# Flora of New York/Cyperaceae 2

| ← Cyperaceae 1 | Flora of New York — Cyperaceae 2: Carex | Flora of New York — Cyperaceae 2: Carex | Flora of New York — Cyperaceae 2: Carex | Flora of New York — Cyperaceae 2: Carex | → Cyperaceae 3 |
| ← Cyperaceae 1 | Table of contents | Genus index | Protected species index | Invasive species index | → Cyperaceae 3 |
New York Carex Species Index ⇗
New York Carex cladogram ⇗

## Carex

* The genus Carex is represented by more than 200 species in New York. Of these, all but about a dozen species are native to New York State. Of the non-native taxa, the two species of Asiatic sand sedge, included here in Carex sect. Macrocephalae, are considered to be potentially invasive. Only one of these, Carex kobomugi, has been reported in New York (a single population in 2013), but both have been reported in nearby states.
* Here, the genus was previously organized by sections, using the modified version of Kenneth Kent Mackenzie’s system used in the Flora of North America (FNA).
* This page was later re-organized somewhat based on the intermediate framework recommended by the Global Carex Group (GCG)(2021).
* Where practicable, the traditional (FNA) sections were left intact within any larger clades into which their members were placed by GCG.
* New York Natural Heritage Program Rare Plant Status Lists.
* ↑ Weldy, Troy, David Werier, and Andrew Nelson. 2013 New York Flora Atlas. (S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell, original application development, Florida Center for Community Design and Research. University of South Florida). New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.
* ↑ The New York Invasive Species Clearinghouse, Cornell cooperative extension invasive species program.
* ↑ Flora of North America, Vol. 23: 26. Carex
* ↑ Peter W. Ball, A. A. Reznicek, Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico. Vol. 23: 26 Carex. New York and Oxford. Accessed 1/21/2024
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Richard M. Ring (2023). New York Rare Plant Status Lists. New York Natural Heritage Program. State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Albany, NY. December 2023

## Carex subg. Euthyceras

* III. Carex subg. Euthyceras Peterm., Deutschl. Fl. 602. 1849.
* Type species: Carex microglochin Wahlenb.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Tamara Villaverde, Pedro Jiménez-Mejías, Modesto Luceño, Marcia J Waterway, Sangtae Kim, Bora Lee, Mario Rincón-Barrado, Marlene Hahn, Enrique Maguilla, Eric H Roalson, Andrew L Hipp, THE GLOBAL CAREX GROUP , A new classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) subgenera supported by a HybSeq backbone phylogenetic tree, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 194, Issue 2, October 2020, Pages 141–163

### Subg. Euthyceras > Rara Clade >> sect. Leptocephalae

* Carex leptaleaIII.B.1. Rara Clade contains traditional sections Rarae (23/23), Rhizopodae (3/3), Leptocephalae (1/1). Of the 27 or so species in the resulting clade, only Carex leptalea is native to North America. The rest are Asian or Australasian species.
* The traditional Carex section Leptocephalae contains the single species Carex leptalea which is found in North America and the Caribbean Basin.
* iNaturalist currently treats the Rara Clade as Complex Carex leptalea (Carex Rara Clade).
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Theodore S. Cochrane (2020). Carex sect. Leptocephalae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
* ↑ Complex Carex leptalea (Carex Rara Clade) at iNaturalist 1/24/2024
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Euthyceras sect. Leptocephalae :
| Genus Carex subg. Euthyceras sect. Leptocephalae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex leptalea Wahlenb. ssp. leptalea1803. Carex microstachya Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:169 1803. Carex leptalea Wahlenb. in Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 24:139 1805. Carex polytrichoides Muhl. ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 213 1840. Carex hochstetteri Frank ex Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1:291 1979. Carex leptalea var. tayloris B.Boivin in Phytologia 43:67 | Bristle-stalked sedge Bristly-stalked sedge Bristlystalked sedge Flaccid sedgeCarex à tiges grêles | Native, CoC: 8, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 5, 2n = 50, 52 | | NYFA: 48 counties iNat: 19 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany FNAFNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

### Subg. Euthyceras > Capitata Clade

* Carex microglochinIII.B.2. Capitata Clade contains all or parts of traditional sections Capituligerae (6/6), Leucoglochin (1/5), Petraeae (2/3), Nardinae (1/1), Obtusatae (1/1).
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Capituligerae contains about six species worldwide, with Carex arctogena and Carex capitata found in North America.
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Leucoglochin contains about five species worldwide, with Carex microglochin and Carex pauciflora found in North America.
* The Global Carex Group (2021) placed Carex microglochin with sect. Capituligerae and a few other species in subg. Euthyceras clade Capitata (III.B.3)
* iNaturalist currently treats subg. Euthyceras clade Capitata (III.B.2) as Complex Carex capitata (Carex capitata Clade).
* None of the sedges in this clade have been reported in New York, but a few have been reported from New England and eastern Canada. They are included here as placeholder representatives of the calde.
* ↑ David F. Murray (2020). Carex sect. Capituligerae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
* ↑ Theodore S. Cochrane (2020). Carex sect. Leucoglochin in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Complex Carex capitata (Carex Capitata Clade) at iNaturalist 1/26/2024
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Euthyceras — clade Capitata :
| Genus Carex fna-sect. Capituligerae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex capitata Sol1759. Carex capitata Sol. in C.Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2:1261 1840. Diemisa capitata (Sol.) Raf. in Good Book: 27 1849. Carex capitata f. alpicola Andersson in Nya Bot. Not. 1849:2 1866. Psyllophora capitata (Sol.) Schur in Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 697 1979. Vignea capitata (Sol.) Soják in Čas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 148:195 (1980) | Capitate SedgeCarex capité | N. America native, Not listed in NY Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 50 | | NYFA: Not listed iNat: No NY observations GBIF: none in NY | USDA-NNNN POWO VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex arctogena Harry Sm.1940. Carex arctogena Harry Sm. in Acta Phytogeogr. Suec. 13:193 1944. Carex capitata ssp. arctogena (Harry Sm.) Hiitonen in Luonnon Tutkija 48:55 1949. Carex capitata f. arctogena (Harry Sm.) Raymond in Contr. Inst. Bot. Univ. 1958. Carex capitata var. arctogena (Harry Sm.) Hultén in Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. 1954. Carex antarctogena Roiv. in Ann. Bot. Soc. Zool.-Bot. Fenn. "Vanamo" | Tufted black sedge Capitate sedge Black sedgeCarex arctogène | N. America native, Not listed in NY Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: Not listed iNat: No NY obserations | USDA-NN POWO VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Carex fna-sect. Leucoglochin | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex microglochin Wahlenb. ssp. microglochin1803. Carex microglochin Wahlenb. in Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 24: 140 1813. Carex pauciflora var. microglochin (Wahlenb.) Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck 1826. Uncinia microglochin (Wahlenb.) Spreng. in Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 3:830 1889. Caricinella microglochin (Wahlenb.) St.-Lag. in A.Cariot, Étude Fl., éd. 8, 2:880 | Fewseeded bog sedge Bristle sedgeCarex à petite arête | N. America native, Not listed in NY Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 50 | | NYFA: Not listed iNat: No NY observations GBIF: Ontario County | USDA-NNNN POWO FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Carex fna-sect. Nardinae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex nardina (Hornem.) Fr. var. nardina1827. Kobresia nardina Hornem. in Nomencl. Fl. Danic.: 74 1839. Carex nardina (Hornem.) Fr. in Novit. Fl. Suec. Mant. 2:55 1841. Carex gynocrates Wormsk. ex Drejer in Naturhist. Tidsskr. 3:438, nom. superfl. 1882. Carex chordorrhiza ssp. gynocrates Nyman in Consp. Fl. Eur.:782 1902. Carex dioica var. gynocrates (Nyman) Ostenf. in Fl. Arct.:60 1939. Kobresia arctica N.A.Ivanova in Bot. Zhurn. S.S.S.R. 24:490 1943. Carex elyniformis A.E.Porsild in Sargentia 4:17 1962. Carex dioica ssp. gynocrates (Nyman) Hultén in Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. 1979. Vignea gynocrates (Nyman) Soják in Čas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír., nom. superfl. 1979. Vignea nardina (Hornem) Soják in Čas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. | Spike sedge Nard SedgeCarex à odeur de nard | N. America native Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 68, 70 | | iNat: No NY observations GBIF: Erie County | USDA-NN POWO FNA Images Wikispecies |

### Subg. Euthyceras > Pauciflora Clade >> sect. Leucoglochin

* Carex paucifloraIII.B.3. Pauciflora Clade contains all or parts of traditional sections Circinatae (6/6), Dornera (4/4), Inflatae (3/3), Leucoglochin (1/5).
* The traditional Carex section Leucoglochin contains about five species worldwide, with Carex microglochin and Carex pauciflora found in North America.
* III.B.3. Pauciflora Clade contains Carex pauciflora (the type species of sect. Leucoglochin). The other North American sedge from this section (C. microglochin) was placed in III.B.2. Capitata Clade above.
* iNaturalist currently treats subg. Euthyceras clade Pauciflora (III.B.3) as Complex Carex pauciflora (Carex Pauciflora Clade).
* ↑ Theodore S. Cochrane (2020). Carex sect. Leucoglochin in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Complex Carex pauciflora (Carex Pauciflora Clade) at iNaturalist 1/26/2024
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Euthyceras — clade Pauciflora :
| Genus Carex subg. Euthyceras sect. Leucoglochin | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex pauciflora Lightf.1777. Carex pauciflora Lightf. in Fl. Scot. 2:543 1778. Carex patula Huds. in Fl. Angl., ed. 2:402, nom. illeg. 1782. Carex leucoglochin L.f. in Suppl. Pl.: 413 1821. Trasus pauciflorus (Lightf.) Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 56 (publ. 1822) 1840. Anithista patula Raf. in Good Book: 26 1844. Leucoglochin pauciflorus (Lightf.) Heuff. in Flora 27:528 | Few-flowered sedge Fewflower sedge Few-flowered bog sedge Star sedgeCarex pauciflore, Laîche pauciflore | Native, CoC: 10, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 9, 2n = ~74, 76 | | NYFA: 25 counties iNat: 6 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN COL POWO FSUS Go Botany FNA LBJ Images Wikispecies |

## Carex subg. Uncinia

* IV. Carex subg. Uncinia (Pers.) Peterm., Deutschl. Fl. 602. 1849.
* Type species: Uncinia australis Persoon, nom. illeg. (Carex uncinata L.f.) (designated by Pfeiffer, 1874–1875, Nomenclator Botanicus 2 (2): 1529).
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Tamara Villaverde, Pedro Jiménez-Mejías, Modesto Luceño, Marcia J Waterway, Sangtae Kim, Bora Lee, Mario Rincón-Barrado, Marlene Hahn, Enrique Maguilla, Eric H Roalson, Andrew L Hipp, THE GLOBAL CAREX GROUP , A new classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) subgenera supported by a HybSeq backbone phylogenetic tree, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 194, Issue 2, October 2020, Pages 141–163

### Subg. Uncinia > sect. Phyllostachyae

* Carex backiiIV.D. Carex sect. Phyllostachyae Tuck. ex Kük., in H.G.A.Engler, Pflanzenr. 20[IV,38]: 642. 1909.
* Sect. Phyllostachyae contains all of traditional (FNA) sect. Phyllostachyae (10/10). The Global Carex Group found strong support for this section being monophyletic.
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Phyllostachyae contains about ten North American species, three of which have been found in New York State.
* iNaturalist currently treats subg. Uncinia sect. Phyllostachyae (IV.D) as Section Phyllostachyae (Carex Sect. Phyllostachyae).
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ William J. Crins, Robert F. C. Naczi, A. A. Reznicek, Bruce A. Ford (2024). Carex sect. Phyllostachyae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
* ↑ Section Phyllostachyae (Carex Sect. Phyllostachyae) at iNaturalist 1/29/2024
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Uncinia sect. Phyllostachyae :
| Genus Carex sect. Phyllostachyae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex willdenowii Schkuhr ex Willd.1805. Carex willdenowii Schkuhr ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4:211 | Willdenow's sedgeCarex de Willdenow | Native, CoC: 7, Rare, DEC-C, S4 UPL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 3, 2n = 62, 78 | NYFA: 13 counties iNat: 4 counties | USDA-NN COL POWO FSUS VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex backii Boott1839. Carex backii Boott in W.J.Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:210 1893. Carex durifolia L.H.Bailey in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 20:428 | Back's sedge Rocky Mountain sedgeCarex de Back | Native, CoC: 8, Threatened, DEC-B, NYNHP-3, S3, G4 Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 6, 2n = 66 | NYFA: 12 counties iNat: 4 counties | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany FNAFNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Carex jamesii Schwein.1824. Carex jamesii Schwein. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. N.Y. 1:67 1837. Carex steudelii Kunth in Enum. Pl. 2:480 1837. Carex disperma Kunth in Enum. Pl. 2:480, nom. illeg. 1905. Carex austromontana Parish in Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 4:108 1905. Carex jacintoensis Parish in Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 4:110 1909. Carex jamesii var. austromontana (Parish) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler 1913 . Dapedostachys steudelii (Kunth) Fedde & J.Schust. in Just's Bot. | James’ sedge James’s sedge Grass sedgeCarex de James | Native, CoC: 7, Threatened, DEC-B, NYNHP-2-3, S2-S3, G5 Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 2, 2N = 66, 70 | NYFA: 7 counties iNat: 6 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex juniperorum Catling, Reznicek, & Crins1993. Carex juniperorum Catling, Reznicek, & Crins in Syst. Bot. 18:497 | Juniper sedge Cedar sedgeCarex des genévriers | N. America native, Unreported, Endangered in Ontario Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 7 | NYFA: Not listed iNat: No NY observations GBIF: none in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS VASCAN ITIS FNAFNA Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (c) Rare. 1 2 New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (b) Threatened. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex backii. Threatened, S3/G4. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex jamesii. Threatened, S2-S3/G5. ↑ Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry. Species and Risk: Juniper Sedge (Carex juniperorum) Endangered. ||||||

## Carex subg. Vignea

* V. Carex subg. Vignea (P.Beauv. ex T.Lestib.) Heer, Mitth. in Geb. Theor. Erdk. 1: 426. 1836.
* Most of the sedges of subgenus Vignea have dense spike-like inflorescences with sessile bisexual spikes. Their flowers are almost always distigmatic.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix

### Subg. Vignea > Echinata Clade >> sect. Stellulatae

* Carex echinataV.C.1. Echinata Clade contains the traditional section Stellulatae (11/11) along with Eurasian species C. elongata and C. foetida.
* The traditional Carex (FNA) section Stellulatae contains about 15 taxa worldwide, eight of which are found in North America.
* Sedges in section Stellulatae are found in wetlands and have flattened, beaked perigynia with sharp edges that often point outward at maturity, creating star-like pattern.
* iNaturalist places this group in Complex Carex elongata (Carex Echinata Clade) as of 2/12/2024.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ A. A. Reznicek (2020). Carex sect. Stellulatae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
* ↑ Jerry Jenkins (2019). Sedges of the Northern Forest - A Digital Atlas Northern Forest Atlas Project. Version 1.3, 21 February 2019, p. 205.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea — clade Echinata :
| Genus Carex fna-sect. Stellulatae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex echinata Murray ssp. echinata1762. Carex muricata Huds. in Fl. Angl.: 349 (1762), sensu auct. 1770. Carex echinata Murray in Prodr. Stirp. Gott.: 76 1775. Carex muricata Leers in Fl. Herborn.: 200, t. 14, f. 8, sensu auct. 1787. Carex leersii Willd. in Fl. Berol. Prodr.: 28, nom. rej. 1794. Carex stellulata Gooden. in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 2: 144 1830. Vignea stellulata (Gooden.) Rchb. in J.C.Mössler, Handb. Gewächsk. 1869. Vignea echinata (Murray) Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 17: 176 1889. Caricina stellulata (Gooden.) St.-Lag. in A.Cariot, Étude Fl., éd. 8, 2: 870 1917. Carex angustior Mack. in P.A.Rydberg, Fl. Rocky Mts.: 124 | Star sedge Little prickly sedge | Native, CoC: 7, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 7, 2n = 58 | NYFA: 49 counties iNat: 14 counties | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex interior L.H.Bailey1805. Carex scirpoides Schkuhr ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 237, nom. illeg. 1830. Vignea scirpoides Rchb. in J.C.Mössler, Handb. Gewächsk., ed. 2. 3: 1611 1837. Carex stellulata var. scirpoides (Rchb.) Darl. in Fl. Cestr.: 31 1873. Carex interior L.H.Bailey nom. cons. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 20: 426 1939. Carex interior ssp. charlestonensis Clokey in Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 38:1 1941. Carex interior var. keweenawensis F.J.Herm. in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 25:19 1942. Carex interior f. keweenawensis (F.J.Herm.) Fernald in Rhodora 44:284 | Inland sedge Inland star sedge Prairie star sedgeCarex continental | Native, CoC: 7, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 8 | NYFA: 45 counties iNat: 12 counties | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex atlantica L.H. Bailey ssp. atlantica1860. Carex stellulata var. conferta Chapm. in Fl. South. U.S.: 534 1884. Carex echinata var. conferta (Chapm.) L.H.Bailey in Carex Cat.: 2 1893. Carex atlantica L.H.Bailey in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 20: 425 1908. Carex incomperta E.P. Bicknell in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35: 494 1965. Carex atlantica var. incomperta (E.P.Bicknell) F.J.Herm. in Rhodora 67:362 | Wide-leaved prickly bog sedge Prickly bog sedge Atlantic sedge | Native, CoC: 8, Secure, S5 FACW Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 7 | NYFA: 33 counties iNat: 4 counties | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex atlantica L.H. Baileyssp. capillacea (L.H. Bailey) Reznicek1893. Carex interior var. capillacea L.H.Bailey in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 20:426 1908. Carex delicatula E.P.Bicknell in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35: 495, nom. illeg. 1908. Carex scirpoides var. capillacea (L.H.Bailey) Fernald in Rhodora 10:47 1909. Carex stellulata f. capillacea (L.H.Bailey) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.) 1910. Carex howei Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37:245 1931. Carex mohriana Mack. in N.L.Britton & al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl. 18:106 1980. Carex atlantica ssp. capillacea (L.H.Bailey) Reznicek in Contr. Univ. 1991. Carex atlantica var. capillacea (L.H.Bailey) Cronquist in Gleason & ... | Narrow-leaved prickly bog sedge Howe's sedge Atlantic sedge Eastern sedgeCarex à feuilles capillaires Carex atlantique | Native, CoC: 8, Vulnerable, SNR, G5-T5? FACW Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 7 | NYFA: 18 counties iNat: Nassau (2023) GBIF | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex exilis Dewey1828. Carex exilis Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 14:351, plate Q, figs. 53,54. 1828. Carex exilis var. squamacea Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 14:351 1840. Vignea exilis (Dewey) Raf. in Good Book: 27 1861. Carex exilis var. androgyna Dewey ex Alph.Wood in Class-book Bot.: 750 | Meager sedge Meagre sedge Coast sedge Coastal sedge Coastal star sedge Starved sedgeCarex maigre | Native, CoC: 10, Likely secure, S4, G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 8 | NYFA: 16 counties iNat: 5 counties | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex seorsa Howe1896. Carex seorsa Howe in Rep. (Annual) Regents Univ. N.Y.S. Mus. 48: 138  in H. C. Gordinier and E. C. Howe, Fl. Rensselaer County N.Y., 39. 1894. | Weak stellate sedge Swamp star sedgeCarex à épis disjoints | Native, CoC: 8, Likely secure, S4 FACW Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 3 | NYFA: 19 counties iNat: 6 counties | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex sterilis Willd.1805. Carex sterilis Willd. Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4:208 1848. Carex stellulata var. sterilis (Willd.) J.Carey in A.Gray, Manual: 544 1902. Carex elachycarpa Fernald in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 37: 492 1903. Kobresia elachycarpa (Fernald) Fernald in Rhodora 5: 251 1950. Carex sterilis var. rousseauiana Raymond in Naturaliste Canad. 77:62 1952. Carex muricata var. sterilis (Willd.) Gleason in Phytologia 4:22 | Dioecious sedge Sterile sedge Fen star sedgeCarex stérile | Native, CoC: 10, Likely secure, S4, G4 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 8 | NYFA: 18 counties iNat: Genesee (1988) | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex wiegandii Mackz.1931. Carex wiegandii Mack. in N.L.Britton & al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl. 18: 108 | Wiegand's sedgeCarex de Wiegand | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, DEC-A, NYNHP-1, S1, G3 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 8 | NYFA: Franklin, Lewis iNat: No NY observations | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex wiegandii. Endangered, S1/G4. ||||||

### Subg. Vignea > sect. Glareosae

* Carex canescens ssp. canescensV.C.2 Carex sect. Glareosae contains the entire traditional Carex sect. Glareosae (28/28).
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Glareosae contains about 28 species worldwide, 16 of which are found in North America North of Mexico.
* The circumboreal Carex sect. Glareosae is monophyletic but convergent evolution complicates differentiation using morphological characters.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Heikki Toivonen (2020). Carex sect. Glareosae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
* ↑ A.S.Weakley & Southeastern Flora Team (2024). Carex sect. Glareosae (Heleonastes), Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, U.S.A.
* ↑ Enrique Maguilla, Marcial Escudero, Marcia J. Waterway, Andrew L. Hipp, Modesto Luceño (2015), Phylogeny, systematics, and trait evolution of Carex section Glareosae. American Journal of Botany, 102: 1128-1144.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea sect. Glareosae :
| Genus Carex sect. Glareosae "arcta" group | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex brunnescens (Pers.) Poir.1807. Carex curta var. brunnescens Pers. in Syn. Pl. 2:539 1813. Carex brunnescens (Pers.) Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl. 3:286 1837. Carex canescens var. brunnescens (Pers.) W.D.J.Koch in Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 1840. Facolos brunnescens (Pers.) Raf. in Good Book: 26 1902. Carex canescens ssp. brunnescens (Pers.) Asch. & Graebn. in Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 1909. Carex brunnescens var. sphaerostachya (Tuck.) Kük. 1912. Carex canescens proles brunnescens (Pers.) Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, 1965. Carex brunnescens ssp. sphaerostachya (Tuck.) Kalela 1980. Vignea brunnescens (Pers.) Soják in Čas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 148:194 | Brownish sedge Brown sedgeCarex brunâtre | Native, CoC: 8, Secure, S5, G5 Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 5, 2n = 56 | | NYFA: 41 counties iNat: 4 counties | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex arcta Boott1851. Carex canescens var. polystachya Boott in J.Richardson, Arct. Search. Exped. 1867. Carex arcta Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 4:155 1872. Carex kunzei Olney ex A.Gray in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8:406 1889. Carex canescens var. oregana L.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 1: 75 1909. Carex heleonastes var. scabriuscula Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV 1979. Carex arcta var. oregana (L.H.Bailey) B.Boivin in Phytologia 43: 49 | Northern clustered sedge Northern cluster sedge Bear sedge Clustered sedge Narrow sedgeCarex dru | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, DEC-A, S1, G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 4, 2n = 60 | | NYFA: 8 counties iNat: Franklin, St. Lawrence | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex arcta × brunnescens  Carex arcta ×   Carex brunnescens | Hybrid of   Northern clustered sedge &   Brownish sedge | Native, Hybrid, SNA, GNA Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: Franklin 2021 | Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Carex sect. Glareosae "canescens" group | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex canescens ssp. canescens1753. Carex canescens L. in Sp. Pl.: 974 1762. Carex brizoides Huds. in Fl. Angl.: 349, nom. illeg. 1777. Carex cinerea Pollich in Hist. Pl. Palat. 2:571 1791. Carex tenella Ehrh. in Beitr. Naturk. Verw. Wiss. 6:83, nom. illeg. 1830. Vignea canescens (L.) Rchb. in J.C.Mössler, Handb. Gewächsk., ed. 2 1889. Caricina canescens (L.) St.-Lag. in A.Cariot, Étude Fl., éd. 8, 2:877 | Typical hoary sedge Hoary sedge Silvery sedgeCarex blanchâtre | Native, CoC: 7, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 7, 2n = 56 | | NYFA: 48 counties iNat: 10 counties | USDA-NN POWO FSUS FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex canescens ssp. disjuncta (Fernald) Toivonen1902. Carex canescens var. disjuncta Fernald in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 37:488 1908. Carex disjuncta (Fernald) E.P.Bicknell in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35: 495 1981. Carex canescens ssp. disjuncta (Fernald) Toivonen in Ann. Bot. Fenn. | Silvery sedge Hoary sedge Disjunct hoary sedgeCarex disjoint | Native, CoC: 7, Unranked, SNR, G5T OBL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 6, 2n = 54 | | NYFA: 16 counties iNat: St. Lawrence, Suffolk | USDA-NN POWO FSUS FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Carex sect. Glareosae "trisperma" group | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex trisperma Dewey1825. Carex trisperma Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 9: 63 1840. Neskiza trisperma (Dewey) Raf. in Good Book: 27 | Three-seeded sedge Three-fruited sedge Three-seeded bog sedgeCarex trisperme | Native, CoC: 8, Secure, S5, G5-T5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 3, 2n = 60 | | NYFA: 43 counties iNat: 8 counties | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex billingsii (O.W. Knight) Kirschb.1906. Carex trisperma var. billingsii O.W.Knight in Rhodora 8:185 1967. Carex trisperma for. billingsii (O.W.Knight) B.Boivin in Naturaliste Canad. 2007. Carex billingsii (O.W.Knight) Kirschb. in J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1:401 | Billings’ sedge Billings' three-seeded bog sedge Billings’s sedgeCarex de Billings | Native, CoC: 10, Unranked, SNR, G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 6, 2n = 60 | | NYFA: 15 counties iNat: 7 counties | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex tenuiflora Wahlenb.1803. Carex tenuiflora Wahlenb. in Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 24:147 1840. Carex leucolepis Turcz. ex Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1:292 1895. Carex arrhyncha Franch. in Bull. Annuel Soc. Philom. Paris, sér. 8, 7:30 1909. Carex tenuiflora var. arrhyncha (Franch.) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr. 1909. Carex tenuiflora var. setacea Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV 1980. Vignea tenuiflora (Wahlenb.) Soják in Čas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 148:197 | Sparse-flowered sedge Sparse-leaved sedge Thin-flowered sedgeCarex tênuiflore | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, DEC-A, S1-S2, G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 58 | | NYFA: 8 counties iNat: Lewis, St. Lawrence, Warren | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex × trichina Fernald  Carex tenuiflora ×   Carex trisperma1933. Carex × trichina Fernald in Rhodora 35:219 | Hair-like sedge Hybrid of   Sparse-flowered sedge &   Three-seeded sedge | Native, Hybrid, SNA, GNA Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: St. Lawrence iNat: St. Lawrence (2021) | USDA-NN POWO VASCAN Images Wikispecies |
| 1 2 New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ||||||

### Subg. Vignea > sect. Deweyanae

* Carex bromoidesV.D.2. Carex sect. Deweyanae Tuck. ex Mack., in N.L.Britton & A.Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2, 1: 352. 1931.
* Contains traditional sect. Deweyanae (6/6), excluding C. laeviculmis and C. kreczetoviczii which were included in section Glareosae (V.C.2.)
* The traditional Carex section Deweyanae contains about 6 species found in North America and East Asia. Two of these are found east of the Mississippi, including in New York State.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Robert F. C. Naczi (2020). Carex sect. Deweyanae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea sect. Deweyanae :
| Genus Carex sect. Deweyanae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex deweyana Schwein. var. deweyana1824. Carex deweyana Schwein. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 1:65 1829. Carex deweyi Eaton in Man. Bot., ed. 5:150 1840. Vignea deweyana (Schwein.) Raf. in Good Book: 27 1919. Carex deweyana var. stricta Farw. in Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 20:169 | Dewey's sedge Dewey sedge Short-scale sedgeCarex de Dewey | Native, CoC: 6, Secure, S5, G5 FACU Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 6, 2n = 54 | | NYFA: 43 counties iNat: 9 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS VASCAN FNA LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Carex bromoides Schkuhr ex Willd. ssp. bromoides1805. Carex bromoides Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 258 1840. Loncoperis bromoides (Willd.) Raf. in Good Book: 27 | Brome-like sedge Brome hummock sedge Common brome sedgeCarex faux-brome | Native, CoC: 7, Secure, S5? FACW Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 4, 2n = 64, 66, 68 | | NYFA: 44 counties iNat: 11 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS VASCAN FNA LBJ Images Wikispecies |

### Subg. Vignea > sect. Phaestoglochin

* Carex spicataV.E.1. Carex sect. Phaestoglochin Dumort., Fl. Belg. 146. 1827.
* Contains traditional sections Phaestoglochin (15/38), Vulpinae (2/13), and Echinochloomorphae (1/1).
* Consists primarily of Eastern Hemisphere species of traditional sect. Phaestoglochin, characterized by short rhizomes, inflorescences spicate (rarely distally branched), spikes androgynous, and perigynia wingless.
* The Global Carex Group moved the New York sedges of traditional sect. Phaestoglochin into the three separate clades, leaving the non-native C. spicata as the only member reported in New York. The other members of this traditional section were moved to the Annectens Clade (V.E.2) and Rosea Clade (V.G.5).
* The traditional Carex section Phaestoglochin contained about 38 species worldwide, 25 of which are found in North America North of Mexico. Sedges of traditional section Phaestoglochin were characterized as upland species with compressed, sharp-edged oval perigynia, with male flowers appearing at the top of the spikelets.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Peter W. Ball (2020). Carex sect. Phaestoglochin in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea sect. Phaestoglochin :
| Genus Carex sect. Phaestoglochin | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex spicata Huds. ssp. spicata1762. Carex spicata Huds. in Fl. Angl.:349 1833. Carex contigua Hoppe in J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild. 14:61 1844. Carex furculata Peterm. in Flora 27:329 1846. Carex fraterna Rupr. in Symb. Pl. Ross.:208 1913. Desmiograstis contigua (Hoppe) Fedde & J.Schust. in Just (publ. 1918) 1921. Carex fumosa (Gren.) Prain in Index Kew., Suppl. 5: 4 1979. Vignea spicata (Huds.) Soják in Čas. Nár. Mus. 148:197 (publ. 1980) | Spiked sedge Prickly sedge Spiked bracted sedgeCarex à épi Laiche en épi | Introduced from  Europe, Naturalized, SNA, GNR FACU-FAC Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 9, 2n = 58 | | NYFA: 16 counties iNat: 6 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-XX POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |

### Subg. Vignea > Annectens Clade

* V.E.2. Annectens Clade contains parts of traditional sections Phaestoglochin (10/38), Multiflorae (10/10), Vulpinae (10/13), Divisae (6/15), Heleoglochin (4/13), Foetidae (6/17), Stenorhynchae (3/5), Bracteosae (2/12), Inversae (1/10).
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix

#### Subg. Vignea > Annectens Clade >> sect. Vulpinae

* Carex stipataV.E.2. Annectens Clade contains 10 of the 13 traditional sect. Vulpinae species globally, including all 5 of the traditional sect. Vulpinae species listed in New York State.
* The traditional Carex section Vulpinae contains about 15 (13) species worldwide, 9 of which are found in North America North of Mexico.
* Sedges in Section Vulpinae have flattened, beaked, sharp-edged perigynia. The upper stems, below the flower cluster, are sharply triangular or winged and fairly soft and easily crushed.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Lisa A. Standley (2020). Carex sect. Vulpinae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
* ↑ Jerry Jenkins (2019). Sedges of the Northern Forest - A Digital Atlas. Northern Forest Atlas Project. Version 1.3, 21 February 2019, p. 232.
| Carex sect. Vulpinae | Sheath front | Perigynia length | Perigynia shape | Leaf texture |
| Carex stipata | corrugated cross-wise | 4-7 mm. | tapered to a long beak | not papillose above |
| Carex laevivaginata | thick, truncate or concave band at top | often > 5 mm. | tapered to a long beak | papillose above |
| Carex alopecoidea | smooth, not thickened | ≤ 4mm. | rounded to a short beak | not papillose above |
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea sect. Vulpinae :
| Genus Carex sect. Vulpinae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex stipata Muhl. ex Willd. var. stipata1805. Carex stipata Muhl. ex Willd. 1830. Vignea stipata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Rchb. in J.C.Mössler, Handb. Gewächsk. 1837. Carex setacea Frank ex Kunth in Enum. Pl. 2: 382, nom. illeg. 1837. Carex sparganioides Leconte ex Kunth in Enum. Pl. 2: 382, nom. illeg. 1840. Loncoperis stipata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Raf. in Good Book: 27 1875. Carex stipitata Boeckeler in Linnaea 39:85 1894. Carex stipata var. crassicurta Peck in Rep. Regents Univ. NYS Mus. 1894. Carex stipata var. subsecuta Peck in Rep. Regents Univ. NYS Mus. | Awl-fruited sedge Awlfruit sedge Owlfruit sedge Prickly sedge Common fox sedge Stalk-grained sedge Saw-beak sedge Stipitate sedgeCarex stipité Carex spongieux Laiche épaisse | Native, CoC: 5, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 6, 2n = 48, 52 | NYFA: 57 counties iNat: 19 counties | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNAFNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Carex laevivaginata (Kük.) Mack.1909. Carex stipata var laevivaginata Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr. 1913. Carex laevivaginata (Kük.) Mack. in N.L.Britton & A.Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. | Smooth-sheathed sedge Smooth-sheathed fox sedgeCarex à gaine lisse | Native, CoC: 7, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 6, 2n = 46 | NYFA: 34 counties iNat: 10 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNAFNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Carex alopecoidea Tuck.1843. Carex alopecoidea Tuck. in Enum. Meth. Caric. 1849. Carex alopecoidea var. sparsispicata Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts | Foxtail sedge Fox-tail sedge Brown-headed fox sedge Brown-headed wood sedgeCarex alopécoïde | Native, CoC: 7, Secure, S5, G5 FACW Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 7, 2n = 68 | NYFA: 21 counties iNat: 3 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNAFNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Carex conjuncta Boott1849. Carex vulpina J.Carey ex Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser., nom. illeg. 1862. Carex conjuncta Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 3:122 1979. Vignea conjuncta (Boott) Soják in Čas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 148:195 | Soft fox sedge Connected sedge | Native, CoC: 5, Endangered, DEC-A, S1, G4-G5, NYNHP: 1 FACW Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 5 | NYFA: 5 counties iNat: Queens (?) GBIF: Oneida, Yates | USDA-N0 POWO FSUS Go Botany-0 VASCAN-0 FNAFNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Carex crus-corvi Shuttlew. ex Kuntze1844. Carex crus-corvi Shuttlew. ex Kuntze 1844. Carex crus-corvi f. orthoclados Kunze in Suppl. Riedgräs.:166 1845. Carex siciformis Boott in Boston J. Nat. Hist. 5:113 1846. Carex halei Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 2:248 1858. Carex hystrix A.Gray ex Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 1:26 1858. Carex ornithorhyncha Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 1:26 1937. Carex crus-corvi var. virginiana Fernald 1941. Carex virginiana (Fernald) Fernald in Rhodora 43:542, nom. illeg. 1942. Carex bayardii Fernald in Rhodora 44:71 | Ravenfoot sedge Raven's-foot sedge Crow-spur sedge Crowfoot fox sedgeCarex ergot-de-corbeau | N. America native, Cultivated OBL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 6, 2n = 52 | NYFA: Not listed iNat: 0 NY counties GBIF: Bronx (1900) | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany-0 VASCAN FNAFNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ Michael Hough (2019). "Vulpinae." Flora of Cortland and Onondaga Counties, New York, p. 107. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex conjuncta. Endangered, SH/G4G5. ||||||

#### Subg. Vignea > Annectens Clade >> sect. Heleoglochin

* Carex diandraV.E.2. Annectens Clade contains 4 of the 13 traditional sect. Heleoglochin species globally, including all 3 of the traditional sect. Vulpinae species listed in New York State.
* The traditional Carex section Heleoglochin contains 11 or 12 (13) species worldwide, 4 of which are found in North America North of Mexico.
* The sedges of section Heleoglochin have branched clusters and oval perigynia that taper into broad beaks.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Theodore S. Cochrane (2020). Carex sect. Heleoglochin in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
* ↑ Jerry Jenkins (2019). Sedges of the Northern Forest - A Digital Atlas. Northern Forest Atlas Project. Version 1.3, 21 February 2019, p. 85.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea sect. Heleoglochin :
| Genus Carex sect. Heleoglochin | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex diandra Schrank1781. Carex diandra Schrank in Cent. Bot. Anmerk.: 57 1794. Carex teretiuscula Gooden. in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 2: 163 1923. Carex paniculata var. diandra (Schrank) Fiori in Nuov. Fl. Italia 1:185 1979. Vignea diandra (Schrank) Soják in Čas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 148: 195 | Lesser-panicled sedge Lesser tussock sedge Bog panicled sedge Two-stamen sedgeCarex diandre Laiche à tige arrondie Laîche arrondie | Native, CoC: 8, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 6, 2n = 48,50,54,60 | NYFA: 27 counties iNat: 5 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNAFNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Carex prairea Dewey ex Alph.Wood1845. Carex prairea Dewey in A Class-book of Botany 414 1861. Carex prairea Dewey ex Alph. Wood in A Class-book of Botany 750 1867. Carex teretiuscula var. ramosa Boott in Illustrations of the Genus Carex 4:145 1896. Carex teretiuscula var. prairea (Dewey ex Alph. Wood) Britton in Britton & Brown 1908. Carex diandra var. ramosa (Boott) Fernald in Rhodora 10(111):48 1909. Carex diandra var. prairea (Dewey ex Alph. Wood) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.) | Prairie sedgeCarex des prairies | Native, CoC: 9, Secure FACW Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 8, 2n = 66 | NYFA: 28 counties iNat: 2 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany VASCAN FNAFNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Carex decomposita Muhl.1817. Carex decomposita Muhl. in Descr. Gram.: 264 1826. Carex paniculata var. decomposita (Muhl.) Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 10:276 | Cypress-knee sedge Cypressknee sedge Large-panicled sedge Decomposite Sedge Epiphytic Sedge | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, DEC-A, SH, G3, NYNHP: 1 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 5, 2n = 60, 64, 66. | NYFA: 5 counties iNat: No NY observations GBIF: 2 counties | USDA-N0 POWO FSUS Go Botany-0 FNAFNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex decomposita. Endangered, SH/G3G4. ||||||
| Carex sect. Heleoglochin | Inflorescence | Perigynia mature position | Perigynia mature color | Perigynia shape | Leaf sheath | Broadest leaf width |
| C. diandra | mostly 2-8 cm long, may be more compact, erect, basal 1-5 branches overlapping | spreading, not concealed by the scales | shiny, dark brown | ovoid to lance-ovoid, ~2× as long as wide convex on ventral face | truncate to convex, inner band pale/whitish with red dots | 1-3 mm |
| C. prairea | mostly 2-8 cm long, may be interrupted, nodding, basal 1-5 branches often weakly separated | appressed, nearly or completely concealed by scales | dull, medium brown | ovoid to lance-ovoid, ~2× as long as wide, convex on ventral face | truncate to convex, inner band copper-colored toward summit, with red dots, prolonged 2–8 mm beyond base of blade | 1-3 mm |
| C. decomposita | mostly 7-15 cm long, basal 3-9 branches well-separated, basal branch has 9–33(–48) spikes | spreading | deep olive green to brown | obpyramidal or broadly obovoid, body very abruptly contracted into beak (0.4–0.7 mm), 1.3-1.5× as long as wide | concave at mouth, not prolonged | 3-8 mm |
| ↑ Michael Hough (2019). "Heleoglochin." Flora of Cortland and Onondaga Counties, New York, p. 101. ↑ Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2024. Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, U.S.A. |||||||

#### Subg. Vignea > Annectens Clade >> sect. Multiflorae

* Carex vulpinoideaV.E.2. Annectens Clade contains all 10 traditional sect. Multiflorae species worldwide.
* The traditional Carex section Multiflorae contains 7 (10) species worldwide, 7 of which are found in North America North of Mexico, and 2 of which are native to New York.
* Sedges in section Multiflorae have branched clusters (as do the previous two sections Heleoglochin and Vulpinae). They have corrugated sheaths, needle-tipped scales, and oval perigynia.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Lisa A. Standley (2020). Carex sect. Multiflorae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
* ↑ Jerry Jenkins (2019). Sedges of the Northern Forest - A Digital Atlas. Northern Forest Atlas Project. Version 1.3, 21 February 2019, p. 122.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea sect. Multiflorae :
| Genus Carex sect. Multiflorae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex vulpinoidea Michx.1803. Carex vulpinoidea Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:169 1805. Carex multiflora Muhl. ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4:243 1825. Carex setacea Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 9:61 1840. Vignea setacea (Dewey) Raf. in Good Book: 27 1843. Carex vaginiformis Tuck. in Enum. Meth. Caric.:9 1980. Vignea vulpinoidea (Michx.) Soják in Čas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 148:197 | Fox sedge Common fox sedge American fox-sedge Brown fox sedge | Native, CoC: 2, Secure OBL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 7, 2n = 52 | | NYFA: 60 counties iNat: 34 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex annectens (E.P. Bicknell) E.P. Bicknell1896. Carex xanthocarpa var. annectens E.P.Bicknell in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 23: 22 1908. Carex annectens (E.P. Bicknell) E.P. Bicknell in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35:492 1909. Carex vulpinoidea f. annectens (E.P.Bicknell) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler, Pflanzenr. 1910. Carex bicknellii E.G.Camus in Notul. Syst. (Paris) 1:239, nom. illeg. 1922. Carex annectens var. xanthocarpa (Kük.) Wiegand in Rhodora 24:74 1923. Carex brachyglossa Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50:355 1923. Carex vulpinoidea var. annectens (E.P.Bicknell) Farw. in Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 1:91 1952. Carex vulpinoidea var. ambigua (Barratt) Gleason in Phytologia 4:22 | Yellow-fruited sedge Yellowfruit sedge Yellow fox sedge Small yellow fox sedgeCarex à gaine tronguée | Native, CoC: 1, Secure, S5, G5 FACW Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 7 | | NYFA: 45 counties iNat: 13 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex sect. Multiflorae | Flowering stem length | Inflorescence length | Perigynia mature color | Perigynia shape | Perigynia deimensions | Beak length |
| Carex vulpinoidea | shorter than leaves | 6-10 cm | dull yellow-green or pale brown, not red-dotted | ovate or elliptic, base obtuse | 2–3.2 × 1.3–1.8 mm | 1/3-1/2 x body |
| Carex annectens | longer than leaves | 4-7 cm | golden yellow or yellowish-brown, not red-dotted | broadly elliptic to ovate | 2.2–3 × 1.5–2.2 mm | ≤ 1/3 x body |
| ↑ Michael Hough (2019). "Multiflorae." Flora of Cortland and Onondaga Counties, New York, p. 103. ↑ Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2024. Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, U.S.A. |||||||

#### Subg. Vignea > Annectens Clade >> sect. Phaestoglochin

* Carex cephaloideaV.E.2. Annectens Clade contains 10 of the 38 traditional sect. Phaestoglochin species globally. The Global Carex Group (2021) placed the New York sedges of sect. Phaestoglochin into three separate clades:
* V.E.1. Carex sect. Phaestoglochin: Carex spicata
* V.E.2. Annectens Clade: C. aggregata, C. cephaloidea, C. cephalophora, C. gravida, C. leavenworthii, C. mesochorea, C. muehlenbergii, C. sparganioides
* V.G.5. Rosea Clade: C. appalachica, C. radiata, C. retroflexa, C. rosea, C. texensis
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Phaestoglochin contains about 27 (38) species worldwide, 25 of which are found in North America North of Mexico.
* Sedges of section Phaestoglochin are upland species with compressed, sharp-edged oval perigynia. Male flowers appear at the top of the spikelets.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Peter W. Ball (2020). Carex sect. Phaestoglochin in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea sect. Phaestoglochin :
| Genus Carex sect. Phaestoglochin | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex cephalophora Muhl. ex Willd.1805. Carex cephalophora Muhl. ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4:220 1830. Vignea cephalophora (Muhl. ex Willd.) Rchb. in J.C.Mössler 1840. Diemisa cephalophora (Muhl. ex Willd.) Raf. in Good Book: 27 1842. Carex cephalophora var. maxima Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 43:92 1921. Carex cephalophora var. bracteosa Farw. in Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 22:180 1923. Carex cephalophora var. anomala Farw. in Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 1:90 | Oval-headed sedge Oval-leaf sedgeCarex porte-tête | Native, CoC: 5, Secure, S5, G5 FACU Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 5, 2n = 48 | NYFA: 45 counties iNat: 9 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex sparganioides Muhl. ex Willd.1805. Carex sparganioides Muhl. ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed.4. 4:237 1845. Carex sparganioides var. ramea Dewey in Class-book Bot.: 415 1923. Carex sparganioides var. lutea Farw. in Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. | Bur-reed sedgeCarex faux-rubanier | Native, CoC: 6, Secure, S5, G5 FACU Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 4, 2n = 46, 48 | NYFA: 44 counties iNat: 9 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex cephaloidea (Dewey) Dewey1826. Carex muricata var. cephaloidea Dewey in Amer. J. Bot. 11:308 1848. Carex sparganioides var. cephaloidea (Dewey) J.Carey in A.Gray, Manual: 513 1862. Carex cephaloidea (Dewey) Dewey in Ill. Gen. Carex 3:123 1862. Carex sparganioides var. minor Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 3:123 | Thin-leaf sedge Cluster-headed sedge Cluster-bracted sedge Thin-leaved sedge Thinleaf sedgeCarex céphaloïde | Native, CoC: 4, Secure, S5 FACU-FAC Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 4, 2n = 50 | NYFA: 30 counties iNat: 2 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex muehlenbergii Schkuhr ex Willd. var. muehlenbergii1805. Carex muehlenbergii Schkuhr ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed.4. 4:231 1837. Carex pinetorum Willd. ex Kunth in Enum. Pl. 2:381 1840. Vignea muhlenbergii (Schkuhr ex Willd.) Raf. in Good Book: 27 1862. Carex piniaria Bosc ex Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 3:124 | Muhlenberg's sedge | Native, CoC: 7, Likely secure, S4-S5, G5-T5 Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 6 | NYFA: 23 counties iNat: Queens County GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex muehlenbergii Schkuhr ex Willd. var. enervis Boott1862. Carex muehlenbergii var. enervis Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 3:124 1915. Carex onusta Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42:618 1923. Carex plana Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50:350 | Nerveless Muhlenberg's sedge Muhlenberg's veinless sedge Muhlenberg's sedgeCarex à utricule lisse | Native, CoC: 7, Rare, DEC-C, S3, G5-T5 Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 6 | NYFA: 14 counties iNat: Bronx, Suffolk GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex leavenworthii Dewey1846. Carex leavenworthii Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 2:246 1862. Carex cephalophora var. angustifolia Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 3:123 1909. Carex cephalophora var. leavenworthii (Dewey) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.) | Leavenworth's sedge | Unk nativity, Unranked FACU Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 7 | NYFA: Onondaga (1996) iNat: Onondaga (1988) GBIF: Onondaga, Tompkins | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex mesochorea Mack.1906. Carex mediterranea Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33:441, nom. illeg. 1910. Carex mesochorea Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37:246 1952. Carex cephalophora var. mesochorea (Mack.) Gleason in Phytologia 4:22 | Midland sedge Midland bracted sedgeCarex de l'arrière-pays | Native, CoC: 3, Threatened, DEC-B, S2, G4-G5, NYNHP: S2 Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 6 counties iNat: Nassau, Onondaga GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies Note: |
| Carex aggregata Mack.1906. Carex agglomerata Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33:442, nom. illeg. 1910. Carex aggregata Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37:246 1952. Carex sparganioides var. aggregata (Mack.) Gleason in Phytologia 4:22 | Glomerate sedge Smooth clustered sedge Crowded sedgeCarex aggloméré | Native, Endangered, DEC-A, NYNHP: S2 Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 9 counties iNat: Monroe, Onondaga GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (c) Rare. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (b) Threatened. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex mesochorea. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program: It's unclear whether Carex mesochorea was introduced due to human activity or whether its relatively recent discovery in N.Y. is due to a natural extension of its range from the Midwest. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex aggregata. ||||||

#### Subg. Vignea > Annectens Clade >> sect. Divisae

* Carex praegracilisV.E.2. Annectens Clade contains 6 of the 16 traditional sect. Divisae species worldwide, including Carex praegracilis, the only New York species of sect. Divisae.
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Divisae contains about 14 (16) species worldwide, 6 of which are found in North America North of Mexico. All of these are native to western North America, but Carex praegracilis has been spreading eastward along highways treated with road salt and is known to naturalize in New York.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ A.A. Reznicek, Paul M. Catling (2020). Carex sect. Divisae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea sect. Divisae :
| Genus Carex sect. Divisae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex praegracilis W.Boott1839. Carex marcida Boott in W.J.Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:212, nom. illeg. 1884. Carex praegracilis W.Boott in Bot. Gaz. 9:87 1886. Carex gayana var. hyalina L.H.Bailey in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 135 1890. Carex sartwellii var. occidentalis L.H.Bailey in J.Macoun 1907. Carex latebrosa Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 34: 603 (1908) 1908. Carex alterna (L.H.Bailey) C.B.Clarke in Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew, Addit. 1910. Carex camporum Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37:244 | Clustered field sedge Freeway sedge Black creeper sedge Field sedge Expressway sedge Very slender sedgeCarex très grêle | Introduced from  western North America, N. America native, Naturalized, SNA FACW Perennial, Herb, Heliophily: 9 | | NYFA: 4 counties iNat: Oswego (1988) GBIF: Ontario, Oswego | USDA-NNN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA BONAP Images Wikispecies |

### Subg. Vignea > sect. Physoglochin

* Carex alascanaV.E.4. Carex sect. Physoglochin Dumort., Fl. Belg. 145. 1827.
* Contains all 5 of the traditional sect. Physoglochin species globally, including New York's Carex alascana (syn. Carex gynocrates var. substaminata Peck)
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Physoglochin contains 4-6 (5) species worldwide, 2 of which (C. gynocrates and C. parallela) are found in North America North of Mexico. Of these, only Carex gynocrates (northern bog sedge) has been found in New York State, where it is listed as Endangered.
* POWO (2023) treats Carex gynocrates Wormsk. ex Drejer as a synonym of Carex nardina (Hornem.) Fr. (which is in subg. Euthyceras above.), but Carex gynocrates var substaminata Peck as a synonym of Carex alascana. See discussion of name change at iNaturalist.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Theodore S. Cochrane (2020). Carex sect. Physoglochin in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
* ↑ Carex gynocrates Wormsk. ex Drejer at Plants of the World Online
* ↑ Carex gynocrates var. substaminata Peck at Plants of the World Online
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea sect. Physoglochin :
| Genus Carex sect. Physoglochin | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex alascana Boeckeler1841. Carex gynocrates Wormsk. ex Drejer misapplied (syn. of Carex nardina) 1885. Carex alascana Boeckeler in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 7:277 1896. Carex gynocrates var. substaminata Peck in Rep. Regents Univ. NYS Mus. 1897. Carex gymnocrates var. substaminata Peck ex Howe in Rep. NYS Mus. Nat. Hist. 1965. Carex cobresiiformis A.I.Baranov & Skvortsov in Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 18:224 | Northern bog sedgeCarex à côtes | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, DEC-A, NYNHP-1, S1, G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 8, 2n = 46, 48 | | NYFA: 8 counties iNat: 3 counties GBIF: 3 counties | USDA-NN COL WFO POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNAFNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex gynocrates. Accessed 1/19/2024. ||||||

### Subg. Vignea > sect. Macrocephalae

* Carex kobomugi Ohwi at Futtsu city, Chiba JapanV.G.3. Carex sect. Macrocephalae Kük., in H.G.A.Engler, Pflanzenr. 20[IV,38]: 186. 1909.
* Contains both species (Carex kobomugi and C. macrocephala) of traditional section Macrocephalae.
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Macrocephalae contains 2 species worldwide, both of which are found in North America North of Mexico.
* Although neither of these Carex sect. Macrocephalae species are listed as naturalized in New York, Carex kobomugi was found in the Great Kills and Miller Field areas of Gateway National Recreation Area on Staten Island on Oct. 31, 2013.
* Carex macrocephala has been reported on the coastal dunes of New Jersey, where Carex kobomugi is already common.
* Carex kobomugi has also been found on sandy beaches in Rhode Island and in Massachusetts, where it has been listed as prohibited.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Joy Mastrogiuseppe(2020). Carex sect. Macrocephalae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
* ↑ New York Invasive Species Information: The Long Island Invasive Species Management Area. "Asiatic Sand Sedge Found on Staten Island (31 Oct 2013)"
* ↑ Louise Wootton (2007), "First report of Carex macrocephala in eastern North America with notes on its co-occurrence with Carex kobomugi in New Jersey." Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 134(1), pp. 126–134.
* ↑ Carex kobomugi Ohwi - Japanese sedge. Go Botany, New England Wild Flower Society, 2011-2013
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea sect. Macrocephalae :
| Genus Carex sect. Macrocephalae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex kobomugi Ohwi.1865. Carex macrocephala var. longibracteata Oliv. in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 1930. Carex kobomugi Ohwi in Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ. Ser. B, Biol. 1931. Carex macrocephala var. kobomugi Miyabe & Kudô in J. Fac. Agric. 1940. Carex macrocephala f. kobomugi (Ohwi) Makino in Ill. Fl. Nippon: 738 1979. Vignea kobomugi (Ohwi) Soják in Čas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 148:195 | Asian sand sedge Asiatic sand sedge Japanese beach sedge Japanese sand sedge Japanese sedge Sea Isle Japanese sedge Sea Isle sedge | Introduced from  E & SE Asia, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 69% Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 9, 2n = 84 | NYFA: Queens (2012) iNat: Queens, Richmond, Suffolk GBIF: Long Island | USDA-X0 COL WFO POWO FSUS Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNAFNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Carex macrocephala Willd. ex Spreng.1826. Carex macrocephala Willd. ex Spreng. 1828. Carex anthericoides J.Presl & C.Presl 1900. Carex macrocephala var. bracteata Holm 1942. Carex macrocephala ssp. anthericoides Hultén 1979. Vignea macrocephala Soják | Largehead sedge Large-headed sedge Big-headed sedgeCarex à grosses têtes | Introduced from  northeast Asia,  northwest N.A., Moderately invasive, NYIS: 69% | NYFA: 0 iNat: No NY observations | USDA-NN VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| 1 2 New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Carex kobomugi, macrocephala: Moderately invasive (69%). ||||||

### Subg. Vignea > Rosea Clade

* Carex roseaV.G.5. Rosea Clade contains 6 of the 38 species of traditional section Phaestoglochin.
* The Global Carex Group (2021) divided the New York sedges of sect. Phaestoglochin into the three separate clades within subg. Vignea. The five eastern North American species C. appalachica, C. radiata, C. retroflexa, C. rosea, C. texensis were placed in Rosea Clade (V.G.5). The remainder were placed in sect. Phaestoglochin (V.E.1) and Annectens Clade (V.E.2).
* The traditional Carex section Phaestoglochin contains about 27 (38) species worldwide, 25 of which are found in North America North of Mexico.
* Sedges of section Phaestoglochin are upland species with compressed, sharp-edged oval perigynia. Male flowers appear at the top of the spikelets.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Peter W. Ball (2020). Carex sect. Phaestoglochin in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
* ↑ A.S.Weakley & Southeastern Flora Team (2024). Carex sect. Phaestoglochin. Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, U.S.A.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea — clade Rosea :
| Genus Carex fna-sect. Phaestoglochin | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex rosea Willd.1805. Carex rosea Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 237 1830. Vignea rosea (Willd.) Rchb. in J.C.Mössler, Handb. Gewächsk. 1840. Diemisa rosea (Willd.) Raf. in Good Book: 27 1843. Carex neglecta Tuck. in Enum. Meth. Caric.: 19, nom. illeg. 1855. Carex flaccidula Steud. in Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2:199 1916. Carex convoluta Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43:428 | Rosy sedge Common upland star sedgeCarex en rosace | Native, CoC: 7, Secure, S5, G5 FACU Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 3, 2n = 52 | NYFA: 59 counties iNat: 14 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex radiata (Wahlenb.) Small1803. Carex stellulata ssp. radiata Wahlenb. in Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya 1803. Carex stellulata var. radiata Wahlenb. in Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya 1826. Carex rosea var. radiata (Wahlenb.) Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 1860. Carex rosea var. minor Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 2: 81 1888. Carex echinata var. radiata (Wahlenb.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. 1903. Carex radiata (Wahlenb.) Small in Fl. S.E. U.S.:218 1979. Carex sylvicola J.M.Webber & P.W.Ball in Taxon 28:613 | Eastern star sedge Narrow-leaved upland star sedge Bracted sedge Stellate sedge Straight-styled wood sedgeCarex rayonnant | Native, CoC: 7, Secure, S5, G4 FAC Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 3, 2n = 58 | NYFA: 54 counties iNat: 12 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex appalachica J.M.Webber & P.W.Ball1979. Carex appalachica J.M.Webber & P.W.Ball | Appalachian sedgeCarex des Appalaches | Native, CoC: 6, Secure, S5, G4 FAC Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 4, 2n = 52 | NYFA: 40 counties iNat: 5 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex retroflexa Muhl. ex Willd.1805. Carex retroflexa Muhl. ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4:235 1830. Vignea retroflexa (Muhl. ex Willd.) Rchb. in J.C.Mössler, Handb. 1836. Carex rosea var. retroflexa (Muhl. ex Willd.) Torr. in Ann. Lyceum 1840. Diemisa retroflexa (Muhl. ex Willd.) Raf. in Good Book: 27 | Reflexed sedgeCarex rétroflexe | Native, CoC: 7, Threatened, DEC-B, S4, G5, NYNHP: S4 FACU Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 5, 2n = 40 | NYFA: 22 counties iNat: Livingston, Warren, Westchester GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex texensis (Torr. ex L.H.Bailey) L.H.Bailey1889. Carex rosea var. texensis Torr. ex L.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 1894. Carex texensis (Torr. ex L.H.Bailey) L.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 1909. Carex retroflexa var. texensis (Torr. ex L.H.Bailey) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler | Texas SedgeCarex du Texas | Introduced, N. America native, Naturalized, SNA Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 8 | NYFA: Onondaga 1988-99 iNat: Onondaga GBIF: Onondaga 2020 | USDA-N0 POWO FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (b) Threatened. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex retroflexa. ||||||

### Subg. Vignea > sect. Dispermae

* Carex dispermaV.H.1. Carex sect. Dispermae Ohwi, Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 11: 237. 1936.
* Contains the only species of traditional section Dispermae (Carex disperma).
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Dispermae contains the sole species Carex disperma (soft-leaved sedge) which is native to North America, including New York.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Heikki Toivonen (2020). Carex sect. Dispermae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea sect. Dispermae :
| Genus Carex sect. Dispermae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex disperma Dewey1801. Carex tenella Schkuhr in Beschr. Riedgräs., nom. illeg. not Thuill. 1824. Carex disperma Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 8: 266 1840. Vignea disperma (Dewey) Raf. in Good Book: 27 1844. Carex blyttii F.Nyl. in Spic. Pl. Fenn. 2:35 1847. Carex gracilis A.Gray in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, nom. illeg. | Soft-leaved sedge Softleaf sedge Two-seeded sedge Two-seeded bog sedge Short-leaved sedgeCarex disperme | Native, CoC: 10, Secure, S5, G5 OBL-FACW Perennial, Graminoid, Shade, 2n = 70 | | NYFA: 40 counties iNat: 9 counties | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNAFNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

### Subg. Vignea > Disticha Clade

* Carex siccataV.H.2. Disticha Clade contains parts of traditional sections Ammoglochin (2/17), Foetidae (9/17), Holarrhenae (10/11), Phaestoglochin (4/38), Divisae (1/15).
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Ammoglochin contains about 14 (17) species worldwide, 2 of which are found in North America North of Mexico. New York native Carex siccata is included.
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Holarrhenae contains about 11 species worldwide, 2 of which are found in North America North of Mexico. New York native Carex sartwellii is included.
* Sartwell's sedge (Carex sartwellii) is common in the midwest, endangered in New York, but not found in New England.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ A.A. Reznicek (2020). Carex sect. Ammoglochin in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
* ↑ A.A. Reznicek, Paul M. Catling(2020). Carex sect. Holarrhenae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
* ↑ Carex sartwellii (Sartwell's Sedge) at Minnesota Wildflowers
* ↑ Carex sartwellii (Sartwell's Sedge) at Michigan Flora Online. A. A. Reznicek, E. G. Voss, & B. S. Walters. February 2011. University of Michigan. Web. April 9, 2019.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea — clade Disticha :
| Genus Carex fna-sect. Ammoglochin | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex siccata Dewey var. siccata1826. Carex siccata Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 10:27 1840. Vignea siccata (Dewey) Raf. in Good Book: 27 1848. Carex liddonii J.Carey in A.Gray, Manual: 545, nom. illeg. 1884. Carex adusta var. argyrantha L.H.Bailey in Carex Cat.: 2 1884. Carex adusta var. sparsiflora L.H.Bailey in Carex Cat.: 2 1886. Carex albolutescens var. argyrantha (L.H.Bailey) Olney ex L.H.Bailey in Proc. AAA 1894. Carex foenea var. sparsiflora Howe in Rep. (Annual) Regents Univ. NYS 1968. Carex foenea var. tuberculata F.J.Herm. in Rhodora 70:419 | Dry-spike sedge Dry-spiked sedge Dryspike sedge Dry land sedge Dry sedge Hay sedge Silver-top sedgeCarex sec | Native, CoC: 8, Secure, S5, G5 UPL-FACU Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 70 | | NYFA: 30 counties iNat: Albany, Warren GBIF | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Carex fna-sect. Holarrhenae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex sartwellii Dewey var. sartwellii1842. Carex sartwellii Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 43:90 1866. Carex disticha var. sartwellii (Dewey) Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 41:330 1867. Carex disticha A.Gray in Manual, ed. 5: 574, nom. illeg. | Sartwell's sedgeCarex de Sartwell | Native, CoC: 9, Endangered, NYNHP-1, DEC-A, S1-S2, G4-G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: 8 counties iNat: Monroe, Seneca, St. Lawrence | USDA-NN POWO ARS-GRIN FNAFNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2019. Online Conservation Guide for Carex sartwellii. Endangered, S1S2/G4G5. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ||||||

### Subg. Vignea > sect. Chordorrhizae

* Carex chordorrhizaV.H.3. Carex sect. Chordorrhizae (Heuffel) Meinsh., Trudy Imp. S.-Petersburgsk. Bot. Sada 18: 2. 1901.
* Contains both species of traditional section Chordorrhizae, including threatened New York Species Carex chordorrhiza and Asian Carex pseudocuraica.
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Chordorrhizae contains about 2 species worldwide, one of which (Carex chordorrhiza) is found in North America and native to New York.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ A.A. Reznicek, Paul M. Catling (2020). Carex sect. Chordorrhizae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea sect. Chordorrhizae :
| Genus Carex sect. Chordorrhizae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex chordorrhiza L.f.1782. Carex chordorrhiza L.f. in Suppl. Pl.: 414 1811. Carex funiformis Clairv. in Man. Herbor. Suisse: 287 1830. Vignea chordorrhiza (L.f.) Rchb. in J.C.Mössler, Handb. Gewächsk. 1836. Carex fulvicoma Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 29:249 1838. Carex fischeriana J.Gay in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 10:286 1848. Carex teretiuscula Willk. in Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 6:414, nom. illeg. 1857. Carex chordorrhiza var. sphagnicola Laest. ex Th.Fr. in Bot. Not. 1877. Carex chordorrhiza var. genuina Trautv. in Trudy Imp., not validly publ. 1889. Caricina chordorrhiza (L.f.) St.-Lag. in A.Cariot, Étude Fl., éd. 8, 2:874 1902. Carex chordorrhiza var. aestivalis Asch. & Graebn. in Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. | Creeping sedge Cord-root sedge Prostrate sedge Rope-root sedgeCarex à long rhizome Carex à longs stolons Carex à longs rhizomes Laiche à longs rhizomes | Native, CoC: 9, Threatened, DEC-B, NYNHP-2-3, S2-S3 OBL Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: 14 counties iNat: 5 counties | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (b) Threatened. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex chordorrhiza. November 4, 2022 ||||||

### Subg. Vignea > sect. Cyperoideae

* V.I. Carex sect. Cyperoideae G.Don, in J.C.Loudon, Hort. Brit. 376. 1830.
* This section contains traditional sections Ovales (91/92) and Ammoglochin (2/17). The Global Carex Group finds that Cyperoideae has priority as the name of sect. Ovales.
* Flora of North America (FNA) currently describes both sect. Cyperoideae (with one North American sedge) and sect. Ovales (with 72 North American sedges).
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Joy Mastrogiuseppe (2020). Carex sect. Cyperoideae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
* ↑ Joy Mastrogiuseppe, Paul E. Rothrock, A. C. Dibble, A. A. Reznicek (2020). Carex sect. Ovales in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.

#### Subg. Vignea > sect. Cyperoideae >> sect. Cyperoideae

* Carex sychnocephalaV.I. Carex sect. Cyperoideae
* Note that the GCG-21 appendix listed Carex sychnocephala as part of traditional sect. Ovales, while FNA currently places it alone as the only North American sedge in (2-species) sect. Cyperoideae.
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Cyperoideae contains about 2 (0) species worldwide, one of which (Carex sychnocephala) is found in North America North of Mexico. including in New York State, where it is listed as Endangered.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Joy Mastrogiuseppe (2020). Carex sect. Cyperoideae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea sect. Cyperoideae :
| Genus Carex fna-sect. Cyperoideae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex sychnocephala J.Carey1847. Carex sychnocephala J.Carey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 10:24 | Many-headed sedge Manyhead sedge Dense long-beaked sedge Long-beaked sedgeCarex compact Carex à fruits poilus | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, DEC-A, NYNHP-1 FACW Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: 4 counties GBIF | USDA-NN COL POWO VASCAN Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex sychnocephala. Available from: https://guides.nynhp.org/many-headed-sedge/. Accessed January 30, 2024. ||||||

#### Subg. Vignea > sect. Cyperoideae >> sect. Ovales

* V.I. Carex sect. Cyperoideae contains 91 of the 92 species of traditional sect. Ovales worldwide.
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Ovales contains about 88 (92) species worldwide, 72 of which are found in North America North of Mexico, making Ovales the largest traditional Carex section in North America. Only a few species of this section are native to other continents. About 26 sect. Ovales species are found in New York State.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Joy Mastrogiuseppe, Paul E. Rothrock, A. C. Dibble, A. A. Reznicek (2020). Carex sect. Ovales in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.

##### Subg. Vignea > sect. Cyperoideae >> sect. Ovales "Festucaceae"

* Carex festucaceaK.K.Mackenzie’s (1940) "Festucaceae" group of traditional section Ovales has been characterized by
* perigynium beak cross-section: flat,
* perigynium body shape in outline: ovate,
* pistillate scale: short,
* lowest bract of the entire inflorescence: short,
* vegetative culm: short,
* inner face of the leaf sheath: hyaline.
* ↑ Hipp, Andrew & Reznicek, Anton & Rothrock, Paul & Weber, Jaime. (2006). Phylogeny and Classification of Carex Section Ovales (Cyperaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences - INT J PLANT SCI. 167. 10.1086/505538.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea sect. Cyperoideae :
| Genus Carex fna-sect. Ovales "Festucaceae" | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex scoparia Schkuhr ex Willd.1803. Carex leporina Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:170, nom. illeg. 1805. Carex scoparia Schkuhr ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4:230 1830. Vignea scoparia (Schkuhr ex Willd.) Rchb. in J.C.Mössler 1837. Carex ovalis Willd. ex Kunth in Enum. Pl. 2:397, nom. illeg. 1840. Loncoperis scoparia (Schkuhr ex Willd.) Raf. in Good Book: 27 1875. Carex lagopodioides var. scoparia Boeckeler in Linnaea 39:114 1896. Carex tribuloides var. moniliformis (Tuck.) Britton in Ill. Fl. N.U.S. 1:356 | Pointed broom sedge Broom sedge Lance-fruited oval sedge Swamp sedgeCarex à balais | Native, CoC: 1, Secure, S5 FACW Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 6, 2n = 56, 58, 60, 68 | NYFA: 59 counties iNat: 17 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNAFNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex normalis Mack.1836. Carex mirabilis Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 30:63, nom. illeg. 1843. Carex straminea var. mirabilis Tuck. in Enum. Meth. Caric.:18 1848. Carex festucacea var. mirabilis (Tuck.) J.Carey in A.Gray, Manual:545 1867. Carex cristata var. mirabilis (Tuck.) A.Gray in Manual, ed. 5:580 1902. Carex mirabilis var. perlonga Fernald in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 37:473 1919. Carex normalis Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37:244 1919. Carex normalis var. perlonga (Fernald) Burnham in Torreya 19:131 1942. Carex normalis f. perlonga (Fernald) Fernald in Rhodora 44:285 | Greater straw sedge Larger straw sedge Large straw sedgeCarex normal | Native, CoC: 1, Secure, S5, G5 FACW Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 68 | NYFA: 47 counties iNat: 4 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex tenera Dewey1824. Carex tenera Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 8:97 1840. Diemisa tenera (Dewey) Raf. in Good Book: 27 1863. Carex mirabilis var. tenera (Dewey) Prov. in Fl. Canad. 2:648 1871. Carex tenera var. major Olney in Car. Bor. Am.: 3 1885. Carex straminea var. tenera (Dewey) L.H.Bailey in Bot. Gaz. 10:381 | Delicate quill sedge Slender sedge Quill sedge Tender sedge Broad-fruited sedgeCarex tendre Carex faible | Native, CoC: 2, Secure, S5 FAC Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 52, 54, 56 | NYFA: 48 counties iNat: 4 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN Images Wikispecies |
| Carex echinodes (Fernald) P.E.Rothr., Reznicek & Hipp1902. Carex straminea var. echinodes Fernald in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 37:474 1909. Carex straminea f. echinodes (Fernald) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler 20(38):206 1923. Carex festucacea var. echinodes (Fernald) Farw. in Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 1924. Carex tenera var. echinodes (Fernald) Wiegand in Rhodora 26:2 2009. Carex echinodes (Fernald) P.E.Rothr., Reznicek & Hipp in Syst. Bot. 34:304 | Prickly quill sedge Bristly nodding sedge Bristly sedge Quill sedge Marsh straw sedgeCarex épineux | Native, CoC: 5, Endangered, S1, G5 Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 52, 54, 56 | NYFA: 3 counties iNat: 2 counties? GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNAFNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Carex bebbii (L.H.Bailey) Olney ex Fernald1889. Carex tribuloides var. bebbii L.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 1: 55 1902. Carex bebbii (L.H.Bailey) Olney ex Fernald in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 37:478 | Bebb's sedge Bebb sedge Bebb's oval sedgeCarex de Bebb | Native, CoC: 5, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 68, 70 | NYFA: 37 counties iNat: St. Lawrence GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex brevior (Dewey) Mack. ex Lunell1826. Carex straminea var. brevior Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 11:158 1902. Carex festucacea var. brevior (Dewey) Fernald in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 1915. Carex brevior (Dewey) Mack. ex Lunell in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4:235 | Short-beaked sedge Shortbeak sedge Round-fruited sedge Fescue sedge Brevior sedge Plains oval sedge Shorter sedgeCarex à têtes Carex à têtes courtes | Native, CoC: 5, Secure, S5, G5? FAC Perennial, Graminoid, 2n=48,52,56,60,64,68 | NYFA: 30 counties iNat: 5 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex crawfordii Fernald1862. Carex scoparia var. minor Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 3:116 1902. Carex crawfordii Fernald in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 37:469 1902. Carex crawfordii var. vigens Fernald in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 37:470 1909. Carex crawfordii f. vigens (Fernald) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr. | Crawford's sedge Crawford's oval sedgeCarex de Crawford Laîche de Crawford | Native, CoC: 4, Likely secure, S4, G5 FACW-FAC Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 52, ca. 66, 70 | NYFA: 23 counties iNat: Chautauqua, Warren GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex festucacea Willd.1805. Carex festucacea Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4:242 1830. Vignea festucacea (Willd.) Rchb. in J.C.Mössler, Handb. Gewächsk. 1838. Carex straminea var. festucacea (Willd.) Gay in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. | Fescue sedge Fescue oval sedgeCarex fausse-fétuque | Native, CoC: 3, Likely secure, S4, G5 FAC Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 68, 70 | NYFA: 16 counties iNat: Jefferson County GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN COL POWO Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex bicknellii Britton & A.Br.1862. Carex straminea var. crawei Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 3:21 1896. Carex bicknellii Britton & A.Br. in Ill. Fl. N. U.S. 1:360 1992. Carex brevior var. crawei (Boott) B.Boivin in Provancheria 25:127 | Bicknell'S Sedge Copper-shoulder oval sedgeCarex de Bicknell | Native, CoC: 5, Rare, DEC-C, S3, G5 FAC Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 76, 78 | NYFA: 11 counties iNat: No RG NY observations GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex merritt-fernaldii Mack.1922. Carex merritt-fernaldii Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 49:370. 1923 1923. Carex brevior var. pseudofestucacea Farw. in Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 1924 | Fernald's sedge Fernald's oval sedge Merritt Fernald's sedgeCarex de Fernald | Native, CoC: 5, Threatened, DEC-B, S2-S3, G5 Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 70, 74 | NYFA: 12 counties iNat: St. Lawrence county GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex molesta Mack.1931. Carex molesta Mack. in N.L.Britton & al. N. Amer. Fl. 18:151 1940. Carex brevior var. molesta (Mack.) F.C.Gates in Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. | Troublesome sedge Field oval sedgeCarex dérangeant | Native, CoC: 5, Threatened, DEC-B, S4, G4 Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 68, 70 | NYFA: 20 counties iNat: Erie Jeff Niag Onon GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex tincta (Fernald) Fernald1902. Carex mirabilis var. tincta Fernald in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 37:473 1913. Carex tincta (Fernald) Fernald in Rhodora 15: 186 1924. Carex normalis var. tincta (Fernald) House in Bull. NYS Mus. Nat. Hist. | Tinged sedge Colored sedgeCarex coloré | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, DEC-A, SH, G4-G5 Perennial, Graminoid, n = 36+IV | NYFA: Dutc Rens iNat: No NY observations GBIF: None in NY | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (c) Rare. 1 2 New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (b) Threatened. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ||||||

##### Subg. Vignea > sect. Cyperoideae >> sect. Ovales "Tribuloideae"

* Carex tribuloidesK.K.Mackenzie’s (1940) "Tribuloideae" group of traditional section Ovales has been characterized by
* perigynium beak cross-section: flat,
* perigynium body shape in outline: ovate,
* pistillate scale: short,
* lowest bract of the entire inflorescence: short,
* vegetative culm: long, leafy,
* inner face of the leaf sheath: green.
* ↑ Hipp, Andrew & Reznicek, Anton & Rothrock, Paul & Weber, Jaime. (2006). Phylogeny and Classification of Carex Section Ovales (Cyperaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences - INT J PLANT SCI. 167. 10.1086/505538.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea sect. Cyperoideae :
| Genus Carex fna-sect. Ovales "Tribuloideae" | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex tribuloides Wahlenb. var. tribuloides1803. Carex richardii Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 170, nom. illeg. 1803. Carex tribuloides Wahlenb. in Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 24:145 1805. Carex lagopodioides Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 230 1830. Vignea lagopodioides (Willd.) Rchb. in J.C.Mössler, Handb. Gewächsk. 1836. Carex scoparia var. lagopodioides (Willd.) Torr. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. NY 1885. Carex lagopodioides var. moniliformis Olney ex L.H.Bailey in Bot. Gaz 1886. Carex tribuloides var. reducta L.H.Bailey in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 1889. Carex tribuloides var. turbata L.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 1893. Carex tribuloides f. aggregata Peck in Rep. (Annual) Regents Univ. NYS Mus 1909. Carex cristata var. reducta (L.H.Bailey) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.) Pflanzenr. | Blunt broom sedge Awl-fruited oval sedgeCarex tribuloïde | Native, CoC: 4, Secure, S5, G5 FACW Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 5, 2n = 70 | NYFA: 49 counties iNat: 7 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex projecta Mack.1908. Carex projecta Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club | Necklace sedge Loose-headed oval sedge Projecting sedgeCarex à bec étalé | Native, CoC: 4, Secure, S5 FACW Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 5, 2n = 64 | NYFA: 45 counties iNat: 6 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN COL POWO FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex cristatella Britton1824. Carex cristata Schwein. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. NY, nom. illeg. 1843. Carex straminea var. cristata Tuck. in Enum. Meth. Caric.: 18 1886. Carex tribuloides var. cristata (Tuck.) L.H.Bailey in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 1896. Carex cristatella Britton in N.L.Britton & A.Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. 1921. Carex cristata f. ellipsoidalis Farw. in Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 1923. Carex cristata var. catelliformis Farw. in Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 1924 1942. Carex cristatella f. catelliformis (Farw.) Fernald in Rhodora 44: 284 | Crested sedge Crested oval sedgeCarex accrêté | Native, CoC: 4, Secure, S5, G5 FACW Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 8, 2n = 70 | NYFA: 40 counties iNat: 8 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN Images Wikispecies |
| Carex muskingumensis Schweinitz1824. Carex muskingumensis Schwein. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. NY 1826. Carex arida Schwein. & Torr. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. NY 1836. Carex scoparia Torr. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. NY 1843. Carex scoparia var. muskingumensis (Schwein.) Tuck. in Enum. Meth. Caric 1913. Thysanocarex muskingumensis (Schwein.) Fedde & J.Schust. in Just's 1918 1979. Vignea muskingumensis (Schwein.) Soják in Čas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. | Muskingum sedge Swamp oval sedge Palm sedgeCarex de la rivière Muskingum | Introduced from  MI-OH-AR-MN, Midwest native, SNA OBL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 5 | NYFA: Bronx, New York iNat: 5 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany-0 VASCAN FNA NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |

##### Subg. Vignea > sect. Cyperoideae >> sect. Ovales "Alatae"

* Carex alataK.K.Mackenzie’s (1940) "Alatae" group of traditional section Ovales has been characterized by
* perigynium beak cross-section: flat,
* perigynium body shape in outline: obovate,
* pistillate scale: short,
* lowest bract of the entire inflorescence: short,
* vegetative culm: short,
* inner face of the leaf sheath: green.
* ↑ Hipp, Andrew & Reznicek, Anton & Rothrock, Paul & Weber, Jaime. (2006). Phylogeny and Classification of Carex Section Ovales (Cyperaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences - INT J PLANT SCI. 167. 10.1086/505538.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea sect. Cyperoideae :
| Genus Carex fna-sect. Ovales "Alatae" | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex alata Torr.1836. Carex alata Torr. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. NY 1840. Kolerma alata (Torr.) Raf. in Good Book 1871. Carex alata var. pulchra Olney in Car. Bor. Am. 1875. Carex straminea var. alata (Torr.) Boeckeler in Linnaea 1909. Carex albolutescens var. alata (Torr.) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr. | Broadwing sedge Broad-winged sedge Winged oval sedgeCarex ailé | Native, CoC: 9, Likely secure, S4, G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 74. | NYFA: 18 counties iNat: Monroe (2020) GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex albolutescens Schwein.1828. Carex albolutescens Schwein. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 1836. Carex straminea var. foenea Torr. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 1836. Carex foenea Muhl. ex Torr. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York, nom. illeg. 1838. Carex straminea var. intermedia J.Gay in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2 1867. Carex foenea var. ferruginea A.Gray in Manual, ed. 5 1872. Carex albolutescens var. brunnea Olney ex A.Gray in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 1872. Carex albolutescens var. sparsiflora Olney ex A.Gray in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 1902. Carex alata var. ferruginea (A.Gray) Fernald in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 1909. Carex albolutescens var. ferruginea (A.Gray) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler | Greenish-white sedge Green-white sedge Greenwhite sedge | Native, CoC: 7, Unranked, SNR, G5 FACW Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 66 | NYFA: 6 counties iNat: Rockland, Suffolk GBIF: present in NY | USDA-N0 POWO FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex longii Mack.1922. Carex longii Mack. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 1850. Carex leporina var. bracteata Liebm. in Mexic. Halvgr | Long's sedge Round-shouldered oval sedge Green-and-white SedgeCarex de Long | Native, CoC: 5, Unranked, SNR, G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 58, 62 | NYFA: 7 counties iNat: 5 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN COL POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex cumulata (L.H.Bailey) Mack.1883. Carex albolutescens var. cumulata (L.H.Bailey) L.H.Bailey in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 1889. Carex straminea var. cumulata L.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 1942. Carex cumulata f. soluta Fernald in Rhodora 1922. Carex cumulata (L.H.Bailey) Mack. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club (1923) | Clustered sedge Crowded oval sedge Accumulating sedge Dense sedgeCarex dense | Native, CoC: 6, Threatened, DEC-B, S2-S3, G4-G5, NYNHP: S2S3 FACU Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 36, 38 | NYFA: 2-3 iNat: Cllinton, Dutchess, Ulster GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (b) Threatened. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex cumulata. Accessed February 11, 2024. ||||||

##### Subg. Vignea > sect. Cyperoideae >> sect. Ovales "Fetae"

* Carex hormathodesK.K.Mackenzie’s (1940) "Fetae" group of traditional section Ovales has been characterized by
* perigynium beak cross-section: terete,
* perigynium body shape in outline: ovate,
* pistillate scale: short,
* lowest bract of the entire inflorescence: short,
* vegetative culm: short,
* inner face of the leaf sheath: green.
* ↑ Hipp, Andrew & Reznicek, Anton & Rothrock, Paul & Weber, Jaime. (2006). Phylogeny and Classification of Carex Section Ovales (Cyperaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences - INT J PLANT SCI. 167. 10.1086/505538.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea sect. Cyperoideae :
| Genus Carex fna-sect. Ovales "Fetae" | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex silicea Olney1843. Carex straminea var. moniliformis Tuck. in Enum. Meth. Caric. 1862. Carex adusta J.Carey ex Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 1867. Carex foenea var. sabulonum A.Gray in Manual 1868. Carex silicea Olney in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 1879. Carex moniliformis Britton in Geol. Surv. New Jersey 1884. Carex straminea var. silicea (Olney) L.H.Bailey in Carex Cat | Sea-beach sedge Seabeach sedge Beach sedgeCarex silicicole | Native, Likely secure Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 74, 76 | NYFA: 5 counties iNat: 4 counties GBIF: 7 counties | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex hormathodes Fernald1862. Carex straminea var. aperta Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 1884. Carex straminea var. indivisa W.Boott in Bot. Gaz. 1896. Carex straminea f. indivisa (W.Boott) Britton in N.L.Britton & A.Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. 1906. Carex hormathodes Fernald in Rhodora 8:165 1906. Carex hormathodes var. invisa (W.Boott) Fernald in Rhodora 1942. Carex hormathodes f. invisa (W.Boott) Fernald in Rhodora | Marsh straw sedgeCarex moniliforme | Native, CoC: 9, Threatened, DEC-B, S2-S3, G4-G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 74 | NYFA: 2-3 iNat: 3 counties GBIF: present in NY | POWO Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex straminea Willd. ex Schkuhr1801. Carex straminea Willd. ex Schkuhr in Beschr. Riedgräs 1840. Vignea straminea (Willd. ex Schkuhr) Raf. in Good Book 1848. Carex festucacea var. tenera J.Carey in A.Gray, Manual 1880. Carex scoparia var. fulva W.Boott in S.Watson & al., Bot. California 1880. Carex cristata var. mirabilis W.Boott in S.Watson & al., Bot. California, nom. illeg. 1888. Carex straminea var. typica Macoun in Cat. Canad. Pl, not validly publ. 1902. Carex tenera var. richii Fernald in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 1922. Carex richii (Fernald) Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club | Eastern straw sedge Straw sedge | Native, Endangered, DEC-A Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 74 | NYFA: 21 counties iNat: no NY observations GBIF: present in NY | USDA-N0 POWO Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (b) Threatened. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ||||||

##### Subg. Vignea > sect. Cyperoideae >> sect. Ovales "Foeneae"

* Carex foeneaK.K.Mackenzie’s (1940) "Foeneae" group of traditional section Ovales has been characterized by
* perigynium beak cross-section: flat,
* perigynium body shape in outline: ovate,
* pistillate scale: long,
* lowest bract of the entire inflorescence: short,
* vegetative culm: short,
* inner face of the leaf sheath: hyaline.
* ↑ Hipp, Andrew & Reznicek, Anton & Rothrock, Paul & Weber, Jaime. (2006). Phylogeny and Classification of Carex Section Ovales (Cyperaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences - INT J PLANT SCI. 167. 10.1086/505538.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea sect. Cyperoideae :
| Genus Carex fna-sect. Ovales "Foeneae" | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex foenea Willd.1809. Carex foenea Willd. in Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol.: 957 1830. Vignea foenea (Willd.) Rchb. in J.C.Mössler, Handb. Gewächsk. 1902. Carex aenea Fernald in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 37:480 1909. Carex foenea var. aenea (Fernald) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler 1953. Carex aenea f. extrapolata Butters & Abbe in Rhodora 55:130 1953. Carex aenea f. flumini-regalis Butters & Abbe in Rhodora 55:130 1979. Carex argyrantha var. aenea (Fernald) B.Boivin in Phytologia 43: 60 | Hay sedge Straw Sedge Fernald's hay sedge Bronze sedge Bronzy sedge Bronze-headed oval sedgeCarex fourrager Carex cuivré | Native, CoC: 8, Secure, S5 UPL Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 82, 84 | NYFA: 18 counties iNat: Clinton, Essex | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN Images Wikispecies |
| Carex argyrantha Tuck. ex Boott1862. Carex argyrantha Tuck. ex Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 3:119 1889. Carex foenea var. perplexa L.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 1:27 | Silvery-flowered sedge Silvery-green sedge Hay sedge Silvery hay sedge Silvery oval sedgeCarex argenté | Native, CoC: 7, Likely secure, S4, G5 Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 80 | NYFA: 15 counties iNat: 6 counties | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex adusta Boott1839. Carex adusta Boott in W.J.Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:215 1863. Carex mirabilis var. adusta (Boott) Prov. in Fl. Canad. 2:648 1884. Carex adusta var. glomerata L.H.Bailey in Carex Cat.: 2 1886. Carex albolutescens var. glomerata Olney ex L.H.Bailey in Proc. AAA 1887. Carex pinguis L.H.Bailey in Bull. Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv. 3:22 | Lesser brown sedge Swarthy sedge Browned sedge Burnt sedge Crowded sedgeCarex brûlé | Native, Endangered, S1 Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 78 | NYFA: Clinton (2020) iNat: Clinton (2020) | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

## Carex subg. Carex

* VI. Carex subg. Carex. Subgenus Carex is the largest and morphologically the most variable Carex subgenus. The flowers of most of its species have three stigmas and primarily unisexual spikes.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix

### Subg. Carex > sect. Secalinae

* Carex secalina, Staten IslandVI.IS4. Carex sect. Secalinae (O. Lang) O.Lang. ex Kük., in H.G.A.Engler, Pflanzenr. 38(IV. 20): 679. 1909.
* Contains all 3 traditional section Secalinae species (C. eremopyroides, C. hordeistichos, and C secalina) globally.
* iNaturalist includes this section as Section Secalinae (Carex Sect. Secalinae).
* No species of this section are listed in the Flora of North America North of Mexico.
* The Eurasian species Carex secalina was reported in New York in 2012 by David A. Werier and Robert F. C. Naczi
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Peter W. Ball, A. A. Reznicek (2020). Carex in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
* ↑ David A. Werier and Robert F. C. Naczi (2012) Carex secalina (Cyperaceae), an Introduced Sedge New to North America. Rhodora 114(960), 349-365, (5 October 2012).
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Secalinae :
| Genus Carex sect. Secalinae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex secalina Willd. ex Wahlenb.1803. Carex secalina Willd. ex Wahlenb. in Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 1866. Carex hordeistichos var. microstachys Schur in Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 1867. Carex hordeistichos var. secalina (Willd. ex Wahlenb.) Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 1877. Carex hordeistichos var. microcarpa Boeckeler in Linnaea 1918. Kuekenthalia secalina (Willd. ex Wahlenb.) Fedde & J.Schust. in Just's Bot. Jahresber | Rye sedge Rye-like sedge | Introduced from  Eurasia, Naturalized, SNA Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: 4 counties iNat: Kings, Richmond GBIF: 5 counties | USDA-X0 COL POWO Images Wikispecies |

### Subg. Carex > sect. Albae

* Carex eburneaVI.A.1. Carex sect. Albae (Asch. & Graeb.) Kük., in H.G.A.Engler, Pflanzenr. 38(IV. 20): 499. 1909.
* Contains all 4 of the species of traditional section Albae globally (C. alba, C. eburnea, C. mckittrickensis, C. ussuriensis).
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Albae contains 4 species worldwide, 2 of which (C. eburnea, C. mckittrickensis) are found in North America North of Mexico.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Peter W. Ball (2020). Carex sect. Albae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Albae :
| Genus Carex sect. Albae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex eburnea Boott  1839. Carex eburnea Boott in W.J.Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:226 1824. Carex alba Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 7: 266, nom. illeg. 1826. Carex alba var. setifolia Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 11:316 1896. Carex setifolia (Dewey) Britton & A.Br. in Ill. Fl. N. U.S. 1:332, nom. illeg. | Bristle-leaved sedge Bristleleaf sedge Ebony sedge Ivory sedgeCarex ivoirin | Native, CoC: 8, Likely secure, S4 FACU Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: 27 counties iNat: 12 counties | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |

### Subg. Carex > Flacca Clade

* Carex flaccaVI.E.3. Flacca Clade contains species from traditional Carex sections Thuringiaca (6/7), Aulocystis/Ferrugineae (9/74), Depauperatae (1/5), Abditispicae (8/8), Pellucidae (2/2). Paniceae (1/26).
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Thuringiaca contains 2 or 3 (7) species worldwide but only Carex flacca appears to have been found in North America, where it was introduced from Eurasia.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Lisa A. Standley (2020). Carex sect. Thuringiaca in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex — clade Flacca :
| Genus Carex fna-sect. Thuringiaca | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex flacca Schreb. ssp. flacca1771. Carex flacca Schreb. in Spic. Fl. Lips., App.:178 1772. Carex glauca Scop. in Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2:223 1779. Carex verna Lam. in Fl. Franç. 2: 185 1787. Carex aspera Willd. in Fl. Berol. Prodr.:32 1821. Trasus glaucus (Scop.) Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2:67 (1822) 1844. Carex bulbosa Drejer in Symb. Caric.:20 | Heath sedge Glaucous sedge Blue sedge Flabby sedgeCarex glauque Laîche glauque Laiche flasque | Introduced from  Europe,  northern Africa, Potentially invasive | | NYFA: 3 counties iNat: No NY observations | USDA-XX COL POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos NatureServe Images Wikispecies |

### Subg. Carex > sect. Paniceae

* VI.E.4. Carex sect. Paniceae G.Don, in J.C.Loudon, Hort. Brit. 376. 1830.
* Most of the species of the three nested traditional sections Bicolores (4/4), Paniceae s.s. (24/26), and Laxiflorae (17/17) were combined into a larger sect. Paniceae. Although sect. Bicolores has been found to be monophyletic, it is nested in sect. Paniceae s.s., which is nested in sect. Laxiflorae.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix

#### Subg. Carex > sect. Paniceae >> sect. Bicolores

* Carex aureaVI.E.4. Carex sect. Paniceae contains all 4 species of traditional sect. Bicolores globally.
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Bicolores contains 4 species worldwide, all of which (C. aurea, C. bicolor, C. garberi, C. hassei) are found in North America, but only C. aurea and C. garberi are found in New York.
* Traditional sect. Bicolores contains two species that are found in New York State. The parigynia of C. aurea (golden-fruited sedge) are nearly spherical and turn bright orange when mature, while the those of the endangered C. garberi (elk sedge) turn glaucous white with age.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Peter W. Ball (2020). Carex sect. Bicolores in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
* ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex garberi. Updated on: May 31, 2006
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Paniceae :
| Genus Carex fna-sect. Bicolores | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex aurea Nutt.1818. Carex aurea Nutt. in Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1823. Carex mutica R.Br. in J.Franklin, Narr. Journey Polar Sea 1840. Neskiza aurea (Nutt.) Raf. in Good Book 1855. Carex pyriformis F.W.Schultz in Jahresber. Pollichia 1919. Carex aurea f. colorata Farw. in Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. | Golden-fruited sedge Golden sedge Pumpkin sedgeCarex doré | Native, CoC: 6, Secure, S5, G5 FACW Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 8, 2n = 52 | NYFA: 30 counties iNat: 14 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Carex garberi Fernald1871. Carex aurea Nuttall androgyna Olney in S.Watson, Botany [Fortieth Parallel] 1935. Carex garberi Fernald in Rhodora 37:253 1935. Carex garberi var. bifaria (Fernald) Hultén in Ark. Bot 1968. Carex garberi ssp. bifaria Fernald in Rhodora 37:255 | Elk sedge Garber's sedge False golden sedgeCarex de Garber | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, DEC-A, S1, G5, NYNHP: 1 FACW Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 7 | NYFA: 6 counties iNat: no NY reports GBIF: no NY reports | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNAFNA Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex garberi. May 31, 2006. ||||||

#### Subg. Carex > sect. Paniceae >> sect. Paniceae

* Carex woodiiVI.E.4. Carex sect. Paniceae includes (in part) 24 of the 26 species of the traditional sect. Paniceae globally.
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Paniceae contains about 14 (26) species worldwide, 10 of which are found in North America North of Mexico, and 7 of which are listed in New York.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Paul E. Rothrock, A. A. Reznicek (2020). Carex sect. Paniceae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Paniceae :
| Genus Carex sect. Paniceae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex tetanica Schkuhr1806. Carex tetanica Schkuhr in Beschr. Riedgräs. 1840. Olotrema tetanica (Schkuhr) Raf. in Good Book 1855. Carex multinervis Boeckeler in Flora 38 1858. Carex alveata Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 1887. Carex tetanica var. canbyi Porter in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1888 1887. Carex tetanica var. carteri Porter in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1888 1894. Carex meadii Porter in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, nom. illeg. 1909. Carex tetanica f. canbyi (Porter) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr. | Rigid sedge Common stiff sedgeCarex tétanique | Native, CoC: 8, Secure, S4-S5 FACW Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 24 counties iNat: 3 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex woodii Dewey1846. Carex woodii Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2 1889. Carex tetanica var. woodii (Dewey) L.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 1909. Carex tetanica f. woodii (Dewey) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr 1910. Carex colorata Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club | Wood’s sedge ⓘ Pretty sedge ⓘ Purple-tinged sedge ⓘ Wood's stiff sedge ⓘ Carex de Wood ⓘ | Native, CoC: 8, Likely secure, S4, G4 FACU-UPL Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 44 | NYFA: 18 counties iNat: 6 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex livida (Wahlenb.) Willd.1803. Carex limosa ssp. livida Wahlenb. in Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 1805. Carex livida (Wahlenb.) Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 1834. Carex grayana Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 1840. Edritria livida (Wahlenb.) Raf. in Good Book 1865. Carex livida var. radicalis Paine in Rep. (Annual) Regents Univ. NYS Cab. Nat. Hist. 1887. Carex confertospicata Boeckeler in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 1922. Carex fujitae Kudô in J. Coll. Agric. Hokkaido Imp. Univ. 1926. Carex livida var. grayana (Dewey) Fernald in Rhodora 1926. Carex livida var. rufiniformis Fernald in Rhodora | Livid sedge ⓘ Pale sedge ⓘ Lead-coloured sedge ⓘ Carex livide ⓘ | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, DEC-A, S2, G5, NYNHP: S2 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 32 | NYFA: 8 counties iNat: 3 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex meadii Dewey1842. Carex meadii Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 1848. Carex panicea J.Carey in A.Gray, Manual, nom. illeg. 1884. Carex meadii var. bebbii Arthur in Proc. Davenport Acad. Nat. Sci 1889. Carex tetanica var. meadii (Dewey) L.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 1909. Carex douglasii f. meadii (Dewey) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr | Mead's sedge ⓘ Mead's stiff sedge ⓘ Carex de Mead ⓘ | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, DEC-A, SH, G4-G5, NYNHP: SH FAC Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 5 counties iNat: no NY observations | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex vaginata Tausch var. vaginata1806. Carex depauperata Hornem. in Fors. Oecon. Plantel., ed. 2 1812. Carex panicea var. sparsiflora Wahlenb. in Fl. Lapp.: 236 1821. Carex vaginata Tausch in Flora 4: 557 1821. Carex smithii Tausch in Flora 4: 559 1826. Carex panicea var. pauciflora Wahlenb. in Fl. Suecica 1830. Carex tetanica Rchb. in Fl. Germ. Excurs, nom. illeg. 1840. Carex sparsiflora (Wahlenb.) Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 1889. Carex saltuensis L.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 1912. Carex panicea ssp. vaginata (Tausch) Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France | Sheathed sedge ⓘ Carex engaîné ⓘ Laiche engainante ⓘ | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, DEC-A, S1, G5, NYNHP: S1 OBL Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 5 counties | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN Images Wikispecies |
| Carex panicea L.1753. Carex panicea L. in Sp. Pl.: 977 1821. Trasus paniceus (L.) Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 1851. Carex pelia O.Lang in Linnaea 1852. Carex efflata Laest. ex Trevir. in C.F.von Ledebour, Fl. Ross. | Grass-like sedge ⓘ Millet sedge ⓘ Carnation sedge ⓘ Pink-leaved sedge ⓘ Carex faux-millet ⓘ Laîche bleuâtre ⓘ Laîche faux-panic ⓘ | Introduced from  Eurasia,  Greenland Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: X | USDA-XN POWO VASCAN Images Wikispecies |
| 1 2 3 New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex livida. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex meadii. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex vaginata. ||||||

#### Subg. Carex > sect. Paniceae >> sect. Laxiflorae

* Carex laxifloraVI.E.4. Carex sect. Paniceae includes (in part) all 17 species (globally) of traditional Carex section Laxiflorae. Phylogenetically, there is evidence that traditional sect. Paniceae is embedded within sect. Laxiflora.
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Laxiflorae contains about 16 (17) species worldwide, 15 of which are found in North America North of Mexico.
* About 8 of these are listed in New York State.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Charles T. Bryson, Robert F. C. Naczi (2020). Carex sect. Laxiflorae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
* ↑ Werier et al. (2024). Carex. New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Laxiflorae :
| Genus Carex fna-sect. Laxiflorae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex laxiflora Lam.1792. Carex laxiflora Lam. in Encycl. 3:378 1805. Carex anceps Muhl. ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 1817. Carex plantaginea Muhl. in Descr. Gram., nom. illeg. 1837. Carex nematosperma Willd. ex Kunth in Enum. Pl. 1840. Deweya anceps (Muhl. ex Willd.) Raf. in Good Book | Broad loose-flowered sedge Broad looseflower sedge Loose-flowered sedge Beech wood sedge Two-edge sedgeCarex laxiflore | Native, CoC: 7, Secure, S5, G5 UPL-FACU Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 40 | NYFA: 53 counties iNat: 5 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex gracilescens Steud.1855. Carex gracilescens Steud. in Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2:226 1858. Carex laxiflora var. gracillima Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 1:38 | Slender loose-flowered sedge Rather slender sedge Slender wood sedge Slender sedge Slender rich woodland sedgeCarex grêle | Native, CoC: 8, Secure, S5, G5? Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 33, 38, 40 | NYFA: 30 counties iNat: St. Lawrence GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex leptonervia (Fernald) Fernald1906. Carex laxiflora var. leptonervia Fernald in Rhodora 8:184 1914. Carex leptonervia (Fernald) Fernald in Rhodora 16:214 1889. Carex laxiflora var. varians L.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 1:32 1901. Carex varians (L.H.Bailey) Hay, T.S.Palmer & C.D.White, not validly publ. 1909. Carex laxiflora f. varians (L.H.Bailey) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.) 1919. Carex blanda var. varians (L.H.Bailey) Burnham in Torreya 19: 133 | Nerveless woodland sedge Finely-nerved sedge Few-nerved wood sedge Northern woodland sedge Ribless woodland sedgeCarex leptonervé | Native, CoC: 7, Secure, S5, G4 FAC-FACW Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 36 | NYFA: 45 counties iNat: St. Lawrence GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex laxiflora × leptonervia  Carex laxiflora ×   Carex leptonervia | Hybrid-of:   Loose-flowered sedge   Finely-nerved sedge | Native, Hybrid Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: Rensselaer (1997) | FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex blanda Dewey1826. Carex blanda Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 10:45 1839. Carex anceps var. blanda (Dewey) Boott in W.J.Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1840. Deweya blanda (Dewey) Raf. in Good Book: 26 1858. Carex laxiflora var. blanda (Dewey) Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 1:37 | Eastern woodland sedge Common woodland sedge Charming woodland sedge Woodland sedge Bland sedgeCarex lisse | Native, CoC: 4, Secure, S5, G5? FAC Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 30,32,34,36 | NYFA: 49 counties iNat: 16 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex albursina E.Sheld.1858. Carex laxiflora var. latifolia Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 1:38 1893. Carex albursina E.Sheld. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 20:284 | White bear sedge Blunt-scale wood SedgeCarex du lac à l'Ours-Blanc Carex de l'ours blanc | Native, CoC: 8, Secure, S5, G5 Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 44 | NYFA: 32 counties iNat: 11 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex ormostachya Wiegand1922. Carex ormostachya Wiegand in Rhodora 24:196 1952. Carex laxiflora var. ormostachya (Wiegand) Gleason in Phytologia 4:22 | Necklace spike sedge Necklace-like spike sedge Necklace-spike wood sedgeCarex en chapelet | Native, CoC: 4, Likely secure, S4, G4 Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 16 counties iNat: St. Lawrence GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex striatula Michx.1803. Carex striatula Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:173 1803. Carex heterosperma Wahlenb. in Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 24:151 1845. Carex anceps var. angustifolia Dewey in A.Wood, Class-book Bot.:423 1848. Carex anceps var. striatula (Michx.) J.Carey in A.Gray, Manual:554 1860. Carex laxiflora var. striatula (Michx.) Chapm. in Fl. South. U.S.:540 1861. Carex laxiflora var. angustifolia (Dewey) Dewey in A.Wood Class-book Bot. 1889. Carex laxiflora var. michauxii L.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 1909. Carex laxiflora f. striatula (Michx.) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.) | Lined sedge | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, DEC-A, SH, G4-G5, NYNHP: SH Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 36, 40 | NYFA: 5 counties iNat: no NY observations GBIF: historical in NY | USDA-N0 POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex styloflexa Buckley1843. Carex styloflexa Buckley in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 45:174 1858. Carex laxiflora var. styloflexa (Buckley) Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 1:37 1922. Carex styloflexa var. remotiflora Wiegand in Rhodora 24: 200 | Bent sedge Curved style sedge | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, DEC-A, S1, G4-G5, NYNHP: S1 FAC-FACW Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 48 | NYFA: 10 counties iNat: Suffolk County GBIF: historical in NY | USDA-N0 POWO FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| 1 2 New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex striatula. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex styloflexa. ||||||

### Subg. Carex > sect. Pictae

* Carex pedunculataVI.G. Carex sect. Pictae Kük., in H.G.A.Engler, Pflanzenr. 20[IV,38]: 82. 1909.
* Combines globally both traditional sect. Pictae species (C. baltzellii & C. picta) with 2 of the 46 traditional sect. Clandestinae species (C. pedunculata & C. erythrobasis).
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Pictae contains 2 species worldwide (C. baltzellii, C. picta), both of which are found in North America North of Mexico, but neither has been found to naturalize in New York.
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Clandestinae contains about 20 (46) species worldwide, 4 of which (C. concinna, C. concinnoides, C. pedunculata, C. richardsonii) are found in North America North of Mexico. Of these, only Carex pedunculata is known in New York.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Peter W. Ball (2020). Carex sect. Pictae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
* ↑ William J. Crins (2020). Carex sect. Clandestinae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Pictae :
| Genus Carex fna-sect. Clandestinae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex pedunculata Muhl. ex Willd. ssp. pedunculata1805 Carex pedunculata Muhl. ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4:222 | Long-stalked sedge Longstalk sedge Pedunculate sedge Peduncled sedge Stalked sedgeCarex pédonculé | Native, CoC: 6, Secure, S5, G5 FAC-OBL Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: 39 counties iNat: 17 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN COL WFO POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |

### Subg. Carex > Hirta Clade

* Carex luridaVI.H.1. Hirta Clade contains all or parts of traditional sections Carex (16/18), Lupulinae (6/6), Paludosae (26/33), Squarrosae (2/4), and Vesicariae (49/49). These traditional sections are thought to represent largely monophyletic subclades. They share a number of morphological and habitat similarities and hybridize more readily than most other Carex groups.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix

#### Subg. Carex > Hirta Clade >> sect. Paludosae

* Carex lacustrisVI.H.1. Hirta Clade includes 26 of the 33 species globally of traditional sect. Paludosae.
* New York species of traditional sect. Paludosae were distributed as follows:
* VI.H.1. Hirta Clade  : C. houghtoniana, C. hyalinolepis, C. lacustris, C. lasiocarpa, C. pellita, C. striata
* VI.M.2. sect. Paludosae : C. acutiformis
* VI.M.3. Vestita Clade  : C. vestita
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Paludosae contains about 35 (33) species worldwide, 14 of which are found in North America North of Mexico.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ A. A. Reznicek, Paul M. Catling (2020). Carex sect. Paludosae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
* ↑ A.S.Weakley & Southeastern Flora Team (2024). Sect. Paludosae, Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, U.S.A.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex — clade Hirta :
| Genus Carex sect. Paludosae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex lacustris Willd.1805. Carex lacustris Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 306 1817. Carex riparia Muhl. in Descr. Gram.: 259, nom. illeg. 1840. Anithista lacustris (Willd.) Raf. in Good Book: 26 1840. Anithista riparia Raf. in Good Book: 26 1909. Carex riparia var. lacustris (Willd.) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.) Pflanzenr. | Lake sedge Lakeside sedge Lakeshore sedge Lakebank sedge Common lake sedge Lake-bank sedge Hairy sedgeCarex lacustre | Native, CoC: 5, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 74 | NYFA: 46 counties iNat: 18 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex lasiocarpa Ehrh. var. americana Fernald1803. Carex lanuginosa Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:175 1888. Carex filiformis var. lanuginosa (Michx.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. in Prelim. Cat. 1896. Carex lanuginosa var. kansana Britton in N.L.Britton & A.Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S 1909. Carex lasiocarpa f. kansana (Britton) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr. 1909. Carex lasiocarpa var. lanuginosa (Michx.) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr. 1939. Carex lasiocarpa ssp. lanuginosa (Michx.) R.T.Clausen & Wahl in Rhodora 41: 31 1942. Carex lasiocarpa var. americana Fernald in Rhodora 44:304 1950. Carex lanuginosa var. oriens Raymond in Naturaliste Canad. 77: 59 1959. Carex lasiocarpa ssp. americana (Fernald) Á.Löve & J.-P.Bernard in Svensk Bot. 1967. Carex lanuginosa var. americana (Fernald) B.Boivin in Naturaliste Canad. 94: 523 | American woolly-fruited sedge American woollyfruit sedge Woolly-fruited sedge Narrow-leaved woolly sedge Slender sedge WiregrassCarex à fruits tomenteux d'Amérique | Native, CoC: 9, Secure, S5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 56 | NYFA: 38 counties iNat: 9 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex pellita Muhl. ex Willd.1805. Carex pellita Muhl. ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 302 1840. Diemisa pellita (Muhl. ex Willd.) Raf. in Good Book: 27 1946. Carex lasiocarpa var. latifolia (Boeckler) Gilly in Iowa State Coll. J. Sci. | Woolly sedge Broad-Leaved Woolly SedgeCarex laineux | Native, CoC: 4, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 78 | NYFA: 33 counties iNat: 10 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex houghtoniana Torr. ex Dewey1836. Carex houghtoniana Torr. ex Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 30:63 1836. Carex houghtonii Torr. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3:413, orth. var. | Houghton's sedge Houghton's woolly sedge Sand sedgeCarex de Houghton | Native, CoC: 5, Threatened, S2, G5, NYNHP: S2 Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 10 counties iNat: Essex County GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex striata Michx.1803. Carex striata Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:174 1824. Carex bullata Elliott in Sketch Bot. S. Carolina, nom. illeg. 1836. Carex polymorpha Torr. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3: 413 1893. Carex walteriana L.H.Bailey in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 20:420 1893. Carex walteriana var. brevis (L.H.Bailey) L.H.Bailey ... 20:429 1899. Carex striata var. brevis L.H.Bailey Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 1:34 | Walter's sedge | Native, CoC: 5, Threatened, S2, G4-G5, NYNHP: S2 OBL Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: Long Island iNat: Suffolk County GBIF: Long Island | USDA-N0 POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN-0 FNA Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York Rare Plant Status Lists, March 2023, Compiled by Richard M. Ring, New York Natural Heritage Program. ↑ New York Rare Plant Status Lists, March 2023, Compiled by Richard M. Ring, New York Natural Heritage Program. ||||||

#### Subg. Carex > Hirta Clade >> sect. Carex

* Carex trichocarpaVI.H.1. Hirta Clade includes 16 of the 18 traditional sect. Carex species globally.
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Carex contains about 10 (18) species worldwide, 5 of which are found in North America North of Mexico.
* Three of these Carex species are native or naturalized in New York State, including the introduced Carex hirta, which is the type species of this section, subgenus, and the Carex genus as a whole.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ A.A. Reznicek, Paul M. Catling(2020). Carex sect. Carex in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex — clade Hirta :
| Genus Carex sect. Carex | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex trichocarpa Muhl. ex Willd.1805. Carex trichocarpa Muhl. ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4:302 1909. Carex aristata ssp. trichocarpa Kük. Pflanzenr. (Engler) 4, Fam. 20:754 | Hairy-fruited sedge Hairy-Fruit Sedge Hairy-Fruited Lake SedgeCarex à fruits velus | Native, CoC: 5, Likely secure, S4, G4 OBL Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 27 counties iNat: 5 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN COL POWO Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex atherodes Spreng.1823. Carex aristata R. Br. in J.Franklin Narr. Journey Polar Sea: 751, nom. illeg. 1826. Carex atherodes Spreng. in Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 3:828 1857. Carex aristata Siegert ex Wimm. in Fl. Schles., ed. 3: 72, nom. illeg. 1882. Carex hirta ssp. siegertiana (R.Uechtr.) Nyman in Consp. Fl. Eur.:769 1885. Carex trichocarpa var. aristata L.H.Bailey in Bot. Gaz. 10:294 | Wheat sedge Awned sedge Hairy-leaved lake sedge Slough sedgeCarex épi-de-blé | Native, CoC: 2, Rare, DEC-C, NYNHP-3, S3, G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 5 counties iNat: 2 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex hirta L.1753. Carex hirta L. in Sp. Pl.: 975 1807. Carex hirtiformis Pers. in Syn. Pl. 2:547 1812. Carex villosa Stokes in Bot. Mat. Med. 4:346 1821. Trasus hirtus (L) Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 58 (1822) 1821. Trasus hirtus var. compositus Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 58 (1822) 1821. Trasus hirtus var. glaber Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 58 (1822) | Hairy sedge Hammer sedgeCarex hérissé | Introduced, Naturalized, SNA, GNR Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 5 counties iNat: 5 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-XX POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (c) Rare. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex atherodes. November 4, 2022 ||||||

#### Subg. Carex > Hirta Clade >> sect. Vesicariae

* Carex comosaVI.H.1. Hirta Clade includes all 49 species (globally) of traditional Carex sect. Vesicariae.
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Vesicariae (including Pseudocypereae) contains about 45 (49) species worldwide, 19 of which are found in North America North of Mexico.
* Perigynia glabrous, smooth.
* Lateral spikes usually pedunculate; lowermost inflorescence bracts sometimes with sheath; peduncles with prophyll at base.
* Terminal spike usually staminate or, sometimes, gynecandrous, staminate flowers then more numerous than pistillate; lateral spikes oblong, distinctly longer than wide; fresh perigynia green or slightly glaucous.
* Pistillate scales obtuse to acuminate or cuspidate.
* Style persistent on the achene.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ A.A. Reznicek, Bruce A. Ford (2020). Carex sect. Vesicariae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
* ↑ A.S.Weakley & Southeastern Flora Team (2024). Key to section Vesicariae, Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, U.S.A.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Vesicariae :
| Genus Carex sect. Vesicariae "scabrous-awned" group | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex lurida Wahlenb.1803. Carex lurida Wahlenb. in Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 24:153 1805. Carex rostrata Muhl. ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4:282, nom. illeg. 1871. Carex purshii Olney in Car. Bor. Am.: 2 | Sallow sedge Lurid sedge Shallow sedgeCarex luisant | Native, CoC: 4, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 6 | | NYFA: 57 counties iNat: 56 counties | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex baileyi Britton1860. Carex tentaculata var. gracilis Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 2:94 1889. Carex lurida var. gracilis (Boott) L.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 1(1):11 1895. Carex baileyi Britton in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22:220 | Bailey's sedgeCarex de Bailey | Native, CoC: 6, Secure, S5, G4 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 6 | | NYFA: 30 counties iNat: Cattaraugus, Essex, Ulster | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex comosa Boott1824. Carex furcata Elliott in Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 2:552, nom. illeg. 1846. Carex comosa Boott in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20:117 1867. Carex pseudocyperus var. comosa (Boott) Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 4:141 | Bristly sedge Bearded sedge Longhair sedgeCarex à toupet | Native, CoC: 4, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 8 | | NYFA: 56 counties iNat: 46 counties | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex hystericina Muhl. ex Willd.1805. Carex hystericina Muhl. ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4:282 1840. Carex erinacea Muhl. ex Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1:288 1845. Carex cooleyi Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 48:144 1855. Carex georgiana Dewey ex Steud. in Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2:225 1861. Carex hystericina var. cooleyi (Dewey) Dewey in A.Wood, Class-book 1889. Carex hystericina var. dudleyi L.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 1:54 1924. Carex hystericina f. dudleyi (L.H.Bailey) Wiegand in Rhodora 26: 2 | Porcupine sedge Bottlebrush sedgeCarex porc-épic | Native, CoC: 5, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 8 | | NYFA: 48 counties iNat: 20 counties | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex pseudocyperus L. var. pseudocyperus1753. Carex pseudocyperus L. in Sp. Pl.: 978 1792. Carex reversa Gilib. in Exerc. Phyt. 2:549, opus utique oppr. 1801. Carex recurva Schkuhr in Beschr. Riedgräs. 1:120, nom. illeg. 1821. Trasus chlorostachyos Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit., nom. superfl. 1832. Carex punctulata R.Lesson ex A.Rich. in J.S.C.Dumont d'Urville, nom. illeg. 1858. Carex latifolia Sol. ex Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 1:52, nom. illeg. 1867. Carex longibracteata Dulac in Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 57 (1867), nom. illeg. | Cyperus-like sedge Cyperus sedge Hop sedge | Native, CoC: 6, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 7 | | NYFA: 30 counties iNat: 7 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex schweinitzii Dewey ex Schwein.1824. Carex schweinitzii Dewey ex Schwein. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. N.Y. 1:71 1829. Carex schweinitzia Eaton in Man. Bot., ed. 5:159, orth. var. | Schweinitz's sedge Schweinitz's flatsedgeCarex de Schweinitz | Native, CoC: 9, Threatened, DEC-B, S2-S3, G3, NYNHP: S2-S3 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 8 | | NYFA: 20 counties iNat: 4 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany ITIS FNAFNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex comosa × hystericina  Carex comosa ×   Carex hystericina | Hybrid bristly & porcupine sedge | Native, Hybrid Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: Chemung (1898), Seneca (1915) | Images Wikispecies |
| Carex hystericina × pseudocyperus  Carex hystericina ×   Carex pseudocyperus | Hybrid porcupine & cyperus-like sedge | Native, Hybrid Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: Seneca (1863) | Images Wikispecies |
| Carex hystericina × schweinitzii  Carex hystericina ×   Carex schweinitzii | Hybrid porcupine & Schweinitz sedge | Native, Hybrid Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: Duchess, Oneida, Tompkins | Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Carex sect. Vesicariae "awnless" group | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex retrorsa Schwein.1824. Carex retrorsa Schwein. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 1:71 1826. Carex reversa Spreng. in Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 3:827 1866. Carex lupulina var. gigantoidea Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 41:328 1906. Carex retrorsa var. robinsonii Fernald in Rhodora 8:201 1921. Carex retrorsa var. gigantoides Farw. in Rhodora 23:87 1959. Carex retrorsa var. multispicula Lepage in Naturaliste Canad. 86:6 | Retrorse sedge Backward-fruited sedge Knotsheath sedgeCarex réfléchi | Native, CoC: 6, Secure, S5, G5 OBL-FACW Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: 44 counties | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex tuckermanii Dewey1825. Carex bullata Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 9:71, nom. illeg. 1826. Carex bullata var. cylindracea Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 11:315 1845. Carex tuckermanii var. cylindracea Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 49:48 1846. Carex tuckermanii Boott in London J. Bot. 5:73 1915. Carex tuckermanii var. niagarensis C.P.Sm. in Rhodora 17:57 | Tuckerman's sedgeCarex de tuckerman | Native, CoC: 8, Secure, S5, G4 OBL Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: 35 counties iNat: 7 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex utriculata Boott1839. Carex utriculata Boott 1844. Carex rhynchophysa |Fisch. &al. 1849. Carex laevirostris Andersson | Beaked sedge Northwest Territory sedgeCarex utriculé | Native, CoC: 7, Secure Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNAFNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex vesicaria L. | Blister sedge Inflated sedge | Native, CoC: 7, Secure Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex oligosperma Michx. | Few-seeded sedge | Native, CoC: 10, Vulnerable, S4, G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: 18 counties iNat: 6 counties | USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex bullata Schkuhr ex Willd.1805. Carex bullata Schkuhr ex Willd. 1824. Carex cylindrica Schwein. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 1:71 1858. Carex greenii Boeckeler in Flora 41:649 1860. Carex physema Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 29:347 1906. Carex bullata var. greenii (Boeckeler) Fernald in Rhodora 8:202 | Button sedge | Native, CoC: 9, Endangered, DEC-A, S1, G5, NYNHP: S1 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 8 | | NYFA: 6 counties iNat: Suffolk County | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany ITIS FNAFNA Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (b) Threatened. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program (2024). Online Conservation Guide for Carex schweinitzii. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program (2024). Online Conservation Guide for Carex bullata. ||||||

#### Subg. Carex > Hirta Clade >> sect. Lupulinae

* Carex grayiVI.H.1. Hirta Clade includes all 6 species of traditional sect. Lupulinae worldwide.
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Lupulinae contains about 6 species worldwide, all of which are found in North America North of Mexico, and 4 which are listed in New York State. The sedges of sect. Lupulinae have the largest perigynia of all Carex species.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ A.A. Reznicek (2020). Carex sect. Lupulinae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Lupulinae :
| Genus Carex sect. Lupulinae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex lupulina Muhl. ex Willd.1805. Carex lupulina Muhl. ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4:266 1866. Carex bella-villa Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 41:229 1866. Carex canadensis Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 41:229 1886. Carex lurida L.H.Bailey in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22:63 1900. Carex gigantea var. lupulina (Muhl. ex Willd.) Farw. in Rep. Parks Detroit 1921. Carex gigantea f. bella-villa (Dewey) Farw. in Rhodora 23:87 | Hop sedge Common hop sedgeCarex houblon | Native, CoC: 7, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 55 counties iNat: 32 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex intumescens Rudge1803. Carex folliculata Wahlenb. in Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 24:152, nom. illeg. 1804. Carex intumescens Rudge in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 7:97 1813. Carex folliculata var. major Pursh in Fl. Amer. Sept. 1:42 1893. Carex intumescens var. fernaldii L.H.Bailey in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 20:418 1942. Carex intumescens f. ventriosa Fernald in Rhodora 44:321 | Bladder sedge Greater Bladder sedge Shining bur sedge Swollen sedgeCarex gonflé | Native, CoC: 7, Secure, S5, G5 FACW Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 54 counties iNat: 54 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex grayi J.Carey1835. Carex intumescens var. globularis A.Gray in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3: 236 1847. Carex grayi J.Carey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 4:22 1889. Carex grayi var. hispidula A.Gray ex L.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 1:54 1893. Carex asa-grayi L.H.Bailey in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 20:427 1893. Carex asa-grayi var. hispidula (A.Gray ex L.H.Bailey) L.H.Bailey 1921. Carex grayi var. rariflora Farw. in Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 22:181 | Gray's sedge ⓘ Asa Gray's sedge ⓘ Bur sedge ⓘ Common bur sedge ⓘ Gray's bur sedge ⓘ Morning star sedge ⓘ Carex de Gray ⓘ | Native, CoC: 7, Secure, S5 FACW Perennial, Herb-graminoid, Part shade | NYFA: 35 counties iNat: 30 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany VASCAN LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Carex lupuliformis Sartwell ex Dewey1850. Carex lupuliformis Sartwell ex Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 9:29 | False hop sedge ⓘ Hop-like sedge ⓘ Knobbed hop sedge ⓘ Knotted hop sedge ⓘ Carex faux-lupulina ⓘ | Native, CoC: 9, Threatened, DEC-B, NYNHP-2, S2, G4 FACW-OBL Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 19 counties iNat: 3 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany VASCAN FNA LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (b) Threatened. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex lupuliformis. Threatened, S2/G4. ||||||

#### Subg. Carex > Hirta Clade >> sect. Squarrosae

* VI.H.1. Hirta Clade includes 2 species (Carex frankii and C. aureolensis) from the 4 species of traditional section Squarrosae globally.
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Squarrosae contains about 4 species worldwide, 4 of which are found in North America North of Mexico. Three of these, C. frankii, C. squarrosa, and C. typhina, are native to New York, while C. aureolensis is a southern US native.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Bruce A. Ford, A. A. Reznicek (2020). Carex sect. Squarrosae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex — clade Hirta :
| Genus Carex fna-sect. Squarrosae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex frankii Kunth1836. Carex stenolepis Torrey 1837. Carex frankii Kunth 1855. Carex shortii Steud. | Frank's sedge | Native, Endangered, DEC-A, NYNHP-1 Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: 1 iNat: 5 counties | USDA-NN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex frankii. Endangered, S1/G5. ||||||

#### Subg. Carex > Hirta Clade >> intersectional hybrids

* VI.H.1. Hirta Clade intersectional hybrids.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex — clade Hirta :
| Genus Carex sect. Paludosae × Carex | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex lacustris × trichocarpa  Carex lacustris (Paludosae) ×   Carex trichocarpa (Carex) | Hybrid of  Lake-bank sedge &  Hairy-fruited sedge | Native, Hybrid, SNA, GNA | | NYFA: Yates County | Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Carex sect. Lupulinae × Vesicariae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex lupulina × lurida  Carex lupulina (Lupulinae) ×   Carex lurida (Vesicariae) | Hybrid of  Hop sedge &  Sallow sedge | Native, Hybrid, SNA, GNA | | NYFA: Wayne (1916) | Images Wikispecies |
| Carex lupulina × retrorsa  Carex lupulina (Lupulinae) ×   Carex retrorsa (Vesicariae) | Hybrid of  Hop sedge &  Backward-fruited sedge | Native, Hybrid, SNA, GNA | | NYFA: Tompkiins (1884, 1938) | Images Wikispecies |

### Subg. Carex > sect. Longirostres

* Carex sprengeliiVI.I.1. Carex sect. Longirostres (Kük.) Mack., N. Amer. Fl. 18: 297. 1935.
* Contains only 3 of the 65 species of traditional sect. Hymenochlaenae globally (C. arnellii, C. hondoensis, C. sprengelii).
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Hymenochlaenae contains about 50-60 (65) species worldwide, 20 of which (including C. sprengelii) are found in North America North of Mexico.
* Of the 3 Carex sect. Longirostres species, only Carex sprengelii is listed in New York State.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Marcia J. Waterway (2020). Carex sect. Hymenochlaenae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Longirostres :
| Genus Carex fna-sect. Hymenochlaenae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex sprengelii Dewey ex Spreng.1824. Carex longirostris Torr. ex Schwein. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. N.Y. 1:71, nom. illeg. 1826. Carex sprengelii Dewey ex Spreng. in Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 3:837 1864. Carex longirostris var. minor Boott in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 15:78 1877. Carex longirostris var. microcystis Boeckeler in Linnaea 41:241 | Long-beaked sedge Longbeak sedge Sprengel’s sedgeCarex de Sprengel | Native, CoC: 8, Secure, S5, G5? FAC-FACU Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 8, 2n = 42 | | NYFA: 34 counties iNat: 13 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |

### Subg. Carex > sect. Racemosae

* Carex buxbaumiiVI.I.2. Carex sect. Racemosae G.Don, in J.C.Loudon, Hort. Brit. 376. 1830.
* Contains 69 of the 73 species of traditional Carex sect. Racemosae, including the two New York species and a few non-native species from other sections in subg. Carex.
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Racemosae contains about 60 (73) species worldwide, 29 of which are found in North America North of Mexico, but only two (threatened & endangered) species are present in New York.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ David F. Murray (2020). Carex sect. Racemosae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae —   — Carex subg. Carex sect. Racemosae :
| Genus Carex sect. Racemosae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex buxbaumii Wahlenb.1801. Carex polygama Schkuhr in Beschr. Riedgräs. 1:84, nom. illeg. 1801. Carex subulata Schumach. in Enum. Pl. 1: 270, nom. illeg. 1803. Carex buxbaumii Wahlenb. in Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 24:163 1840. Physiglochis buxbaumii (Wahlenb.) Raf. in Good Book: 27 1867. Carex oligandra F.Muell. ex Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 4:136 1868. Carex pseudobuxbaumii M.Winkl. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 18:72 1909. Carex holmiana Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36:481 | Buxbaum's sedge ⓘ Brown bog sedge ⓘ Club sedge ⓘ Brown sedge ⓘ Dark-scale sedge ⓘ Carex de Buxbaum Laiche de Buxbaum | Native, Threatened, DEC-B, NYNHP-2 Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = ~106 | NYFA: 19 counties iNat: 5 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex atratiformis Britton1804. Carex ovata Rudge in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 7:96, nom. illeg. 1895. Carex atratiformis Britton in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22:222 1909. Carex atrata ssp. atratiformis (Britton) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr. 1952. Carex raymondii Calder in Rhodora 54: 246 1966. Carex atratiformis ssp. raymondii (Calder) A.E.Porsild in Bull. Natl. Mus. Canada | Scabrous black sedge ⓘ Scrabrous black sedge ⓘ Black Sedge ⓘ Raymond's Sedge ⓘ Carex atratiforme ⓘ | Native, Endangered, DEC-A | NYFA: Essex (1981) iNat: No NY observations GBIF: no NY reports | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (b) Threatened. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex buxbaumii. Threatened , S2, G5. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ||||||

### Subg. Carex > sect. Stylosae

* Carex haydeniiVI.J. Carex sect. Stylosae (T.V.Egorova) S.Gebauer & M.H.Hoffm., Syst. Bot. 40: 444. 2015.
* Globally, contains sedges from traditional sections Stylosae (3/3) and Phacocystis (4/145).
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Phacocystis contains about 110 (145) species worldwide, 31 of which are found in North America North of Mexico. About 12 of these taxa have been reported in New York State, but of these 12, only Carex haydenii was transferred to sect. Stylosae.
* iNaturalist lists this section as Section Stylosae (Carex Sect. Stylosae).
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Standley, Jacques Cayouette, Leo Bruederle (2020). Carex sect. Phacocystis in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Stylosae :
| Genus Carex fna-sect. Phacocystis | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex haydenii Dewey1854. Carex haydenii Dewey 1888. Carex stricta var. decora L.H.Bailey in Bot. Gaz. 13:85 1909. Carex stricta var. haydenii (Dewey) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler, Pflanzenr. 1955. Carex rousseaui Raymond in Naturaliste Canad. 82:31 | Hayden's sedge ⓘ Cloud sedge ⓘ Long-scaled tussock sedge ⓘ Carex de Hayden ⓘ | Native, Endangered, DEC-A, S2, G5, NYNHP: S2 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 54 | | NYFA: 12 counties iNat: 3 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany VASCAN FNAFNA Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex haydenii. ||||||

### Subg. Carex > sect. Phacocystis

* VI.K. Carex sect. Phacocystis Dumort., Fl. Belg. 146. 1827.
* Includes 102 of the 145 species of traditional section Phacocystis globally. An exception was Carex haydenii, which was placed in sect. Stylosae above.
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Phacocystis contains about 110 (145) species worldwide, 31 of which are found in North America North of Mexico.
* About 12 of these taxa have been reported in New York State.
* Sect. Phacocystis is one of the most diverse and taxonomically complex groups of sedges.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Lisa A. Standley, Jacques Cayouette, Leo Bruederle (2020). Carex sect. Phacocystis in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
* ↑ A.S.Weakley & Southeastern Flora Team (2024). Key to section Phacocystis, Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, U.S.A.
* ↑ Benítez-Benítez et al. (2021), Geographical vs. ecological diversification in Carex section Phacocystis (Cyperaceae): Patterns hidden behind a twisted taxonomy. J. Syst. Evol, 59: 642-667.

#### Subg. Carex > sect. Phacocystis >> C. crinita clade

* Carex crinitaThe Carex crinita clade contains four species endemic to eastern North America: Carex torta, Carex crinita, Carex mitchelliana, and Carex gynandra.
* A common character of the sedges in this clade is that the lowest spike is pendent (as opposed to erect or ascending).
* ↑ Benítez-Benítez et al. (2021), Geographical vs. ecological diversification in Carex section Phacocystis (Cyperaceae): Patterns hidden behind a twisted taxonomy. J. Syst. Evol, 59: 642-667.
* ↑ A.S.Weakley & Southeastern Flora Team (2024). Key to section Phacocystis, Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, U.S.A.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Phacocystis :
| Genus Carex sect. Phacocystis clade C. crinita | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex crinita Lam. var. crinita1792. Carex crinita Lam. in Encycl. 3:393 1803. Carex leonura Wahlenb. in Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 24:161 1840. Diemisa crinita (Lam.) Raf. in Good Book: 27 1840. Neskiza crinita (Lam.) Raf. in Good Book: 27 1858 Carex crinita var. minor Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 1:18 1858 Carex crinita f. minor Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 1:18 1871 Carex crinita var. angusta Olney in Exsicc. (Olney) 3:10 | Long-fringed sedge Fringed sedgeCarex crépu | Native, CoC: 3, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 66, 68 | NYFA: 52 counties iNat: 18 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex crinita Lam. var. brevicrinis1946. Carex crinita var. brevicrinis Fernald Rhodora 48: 54 | Short-fringed Sedge Short-hair sedge Fringed sedge | Native, CoC: 7, No recent reports, SNR OBL Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 66 | NYFA: Suff, West iNat: Suffolk (2021) GBIF: Suffolk (2021) | USDA-N0 POWO FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex gynandra Schwein.1824. Carex gynandra Schwein. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 1:70 1826. Carex crinita var. gynandra (Schwein.) Schwein. & Torr. in Ann. Lyceum 1871. Carex gynandra var. caroliniana Olney in Exsicc. (Olney) 3:8 1902. Carex crinita var. simulans Fernald in Rhodora 4:219 1947. Carex gynandra var. simulans (Fernald) Roll.-Germ. in Proc. & Trans. | Nodding sedge Mountain fringed sedge | Native, Secure Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 66, 68 | NYFA: 47 counties | USDA-NN FSUS Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Carex torta Boott ex Tuck.1826. Carex acuta var. sparsiflora Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 10:265 [FNA] 1827. Carex cespitosa var. ramosa Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 12:297 1843. Carex torta Boott ex Tuck. in Enum. Meth. Caric.: 11 1893. Carex torta var. staminata Peck Rep. Regents Univ. NY Mus. 46:131 | Twisted sedge Stream-bed sedge Streambed sedge Beaked riverbank sedgeCarex tordu | Native, CoC: 8, Secure, S5, G5 OBL-FACW Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 6, 2n = 66 | NYFA: 34 counties iNat: 23 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex mitchelliana M.A.Curtis1843. Carex mitchelliana M.A.Curtis in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 44:84 1952. Carex crinita var. mitchelliana (M.A.Curtis) Gleason in Phytologia 4:23 | Mitchell's sedge | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, DEC-A, S1-S2 G3-G4, NYNHP: S1S2 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 6, 2n = 66 | NYFA: 4 counties iNat: no RG observations GBIF: Long Island | USDA-N0 FSUS Go Botany VASCAN-0 FNAFNA IPN Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex mitchelliana. ||||||

#### Subg. Carex > sect. Phacocystis >> C. aquatilis clade

* Carex aquatilisThe Carex aquatilis clade includes Carex aquatilis and Carex lenticularis (in its Panamerican Circumboreal subclade) and Carex emoryi (in its Western North American subclade).
* ↑ Benítez-Benítez et al. (2021), Geographical vs. ecological diversification in Carex section Phacocystis (Cyperaceae): Patterns hidden behind a twisted taxonomy. J. Syst. Evol, 59: 642-667.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Phacocystis :
| Genus Carex sect. Phacocystis clade C. aquatilis | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex aquatilis Wahlenb.1830. Vignea aquatilis (Wahlenb.) Rchb. in J.C.Mössler, Handb. Gewächsk., ed. 2 1840. Neskiza aquatilis (Wahlenb.) Raf. in Good Book:27 1870. Carex aquatilis var. genuina Syme in J.E.Smith, Engl. Bot., ed. 3 1909. Carex aquatilis Wahlenb. substricta Kük. in H.G.A.Engler, Pflanzenr. 1917. Carex substricta (Kük.) Mack. in P.A.Rydberg, Fl. Rocky Mts.:139 | Water sedge Leafy tussock sedgeCarex aquatique | Native, CoC: 9, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 32 counties iNat: Nassau county GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex lenticularis Michx1803. Carex lenticularis Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:172 1861. Carex lenticularis var. albimontana Dewey in A.Wood, Class-book Bot.:755 1861. Carex lenticularis var. blakei Dewey in A.Wood, Class-book Bot.:755 1894. Carex lenticularis var. merens Howe in Rep. Regents Univ. NYS Mus. 47:149 | Lakeshore sedge Lake shore sedge Shore sedge Lenticular sedge Lens-fruited sedge Lens sedge Lenticular-achene sedge Tufted sedgeCarex lenticulaire | Native, CoC: 7, Vulnerable, SNR, G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 7 counties iNat: St. Lawrence GBIF: 2 counties | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex emoryi Dewey ex Torr.1859. Carex emoryi Dewey in W.H.Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2(1):230 1876. Carex virginiana var. elongata Boeckeler in Linnaea 40: 432 1886. Carex stricta var. emoryi L.H.Bailey in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 1889. Carex variabilis var. elatior L.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 1:19 1900. Carex variabilis var. altior Rydb. in Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1:76 1904. Carex millegrana T.Holm in Amer. J. Sci., ser. 4, 17:311 1942. Carex aquatilis var. altior (Rydb.) Fernald in Rhodora 44:295 1952. Carex stricta var. elongata (Boeckeler) Gleason in Phytologia 4:22 1962. Carex aquatilis ssp. altior (Rydb.) Hultén in Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. | Emory's sedge Riverbank sedge Riverbank tussock sedgeCarex d'Emory | Native, Endangered, DEC-A, NYNHP: S2 Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 72 | NYFA: 4 counties iNat: Erie County GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNAFNA IPN Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex emoryi. Carex emoryi may have been overlooked and more common than this status implies. ||||||

#### Subg. Carex > sect. Phacocystis >> C. bigelowii clade

* Carex strictaThe Carex bigelowii clade contains Carex stricta, Carex bigelowii, and Carex scopulorum. Of these, Carex scopulorum is restricted to western North America, though it is considered to be closely related to Carex bigelowii. and Carex bigelowii is a circumpolar, arctic-alpine species that, in New York, is restricted to the high peaks of the Adirondacks.
* ↑ Benítez-Benítez et al. (2021), Geographical vs. ecological diversification in Carex section Phacocystis (Cyperaceae): Patterns hidden behind a twisted taxonomy. J. Syst. Evol, 59: 642-667.
* ↑ Lisa A. Standley, Jacques Cayouette, Leo Bruederle (2020). Carex scopulorum in Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico. 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Volume 23.
* ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program (2024). Online Conservation Guide for Carex bigelowii.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Phacocystis :
| Genus Carex sect. Phacocystis clade C. bigelowii | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex stricta Lam.1792. Carex stricta Lam. in Encycl. 3:387 1814. Carex littoralis Krock. in Fl. Siles. 3:163 1830. Vignea stricta (Lam.) Rchb. in J.C.Mössler, Handb. Gewächsk., ed. 2. 3:1624 1840. Diemisa stricta (Lam.) Raf. in Good Book:27 1845. Carex strictior Dewey ex Alph.Wood in Class-book Bot.:755 1866. Vignantha stricta (Lam.) Schur in Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 707 | Tussock sedge Upright sedge Common tussock sedge Hummock sedge Stiff sedgeCarex raide | Native, CoC: 4, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 6, 2n = 66, 68 | NYFA: 51 counties iNat: 27 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex bigelowii Torr. ex Schwein. ssp. bigelowii1824. Carex bigelowii Torr. ex Schwein. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 1:67 1836. Carex saxatilis var. bigelowii (Torr. ex Schwein.) Torr. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. NY 1840. Olotrema washingtoniana (Dewey) Raf. in Good Book: 25 1840. Neskiza saxatilis Raf. in Good Book: 27 1843. Carex rigida var. bigelowii (Torr. ex Schwein.) Tuck. in Enum. Meth. Caric.:19 1880. Carex drejeriana Lange in G.C.Oeder & al. (eds.), Fl. Dan.: t. 2975 1919. Carex hartzii Gand. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66:296 (1920) 1935. Carex kamtschatica (Gorodkov) V.I.Krecz. in V.L.Komarov (ed.), Fl. URSS 3:226 | Bigelow's sedgeCarex de Bigelow | Native, CoC: 10, Threatened, DEC-B, S2, G5, NYNHP: S2 FACW Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: Clinton, Essex iNat: Essex GBIF: Clinton, Essex | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (b) Threatened. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program (2024). Online Conservation Guide for Carex bigelowii. ||||||

#### Subg. Carex > sect. Phacocystis >> Western Palearctic clade

* Carex nigraThe Western Palearctic clade contains ten species primarily distributed in Europe and western Asia, including Carex nigra, which has been conjectured as being introduced in eastern North America.
* ↑ Benítez-Benítez et al. (2021), Geographical vs. ecological diversification in Carex section Phacocystis (Cyperaceae): Patterns hidden behind a twisted taxonomy. J. Syst. Evol, 59: 642-667.
* ↑ Egorova TV. 1999. The sedges (Carex L.) of Russia and adjacent states. St Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Phacocystis :
| Genus Carex sect. Phacocystis clade Western Palearctic | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex nigra (L.) Reichard1753. Carex acuta var. nigra L. in Sp. Pl.: 978 1778. Carex nigra (L.) Reichard in Fl. Moeno-Francof. 2:96 1780. Carex acuta ssp. nigra (L.) Ehrh. in Hannover. Mag. 18:233 1794. Carex cespitosa Gooden. 1845. Carex vulgaris Fr. Novit. Fl. Suec. Mant. 3:153 | Smooth black sedge Black sedge Common sedgeCarex noir | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, DEC-A, NYNHP-1, S1, G5 FACW Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 83, 84, 85 | | NYFA: Clinton, Dutchess iNat: No NY observations GBIF: no NY records | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNAFNA Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex nigra. Endangered, S1/G5. ||||||

### Subg. Carex > Barrattii Clade

* Carex barrattiiVI.L.IS3. Barrattii Clade contains only Carex barrattii, which has traditionally been included in sect. Limosae (1/6) with similar-looking sedges. Carex barrattii has androgynous lateral spikes, as opposed to the pistillate lateral spikes of the other sedges of sect. Limosae.
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Limosae contains about 6 species worldwide, all of which are found in North America North of Mexico.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Peter W. Ball (2020). Carex sect. Limosae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Limosae :
| Genus Carex sect. Limosae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex barrattii Torr. ex Schwein.1824. Carex littoralis Schwein. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 1:70, nom. illeg. 1826. Carex barrattii Torr. ex Schwein. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 1:361 1840. Olamblis barrattii (Torr. ex Schwein.) Raf. in Good Book: 26 1850. Carex variegata Scheele in Linnaea 23:565 1858. Carex jacca J.Carey ex Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 1:69 | Barratt's sedge | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, DEC-A, S1, G4, NYNHP: S1 OBL Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: 4 counties iNat: Nassau, Suffolk GBIF: present in NY | USDA-N0 POWO FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex barrattii. ||||||

### Subg. Carex > sect. Limosae

* Carex limosaVI.L.1. Carex sect. Limosae (Heuffel) Meinsh., Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 18: 283. 1901.
* Includes 4 of the 6 Carex traditional sect. Limosae species worldwide (C. limosa, C. magellanica, C. pluriflora, C. rariflora).
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Limosae contains about 6 species worldwide, all of which are found in North America North of Mexico.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Peter W. Ball (2020). Carex sect. Limosae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Limosae :
| Genus Carex sect. Limosae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex limosa L.1753. Carex limosa L. in Sp. Pl.: 977 1787. Carex elegans Willd. in Fl. Berol. Prodr.:34 1821. Trasus limosus (L.) Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2:67 (1822) 1834. Carex laxa Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 26:376, nom. illeg. 1840. Facolos limosa (L.) Raf. in Good Book:26 1889. Carex glaucocarpa St.-Lag. in A.Cariot, Étude Fl., éd. 8, 2:856 1909. Carex limosa var. fuscocuprea Kük. in H.G.A.Engler, Pflanzenr. 1935. Carex fuscocuprea (Kük.) V.I.Krecz. in V.L.Komarov, Fl. URSS 3:599 | Mud sedge Bog sedge Muck sedge Shore sedgeCarex des bourbiers Laîche des bourbiers Laîche des tourbières | Native, CoC: 9, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 29 counties iNat: 7 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex magellanica Lam. ssp. irrigua (Wahlenb.) Hiitonen1803. Carex paupercula Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 172 1803. Carex limosa ssp. irrigua Wahlenb. in Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 24:162 1812. Carex limosa var. irrigata Wahlenb. in Fl. Lapp.: 243 1820. Carex limosa var. irrigua (Wahlenb.) Hartm. in Handb. Skand. Fl.:37 1826. Carex irrigua (Wahlenb.) Sm. ex Hoppe in Caricolog. Germ.: t. 72 1888. Carex magellanica var. irrigua (Wahlenb.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. in Prelim. Cat. 1901. Carex gentiliana H.Lév. in Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot., sér. 3, 10: 221 1906. Carex paupercula var. irrigua (Wahlenb.) Fernald in Rhodora 8:76 1933. Carex magellanica ssp. irrigua (Wahlenb.) Hiitonen in Suom. Kasvio (Otava):161 1961. Carex paupercula ssp. irrigua (Wahlenb.) Á.Löve & D.Löve in Bot. Not. 114: 50 | Boreal bog sedge Bog sedge Poor bog sedge Tall bog sedge Quaking bog sedge Poor sedge Stunted sedgeCarex chétif Laîche inondée | Native, CoC: 10, Likely secure, S4, G5-T5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = ~60 | NYFA: 20 counties iNat: 3 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ Flora of North America, Vol. 23: 26u. Carex sect. Limosae ||||||

### Subg. Carex > sect. Squarrosae

* Carex squarrosaVI.L.3. Carex sect. Squarrosae J.Carey, Carices North. U.S., 564. 1847.
* Includes parts of traditional sections Squarrosae (2/4) and Shortianae (1/1). The Global Carex Group (2021) placed C. shortiana, C. squarrosa and C. typhina in subg. Carex, sect. Squarrosae (VI.L.3). It placed the other two species, C. aureolensis and C. frankii in clade Hirta (VI.H.1).
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Squarrosae contains about 4 species worldwide, 4 of which are found in North America North of Mexico. Three of these, C. frankii, C. squarrosa, and C. typhina, are native to New York, while C. aureolensis is a southern US native.
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Shortianae contains the single species C. shortiana found in North America North of Mexico and Endangered in New York.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Bruce A. Ford, A. A. Reznicek (2020). Carex sect. Squarrosae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
* ↑ A.S.Weakley & Southeastern Flora Team (2024). Key to section Squarrosae, Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, U.S.A.
* ↑ Theodore S. Cochrane (2020). Carex sect. Shortianae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Squarrosae :
| Genus Carex fna-sect. Squarrosae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex squarrosa L.1753. Carex squarrosa L. in Sp. Pl.: 973 1824. Carex typhinoides Schwein. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 1:66 1826. Carex squarrosa var. typhinoides (Schwein.) Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 11:316 1830. Vignea squarrosa (L.) Rchb. in J.C.Mössler, Handb. Gewächsk., ed. 2. 3:1606 1896. Carex squarrosa f. robusta Peck in Rep. Regents Univ. NYS Mus. 48: 198 | Squarrose sedge Narrow-leaved cattail sedge Spreading-beaked sedgeCarex squarreux | Native, CoC: 3, Secure, S5, G4-G5 OBL-FACW Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: 23 counties iNat: 8 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNAFNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Carex typhina Michx.1803. Carex typhina Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:169 1818. Carex squarrosa var. typhina (Michx.) Nutt. in Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2:204 | Cattail sedge Cat-tail sedge Common cattail sedgeCarex massette | Native, CoC: 9, Endangered, DEC-A, S2, G5, NYNHP: S2 OBL-FACW Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: 15 counties iNat: 8 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Carex fna-sect. Shortianae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex shortiana Dewey1836. Carex shortiana Dewey & Torr. in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 30:60 1836. Carex shortii Torr. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3:407 1840. Carex ohiotica Hochst. & Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1:293 1860. Carex aporandra Kunze ex Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 2:92 | Short's sedgeCarex de Short | Native, CoC: 5, Endangered, S1, G5, NYNHP: S1 FACW-FAC Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 6 | | NYFA: 4 counties iNat: Kings County GBIF: on Long Island | USDA-NN POWO FSUS FNA Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program (2024). Online Conservation Guide for Carex typhina. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program (2024). Online Conservation Guide for Carex shortiana. ||||||

### Subg. Carex > Prasina Clade

* Carex prasinaVI.L.5. Prasina Clade contains a single species Carex prasina from traditional (FNA) Carex section Hymenochlaenae.
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Hymenochlaenae contains about 50-60 (66) species worldwide, 20 of which are found in North America North of Mexico.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Marcia J. Waterway (2020). Carex sect. Hymenochlaenae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex — clade Prasina :
| Genus Carex fna-sect. Hymenochlaenae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex prasina Wahlenb.1803. Carex prasina Wahlenb. in Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 24:161 1805. Carex miliacea Muhl. ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 290, nom. illeg. 1840. Olamblis miliacea Raf. in Good Book: 26 1855. Carex subcompressa Steud. in Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 221 | Drooping sedge Elegant drooping sedge Droop sedge Leek-green sedgeCarex vert poireau | Native, CoC: 8, Secure, S5, G4 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 60 | | NYFA: 49 counties iNat: 11 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |

### Subg. Carex > Incertae Sedis >> sect. Anomalae

* Carex scabrataVI.M.IS1. Incertae Sedis contains 4 species clearly in the Molliculae-Castanea Clade but with uncertain placement therein. This includes 2 of the 16 species of traditional sect. Anomalae and 2 of the 15 sect. Molliculae species globally.
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Anomalae contains about 20 species worldwide, 2 of which are found in North America North of Mexico. Carex amplifolia is native to western North America and Carex scabrata is native to the east, including New York State.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Theodore S. Cochrane (2020). Carex sect. Anomalae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Anomalae :
| Genus Carex sect. Anomalae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex scabrata Schwein. | Rough sedge | Native, Secure Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |

### Subg. Carex > sect. Paludosae

* Carex acutiformisVI.M.2. Carex sect. Paludosae G.Don in J. C. Loudon, Hort. Brit. 377. 1830.
* This section worldwide contains about 23 species from traditional sects. Confertiflorae (15/19), Anomalae (4/16), Ischnostachyae (2/2), Carex (1/18), and Paludosae (1/32). The single species from traditional sect. Paludosae (Carex acutiformis) is also is type species, so the resulting section inherits the name Paludosae.
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Paludosae contains about 35 (32) species worldwide, 14 of which are found in North America North of Mexico.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ A. A. Reznicek, Paul M. Catling (2020). Carex sect. Paludosae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
* ↑ A.S.Weakley & Southeastern Flora Team (2024). Key to section Paludosae, Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, U.S.A.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Paludosae :
| Genus Carex fna-sect. Paludosae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex acutiformis Ehrh.1789. Carex acutiformis Ehrh. in Beitr. Naturk. Verw. Wiss. 4:43 1923. Carex riparia var. acutiformis (Ehrh.) Fiori in Nuov. Fl. Italia 1:201 | Lesser pond sedge | Introduced, Unknown naturalization, SNA, GNR OBL Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: Suffolk (1958) iNat: No NY observations | USDA-XX Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |

### Subg. Carex > Vestita Clade

* Carex vestitaVI.M.3. Vestita Clade contains the 2 species C. vestita from traditional sect. Paludosae (1/32) and C. globularis from traditional sect. Acrocystis (1/51).
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Paludosae contains about 35 (32) species worldwide, 14 of which are found in North America North of Mexico.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ A. A. Reznicek, Paul M. Catling (2020). Carex sect. Paludosae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex — clade Vestita :
| Genus Carex sect. Paludosae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex vestita Willd.1805. Carex vestita Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4:268 1840. Loxotrema vestita (Willd.) Raf. in Good Book: 25 1900. Carex vestita var. kennedyi Fernald in Rhodora 2:170 | Velvet sedge Velvety sedge Clothed sedge | Native, CoC: 8, Likely secure, S4, G5 Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: 9 counties iNat: Richmond, Saratoga, Suffolk | USDA-N0 POWO FSUS Go Botany Images Wikispecies |

### Subg. Carex > sect. Scirpinae

* Carex scirpoidea ssp. pseudoscirpoideaVI.M.4. Carex sect. Scirpinae (Tuck.) Kük., in H.G.A.Engler, Pflanzenr. 20[IV,38]: 81. 1909.
* Contains all 3 species of traditional sect. Scirpinae worldwide.
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Scirpinae contains about 3 species worldwide, 3 of which are found in North America North of Mexico. Of these, only the endangered Carex scirpoidea ssp. scirpoidea is native to New York.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Debra A. Dunlop (2020). Carex sect. Scirpinae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Scirpinae :
| Genus Carex sect. Scirpinae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex scirpoidea Michx. ssp. scirpoidea1803. Carex scirpoidea Michx.in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 171 1816. Carex wormskioldiana Hornem. in G.C.Oeder & al. (eds.), Fl. Dan.: t. 1528 1824. Carex michauxii Schwein. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 1:64 1840. Physiglochis wormskioldii Raf. in Good Book: 27 1841. Carex wormskioldii (Raf.) Drejer in Naturhist. Tidsskr. 3:440 1867. Carex scirpina Tuck. ex Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 4:150 1893. Carex scirpoides Sartwell in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 20:426, nom. illeg. 1908. Carex scirpiformis Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35: 270 1924. Carex athabascensis F.J.Herm. in Leafl. W. Bot. 8:111 1941. Carex scirpoidea var. scirpiformis (Mack.) O'Neill & Duman in Rhodora 43:417 1948. Carex scirpoidea var. typica B.Boivin in Naturaliste Canad., not validly publ. | Canadian single-spike sedge Canada single-spike sedge Northern single-spike sedge Single-spike sedge Scirpus-like sedge Rush-like sedge Scirpus sedge Bulrush SedgeCarex faux-scirpe | Native, Endangered, DEC-A, NYNHP-1 | | NYFA: Essex County iNat: Essex County | USDA-NN POWO VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex scirpoidea ssp. scirpoidea. May 31, 2006 ||||||

### Subg. Carex > Castanea Clade

* VI.M.6. Castanea Clade is a strongly supported clade from traditional sections Hymenochlaenae (31/66), Porocystis (11/11), Hirtifoliae (1/1), Paniceae (2/26), Fecundae (1/21), Hallerianae (2/7), Longicaules (7/7).
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix

#### Subg. Carex > Castanea Clade >> sect. Hymenochlaenae

* Carex gracillimaVI.M.6. Castanea Clade includes 31 of the 66 species globally of traditional Carex sect. Hymenochlaenae.
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Hymenochlaenae contains about 60 (66) species worldwide, 20 of which are found in North America North of Mexico.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Marcia J. Waterway (2020). Carex sect. Hymenochlaenae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.

##### Subg. Carex > Castanea Clade >> sect. Hymenochlaenae "Gracillimae"

* Carex gracillimaThis group contains sedges of the "Gracillimae" group.
* ↑ Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2024. Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, U.S.A.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex — clade Castanea :
| Genus Carex fna-sect. Hymenochlaenae "Gracillimae" group | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex gracillima Schwein.1824. Carex gracillima Schwein. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. N.Y. 1:66 1840. Loxanisa gracillima (Schwein.) Raf. in Good Book: 26}} 1889. Carex gracillima f. humilis L.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 1889. Carex gracillima var. humilis (L.H.Bailey) L.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 1913. Carex gracillima var. macerrima Fernald & Wiegand in Rhodora 15:133 | Graceful sedge Purple-sheathed graceful sedgeCarex filiforme | Native, CoC: 3, Secure, S5, G5 FACU Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 4, 2n = 50, 52, 54 | NYFA: 55 counties iNat: 19 counties | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Carex aestivalis M.A.Curtis ex A.Gray1842. Carex aestivalis M.A.Curtis ex A.Gray in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 42:28 1849. Carex darlingtonii Schwein. ex M.A.Curtis in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 7:410 1858. Carex tabularia M.A.Curtis ex Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 1:54 1871. Carex virescens var. aestivalis (M.A.Curtis ex A.Gray) Olney in Exsicc. | Summer sedge | Native, CoC: 7, Likely secure, S4, G4 Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 16 counties iNat: 4 counties | USDA-N0 POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN-0 Images Wikispecies |
| Carex × aestivaliformis Mack.  Carex aestivalis ×   Carex gracillima1910. Carex × aestivaliformis Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37:238 | False summer sedge Hybrid of:   Summer sedge   Graceful sedge | Native, Hybrid, SNA, GNA FAC Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: Albany, Nassau, Ulster | USDA-N0 POWO Images Wikispecies |
| Carex davisii Schwein. & Torr.1824. Carex aristata Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 7:277), nom. illeg. 1826. Carex davisii Schwein. & Torr. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. NY 1:326 1826. Carex torreyana Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 10:47 1840. Loxotrema davisii (Schwein. & Torr.) Raf. in Good Book:25 | Davis' sedge | Native, Threatened, DEC-B, NYNHP: S2 Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 2 | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Carex formosa | Handsome sedge | Native, Threatened, DEC-B, NYNHP: S2 Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 2 | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| 1 2 New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (b) Threatened. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex davisii. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex formosa. ||||||

##### Subg. Carex > Castanea Clade >> sect. Hymenochlaenae "Arctatae"

* Carex arctataThis group contains sedges of the "Sylvaticae" group, but it excludes the non-native Carex sylvatica itself, which is here included in VI.Q.3. Carex sect. Sylvaticae below.
* ↑ Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2024. Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, U.S.A.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex — clade Castanea :
| Genus Carex fna-sect. Hymenochlaenae "Sylvaticae" group | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex arctata Boott1839. Carex arctata Boott in W.J.Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:227 1826. Carex sylvatica Dewey in Amer.J.Sci.Arts 10:40, nom. illeg. 1888. Carex arctata var. faxonii L.H.Bailey in Bot. Gaz. 13:87 | Drooping woodland sedge Drooping wood sedge Compressed sedge Black sedge | Native, CoC: 7, Secure, S5, G5 Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 5 | NYFA: 44 counties iNat: 4 counties | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Carex debilis Michx. var. rudgei L.H.Bailey1804. Carex tenuis Rudge in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 7:97, nom. illeg. 1805. Carex flexuosa Muhl. ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4:297}} 1889. Carex debilis var. rudgeiL.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 1:34 1889. Carex debilis var. strictior L.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 1:34 1893. Carex debilis var. interjecta L.H.Bailey in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 20:418 1896. Carex tenuis var. interjecta (L.H.Bailey) Britton in N.L.Britton & A.Brown 1896. Carex tenuis var. erectior Britton in N.L.Britton & A.Brown 1935. Carex allegheniensis Mack. in N.L.Britton & al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl. 18:291 1965. Carex debilis ssp. rudgei (L.H.Bailey) Á.Löve & D.Löve in Univ. Colorado Stud. | Rudge’s sedge White-edged sedge White-edge sedge Weak sedge Northern weak sedge Southern weak sedgeCarex de Rudge | Native, CoC: 6, Secure, S5, G5-T5 FACW-FAC Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 40 counties iNat: Chautauqua (2018) | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNAFNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Carex debilis Michx. var. debilis1803. Carex debilis Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:172 1867. Carex debilis var. pubera A.Gray in Manual, ed. 5:593 1886. Carex debilis var. prolixa L.H.Bailey in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 1942. Carex debilis var. typica Fernald in Rhodora 44:310 1942. Carex debilis var. intercursa Fernald in Rhodora 44:307 1965. Carex debilis ssp. pubera (A.Gray) Á.Löve & D.Löve | White-edged sedge Weak sedge Slender-stalked sedgeCarex débile Carex faible | Native, CoC: 8, Threatened, DEC-B, S2, G5-T5 FACW-FAC Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 4 counties iNat: 2 counties | USDA-N0 POWO Go Botany VASCAN Images Wikispecies |
| Carex castanea Wahlenb.1803. Carex castanea Wahlenb. in Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 24:155 1804. Carex flexilis Rudge in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 7:98 1835. Carex blepharophora A.Gray in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. NY 3:235 1840. Loxotrema castanea (Wahlenb.) Raf. in Good Book: 25 | Chestnut-colored sedge Chestnut sedge | Native, CoC: 7, Likely secure, S4, G5 FACW Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 44, 64 | NYFA: 15 counties | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Carex venusta | Dark-green sedge | Native, Endangered, DEC-A Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 1 | USDA-N0 Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Carex × knieskernii Dewey  Carex arctata ×   Carex castanea1846. Carex × knieskernii Dewey in J. Sci. Arts 32: 247 1935. Carex castanea var. knieskernii (Dewey) Mack. in N.L.Britton & al. | Knieskern’s sedge Hybrid of:   Drooping woodland sedge   Chestnut-colored sedge | Native, Unranked Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: Essex, Oneida iNat: No NY observations | USDA-NN POWO Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (b) Threatened. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ||||||

#### Subg. Carex > Castanea Clade >> sect. Porocystis

* Carex pallescensVI.M.6. Castanea Clade includes all 11 species of traditional section Porocystis.
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Porocystis contains 10 (11) species worldwide, 8 of which are found in North America North of Mexico, and 6 in New York.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Peter W. Ball(2020). Carex sect. Porocystis in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex — clade Castanea :
| Genus Carex fna-sect. Porocystis | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex pallescens L.1753. Carex pallescens L. in Sp. Pl.:977 1796. Carex pallida Salisb. in Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 29, nom. illeg. 1821. Trasus pallescens (L.) Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 69 (1822) 1840. Carex undulata Kunze in Suppl. Riedgräs.:23 1866. Carex leucantha Schur in Enum. Pl. Transsilv.:714 1895. Carex microstoma Franch. in Bull. Annuel Soc. Philom. Paris, sér. 8, 7:48 1896. Carex tymphaea Formánek in Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 34:279 1935. Carex chalcodeta V.I.Krecz. in V.L.Komarov (ed.), Fl. URSS 3:604 | Pale sedge Pale green sedge Pale meadow sedgeCarex pâle Laiche pâle | Native, CoC: 1, Secure, S5, G5 FACW-FAC Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 9, 2n = 70 | NYFA: 50 counties iNat: 19 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex hirsutella Mack.1803. Carex triceps Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:170, nom. illeg. 1805. Carex hirsuta Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4:252, nom. illeg. 1826. Carex viridula Schwein. & Torr. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. NY 1:320, nom. illeg. 1840. Olamblis hirsuta Raf. in Good Book: 26 1889. Carex triceps var. hirsuta (Raf.) L.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 1:35 1923. Carex hirsutella Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: 349  Non Carex complanata Torr. & Hook. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. N.Y. 3:408 (1836) 1939. Carex complanata ssp. hirsutella (Mack.) R.T.Clausen in Torreya 39:3 1952. Carex complanata var. hirsuta (Raf.) Gleason in Phytologia 4:22 | Hairy-leaved sedge Hirsute sedge Fuzzy wuzzy sedge Fuzzy sedge Hairy green sedge Smooth-fruited hirsute sedge Slightly hirsute sedge Downy sedgeCarex hirsute | Native, CoC: 2, Secure, S5, G5 FACU Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 7, 2n = 52 | NYFA: 31 counties iNat: 5 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex swanii (Fernald) Mack.1906. Carex virescens var. swanii Fernald in Rhodora 8:183 1910. Carex swanii (Fernald) Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37:246 | Swan's sedge Swan sedge Downy green sedgeCarex de Swan | Native, CoC: 7, Secure, S5, G7 FACU Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 5, 2n = 54 | NYFA: 49 counties iNat: 23 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN COL WFO POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex virescens Muhl. ex Willd.1805. Carex virescens Muhl. ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4:251 1824. Carex costata Schwein. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. NY 1:67, nom. illeg. 1825. Carex virescens var. costata Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 9:260 1840. Olamblis virescens (Muhl. ex Willd.) Raf. in Good Book:26 1930. Carex virescens var. enormis Farw. in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 12:51 | Ribbed sedge Slender green sedgeCarex virescent | Native, CoC: 8, Secure, S5, G5 Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 6, 2n = 60 | NYFA: 42 counties iNat: 12 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex bushii Mack.1860. Carex hirsuta var. cuspidata Dewey in A.Wood, Class-book Bot.:758 1910. Carex bushii Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37:241 1954 Carex caroliniana var. cuspidata (Dewey) Shinners in Field & Lab. 22:30 | Bush's sedge | Native, CoC: 2, Vulnerable, S3, G4 FAC-FACW Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 8, 2n = 64 | NYFA: 15 counties iNat: 5 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-N0 POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN-0 FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex caroliniana Schwein.1824. Carex caroliniana Schwein. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 1:67 | Carolina sedge | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, NYNHP-1, S1, G5 FAC-FACW Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 5, 2n = 48 | NYFA: Cattaraugus, Queens iNat: No NY observations GBIF: Long Island | USDA-N0 POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN-0 FNA Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex caroliniana. Accessed February 10, 2024. ||||||

#### Subg. Carex > Castanea Clade >> sect. Hirtifoliae

* Carex hirtifoliaVI.M.6. Castanea Clade includes the monotypic traditional section Hirtifoliae.
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Hirtifoliae contains a single species worldwide. It is found in North America North of Mexico, including in New York State.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Peter W. Ball (2020). Carex sect. Hirtifoliae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex — clade Castanea :
| Genus Carex fna-sect. Hirtifoliae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex hirtifolia Mack. Non Carex pubescens Poir. in Voy. Barbarie 2:254 (1789)  Non Carex pubescens Gilib. in Exerc. Phyt. 2:547 (1792), opus utique oppr. 1805. Carex pubescens Muhl. ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4:281, nom. illeg. 1840. Diemisa pubescens Raf. in Good Book: 27 1840. Edritria pubescens Raf. in Good Book: 26 1910. Carex hirtifolia Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37:244 | Pubescent sedge Hairy sedge Hairy wood sedge Hairy-leaved sedgeCarex à feuilles poilues | Native, CoC: 5, Likely secure, S4, G5 Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 4, 2n = 50 | | NYFA: 30 counties iNat: 7 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |

#### Subg. Carex > Castanea Clade >> sect. Paniceae

* Carex polymorpha in New JerseyVI.M.6. Castanea Clade includes 2 species (C. californica and C. polymorpha) of about 26 species of traditional section Paniceae.
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Paniceae contains about 14 (26) species worldwide, 10 of which are found in North America North of Mexico, and 7 of which are listed in New York. Of these, only C. polymorpha is listed in the Castanea Clade.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Paul E. Rothrock, A. A. Reznicek (2020). Carex sect. Paniceae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex — clade Castanea :
| Genus Carex fna-sect. Paniceae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex polymorpha Muhl.1817. Carex polymorpha Muhl. in Descr. Gram.:239 1826. Carex halseyana Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 11:313 1829. Carex halseyi Eaton in Man. Bot., ed. 5:157 1840. Loxotrema halseyana (Dewey) Raf. in Good Book:25 1858. Carex striata Torr. ex Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 1:22, nom. illeg. | Variable sedge | Native, CoC: 10, Extirpated, NYNHP-X, SX, G3 FACU Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 5, 2n = ? | | NYFA: Nassau (1904-27), Queens (1914-26), Suffolk (1929) iNat: No NY observations GBIF: Long Island | USDA-N POWO FSUS VASCAN-0 FNA Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex polymorpha. Accessed February 10, 2024. ||||||

#### Subg. Carex > Castanea Clade >> intersectional hybrids

* VI.M.6. Castanea Clade is a strongly supported clade from traditional sections Hymenochlaenae (31/66), Porocystis (11/11), Hirtifoliae (1/1), Paniceae (2/26), Fecundae (1/21), Hallerianae (2/7), Longicaules (7/7).
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex — clade Castanea :
| Genus Carex sect. Hymenochlaenae × Porocystis | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex gracillima × hirsutella  Carex gracillima (Hymenochlaenae) ×   Carex hirsutella (Porocystis) | Hybrid graceful and smooth-fruited hirsute sedge | Native, Hybrid Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: Putnam (1825) | Images Wikispecies |
| Carex gracillima × swanii  Carex gracillima (Hymenochlaenae) ×   Carex swanii (Porocystis) | Hybrid graceful and Swan’s sedge | Native, Hybrid Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: Nassau (19??) | Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Carex sect. Hymenochlaenae × Hirtifoliae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex × sullivantii  Carex gracillima (Hymenochlaenae) ×   Carex hirtifolia (Hirtifoliae) | Sullivant’s sedge ⓘ Hybrid graceful and pubescent sedge | Native, Hybrid Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: Rensselaer (1891), Westchester (1890) | Images Wikispecies |

### Subg. Carex > sect. Griseae

* VI.N.3. Carex sect. Griseae (L.H.Bailey) Kük., in H.G.A.Engler, Pflanzenr. 20[IV,38]: 516. 1909.
* Contains the traditional sections Granulares (6/6), Griseae (21/21), and Careyanae (8/12) because these sections were said to be phylogenetically entangled and morphologically very similar. All members of the expanded sect. Griseae share lateral spikes in which the perigynia have a face (instead of an angle) opposite to the axis of the spike, chlorenchyma with scattered pigment cells, and perigynia with many nerves (40–60 in most species).
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix

#### Subg. Carex > sect. Griseae >> sect. Granulares

* Carex granularis limestone meadow sedgeVI.N.3. Carex sect. Griseae includes all of the 6 global species of traditional sect. Granulares, which traditionally included sedges with inflated perigynia with plane or raised nerves.
* Four of the 6 species of traditional (FNA) Carex section Granulares are found in North America North of Mexico. Two of these species are listed in New York State.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Theodore S. Cochrane, Robert F. C. Naczi (2020). Carex sect. Granulares in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Griseae :
| Genus Carex fna-sect. Granulares | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex granularis1805. Carex granularis Muhl. ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4:279 1840. Deweya granularis (Muhl. ex Willd.) Raf. in Good Book:26 1855. Carex chalaros Steud. in Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2:231 1860. Carex granularis var. recta Dewey ex Alph.Wood in Class-book Bot.:763 1871. Carex haleana Olney in Car. Bor. Am.:6 1896. Carex granularis var. shriveri Britton in N.L.Britton & A.Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. 1901. Carex shriveri (Britton) Britton in Man. Fl. N. States: 208 1935. Carex rectior Mack. in N.L.Britton & al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl. 18:261 | Limestone meadow sedgeCarex granuleux | Native, CoC: 2, Secure, S5, G5-T5 FACW Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 5, 2n = 36, 38, 40, 42 | NYFA: 47 counties iNat: 21 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex crawei Dewey ex Torr.1843. Carex crawei Dewey ex Torr. in Fl. New York 2:408 1866. Carex crawei var. heterostachya Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 42:4 | Crawe's sedgeCarex de Crawe | Native, CoC: 8, Threatened, DEC-B, S2, G5, NYNHP: S2 FACW Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 9, 2n = 38, 59, 60 | NYFA: 6 counties iNat: 3 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (b) Threatened. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex crawei. ||||||

#### Subg. Carex > sect. Griseae >> sect. Careyanae

* Carex plantagineaVI.N.3. Carex sect. Griseae includes 8 of about 12 species of traditional sect. Careyanae globally. Careyanae traditionally included species with more sharply-triangular perigynia cross-sections.
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Careyanae contains about 8 (12) species worldwide, 8 of which are found in North America North of Mexico. Seven of these species (all but Carex austrocaroliniana) are listed in New York State.
* Leaves of sedges in sect. Careyanae are often over 1 cm. wide and perigynia are sharply trigonous in cross section.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Charles T. Bryson, Robert F. C. Naczi (2020). Carex sect. Careyanae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
* ↑ A.S.Weakley & Southeastern Flora Team (2024). Key to section Careyanae, Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, U.S.A.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Griseae :
| Genus Carex fna-sect. Careyanae with purplish basal sheaths | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex plantaginea Lam.1792. Carex plantaginea Lam. in Encycl. 3: 392 1794. Carex latifolia Moench in Methodus: 324, nom. illeg. 1840. Deweya plantaginea (Lam.) Raf. in Good Book: 26 1840. Anithista latifolia (Moench) Raf. in Good Book: 26 | Plantain-leaved sedge Plantainleaf sedge Seersucker sedgeCarex plantain | Native, CoC: 7, Secure, S5, G5 Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 2, 2n = 50, 52 | | NYFA: 44 counties iNat: 48 counties | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNAFNA Tropicos IPN Images Wikispecies |
| Carex careyana Torr. ex Dewey1836. Carex careyana Torr. ex Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 30: 60 1846. Carex heterostachya Torr. in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, nom. illeg. | Carey's sedge Carey's wood sedgeCarex de Carey | Native, CoC: 8, Endangered, DEC-A, S1-S2, G4-G5, NYNHP: S1-S2 Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 2, 2n = 68 (n = 34) | | NYFA: 10 counties iNat: 5 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Carex fna-sect. Careyanae with brownish basal sheaths | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex platyphylla J.Carey1847. Carex platyphylla J.Carey 1909. Carex platyphylla var. longipedunculata Kük. in H.G.A.Engler, Pflanzenr. IV | Broad-leaved sedge Broadleaf sedge Thicket sedgeCarex à larges feuilles | Native, CoC: 7, Secure Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 3, 2n = 68, 70 n=32+(3),33+(3),33+(4) | | NYFA: 38 counties iNat: 32 counties | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNAFNA Tropicos IPN Images Wikispecies |
| Carex digitalis Willd. var. digitalis1805. Carex digitalis Willd. 1840. Edritria digitalis (Willd.) Raf. | Slender woodland sedge Slender wood sedge Narrow-leaved wood sedgeCarex digital | Native, CoC: 5, Secure FACU-UPL Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: 51 counties iNat: 8 counties | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNAFNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Carex laxiculmis Schwein. var. laxiculmis1824. Carex laxiculmis Schwein. 1942. Carex absconditiformis Fernald 1942. Carex × absconditiformis Fernald 1845. Carex retrocurva Dewey | Spreading sedge Weak-stemmed wood sedgeCarex à tiges faibles | Native, CoC: 5, Secure, S5, G5, Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 44, 46 | | NYFA: 36 counties iNat: 7 counties | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNAFNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Carex laxiculmis var. copulata (L.H.Bailey) Fernald1886. Carex retrocurva var. copulata L.H.Bailey in Prelim. Syn. N. Amer. Carices 1889. Carex digitalis var. copulata (L.H.Bailey) L.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 1906. Carex laxiculmis var. copulata (L.H.Bailey) Fernald in Rhodora 1932. Carex copulata (L.H.Bailey) Mack. in P.A.Rydberg, Fl. Plains N. Amer. | Bright-green spreading sedge Coupled sedge Spreading sedgeCarex accouplé | Native, CoC: 7, Likely secure, S4, G5-T3-T5 Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: 5 counties iNat: No RG NY observations GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex abscondita Mack.1855. Carex ptychocarpa Steudel in Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 234, nom. illeg. 1910. Carex abscondita Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 244 1913. Carex magnifolia Mack. in J.K.Small, Fl. S.E. U.S., ed. 2:1325 1935. Carex abscondita var. glauca (Chapm.) Fernald in Rhodora 37:406 | Thicket sedge Concealed sedge | Native, Endangered, DEC-A, S1, G4-G5, NYNHP: 1 Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 3, n = 24 | | NYFA: 9 counties iNat: Richmond, Suffolk GBIF: present in NY | USDA-N0 POWO FNAFNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex digitalis × laxiculmis var. laxiculmis | Hybrid of  Slender woodland sedge &  Spreading sedge | Native, Hybrid, SNA, GNA Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: Westchester 1891 | FNA Images Wikispecies |
| 1 2 New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program (2024). Online Conservation Guide for Carex careyana. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex abscondita. Accessed February 10, 2024. ||||||

#### Subg. Carex > sect. Griseae >> sect. Griseae

* Carex glaucodeaVI.N.3. Carex sect. Griseae includes all of the 21 global species of traditional sect. Griseae.
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Griseae contains about 21 (21) species worldwide, 20 of which are found in North America North of Mexico. Six of these sedges are listed in New York.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Robert F. C. Naczi, Charles T. Bryson (2020). Carex sect. Griseae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Griseae :
| Genus Carex sect. Griseae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex grisea Wahlenb.1803. Carex grisea Wahlenb. in Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 24:154 1913. Manochlaenia grisea (Wahlenb.) Fedde & J.Schust. in Just's (1918) 1942. Carex amphibola var. turgida Fernald in Rhodora 44:311 1957. Carex turgida (Fernald) J.W.Moore in Rhodora 59:8 | Inflated narrow-leaved sedge Inflated narrow-leaf sedge Inflated narrowleaf sedge Eastern narrow-leaved sedge Narrow-leaved sedge Gray sedge Grey sedge Grey wood sedgeCarex gris | Native, CoC: 5, Secure, S5, G5 FAC-FACU Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 5 | NYFA: 37 counties iNat: 10 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex conoidea Willd.1805. Carex conoidea Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4:280 1824. Carex granularioides Schwein. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. NY 1:69 1826. Carex tetanica Schwein. & Torr. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. NY 1:347, nom. illeg. 1847. Carex illinoensis Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser.2, 4:245 1901. Carex katahdinensis Fernald in Rhodora 3:171 1967. Carex conoidea f. katahdinensis (Fernald) B.Boivin in Naturaliste Canad. | Open-field sedge Openfield sedge Field sedge Ancient Prairie Sedge Prairie Gray SedgeCarex conoïde | Native, CoC: 2, Secure, S5 FACW-FACU Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 9 | NYFA: 26 counites iNat: 3 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA- POWO FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex oligocarpa Willd.1805. Carex oligocarpa Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4:279 1824. Carex vleckii Schwein. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 1:69 1840. Deweya oligocarpa (Willd.) Raf. in Good Book: 25 1840. Olotrema oligocarpa (Willd.) Raf. in Good Book: 26 1843. Carex oligocarpa var. major Torr. in Fl. New York 2:406 1855. Carex subuniflora Steud. in Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2:234 1858. Carex oligocarpa var. minor Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 1:40 | Eastern few-fruited sedge Eastern few-fruit sedge Richwoods sedge Rich woods sedge Few-fruited gray sedge Few-fruited sedgeCarex à fruits clairsemés | Native, CoC: 7, Likely secure, S4, G4 Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 4 | NYFA: 17 counties iNat: 2 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN FSUS Go Botany VASCAN Images Wikispecies |
| Carex hitchcockiana Dewey1826. Carex hitchcockiana Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 10:274 1829. Carex hitchcockii Eaton in Man. Bot., ed. 5:158 1840. Loxotrema hitchcockiana (Dewey) Raf. in Good Book: 25 1877. Carex oligocarpa var. hitchcockiana (Dewey) Boeckeler in Linnaea 41:149 1896. Carex hitchcockiana var. triflora Peck in Rep. Regents Univ. State NYS Mus. | Hitchcock's sedge Hairy grey sedge Hairy wood sedgeCarex de Hitchcock | Native, CoC: 8, Rare, SNR, G5 Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 2 | NYFA: 25 counties iNat: 6 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex glaucodea Tuck. ex Olney1868. Carex glaucodea Tuck. ex Olney in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 7:395 1909. Carex flaccosperma var. glaucodea (Tuck. ex Olney) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler | Blue sedge Flaccid sedge Glaucescent sedgeCarex bleuâtre | Native, CoC: 6, Threatened, DEC-B, S2 FAC Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 11 counties iNat: 4 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN Images Wikispecies |
| Carex amphibola Steud.1824. Carex laxiflora Elliott in Sketch Bot. S.Carolina 2:549, nom. illeg. 1855. Carex amphibola Steud. in Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2:234 1873. Carex grisea var. minor Olney in E.Hall, Pl. Tex.:25 1909. Carex grisea var. amphibola (Steud.) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler | Eastern narrow-leaved sedge Narrow-leaved sedge Amphibious sedge Gray sedgeCarex amphibole | Native, CoC: 6, Endangered, DEC-A, S3, G5-T4Q FAC Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 25 counties | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (b) Threatened. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ||||||

### Subg. Carex > sect. Collinsiae

* Carex colinsiiVI.N.4. Carex sect. Collinsiae contains morphologically distinct Carex collinsii.
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Collinsiae contains a single species (Carex collinsii) found along the east coast of the United States as far north as New York State, where it is listed as Endangered.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Lisa A. Standley (2020). Carex sect. Collinsiae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Collinsiae :
| Genus Carex sect. Collinsiae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex collinsii Nutt.1803. Carex subulata Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 173, nom. illeg. 1818. Carex collinsii Nutt. in Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 205 1826. Carex michauxii Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 10: 273, nom. illeg. 1840. Olotrema collinsii (Nutt.) Raf. in Good Book: 25 | Collins' sedge | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, DEC-A, NYNHP-1, S1, G4 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 3 | | NYFA: 3 counties iNat: Suffolk County GBIF: present in NY | USDA-N0 FSUS VASCAN-0 FNA Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex collinsii. Endangered, S1, G4. Accessed 1/28/2024. ||||||

### Subg. Carex > sect. Chlorostachyae

* Carex capillarisVI.P. Carex sect. Chlorostachyae Tuck. ex Meinsh., Trudy Imp. S.-Petersburgsk. Bot. Sada 18: 283. 1901.
* Contains most (13/15) of traditional sect. Chlorostachyae. Two species were placed in VI.A.3. Indica Clade.
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Chlorostachyae contains about 8 (15) species worldwide, 3 of which are found in North America North of Mexico.
* iNaturalist places this group in Subg. Carex > Sect. Chlorostachyae.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Peter W. Ball (2020). Carex sect. Chlorostachyae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Chlorostachyae :
| Genus Carex sect. Chlorostachyae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex capillaris L. ssp. capillaris1753. Carex capillaris L. in Sp. Pl.:977 1798. Carex pendula Geners. in Elench.: 871, nom. illeg. 1811. Carex plena Clairv. in Man. Herbor. Suisse: 292, nom. superfl. 1840. Loxotrema capillaris (L.) Raf. in Good Book: 25 1964. Carex fuscidula V.I.Krecz. ex T.V.Egorova 1999. Carex tiogana D.W.Taylor & J.D.Mastrog. in Novon 9:120 | Hair-like sedge Hair sedgeCarex capillaire | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, DEC-A, NYNHP-1, S1, G5 FACW Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 54 | | NYFA: Cortland, Hamilton iNat: Hamilton (2020) GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNAFNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ Flora of North America, Vol. 23: 26gg. Carex sect. Chlorostachyae ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex capillaris. Endangered, S1/G5. ||||||

### Subg. Carex > sect. Rostrales

* Carex folliculataVI.Q.2. Carex sect. Rostrales Meinsh., Trudy Imp. S.-Petersburgsk. Bot. Sada 18: 283. 1901.
* Contains all 5 global species of traditional sect. Rostrales, which are characterized by the relatively lax, few-flowered pistillate spikes with spreading, long and slender perigynia, tapering to a beak, loosely enclosing the nutlet.
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Rostrales contains 5 species worldwide, 4 of which are found in North America North of Mexico, and 2 of which are listed in New York State.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ A.A. Reznicek(2020). Carex sect. Rostrales in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
* ↑ Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2024. Section Rostrales (Folliculatae) Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, U.S.A
* ↑ Werier et al. (2024). Carex. New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Rostrales :
| Genus Carex sect. Rostrales | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex folliculata L.1753. Carex folliculata L. in Sp. Pl.:978 1766. Carex folliculacea Crantz in Inst. Rei Herb. 1:405 1803. Carex xanthophysa Wahlenb. in Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 24:152 1817. Carex folliculata var. xanthophysa (Wahlenb.) Muhl. in Descr. Gram.: 1896. Carex folliculata var. bispicata Peck Rep. Regents Univ. NYS Mus. | Long sedge Northern long sedge Follicle SedgeCarex folliculé | Native, CoC: 7, Secure, S5, G4-G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 5, 2n = 56 | | NYFA: 30 counties iNat: 18 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN FSUS FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex michauxiana Boeckeler1803. Carex rostrata Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:173 (1803), nom. illeg. 1828. Carex xanthophysa var. minor Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 14:353 1828. Carex xanthophysa var. nana Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 14:353 1877. Carex michauxiana Boeckeler in Linnaea 41: 336 1893. Carex abacta L.H.Bailey in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 20: 427 | Michaux's sedgeCarex de Michaux | Native, CoC: 10, Likely secure, S4, G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 9 | | NYFA: 11 counties iNat: 4 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN FSUS FNA Images Wikispecies |

### Subg. Carex > sect. Spirostachyae

* Carex extensaVI.Q.4. Carex sect. Spirostachyae Drej. ex L.H.Bailey, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci. 22: 109. 1887.
* Contains all 47 global species of traditional sect. Spirostachyae.
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Spirostachyae contains about 15 (47) Eurasian species, 3 of which have been introduced to North America North of Mexico.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ William J. Crins, A. A. Reznicek (2020). Carex sect. Spirostachyae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Spirostachyae :
| Genus Carex sect. Spirostachyae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex extensa Gooden.1794. Carex extensa Gooden. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 2: 175 1821. Trasus extensus (Gooden.) Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2:61 | Long-bracted sedge Longbract sedge | Introduced from  Eurasia, Potentially invasive,  iMapInvasives OBL Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 60 (Eu.) | | NYFA: Kings, Nassau, Queeens iNat: Kings, Nassau, Queeens GBIF: Long Island | USDA-X0 FSUS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

### Subg. Carex > sect. Sylvaticae

* Carex sylvaticaVI.Q.5. Carex sect. Sylvaticae Rouy, Fl. Fr. 13: 470. 1912.
* Contains about 6 species worldwide, including Carex sylvatica, which is listed as introduced in New York State.
* The Flora of North America includes Carex sylvatica in sect. Hymenochlaenae.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Marcia J. Waterway (2020). Carex sect. Hymenochlaenae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Sylvaticae :
| Genus Carex fna-sect. Hymenochlaenae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex sylvatica Huds. ssp. sylvatica1762. Carex sylvatica Huds. in Fl. Angl.: 353 1771. Carex patula Scop. in Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 226 1780. Carex vesicaria ssp. sylvatica Ehrh. in Hannover. Mag. 18: 233, nom. nud. 1782. Carex drymeia L.f. in Suppl. Pl.: 414 1802. Carex emarcida Suter in Helvet. Fl. 2: 263 1821. Trasus sylvaticus (Huds.) Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 65 (1822) 1840. Edritria sylvatica (Huds.) Raf. in Good Book: 26 (1840)}} 1913. Proteocarpus sylvaticus (Huds.) Fedde & J.Schust. in Just's (1918) | European woodland sedge Woodland sedge Wood sedgeCarex des bois Laîche des bois Laiche des forêts | Introduced, Potentially invasive, SNA FACU Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 58 (in Europe) | | NYFA: 5 counties iNat: 3 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-XX POWO FSUS VASCAN FNAFNA Images Wikispecies |

### Subg. Carex > sect. Ceratocystis

* Carex flavaVI.Q.8. Carex sect. Ceratocystis Dumort., Fl. Belg. 147. 1827.
* Contains all 16 global species of traditional sect. Ceratocystis.
* Section Ceratocystis contains similar yellow, green, and small yellow sedges with short stalkless cylindrical spikelets.
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Ceratocystis contains about 7 (16) species worldwide, 5 of which are found in North America North of Mexico, 3 of which are found in New York.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ William J. Crins (2020). Carex sect. Ceratocystis in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
* ↑ A.S.Weakley & Southeastern Flora Team (2024). Carex sect. Ceratocystis, Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, U.S.A.
| Carex sect. Ceratocystis | Spikelet shape | Spikelet diameter | Perigynia length | Perigynia mature color | Scale & tip color | Beak shape | Beak texture, length | Leaf width |
| Carex flava | subglobose | 8 - 15 mm | 4.0 - 6.3 mm | yellowish | red-brown | recurved-falcate | scabrous | 2 - 5 mm |
| Carex viridula | oblong | 8 mm | 2.2 - 3.3 mm | greenish | | about straight | much shorter than body |
| Carex cryptolepis | subglobose | 8 - 15 mm | 3.2 - 4.8 mm | yellowish | yellow-green | recurved-falcate | smooth | 1-3 mm |
| ↑ Michael Hough (2019). "Ceratocystis." Flora of Cortland and Onondaga Counties, New York, p. 100. ↑ Jerry Jenkins (2019). Sedges of the Northern Forest - A Digital Atlas Northern Forest Atlas Project. Version 1.3, 21 February 2019, p. 45. |||||||||
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Ceratocystis :
| Genus Carex sect. Ceratocystis | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex flava L.1753. Carex flava L. in Sp. Pl.: 975 1779. Carex echinata Lam. in Fl. Franç. 2:177, nom. illeg.}} 1821. Trasus flavus (L.) Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 60 (1822) 1840. Anithista flava (L.) Raf. in Good Book: 26}} 1896. Carex flava var. fertilis Peck in Rep. (Annual) Regents N.Y.S Mus. 48: 197 1913. Proteocarpus flavus (L.) Fedde & J.Schust. in Just's Bot. Jahresber. 41(2):11 1935. Carex laxior (Kük.) Mack. in N.L.Britton & al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl. 18: 306 1935. Carex oederi var. microcarpa Font Quer in Bol. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 35:140 1952. Carex flava var. laxior (Kük.) Gleason in Phytologia 4:22 | Large yellow sedge Yellow sedge Yellow-green sedgeCarex jaune Laîche jaunâtre | Native, CoC: 4, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 8, 2n = 60 | NYFA: 44 counties iNat: 21 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex viridula Michx. var. viridula1768. Carex divisa Oeder in G.C.Oeder & al. (eds.), Fl. Dan.: t. 371, sensu auct. 1779. Carex oederi Retz. in Fl. Scand. Prodr.: 179 1803. Carex viridula Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:170 1805. Carex flava var. oederi (Retz.) DC. in 'J.B.A.M.de Lamarck & A.P.de Candolle 1821. Trasus oederi (Retz.) Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2:60 (1822) 1840. Edritria viridula (Michx.) Raf. in Good Book: 26 1840. Onkerma oederi (Retz.) Raf. in Good Book: 27 1870. Carex flava ssp. oederi (Retz.) Syme in J.E.Smith, Engl. Bot., nom. superfl. 1889. Carex flava var. viridula (Michx.) L.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 1: 31 1925. Carex cryptolepis var. prolifera (H.B.Lord) House in Bull. N.Y.S. Mus. Nat. Hist. 266:26 1935. Carex chlorophila Mack. in N.L.Britton & al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl. 18: 304 | Green sedge Little green sedge Greenish sedgeCarex verdâtre | Native, CoC: 5, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 8, 2n = 70, 72 | NYFA: 21 counties iNat: 6 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex cryptolepis Mack.1914. Carex cryptolepis Mack. in Torreya 14:157 | Northeastern sedge Small yellow sedge Yellow Sedge Hidden-Scale SedgeCarex à écailles cachées | Native, CoC: 8, Rare, S3, G4 OBL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 7, 2n = 64 | NYFA: 29 counties iNat: Hamilton, St. Lawr. GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex × subviridula  Carex flava ×   Carex viridula1894. Carex × mixta Corb. in Nouv. Fl. Normandie: 607, nom. illeg. 1933. Carex × subviridula Fernald in Rhodora 35: 231 2007. Carex × alsatica ssp. subviridula (Fernald) Govaerts in R.H.A.Govaerts & D.A.Simpson | Somewhat green sedge | Native, Hybrid, SNA, GNA OBL Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: Chemung (1940) | POWO Images Wikispecies |
| Carex cryptolepis × viridula  Carex cryptolepis ×   Carex viridula1989. Carex cryptolepis × viridula | Hybrid of  Northeastern sedge &  Little green sedge | Native, Unranked, SNA. GNA OBL Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: Essex 1945 | Images Wikispecies |
| Carex cryptolepis × flava  Carex cryptolepis ×   Carex flava1989. Carex cryptolepis × flava | Hybrid of  Northeastern sedge &  Yellow sedge | Native, Unranked OBL Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: Lewis (2017) | Images Wikispecies |

### Subg. Carex > sect. Hymenochlaenae

* Carex cherokeensisVI.S. Carex sect. Hymenochlaenae (Drejer) L.H.Bailey, in J.M.Coulter, Man. Bot. Rocky Mt. 379. 1885.
* Contains 8 of 65 traditional sect. Hymenochlaenae species globally, including Carex cherokeensis, C. fokienensis, C. hubbardii, C. iynx, C. longebrachiata, C. metallica, C. obispoensis, C. tunimanensis.
* The traditional (FNA) sect. Hymenochlaenae contains 20 North American Carex species. Of these, only the southeastern Carex cherokeensis and endemic Californian Carex obispoensis remain in the newly delineated sect. Hymenochlaenae. Most of the rest are now in the Castanea Clade above.
* A single casual observation of cultivated and labeled Carex cherokeensis (Cherokee Sedge) at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, New York in 2023 has been posted to iNaturalist The nearest research-grade iNaturalist observation appears to be in Kentucky.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Marcia J. Waterway (2020). Carex sect. Hymenochlaenae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
* ↑ iNaturalist observation of Carex cherokeensis (Cherokee Sedge) at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, New York in 2023.
* ↑ Section Hymenochlaenae (Carex Sect. Hymenochlaenae) at iNaturalist 4/18/2024
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Hymenochlaenae :
| Genus Carex fna-sect. Hymenochlaenae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex cherokeensis Schwein.1817. Carex recurva Muhl. in Descr. Gram.: 55, nom. illeg. 1826. Carex cherokeensis Schwein. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 1:369 1840. Edritria recurva Raf. in Good Book: 26 1847. Carex christyana Boott in Boston J. Nat. Hist. 5:114 1855. Carex baazasana Steud. in Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2:236 1856. Carex brazatana Boeckeler in Flora 39:321 | Cherokee sedge Wolftail sedge | N. America native, Cultivated in NY Perennial, Graminoid | | iNat: no RG observations GBIF: not in NY | USDA-N0 POWO FSUS FNA Images Wikispecies |

### Subg. Carex > Concinna Clade >> sect. Clandestinae

* Carex richardsoniiVI.V. Concinna Clade contains 3 North American species of the approximately 46 global species of traditional sect. Clandestinae (C. concinna, C. concinnoides, and C. richardsonii). C. concinnoides is remarkable for being the only known sedge with 4 stigmas.
* The traditional (FNA) sect. Clandestinae contains 4 North American Carex species (C. concinna, C. concinnoides, C. pedunculata, and C. richardsonii). Of these, C. richardsonii appears to be extirpated from New York State, and C. pedunculata was moved to sect. Pictae.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ William J. Crins (2020). Carex sect. Clandestinae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Clandestinae :
| Genus Carex sect. Clandestinae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex richardsonii R.Br.1823. Carex richardsonii R.Br. in J.Franklin, Narr. Journey Polar Sea: 751 1942. Carex richardsonii R.Br. exserta Fernald in Rhodora 44: 290 | Richardson's sedge Prairie hummock sedgeCarex de Richardson | Native, CoC: 10, Extirpated, SX, G4 UPL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 8, 2n = 52 | | NYFA: Monroe County iNat: No NY observations GBIF: None in NY | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany FNA LBJ Images Wikispecies |

### Subg. Carex > sect. Acrocystis

* Carex communisVI.W.3. Carex sect. Acrocystis Dumort., Fl. Belg. 147. 1827.
* Contains about 39 of the 51 species globally of traditional Carex sect. Acrocystis.
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Acrocystis contains about 35 (51) species worldwide, 20 of which are found in North America North of Mexico, including about a dozen loosely- or densely-cespitose sedge species that are found in New York..
* Characteristics include narrow leaves, basal leaves with red bases, and beaked perigynia in short spikelets.
* Groups within Carex sect. Acrocystis used here are based on Roalson & Friar (2004).
* This section contains some of the smallest sedges in the Northeast.
* D.B. Poindexter (2019) recommended replacing the Carex section name Acrocystis Dumort. (1827) with Sphaeridiophorae Drejer ex L.H.Bailey (1885), using Carex pensylvanica Lam. (1792) as its lectotype instead of Carex montana L. (1755), which was also the lectotype of sect. Montanae (Carey) Christ (1885). Carex montana was explicitly excluded from Poindexter's treatment of sect. Sphaeridiophorae.
* § Acrocystis
* America
* East
* Carex pensylvanica (Pennsylvania sedge)
* Carex lucorum (Blue Ridge sedge)
* Carex tonsa (Shaved sedge)
* Carex rugosperma (Parachute sedge)
* Carex umbellata (Parasol sedge)
* Carex albicans var. albicans (White-tinged sedge)
* Carex nigromarginata (Black-edge sedge)
* Carex reznicekii (Reznicek's sedge)
* Carex emmonsii (Emmons' sedge)
* Carex novae-angliae (New England sedge)
* West
* Carex communis (Fibrous-rooted sedge)
* Carex deflexa var. deflexa (Northern sedge)
* Carex peckii (Peck's sedge)
* Western America Clade
* Eurasia
* Carex montana (Mountain sedge)
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ William J. Crins, Jeff H. Rettig (2020). Carex sect. Acrocystis in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
* ↑ Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2024. Section Acrocystis (Montanae), Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, U.S.A.
* ↑ Jerry Jenkins (2019). Sedges of the Northern Forest. Northern Forest Atlas Foundation. Cornell University Press. p. 13.
* ↑ Eric H. Roalson & Elizabeth A. Friar (2004). Phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic patterns in North American members of Carex section Acrocystis (Cyperaceae) using nrDNA ITS and ETS sequence data. Plant Syst. Evol. 243, 175–187.
* ↑ R.F.C.Naczi, D.B.Poindexter, C.T.Bryson, D.A.Werier, and D.Estes (2015). New state records of Carex sect. Acrocystis (Cyperaceae) from the eastern USA. Phytoneuron 2015-11: 1–4.
* ↑ D.B. Poindexter (2019). Comprehensive systematic approaches to understanding species diversity: a case study utilizing a non-model group of sedges, Carex sect. Acrocystis (Cyperaceae). University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School

#### Subg. Carex > sect. Acrocystis >> Eastern North America clade

* Roalson & Friar (2004) grouped sect. Acrocystis into eastern and western North American groups. The first Eastern North America Clade (ENAC1) contains the C. pensylvanica complex, the C. nigromarginata complex, and the C. umbellata complex.
* ↑ Eric H. Roalson & Elizabeth A. Friar (2004). Phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic patterns in North American members of Carex section Acrocystis (Cyperaceae) using nrDNA ITS and ETS sequence data. Plant Syst. Evol. 243, 175–187.

##### Subg. Carex > sect. Acrocystis >> ENA Pensylvanica Species Complex

* Carex pensylvanicaThe Pensylvanica species complex of Carex sect. Acrocystis (sensu Crins & Ball 1983) contained C. lucorum, C. pensylvanica and the western C. inops (sspp. inops & heliophila).
* Poindexter (2019) determined that western species C. inops and C. heliophila are not closely related to C. pensylvanica and placed them in the a southwestern North America clade.
* ↑ William J. Crins, William & Peter W. Ball (1983). The taxonomy of the Carex pensylvanica complex (Cyperaceae) in North America. Canadian Journal of Botany. 61. 1692-1717.
* ↑ D.B. Poindexter (2019). Comprehensive systematic approaches to understanding species diversity: a case study utilizing a non-model group of sedges, Carex sect. Acrocystis (Cyperaceae). University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Acrocystis :
| Genus Carex sect. Acrocystis "pensylvanica" group | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex pensylvanica Lam.1792. Carex Pensylvanica Lam. in Encycl. 3: 388 1805. Carex marginata Muhl.ex Willd. n Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4:261, nom. illeg. 1855. Carex subbiflora Steud. in Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2:234 1893. Carex pensylvanica var. angustifolia Peck in Rep. Regents Univ. NYS Mus. 1894. Carex pensylvanica var. glumabunda Peck in Rep. Regents Univ. NYS Mus. 1894. Carex pensylvanica var. gracilifolia Peck in Rep. Regents Univ. NYS Mus. | Pennsylvania sedge Penn sedge Common oak sedgeCarex de Pennsylvanie | Native, CoC: 6, Secure N. R. Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 5 Sun - shade, 2n = 36 | | NYFA: 51 counties iNat: 27 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNAFNA Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Carex lucorum Willd.1814. Carex lucorum Willd. in Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol., Suppl.:63 1830. Vignea lucorum (Willd.) Rchb. in J.C.Mössler, Handb. Gewächsk. 1861. Carex michiganensis Dewey ex Alph.Wood in Class-book Bot.:765 1877. Carex pensylvanica var. lucorum (Willd.) Boeckeler in Linnaea 41: 220 1893. Carex pensylvanica var. distans Peck in Rep. Regents Univ. NYS Mus. 1894. Carex pensylvanica var. separans Peck in Rep. Regents Univ. NYS Mus. 1909. Carex pensylvanica f. separans (Peck) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler, Pflanzenr | Blue Ridge sedge Forest sedge Fire sedge Long-beaked carpet sedge Long-beaked oak sedge Northern woodland sedgeCarex des forêts | Native, CoC: 6, Likely secure, S4, G4 N. R. Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 3, n = 20 | | NYFA: 19 counties iNat: 2 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA LBJ Images Wikispecies |

##### Subg. Carex > sect. Acrocystis >> ENA Umbellata Species Complex

* Carex umbellataThe Umbellata species complex traditionally includes Carex umbellata, C. tonsa var. rugosperma, and C. tonsa var. tonsa. In part because C. rugosperma and C. umbellata have been found to form a sister clade to C. microrhyncha and another newly studied species in this complex, the species rank is probably justifiable for each of these taxa. These sedges are very small, with obscure culms.
* ↑ D.B. Poindexter (2019). Comprehensive systematic approaches to understanding species diversity: a case study utilizing a non-model group of sedges, Carex sect. Acrocystis (Cyperaceae). University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Acrocystis :
| Genus Carex sect. Acrocystis "umbellata" group | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex umbellata Schkuhr ex Willd.1805. Carex umbellata Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4:290 1840. Olotrema umbellata (Willd.) Raf. in Good Book:25 1906. Carex umbellata ssp. brachyrhina Piper in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 11:175 1908. Carex abdita E.P.Bicknell in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35:492 1912. Carex umbellata ssp. abdita (E.P.Bicknell) W.Stone in Pl. S. NJ:305 1913. Carex microrhyncha Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 40:548 | Parasol sedge Hidden sedge Umbellate sedge Early oak sedgeCarex en ombelle | Native, CoC: 5, Secure, S5, G5 N. R. Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 5, 2n = 30, 32 (n = 15) | NYFA: 28 counties iNat: 4 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNAFNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Carex rugosperma1826. Carex umbellata var. vicinia Dewey. Amer. J. Sci. Arts 10 1915. Carex rugosperma Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42:621 1924. Carex umbellata f. vicinia (Dewey) Wiegand. Rhodora 26(301):2 1926. Carex umbellata var. vicinia Dewey. Amer. J. Sci. Arts 10: pl. D, f. 13 1996. Carex tonsa var. rugosperma (Mack.) Crins in Novon 6: 118 | Parachute sedge Umbel-like sedge Rough-fruit deep-green sedge Red-seeded sedge Wrinkle-seeded sedge Wrinkle-seeded oak sedgeCarex à fruits rugueux Carex à fruit rugueux | Native, CoC: 5, Secure, S5, G5-T5 N. R. Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 7, n = 15 | NYFA: 33 counties iNat: 2 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNAFNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Carex tonsa (Fernald) E.P.Bicknell var. tonsa1902. Carex umbellata var. tonsa Fernald 1908. Carex tonsa E.P.Bicknell in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35:492 1909. Carex umbellata f. tonsa Kük. in H.G.A.Engler, Pflanzenr. 1966. Carex rugosperma var. tonsa E.G.Voss in Rhodora 68:453 | Shaved sedge Deep-green sedge Bald sedge Smooth-fruited oak sedgeCarex à fruits glabres | Native, CoC: 5, Secure N. R. Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 32 | NYFA: 19 counties iNat: Oneida, St. Lawr. GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNAFNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ Molecular data (unpublished) indicate that C. microrhyncha is deeply embedded within C. umbellata. This group is receiving critical study by D.B. Poindexter. ||||||

##### Subg. Carex > sect. Acrocystis >> ENA Albicans Species Complex

* Carex albicansCarex reznicekii, first described by David Werier in 2006, had previously been identified as C. umbellata or C. nigromarginata.
* Note that Carex albicans var. emmonsii is treated at the species level as Carex emmonsii and placed in the Emmonsii species complex below.
* ↑ D.B. Poindexter (2019). Comprehensive systematic approaches to understanding species diversity: a case study utilizing a non-model group of sedges, Carex sect. Acrocystis (Cyperaceae). University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Acrocystis :
| Genus Carex sect. Acrocystis "albicans" group | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex albicans Willd. ex Spreng. var. albicans1806. Carex varia Muhl. ex Schkuhr 1826. Carex albicans Willd. ex Spreng. 1935. Carex artitecta Mack. 1989. Carex emmonsii var. muhlenbergii (A.Gray ex Torr.) Rettig | Whitetinge sedge White-tinged sedge Bellow-beaked sedge | Native, CoC: 7, Secure, S5, G5-T4-T5 UPL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 5, 2n = 36 (n=17) | NYFA: 36 counties iNat: 3 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN FSUS Go Botany ITIS FNAFNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Carex nigromarginata Schwein.1824. Carex nigromarginata Schwein. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 1:68 1860. Carex lucorum var. nigro-marginata Chapm. in Fl. South. U.S.: 539 1860. Carex lucorum var. nigromarginata (Schwein.) Chapm. in Fl. South. U.S.: 539 1860. Carex lucorum Sartwell ex Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 2: 99, not validly publ. 1877. Carex nigromarginata var. subdigyna Boeckeler in Linnaea 41:220 | Black-edge sedge Black-edged sedge Black-margined sedgeCarex à marge noire | Native, CoC: 7, Threatened, DEC-B, S3, G5, NYNHP: S3 UPL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 5, 2n = 36 | NYFA: 4 counties iNat: 3 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN FSUS Go Botany FNAFNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Carex reznicekii Werier2006. Carex reznicekii Werier in Sida 22:1052 | Reznicek's sedgeCarex de Reznicek | Native, CoC: 8, Endangered, S1-S2, G5, NYNHP: S1-S2 UPL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 5, n = 15 | NYFA: 4 counties iNat: No NY observations GBIF: Bronx, New York | USDA-N0 POWO FSUS Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (b) Threatened. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program (2024). Online Conservation Guide for Carex nigromarginata. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program (2024). Online Conservation Guide for Carex reznicekii. ||||||

##### Subg. Carex > sect. Acrocystis >> ENA Emmonsii Species Complex

* Carex emmonsiiCarex emmonsii has traditionally been treated as part of the Carex albicans species complex, but phylogenetically it is more likely to be a sister to the clade containing the umbellata and albicans complexes above.
* ↑ D.B. Poindexter (2019). Comprehensive systematic approaches to understanding species diversity: a case study utilizing a non-model group of sedges, Carex sect. Acrocystis (Cyperaceae). University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Acrocystis :
| Genus Carex sect. Acrocystis "emmonsii" group | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex emmonsii Dewey ex Torr.1826. Carex davisii Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 10:279, nom. illeg. 1836. Carex emmonsii Dewey ex Torr. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3:411 1839. Carex varia var. minor Boott in W.J.Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:223 1848. Carex novae-angliae var. emmonsii (Dewey ex Torr.) J.Carey in A.Gray 1860. Carex lucorum var. emmonsii (Dewey ex Torr.) Chapm. in Fl. South. U.S. 1896. Carex emmonsii var. colorata Howe in Rep. Regents Univ. NYS Mus. 1896. Carex emmonsii var. disticta Howe in Rep. Regents Univ. NYS Mus. 1952. Carex nigromarginata var. minor Gleason in Phytologia 4:22, nom. illeg. 1990. Carex albicans var. emmonsii (Dewey ex Torr.) Rettig in Sida 14:133 | Emmons' sedge Emmons's sedge Emmon's white-tinged sedge Sharp-scale oak sedgeCarex d'Emmons | Native, CoC: 8, Rare, S3, G5-T5 UPL Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 4, 2n = 40 (n = 20) | | NYFA: 18 counties iNat: 3 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany FNAFNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

##### Subg. Carex > sect. Acrocystis >> ENA Novae-angliae Species Complex

* Carex novae-angliaeCarex novae-angliae and several tentative new species in this complex may have been confused with Carex deflexa. The other currently-named species in this complex is Carex austrodeflexa P.D.McMillan, Sorrie & van Eerden (2011), found on the Atlantic coastal plane of the southeastern U.S., from Virginia to Florida to Alabama.
* ↑ D.B. Poindexter (2019). Comprehensive systematic approaches to understanding species diversity: a case study utilizing a non-model group of sedges, Carex sect. Acrocystis (Cyperaceae). University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Acrocystis :
| Genus Carex sect. Acrocystis "novae-angliae" group | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex novae-angliae Schwein.1824. Carex novae-angliae Schwein. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 1:67 1826. Carex collecta Dewey. Am. J. Sci. Arts 11:314, t. N, f. 44. 1845. Carex novae-angliae var. collecta (Dewey) Dewey in Alph.Wood. Class-bookBot. 421. 1909. Carex varia var. novae-angliae (Schwein.) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler | New England sedgeCarex de Nouvelle-Angleterre Carex de la Nouvelle-Angleterre | Native, CoC: 7, Likely secure, S4, G5 FACU Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 4, n=15-16 | | NYFA: 21 counties iNat: 4 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |

##### Subg. Carex > sect. Acrocystis >> ENA hybrids

Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Acrocystis :
| Genus Carex sect. Acrocystis "hybrids" group | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex pensylvanica × umbellata  Carex pensylvanica ×   Carex umbellata | Hybrid of   Pennsylvania sedge &   Parasol sedge | Native, SNA, GNA Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: Tompkins (2006), Westchester (1893) | Images Wikispecies |
| Carex albicans × umbellata  Carex albicans ×   Carex umbellata | Hybrid of   White-tinged sedge &   Parasol sedge | Native, SNA, GNA Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: Orange (2003) | Images Wikispecies |

#### Subg. Carex > sect. Acrocystis >> Western America Ancestral Clade

* Carex communisThe second Eastern North America Clade (ENAC2, containing C. communis & C. peckii) was found to have been embedded in the second Western North America Clade (WNAC2).
* Carex deflexa is one of 4 members of Acrocystis (including C. rossii, C. tonsa, and C. umbellata) that have pistillate spikes at the base.
* D.B. Poindexter (2019) found weak support for clade (WA-AC) containing C. communis + C. deflexa as sister to C. peckii in the Western America Clade
* ↑ Eric H. Roalson & Elizabeth A. Friar (2004). Phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic patterns in North American members of Carex section Acrocystis (Cyperaceae) using nrDNA ITS and ETS sequence data. Plant Syst. Evol. 243, 175–187.
* ↑ MinnesotaWildflowers.info (2024). Carex deflexa (Northern Sedge)
* ↑ D.B. Poindexter (2019). Comprehensive systematic approaches to understanding species diversity: a case study utilizing a non-model group of sedges, Carex sect. Acrocystis (Cyperaceae). University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae —   — Carex subg. Carex sect. Acrocystis :
| Genus Carex sect. Acrocystis WA clade | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex communis L.H.Bailey var. communis1889. Carex communis L.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 1: 41 1930. Carex communis var. gynandra Farw. in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 12: 52 1966. Carex communis f. gynandra (Farw.) E.G.Voss in Rhodora 68: 451 | Fibrous-rooted sedge Fibrousroot sedge Fibrous-root sedge Common beech sedge Colonial oak sedge Common sedgeCarex commun | Native, CoC: 7, Secure, S5, G5 N. R. Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 4, 2n = 28 n = 11-15 | NYFA: 51 counties iNat: 14 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNAFNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Carex peckii Howe1860. Carex emmonsii var. ellpitica Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 2:97 1893. Carex peckii Howe in Rep. Regents Univ. NYS Mus. 47:166 (1894) 1931. Carex clivicola Fernald & Weath. in Rhodora 33:233 1951. Carex peckii f. elongata Lepage in Naturaliste Canad. 78:346 1952. Carex nigromarginata var. elliptica (Boott) Gleason in Phytologia 4:22 | Peck's sedge White-tinged sedge Peck's oak sedgeCarex de Peck | Native, CoC: 7, Likely secure, S4, G4-G5 N. R. Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 6, 2n = 36 (n = 15) | NYFA: 12 counties iNat: Jefferson, St. Law GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Carex deflexa Hornem. var. deflexa1839. Carex varia var. minor Boott in Hooker. Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2(11):223 1841. Carex pilulifera var. deflexa (Hornem.) Drejer in Naturhist. Tidsskr. 3:476 1877. Carex pilulifera f. deflexa (Hornem.) Boeckeler. Linnaea 41:216 1883. Carex deflexa Hornem. in G.C.Oeder & al. (eds.), Fl. Dan.: t. 3051 1886. Carex novae-angliae var. deflexa (Hornem.) L.H.Bailey in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 1889. Carex deflexa var. deanei L.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 1:42 | Northern sedge Bent northern sedge Bent sedge Northern oak sedge Short-stemmed sedge Drooping sedgeCarex déprimé | Native, CoC: 6, Unranked, SNR, G5 N. R. Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 20–24, 30, 36 n = 12 | NYFA: 9 counties iNat: St. Lawrence GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA BONAP Images Wikispecies |

#### Subg. Carex > sect. Acrocystis >> Eurasian clade

* Carex montanaThe few GBIF viewable specimens of this group from New York State are listed as Carex filiformis L. These are located at the Field Museum in Chicago and include:
* Carex filiformis L. - Seneca County, Town of Fayette or Junius, NY, 6/19/1858, M.S. Bebb, H.P. Sartwell
* Carex filiformis L. - Seneca County, Town of Fayette or Junius, NY, 6/19/1858, M.S. Bebb, H.P. Sartwell (dupl. of prev.)
* Carex filiformis L. - Hamilton County, Cedar Lake, Litchfield NY, 6/25/1870, Edwin Hunt, Utica, NY
* Carex filiformis L. - Hamilton County, Border of Cedar Lake, Litchfield NY, 6/20/1873, Edwin Hunt, Utica, NY
* Carex filiformis L. - Hamilton County, Border of Cedar Lake, Litchfield NY, 6/9-25/1873, Edwin Hunt, Utica, NY
* Carex filiformis L. - Tompkins County, Cuckoo Meadows, 5/30/1885, L. H. Bailey
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Acrocystis :
| Genus Carex sect. Acrocystis "Eurasian" group | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex montana L.1753. Carex montana L. in Sp. Pl.:975 1753. Carex filiformis L. in Sp. Pl.:976 1785. Carex conglobata All. in Fl. Pedem. 2:268 1791. Carex caryophyllaea J.F.Gmel. in Syst. Nat., ed. 13[bis].:142 1792. Carex pubescens Gilib. in Exerc. Phyt. 2:547, opus utique oppr. 1792. Carex pumila Honck. in Syn. Pl. Germ. 1:373, nom. illeg. 1805. Carex collina Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4:260, nom. superfl. 1805. Carex emarginata Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4:262 1814. Carex perennis Krock. in Fl. Siles. 3:50 1821. Trasus filiformis (L.) Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2:59 (1822) 1837. Carex caryophyllata Kunth in Enum. Pl. 2:437 1840. Diemisa filiformis (L.) Raf. in Good Book:27 | Mountain sedge Soft-leaved Sedge Downy-Fruited Sedge | Introduced from  Eurasia Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: Not Listed iNat: No NY observations GBIF: Collected in NY | USDA-0 POWO Images Wikispecies |

### Subg. Carex > Mitrata Clade >> sect. Mitratae

* Carex caryophylleaVI.X.5. Mitrata Clade contains 27 of the 86 global species of traditional sect. Mitratae (including Carex caryophyllea).
* The traditional (FNA) Carex section Mitratae contains about 4 (86) species worldwide, one of which (Carex caryophyllea) has been found in North America.
* ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
* ↑ Lisa A. Standley(2020). Carex sect. Mitratae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex — clade Matrata :
| Genus Carex fna-sect. Mitratae | Sedge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Carex caryophyllea Latourr.1778. Carex praecox Jacq. in Fl. Austriac. 5:23 1785. Carex caryophyllea Latourr. in Chlor. Lugd.: 27 | Spring sedge Vernal sedge Iron-grassCarex printanier | Introduced, Impersistent Perennial, Graminoid, 2n = 58,62,64,66,68 (Eurasia) | | NYFA: 3 counties iNat: no RG in NY GBIF: Bronx 1891-93 | USDA-XX FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |