# Lombard/Adverbs and adverbial locutions

* The reference orthography for this page of Lombard course is New Lombard orthography

## Adverb and adverbial locution of manner

| Lombard adverb | Translation into English |
| ben | (a) well; (b) OK; (c) good |
| benon | very well |
| mal | (a) bad; (b) badly |
| mej | (a) better |
| pesg | (a) worse |
| inscì | (a) so; (b) thus; (c) such |
* 1 2 These are adjectives in English, but some lombard constructions in the type "andà" + adverb (the verb used is "andà", "to go") are transformed into English with "to be" + adjective
Under the influence of Italian language, a class of adverbs of manner has established itself, formed from the root of the adjective followed by the ending -ament:
* giustament = rightly, justly
In other cases, there are some periphrases:
* a la svelta = quickly
However, there are also cases of adverbs typical only of Lombard:
* inevid: reluctantly, unwillingly
* adasi: slowly
Adverb locutions are also widespread:
* a bellasi: slowly
* in genoggion: kneeling, on one's knees
* a tomborlon: tumbling down
* de balosset: cunningly
* de cativ: badly
* adasi adasi = very slowly

## Adverbs and adverbial locutions of place
### Adverbs of place

| Lombard adverb | Translation into English | Dialet |
| adree (1) | (1) after (with approach motion); (2) in tow | |
| adass (1) | below | (1) MI |
| dedree (1) | behind (state in place) | (1) MI |
| debass (1) | down, downstairs | (1) MI |
| apress (1) aproeuv (2) | close, near | (1) MI (2) BG |
| arent (1) | close | |
| vesin (1) visin (2) | close | |
| lontan (1) | far | |
| dessoravia (1) | above (with enfasis for being abel to stay above or for occpying even the space above), afloat | |
| denanz (1) | in front | |
| impari (1) | (a) perfectly side by side and not a bit ahead or a bit behind (b) in comparison (one next to the other also in a figurative sense in order to make a comparison) | |
| inanz (1) | forward | |
| contra (1) | against | |
| intorna (1) entoren (2) | around | (1) MI (2) BG |
| indree (1) | (a) back; (b) behind | |
| (in) depertut (1) dapartut (2) | everywhere | (1) MI BG (2) VA |
| (in) depermì (in) depertì (in) depertì (in) deperlù/(in) deperlee (in) depernun (in) depervialter (in) depelor / (in) depelor | alone (1st person singular) alone (2nd person singular) alone (3rd person singular masculine/feminine) alone (1st person plural) alone (2nd person plural) alone (3rd person plural masculine/feminine) | |
| lì (1) là (2) | there, there | |
| lilinscì (1) | there (in reference to the activity carried out or to be carried out there), in that place | |
| chì (1) scià (2) | here | |
| chichinscì (1) | here (in reference to the activity carried out or to be carried out here), in this place | |
| chì-lò (1) chì-loga (2) | here (in reference to the activity carried out or to be carried out here), in this place | (1-2) MI (archaic) |
| tut-intorna (1) | all around | |

#### Interrogative adverbs of place

Used for the construction of the interrogative sentences about the site/location/place.
| Adverb | Translation into English | Examples | Dialects |
| indove (1a) indova (2a) indovè (1b-2b) | Where | | |
| de indove (1a) de indova (2a) de indovè (1b-2b) | Where .... from | | |
    Note
* 1 2 3 4 if placed at the beginning of the sentence
* 1 2 if placed at the end of the sentence

### Adverbial locutions of place

| Locuzione avverbiale | Traduzione in italiano | Esempi | Dialet |
| a galla (1) | afloat | |
| a uss a uss (1) | neighbours | |
| chì adree (1) | nearby | | MI |
| depos a l'uss (1) | close to home | |
| (in) de tute i part (1) | everywhere | | |
| (in) de qualsessia part (1) | anywhere, in any place | | |
| de dree (1) | behind (state in place) | | |
| de facia (1) | opposite (state in place) | | |
| de foeura (1) | outside | | |
| de dent (1) | inside | | |
| de sora (1) | (1) above; (2) upstairs | | |
| de sota (1) | below, under | | |
| de bass (1) | downstairs | | |
| de là (1) | beyond??? | | |
| in fond (1) | (1) at the end; at the bottom, down | | |
| indove (1) | where (as a pronoun) to construct relative sentences | | |
| in mez (1) | in the middle | | |
| in pari (1) | (a) perfectly side by side and not a bit ahead or a bit behind (b) in comparison (one next to the other also in a figurative sense in order to make a comparison) | | |
| a voltra (1) | out, to the surface (becoming visible while it wasn't before) | vegnì a voltra | MI |
| in groppa (1) | on one's back | | |
| (in) d'una quai part (1) | somewhere | | |
| in tut i canton (1) | everywhere | | MI |
| lì adree (1) | in the neighborhood | | MI |
    Note
* ↑ in English it is translated with this noun following the verb to be

#### Interrogative adverbial locutions of place

Used for the construction of interrogative sentences and dubitative sentences
| Locution | English translation | Examples | Dialect |
| in de che part (1) | which way | | |

### Adverbial particle "ghe"

►►► see ►►► Adverbial particles

## Adverbs and adverbial locutions of time
### Adverbs of time

| Adverb | Translation into English | Dialect | Corresponding conjuctive locution | Translation into English |
| ancamò (1) anmò (2) amò (3) | (a) again (b) still (c) yet | | - |
| adess (1) | (a) now (b) right now | | - |
| dessadess (1) adsedess (2) delsadess (3) | just now | | |
| despess (1) | often | | - |
| doman | tomorrow | | |
| dopo (1) despeou (2) | later | | dopo che | after |
| finalment (1) | finally | | - |
| finadess (1) | (a) so far (b) up to now (c) until now | | - |
| sgiamò (1) | already | (1) MI BG | - |
| incoeu (1) ancoeu (2) | today | (1) MI (2) BG | |
| instora (1) | at this moment | (1) MI (arcaico) | - |
| intratanta (1) | meanwhile, in the meantime | | - |
| intanta (1) | meanwhile | | intanta che | while |
| jer | yesterday | | |
| mai (1) | (a) never (b) ever | | - |
| meneman (1) maneman (2) | gradually | | maneman che | as quickly as, hand in hand that |
| nananmò (1) gnamò (2) nancamò (3) nanmò (4) nonanmò (5) | not...yet | | - |
| oramai (1) ormai (2) | by now | (1) MI (2) MI | - |
| poeu (1) po (2) | then | (1) MI (2) BG | - |
| prima (1) | before | | prima che | before |
| pù (1) pioeù (2) | (a) not anymore (b) no longer | (1) MI (2) BG | | - |
| inanz (1) | before | | inanz che | before |
| semper (1) sempro (2) | always | (1) MI (2) Lagh | semper che | assuming (that) |
| sovenz (1) | frequently often | | |
| subit | immediately, right away | | |

### Adverbial locution of time

| Adverbial locution | Translation into English | Dialect | Corresponding conjuctive locution | Translation into English |
| a 'st'ora (1) | at this point | MI |
| adree a la man (1) | each time as they occur | MI |
| a momenti (1) | any minute, shortly | MI |
| al dì d'incoeu (1) | nowadays | MI |
| a la fin (1) | at the end, finally, in the end, eventually, ultimately | MI |
| a la fin di fin (1) | after all, ultimately | MI |
| a la svelta (1) | quickly | MI |
| bell bellin (1) | little by little | MI |
| di volte (1) | sometimes | MI |
| de chì inanz (1) | (a) from now on (b) from here on out | MI |
| de dì in dì (1) | day by day | MI |
| de lì adree (1) | shortly thereafter, quickly thereafter | MI |
| de lì e lì (1) | at any moment, at any time | MI |
| d'ora inanz (1) | (a) from now on (b) from here on out | MI |
| dent per dent (1) | from time to time | MI |
| de maneman (1) | gradually, a little at a time | MI |
| de rar (1) | rarely, seldom | MI |
| de spess (1) | often, frequently | MI |
| de solit (1) | usually | MI |
| de strasora (1) | after hours | MI |
| de tant in tant (1) | from time to time | MI |
| de 'sti dì (1) | these days | MI |
| d'un moment con l'alter (1) | at any moment, any minute now | MI |
| fin'a l'ultim (1) fina in ultim (2) | to the bitter end | (1) MI (2) MI |
| foeura d'ora (1) | after hours | MI |
| in d'un bof (1) | in a breath | MI |
| in men de quell (1) | in no time | MI |
| in (sui) ultim (1) | at the end | MI |
| in sul moment (1) | on the spot, at the time | MI |
| in seguit (1) | (a) after; (b) afterward | MI |
| per adess (1) | for now | MI |
| per intanta (1) | for the moment | MI |
| per semper (1) | forever | MI |
| prima de tut (1) | first of all | MI |
| per un poo de volte (1) | for a few times, several times | MI |
| poch a poch (1) | little by little, gradually | MI |
| (una) quai volta (1) | sometimes | |
| quand se sia (1) | when it happens | MI |
| tra poch (1) | shortly | MI |
| via via (1) | progressively | | via via che | as |

### Adverbial locutions of time

Usage for interrogative sentences
| Adverb | Translation into English | Examples | Dialects |
| Quandè che (1) | When | | |

## Adverbs e adverbial locution of quantity
### Adverbs of quantity

| Adverbs in lombard | Translation into English | Dialects |
| apena (1) | just | MI |
| altertant (1) | just as, equally | MI |
| almanch (1) almen (2) per el manch (3) | at least | (1) MI (2) MI (3) MI |
| assee (1) | quite, enough | MI |
| assosenn (1) sossenn (2) | very | (1) MI (archaic) (2) MI |
| circa (1) | about, around | MI |
| circumcirca (1) | roughly, approximately | MI |
| domà (1) | just | MI |
| fess (1) fiss (2) | very | (1) Eastern Lombard |
| fina-mai (1) | extremely | (1) MI |
| molto (1) | very | MI |
| pressapoch (1) | roughly, mor or less | MI |
| quasi (1) squas (2) | almost | MI |
| pussee (1) pioeù (2) | most | (1) MI (2) BG |
| trop (1) | too | MI |
| piuttosto (1) | pretty | MI |

### Locuzioni avverbiali di quantità

| Locuzione in lombardo | Traduzione in italiano | Dialetto |
| pussee o men (1) | more or less | MI |
| del poch al tant (1) | slightly more or less | MI |
| lì adree a (1) | about, approximately | MI |

## Adverbs and adverbial locutions of addition
### Adverbs of addition

These words, within the sentence, depending on how they are used, can also play the role of copulative conjunctions
| Adverb in Lombard | translation into English | Dialect |
| inoltra (1) | also | (1) MI |
| dessorapù (1) | in addiction | (1) MI |
| anca (1) | also, moreover | (1) MI |

### Adverbial locution of addiction

| Adverbial locution in Lombard | translation into English | Dialect |
| in pu (1) | furthermore | (1) MI |
| per de pu (1) | furthermore | (1) MI |
| de sora maross (1) | in addiction, as an extra | (1) MI |
| in pagament (1) | moreover, furthermore | (1) MI |

## Adverbs of evaluation
### Affirmative adverbs and adverbial locutions
#### Affirmative adverbs

| Adverb in Lombard | Translation into English | Dialect |
| si(1) | yes | MI |
| of(1) | (a) Pheuw (b) Yeah | MI |
| sigura (1) | definitively | MI |

#### Adverbs of evaluation

| Adverbial locution in Lombard | Translation into English | Examples | Dialect |
| de sicur (1) | definitively | | MI |
Other expressions: sigura de sì= yes of course
    Note
* ↑ when used in affirmative answers can replace a whole sentence
* ↑ when used in affirmative answers can replace a whole sentence

### Negating adverbs

| Adverb in Lombard | Translation into English | Examples | Dialects |
| nò(1a) nò(1b) * | (a) not (b) no | (1a) Mi ghe credi nò (I don't believe it.) | (1a) MI Br PV LO (1b) All dialects |
| no (0) * | not | (0) Mi no credi pù a nagot I don't believe in anything anymore. | (0) |
| minga (1) menga (2) mia (3) mea (4) miga (5) migna (6) * | not | (1) Mi ghe credi minga (I don't believe it.) | (1) MI (2) Lagh (3) MIBG PV (4)VA (5)Vtel (6)CO |
| nanca (1) nanch (2) gnanca (3) neanca (4) gnanch (5) | (a) not even (b) not either | | (1-2-3-5)MI (4)Lagh |
Also nananmò - and its dialectal variants - (not yet) and mai (never) are negating adverbs.
* the use of negative adverbs is explained here and here.
    Note
* ↑ when used in affirmative answers can replace a whole sentence
* ↑ spelling rule is still not unique, it can also be written without accent
* ↑ countryside around Milan

## Adverbs of doubt

| Adverb in Lombard | Translation into English | Dialects |
| forsi (1) forse (1) | maybe | (1) MI (2) BG |
| magara (1) | maybe | (1) MI |
| probabilment (1) | probably | (1) MI |
| facilment (1) | probably | (1) MI |
| quasi (1) squas (2) | (a) almost (b) nearly | (1) MI (2) MI |

## Interrogative adverbs

►see►►► Direct interrogative sentences

## Exclamatory adverbs

| Adverb in Lombard | Translation into English | Examples | Dialect |
| se (1) | how | Se l'è bell! (How beatiful (it is)!) | MI |
| come (1) | how | Come l'è bell! (How beatiful (it is)!) | MI |

## Adverb and adverbial locutions for conclusions
### Adverb for conclusion

| Adverb in Lombard | Translation into English | Examples | Dialect |
| dopo-tut (1) | after all | | MI |

### Adverbial locutions for conclusion

| Adverb in Lombard | Translation into English | Dialect |
| a bon cunt (1) | however, after all | (1) MI |
| a la fin de la fera (1) | at the end of the day | (1) MI |
| a la fin fin (1) | ultimately, in the end | (1) MI |
| in fin de l'ascia (1) in coo de l'ascia (2) | at the end of the day | (1-2) MI |
| in fin di cunt (1) | at the end of the day | (1) MI |
| in tute i manere (1) de tute i manere (2) | anyway | |
| in ogni modo (1) | anyway | (1) MI |
| comunque (1) | however, anyway | (1) MI |