi (2005) Phylogenetic Analysis of the Lythraceae based on four gene regions and morphology. Int. J. Plant Sci. 166(6):995–1017. 2005

### Subfamily Lagerstroemioideae
#### Trapa

Myrtales — Lythraceae — Lagerstroemioideae — Trapa :
| Genus Trapa | Water chestnut | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Trapa natans L.1753. Trapa natans L.1815. Trapa bispinosa Roxb.1897. Trapa natansvar. bispinosa | Water chestnut, European water chestnut, Water caltrop, Singhara nut, Jesuit's-nutChâtaigne d'eau, Macre | Introduced from  Eurasia, Africa, Very highly invasive,  NYIS: 82%, NE-1 Annual, Herb-forb | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Trapa natans: Very high (82). ↑ Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ||||||

#### Lagerstroemia

* Lagerstroemia indicaCrape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica) is planted in the southeastern part of New York State and is now listed as highly invasive, Tier 2, though it's not yet listed in the New York Flora Atlas.
Myrtales — Lythraceae — Lagerstroemioideae — Lagerstroemia :
| Genus Lagerstroemia | Crape myrtle | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Lagerstroemia indica L.1759. Lagerstroemia indica L. | Crape myrtle ⓘ | Introduced from  southern Asia, Highly invasive,  NYIS Tier: 2,  Invasive.org: ,  GRIIS-US: Invasive | | NYFA: Not listed 2 counties | Images Wikispecies |

### Subfamily Punicoideae
###### Cuphea

* Cuphea viscosissima clammy waxweed
Myrtales — Lythraceae — Punicoideae — Cuphea :
| Genus Cuphea | Waxweed | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Cuphea viscosissima Jacq.1753. Lythrum petiolatum L.1772. Cuphea viscosissima Jacq.1881. Cuphea petiolata (L.) Koehne1894. Parsonsia petiolata (L.) Rusby | Blue waxweed, Clammy waxweed, Clammy cuphea, TarweedCuphéa visqueux, Cuphéa | Native, CoC: 1, Likely secure FAC-FACU Annual, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS LBJ Images Wikispecies |

###### Rotala

Myrtales — Lythraceae — Punicoideae — Rotala :
| Genus Rotala | Rotala | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne | Toothcup, Lowland rotala | Native, CoC: 10, Threatened OBL Annual, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 2 | USDA-NN ITIS Images Wikispecies |

### Subfamily Lythroideae

* Lythrum salicaria purple loosestrifeThe Lythroideae contains plants commonly known as loosestrife. This includes not only the widespread and highly invasive purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria), but also three loosestrifes that are native to New York.

#### Decodon

* Decodon verticillatus waterwillowWaterwillow or swamp loosestrife (Decodon verticillatus) is the only species of this genus. It occasionally forms wet thickets on the edges of lakes and ponds.
Myrtales — Lythraceae — Lythroideae — Decodon :
| Genus Decodon | Swamp loosestrife | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Decodon verticillatus (L.) Elliott1753. Lythrum verticillatum L.1821. D. verticillatus (L.) Elliott1823. Nesaea verticillata (L.) Kunth | Waterwillow, Swamp loosestrife, Hairy swamp loosestrife, Swamp willowherb, Water oleander, Whorled loosestrifeDécodon verticillé, Décodent verticillé | Native, CoC: 7, Secure OBL | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS BONAP Images Wikispecies |

#### Lythrum

* Lythrum alatum winged loosestrife
Myrtales — Lythraceae — Lythroideae — Lythrum :
| Genus Lythrum | Loosestrife | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Lythrum alatum Purshvar. alatum | Winged loosestrife, Winged lythrum | Native, Secure | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Lythrum lineare L. | Narrow loosestrife, Saltmarsh loosestife, Wand lythrum | Native, Endangered | NYFA: 1 | USDA-N0 Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Lythrum hyssopifolia | Hyssop loosestrife, Grass poly | Unknown nativity, Potentially invasive,  Invasive.org: , SNR, G5 OBL, Herb-forb | NYFA: X NYFA: Richmond only 3 counties | USDA-LYHY3 Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Lythrum salicaria L.1753. Lythrum salicaria L. 1768. Lythrum tomentosum Mill 1813. L. salicaria  var. tomentosum  DC. 1828. L. salicaria  var. vulgare  DC. 1837. L. salicaria  var. gracilior  Turcz. | Purple loosestrife, Spiked loosestrife, Bouguet-violet, Purple lythrum | Introduced from  Europe,  temperate Asia,  northern Africa, Very highly invasive,  NYIS: 91%, NE-1 | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Lythrum virgatum L.1753. Lythrum virgatum L. | European wand loosestrife Wanded loosestrife Purple loosestrife | Introduced from  Europe, Very highly invasive, NYS Tier 1b | NYFA: not listed no observations | Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Lythrum salicaria: Very high (91). ↑ Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ↑ Lythrum virgatum Ecological Invasiveness Rank: Very High, Tier 1b. New York State Invasive Species Tiers. 2021 New York Natural Heritage Program. ||||||

## Family Melastomataceae
### Subamily Melastomatoideae
#### Tribe Melastomateae
##### Rhexia

Myrtales — Melastomataceae — Melastomatoideae — Melastomateae — Rhexia :
| Genus Rhexia | Meadowbeauty | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Rhexia virginica L.1753. Rhexia virginica L. | Virginia meadow-beauty, Handsome Harry | Native, CoC: 10, Likely secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, Sun - part shade | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany NatureServe BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Rhexia mariana L.var. mariana1753. Rhexia mariana L. | Maryland meadow-beauty, Maryland meadowbeauty | Native, CoC: 10, Likely extirpated, Impersistent OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: Zm | USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies |