OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Introduction to .NET Framework 3.0/Windows Cardspace

Microsoft Cardspace (codenamed: Info Card) is a part of Microsoft's new initiative to construct an identity metasystem where different identities shall be stored and authentication provided by a single system.

## Digital Identity

People have multiple identities. For an immigration officer at an airport, a person is identified as a citizen of some country while to a traffic policeman who catches him for overspeed, he is a driver from a particular locality. In a similar way, a person on the net might want to purchase grocies from a grocer, book air tickets for a holiday and order a pizza from the nearest pizza shop through the computer. Hence a digital identity is needed to identify him and this may vary depending upon the vendor
This could be realized through a large-scale system of computers or a metasystem. No single system can issue identities or permissions especially when multiple businesses and multiple transactions are involved. This issue is tackled with by the use of a metasystem wherein each organization issues its own card or passport for the user.
By the use of standards as WS-Security, WS-Trust, WS-MetadataExchange, and WS-SecurityPolicy, it will be possible for the identity metasystem to work with multiple identities issue by different organizations.
Identities are usually assigned based on security tokens which consists of a set of claims. Each claim is a component which identifies the user such as username, address, telephone number,etc. which are unique to that particular user. The set of claims required to authenticate an user might vary from site to site and with this set of claims, the digital identity. These security tokens could be created using Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML), a new standard created by the industry group OASIS.

## Digital Identities and Windows Cardspace

Windows Cardspace implements the system of digital identity in Microsoft's identity metasystem effort by offering the user a system of cards from which the user might be able to select for authentication to different websites. Each of these cards is provided by an identity provider. These cards are authenticated by relying parties representing that particular business establishment.

## Internal Working

As seen earlier, Windows Cardspace uses a system of cards to authenticate an user. When a new card is created, it gets stored as a .CRD file. The .crd file is composed of metadata. It contains the card name, card image details and STS details. The URL of the location where user information is located is actually specified in the STS section. So, the card simply contains the address or location of the file which contains user information and not the information itself.

## References

* http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa480189.aspx
# Introduction to 2D Linux Game Programming/Algorithms/Simple Software Transformations/Optimized Integer Scaling
### Optimized Image Scaling

This takes the previous, non-optimzed version of the integer scaling program and changes a few things to make it much quicker.
# Guide to X11/References and Links
## References and Links
### Other Wikibooks

* The X Window System (LPIC101) LPIC101 certification
* X Window Programming C language interface to X clients
* Guide to Unix the stuff inside that xterm
* XFree86 and Xorg are open source; you can freely copy, redistribute, and modify them.
** Open Source explains the concept.
** Use the Source is a more general description of the purpose and origin of free and open source software.
* GNOME and KDE have their own books.
** Using GNOME GNU Network Object Model Environment
** Using KDE K Desktop Environment

### External Links

* x.org and wiki.x.org
** Documentation for the X Window System Version 11 Release 6.9 and 7.0
* XFree86 website
** Documentation for XFree86® version 4.5.0
* Going Beyond the MIT Sample Server: The Silicon Graphics X11 Server (PostScript)
* X Server Multi-rendering for OpenGL and PEX (PostScript)
* Matt Chapman's site about "Window Managers for X"
# Guide to X11/Define new resolution

Due to buggy hardware or drivers, your monitor's correct resolutions may not always be detected by xrandr. For example, the EDID data block queried from the monitor may be incorrect. However, we can add the desired resolutions to xrandr. Also, this same procedure can be used to add refresh rates you know are supported, but not enabled by your driver.
First we run `gtf' or `cvt' to get the Modeline for the resolution we want:
Then we create a new xrandr mode. Note that the Modeline keyword needs to be ommited.
The finale step is to add the new resolution to OUTPUT. Use just the name of the mode, since the parameters have been set previously.
Now it is possible to change the resolution of the OUTPUT to the one has been defined:
Note that these settings only take effect during current session, to make it permanent do following:
1. create the directory "/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/"
2. create the file "10-monitor.conf"
3. edit "/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/10-monitor.conf" and add following:
This page or section of Guide to X11 is a stub. You can help Wikibooks by expanding it.
# Guide to X11/History
## History

Some text of this book was adapted December 2005 from the deleted Wikipedia article "Transwiki:Useful unix command", by Steve Ambler, February 2002. Its edit history was:

## Wikipedia:Useful unix command authors and history

* 2005-09-04 01:17:55 User:Meelar (articles for deletion)
* 2005-09-04 01:16:22 User:Frankkou
* 2005-09-04 01:15:31 User:Frankkou (→Some Useful Linux Commands)
* 2005-09-04 01:14:40 User:Frankkou
# Introduction to Information Literacy in the K12 Classroom/Chapter 6.3
## Photo Sharing

Introduction Photo Sharing is the publishing of a users digital photos to online storage spaces with the ability to tag and organize each photo. Thus allowing the user to share his or her photos with others, who can review the images, make comments or even edit your photo. Photo sharing is not limited to the web or personal computers but can also be shared with cell phones. Users can take photos with their cell phone and then transfer the photo to a photo sharing site. Instead of sending photos via email, to numerous people, which could be time consuming, people can post their photos to a photo sharing site and invite others to view their photo albums or slide shows.

## Possibilities for Teachers and Students

Photo sharing is a great way for teachers to add depth and higher thinking to content rich lessons. Students can use photo sharing to enhance projects, collaborate with other students, and document their learning even after the event is over. Since photos are tagged they are easily searchable, students can then combine, collaborate, and edit photos into sideshow presentations or slidecasts.
Photos can be embedded into your school or class web pages. Inspire writing and creativity in the classroom. Use images to create storybooks. Use photos to create presentations and slide shows. Photo tags can be used to find photo of events around the world for use in the classroom. Photos can be used to enhance students classwork or for media literacy projects. Create digital portfolios, where students and instructors can comment on the photos or projects. Create a photoblog.

## Photo Sharing Resources

Flickr: http://flickr.com Photo sharing web site.
Photobucket: http://photobucket.com Photo sharing web site.
Slide: http://www.slide.com Offers a simple sequential way to create slide shows and then post them to web sites, and blogs.
Bookr: http://www.pimpampum.net/bookr Enables users to create and share their own captioned slide shows.
One True Media: http://www.onetruemedia.com Provides an easy way to create slide shows with added text, music and images.
Show Beyond: http://www.showbeyond.com Allows users to create and share multimedia stories as slide casts, incorporating images, sound and text.

## References

Rosenfeld, Ester. (April 2008). Useful Web 2.0 Tools for Teachers and Students. Teacher Librarian, 35 no.4.
What is Photo Sharing? Retrieved October 7, 2009 from www.teachinghacks.com
Solomon, G., & Schrum, L. (2007). Web 2.0: New tools, new schools. Washington D.C.: International Society for Technology in Education.
# High School Chemistry/Molecular Architecture

* Types of Bonds that Form Between Atoms
* The Covalent Molecules of Family 2A-8A
* Resonance
* Electronic and Molecular Geometry
* Molecular Polarity
← Naming Covalent Compounds · Types of Bonds that Form Between Atoms →
This material was adapted from the original CK-12 book that can be found here. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 United States License
# High School Chemistry/Ions in Solution

* Ionic Solutions
* Covalent Compounds in Solution
* Reactions Between Ions in Solutions
← Separating Mixtures · Ionic Solutions →
This material was adapted from the original CK-12 book that can be found here. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 United States License
# High School Chemistry/Mathematics and Chemical Equations

* The Mole Concept and Equations
* Mass-mass Calculations
* Limiting Reactant
* Percent Yield
* Energy Calculations
← Types of Reactions · The Mole Concept and Equations →
This material was adapted from the original CK-12 book that can be found here. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 United States License
# Danish/Adjectives

Danish adjectives are declined according to the gender and number of the nouns to which they apply. Each regular adjective has a base form, used for common gender nouns, a t-form used with neuter gender nouns, and an e-form used with plural nouns and in definite descriptions. In many cases, the t- and e- forms are created simply by attaching the letters to the end of the common gender form, but not always. Frequently the final consonant is doubled before adding -e, and occasionally the preceding vowel is affected in a manner similar to the plural of en bog being bøger or that of et barn being børn.
Example: En dejlig kage (a lovely cake) Et dejligt hus (a lovely house) Tre dejlige kager (three lovely cakes) Den dejlige kage (the lovely cake) Det dejlige hus (the lovely house)
One notable exception is lille, which uses the same forms for both singular genders and becomes små for plurals.
# Danish/Cover

| Danmark | Dansk ~ English Learning the Danish Language |
# Danish/Lesson 3

^ Lektion 1: Velkommen ^ Lektion 2: Familie ^
In this section we attempt to teach you numbers and colors in Danish.

## Tal ~ Numbers

The Danish number system can be confusing. Instead of saying twenty-one, in Danish the equivalent is literally one-and-twenty. This rule goes all the way up to the nineties. It can seem illogical at times, especially when reciting phone numbers. The hundreds, thousands, millions and so on are put in the same order as in English. If you want to say four thousand two hundred twenty-four it's fire tusinde to hundrede og fireogtyve which literally is four thousands two hundreds fourandtwenty. Notice that there aren't any spaces in numbers below 100 when written in words in Danish, but numbers higher than 100 are split up in several words. Also notice that thousands are mentioned in plural because there's more than one (fire tusinde-).
| 1 | = | en/et | 11 | = | elleve | 21 | = | enogtyve |
| 2 | = | to | 12 | = | tolv | 30 | = | tredive |
| 3 | = | tre | 13 | = | tretten | 40 | = | fyrre |
| 4 | = | fire | 14 | = | fjorten | 50 | = | halvtreds |
| 5 | = | fem | 15 | = | femten | 60 | = | tres |
| 6 | = | seks | 16 | = | seksten | 70 | = | halvfjerds |
| 7 | = | syv | 17 | = | sytten | 80 | = | firs |
| 8 | = | otte | 18 | = | atten | 90 | = | halvfems |
| 9 | = | ni | 19 | = | nitten | 100 | = | hundred(e) |
| 10 | = | ti | 20 | = | tyve | 1000 | = | et tusind |

## Farver ~ Colours

* Red - Rød
* Blue - Blå
* Yellow - Gul
* Green - Grøn
* Purple - Lilla
* Orange - Orange
* Brown - Brun
* Black - Sort
* White - Hvid
* Grey - Grå
^ Lektion 1: Velkommen ^ Lektion 2: Familie ^
# Dance Routines in Apple Fitness Plus/Printable version

The current, editable version of this book is available in Wikibooks, the open-content textbooks collection, at
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Dance_Routines_in_Apple_Fitness_Plus

# LaShawn Jones 20 mins Started from the Bottom
## Started From the Bottom by Drake

(explanation)
* 0:40

## Young'n by Fabolous

(warm up) [verse]
* Stationary march starting on right foot
* Step, toe-tap to the right then back. Repeat about eight times
* Two step-taps to the right then back. Repeat about four times
[chorus]
* Four steps back (pause between two and three) [LaShawn says three but takes four]
* Three travel (zig-zag) steps forward
[verse]
* In wide stance:
** look right then left several times
** half head roll, right then left
** repeat
** rotate right shoulder back four times
** rotate left shoulder back four times
** rotate right shoulder forward four times
** rotate left shoulder forward four times
[chorus]
* Four steps back (pause between two and three) [LaShawn says three but takes four]
* Three travel (zig-zag) steps forward
* Repeat two above
[verse]
* In wide stance:
** Arms out, rib cage right to left several times
** Arms to stomach
*** Front back several times
*** Right left several times
*** Smooth it out (rotate hips) four times
* Pull it in right and left
[chorus]
* Four steps back (pause between two and three) [LaShawn says three but takes four]
* Three travel (zig-zag) steps forward
* Repeat two above
[verse]
* In wide stance:
** Arms out, rib cage right to left several times
** Arms to stomach
*** Front back several times
*** Right left several times
*** Smooth it out (rotate hips) four times
[truncated chorus]
# Danish/Lesson 2

This is an unfinished translation of Swedish/Lesson_4.
^ Lektion 1: Velkommen ^ Lektion 3: Tal og Farver ^

## Immediate family
#### Forældre ~ Parents

Just like in English, the Danish language has several words for mother and father. Starting with the words for mother, we see:
* Mor
And sometimes:
* Moder
The most common word for father is:
* Far
But occasionally
* Fader
is used.

#### Søskende ~ Siblings

The words for søskende (siblings) are for brother:
* Bror
* Broder
and for sister:
* Søster

#### Børn ~ Children

In Danish, the words for son and daughter are close to English. They are søn and datter, respectively.

## The rest of the family

* Onkel = Uncle, used mostly for a man married to a moster or faster
* Morbror = Mother's brother
* Farbror = Father's brother
* Tante = Aunt, used mostly about a woman married to a farbror or morbror
* Moster = Mother's sister
* Faster = Father's sister
* Niece = Niece
* Nevø = Nephew
* Fætter = Male cousin
* Kusine = Female cousin

#### Bedsteforældre ~ Grandparents

Grandparents are also quite simple. Keep in mind mor is mother and far is father.
Maternal Grandparents:
* Mormor = Maternal grandmother
* Morfar = Maternal grandfather
Paternal Grandparents:
* Farmor = Paternal grandmother
* Farfar = Paternal grandfather
The Danish word for grandchild is barnebarn.

#### Oldeforældre ~ Great-grandparents

* Oldefar/Oldefader = Great-grandfather
* Oldemor/Oldemoder = Great-grandmother
The Danish word for great-grandchild is oldebarn

#### Tipoldeforældre ~ Great-great-grandparents

* Tipoldefar/Tipoldefader = Great-great-grandfather
* Tipoldemor/Tipoldemoder = Great-great-grandmother
The Danish word for great-great-grandchild is tipoldebarn.
* For every generation from this point forward you add another tip- to the title.
^ Lektion 1: Velkommen ^ Lektion 3: Tal og Farver ^
# Danish/Appendix A
## Danish (Germanic)

| Translation | Phrase | Pronunciation | Remarks |
| Danish | dansk | dansk (help·info) |
| hello | hej | hi (help·info) |
| good-bye | farvel | fah-vel |
| please | | | $^1$ (Be understood. A matter of course, if not Vær så venlig) |
| thank you | tak | tack |
| that one | den der | DEN-neh haer |
| how much? | hvor meget? | vo MY-it |
| English | engelsk | ENG-uhlsk |
| yes | ja | ya |
| no | nej | nigh |
| may I take your (sg) picture? | Må jeg tage et billede af dig? | Mo yigh tay-eh it bill-eth-e a die |
| may I take your (pl) picture? | Må jeg tage et billede af jer? | Mo yigh tay-eh it bill-eth-e a yer |
| where is the bathroom? | Hvor er toilettet? | vo er toilettet | IPA: /toiˈlet/ |
| where do you come from? | Hvor kommer du fra? | voor comma doo fra |
| do you speak English? | Taler du engelsk? | tahler doo ENG-elsk |
| generic toast | skål | skol |
| I don’t understand | Jeg forstår ikke | |
| sorry | Undskyld | |
| excuse me | Undskyld mig | |
* No word directly corresponds to the word “please”. Danish and Finnish express the concept
of politeness in a request in various ways. One way is to smile while asking for something,
another is to add tak (thank you) to the end of the question: “kan jeg få noget mere at
drikke, tak” (Can I get some more to drink, thanks), although this is more of an anglicised form of Danish.
# Danish/Lesson 4

^ Lektion 3: Tal ^ Lektion 2: Familie ^
In this section of Danish, we are going to cover up on words for basic clothes. It won't be a long lesson, we'll just see how it goes ;-)

## Clothes

* Hat - Hat
* Shirt - Skjorte
* Pants - Bukser (Cowboybukser is for Cowboy pants ;-))
* Dress - Kjole
* Skirt - Nederdel
* Shoes - Sko
* Suit - Jakkesæt
* Socks - Strømper
* Jacket - Frakke

### How does this whole thing work?

* To wear - at have på (literally “to have on”)
For the present tense of "at have på", would be for har på. And for this to be used in sentences such as "I am wearing pants" (or "I have pants on"), it would be: Jeg har bukser på. If we wanted to say "I am not wearing pants", then we would say "Jeg har ikke bukser på". Simple? Ain't it?
JUST REMEMBER!

## Examples

* Jeg har en frakke på - I am wearing a coat
* Jeg har ikke tøj på - I am not wearing clothes (Let's hope you don't need to say this)
* Hun har en nederdel på - She is wearing a skirt
* De har busker på - They are wearing pants
* Han har en jakkesæt på - He is wearing a suit
* Han har cowboybukser på - He is wearing cowboy pants

### Notes

It's possible to not have the article on. Don't get what I mean? Look:
* Jeg har en frakke på - I am wearing a jacket
* Jeg har frakke på - I am wearing a jacket
Both are correct. But the first one, with the article, is used to show special importance to the object being worn.
Remember to also include the 'på' at the end! Take a look:
* Jeg har en nederdel på - I am wearing a skirt
* Jeg har en nederdel - I have a skirt (This sentence does not have the same meaning as the first sentence. This makes the hearer/person you're talking to/reader think you have a skirt, not wearing the skirt).

## Conclusion

Thanks for reading, and taking an interest to learn the Danish language. Post any comments/suggestions/concerns on the discussion page. Tak og farvel!
^ Lektion 3: Tal ^ Lektion 2: Familie ^
# High School Earth Science/Climate

* Climate and Its Causes
* World Climates
* Climate Change
← Weather Forecasting · Climate and Its Causes →
# High School Earth Science/Earth's Atmosphere

* The Atmosphere
* Atmospheric Layers
* Energy in the Atmosphere
* Air Movement
← Ocean Life · The Atmosphere →
# ERP Internals/Modules/Fixed Assets/Functions/Maintain Module Information

Some parameters and data tables are used by every module. These are maintained by Systems Administration. But, every module has some parameters and/or data tables that it alone uses. Systems Administration can change this information but each module has a function "Maintain Module Information" that can change it as well. This allows segments of systems administration to be delegated to the senior person in charge of a particular module.
# ERP Internals/Modules/Fixed Assets/Reports

Fixed Assets generates the following reports:
* Summary
* Detail
* Trial Balance
# ERP Internals/Modules/General Ledger/Functions/Maintain Chart of Accounts

Chart of Accounts Chart of Account is a classification of accounts define in a Financial accounting such as Frame work for recording value and value flows in order to guaranty an orderly rendering of Financial Statements.
A chart of account can consists of objects that can simultaneously represent both expenses and revenue accounts for financial accounting and cost and revenues elements for controlling.
# ERP Internals/Modules/General Ledger/Functions/Maintain Module Information

Some parameters and data tables are used by every module. These are maintained by Systems Administration. But, every module has some parameters and/or data tables that it alone uses. Systems Administration can change this information but each module has a function "Maintain Module Information" that can change it as well. This allows segments of systems administration to be delegated to the senior person in charge of a particular module.
# ERP Internals/Modules/Fixed Assets

A "fixed asset" is something the enterprise has purchased that has a useful life of more than one year. Fixed Assets keeps track of all these objects and allocates part of their purchase price to each year of their life. There are a variety of ways in which this allocation can be done. For some assets, the allocation or "depreciation" is specified by law. Not all ERP packages have a Fixed Assets module.
* Functions
* Reports

## Tables

The first table is the Fixed Asset table which contains one record for every fixed asset. The second table is the Transaction table which contains one record for every transaction (purchase, sale, depreciate, adjustment). There is at least one transaction for every fixed asset and there can be many.

## Data Exchange

Fixed Assets sends transactions to General Ledger.
# ERP Internals/Modules/General Ledger/Reports

* Balance Sheet
* Income Statement
* Cash Flow Statement
* Custom Financial Statements
* Trial Balance
* Account Activity
* Journal
# ERP Internals/Modules/Fixed Assets/Functions

Fixed Assets has the following functions:
* Maintain Asset Information
* Enter Transactions
* Generate Depreciation
* Maintain Module Information
# ERP Internals/Modules/General Ledger/Functions

General Ledger has the following functions:
* Maintain Chart of Accounts
* Maintain Budgets
* Maintain Recurring Transactions
* Print Financial Statements
* Print Trial Balance
* Allocate Transactions
* Consolidate Transactions
* Periodic Processing
* Maintain Module Information