OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Polestar/VIN Codes

Polestar uses the following VIN codes and formats:
This VIN number decoding and designation system is used primarily for the North American Market. European and Asian markets use other decoding and designation systems.
This is for vehicles from the stand-alone Polestar brand, which began in the 2020 model year. For Polestar Edition or Polestar Engineered Volvo models, see the Volvo Cars VIN page: Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Volvo/VIN Codes.

## Position 1 - 3: World Manufacturer Identifier

* LPS = Passenger Cars made in China
* YSM = Passenger Cars
* YSR = Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle
* 7SY = Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle made in USA

## Position 4- 5: Engine or Motor Code

Vin Engine
* BE = B4204T25/B4204TSH (HP) '20-'21 Polestar 1. (322 hp [gas] + 299 hp [electric])
Notes:
TSH = Turbocharged & Supercharged Plug-in Hybrid
HP = High Pressure
All-Electric models:
* EA = E400V30 '25- Polestar 3 AWD
* EE = E400V11 '25- Polestar 3 AWD Performance
* ED = E400V6 '21-'23 Polestar 2 AWD (long range)
* EG = E400V9 '22-'23 Polestar 2 FWD (long range)
* ET = E400V35 '23 Polestar 2 AWD (long range) w/Performance Pack, BST Edition 270, BST Edition 230
* FD = E400V26 '24 Polestar 2 AWD (long range)
* FE = E400V20 '24 Polestar 2 RWD (long range)
* FF = E400V36 '25 Polestar 2 AWD (long range) w/standard Performance Pack
* FG = E400V36 '24 Polestar 2 AWD (long range) w/Performance Pack

## Position 6: Emissions Code/Version Divider

* 0 = ULEV ('20-'21 Polestar 1)
* 3 = BEV (Polestar 2, Polestar 3)

## Position 7: Vehicle Code

| | [2020-] |
| A | '25- Polestar 4 |
| K | '21- Polestar 2 |
| Y | '20-'21 Polestar 1 |
| Y | '25- Polestar 3 |

## Position 8: Trim Level, Safety Equipment, GVWR

* A = '21- Polestar 2
* B = '25- Polestar 3
* L = '20-'21 Polestar 1
* 4 = '25- Polestar 4
Polestar 1 & Polestar 2 have 3-Point Seat Belts for all seats & Dual Front Air Bags & Seat-mounted Front Side Airbags & Inflatable Curtain Airbags For 1st and 2nd Rows and Driver's Knee Airbag. Polestar 3 & Polestar 4 have 3-Point Seat Belts for all seats & Dual Front Air Bags & Seat-mounted Front Side Airbags (outboard-side) & Inflatable Curtain Airbags For 1st and 2nd Rows & Driver- and Passenger-side Knee Airbags & Front-row Inner-side airbags.
Polestar 3 & Polestar 4 are GVWR: Class E (6001-7000 lbs.).

## Position 9: Check Digit/Gearbox

USA /Canada Check digit

## Position 10: Year Model Code

See: Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year

## Position 11: Plant of Assembly Code

* B = [China] - Chengdu, Sichuan Province (PSCD - Polestar Chengdu Plant)
* F = [China] - Hangzhou Bay, Zhejiang Province
* G = [United States] Charleston Plant - Ridgeville, South Carolina (Volvo Car US Operations)
* L = [China] - Luqiao District, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province (Volvo AELQ plant)
# Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)

This book was created on December 7th, 2007 for the purpose of keeping the Wikipedia article on VINs under control. It will start off as a consolidation of all VIN-related code tables that were included on Wikipedia.
The final state of this book will most probably consist of the full explanation of VIN-obtainable information, and how to decode said VINs.

## Table of Contents

* Overview
* Vehicle Descriptor Section
** Check digit
* Vehicle Identifier Section
** Model year
* World Manufacturer Identifier (WMI)
* Manufacturer Specific
** Alfa Romeo
** Bugatti
** Chrysler
** Ferrari
** Fiat
** Ford
** GM
** Honda
** Hyundai
** KIA
** Land Rover
** Lamborghini
** Maserati
** Mercedes-Benz
** Mitsubishi
** Nissan
** Peugeot
** Polestar
** Subaru
** Toyota
** Volvo

## Useful External Links

* AIAM 1992 Vehicle Identification Handbook
* AIAM 1993 Vehicle Identification Handbook
* AIAM 1994 Vehicle Identification Handbook
* AIAM 1995 Vehicle Identification Handbook
* AIAM 1996 Vehicle Identification Handbook
* AIAM 1997 Vehicle Identification Handbook
* AIAM 1998 Vehicle Identification Handbook
* AIAM 1999 Vehicle Identification Handbook
* AIAM 2000 Vehicle Identification Handbook
# Algebra/Chapter 15/Introduction to Sequences and Series
## Sequence

Within algebra, a sequence is an ordered list of numbers, called terms. It is often described by an equation or rule. The domain often begins with $n=1$, but doesn't have to. Sequences can be separated into two types, finite and infinite.

#### Finite sequence

A finite sequence is one that has a list of terms in a certain order with a beginning and ending term.
ex: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

#### Infinite sequence

An infinite sequence is a sequence with an indefinite list of terms, this happens when the sequence is extended to all positive integers.
ex: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5,...}

### Writing sequences

When writing sequences there are two formats that are most commonly used, function notation and subscript notation. Function notation is modeled as $a(n)$, subscript notation on the other hand is modeled as $a_{n}$. In both of these notations $n$ denotes the number in the sequence. Both of these notations will elicit the same results.

## Series

A series is the expression formed by adding the terms in a sequence. Much like sequences, series can be split into finite and infinite. A finite series is when the terms of a finite sequence are added together, an infinite series expresses the sum of the terms in an infinite sequence and has an infinite number of addends. This is represented with summation notation (sigma notation)

### Summation notation

$\sum _{k=1}^{n}k$
This is an example of a finite series, breaking it down it can be seen as three separate parts that come together to make up the summation notation. at the top of the $\sum$ (sigma) is the upper limit, the upper limit is where to stop adding terms. At the bottom of the sigma is the lower limit or the starting point where a variable from m to n is equal to our first term. In front of the sigma is a summation term or what is being added together.
# Normative Ethics/Introduction

Most philosophy is based around explaining how things are. Metaphysics is the study of how reality is. Epistemology is the study of what knowledge is. Even meta-ethics is the study of what morality is. But normative ethics is the study of how people ought to behave. It's called that because the questions we answer in normative ethics are normative questions, which pertain to norms and evaluations, as opposed to descriptive questions, which only describe what the world is like.
In this book, we will consider several theories that people have thought up as to how to answer important normative questions. These questions include:
* Is it ever justified to lie?
* Can you sacrifice one person for the greater good?
* Is it ever permissible to violate someone's rights?
* Do "rights" even exist?
* Can you ever be obligated to hurt somebody?
We will also look at the origins of normative ethics, since it has always existed, even if not as an academic field of philosophy. Toward the end, we will try to apply what we have learned about normative ethics to some real-world situations, and we'll leave you with some thought experiments to ponder. I hope you enjoy!
# Mathematical Proof/Methods of Proof/Counterexamples

* Mathematical Proof
* Introduction
* Logical Reasoning
* Notation
* Methods of Proof
* Constructive Proof
* Proof by Contrapositive
* Proof by Contradiction
* Proof by Induction
* Counterexamples
* Appendix
* Answer Key
* Symbols Used in this Book
* Glossary
A proof by counterexample is not technically a proof. It is merely a way of showing that a given statement cannot possibly be correct by showing an instance that contradicts a universal statement. For example, if you are trying to prove the statement "All cheesecakes are baked in Alaska." and you did not know whether to prove it by contrapositive or contradiction, all I would have to do is bake a cheesecake right in front of you here in Texas and then you would know that your efforts had been in vain.
Consider the following statement:
Every set is countable.
Of course a counterexample to this would be the interval from $[0,1]\subset \mathbb {R}$. To show that this interval isn't countable, we assume that it is, so then there is a bijective function $f:\mathbb {N} \rightarrow \mathbb {R}$ since $f$ is bijective we may write the elements of $[0,1]$ in a list here we write the numbers in $[0,1]$ in their decimal expansions.
$f(1)=.b_{(1,1)}b_{(1,2)}b_{(1,3)}b_{(1,4)}\ldots$
$f(2)=.b_{(2,1)}b_{(2,2)}b_{(2,3)}b_{(2,4)}\ldots$
$f(3)=.b_{(3,1)}b_{(3,2)}b_{(3,3)}b_{(3,4)}\ldots$
$\vdots$
For the purposes of the proof, we need each real number to be uniquely defined by a decimal. This is of course true in almost all cases (take .01, for instance... it's equal to .00999999999...). In fact, the cases when it's not true are exactly the cases when the decimal ends in a string of zeros, or "terminates" (a separate proof would be needed for this, but for now accept it as true). Therefore, let the decimals all be in "nonterminating form," so that there's another bijection between the decimal expansions and the real numbers.
Now let $a_{i}=0$ if $b_{(i,i)}$ is odd and 1 if $b_{(i,i)}$ is even. Now I claim that $x=.a_{1}a_{2}a_{3}a_{4}\ldots$ is not listed here. To show this suppose it were then for some $n\in \mathbb {Z} ,f(n)=.b_{(n,1)}b_{(b,2)}\ldots b_{(n,n)}\ldots$ but $a_{n}=0$ if $b_{(n,n)}$ is odd and $a_{n}=1$ if $b_{(n,n)}$, this is not possible so we conclude that $.a_{1}a_{2}a_{3}a_{4}\ldots$ is not in the list, this shows we may not have a surjection from $\mathbb {N} \rightarrow \mathbb {R}$
Although this is a counterexample, we still had to PROVE that it was in fact a counterexample and in doing so used both a proof by contradiction (this was the overall method of the proof) by a construction (of $x=.a_{1}a_{2}a_{3}a_{4}$). Although there may be more than one counterexample to any given false claim, you must always provide by a proof or argument that your counterexample works.
# Final Fantasy VII/Minigames/Snowboarding

In the snowboarding minigame, the goal is to get from the top to the bottom of one of three courses while collecting balloons and avoiding obstacles.
If you manage to get a "great" ranking (over 70 points) on one of the courses you will unlock a new course (The 3 courses being Beginner (A), Expert (B) and Crazy(C)).
Your points are effected by the following:
* Ballons - Blue balloons give you more than red, green more than blue.
* Time - The longer you take the less points you will earn
* Control - For every object you crash into, you will lose points.
Snowboarding can be very helpful for raking up the GP in the gold saucer, then again the GP award from it can be unpredictable so you'd be safer going with something like the submarine game or possibly Chocobo Racing.
# Sport Innovation/Technology In NFL Helmets

Background:
Technology in NFL Helmets
Since July 2011 more than 300 players have joined the lawsuit against the NFL seeking compensation for damages incurred through concussions whilst playing (Vorro, 2011). Helmets were initially created to prevent skull fractures, however it is now known that users get more than skull fractures (Fung, 2011). As is, the long term damage a blunt force impact to the head can cause. The design of helmets have come a long way from no helmets, to the introduction of leather helmets, to the old military style helmets-with a lining of material between the shell and the head with leather ear pads (Machine Design, 2011), to the current polycarbonate shells and now beyond.
Within the new technology being incorporated into new helmet designs are air bladders that can be inflated to fit a player’s exact head shape. The bladders, like air bags are manufactured to hold the head steady during a collision. This enables the head to avoid bouncing off the interior of the helmet – the blunt force that can cause concussions (Beideman, 2010). As well as investigations into materials that exceeds the current polycarbonate shells in terms of strength, durability, and weight.
The NFL players are free to use any approved design within helmets. However it is estimated that within the past season 75% of the helmets used were made by Riddell, 23% by Schutt, 1-2% by Xenith and a handful by Adams USA (Machine Design, 2011). It is the top two companies within the NFL that are famous for their innovation within helmet technology. Below is a brief description of the current technology Riddell is marketing.
Riddell Helmets
FAQ
Conclussion
References
# Ruby on Rails/ActionController/Parameters
## Parameters

Remember the "rendering and redirecting" example you've seen when learning about the view?
You know what the differences between render and redirect_to is. Now we want to take a look at WHAT gets updates. This is determined by given the "update_attributes" method what we want to update: params[:name]. In this example, the data is likely to come from an HTML-Form (therefore a POST request). You can also work with GET requests in the same manner. Rails will handle both requests by using the params command.
When using e.g. check boxes you are likely to get more than one set of data for the same attribute. For example option=1&option=2&option=3. As with the example above, you can work with params[:ids] to get access to these settings. Your options will look like options => {'1','2','3'}
# Using SPSS and PASW/Opening SPSS
## Opening SPSS

There are two ways to open SPSS. The first way is quite simple if the SPSS icon is already on your desktop all you have to do is double click the icon:
Double-clicking the SPSS icon should open the program, as illustrated below:
Alternatively you can open SPSS through the start button on your computer (if you're running Windows). If the SPSS icon is not on your desktop you must go through your computer's Start button. Click “Start” → “All programs” → “SPSS Inc.” From this point if you have more than one version of SPSS on your computer you have to pick the version you are going to open. I am going to use version 16.0. From here click SPSS 16.0 , and finally click the SPSS 16.0 icon. All the steps are shown below in a screen shot:
If you followed the steps above when you click SPSS 16.0 the program should open on your computer.
Chapter contributed by Joseph Ranalli
# The Computer Revolution/Computer Graphics/Soft Copy Proofs

Presenting Soft Copy Proofs
Presentation of art is very important. To all the graphic Designers reading, don’t just send customers or clients that you are billing by the hour just a pdf of how the business card looks. Some of the methods that I use of presenting proofs are listed below.
* If a customer wants some ideas or you notice that his previous design lacks a brand identity, corporate image and so forth, customers or clients could be educated or suggested. Hence never hesitate to suggest ideas to improve their existing art. What I do is instead of designing some thing the exact size I make the page bigger. And make red arrows to point outside the page where I add comments. If I make a change from what the customer desired I will state the reason behind the change and explain the customer what the other thing would do.
* In addition add the colors and fonts used in the bottom, this helps the customer to form his/her brand. For example if the client has to write a letter or make a quick proposal for their client then they can use the same colors and fonts the graphic designer used to create the identity in Microsoft Word ( assuming they have the fonts and similar colors). This helps to differentiate from other designers and gives the client something more than required - a subliminal Corporate Identity.
* In addition, If you are creating a logo for your client, understand the meaning of shapes and ideas and underneath the logo write a short paragraph explain the reason behind the design of the logo, for example smooth curves along fonts and shapes suggest vulnerability, adaptability, solution oriented artistic approach to the corporate look, Example CNN logo incorporates flow of information smoothness, etc. Be wise to mention these details to the client so he/she understands that symbols and graphic creations hold more validity then its just appearance.
* Sending PDFs is important if you are asking the client to check out layout accuracy make sure you tell the client to print the pdf and check and make sure to uncheck “shrink large pages”
* Name pages, other then page 1 or page 2, for example front of brochure, back, show where the folds are or where the perfs are, make a legend or a key in the bottom.
All the details mentioned above don’t take more then 10 minutes, moreover you can make templates of business cards and brochures, etc to incorporate these additional details to save yourself time. It is these tiny details that distinguish your computer design to other designers and adds more credibility and understanding of the design work.
# Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe/Chapter 62

Momma and Poppa Threadgoode are waiting on the porch for Ruth, Idgie and the boys. Poppa tells her not to push Ruth, to let her make up her own mind about staying. When they see how frail she looks, they tell her to stay. She says she will and she never should have left Idgie in the first place. Momma says she is happy Idgie has found such a sweet companion. The next day, she goes back to her maiden name. At first, she is upset when Idgie tells everyone Frank was crushed by an armored truck, but after the baby is born, she is glad.

## Analysis

The importance of family is the theme of this chapter. The Threadgoode's are family to Ruth and welcome her with open arms. She professes her love for Idgie and says she will stay this time. Idgie tells another of her crazy stories when telling everyone in town that Frank Bennett was killed in a rather graphic way, this is more than likely to make Ruth feel better, which ultimately works.
← Chapter 61 · Chapter 63 →
# Wine/Grape Vines
## Vine History and Movement

Humans have cultivated Wine since ancient times. The drink is mentioned quite often by ancient Greeks and Romans, and it also appears in a number of religious texts.

## Vine Lifecyle and Morphology

Grape vines can live for well over 100 years. The number of grapes grown is highest when the vine is under about 20 years old. However some growers insist that older vines give superior grapes.

## Growing Regions

The specific region in which a wine is grown has a noted effect on the resulting grape, and by extension the wines made from it.
* A vineyard in the Champage wine region of France.
* A vineyard in the Burgandy wine region of France.

## Climates

Climate determines where grapes will grow. More than that, climate determines where grapes will merely grow adequately, or where they will excel.

## Soil

Winemakers pay special attention to the soil in which grapes are grown. For example in France the makers of Champagne famously use chalky soil for growing their grapes.

## Vine Diseases

Disease poses a threat to grape vines. This often comes from fungus.
# Beyond Blender Render/Scenes

| previous module: "A Destination" | • Table of Contents |
What are scenes for? Here are the many uses:

## HUD

Do you know what a HUD is? It stands for Heads Up Display and basically has your points, health or whatever you want to be told during gameplay. In Blender you create a separate scene for the HUD and get it to overlay on the gameplay. It looks like a normal HUD... because it is!

## Too Bad, You Lost!

Don't you want consolation in a game when you lose? Add another scene and write something funny, sympathizing or weird.

## Surprise, You Won!

If you won you want to be told that you have and maybe some of the variables giving you that win. Another scene and you're in business.

## The Game Is Paused

You want pause menus? When you press the button it will bring up a scene that displays your options.
# World of Warcraft/Grouping

Groups allow a team of players to work together and share experience and loot.
The first place that you may want to use a group is a quest that requires you to kill a bunch of something. As a group you will kill them faster and all of you will get the quest credit for killing them. Another good time to group is when there are a bunch of players all waiting for the same monster to respawn so they can kill it for a quest.

## Creating a group

You can form a group just by right clicking on another player's portrait and selecting invite from the dropdown menu. Or type /invite followed by the player's name.
A group can be from 2 to 5 players, if you want to have more than 5 players start a group, and then convert to a Raid group.

## Party chat

Members of a group can chat privately with each other by typing /p and then the message.

## Buffs

Groups also share some buffs like Aspect of the Pack, Aspect of the Wild, and Blood pact.

## Locating your group

Member locations show on both the mini map and the world map.

## Loot options

There are 5 options for looting:
* Round Robin
* Free-For-All
* Master Looter
* Group Loot (default)
* Need Before Greed

## Party roles

* Puller
Pulls one mob out for the rest to kill.
* Tank
Takes the damage from the mob.
* Healer
Keeps the tank healed.
* DPS (Damage)
Kills the mob
# Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe/Chapter 26

This chapter takes place in Whistle Stop on July 18, 1924. (Page 83) Ruth is awakened to Idgie knocking on her bedroom window. She invites Ruth on a picnic. When Ruth suggests they ask her sisters to come, Idgie tells Ruth she wants her all to herself. Besides, she already asked them and they don't want to go. Idgie tells Ruth she will meet her in the car, but doesn't mention that she stole Julian's keys and wants to be gone before he wakes up.
Idgie leads Ruth to an old oak tree and makes her promise not to tell anyone what she is about to see. Idgie walks up to the tree with a jar in her hand and sticks her arm into the hole in the tree. After being covered with swarming bees, she walks slowly back to Ruth. By the time she gets back to Ruth, the bees have flown away & Idgie is completely unharmed & offers the honey to Ruth. Ruth, however, breaks down crying, telling Idgie that she thought that she had gotten killed. Idgie apologies to Ruth & tells her that she didn't mean to scare her & tells her that she does this all the time & that she never gets stung. Ruth then hugs Idgie, telling her that she wouldn't know what to do if she had lost her & calls Idgie a bee charmer; the two then have there picnic.

## Analysis

This chapter is the turning point for the relationship between Ruth & Idgie, up until now Ruth has been suppressing her true feelings for Idgie, putting them to just friends or sisterly. However, she is terrified the moment she thinks that Idgie may be dead & when she sees that Idgie is alive she hugs Idgie & tells her that she doesn't know what she would do if she lost her.
The two young girls then begin to have a romantic picnic, all the while Ruth seems to slowly become more & more aware of her feelings for Idgie, which seems to scare her more than anything.
← Chapter 25 · Chapter 27 →