OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rhetoric and Composition/Semicolons
## Use

A semicolon introduces a pause greater than that of a comma but less than that of a period. This is a semicolon: ;

### To Clarify a Series

    Semicolons separate elements of a series when the items are long or when individual segments contain material that also must be set off by commas.
* Example: She leaves a son, Mike Nach, of Arizona; a daughter, Emily Rosa, of Colorado; and a sister, Sara Evans, of Minnesota.

### To Link Independent Clauses

    A semicolon joins two independent clauses within one a sentence without the use of a coordinating conjunction.
* Example: The horse was due for an immunization; the veterinarian administered one today.

### A semicolon may also be used if there is a Conjunctive adverb in the sentence.

* Example: “I must go grocery shopping; however, I must pick up the dry cleaning today.”

### Placement with Quotes

    Semicolons should always appear outside quotation marks.
* Example: Marcus often says that "people should remain true to their faith"; however, he is not a man of faith.

## Common Misuses

Some examples of improper use of the semicolon:
* Between a subordinate clause and the rest of the sentence. Example: Unless you are coming home before your curfew; don't bother coming home.
* Between an appositive and the word to which it refers. Example: My favorite animal is a parakeet; a type of bird.
* To introduce a list. Example: I own these cars; a Dodge Stealth, an Acura RSX, and a Geo Storm.
← Commas · Colons →
# PSP Development/Multithreading

The PSP allows for multiple threads, but there is only one core with a single thread. This means there is no such optimization with making more than one thread. In computers, this is a big drawback and why dual cores and quad cores will always out-perform a computer with a mono core. For archaic prevention, sticking to one thread, with additional threads for additional modules (AI, GUI tweening, [w:Spawn_(computing)|Spawning] independent modules).
There are 3 types of threads available: regular threads, semaphores, and mutices (mutexes).

## PSP Program Flow

When the kernel gives control to the program, it does so in two different user-spaces. The first user-space is named 'user' and the second named 'kernel'. Some things are impossible to do in the user thread, and rely on being in a kernel thread. Messing around in the kernel thread is a good way to brick a PSP.
To control what thread the PSP starts in, the function PSP_MAIN_THREAD_ATTR should be utilized with attribute PSP_MODULE_USER for user mode. This is automatically done if the function PSP_MAIN_THREAD_ATTR is supplied with PSP_THREAD_ATTR_USER. Although, PSP_MODULE_KERNEL and PSP_THREAD_ATTR_KERNEL should be used respectively for kernel mode.
After the kernel thread dies, "user mode", or the user thread, is entered and executed. This happens directly when the program doesn't enter "kernel mode".
# PSP Development/Python

A youtube video demonstrates a PSP operating on a python build called Stackless Python. No know description has been found, which contains a build, source, or description of building Stackless Python from Source.
Building Python yourself is recommended, as python's core is embedded-ready for different platforms. The main reason is having to ./configure it. One possible method is to acquire a copy of libpython.a and gather the necessary headers for use. This also may require you to copy the compiled python files (libraries) onto the PSP, colloquially install them.
Much functionality that Python offers will be lost. Although, the basic and non-net libraries should work.
Editing of the python source may be required, for example, on windows with mingw64/32 %zu doesn't exist when formatting strings. Every error and printout it seems uses %z*.

# Links

* https://docs.python.org/2/extending/embedding.html
* https://docs.python.org/3.7/extending/embedding.html
* https://wiki.python.org/moin/BuildStatically
# PSP Programming

Welcome to the fascinating and often rewarding world of PlayStation Portable Programming. This set of Learning Modules will provide you with the basic knowledge necessary to apprehend, acquire, install, and configure a PlayStation Portable Programming Laboratory from which all sorts of useful and entertaining tools, utilities, programs, games, and other forms of interactive media can be produced by you. I hope that this learning experience is both enjoyable and enlightening for you.
For new PSP programmers, try Python: It's a good place to start. However, the recommended language for PSP homebrew is C, since the firmware, homebrew, and most games use C as their native language, and it allows deeper memory management (which, given that you have only 32MB/64MB available, you really need to do it).

## Table of Contents
### Intro

* Introduction
* PSP hardware

### Setting Up

* Setting up a tool-chain
** MinPSPW
** CYGWIN
** Linux

### Programming for the PSP (C Language)

* Creating Makefiles
* Creating the common Callback
* Your first PSP program
* Button Input
* Images
* Sound
* File Management

### Examples

* Making a start menu

### Programming for the PSP (Python Language)

* Python

### Programming for the PSP (Lua Language)

* Lua

## Related Wikibooks

* PSP Homebrew Wikibook
* C Programming, the language that many (most?) people use for PSP programming
* MIPS Assembly, the language that some people use for parts of their PSP programs
# PSP Development/Getting the Tools/PPSSPP

The PPSSPP emulator is the most developed emulator for PSP. Instead of constantly uploading EBOOT.PBP and files to a PSP device for testing, the emulator will allow to execute it fast, then, and there. PPSSPP is currently on many, many different platforms - even mobile.

## Getting the Software

PPSSPP can be acquired for the target platform at the PPSSPP.org Download Section. If preferred to build from source, the development information page will have useful information to successfully build PPSSPP. The downloads page provides a cube test application at the bottom for assurance a build is working/successful.

## Configuring

PPSSPP works best when the executable is available in PATH. One way to do this is by adding a symbolic link from the executable to somewhere in PATH, perhaps somewhere in devkitPro, which allows custom naming of the link - keeping the executable's name from change. Alternatively, adding the root folder to the PATH environment variable will work.
Windows
* Create a new shortcut to the executable
* Name the shortcut ppsspp.lnk
* Place the shortcut in C:\devkitPro\devkitPSP\bin
Linux/MacOSX
* Use the ln command, or
* Download PPSSPP using a package manager, or
* Add the folder to .bashrc
# PSP Development/Using PSCrypter
## Tutorial Analysis

PSCrypter is a tool to use to sign a homebrew to make a PSP able to run an EBOOT.PBP normally, without the need for Custom Firmware (CFW). This program operates on the PSP. A connection cable, FTP application, or HTTP + Filesystem (with zip archive extraction) editor is necessary.

## Download

Download the program. Obtain it from filetrip PSCrypter Signs Homebrew.

## Install

Extract the files contained inside the zip to ms0:/PSP/GAME/PSCRYPTER - the PSP's memory stick. Installation of CFW may be necessary to run the program, but the program can be used later to ensure it is signed to be run without CFW.

## Use

Place the EBOOT.PBP folder inside the folder named 'signed', which will take in all EBOOT.PBP folders to be converted to signed. Once done, open the program and wait for it to finished. Once finished, the EBOOT.PBP files should be renamed EBOOT_signed.PBP. Rename it to EBOOT.PBP and remove the folder to ms0:/PSP/GAME/ to use it. This may take a while and drain battery fast.
# PSP Development/Getting the Tools/Mac

MacOSX uses a package called devkitPSP, which is GNU GCC based. This package houses everything needed for development on the PSP. It is a toolchain. The package includes libraries, headers, and tools for the PSP - some external libraries developed for the PSP are included.

## Installing

This is a modified copy of the tutorial found here.
devkitPSP is mainly Oopo's patches pulled into the devkitPro toolchain build system and a build of the pspsdk.
The first thing that you need to do is create a folder for the devkitPro toolchains. Start by opening a terminal and creating the build directory.
The first package to install is the devkitPSP tarball found here.
Once the file is downloaded then you need to extract it into the devkitPro folder.
Add these variables in your execution environment, for instance, editing the .bashrc file located in your home folder:
# PSP Development/Getting the Tools/Windows

Microsoft Windows uses a package called devkitPSP, which is GNU GCC based. This package houses everything needed for development on the PSP. It is a toolchain. The package includes libraries, headers, and tools for the PSP - some external libraries developed for the PSP are included.

## Installing

DevkitPSP has a very nice installer which can be found here. This installer does not house any 3rd party software such as toolbars, malware, bulkware, etc. Click through to install devkitPSP, and optionally devkitPPC(wii,gc) and devkitARM(gba,nds). The root of all installations are in C:\devkitPro\*. However, subfolders are created in this directory to house installed items. The package houses examples, psp-gcc, and dependencies. One of the additional things the installer gives you is MSYS which houses make.
Some environment variables are set to be used with MSYS, however, using MSYS is not required. The addition for MSYS is to have a Unix-like environment which is favored by many developers. Additionally, using MSYS means the environment is set up already and environment variables do not need to be played with.
To not use MSYS, removed the related environment variables using System Properties. Makefiles use a constant variable, however. To set up everything to build correctly, set DEVKITPRO to `c:\devkitPro\msys\bin;c:\devkitPro;c:\devkitPro\devkitPSP\bin;` Some makefiles will have to be modified further to use del, copy/xcopy, rmdir, etc instead of rm, cp, etc. Most projects don't have that complex of a build, and issuing commands yourself using a single batch file will prove just as easy.
# Pokémon/Pokédex/Glimmora
## Description

A gemlike pokémon.

## Base Statistics

A rock and poison type Pokémon.

## Type Matching

Moves that deal 400% of their damage to Glimmora: ground Moves that deal 200% of their damage to Glimmora: water, steel, psychic Moves that deal 50% of their damage to Glimmora: normal, fire, flying, bug, fairy Moves that deal 25% of their damage to Glimmora: poison

## How to Evolve

Evolves from Glimmora.

## Notes

Introduced in Pokémon Scarlet and Violet.
# Pokémon/Pokédex/Glalie
## Basic Statistics

* National Index: 362
* Johto Index: 362
* Hoenn Index: 172
* Stage: Stage 1
* Height: 1.5m/4'11"
* Weight: 256.5kg/565.0lb
* Gender Distribution: 50% Male
* Ability: Inner Focus
* Type: Ice
* Species: Face
* Egg Group: Fairy/Mineral
* Hatch Steps: 5120
* Catch Rate: 75
* Base Experience: 187
* Max Experience: 1000000
| | HP | Attack | Defense | Speed | Special Attack | Special Defense |
| Base Stats (RB/Y) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Base Stats (GS/C) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Base Stats (RS/FL/E) | 80 | 80 | 80 | 80 | 80 | 80 |
| Base Stats (DP/PT/HGSS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (BW/B2W2) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (XY/ORAS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (SM/USUM) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (RB/Y) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Max Stats (GS/C) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Max Stats (RS/FL/E) | 364 | 284 | 284 | 284 | 284 | 284 |
| Max Stats (DP/PT/HGSS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (B/W/B2W2) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (X/Y/ORAS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (SM/USUM) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Effort Points (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |

## Type Matching

Move types which are good on Glalie: Fighting, Fire, Rock, Steel Move types which are bad on Glalie: Ice
All other move types are normal effectiveness on Glalie.

## Moveset

| Level | Ruby / Sapphire / Fire Red / Leaf Green / Emerald |
| Start | Powder Snow Leer Double Team Bite | Powder Snow Leer Double Team Bite |
| 7 | Double Team | Double Team |
| 10 | Bite | Bite |
| 16 | Icy Wind | Icy Wind |
| 19 | Headbutt | Headbutt |
| 25 | Protect | Protect |
| 28 | Crunch | Crunch |
| 34 | Ice Beam | Ice Beam |
| 42 | Hail | Hail |
| 53 | Blizzard | Blizzard |
| 61 | Sheer Cold | Sheer Cold |

### TM/HM

* RS/FL: Attract, Blizzard, Double Team, Earthquake, Facade, Flash, Frustration, Hail, Hidden Power, Hyper Beam, Ice Beam, Light Screen, Protect, Rain Dance, Rest, Return, Safeguard, Secret Power, Shadow Ball, Taunt, Torment, Toxic, Water Pulse

### Evolution

* RS/FL: Block, Spikes

## Trading Cards

* EX Hidden Legends #34 - Glalie
| Basic: Snorunt | Stage 1: Glalie | (No Stage 2) |
| Basic: Snorunt | Stage 1: Froslass | (No Stage 2) |
# Pokémon/Pokédex/Glimmet
## Description

A gemlike pokémon.

## Base Statistics

A rock and poison type Pokémon.

## Type Matching

Moves that deal 400% of their damage to Glimmet: ground Moves that deal 200% of their damage to Glimmet: water, steel, psychic Moves that deal 50% of their damage to Glimmet: normal, fire, flying, bug, fairy Moves that deal 25% of their damage to Glimmet: poison

## How to Evolve

Evolves to Glimmora.

## Notes

Introduced in Pokémon Scarlet and Violet.
# Pokémon/Pokédex/Gliscor
## Description

A bat like pokémon.

## Base Statistics

A Ground and Flying type Pokémon.

## Type Matching

Moves that deal 400% of their damage to Gliscor: ice Moves that deal 200% of their damage to Gliscor: water, electric Moves that deal 50% of their damage to Gliscor: poison, bug Moves that deal 0% of their damage to Gliscor: electric, ground

## How to Evolve

Gliscor evolves from Gligar.
# Pokémon/Pokédex/Gogoat
## Description

A goatlike Pokémon.

## Base Statistics

A Grass type Pokémon.

## Type Matching

Moves that deal 200% of their damage to Gogoat: fire, ice, poison, flying, bug Moves that deal 50% of their damage to Gogoat: water, grass, electric, ground
# Pokémon/Pokédex/Glameow
## Description

A catlike pokémon.

## Base Statistics

A Normal type Pokémon.

## Type Matching

Moves that deal 200% of their damage to Glameow: fighting Moves that deal 0% of their damage to Glameow: ghost

## How to Evolve

Glameow evolves into Purugly.
# Pokémon/Pokédex/Gligar
## Basic Statistics

* National Index: 207
* Johto Index: 189
* Hoenn Index: 350
* Stage: Basic
* Height: 1.1m/3'7"
* Weight: 64.8kg/143.0lb
* Gender Distribution: 50% Male
* Ability: Hyper Cutter/Sand Veil
* Type: Ground/Flying
* Species: Flyscorpion
* Egg Group: Bug
* Hatch Steps: 5120
* Catch Rate: 60
* Base Experience: 108
* Max Experience: 1059860
| | HP | Attack | Defense | Speed | Special Attack | Special Defense |
| Base Stats (RB/Y) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Base Stats (GS/C) | 65 | 75 | 105 | 85 | 35 | 65 |
| Base Stats (RS/FL/E) | 65 | 75 | 105 | 85 | 35 | 65 |
| Base Stats (DP/PT/HGSS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (BW/B2W2) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (XY/ORAS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (SM/USUM) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (RB/Y) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Max Stats (GS/C) | 333 | 248 | 308 | 268 | 168 | 228 |
| Max Stats (RS/FL/E) | 334 | 273 | 339 | 295 | 185 | 251 |
| Max Stats (DP/PT/HGSS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (B/W/B2W2) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (X/Y/ORAS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (SM/USUM) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Effort Points (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |

## Type Matching

Move types which are very good on Gligar: Ice Move types which are good on Gligar: Water Move types which are bad on Gligar: Bug, Fighting, Poison Move types which don't effect Gligar: Electric, Ground
All other move types are normal effectiveness on Gligar.

## How to Evolve

Gligar evolves into Gliscor.

## Moveset

| Level | Gold / Silver | Crystal | Ruby / Sapphire Emerald XD / Colosseum | Fire Red / Leaf Green |
| Start | Poison Sting | Poison Sting | Poison Sting | Poison Sting |
| 6 | Sand-Attack | Sand-Attack | Sand-Attack | Sand-Attack |
| 13 | Harden | Harden | Harden | Harden |
| 20 | Quick Attack | Quick Attack | Quick Attack | Quick Attack |
| 28 | Faint Attack | Faint Attack | Faint Attack | Faint Attack |
| 36 | Slash | Slash | Slash | Slash |
| 44 | Screech | Screech | Screech | Screech |
| 52 | Guillotine | Guillotine | Guillotine | Guillotine |

### TM/HM

* GS/C/RS/FL: Attract, Cut, Double Team, Frustration, Hidden Power, Iron Tail, Protect, Rock Smash, Rest, Return, Sandstorm, Sludge Bomb, Strength, Sunny Day, Thief, Toxic
* GS/C: Curse, Detect, Endure, Fury Cutter, Headbutt, Sleep Talk, Snore, Swagger, Swift
* RS/FL: Aerial Ace, Dig, Earthquake, Facade, Rain Dance, Rock Tomb, Secret Power, Steel Wing

### Breeding

* GS/C: Counter, Metal Claw, Razor Wind, Wing Attack
* RS/FL: Sand Tomb

### Other Sources

* Pokémon Stadium 2: Earthquake

## Trading Cards

* Neo Genesis #59 - Gligar
* Neo Destiny #64 - Gligar
* Skyridge #59 - Gligar
# Saylor.org's Comparative Politics/Political Behavior

The behaviors of different populations influence, and are influenced by, political institutions. This unit focuses on how other (i.e. non-institutional) factors affect political prospects in different societies. Culture is defined as the sum of the ideas, values, beliefs, and norms that inform the ways in which you behave and lead you to anticipate how you will be judged for your behavior. We will see that cultural factors influence the political process in many different ways, often leading to different political values, differing degrees of alienation from the local process, and different means of mobilization. We will also examine how subcultures and recent shifts in political activism have influenced government of late before taking a look at interest groups, pressure groups, lobbying, the press, media campaigns, and nongovernmental and quasi-nongovernmental organizations. In these discussions, we will emphasize the use of the Internet in policy and administrative processes. Note that as we progress through this unit, we will discuss each of these topics in terms of their application in comparative politics. Finally, we will conclude with an introduction to comparative voting processes.
# SQLite/SQL standard divergences
## Types

SQLite is dynamically typed. This means that as you fill columns the affinity depends on the content. Four data types exist except NULL: BLOB, INTEGER, REAL (aka FLOAT) and TEXT.

## References

* ↑ Result Values From A Query sqlite.org, SQLite C Interface, visited 7 May 2019
# SQLite

SQLite is a relational database management system contained in a C programming library. In contrast to many other database management systems, SQLite is not a client–server database engine. Rather, it is embedded into the end program.
SQLite is ACID-compliant and implements most of the SQL standard, using a dynamically and weakly typed SQL syntax that does not guarantee the domain integrity.
SQLite is a popular choice as embedded database software for local/client storage in application software such as web browsers. It is arguably the most widely deployed database engine, as it is used today by several widespread browsers, operating systems, and embedded systems (such as mobile phones), among others. SQLite has bindings to many programming languages.

## Table of Contents

    Introduction
    Downloading and using
    SQL standard divergences

### API Tutorial

    Introductory exercise

### Command-line tool Reference

    sqlite3
    sqldiff
    sqlite3_analyzer

## See also

* Wikibook Microsoft SQL Server
* Wikibook MySQL
* Wikibook Oracle Database
* Wikibook PostgreSQL
* Wikibook Structured Query Language

## External links

* SQLite Tutorial

## References

* ↑ Owens, Michael (2006). "Chapter 4: SQL". In Gilmore, Jason; Thomas, Keir (eds.). The Definitive Guide to SQLite. D. Richard Hipp (foreword), Preston Hagar (technical reviewer). Apress. p. 133. ISBN 978-1-59059-673-9. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
* ↑ "Most Widely Deployed SQL Database Estimates". SQLite.org. Retrieved May 11, 2011.
# Sage/First Steps
## Run
### Commandline Interface

In Ubuntu terminal:

### Notebook Interface

Inside Sage type "notebook" for the browser-based notebook interface.

## Introduction

Sage is based on Python. With some exceptions, all commands are regular Python syntax.

### Very simple calculation

* Numbers
* Symbolic expression
* Evaluate a symbolic expression
# SQLite/Downloading and using
## Downloading

All tools as well as the C-sources and HTML-documentation you need to install sqlite3 on your computer are packed together in an archiveFile on SQLite's downloadPage.

### In following files vv stands for version two digits following "3." uu=update (after ".vv.") and occasionally pp (usually 00) after ".uu."

As of now (12:31, 29 March 2020 (UTC)) vv=31, uu=01, pp=00
* Tools are stored in one or more files depending on your Operating System:

### Android

sqlite-android-3vvuupp.aar

### Linux

* sqlite-tools-linux-x86-3vvuupp.zip

### Mac OS X (x86)

* sqlite-tools-osx-x86-3vvuupp.zip

### Windows

* sqlite-tools-win32-x86-3vvuupp.zip
** zipped 32-bit DLL (x86) for SQLite3vvuupp
** zipped 64-bit DLL (x86) for SQLite3vvuupp

### Universal Windows Platform

* VSIX package of SQLite3vvuupp for uwp

### Windows Phone 8

* Phone 8.0 VSIX package with an extension SDK VS2012 for SQLite3vvuupp
* Phone 8.1 VSIX package with an extension SDK VS2013 for SQLite3vvuupp

### Windows Runtime

* Visual Studio 2012 VSIX package with an extension SDK WinRT for SQLite3vvuupp
* Visual Studio 2013 VSIX package with an extension SDK WinRT 8.1 for SQLite3vvuupp

### .NET

* source code and binaries of SQLite for .NET

### Sources

* Amalgamation of SQLite3vvuupp
* Amalgamation of SQLite3vvuupp + TCL-configuration

### Alternative sources
#### not recommended

* SourceCode of SQLite3vvuupp
* Preprocessed C-sources of SQLite3vvuupp

### Beta sources

* Prerelease tarball of 3.32.0 on 26 March 2020

### Documentation (HTML)

* Documentation as a bundle of static files to read in a webBrowser

## Using

After unzipping and moving the content of the folder(s) under a directory in your %PATH% (or $PATH) you can use the executable sqlite3 from anywhere within your computer system.

## Questions?

For questions, requests etcetera there is a forum.
# Sage

Sage is an open-source mathematical software system.
* Homepage
* Official Documentation
* Download
* Sage on Wikipedia (en)

## Table of Contents

   * First Steps
   * Crash Course
   * Calculus
   * Linear Algebra
   * Graphics
   * Graphics/Plotting 2D
   * Graphics/Plotting 3D

## Motivation

Sage lacks a comprehensive documentation for new users. There are publications, technical documentation and small tutorials. They are good, but it is not possible to enhance them easily. This book should focus on simple examples and good introductions to explain various aspects of Sage, the interface and its underlying language Python. Content should be generated in the spirit of open-source by more experienced users for new users. Anybody should be able to enhance this book to accommodate Sage's expanding range of functionality and enable iterative refinement of already existing material.

## About

This book is a community project. It is open for anybody interested in creating a book about Sage.