OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Universe Made Simple/The Solar System/Mars
## Mars

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and is referred to as the red planet. Mars has half the diameter of the Earth. On the surface there are signs of ancient floods. The average temperature on Mars’ surface is negative 55° C but there are seasons and weather.
Astronomers have proof of permanent polar ice caps on Mars. The surface is very old and cratered but there are young valleys, ridges and plains. There is evidence of erosion on the surface due to some type of fluid. However the surface of Mars is very cold with very strong winds and vast dust storms. These dust storms have been known to engulf the entire planet for months. The atmosphere on Mars is too thin for liquid water to exist for long on the surface. The atmosphere consists of 95% carbon dioxide, 3% nitrogen and 2% argon. The magnetic fields are large but not global. They are probably remnants of a larger global field that has since disappeared. Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos.
# The Universe Made Simple/The Solar System/The Sun

| ← The Galaxy | The Universe Made Simple - The Universe | Laws of Nature → |

## The Sun

When looking at our solar system, it is first important to look at the sun, which makes up 98% of the mass in the solar system. The gravity of the sun is so powerful that it attracts everything else in the solar system, which is why we orbit it. The sun has lived for approximately 4.5 billion years and is expected to live for another 5 billion years or so. The sun is very large, 109 Earths would make up the diameter and 1.3 million Earths would fit inside of it. The visible layer of the sun is called the photosphere. Photosphere means light sphere therefore we can see it. Temperatures in the photosphere can reach 6,000° Celsius. All of the energy powering the sun is created in the core where temperatures are up to 15 million° Celsius. From the core, the energy will take almost a million years to reach the surface. The actual composition of the sun is mostly hydrogen and helium.
The sun, like the planets, has an atmosphere. The outer part of the atmosphere is called the corona and is where prominences occur. Prominences are immense clouds of glowing gas. They erupt from the upper chromospheres and can only be seen during total solar eclipses. Solar winds are also a part of the Sun’s atmosphere. They are atomic particles that are blown outward from the Sun. They stretch across a lot of the solar system and are deflected by the magnetic fields of planets. When the solar winds aren’t deflected, auroras can be seen.
# The Universe Made Simple/The Solar System/Saturn
## Saturn

Saturn has 2 prominent rings and one faint ring that can be seen from Earth. They are known as A, B, and C, where C is the faintest ring seen. Each is composed of very small objects, and each in an independent orbit. The rings are about 250,000 km in diameter but only one km thick. They contain very little material, mostly water and ice. The rings of Saturn are not stable but continuously regenerated in an ongoing process. The current set of rings is only a few hundred million years old. Saturn itself is oblate, visibly flattened due to its rotation and fluid state. It is the least dense of all of the planets and has a gravity of .7.
Saturn is made up of 75% hydrogen and 25% helium. The interior of Saturn is similar to Jupiter and thus not much about it is known. The core temperature is 12,000° K. Saturn does have a magnetic field which is very large.
# The Universe Made Simple/The Solar System/Venus
## Venus

The next planet on our journey outwards is Venus, the 6th largest planet. Venus’ orbit is nearly circular. It is the brightest object in the sky from Earth except for the Sun and the Moon. One Venus day is equivalent to 243 Earth days. However Venus is very similar to Earth and regarded as Earth’s sister planet. It is 95% of Earth’s diameter and 80% of its mass.
The physical makeup of Venus used to consist of large amounts of water which have since boiled away. The surface is made of gently rolling plains, several broad depressions as well as two large highland areas. Much of the surface is covered in lava flow. Venus also has several large shield volcanoes on its surface. The oldest terrain on Venus is 800 million years old because volcanism has erased all the previous surfaces. The interior is similar of Venus is similar to that of the Earth. The atmosphere is mostly made of carbon dioxide with several layers of clouds many kilometers thick made of sulfuric acid. There is no magnetic field and no moons.
# The Universe Made Simple/The Universe

The universe is "everything". It includes all matter and energy, the planets, stars, galaxies, and the dust and particles in intergalactic space.
# The University of 2050

The University of 2050 is a vision of the university as it can and should be in 2050. It is written by uniquely qualified authors: the students of the university of the 2020s, many of whom will raise the people who may become the students of the university of the 2050s. This connection gives these authors a direct stake in the success of the university of 2050. The university of the 2020s remains much like its predecessor of 25 or 50 years ago. The campus, the classroom, and the curriculum of the 1990s or even of the 1970s endure much as they were. This endurance may be due largely to the efficacy of these arrangements, or it may be due to a paucity of visionary, long-term planning. If the university of 2050 is to be more affordable, inclusive and sustainable than the university of the 2020s, the planning must begin now. The authors themselves determine the educational ideas and values that the university of 2050 will serve. They will also consider how the technology of the mid-21st century may permit new educational possibilities, and which university traditions of decades and centuries past should endure.
The University of 2050 is divided into three parts: 1. The campus of 2050 2. The classroom of 2050 3. The curriculum of 2050
Within each section, chapters will consider more specific subsets of these subjects. Authors are invented to consider each of them broadly, without regard in inherited assumptions. For example, the classroom of 2050 need not be a physical room at all, or may include a room and more besides.

## Table of Contents
#### The Campus of 2050

* The Sustainable Campus
* Campus Mobility and Community Connections
* The Globally Connected Campus

#### The Classroom of 2050

* The Transphysical Classroom
* The Adaptable Classroom
* The Experiential Classroom

#### The Curriculum of 2050

* Welcoming Curricular Innovation
* Personalizing Curricula
* The Future of the Humanities
# StarCraft/Secret Missions

By completing Zerg Mission 9 (The Reckoning) in 25 minutes, and new level is unlocked: Dark Origins.
After killing Razagul, Zeratul feels very guilty. However, he might be able to defeat Kerrigan by finding Artanis. He senses Protoss energy signatures in the Dark Mood, and goes there.
In game, the player gets two dragoons, Zeratul, and FOUR dark archons. The player is supposed to mind control a large number of units.
In the end, Zeratul finds that Samir Duran has been making these hybrids. Zeratul asks whether Kerrigan authorized this, but Duran says that he serves a greater power.
Gamers think this refers to the Xel'Nega.
# StarCraft/Project Revolutions

Project Revolutions, or StarCraft Revolution, is a blend of both StarCraft and WarCraft 3: StarCraft in that it uses that program's units and largely keeps the gameplay the same; and WarCraft 3 in its use of three dimensional objects. The developers have already created much of the characters and terrain; however, it is still in the development stages. There is a playable, closed-Alpha. The developers have attempted not to violate any copyright laws. No word from blizzard on this matter.
The following is the StarCraft Revolution official site: http://www.wc3campaigns.net/revolution/
# StarCraft/References

* Blizzard Entertainment. 2005. Blizzard Entertainment Unveils Key New Starcraft: Ghost Features at E3, Press Release
* StarCraft versions are numbered 1.00 through 1.13f, including 1.12b, 1.11b, 1.09b and 1.08b. Information on changes introduced with each patch can be found on the Battle.net support site. Patch Information site
* Gamespot. The Greatest Games of All Time
* Team Liquid. 2003. Lasgo's Observer Pack
* BWChart.com. 2003. RWAtools
* IGN. 2005. IGNs top 100 Games of All Time
* IGN. 2003. IGNs top 100 Games of All Time
* GameFAQs.10-Year Anniversary Contest - The 10 Best Games Ever
* Blizzard. 2005. Blizzard Awards Page
* Underwood, Peter, Bill Roper, Chris Metzen and Jeffrey Vaughn. StarCraft (Manual). Irvine, Calif.: Blizzard Entertainment, 1998.
* Metzen, Chris and Samuel Moore. "StarCraft: Revelations." Amazing Stories no. 596 (Spring 1999): 20–27.
* Neilson, Micky. “StarCraft: Hybrid.” Amazing Stories no. 601 (Spring 2000): 70–75.
* StarCraft homepage at Blizzard Entertainment
* Disciple of Adun Battle.net StarCraft Compendium's official page about High Templar.
* Underwood, Peter, Bill Roper, Chris Metzen and Jeffrey Vaughn. StarCraft (Manual). Irvine, Calif.: Blizzard Entertainment, 1998.
* www.supremestarcraft.com/revolution/revolution.php
# StarCraft/Star Edit

Star Edit is the map editor tool for Starcraft. Using Star Edit, anyone can make or edit a StarCraft map, and then use it as they see fit.
Star Edit allows players to customize their maps, units, structures, triggers, scenarios, forces, and gameplay through various forms accessible from the menu. However, each customization is specifically for that game, which can become annoying; and the customization does not even come into effect unless the player chooses Use Map Settings rather than Melee or Free for All. Additionally, the triggers seem close to programming. Given the difficulty of Star Edit, customizers must run many tests of each map to ensure quality standards.
Terrains are grouped into distinct sets of terrain, and one group cannot be intermixed with another one:
There are eight tilesets in all, of which five are available in StarCraft and three are BroodWar only.
# StarCraft/Enslavers

StarCraft Enslavers may be found in the Campaign directory of the Custom Maps database, and is considered a veteran level campaign not because of any inherent difficulty but because the missions are time-consuming. There are only five stages divided into two paths--the first instance of path splitting in StarCraft, since the only case in which the Episodic campaigns use path splitting comes in Brood War's Emperor's Fall.
Enslavers follows the hunt for the 'second-rate smuggler' Alan (Allen) Schezar, who has managed to establish multiple extensive bases as well as gain control over a Cerebrate. The question of whether to aid the Protoss being held captive by Schezar or to kill the Cerebrate results in a split path. In (a), players ignore the Protoss plea and kill the cerebrate, leading to the last level's Protoss and Terran enemies. In (b), players save the Protoss instead, leading to the last level's Zerg and Terran enemies. The (b) path provides players with Protoss allies in addition to the Terran forces, but also adds in the Ultralisk hero Torrasque, which is periodically ressurected. Both paths have a trick in the last level: in (a), destruction of the Protoss Temple will prevent the Protoss enemies from Warping In additional units, while in (b), destruction of the Zerg Cerebrate will prevent the return of Torrasque.
# Using Ubuntu Linux/Introduction for Ubuntu users
### Ubuntu Users

Welcome all Ubuntu users. You're probably already familiar with what Ubuntu is and how it differs from other operating systems, so we won't go into that. Instead allow me to welcome you to the Ubuntu Wikibook. Please feel free to (in the spirit of Ubuntu) help out in the making of this Wikibook wherever you feel you can.
We hope that new Ubuntu users and veterans alike will be able to learn something from this guide.
# Using Ubuntu Linux/Introduction for users of other Linux distributions
### Linux users

Welcome, friends!
As you no doubt are already aware, Ubuntu is a (Debian-type) GNU/Linux operating system, much like the one(s) you have already used. However, Ubuntu has a strong focus on usability and user-friendliness, which could, depending on your previous distribution, be a very different experience than what you are used to.
We hope that this guide can help you in your transition to Ubuntu, or just to learn about another Linux distribution.
# Using Ubuntu Linux/Introduction for users of Unix and/or Unix-like operating systems

Ubuntu is a lot like Unix based systems since Ubuntu is a UNIX-like system, just as Linux is.
Many user guides have been written due to the similarity to other OS's

## References

* ↑ "Ubuntuguide". Retrieved 2014-04-12.
# Using Ubuntu Linux/Introduction for users of other operating systems

Welcome to Ubuntu. You have made a good choice by trying it.
# Using Ubuntu Linux/Introduction for Mac users
## Welcome!

macOS's core, Darwin, is Unix-like. A lot of the commands you might use on the terminal, like cp, mv, ls, etc. will work in Ubuntu because they both use Bash as their shell.
Intel Macs from all generations should be supported. PowerPC is less certain, since official releases are unsupported and drivers may not be available for all the hardware.
If you're using a hackintosh, make sure any EFI emulator or kernel hack you have set in place for macOS doesn't apply system-wide so that it doesn't collide with GRUB or its settings. If you plan on switching completely, you won't need to worry about any of it because Ubuntu will replace everything upon installation.
# Using Ubuntu Linux/Introduction for new users
### Welcome

If you are new to computers, what you will learn in this manual will be a heavenly "dream come true" introduction to cutting edge computing technology. But first, you must learn what a computer is.
If your peers have told you that "part of everyday computer maintenance involves running an antivirus", or that "computers crash all the time and are so difficult to maintain", disregard that. As someone who knows new users, these problems don't apply with regards to what you'll learn in this manual.
Ubuntu is a GNU/Linux based operating system and is also a derivative of the Debian GNU/Linux operating system. Essentially what this means is:
* The Linux kernel is constantly developed by thousands of developers, paid or voluntary
* Ubuntu is constantly developed by thousands of developers, paid or voluntary
* Ubuntu will always be free (unless Canonical, the company behind Ubuntu, does not receive sufficient funding)
* Ubuntu receives numerous updates on a daily basis
* The Ubuntu community offers free support
* You are welcome to contribute to Ubuntu in any way you feel you can help
# Using Ubuntu Linux/Introduction/Introduction for n00bs

A computer can be a very useful and valuable thing to have. You can do so much with one if you have to knowledge to use it. This guide is for people who want to learn Ubuntu, a distribution of Linux generally believed to be the easiest and most user friendly of them all. Just to be clear, Linux is a very small piece of software that is very fast and robust. A distribution, or "distro," is simply an operating system built around the Linux kernel. But why should you choose Ubuntu as your computer's operating system?
* It's fast. This means old computers can run Linux more comfortably than other new operating systems.
* It's safe. As opposed to Windows, which requires virus-protection software, Linux very rarely gets them. It's not like "you don't get them that often," but rather "if you find one, let me know."
* It's reliable. Windows will often crash or certain programs might not respond. You don't want your operating system slowing you down. This happens much less in Ubuntu and other distros.
* It's affordable. Some distributions might charge money, but most are completely free and non-commercial. They are created by a large community of developers all around the world, who also quickly find out about problems and create updates for them every so often.
# Using Ubuntu Linux/Live Boot

It is possible to run Ubuntu on your computer without installing anything because the Ubuntu disk, actually a DVD, is called a Live CD. When your computer boots up while you have the CD in, you are given the choice of either booting from the computer's hard drive or running Ubuntu by Live CD.
To do this:
* While your computer is on, insert an Ubuntu CD. You can get these CDs many ways, including downloading Ubuntu and burning it onto a disk, buying a CD from the Canonical Store, maybe getting one from a friend, or finding one at a local computer store.
* Restart your computer if it had already booted from the hard disk (your other operating system started) and select the disk drive in your boot manager.
* At one point while the computer is booting, you should see an Ubuntu boot screen. To run Ubuntu, select "Try Ubuntu". If a symbol of a keyboard and an accessibility symbol appears, press the up or down arrow key.
* Ubuntu will start as normal and you can use it like a normal user, but files will not be saved when you close the session. To install Ubuntu, you can double-click "Install" on the desktop and follow the steps.

## Burning a Live CD

This section will take you through the steps of burning your own Live CD.
* Firstly, you will need the ISO file used to run the system downloaded from Ubuntu.com. This can be downloaded from here.
* Next, you will need to insert a blank CD into a working disk drive.
* You will also need a program able to write ISO's to a Disk, if your unsure if you have one or not, use Infra Recorder.
* Now navigate to your ISO in your selected program and click a form of ok button. Your disk should be easy enough to figure out from here.
* Once written to the disk, you are able to boot from this CD.

### See Also

* Burning an ISO on help.ubuntu.com
# WebObjects/Web Services/Instructions for .NET consuming Direct to WebServices

.NET Instructions: To more easily consume these services with .NET, your .NET users need to make a few minor modifications:
* try using the WS client tool inside the VS.Net IDE, do "Add Web Reference", and give it the URL
* manually change all of the references to the name "Class" to "[Class]"
* manually change the inconsistent namespace references from "default" to "http://serveraddress.com" (the address of the server with the service)
Here is the simple method:
Figure out that you manually edit the code generated by the parser. That's normally hidden from view. Specifically, in the IDE, highlight the project name, and select "Project...Show All Files" from the top menu. Then expand the "Web References" tree, then the specific service, then the Reference Map, then edit the Reference.vb (or .cs if using C#) file.
After you point it to the URL for the WSDL, it grabs the WSDL file, parses it and spews all the code needed to connect. The resulting classes then just become available to your project, same as any other.
If you are still having trouble also try:
After pulling the xml down for dealers and transactions and editing it locally (changing Class to [Class] and default to the ip) I was able to add the reference, but it did not build until I completely removed
from each of the wsdl’s.
FOR WebObjects Users:
.NET doesn't like multiRefs so in the Server.wsdd file change this parameter to false: <parameter name="sendMultipleRefs" value="true"/>
--Mat Johnson
# WebObjects/Wirehose/Access Control

WireHose defines a delegate interface which can use to customize how users are authenticated, how guest users get created, and whether or not users can view, edit or delete objects. The WireHoseEngageSupport framework provides an implementation which uses WHTag subclasses to model roles-based access control, with users, groups, operations and inheritable permissions.

## Authentication

WHApplicationHelper will automatically authenticate users based on username and password or unique login cookies or request headers. If a user can't be found, a guest user will be used. You can customize this behavior by implementing delegate methods which allow you to inspect whatever form values, cookies or headers you find in an incoming request to determine the user for a session.

## Access control

The WHApplicationHelper.Delegate</a> interface also defines methods such as userCanViewObject and userCanEditObject, which you can implement to control what users are allowed to do.
The com.wirehose.base.engage package uses tags to implement roles-based access control, with users, groups, operations and inheritable permissions for taggable objects. WHEngageTag is a WHTag subclass which is taggable and indexable, so you can control access to tags. WHEngageUser represents users which can belong to multiple groups. WHGroup is a WHTag subclass which represents groups that can be arranged in an arbitrary hierarchy.
Permissions, represented by the WHPermission class, are tags which are assigned to taggable objects to indicate an association between a group and a WHOperation object. Permissions can be marked as inheritable, which means you can assign a permission to a tag, and any resources tagged with that tag will inherit the assigned permission.
Starting content used with permission of Gary Teter. WireHose and the eyeball-and-arrows logo are trademarks of Gary Teter.
# WebObjects/Wirehose

WireHose gives WebObjects developers the power to create fast, personalizable web portals that categorize, index and deliver any media type, like video clips, stock quotes or legacy data. It features a simple, flexible API for adding new own portal components and resource types, making it perfect for creating enterprise portals in addition to high-traffic internet sites. WireHose also has special support for creating and deploying large numbers of re-branded portals sharing some common resources, as for example in an application service provider environment, community publishing, or higher education.
WireHose Server 4.0 was released in November 2006 and is now free to download and use. This version includes new and updated documentation and most of the Layout Support framework is provided as example source code.
Main WireHose site
Download the free package
It has a new developer mailing list at the WireHose Developer Mailing List.
Starting content used with permission of Gary Teter. WireHose and the eyeball-and-arrows logo are trademarks of Gary Teter.
# WebObjects/Web Services/How to Trust Any SSL Certificate
### Francis Labrie

Sometimes, it would be useful to relax the Java security manager to allow connection to secure HTTP server using self-signed certificate, especially during development phase. To avoid Java exception on HTTPS connection, it's possible to add self signed certificate to the Java trusted X509 certificate repository using Java keystore command line tool:
(The default password for the "cacerts" keystore is "changeit")
But this can be painful, even more if the application must be tested with various servers using self-signed or bad defined certificate. And if a server is using a certificate with a hostname different from the one you use to test it, it will still fail.
It's also possible to change the TrustManager? and HostnameVerifier? in Java code, but the API did change from JDK 1.3 and 1.4. Unfortunately, the old deprecated "com.sun.net.ssl" is still available, making setting of a custom TrustManager? and HostnameVerifier? a bit difficult.
So I've created an utility class that allow relaxing of the SSL trust rules. Simply add it to a package, an application or a framework, and call:
* SSLUtilities.trustAllHostnames to turn off the default hostname verification on HTTPS connection;
* SSLUtilities.trustAllHttpsCertificates to turn off the default certificate validation on HTTPS connection.