# A-level French/Verbs/PC

The passé composé is the most common way to talk in the past tense in French.

## Être and Avoir

14 être verbs :
| aller (to go) | partir (to leave) |
| arriver (to arrive) | passer (to pass) |
| descendre (to descend/ to go downstairs) | rester (to stay) |
| entrer (to enter) | retourner (to return) |
| monter (to climb) | sortir (to go out) |
| mourir (to die) | tomber (to fall) |
| naître (to be born) | venir (to come) |
You may have noticed that many of the 14 être verbs have to do with movement. Except naître (to be born) mourir (to die) and rester (to stay) these verbs are motion verbs. That doesn't mean however that all motion verbs use être in the passé composé. For instance, courir (to run) is conjugated with avoir.
The reason these verbs are être verbs is because they are intransitive, that is they don't have a direct object.
Examples of Intransitive Verbs (Etre verbs):
* He stayed two hours after the party.
* The leaf fell from the tree.
* The children went to school in the morning.
Examples of Transitive Verbs (Avoir verbs):
(The verb is in bold and its object is in italics)
* She picked up her purse.
* The boy kicked the soccer ball.
* Mother is making dinner tonight.
| Conjugation of être (to be) | Conjugation of être (to be) | Conjugation of avoir (to have) | Conjugation of avoir (to have) |
| Je suis | Nous sommes | J'ai | Nous avons |
| Tu es | Vous êtes | Tu as | Vous avez |
| Il/Elle/On est | Ils/Elles sont | Il/Elle/On a | Ils/Elles ont |

## How to make the passé composé

| Subject + | Conjugation of être/avoir + | past participle of the verb (to have) | English translation |
| Tu | as | lu | You have read |
| Nous | avons | mangé | We ate/We have eaten |
| Il | est | allé | He went |
As you can see from the above table to form the passé composé you need to:
* Conjugate avoir or être
* change the verb to the past participle

### Avoir passé composé examples

* Ils ont mangé. They have eaten.
* J'ai dancé. I danced.
* Il a vu un chat. He saw a cat.
* Elle a vendu sa voiture. She sold her car.

### Être passé composé examples

* Je suis allé à la bibliothèque. I went to the library.
* Ils sont venus après l'école. They came home after school.
* La feuille est tombé de l'arbre. The leaf fell from the tree.
* Il est resté à l'école à jouer au basket. He stayed after school to play basketball.

## Forming the Past Participle
### Regular ER Verbs

| Verb | Drop ER | Add É | Past Participle | English |
| manger | mang - er | mang + é | mangé | to eat |
| dancer | danc - er | danc + é | dancé | to dance |
| payer | pay - er | pay + é | payé | to pay |

### Regular IR Verbs

| Verb | Drop IR | Add I | Past Participle | English |
| finir | fin - ir | fin + i | fini | to finish |
| réussir | réuss - ir | réuss + i | réussi | to succeed |
| dormir | dorm - ir | dorm + i | dormi | to sleep |

### Regular RE Verbs

| Verb | Drop RE | Add U | Past Participle | English |
| perdre | perd - re | perd + u | perdu | to lose |
| vendre | vend - re | vend + u | vendu | to sell |
| répondre | répond - re | répond + u | répondu | to answer |

### Irregular Verbs

This is a list of some of the most common irregualr verbs and their past participles.
| Verb | Past Participle | Verb | Past Participle |
| avoir | eu (had) | boire | bu (drank) |
| conduire | conduit (driven, drove) | connaître | connu (known, knew) |
| courir | couru (ran) | croire | cru (believed) |
| devoir | dû (had to, owed) | dire | dit (said, told) |
| écrire | écrit (written, wrote) | être | été (been, was) |
| faire | fait (made, done, did) | falloir | fallu (had to, should, was necessary) |
| lire | lu (read) | mettre | mis (put) |
| mourir | mort (died) | naître | né (born) |
| ouvrir | ouvert (opened) | pleuvoir | plu (rained) |
| pouvoir | pu (was able to) | prendre | pris (took) |
| recevoir | reçu (received) | savoir | su (knew) |
| venir | venu (came) | vivre | vécu (lived) |
| voir | vu (saw) | vouloir | voulu (wanted) |