OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Japanese/Vocabulary/Glaciology

| Japanese | English | Reading | Notes |
| 侵食 | ablation | しんしょく | |
| 加速度 | acceleration | かそくど | |
| 堆積 | accumulation | たいせき | |
| 空気 | air | くうき | |
| アルベド | albedo | アルベド | |
| 南極 | Antarctica | なんきょく | |
| 北極 | Arctic | ほっきょく | |
| 北極海 | Arctic ocean | ほっきょくかい | |
| 大気 | atmosphere | たいき | |
| 雪崩 | avalanche | なだれ | |
| 底面すべり | basal sliding | ていめんすべり | |
| 基盤岩 | bedrock | きばんがん | |
| ボアホール, ボーリング孔 | borehole | ボアホール, ボーリングこう | |
| カービング | calving | カービング | |
| 二酸化炭素 | carbon dioxide | にさんかたんそ | |
| 水路 | channel | すいろ | |
| クラスレートハイドレート | clathrate hydrate | クラスレートハイドレート | |
| 気候 | climate | きこう | |
| コア | core | コア | |
| クリープ | creep | クリープ | |
| クレバス | crevasse | クレバス | |
| 寒冷圏 | cryosphere | かんれいけん | |
| 結晶 | crystal | けっしょう | |
| 塑性変形 | deformation | そせいへんけい | |
| 密度 | density | みつど | |
| 変位 | displacement | へんい | |
| 流氷 | drift ice | りゅうひょう | |
| ドリル | drill | ドリル | |
| ダスト | dust | ダスト | |
| エネルギー収支 | energy balance | エネルギーしゅうし | |
| 侵食 | erosion | しんしょく | |
| 高速氷流 | fast ice flow | こうそくひょうりゅう | |
| フィルン | firn | フィルン | |
| 氷期 | glacial (period) | ひょうき | |
| 氷河 | glacier | ひょうが | |
| 氷流 | glacial flow | ひょうりゅう | |
| 雪氷学 | glaciology | せっぴょうがく | |
| 地球温暖化 | global warming | ちきゅうおんだんか | |
| グリーンランド | Greenland | グリーンランド | |
| 熱伝導 | heat conductivity | ねつでんどう | |
| 熱フラックス | heat flux | ねつふらっくす | |
| ハインリヒ・イベント | Heinrich event | ハインリヒ・イベント | |
| ? | hot-water drill | ? | |
| 氷 | ice | こおり | |
| 氷河期 | ice age | ひょうがき | |
| 氷山 | iceberg | ひょうざん | |
| 氷帽、アイスキャップ | ice cap | ひょうぼう、アイスキャップ | |
| 氷原 | ice field | ひょうげん | |
| 氷流 | ice flow | ひょうりゅう | |
| ? | ice rise | ? | |
| ? | ice rumple | ? | |
| 氷床 | ice sheet | ひょうしょう | |
| 棚氷 | ice shelf | たなごおり | |
| 氷流 | ice stream | ひょうりゅう | |
| 間氷期 | interglacial (period) | かんぴょうき | |
| アイソスタシー | isostasy | アイソスタシー | |
| 同位体、同位元素、アイソトープ | isotope | どういたい、どういげんそ、アイソトープ | |
| 最終氷期 | Last Glacial Maximum | さいしゅうひょうき | |
| 地殻 | lithosphere | ちかく | |
| 小氷期 | Little Ice Age | しょうひょうき | |
| 質量収支、マスバランス | mass balance | しつりょうしゅうし、マスバランス | |
| 雪解け水 | meltwater | ゆきどけみず | |
| ミランコビッチ・サイクル | Milankovitch cycle | ミランコビッチ・サイクル | |
| モデル | model | モデル | |
| 堆石 | moraine | たいせき、モレーン | |
| 山 | mountain | やま | |
| 垂直応力 | normal stress | すいちょくおうりょく | |
| 海洋 | ocean | かいひょう | |
| 流出氷河 | outlet glacier | りゅうしゅつひょうが | |
| 雨 | rain | あめ | |
| 高速氷流 | rapid ice flow | こうそくひょうりゅう | |
| 海氷 | sea ice | かいひょう | |
| 堆積物 | sediment | たいせきぶつ | |
| 剪断応力 | shear stress | せんだんおうりょく | |
| シミュレーション | simulation | シミュレーション | |
| 雪、積雪 | snow | ゆき、せきせつ | 積雪: fallen snow |
| 南極海 | Southern ocean | なんきょくかい | |
| 比熱 | specific heat | ひねつ | |
| 定常状態 | steady state | ていじょうじょうたい | |
| 歪 | strain | ゆがみ | |
| 歪み速度 | strain rate | ゆがみそくど | |
| 応力 | stress | おうりょく | |
| サージ | surge | サージ | |
| 温度 | temperature | おんど | |
| 氷河海岸 | tidewater glacier | ひょうがかいがん | |
| 谷氷河 | valley glacier | たにひょうが | |
| 変動 | variability | へんどう | |
| 速度 | velocity | そくど | |
| 水 | water | みず | |
| 天気 | weather | てんき | |
# Minimizing Hard Disk Drive Failure and Data Loss/Electricity Control
## Power protection

An energy spike can burn the circuitry of a drive and also destroy the data in it, in addition to damaging other system components. To deal with these and other power problems, a surge protector is essential.
An energy spike can also be transmitted into the computer via other cables, such as a telephone, coaxial or network cable. Special surge protectors to deal with surges from these sources are available. One such item for comprehensive surge protection for use in the U.S. is APC PF11VNT3. While the risk of a spike from these sources may depend upon the locality and is low, damage to a drive can ensue in the event of a surge.
In locations susceptible to brownouts or other power quality issues, a power conditioner or voltage regulator can be used. Some PSUs may be designed to work with variable or reduced voltages.
A power outage can also possibly result in damage to a drive. In locations that are particularly susceptible to power outages, a uninterruptible power supply (UPS) can be used at least for desktop computers. This is because desktops, unlike laptops, do not contain a battery to power them.
An external drive that obtains its power from the computer, such as via USB or Firewire, should not be unplugged until it has been prepared for removal first and has stopped spinning.

## Electrostatic protection

The circuitry on a drive is electrostatic sensitive. It is therefore essential to ground oneself prior to coming in contact with a drive. In addition, antistatic devices such as an antistatic agent and an antistatic wrist strap can be used. A drive must be enclosed in an antistatic bag or antistatic bubble wrap if it is to be stored. The risk of an electrostatic discharge is higher when the humidity is low. In practice, however, an electrostatic discharge is generally not one of the causes of a drive failure.

## Cabling

PATA drives use a molex connector for supplying power to the drive. This connector is polarized, so it cannot be incorrectly inserted into the drive. A poorly designed connector on a power cable, however, may not be polarized. A lack of polarization creates an opportunity for the connector to be inserted incorrectly. Incorrect insertion will switch the +12V yellow and +5V red cable connections. This will cause an overvoltage in the drive which will likely damage it. Cables with such connectors and PSUs that have such cables should therefore never be used. Due to the different type of power connector used by SATA drives, those drives do not carry this risk.
An incorrect power cord plugged into an external drive can cause overvoltage in the drive possibly damaging it. This is a risk when multiple power cords and adapters for different devices are present in the vicinity of the external drive. Power cords can be labeled if necessary to ensure that only the correct cord is used.
# Minimizing Hard Disk Drive Failure and Data Loss/Introduction

The strategies for minimizing hard disk drive failure and the consequent data loss are:
* Data redundancy using RAID, backups, parchives (parity archives), and sharing
* Delaying drive failure by identifying its causes and acting to prevent some of those causes
* Detecting an impending drive failure by monitoring drive health and using early warning signs
* Reducing one's data by means of routine cleanups and data compression software
* Managing drive life cycle by appropriate drive selection, performing a burn-in, and doing routine replacements
Data loss may be caused by other factors, such as a virus or a user error, and not always by drive failure.
A drive may appear to stop working, but this doesn't necessarily have to be the result of a drive failure. It can often be the result of a problem with a data or power cable being loose or damaged, or with an expansion card or enclosure. The process of elimination can be used to aid in troubleshooting. The relevant cables can be swapped and checked to ensure that they are correctly plugged in. If an expansion card is used, the drive can be tested with a different port on the card. If an enclosure is used, the drive can be tested in a different enclosure, or a different drive can be tested in the enclosure.
Information for data recovery once data loss has occurred is not included. Additionally, relevant information is not duplicated en masse from Wikibooks or Wikipedia. This is in an attempt to reduce information duplication. Links to such information are included instead.
While most of the stated strategies apply exclusively to hard disk drives, some also apply to solid-state drives. In particular, these include electricity control, redundancy, and antivirus protection.

## Prerequisite reading

* Disk failures and their metrics
* Hard disk failure

## Optional reading

* Service life
* Bathtub curve
# Minix 3

MINIX 3 is a new open-source operating system designed as highly reliable, flexible, and secure. It is loosely based somewhat on previous versions of MINIX, but is fundamentally different in many key ways. This is an attempt at creating a book about MINIX 3.

## Table of Contents
### About This book

    The History of Minix 3
    Future Roles for Minix 3
    Teaching Operating Systems
    Legal Matters

### A Brief Introduction to the Concepts of MINIX 3

    Architecture and Design of MINIX 3
    Processes
    Input/Output
    Memory Management
    File System

### Getting Started with MINIX 3

    First Steps
    Installation
    Being an Administrator
    Using the X-Environment
    Setting up Your Network
    Tools

### Appendix A: MINIX 3 on Emulators

    Minix 3 on VMware
    Minix 3 on QEMU
    Minix 3 on Bochs
    Minix 3 on VirtualBox
    Minix 3 on Virtual PC
    Minix 3 on Parallels Desktop
# Minimizing Hard Disk Drive Failure and Data Loss/Stress Control
## Fragmentation control

File system fragmentation increases disk head movement, thus possibly decreasing the life of a drive. It is therefore possible that defragmentation increases the lifespan of the drive by minimizing its head movement and simplifying data access operations.
Additionally, file systems such as NTFS and most Unix and Linux file systems are designed to decrease the likelihood of fragmentation. This is an added reason for preferring NTFS over FAT32 under Windows. In Windows 2000 and higher, a FAT32 file system can be converted to NTFS using the convert.exe tool.
Routine defragmentation of solid-state drives is not recommended, as it may reduce the drive's lifespan.
Defragmenting your hard drive in Windows can usually be done through the start menu, listed under accessories and system utilities. You can also defragment from mmc.exe, the Microsoft Management Console, by adding the disk defragmenter snap-in. Note that you might need administrator privileges to defragment your drive.

## Power cycling control

Shutting down and rebooting a computer or resuming it from hibernation cycles the power to the drives in the computer. The spin-up operation performed by a drive after a power cycle is believed to place more stress on the drive than running the drive continuously for a long period of time.
Based on professional experience of system administrators, it is believed that there is a direct relationship between the number of power cycles of a computer and the probability of failure of its drives. In other words, a computer with a high uptime may have a lower probability of drive failure than one that has been power cycled routinely.

## References

* ↑ "OCZ Vertex Series SATA II 2.5" SSD". OCZ Technology. Retrieved 2009-02-24. Solid State Drives do not require defragmentation. It may decrease the lifespan of the drive.
# Minimizing Hard Disk Drive Failure and Data Loss/Recovering Data After a Hard Disk Drive Failure

Although many companies offer services to recover data after a hard drive failure, the price can be steep. There are also companies that offer data recovery software ranging in price from $30 to over $100. However, data recovery is often possible for no cost (other than your time) through the use of one of the many variations of Linux LiveCD which can be burned to a bootable CD or DVD. Because Linux is open-source, you can download and create such a CD or DVD and the only cost will be for the CD or DVD you use. You can find a list of LiveCD variations at .
# Minimizing Hard Disk Drive Failure and Data Loss/Reference
## Appendices
### Managing backups and revisions

If multiple generations of backups or revisions are stored, as they usually are, older generations must eventually be deleted due to storage capacity limitations.

#### FIFO approach

A naive approach to deleting past generations would be to always delete the oldest generations until there is sufficient capacity for the upcoming generations. This is analogous to FIFO. This approach, however, is naive and can lead to data loss. To understand why, consider a file in which an an error is introduced. Several generations of backups and revisions have since occurred. The error is then detected. At this time, it would be pointless to have all of the most recent generations because all of them have the error. It would instead be beneficial to have at least one of the older generations, as it would not have the error.

#### DWMY approach

A better approach is to keep generations distributed across all points in time. This can be done by storing daily backups for the past one to two weeks, weekly backups for the past one to two months, monthly backups for the past six months to a year, and yearly backups. Quarterly and/or biannual backups can also be kept.

#### Weighted random approach

An alternative approach to keeping generations distributed across all points in time is to delete past generations (except the first and the last generation) when necessary in a weighted-random fashion. For each desired deletion, the weight assigned to each of the past generations signifies the probability of it being deleted. One acceptable weight is a constant exponent (possibly the square) of the multiplicative inverse of the duration (possibly expressed in the number of days) between the date of the generation and the generation available before it.
Using a larger exponent leads to a more uniform distribution of generations, whereas a smaller exponent lead to a distribution with more recent and less older generations. While a proof is not offered for this assertion, empirical results suggest it to be true. This technique thus ensures that past generations are always distributed across all points in time as desired.

#### Physical reasons for hard drive failure

There are several different physical causes of hard drive failure.

## External links

* ↑ ReWave Data Recovery. "Physical reasons for hard drive failure" (mirror)
* ↑ Phil Dotree. "Common causes of hard drive failure". 2006.
* How to prevent hard-drive failure
* Five things you can do to prevent a hard drive failure
* Diagnosing bad hard drives
* Prolonging the life of a hard drive
* 8 hard drive safety tips

## Related reading

* Popdisk backup system
* Case study of one company's methods
* Recovering data after a hard disk drive failure
* How to backup an operating system
* Choosing the right file format
* Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology
# Vocab: Family

Notes
* If we look at the table, we see that the word for friend has both masculine and feminine forms. These must be used according to gender actually present. It is no good referring to a female friend with the masculine word. It does not make any sense and can cause confusion.
* Notice how the αυτός changes to αυτή when the gender of the person being introduced changes. They must always agree.
Examples
Sample Dialogues
Tatiana is having a conversation with Paco.
    Τατιάνα: Είσαι Γερμανός;
    Πάκο: Όχι, δεν είμαι Γερμανός. Είμαι Ισπανός. Εσύ είσαι Αμερικανίδα;
    Τατιάνα: Όχι, δεν είμαι Αμερικανίδα αλλά Αγγλίδα.
    Πάκο:
Contents Lesson 1 • Lesson 2 • Lesson 3 • Lesson 4 • Lesson 5 • Lesson 6 • Lesson 7 • Lesson 8 • Lesson 9 • Lesson 10 Vocab 1 • Vocab 2 • Vocab 3 • Vocab 4 • Vocab 5 • Vocab 6 • Vocab 7 • Vocab 8 • Vocab 9 Alphabet • Grammar Credits
# Vocab: Countryside

| η ύπαιθρος | the countryside ("open air", ~"ether") |
| το χωριό | the village |
| η φύση | the nature (~"physics") |
| το αγρόκτημα | the farm (~"agriculture") |
| ο αγρότης | the farmer |
| το ζώο | the animal (~"zoo") |
| το φυτό | the plant |
| το δέντρο | the tree (~"dendrite") |
| το δάσος | the forest |
| ο γάïδαρος | the donkey |
| το άλογο | the horse |
| η αγελάδα | the cow |
| ο ταύρος | the bull (~"taurus") |
| η κατσίκα | the goat |
| το πουλί | the bird |
| το κοτόπουλο | the chicken |
| πετώ | to fly |
| η μύγα | the fly |
| η μέλισσα | the bee (~"mellifluous", honeyed) |
| το μυρμήγκι | the ant |
| το μονοπάτι | the path, trail |
| στενός | narrow (~"stenographer") |
| το στενό | the mountain pass |
| πάω περίπατο/πάω βόλτα | to go for a walk (~"peripatetic") |
| το βουνό | the mountain |
| ο λόφος | the hill |
| η κοιλάδα | the valley |
| ο ποταμός/το ποτάμι | the river (~"hippopotamus") |
| το ρυάκι | the stream, creek |
| ο βράχος | the rock |
| το έδαφος | the soil |
| ο βορράς; βόρειος | the north; northern (~"aurora borealis") |
| ο νότος; νότιος | the south; southern |
| η ανατολή; ανατολικός | the east; eastern (~"Anatolia") |
| η δύση; δυτικός | the west; west |
| ο ήλιος | the sun (~"helium," which was first detected in the sun) |
| η σελήνη | the moon |
| ο ουρανός | the sky (~"Uranus," the sky god) |
| η σκιά | the shadow |
| το αστέρι/το άστρο | the star (~"astronaut") |
| η Γη | the Earth |
Examples:
| Πού είναι το μονοπάτι; | Where is the path? |
| Το μονοπάτι είναι στενό. | The trail is narrow. |
| το άλογο του αγρότη | the farmer's horse |
| η κοιλάδα της σκιάς του θανάτου | the valley of the shadow of death |
# Vocab 6: In the House

Contents Lesson 1 • Lesson 2 • Lesson 3 • Lesson 4 • Lesson 5 • Lesson 6 • Lesson 7 • Lesson 8 • Lesson 9 • Lesson 10 Vocab 1 • Vocab 2 • Vocab 3 • Vocab 4 • Vocab 5 • Vocab 6 • Vocab 7 • Vocab 8 • Vocab 9 Alphabet • Grammar Credits
# Vocab 7: Around Town

Contents Lesson 1 • Lesson 2 • Lesson 3 • Lesson 4 • Lesson 5 • Lesson 6 • Lesson 7 • Lesson 8 • Lesson 9 • Lesson 10 Vocab 1 • Vocab 2 • Vocab 3 • Vocab 4 • Vocab 5 • Vocab 6 • Vocab 7 • Vocab 8 • Vocab 9 Alphabet • Grammar Credits
# Vocab: Clothing / Τα ρούχα

Contents Lesson 1 • Lesson 2 • Lesson 3 • Lesson 4 • Lesson 5 • Lesson 6 • Lesson 7 • Lesson 8 • Lesson 9 • Lesson 10 Vocab 1 • Vocab 2 • Vocab 3 • Vocab 4 • Vocab 5 • Vocab 6 • Vocab 7 • Vocab 8 • Vocab 9 Alphabet • Grammar Credits
# Vocab: The Colors / Τα Χρώματα

| μαύρο | black |
| άσπρο / λευκό | white |
| κόκκινο | red |
| κίτρινο | yellow |
| πράσινο | green |
| γαλανό / γαλάζιο | azure, light blue |
| κυανό | cyan |
| μπλέ (transliteration from french: bleu) | blue |
| πορτοκαλί (from the fruit) | orange |
| καφέ (from coffee) | brown |
| μωβ/μοβ (transliteration) | mauve |
| γκρίζο | grey |
Examples:
| Το λουλούδι είναι κόκκινο. | The flower is red. |
| Τα λουλούδια είναι άσπρα. | The flowers are white. |
Since το χρώμα (the color) is a neuter noun, we use the neuter gender to refer to itself, although we use the masculine or feminine gender to refer to it as a characteristic of a masculine or feminine noun:
* το μαύρο χρώμα
* ο μαύρος σκύλος
* η μαύρη γάτα
* τα μαύρα μάτια
Foreign words like μπλέ do not change to show case or number:
| το μπλε κασκόλ (french: cache-col) | the blue scarf |
| τα μπλε κασκόλ (french: cache-col) | the blue scarves |
Contents Lesson 1 • Lesson 2 • Lesson 3 • Lesson 4 • Lesson 5 • Lesson 6 • Lesson 7 • Lesson 8 • Lesson 9 • Lesson 10 Vocab 1 • Vocab 2 • Vocab 3 • Vocab 4 • Vocab 5 • Vocab 6 • Vocab 7 • Vocab 8 • Vocab 9 Alphabet • Grammar Credits
# Vocab: Food and Restaurants

The verbs τρώγω (to eat) is irregular in all tense, and πίνω (to drink) is irregular outside of the present.
Contents Lesson 1 • Lesson 2 • Lesson 3 • Lesson 4 • Lesson 5 • Lesson 6 • Lesson 7 • Lesson 8 • Lesson 9 • Lesson 10 Vocab 1 • Vocab 2 • Vocab 3 • Vocab 4 • Vocab 5 • Vocab 6 • Vocab 7 • Vocab 8 • Vocab 9 Alphabet • Grammar Credits
# Vocab: Professions

Contents Lesson 1 • Lesson 2 • Lesson 3 • Lesson 4 • Lesson 5 • Lesson 6 • Lesson 7 • Lesson 8 • Lesson 9 • Lesson 10 Vocab 1 • Vocab 2 • Vocab 3 • Vocab 4 • Vocab 5 • Vocab 6 • Vocab 7 • Vocab 8 • Vocab 9 Alphabet • Grammar Credits
# Vocab: Ο καιρός

This is a vocabulary summary only.

## Present Tense
# The seasons

| το καλοκαίρι | the summer |
| το φθινόπωρο | the fall; the autumn |
| ο χειμώνας | the winter |
| η άνοιξη | the spring |

# The weather

Vocabulary:
| ο καιρός | the weather |
| η λιακάδα | the sunshine |
| το σύννεφο | the cloud |
| η βροχή | the rain |
| η μπόρα | the (rain) shower |
| η καταιγίδα | the storm |
| η βροντή | the thunder |
| η αστραπή | the lightning |
| ο κεραυνός | the thunder |
| βρέχω | to moisten |
| βρέχει | it rains |
| το χιόνι | the snow |
| χιονίζει | it snows |
| το χιονόνερο | the sleet |
| η ομίχλη | the fog |
| η καταχνιά | the mist |
| η πάχνη | the dew |
| το χαλάζι | the hail |
| ο παγετός | the frost |
Examples:
| Θέλετε να πάμε για περίπατο στο μονοπάτι για το χωριό; Δε βρέχει. | Do you want to go for a walk on the path to the village? It isn't raining. |
| Ηταν καλοκαίρι, αλλά έβρεχε. | It was summer, but it was raining. |
| Κάνει ζέστη σήμερα. | It's hot today. |
| Κάνει κρύο στο βουνό. | It's cold on the mountain. |
| Δε θέλουμε νά πάμε με τα πόδια, γιατί βρέχει. | We don't want to go on foot, because it's raining. |
| Ο Δίας είναι ο γιος του Κρόνου και της Ρέας. Είναι θεός του ουρανού και της βροντής. | Zeus is the son of Kronos and Rhea. He is the god of the sky and the thunder. |
NB: To be raining, windy and snowing all have dedicated verbs and so there is no need to say "It is." NB: Unlike in English we don't use "It is" sunny, but rather "It has" sun. I think this is common in non-English languages (it's certainly true in French).
Contents Lesson 1 • Lesson 2 • Lesson 3 • Lesson 4 • Lesson 5 • Lesson 6 • Lesson 7 • Lesson 8 • Lesson 9 • Lesson 10 Vocab 1 • Vocab 2 • Vocab 3 • Vocab 4 • Vocab 5 • Vocab 6 • Vocab 7 • Vocab 8 • Vocab 9 Alphabet • Grammar Credits
# Koine Greek/15
## 9. The First Declension

The first declension ends in either α or η, and is usually feminine, but there are exceptions. They follow the following pattern.
ἡ γραφή - The writing :
| | Singular | Plural |
| Nom | ἡ γραφή | αἱ γραφαί |
| Gen | τῆς γραφῆς | τῶν γραφῶν |
| Dat | τῇ γραφῇ | ταῖς γραφαῖς |
| Acc | τὴν γραφήν | τὰς γραφάς |
ἡ καρδία - The heart :
| | Singular | Plural |
| Nom | ἡ καρδία | αἱ καρδίαι |
| Gen | τῆς καρδίας | τῶν καρδίων |
| Dat | τῇ καρδίᾳ | ταῖς καρδίαις |
| Acc | τὴν καρδίαν | τὰς καρδίας |
# Koine Greek/2. Additional Information: Accents

In the learning of Koine Greek, accents are not very significant, and are often ignored entirely (particularly in the study of the New Testament and Septuagint). Even in the study of Classical Greek, only a rudimentary knowledge of accents is necessary. However, for the sake of comprehensiveness, the information regarding them is provided below.

### Accents and Morae

Ancient Greek was a language that distinguished between long and short syllables. Recall that the letters omicron and epsilon always denote short vowels. Iota, alpha, and upsilon can denote either short or long versions, but the letters eta and omega are always long, and all the diphthongs are long, except that αι and οι are usually short at the end of a word. The difference between long and short vowels is the number of morae (singular: mora) it contains. A short vowel counts as one mora, and a long vowel counts as two. Here are basic rules of accentuation:
* Almost every Ancient Greek word has an accent, and the accent will always fall on one of the last three syllables. Examples: οὐ-δείς, Ἀ-σί-α, ἄν-θρω-πος.
* When a short vowel takes the acute accent, its pitch is rising. When a long vowel takes the acute, its second mora has a rising pitch. The mora immediately following has a falling pitch, even if it is on the next word.
* A circumflex can occur only over a long vowel. It indicates that the first mora has a rising pitch and the second a falling pitch. It is only allowed to occur on the last two syllables.
* The pronunciation of the grave accent is not precisely known. An acute accent on the last syllable (the ultima) changes into a grave unless the word stands last in its clause. The grave does not occur under any other circumstances. Example: ὁρ-ῶ αὐ-τό, but αὐ-τὸ ὁ-ρῶ.
* If the last syllable is long, the accent will not fall on the third last syllable (the antepenult). (This rule has exceptions, but don't worry about them right now.)
* If the second last syllable (the penult) is long and it takes the accent:
       The accent will be an acute if and only if the ultima is long. Examples: βαί-νω, σῴ-ζω
       The accent will be a circumflex if and only if the ultima is short. Examples: βαῖ-νε, σῷ-ζε
* Information is pulled from the Wikibook on Ancient (classical) Greek: http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek/Alphabet#Diacritical_Marks