OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Women's Health/Pain
## Pelvic Pain

* Cervical motion tenderness
* Endometrial biopsy
* Endometriosis of ovary
* Follicular cyst of ovary
* Female genital prolapse
* Genital modification and mutilation
* Ginshi cutting
* Folliculitis
* Contact dermatitis
* Bartholin gland cyst
* Lichen simplex chronicus
* Lichen sclerosus
* Lichen planus
* Vaginal dryness
* Vulvar skin cracks and bleeds
* labial trauma
* Mittelschmerz
* Ovarian apoplexy
* Ovarian cyst
* Pelvic inflammatory disease
* Rape
* Vaginismus
* Vesico-uterine pouch
* Vulvodynia
* Vulvar vestibulitis
* Vaginal bleeding
* Vulvectomy

## References

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Disorders of the Vulva: Common Causes of Vulvar Pain, Burning, and Itching". American Congress of Obstatricians and Gynecologists. 2016. Retrieved 2016-01-31.

#### Medical Disclaimer

The medical information provided on Wikibooks is, at best, of a general nature and cannot substitute for the advice of a medical professional (for instance, a qualified doctor/physician, nurse, pharmacist/chemist, and so on). Wikibooks is not a doctor.
None of the individual contributors, system operators, developers, sponsors of Wikibooks nor anyone else connected to Wikibooks can take any responsibility for the results or consequences of any attempt to use or adopt any of the information presented on this web site.
# Women's Health/Endocrinology of Lactation

Hyperprolactinaemia, or excess serum prolactin, is associated with hypoestrogenism, anovulatory infertility, oligomenorrhoea, amenorrhoea, unexpected lactation, and loss of libido in women, and erectile dysfunction and loss of libido in men.
| 1. Physiological Coitus Exercise Lactation Pregnancy Sleep Stress Anesthetics Anticonvulsant Antihistamines (H2) Antihypertensives Cholinergic agonist Drug-induced hypersecretion Catecholamine depletor Dopamine receptor blockers Dopamine synthesis inhibitor Estrogens Oral contraceptives Oral contraceptive withdrawal Neuroleptics Antipsychotics Neuropeptides Opiates and opiate antagonists | 3. Pathological Hypothalamic-pituitary stalk damage Granulomas Infiltrations Irradiation Rathke's cyst Trauma Pituitary stalk resection Suprasellar surgery Tumors Craniopharyngioma Germinoma Hypothalamic metastases Meningioma Suprasellar pituitary mass extension Surgery Pituitary Acromegaly Idiopathic Lymphocytic hypophysitis or parasellar mass Macroadenoma (compressive) Macroprolactinemia Plurihumoral adenoma Prolactinoma Systemic disorders Chest-neurologic chest wall trauma Herpes Zoster Chronic renal failure Cirrhosis Cranial radiation Epileptic seizures Polycystic ovarian disease Pseudocyesis Chronic low levels of thyroid hormone |

## References

* ↑ Melmed S, Kleinberg D 2008 Anterior pituitary. 1n: Kronenberg HM, Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR, eds. Willams textbook of endocrinology. 11th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 185-261
# Solar System/Ceres

Ceres (pronounced as "series") is the only dwarf planet in the asteroid belt. It is the smallest recognized dwarf planet and contains 32% of the total mass of the asteroid belt. It was discovered in January 1, 1801 by Giuseppe Piazzi. Ceres was originally called a planet, later it was classified as an asteroid and then it was finally classified as a dwarf planet in 2006 by the International Astronomical Union(IAU).

## Orbit

Ceres is located in the main asteroid belt, between Mars and Jupiter, at an average distance of 2.77 AU from the Sun. Its orbital eccentricity is 0.08, and it takes 4.60 Earth-years to orbit the Sun. Its orbit is tilted 10.58° relative to Earth's orbit.

## Rotation

Ceres rotates about its axis once every 9 hours 4 minutes.
# Solar System/Pluto

Pluto was the first trans-Neptunian object to be discovered, and is the second largest one currently known. Its diameter is 2320 km, making it just 0.67 times the size of Earth's moon. Pluto's rotational period is 6.39 Earth-days. If you stood on the surface of Pluto, you would weigh only 6% as much as you do on Earth.

## A Belated Discovery

Pluto was discovered on February 18, 1930 by Clyde Tombaugh as a planet. However, in 2006, Pluto is no longer a planet and is classified as a dwarf planet.

## Satellites

The known satellites of Pluto are Charon, Nix, Hydra, Kerberos and Styx. Charon (pronounced like either Sharon or Karen) has almost exactly half the diameter of Pluto, making the pair essentially a double dwarf planet. Charon is only 12,200 miles (19,640 km) distant from its planet.

## Orbit

Pluto's orbit is both highly eccentric (that is, far from being circular) and highly tilted relative to the orbital plane of Earth. Its eccentricity is 0.2482 (with 0.00 being circular and 1.00 being infinitely eccentric). Its orbital plane is tilted 17.15° from that of Earth. Pluto orbits the Sun in 248.54 Earth-years, at a distance from the Sun that averages 39.53 AU but ranges from 29.65 AU to 50.30 AU (where one AU—astronomical unit—is one Earth distance from the Sun). Thus Pluto spends part of its orbit closer to the Sun than the outermost planet, Neptune (which is always at least 29.80 AU from the Sun), although the two never come at all close to each other.

## Gallery

* Haze of the atmosphere of Pluto.
* Closeup of Pluto
* Ice at Sputnik Planum.
* Water Ice detected on Pluto.
* Moons of Pluto
* Pluto and Charon.
* Charon
# Solar System/Makemake

Makemake, formally designated (136472) Makemake, was discovered in Mar 31 2005 by M.E. Brown, C.A. Trujillo, and D.Rabinowitz at Palomar Observatory. It is the third largest known dwarf planet (after Eris and Pluto) and is the second largest known object in the Kuiper belt (after Pluto).

## Orbit

Makemake averages 45.79 AU from the Sun, with an orbital eccentricity of 0.16. Its orbit is tilted 28.96° from that of Earth. Makemake takes 309.88 Earth-years to orbit the Sun.

## Rotation

Makemake rotates about its axis once every 7.77 hours.
# Solar System/Haumea

Haumea (pronounced how-MAY-uh) is a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt, making it a plutoid. It is one-third as massive as Pluto. It is very probably shaped as an ellipsoid despite having collapsed under its own gravity into an equilibrium shape (a requirement for a dwarf planet); the non-spherical shape is due to the unknown but extremely rapid rate of rotation. An estimate of its dimensions is 1960 × 1518 × 996 kilometers.

## Orbit

Haumea orbits the Sun with an average distance of 43.13 AU and an orbital eccentricity of 0.20. Its plane of revolution is inclined by 28.22° to that of Earth. Haumea's orbital period is 283.28 years.
# Solar System/Eris

Eris (pronounced EAR-us or AIR-us) is the largest known dwarf planet in the solar system, with a diameter of about 2500 kilometers and a mass that is 27% greater than Pluto's. It was first spotted in January 2005. Eris's orbit is beyond the Kuiper belt.

## Classification

Since Eris orbits beyond the orbit of Neptune, it is a trans-Neptunian object. Since it is a trans-Neptunian dwarf planet, it is a plutoid.

## Orbit

It takes Eris 557 years to orbit the sun. The orbit is highly elliptical, with an aphelion 97.5 AU from the Sun but a perihelion only 37.9 AU from the Sun. Its orbit is tilted by 44° relative to Earth's orbit.

## Physical characteristics

Methane is known to be present on Eris.

## Satellite

Eris has only one known moon, Dysnomia, which has an estimated diameter of between 100 and 250 kilometers.
# Solar System/Sedna

Sedna is a planetoid that is currently classified as being in the scattered disc of objects that overlaps and extends beyond the Kuiper belt, although some astronomers believe it may actually be part of the Oort cloud. It is not yet known whether Sedna has been made spherical by its own gravity; if this is eventually determined to be the case, it will be classified as a dwarf planet.

## Orbit

Sedna has a highly elongated orbit, with an orbital eccentricity of 0.85. Its distance from the Sun ranges from 76.36 AU at perihelion to 960.78 AU at aphelion, with an average of 518.57 AU. Its orbit is tilted 11.93° relative to Earth's. It takes Sedna 11,809 Earth-years to revolve once around the Sun.

## Rotation

Sedna's rotational period is the subject of substantial uncertainty, but may be about 10 hours.
# Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Nxe5/3...Nxe5/4. d4

4. d4
White has unwinged the main line of the Irish Gambit, known as the Chicago Gambit. Black has 2 moves:
4...Ng6
The main line. White either plays 5. c4 or sometimes plays 5. e5 to continue the offensive.
4...Nc6?!
The Kann Variation. Most computers are not fond with this as the offensive push continues with 5. d5! to destroy Black's systems.
# Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...a6/4. Ba4/4...Bd6

4...Bd6: Neo-Steinitz Defense
Black instates the Neo-Steinitz Defense by playing 4...Bd6 in the Ruy Lopez. Unlike most main lines of the Ruy Lopez, this is considered way too off-beat for Black in high-level play, but is credited as a steamroller for beginners. Before we learn about its pros and cons, there is one more note of interest: most games with this come from the Morphy Defense, but some derive from Bd6 first, and then a6.
Pros
Flexibility: The Neo-Steinitz Defense is good for defending against most lines white usually does, like d4 or c6. The main idea of the Neo-Steinitz Defense is to get all of your pieces off the back rank to castle (usually queenside but some sidelines involving King side castling) and relieve pressure.
Space: Another idea that Black thinks about playing this variation is reducing tension in terms of space. Usually Black plans to play d6, hence the name "Neo-Steinitz Defense."
Cons
Central Strike with f4: There is no way to stop good counterplay with f4 when White plays d3 and Ng5, where White plays f4. I would recommend f6 instead of exf4 because your Knight become useless as a roadblock.
Evans Gambit style with 5. b4: One dangerous sideline of the Neo-Steinitz Defense that beginners need to look out for is 5. b4 and transpose into an Evans Gambit. I recommend taking the pawn and retreating back to d6 after 6. c3.
Conclusion
This is good for defense, but it forgets to attack.
# St. George Defence
### 2...b5

White should now start to defend his pawn center. He cannot play Nc3 because of b4 but he can play 3. Nf3 or 3. Bd3. As little theory is available on this position, it's hard to tell whether there are other good moves. 3. g3 sounds interesting as well as 3. f4 or 3. c4.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
'1.e4 a6 2.d4 b5'
| | 3 |
| Main line | Nf3 - | = |
| | Bd3 - | = |
| Three Pawns Attack | c4 - | = |
| Eagle Attack | a4 - | = |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
# Writing Adolescent Fiction/Character names/Danish
## Surnames
### Top 20

* Nielsen
* Jensen
* Hansen
* Pedersen
* Andersen
* Christensen
* Larsen
* Sørensen
* Rasmussen
* Jørgensen
* Petersen
* Madsen
* Kristensen
* Olsen
* Thomsen
* Christiansen
* Poulsen
* Johansen
* Møller
* Mortensen
# Interesting social sciences

A society as the progressively developing open system constructed on the relations of conflict and control between different personality types.
Staricov Valery Vladimirovich.
This textbook is an abstract version of my textbook Валерий Стариков Интересное обществознание on Russian Wikibooks https://w.wiki/9GF2
The chapter on economics has been written on base of textbook “Economics” by Igor Vladimirovich Lipsic and this chapter has been redacted by this author.
    Introduction
    My theory of interrelation between social conflict and social control
    Anthropology
Psychology
    Psychology
    Theory of personality types
    The theory of systems
Philosophy
    History of the philosophy
    The philosophical foundations of my theory of the interrelation between social conflict and social control
Sociology
    Sociology
    Body language and symbolic interactionism
    Methods of a sociological research
    Sociology of revolution
    Macrosociology
    Geographical direction in sociology
    Social Darwinism
    Sociometry and small groups
    Psychology of crowd
    Social organization
    Functions of the family
    Social mobility, inequality and stratification
    Deviant behavior
Political science
    Political science
    The theory of war
    Forms of Government
    Political regimes
    Utopia is at power. Forecasts and results of the Communist experiment
    The essence of totalitarianism
    The essence of principle for the separation of powers.
    Forms of territorial arrangement. Sovereign democracy in Russia
    Political parties
    The essence of social utopia
    Political elite
    Machiavelli about ways of armed seizure of power
    The theory of evolution in physics, biology and sociology
    Demography
    Ethnosociology
    Jurisprudence
    Economics
    Global and environmental issues
    Ethics
    Sociology of religion. Mechanism of religious control.
    Cultural studies
    Pedagogy. School
    Science
    Conclusion
    Glossary of terms
# Occupational Health/Risk Analysis
## Swiss cheese model

One field where the Swiss cheese model is used extensively is in spacecraft. In space, NASA is unable to service spacecraft, so redundant systems, and processes, have to be built in so the mission is 100% successful in not being inoperative.
The same margin of error applies to society as well.

## Hierarchy of hazard controls (NIOSH)

The origins of the hierarchy of controls are unknown currently, but the first mention, from what is known so far, comes from a TB guide published by NIOSH in 1992. The CDC and NIOSH took a precautionary approach due to the unknowns regarding surgical mask and respirator effectiveness. It wasn't good, and resulted in the creation of 42 CFR 84, but that's a story for another time.

## More information

* NASA swiss cheese model

### On Wikipedia

* Swiss cheese model
* Hierarchy of hazard controls
# History of video games/Platforms/Exent GameTanium
## History
### General

The Exent GameTanium was an Android subscription based service for television oriented gaming. The service would have offered an "All-you-can-eat" style service for $5 a month, with a free three day trial available at launch to attract users. This model is similar to many notable streaming services of the late 2010s onwards. The service would have also offered "trophies" for gamers seeking to share their achivements.
A partnership was made with FXI Cotton Candy devices. These were small Android computers contained in a stick formfactor.

### Launch

The service launched on Android based tablets on February 26, 2012. The service expanded exclusively to Verizon Wireless smartphones and tablets by July 13th, 2012, at a price of $5.99 a month.

### Legacy

There is little written about the Exent GameTanium outside of 2012 and 2013.

## Games

* Baseball Superstars
* Doodle God
* Fruit Ninja
* T-Racer HD
* World of Goo

## References

* ↑ "Exent GameTanium for TV turns Android smartphones into game consoles". SlashGear. 26 February 2013. https://www.slashgear.com/exent-gametanium-for-tv-turns-android-smartphones-into-game-consoles-26271531/.
* 1 2 Alexander, Leigh (18 July 2011). "Interview: Exent Unveils Subscription Game Distro For Android" (in en). Game Developer. https://www.gamedeveloper.com/business/interview-exent-unveils-subscription-game-distro-for-android.
* 1 2 3 4 5 "Exent's GameTanium Mobile™ Launches on Android Tablets" (in en). www.prnewswire.com. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/exents-gametanium-mobile-launches-on-android-tablets-140469093.html.
* ↑ "FXI and Exent Enable GameTanium™ on Cotton Candy for Android Gaming on TV" (in en). www.businesswire.com. 26 February 2012. https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20120226005079/en/FXI-and-Exent-Enable-GameTanium%E2%84%A2-on-Cotton-Candy-for-Android-Gaming-on-TV.
* ↑ "FXI's Cotton Candy: it's a dual-core Android PC on a USB stick (hands-on pictures)" (in en). The Verge. 17 November 2011. https://www.theverge.com/2011/11/17/2570060/fxis-cotton-candy-usb.
* 1 2 3 "Verizon Wireless Introduces GameTanium&#153;: First Game Subscription App For Android&#153; Devices Offering Unlimited Game Play" (in en). www.verizon.com. 13 July 2012. https://www.verizon.com/about/news/vzw/2012/07/pr2012-07-12b.
# Jonesboro, Arkansas/Geography

Nestled in the northeastern corner of Arkansas, Craighead County borders the Missouri Bootheel. Jonesboro — which measures about 208.4 square kilometers (80.5 square miles) — is located atop Crowley's Ridge, "a geological formation" situated 76 to 170 meters (250 to 550 miles) above the Mississippi embayment alluvial plain.
Craighead County borders Lawrence County to the northwest, Greene County to the north, Mississippi County to the east, Poinsett County to the south, and Jackson County to the southwest. It also borders Dunklin County, Missouri to the northeast.
* 1 2 3 4 "Crowley's Ridge", Wikipedia, 2023-11-08, retrieved 2024-10-11
* ↑ "Crowley'S Ridge Parkway - Missouri". Recreation.gov. Retrieved 11 October 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
# Quantum Chemistry/Integration by change of variables

When computing integrals, an effective way to turn a complex integral of the form $\int f(g(x))g'(x)dx$ into a more simple function is by using the technique of "change of variables" (or substitution). This technique works by simplifying an integral by introducing a new variable, $u$ for $g(x)$. This method is most effective when the integral contains a function with known derivatives, or easy to work out derivatives as this process utilizes the chain rule. The general steps for the change of variables technique are as follows;
* Choose your substitution, $u=g(x)$: Identify which part of the function to be integrated you'd like to substitute for the variable $u$. The substituted portion should have a derivative, $du$, which is similar to (ie. a multiple of) the rest of the integral.
* Compute the derivative, ${du \over dx}=g'(x)$: Find the derivative of the chosen part of the function with respect to $x$, then rearrange the expression to express the derivative of your new variable, $du$ in terms of $dx$, $du=g'(x)dx$.
* Substitution of the new variable: Replace the original function in terms of $x$ and $dx$ with your new function in terms of $u$ and $du$. This step should work to simplify the integral by replacing a part of the original function with $u$ and replacing $dx$ with a multiple of $du$.
* Compute your new integral: Solve the new, simplified integral in terms of the substituted variable, $u$.
* Substitution of the original variable: Replace the new variable with the original function, $u=g(x)$.
Example
$\int \sin(x)\cos(x)dx$
1. Choose your substitution, $u=g(x)$. In this case, you should notice that the derivative of $g(x)=\sin(x)$ with respect to $x$ gives a multiple of the rest of the integral. The most effective substitution for this case is therefore,
$u=g(x)=\sin(x)$
2. Compute the derivative, ${du \over dx}=g'(x)$. In this case, where $u=\sin(x)$, you would use the known derivative via trigonometric identities to compute the derivative. Then the derivative should be rearranged to give $du$ in terms of $dx$;
${du \over dx}=g'(x)=\cos(x)$
$du=\cos(x)dx$
3. Substitution of the new variable: In this case, the variable $u$ will replace $\sin(x)$, and $du$ will replace $\cos(x)dx$.
$\int \sin(x)\cos(x)dx=\int udu$
4. Compute your new integral: In this case, the integral is solved by using the power rule.
$\int udu={u^{2} \over 2}+C$
5. Substitution of the original variable: Substitute $u=g(x)=\sin(x)$ back into the function.
${u^{2} \over 2}+C={\sin ^{2}(x) \over 2}+C$
# Fortran/Fortran simple input and output

C. PROGRAM TO EVALUATE SUM OF FINITE SERIES

## Default output

A Fortran program reads from standard input or from a file using the read statement, and it can write to standard output using the print statement. With the write statement one can write to standard output or to a file. Before writing to a file, the file must be opened and assigned a unit number with which the programmer may reference the file. If one wishes to use the write statement to write a statement to the default output, the syntax is write(*,*). It is used as follows:
This code writes "Hello World!" to the default output (usually standard output, the screen), similar to if one had used the print *, statement.

## File output

As a demonstration of file output, the following program reads two integers from the keyboard and writes them and their product to an output file:
The file "results.txt" will contain these lines:
Each print or write statement on a new line by default starts printing on a new line. For example:
Prints, to standard output:
If one had put "Hello World!" in one print statement, the text "Hello World!" would have appeared on one line.
# Python Programming/Email

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Python includes several modules in the standard library for working with emails and email servers.

## Sending mail

Sending mail is done with Python's smtplib using an SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) server. Actual usage varies depending on complexity of the email and settings of the email server, the instructions here are based on sending email through Google's Gmail.
The first step is to create an SMTP object, each object is used for connection with one server.
The first argument is the server's hostname, the second is the port. The port used varies depending on the server.
Next, we need to do a few steps to set up the proper connection for sending mail.
These steps may not be necessary depending on the server you connect to. ehlo is used for ESMTP servers, for non-ESMTP servers, use helo instead. See Wikipedia's article about the SMTP protocol for more information about this. The starttls function starts Transport Layer Security mode, which is required by Gmail. Other mail systems may not use this, or it may not be available.
Next, log in to the server:
Then, send the mail:
Note that this is a rather crude example, it doesn't include a subject, or any other headers. For that, one should use the email package.

## The email package

Python's email package contains many classes and functions for composing and parsing email messages, this section only covers a small subset useful for sending emails.
We start by importing only the classes we need, this also saves us from having to use the full module name later.
Then we compose some of the basic message headers:
Next, we attach the body of the email to the MIME message:
For sending the mail, we have to convert the object to a string, and then use the same procedure as above to send using the SMTP server..
If we look at the text, we can see it has added all the necessary headers and structure necessary for a MIME formatted email. See MIME for more details on the standard:
* The full text of our example message
* >>> print text
* Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="===============1893313573=="
* MIME-Version: 1.0
* From: you@gmail.com
* To: target@example.com
* Subject: Python email
* --===============1893313573==
* Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
* MIME-Version: 1.0
* Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
* Python test mail
* --===============1893313573==--
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