OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Legislation/C1922L00169
## Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1922

The commencement of the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1922 reflected the transition of regulation of wireless from the Department of Navy to the Postmaster-General's Department and enabled a new era of amateur activity which had effectively been quashed since early in the first World War.

### Resources

A comprehensive summary of matters pertaining to the Wireless Regulations 1922 has not yet been prepared, however the following resources have been assembled in preparation:
* Research - Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1922 - Summary of research to date
* FRLI - Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1922 - Transcription of the instrument from the Federal Register of Legislative Instruments
* Transcriptions and Notes - Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1922 - More than 10 transcriptions and notes, primarily from the NLA's Trove
* Photos and other graphics - Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1922 - Nothing uploaded as yet, no material identified as yet
* Incubator of Wikipedia Article on Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1922 - Coming real soon now!

### Internet Material

No significant articles specifically about the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1922 and in the public domain have yet been identified
# History of video games/Platforms/PC-50x Family
## History

The first PC-50X console was released in 1975. The system was designed to be low cost, and over two hundred variants of based on the PC-50X design were made.
The PC-50x Family petered out over the course of the 1980's.

## Technology

PC-50X consoles made use of various General Instrument chips housed in cartridges, essentially making these pong consoles in cartridges, with the console simply being a power supply and interface for controllers and the television. Cartridges held as many as 10 variations of a game.

## Gallery
### Console Variants

* Acetronic-Telesports-IV
* BANDAI TV JACK 5000
* Binatone Superstar
* Grandstand Video Sports Center SD070
* Hanimex SD 070 Colour
* Hanimex TVG 070C with cartridge
* Hanimex TVG-070C with cartridge and joysticks.
* Jeu Video Cassette Interchangeables Tele-sports III
* Monarch CTX-2000 programmable video computer
* Polycon PG-7
* Poppy TVG 10
* Radofin Tele-Sports III
* Soundic SD 50 Programmable game
* Soundic SD 90 Programmable game
* ITMC Soundic SD 90
* ITMC tele eu SD 90
* TAKATOKU Video Cassetty Lock
* Prinztronic Tournament Colour Programmable 2000 Console Internals

### Cartridges

* Exploded view of an Alltronic 7000 cartridge.
* A cartridge containing an AY-3-8500.
* Cartridge base.
* Cartridge front.
* Cartridge rear.
* Cartridge board back.
* Cartridge board front.

## External Resources

* Video Game Console Library - Page containing photos of different models.
* 20th Century Video Games - Page containing photos and origin of various models.

## References

* 1 2 3 4 "PC50X Family". Video Game Console Library. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
* 1 2 "Prinztronic Tournament 5000 - Game Console - Computing History". www.computinghistory.org.uk. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
* ↑ "The PC-50x Family games and game console information". Vox Odyssey. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
* ↑ "Cole's Nerd-stuff Blog". nerdstuffbycole.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
* ↑ "General Instrument PC-50x cartridge (1977 - early 1980s)". Museum of Obsolete Media. 10 August 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
# History of video games/Platforms/PC Classic
## History
### Development

The PC Classic was developed by Unit E Technologies, a company located at 3737 Old Georgetown Road in Halethorpe Maryland.
The PC Classic was announced in late 2018 as a mini-console which played PC games from the 1980's and 1990's. $99 was the intended price point of the system.
In 2019 an "End-of-Summer" update was announced, explaining that will IP rights had been acquired, a delay to summer 2020 was needed to finalize hardware and a crowdfunding campaign.

### Hiatus

Around July 2021 a comment response was left by the Unit-E Technologies account on their 2019 update video, explaining that the PC Classic had been shelved to focus on older projects which were presently generating revenue, noting that the anticipated crowdfunding campaign had never been launched. Thus while the console has not launched at the time of this writing, no consumer's money was ever taken for the project, avoiding a pitfall common to many crowdfunded projects.

## Technology

The system features HDMI output, as well as 3 RCA composite AV jacks.
Prototype units supported Bluetooth wireless connectivity.

## Notes

The PC Classic should not be confused with the PC Engine Mini, which was a different mini console from around the same period.

## References

* ↑ "Contact Us". Unit-e. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
* ↑ Mott, Nathaniel (14 November 2018). "PC Classic Console With '80s, '90s Games Starts Crowdfunding Soon" (in en). Tom's Hardware. https://www.tomshardware.com/news/unit-e-pc-classic-console-video-games,38074.html.
* ↑ Brown, Fraser (13 November 2018). "The PC Classic is a tiny console for DOS games". PC Gamer. https://www.pcgamer.com/the-pc-classic-is-a-tiny-console-for-dos-games/.
* ↑ "Intellivision Amico Update & What Happened To The PC Classic Mini?" (in en). Madlittlepixel. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vM-isrEyv_U.
* ↑ "PC Classic - 2019 Update and Q&A". Retrieved 17 September 2021.
* ↑ James, Dave (November 13, 2018). "The PC Classic mini console will waste your money on DOS-based gaming nostalgia". PCGamesN. https://www.pcgamesn.com/pc-classic-dos-games.
* ↑ Smith, Chris (14 November 2018). "The PC Classic is the retro DOS console of our dreams" (in en). Trusted Reviews. https://www.trustedreviews.com/news/pc-classic-dos-console-3620219.
* ↑ Byford, Sam (23 March 2020). "The PC Engine Mini is an awesome retro console, if you can get one" (in en). The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/2020/3/23/21190608/pc-engine-mini-hands-on-turbografx-16-japan-gaming-console.
# History of video games/Platforms/PV-1000
## History
### Launch

The Casio PV-1000 was released in October 1983 at a cost of 14,800 yen.

### Legacy

A common claim is that the Casio PV-1000 was discontinued within weeks of launching. The PV-1000 was later followed by the Casio Loopy.
The system is often remembered for its unique visual design, featuring a concave deck curve and deep blue colors.

## Technology
### Compute

The PV-1000 uses a D780C-1 processor, a version of the Z80A, clocked at 3.579 MHz. The system had 1 kilobyte of RAM, plus an additional 1 kilobyte of memory for the character generator This gave the system a combined 2 kilobytes of RAM.
A D65010G031 generates graphics with an 8 color palette and 32 sprites. This chip also generates 3 channel sound.

## Notable games

* Pooyan
* Super Cobra
* Dig Dug
* Warp & Warp
* Amidar

### 1981

* Space Panic

### 1983

* Turtles

## Gallery
### PV-1000 Console

* Controller ports are conveniently located on the front of the console.
* A switch is located on the side of the console.
* Rear ports.
* A small notch is in the rear left.

### Controller

* The PV-1000 controller uses a joystick.
* A mode switch is on the back of the controller.
* A red button is located on top of the joystick.
* Some buttons are on the base of the controller.
* The controller connects to the console over a wire.

### Internals

* The circuit board is covered by a maze of wires.
* The area by the cartridge port is relatively bare compared to the rest of the board.
* Significant RF shielding covers the console internals.
* The motherboard with casing removed.
* The large metal plate in the back of the motherboard is connected to an HA 17805 voltage regulator - likely to serve as a heat sink.
* The external ports can clearly be seen.
* Wires seem to be channeled near the front of the console when possible.
* A top down view of the motherboard.
* The bottom of the motherboard, with traces and one IC.
* The bottom casing of the console has helpful labels molded into the plastic. This system was made in Japan.
* Tall pegs hold the motherboard in place.
* RF shielding is also used on the bottom of the console case.
* Note the thick plastic used around the cartridge port - a place likely to experience extra wear.
* A small mechanical assembly can be seen under the cartridge sheath, likely related to the cartridge flap.
* The joystick with casing removed.
* Several layers sit on top of the PCB.
* The mechanical parts of the joystick.

## References

* 1 2 3 "OLD-COMPUTERS.COM : The Museum". www.old-computers.com. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
* ↑ Dunn, Jeff. "Chasing Phantoms - The history of failed consoles". gamesradar. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
* 1 2 "Casio PV-1000 - Player's Choice Video Games". www.playerschoicevideogames.com. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
* ↑ "GamePayne". GamePayne. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
* 1 2 3 "Home Page". Video Game Console Library. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
* ↑ "Casio PV-1000". thegamesdb.net. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
# History of video games/Platforms/Palladium Tele-Cassetten Game
## History

The Palladium Tele-Cassetten Game was released by Neckermann in West Germany in either 1977 or 1978. The system was sold as the MBO - Teleball Cassette and as the Hanimex - Optim 600.
Little more is known about the history of this console.

## Technology

General Instrument chips were used in game cartridges.
The system could output color graphics, and used a built in speaker for audio.
The system saw two different case designs used over the course of its production.
Included controllers were analog. Up to two controllers could be used, and an optional digital controller could be used for one tank game. The system could have potentially accepted a light gun.

## Game library

* Ball & Paddle
* Car race
* Cycling
* Shooting Gallery
* Tank battle
* Submarine
* Wipeout

## External Resources

* The Liberator - Offers a history of the console, as well as console photos including of the console interior.

## References

* ↑ "Neckermann (company)". Wikipedia. 18 November 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
* 1 2 3 "pongmuseum.com - and the ball was square... MBO - Teleball Cassette I". pongmuseum.com. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
* 1 2 3 4 5 "OLD-COMPUTERS.COM : The Museum". www.old-computers.com. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
* ↑ "Palladium Tele-Cassetten Game (825/530) [BINARIUM]". binarium.de. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
* ↑ "Tele-Cassetten-Game (Video Game 1978)". IMDb. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
* ↑ "Emerson Arcadia 2001" (in en). DeHipGahn Gaming. 14 August 2013. https://dehipgahngaming.wordpress.com/2nd-generation-video-game-systems/emerson-arcadia-2001/.
* ↑ "Palladium Tele-Cassetten-Game". bilgisayarlarim.com. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
* ↑ "Palladium Tele-Cassetten-Game Game Console". www.the-liberator.net. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Palladium Tele-Cassetten Game". Wikipedia. 9 February 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
# History of video games/Platforms/Otoko Attack System
## History

The system was part of a series of devices used to play arcade games on a home television in the 1990's.
The system was developed for the Japanese market.

## Technology

A promotional photograph for the system shows that the control deck had controls for two players.

## References

* ↑ "Super Nova - Videogame by MAS Systems". www.arcade-museum.com. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
* ↑ "Now this is control!". Electronic Gaming Monthly. 6 (2): 68. February 1993.
* ↑ "GamesUnited". www.angelfire.com. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
# History of video games/Platforms/PC-8800 series
## History
### Launch

NEC launched the PC-8800 line in 1981. The system would quickly become a mainstay in Japanese home computer gaming.

### Use by creatives

The PC88 was a popular platform for Japanese indie game developers during the 1980's.
Composer Yuzo Koshiro often used the PC-88 when developing music for console games, actively using the system for commercial title development as recently as 2016 with his work on Etrian Odyssey V.

## Technology

The technical attributes of the system resulted games for the system possessing a unique aesthetic.

## Games

* Snatcher - An early story based game by Hideo Kojima.
* Excite Bike
* Balloon Fight

### Super Mario Bros. Special

An infamously poor yet official port of Super Mario Bros for the computer.

## Gallery

* PC-88 VA unit with two games.
* Memory map of the PC-8801.

## Read More

* The Wikibook NEC PC Programmers Reference has information on programing NEC computers, including the PC88 series.

## References

* 1 2 "The 20 greatest home computers – ranked!" (in en). the Guardian. 7 September 2020. https://www.theguardian.com/games/2020/sep/07/the-20-greatest-home-computers-ranked.
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Gaming computers of Japan: The NEC PC-8800 series" (in en). Retronauts. https://retronauts.com/article/342/gaming-computers-of-japan-the-nec-pc-8800-series.
* ↑ Faulkner, Cameron (24 February 2021). "Watch composer Yuzo Koshiro play his iconic chiptunes through an NEC PC-88" (in en). The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/tldr/2021/2/24/22299391/yuzo-koshiro-nec-pc88-pc-streets-of-rage-sonic-music.
* ↑ "Let’s remember Nintendo’s official – and terrible – Mario PC games". PCGamesN. https://www.pcgamesn.com/terrible-mario.
# History of video games/Platforms/PC Engine SuperGrafx
## History

The PC Engine SuperGrafx was released in Japan on December 8th, 1989 - just two years after the original PC Engine released in 1987. The system was said to be released in France in May 1990.
The SuperGrafx did not do well commercially, and only 75,000 consoles were sold. A CD Add on was planned, but not released.

## Technology

The PC Engine SuperGrafx uses an 8-bit HuC6280A processor clocked at 7.16 megahertz.
The system has 32 kilobytes of RAM and 128 kilobytes of VRAM.
The SuperGrafx has an extra video processor compared to the original PC Engine though bottlenecking limited performance.

## SuperGrafx specific games

* Aldynes
* 1941: Counter Attack
* Ghouls 'n Ghosts
* Madö King Granzört
* Battle Ace
* Darius Plus (Standard PC engine compatible game, with SuperGrafx enhancements)

## Gallery

* The SuperGrafx controller, model number NEC Pi-PD6.
* The SuperGrafx console by itself.
* The back of the SuperGrafx with expansion port.
* The SuperGrafx with a Super CD-ROM2 drive attached.

## References

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "PC Engine SuperGrafx". Wikipedia. 2021-02-20. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
* 1 2 "Beginning a SuperGrafx Adventure". Wired. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
* 1 2 "SuperGrafx Britgamer The most detailed games database online". www.britgamer.co.uk. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
* ↑ "The Console That Wasn't: The SuperGrafx CD-- Let's make it real!". nicole.express. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
* ↑ "About - NEC SuperGrafx - Games Database". www.gamesdatabase.org. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
* 1 2 "OLD-COMPUTERS.COM : The Museum". www.old-computers.com. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
* ↑ McFerran, Damien (6 May 2012). "The Ultimate Retro Console Collectors' Guide". Eurogamer. Retrieved 7 November 2020.
* ↑ "OLD-COMPUTERS.COM : The Museum". www.old-computers.com. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
* ↑ "What on Earth is a SuperGrafx?!". nicole.express. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
# Horticulture/Herb Gardens

A herb is a herbaceous plant that does not have a woody stem and dies every winter. The broad definition of the word herb is "useful plant". The historical uses of herbs have been for medicine, cooking, and fragrances. Herbs have also been used as an ornamental manner in gardens. All herbs are classified as being annual, perennial, or biennial. Most herbs are grown during the summer and brought inside during the winter. Herb gardens have many uses with one being growing certain herbs for medical purposes. Another use of an herb garden is growing herbs for culinary purposes. The final use for herb gardens is for the recreational uses of herbs whether it be planting them for looks or for fragrances in one's yard.

## References

http://extension.illinois.edu/herbs/intro.cfm
# Horticulture/Hoppers

Hoppers :
| Type: | Insect |
| Family: | Cicadellidae |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Metamorphosis: | Simple |
| Damaging stages: | Nymphs and adults |
| Diseases vectored: | Some species serve as vectors |
Leafhopper is a common name applied to any species from the family Cicadellidae. Leafhoppers, also known as hoppers, are minute plant-feeding insects in the superfamily Cicadelloidea in the homopterous division of the order Hemiptera. Recent classification within the Hemiptera has changed the old term 'Homoptera' into two new suborders: Sternorryncha (aphids, whiteflies, scales, psyllids...) and Auchenorryncha (cicadas, leafhoppers, treehoppers, planthoppers...) with the suborder: Heteroptera containing a large group of insects known as the 'true-bugs', (gnat bugs, pond skaters, shore bugs, toad bugs, water boatmen, backswimmers, etc...)
Leafhoppers are found all over the world, and it is the second largest family in the Hemiptera; there are at least 20,000 described species. Leafhoppers have piercing sucking mouthparts, they feed on plant sap and can transmit plant-infecting viruses and bacteria. Species that are significant agricultural pests include the potato leafhopper, beet leafhopper, white apple leafhopper, two-spotted leafhopper, and glassy-winged sharpshooter. A Leafhoppers' diet commonly consists of plant sap from a wide and diverse range of plants. Leafhoppers mainly consume vegetation but have been known to indulge in small insects.

## Description

The Cicadellidae combine the following features:
* thickened part of the antennae very short and ending with a bristle (arista)
* two simple eyes (ocelli) present on the top or front of the head
* 3 segments on the tarsi
* front femora with at most weak spines
* hind tibia with one or more distinct keels, with a row of movable spines on each, sometimes on enlarged bases
* base of middle legs close together where they originate under the thorax
* front wings not particularly thickened. An additional, unique character of leafhoppers is the production of brochosomes which are thought to protect egg masses from predation and pathogens. Leafhoppers are susceptible to various pathogens; viruses as in the(Dicistroviridae), bacteria, fungi, as well as having a host of parasitoids which attack the eggs.

## References

* Carver, M, FG. Gross, and TE. Woodward. 1991. Hemiptera (bugs, leafhoppers, cidadas, aphids, scale insects, etc.) In: The Insects of Australia - a Textbook for Students and Research Workers Volume 1. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, Australia".
* Cicadellidae Taxonomy Site
* Red-banded leafhopper Graphocephala coccinea - diagnostic photographs and information
* Illinois Natural History Survey:leafhoppers
# Horticulture/Horticultural Oil

Horticultural Oil :
| Type: | Insecticide, Acaricide |
| Targets: | Insects, Mites |
| Persistence: | Non-persistent |
| Application: | Spray |
| Organic Gardening: | Permitted |
| Human toxicity: | Low |
Horticultural Oil is a pesticide used primarily for controlling insects and mites. The oils are manufactured either from petroleum or vegetable oils, and are very lightweight. Until the late 20th Century, heavier "dormant oils" were used for the dame purpose, but they could only be used in winter as they were too heavy to be used in warmer conditions.

## Action

Horticultural oils work by smothering the target pests, either clogging their stomatae or in the case of eggs simply preventing oxygen from moving through the oily film. Oils need to be applied directly to the pest, they have no residual effect and do not harm arthropods if ingested.

## Application

Horticultural oils are mixed with water, and sprayed directly onto the pest organisms.
# Horticulture/House Plants
## Flowers

* Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima)
# Horticulture/Herbaceous Ornamental Plants

Herbaceous plants fit roughly into 3 categories, namely annuals, biennials, and perennials.
Annuals are plants that complete their growing cycle in a single year or season. They germinate, grow vegetatively, flower, set seed, and then die. Many plants grown as annuals in temperate climates may actually be "tropical perennials".
Biennials are similar to annuals, except that they do their vegetative growing one year, then flower, set seed, and die the following year.
Perennials are plants that live year after year, going through regular cycles of vegetative growth, flowering, setting seed, and then returning to vegetative growth (usually with periods of dormancy in between). Woody plants such as trees, shrubs, and vines are also perennials, but are not addressed in this volume.
The approach of this book is to discuss the planting and maintenance of individual herbaceous plants. Over time, there may be many thousands of entries.

## Perennial Plants (Common name list)

* Butterfly Weed (Asclepias tuberosa)
* Daylily (Hemerocallis spp.)
* Hellebore (Helleborus spp.)
* Iris (Iris spp.)
# Horticulture/Hemipteran Pests

Hemiptera :
| Vulnerable stages: | All |
| Diseases vectored: | Viruses, Bacteria, and Phytoplasmas |
Hemiptera is an order of insects which includes Aphids, Scales, Hoppers, Bugs, Whiteflies, and Mealybugs, as well as Fleas.

## Description

These insects all feed using a piercing-sucking mouthpart.

## Control

* Pesticides: All hemipterans are vulnerable to applications of Horticultural Oil, in all stages.