OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Quechua

Quechua (Runasimi) is an American aborigen language native to South America and related to Aymará, both members of the Quechumaran linguistic stock. It was the official language of the Tawantinsuyu (Inca Empire), and today is spoken in various dialects by some 8 to 13 million people throughout South America. The language's dominion spans the entire South American continent starting as far north as southern Colombia and Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia, and northwestern Argentina and northern Chile. The dialect as it is spoken in Colombia and Ecuador is known as Quichua (Runashimi), and because of its frequent unintelligibility with the main branch of the language, it borders on being classed as separate. Despite this, all dialects are nonetheless considered a single tongue, consequently making it the most widely spoken of all South America languages in the Americas.
The language was extended beyond the limits of the empire by the Catholic Church, which chose it to preach to Indians in the Andes area. It has, along with Spanish and Aymará, the status of an official language in both Peru and Bolivia. Before the arrival of the Spaniards and the introduction of the Latin alphabet, Quechua had no written alphabet. It did have a system of accountance with khipu-strings.
Quechua is a very regular language, but a large number of infixes and suffixes change both the overall significance of words and their subtle shades of meaning, allowing great expressiveness. It includes grammatical features such as bipersonal conjugation and conjugation dependent on mental state and veracity of knowledge, spatial and temporal relationships, and many cultural factors.
A number of Quechua loanwords have entered English via Spanish, including coca, condor, guano, gaucho, jerky, inca, llama, pampa, and potato. The word lagniappe comes from the Quechua word nyap ("something extra") with the article la in front of it, la ñapa, in Spanish.

## Introduction

* Pronunciation

## A1 lessons

* Lesson 1
* Exercise 1
* Answers to exercise 1

## A2 lessons

* Lesson
* Exercises
* Answers to exercises

## Wordlist

* English to Quechua word list

## Useful sites

* Quechua Wiktionary
* Quechua Wikipedia
* Disputed Issues in Quechua
* Quechua Alphabets: Which is Right?
# Hawaiian

<Languages of Oceania
Welcome to the Hawaiian Wikibook, a free textbook on the Hawaiian language!
Don't forget to have a look at the Wikipedia written in Hawaiian.

## Contents

This series is designed to teach you everything you need to know about ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi, the Hawaiian Language. In each chapter, you will learn a little bit to broaden your understanding of the language, and will be able to speak it fluently in no time at all. Assuming that you know nothing about the language, I recommend you start with the introduction, learning a little about the Hawaiian language, then proceeding to Lesson One, not necessarily jumping right in and teaching you an overwhelming amount of words, but just explaining the general things that you will need to know as a foundation for this beautiful language. Those things that will be taught in Lesson One will be carried on in later lessons, and will constantly remind you of the grammar until you know it by heart.

### Lessons/Nā haʻawina

Introduction – ʻŌlelo hoʻākāka
* About Hawaiian – E pili ana i ka ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi
* Pronunciation and Letters
Beginners Start Here
* Lesson One
    Lesson One, Part Two
    Lesson One Self Test
* Lesson Two
    Lesson Two Quiz
More Sentence Structures- Pepeke
* Lesson Three - He Aha Sentences (noun-noun)
    Lesson Three Self Test
* Lesson Four - Basic Verb Sentences (noun-verb)
** Negative
Verbs
* Lesson Five - Verbs
** Tenses
Beyond the Beginning
    This section is for those who have gone through the above lessons and understand everything they have studied. These next lessons are for those who want extra learning and/or practice with their Hawaiian language studies, contain general information about nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, etc. and are designed to expand the learner's vocabulary with the language. Each lesson has three parts, so feel free to skip around to any particular section that looks interesting to you. You may go through it in order, backwards, every other one, every other five — I prefer in order — but these were designed to be read through in no particular order. Explore to your heart's delight, and happy learning!
* Lesson Six
* Numbers
* School Materials
* Occupations
* Lesson Seven
* Around the House
* Countries and Nationalities
* Nature Terms
* Lesson Eight
* Food
* Shopping
* At the Beach
* Lesson Nine
* Cleaning
* Weather
* Time
* Lesson Ten
* Around Town
* Clothing
* Body Parts
* Lesson Eleven
* Adjectives
* Prepositions and Transitions
* Adverbs
* Lesson Twelve
* Questions and Answers
* Lesson Thirteen

#### Lesson Texts / Nā haʻawina

* Lesson 1 – Haʻawina ʻekahi
# Samoan
## Table of Contents

* Alphabet
* Greeting
* Phrases
* Sentences
* Vocabulary
* Adjectives
* Verbs
# Cocos Malay travel phrasebook

The Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Pulu Kokos (Keeling)) are a group of islands in the Indian Ocean administered by Australia. People like to travel to the islands all the time. With unique wildlife, beaches and culture, it's a popular tourist destination. But when travelling to the islands, you may find that English is not everyone's first language. The main language is Cocos Malay. While the locals do speak English, it's always good to learn a few basic phrases before visiting. So, I've compiled a multilingual phrasebook of Cocos Malay phrases useful for travel. Enjoy!
Inspired by the Tok Pisin dictionary on Wikibooks.

## Contents

* Preface
* Bikol
* English
* Esperanto
* Finnish
* French
* Hebrew
* Indonesian
* Malay
* Russian
* Spanish
* Tagalog
* Ukrainian
* Authors & Contributors
# Fijian

Fijian is an Austronesian language spoken mainly in the Fiji Islands and is part of the Malayo-Polynesian family.

## Contents
### Introduction

* Alphabet and pronunciation
* Common phrases

### Grammar

* Nouns
* Adjectives
* Adverbs
* Verbs
* Numerals
* Pronouns
* Prepositions
* Possessives
* Classifier
* Time

### Appendix

* Vocabulary

## See also

Wikipedia article about the Fijian language Main page of the Fijian language version of Wikipedia
# Hamtai (Kapau) Language

<Languages of Oceania
A Guide to the Hamtai (Kapau) Language
Hamtai is a language spoken by 45,000 people in the Morobe Province of Papua New Guinea.

### Phonetics

* Consonants
* Vowels
* Tones
* Review of Hamtai Phonetics

### Simple Sentences

* Simple ''ti'' sentences
** Verb particles
** Noun class
** Nouns with attributive nouns
** Adjectives
** Suffixes
* Possessive ''ti'' sentences
** Possessive pronouns and affixes/
** Relational affixes
* Non ''ti'' sentences
** Verb stems
** Primary verbs
** Moods and tenses

### References

* ↑ Hamtai at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
# Tahitian

Tahitian is an Eastern Polynesian language spoken mainly in the Society Islands, French Polynesia, Pacific Ocean.

## Contents
### Introduction

* Alphabet and pronunciation
* Greetings
* Phrases
* Vocabulary
* Weather
* Date

### Grammar

* Articles
* Possessives
* Determiners
* Prepositions
* Conjunctions
* Verbs
* Adjectives
* Adverbs
* Questions

## See also

Wikipedia article about the Tahitian language
# Tongan
## Table of Contents

* Greeting
* Phrases
* Adjectives
* Vocabulary
# Classical Nahuatl
## Classical Nahuatl Wikibook

Welcome to the Classical Nahuatl Wikibook. Here you can learn the language that was spoken by the Aztecs in the valley of Mexico at the time of the Spanish Conquest and during the subsequent centuries, which has survived through a multitude of written sources written by Nahuas and Spaniards.
Nochi tlacameh huan cihuameh quipiah manoh cuali tlacaticeh, nochi zan ce totlatechpohuiltiliz huan titlatepanitalohqueh, yeca monequi cuali ma timohuicacah, ma timoicnelicah, ma timotlazohtlacah huan ma timotlepanitacah.
Translation: All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. (Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

## Courses

* About Nahuatl
* Pronunciation
* Grammar
* Common Words
* Verb List
* Pronouns
* Noun List
* Comparison Words
* Question Words
* Conjunctions
* verb: to want
* Example Sentences
* Incorporation of Foreign Words

## Reference

* Appendix: Numbers
* Common phrases
# Haitian Creole
## Aprann Kreyòl Ayisyen

Haitian Creole (kreyòl ayisyen), often called simply Creole or Kreyòl (pronounced [kɰejɔl]), is a language spoken by about ten million people residing in the Bahamas, Cuba, Canada, Cayman Islands, Dominican Republic, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Belize, Puerto Rico, and the mainland United States. The language is notable for being the most widely spoken creole language in the world.
Haitian Creole is one of Haiti's two official languages, along with French. It is a creole based largely on 18th-century French with various other influences, most notably African languages (including some Arabic), as well as Spanish and Taíno (language native to Haiti) — and increasingly English. If you are already familiar with French, this language should be easy for you.
Partly due to efforts of Félix Morisseau-Leroy, since 1961 Haitian Creole has been recognized as an official language along with French, which had been the sole literary language of the country since its independence in 1804. The official status was maintained under the country's 1987 constitution. The use of Creole in literature has been small but is increasing. Morisseau was one of the first and most influential authors to write in Creole. Since the 1980s, many educators, writers and activists have emphasized pride and written literacy in Creole. Today numerous newspapers, as well as radio and television programs, are produced in Creole.
Haitian Creole is easy to learn because:
* Words rarely inflect. No conjugation, no declension.
* It has many cognates with English, and even more with French.

## Lessons

It is recommended to do these in order.
* Alphabet and pronunciation
* Basic vocabulary
* Basic grammar
* Articles
* Vocabulary Review on Wikiversity
* The verb se
* Verb tenses
* Numbers
* A thing to read
* Question words
* Negative words
* Telling time

### Appendices

* Development of HC words from French

## External links

* Haitian Creole Wikipedia
* Ann pale kreyòl
* Haitian Creole – English Dictionary, by Targète & Urciolo
# Louisiana French

| | This project aims to teach French as it is used in Louisiana. Mainly this text will focus on Cajun French. |
| | Chapter 1 - Introduction An introduction to the French language in Louisiana and the focus of this book. |
| | Chapter 2 - Grammar and Pronunciation An introduction on Cajun French grammar and pronunciation. |
| | Chapter 3 - Greetings Common greetings in Cajun French as well as conversation starters. |
| | Chapter 4 - Time How to tell time, look at a calendar, and say when events are. |
| | Chapter 5 - An Introduction to Verbs How to talk using action words in the present tense. |
| | Chapter 6 - Verbs and Tenses How to talk about what happened in the past, present, and future. |
| | Chapter 7 -Good-Byes How to say good bye in several different manners. |
| Bibliography A list of sources used to author this book. |
# Tokelauan
## Table of Contents

* Greeting
* Phrases
* Sentences
* Vocabulary
# Navajo

Welcome to the Navajo language Wikibook. This book is in progress. Please contribute to make a really good book on the Navajo language.

## Table of Contents

* Alphabet: Reading Navajo
* Grammar: Number
* Grammar: Word and Sentence Structure
* Dialogue: Introductions
* Dialogue: Shopping
* Dialogue: Herding
# Mohawk

| | The Mohawk Language - Kanien’kéha Welcome! or should I say, Tekwanonwerá:tons, to the Mohawk Wikibook! Whether you're here to learn your heritage by learning your language, or to learn the language because a friend of yours speaks it, or because you live in a Mohawk community and would like to learn the local language, you've come to the right place. Mohawk is an Iroquoian language with unique pronunciation and a predictable and simple set of rules for reading. |
| Table of Contents - Tsi Nahò:ten Kahiatónnion ||
| Part 1: The Mohawk Alphabet (Kanien'kéha Iewennonniá:tha) Lesson 1: Vowels Lesson 2: Consonants Lesson 3: Mohawk Numbers Exercize A: Pronunciation Review Part 2: Greetings and Basic Vocabulary Lesson 1: Hello, How Are You? Exercize 2: Practice Conversation Lesson 2: Meet The Family Lesson 3: The Animals Lesson 4: Introducing Friends Exercize 3: Greetings Vocabulary Review Appendix I: Phrases (Owenna’shón:a) Appendix II: Resources For Extended Learning ||
# Powhatan

Welcome to the Powhatan Wikibook! This book is in progress. If you know any Virginia Algonquin please help make this a great textbook for learning the Powhatan language.

## Lessons

* Introduction
* History
* Revitalization
* Pronunciation
* Syllabic
* Grammar
* Lesson 1: Family Titles & Ranks
* Lesson 2: Colors
* Lesson 3: Numbers
* Lesson 4: Weather
* Lesson 5: Cooking & Tools
* Lesson 6: Food & Plants
* Lesson 7: Animals
* Lesson 8: People
* Lesson 9: Human Body
* Lesson 10: Hunting & Fishing
* Lesson 11: Religion
* Lesson 12: Places & Proper Names
* Lesson 13: English Words with Powhatan Roots
* Maps
* Glossary

## External Resources

* Mattaponi Tribal Nation
* Pamunkey Tribal Nation
* Rappahannock Tribal
* Chickahominy Tribal Nation
* Chickahominy Tribe (Eastern Division)
* Upper Mattaponi Tribe
* Patawomek Tribe
# Arapaho
## Lessons

* Alphabet: Reading and Writing
* Lesson 1: Simple Phrases

## External links

* Arapaho Lessons, Grammar and Dictionary (from the University of Colorado)
# Miwok (Central Sierra)

Central Sierra Miwok is a nearly extinct Native American language of central California, closely related to the other Miwok languages (spoken from Marin to Yosemite) and ultimately a member of the widespread Penutian family of the west coast of North America.

## Lesson 1

Traditionally, Central Sierra Miwok was not a written language; however, it has been written by linguists using phonological notation and a few special symbols.
It has 6 vowels:
* a, e, i, o, u are all pronounced as in Spanish - that is, ah, eh, ee, oh, oo
* ï (usually written y by linguists) is a sound not found in English, halfway between the vowels in the English words "book" and "mitt". It sounds like Turkish ı or Russian ы.
Most of its consonants occur in English:
* ch (written č by linguists), h, k, l, m, n, ng (written ŋ by linguists), p, s, sh (written š by linguists), w, y (written j by linguists)
but a couple don't:
* In English there is only one t sound. In Miwok there are two: an "alveolar" t, like English t (written ṭ by linguists) and a "dental" t, like Spanish or Italian t (written t by linguists). Since the "dental" t sounds closer to English th, and there is no th sound in Miwok, it will be written "th" here.
* ^ (written ˀ by linguists) is called a glottal stop - it effectively means you don't combine the vowel before it together with the vowel after it, but stop between them instead.
If a t plus an h or an s plus an h is intended, instead of a th or sh sound, we will write s'h, t'h to remove ambiguity.
Both vowels and consonants can be doubled, like in Finnish; you pronounce aa longer than a, and tt longer than t.

## Lesson 2

Let's start with a few simple nouns:
* person: miwwï
* acorn-bread: ïlee
* acorn soup: nïppa
and verbs:
* say: kachchï
* eat: ïwwï
English makes a difference between "I" and "me", or "he" and "him": you say "he" if he is the one doing something (subject case), and "him" if something is being done to him (object case). In Miwok, you have to make this distinction for all nouns: you add -^ at the end of the subject, and -y at the end of the object. If you did this in English, you might say: "I eat nïppay", but "The nïppa^ spilled", for instance.
The order of words is different from English: instead of saying "man bites dog", you would normally say "man dog bites".
* The person eats acorn-bread: miwwï^ ïleey ïwwï
* The person eats acorn soup: miwwï^ nïppay ïwwï
* The person says "ah": miwwï^ "aa" kachchï

## External links

* Central Sierra Miwok dictionary
* Rosetta Project
# Inuktitut
### Lessons

* Lesson 1 - Inuktitut Syllabary

### Also See

Wikijunior Inuktitut
# Onondaga
## Table of Contents

* Basics
* Weather

## Other Resources

* https://onlc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Onondaga-Language-Workbook.pdf
# Plains Cree

This is the language spoken by the Plains Cree people around Saskatchewan and Alberta and by some people on Rocky Boys Reservation, Montana (USA). Although there are a few dialects of Cree, the Plains dialect emphasizes the "Y" whereas other dialects will use a "th" or "L" when they speak.

## Table of Contents

* Simple Words
* Numbers
# Interlingua

Interlingua is an international auxiliary language that uses simple grammar and vocabulary common among Romance and Germanic languages. This means that it is a great option for speakers of those languages looking to learn another, or for speakers of other languages who are looking for a nice gateway in English, Italian, Spanish, French, German, etc.
* Read the Wikipedia article on "Interlingua"
* Textbooks in English on Interlingua:
** On the Grammar of Interlingua
** Basic Interlingua English Dictionary
** Profanity
* Libros de texto in Interlingua:
** Curso de conversation per Harleigh Kyson.

## External links

* Interlingua—English Dictionary
* A Grammar of Interlingua
* Textos original de Wikisource
* Brochure tiratorio
* Wikipedia in Interlingua
# Complete Detailed Grammar of the International Language Ido
## Covers and Introductions

* What Is Ido?
* Opinions About Ido
* Dispersement of Ido
* Authentication
* Preface

## First Part - Morphology and Syntax

* Alphabet
* Pronunciation of the Vowels
* Pronunciation of the Consonants and Digraphs
* Tonic Accent
* Article
* Noun
* Proper Nouns
* Qualifying Adjectives
* Comparison Degrees
* Personal Pronouns
* Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns
* Demonstrative Adjectives Pronouns
* Relative and Interrogative Adjectives Pronouns
* Pronoun "Lo"
* Indefinite Adjectives Pronouns
* Verb
* Adverbs
* Prepositions: ad-kun, lor-ye
* Conjunctions
* Interjections
* Numbers
* Syntax
* Tenses and Modes

## Second Part - Word Building

* Elements of a Word
* Word Building Procedures
* Direct Derivation
* Indirect Derivation
* Affixes
* Prefixes
* Technical Prefixes
* A Remark Concerning the Affixes
* Prefix Prepositions
* Suffixes: ab-ebl, ed-ig, ik-yun
* Composition
* Rule of Analysis or Decomposition
* Composition for Prepositions
* The Components and the Suffixes

## Appendices

* The Accenting in Ido
* The Plural in Ido
* Gender and Masculinity
* Conversion of the Adjective to a Substantive
* Ca, Ta and Qua
* Conjugation System of Ido
* Word Order
* Punctuation
* Names, Addresses
* Formulas of Politeness in Letters
# Mundeze

* Mundeze
* The Flag of Mundezo
* Let's learn Mundeze!

## Table of Contents

* Grammar
** Phonology
*** Alphabet
*** Pronunciation
*** Intonation
*** Phonotactics
** Syntax
*** Word order
*** Grammatical cases
*** Elliptical construction
** Parts of speech
*** Nouns
*** Articles
*** Adjectives
*** Adverbs
*** tabula-leksey
*** Pronouns
*** Verbs
*** Function words
** Sentence forms
*** Interrogative
*** Negative and affirmative
*** Exclamative
*** Exclamatory rhetorical question
** Morphology
*** Morphological typology
*** Compound
*** Affixes
** Typography
*** Letter case
*** Punctuation
*** Other typographical signs
* Lexicon
** Origin of words
*** Onomatopoeias
*** Compound
*** A priori
*** A posteriori
** Transcription of nouns
*** Borrowed words
*** Names
*** Countries and demonyms
*** Cities
*** Languages
** Vocabulary
*** Numerals
*** Colors
*** The family
*** Get acquainted
*** Locate
*** Polite phrases
# Lojban Made Easy

Manual of Style
* Lesson One- Pronunciation
* Lesson Two- Cmene
* Lesson Three- Attitudinals
* Lesson Four- Selbri and Gimsu
# Klingon

Bookboxes :
E'
Wikibooks presents this book in E-Prime to aid clarity of communication. :
This Wikibook teaches the reader to speak the Klingon Language. It supplies a fast yet complete method of learning tlhIngan Hol, by providing auditory aid and structured information for fast absorption by the reader.
This Wikibook presents a structure which conveys basic Klingon language first; then moves into example usage and extended vocabulary. Some chapters consist entirely of Klingon, with the occasional annotation introducing a new word; these chapters present the reader with a straight-forward exercise to reinforce their interpretive Klingon language skills.
Sound clips of Klingon speech provide the reader with an auditory aid; some of the Klingon-only chapters supply complete recordings of entire sections. Readers will benefit greatly by reading these sections aloud and using the recordings to check their pronunciation.

## Lessons

* Why learn Klingon?
* Lesson 1: Pronunciation
* Lesson 2: Some basic phrases
* Lesson 3: Simple Sentences

## Table of Contents

* Introductory Klingon
** Why learn Klingon?
** Pronunciation
*** Sounds of Klingon
*** My first Klingon
** Grammar
*** Pronouns
*** Plurals
*** Questions
** Discrete Facts
*** Numbers
*** Time
* Appendix
** Sound Clips
** English Dictionary of Klingon Words

## External Links

* Klingon on Wikipedia
# Ido

How is Ido different from Esperanto?

## Alphabet

* Alphabet introduction
* Principles of orthography

## Grammar

* Syllables
* Personal pronouns
* Demonstrative pronouns
* Adjectives
* Verbs
* Articles & qualifiers
* Conjunctions
* Prepositions
* Comparatives & superlatives
* Forming questions
* Forming commands
* Forming dates & times

## Lessons
### LEVEL I: Beginner

* 1. Introducing yourself
* 2. Describing yourself and others
* 3. Numbers
* 4. Colors
* 5. Recreation
* 6. Family
* 7. Around the house
* 8. The workplace
* 9. School
* 10. Onomatopoeia

### LEVEL II: Intermediate

* 1. Shopping
* 2. At the restaurant
* 3. Downtown
* 4. Public transportation
* 5. At the hotel
* 6. At the library
* 7. At the farm
* 8. Medical care

### LEVEL III: Advanced

* 1. The human body
* 2. Religion
* 3. Nature
* 4. The universe
* 5. Reading a book
* 6. Using the telephone
* 7. Using computers

## About this Book
### About the Authors

* Authors
# Pig Latin
## Contents

* Introduction

### Lessons

* Orthography
* Greetings
* Basic Verbs
* Basic Adjectives
* Basic Nouns
* Pronouns and Possessives
* Questions
* Prepositions, etc.
* Retorts
* Numbers Timely Matters
* The Morning
* The Afternoon
* In the Kitchen
* At School
* At Work
* Negotiations
* On the Computer
* Pets
* Sports
* Travel
* Science
* Math
* Politics & Economy
* Hope
* Now
* Future

### Appendices

* Official Website
* #naia on Freenode (IRC)
* jadedctrl@teknik.io
# Ithkuil

Ithkuil is a philosophical and logical constructed language, created by John Quijada that is designed to be extremely precise, concise and clear as possible. Ithkuil is notable for its notorious difficulty, however, new versions of the language try to simplify it as much as possible while retaining the initial goal of the language.
As per 2024 Ithkuil has 4 versions released: the initial version, Ithkuil (meaning "a hypothetical representation of a language") in 2004, a simplified version called Ilaksh in 2007, a third version, Elartkha in 2011, and the current version, called Maleuthrait, or simply New Ithkuil, in 2023 (To avoid confusion, "Ithkuil" will refer to 2023 version). This book is going to be describing the 2023 version, deemed the most simple and complete of the four.

## Table of contents

* Phonology
* Basic Morphology
* Formatives
* Adjuncts
* Referentials
* Special constructs
* Syntax
* Numbers
* Writing System
* Texts