OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 99 Elm Problems/Problem 91

Find a path for for a chess knight on an NxN chessboard such that it visits every square exactly once? A set of solutions is given on the The_Knights_Tour page. Hints: Represent the squares by pairs of their coordinates of the form X/Y, where both X and Y are integers between 1 and N. (Note that '/' is just a convenient functor, not division!) Define the relation jump(N,X/Y,U/V) to express the fact that a knight can jump from X/Y to U/V on a NxN chessboard. And finally, represent the solution of our problem as a list of N*N knight positions (the knight's tour).
# # # THIS IS A STUB # # #
Result:
Solutions
# A-level Biology/Biology Foundation

Biology foundation provides both an introduction to biology and also covers all the basic concepts that will be used throughout most of the other units. This unit is essential to the course structure.

## Contents

* Cell Structure (May 21, 2008)
* Biological Molecules (May 27, 2008)
* Enzymes (May 29, 2008)
* Cell Membranes and Transport (May 29, 2008)
* Protein Structure and Function (May 30, 2008)
* Nuclear Division (May 30, 200)
* Energy and Ecosystems (May 29, 2008)
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Chemical burn

1. For wet chemicals, immediately flush the area with large amounts of water, using a shower or hose, if available. Do not apply water too forcefully. Continue to flood the area while the clothing, including shoes and socks, is being removed. Continue to flush with running water for at least 20 minutes.
    For dry chemicals, brush off the chemical, then flush with water as above.
       For acid burns caused by phenol (carbolic acid), wash the affected area with alcohol because phenol is not water soluble; then wash with water. If alcohol is not available, flushing with water is better than no treatment at all.
2. Call an ambulance
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Choking

Coughing is the body's natural defense against choking, and it is generally very effective. If the victim is coughing, do not interfere. If the victim stops coughing (or was never coughing in the first place), ask her "are you choking?" If the victim indicates that she is choking, tell her you are going to help her. To do this, you will need to perform the Heimlich Maneuver.
Briefly, a person performing the Heimlich Maneuver uses their hands to exert pressure on the bottom of the diaphragm. This compresses the lungs and exerts pressure on any object lodged in the trachea, hopefully expelling it. This amounts to an artificial cough. (The victim of an obstructed airway, having lost the ability to draw air into the lungs, has lost the ability to cough on their own.)
Even when performed correctly, the Heimlich Maneuver can injure the person it is performed on. The Heimlich Maneuver should never be performed on someone who can still cough, breathe, or speak. It should not be demonstrated or practiced on a healthy, non-choking person.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Cramps

Cramps
There are two basic causes of cramping. One is inadequate oxygenation of muscle, and the other is lack of water or salt. Cramps from poor oxygenation can be improved by rapid deep breathing, and stretching the muscle. Cramps from lack of salt and water can be treated by stretching the muscle, drinking water and eating salt. Pounding on the muscle can increase soreness.
What happens in a cramp is that lactic acid builds up because of normal anaerobic muscle metabolism. When the muscle burns sugar without enough oxygen, it makes lactic acid. The lactic acid finally becomes concentrated enough to trigger the contraction of the muscle. When the muscle lacks salt, the nerves firing the muscle are unable to recharge properly, causing a similar effect.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Cravat bandage to head

This bandage is useful to control bleeding from wounds of the scalp or forehead. After placing a compress over the wound, place the center of the cravat over the compress and carry the ends around to the opposite side; cross them, continue to carry them around to the starting point, and tie in a square knot.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Epilepsy

Epilepsy, also known as seizures or fits, is a condition characterized by an abnormal focus of activity in the brain that produces severe motor responses or changes in consciousness. Fortunately, epilepsy can often be controlled by medications. Grand mal (tonic-clonic) seizure is the more serious type of seizure. Grand mal seizures may be - but are not always - preceded by an aura. The victim soon comes to recognize these auras, which allows him time to lie down and prepare for the seizure’s onset. A burst of nerve impulses from the brain causes unconsciousness and generalized muscular contractions, often with loss of bladder and bowel control. The primary dangers in a grand mal seizure are injuries resulting from falls and the convulsions as well as a cessation of breathing. A period of unconsciousness or mental confusion follows this type of seizure. When full consciousness returns, the victim will have little or no recollection of the seizure.
First aid is aimed at preventing the patient from injuring himself or herself. Nothing should be placed between the patient’s teeth for any reason. Never try to restrain a victim during convulsions; however, do not leave them alone.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Fainting

Fainting is a self-correcting, temporary form of shock. It often is the result of a temporary gravitational pooling of the blood as a person stands up. As the person falls, blood again rushes to the head, and the problem is solved. Usually, the serious problems related to fainting are injuries that occur when falling down from the temporary loss of consciousness. Fainting may be caused by stressful situations.
If a person faints (is feels he is about to faint) do the following:
* Lay victim down
* Elevate feet
* Loosen tight clothing
* Maintain an open airway
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Electric wire contact

First, do not touch a person who comes into contact with a live electric wire. If you do, the electricity will also flow through your body, and there will be two victims instead of one. Instead, if you can quickly turn off the power source, do so immediately. If it cannot be turned off quickly, try to knock the wire off with something that does not conduct electricity, such as a shoe (take it off first), a wooden broom handle, or a wooden chair.
Once the victim has been separated from the electric power source, check for breathing. If the victim is not breathing, begin artificial respiration (mouth-to-mouth).
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Carry by extremities

An injured person can be carried by his extremities as shown here. However, this carry should not be used to carry a person who has serious wounds or broken bones.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Clothes on fire

Get the person to the ground and roll him over and over on the ground. Another option is to wrap the victim with a blanket, coat, or jacket if one is handy. If your own clothes catch on fire, stop, drop, and roll - do the same thing to yourself as you would to someone else.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Dehydration

Dehydration is the depletion of water from the body. It can be prevented by drinking plenty of water, especially during periods of physical exertion. One to five percent dehydration will make you lose your appetite, become sleepy and nauseated, and begin to vomit. As dehydration goes up to 10 percent, dizziness results. You will have headaches, difficulty in breathing, tingling of the legs and arms caused by poor circulation, indistinct speech, and, finally, an inability to walk. Still, 10 percent dehydration generally causes no permanent ill effects. When dehydration exceeds 10 percent, you will become delirious, spastic, almost deaf, and barely able to see. The skin shrivels and becomes numb. At temperatures above 90 °F, dehydration over 15 percent is generally fatal. At 85° and less, the body can stand up to 25 percent dehydration. Dehydration is quickly cured by water—in fact, only water can cure it. When you are dehydrated, you don’t have to worry about how much water you drink or how quickly you drink it, or if the water is warm or cool. Cold water, though, will upset the stomach.
# Algorithms/Find maximum/Python method 2

Python (2.6) source code.
# Algorithms/Find maximum/java script method 3

<script language="javascript">
# Algorithms/Find maximum/java script method 4

<script language="javascript">
# Algorithms/Find maximum/java script method 6

<script language="javascript">
# Algorithms/Find maximum/java script method 2

<script language="javascript">
# Algorithms/Find maximum/java script method 5

<script language="javascript">
# Algorithms/Find maximum/Python method 1

Python (2.7 and 3.6) source code. The code needs to be reviewed.
Simple example of how to use the function:
Output should be: 555
Another way to implement the algorithm:
Simple example of how to use the function:
# Algorithms/Find maximum/c method 1

c source code
# Algorithms/Find maximum/java script method 1

<script language="javascript">
# Algorithms/Find maximum/jscript

<script type="text/jscript">
# An Introduction to Weblogs

This wikibook is designed for use by candidates studying for Scottish Qualifications Authority (SQA) Unit No. DN8111: Weblogs. The unit specification can be downloaded from the SQA web site.
The unit is designed to enable candidates to locate, use and create weblogs (“blogs”) and provide candidates with an opportunity to explore the applications of blogs, create blogs and track blogs using aggregation tools.

## Chapters
### Locating and reviewing weblogs

* Historical development of weblogs
* Weblog providers
* High Quality Blogs
* Evaluating Blogs
* Blog Uses

### Creating a blog to perform a specific information task

* Purpose and Target
* Utilizing Blog Creation Tools
* Readership
* Keeping Current
* Blogs as Information

### Tracking selected blogs

* Generating Newsfeeds
* Aggregating Newsfeeds
* Personal Newsfeeds
# An Introduction to Python For Undergraduate Engineers/Python as a Calculator

Firstly, let's just quickly see how you can do simple arithmetic in Python. The table below list the basic mathematical operators and the associated code in python.
| Function | Code | Example | Result | Function | Code | Example | Result |
| Addition | + | 2+3 | 5 | Multiplication | * | 5*6 | 30 |
| Integer Division | / | 8/3 | 2 | Floating Point Division | / | 8.0/3 | 2.666... |
| Remainder after division | % | 8%3 | 2 | Exponential | ** | 3**2 | 9 |
For more complex arithmetic, python contains a special module called math. This module contains an array of different functions (such as square root) and constants (such as pi). To use a module, we must first import it, like so:
We can then use for example:
Alternatively you can import modules in the following way:
This will import everything from the math module directly allowing us instead to call the functions as follows:
# An Introduction to Python For Undergraduate Engineers/Reading/Writing to Files

You may want your program to input/output data to/from a file. For example if your program calculates something repeatedly you may want it to store the value from each calculation in a file rather than let them all print on screen. This can be done using the open command. For example:
This creates a file called 'data.txt' and makes it available for writing (the w parameter). The file can then be accessed by your program using the reference 'datafile'. To write to the file we then use the write command in the following way:
This will add the text in quotation marks to the end of the file. It is important that you use the following command to close the file when you are done. If you are using Windows™ and you don't do this, nothing will be written to the file!
Functions to read/write to files are shown in the list below:
| Command | Description |
| open("filename",'w') | Opens a file and makes it available for writing to. |
| open("filename",'r') | Opens a file and makes it available for reading from. |
| reference.write("text") | Writes the text "text" to the file that is referenced to by 'reference'. |
| reference.readline | Returns the next line of the file. |
| reference.read | Returns the entire file as a single string. |
| reference.readlines | Returns a list of strings. Each string is one line of the file. |
| reference.close | Closes the file. |
# An Introduction to Python For Undergraduate Engineers/Symbolic Algebra

Before we can start any algebra, we must first tell Python what we want it to treat as symbols instead of numbers (x,y,z etc.). We do this in the following way, having imported the sympy module:
Note that it is important to use the capital S otherwise this won't work. What we are doing here, is telling Python to create a new variable x and to assign the value 'x' to it. This way, it won't treat it as a numeric value, but just the symbol x. The module sympy.abc contains all the letters of the alphabet as premade symbols.
We can then create a variable that is a function of x. In this case I shall call the variable that will contain the function, myfunction;
If we ask python what the value of myfunction is (by typing just 'myfunction'), we get the equation that we put in. Now, we can substitute a value for x into the equation by using .subs(old value, new value), for example:
This will replace x with 5, making the value of myfunction 25.
# An Introduction to Python For Undergraduate Engineers/What Is This Wikibook About?

This wikibook is designed to act as an introductory course in Python aimed at non-programmers with a particular emphasis on the use of Python in solving and modelling engineering problems. It is written in such a way that it could form part of the teaching material used in a degree-level course in programming for engineers. It is meant to give non-programmers a fast, simple and straightforward route into creating Python programs to solve mathematical problems, but is not meant to be a comprehensive course in using the Python language. There are already some good wikibooks on Python, this is meant to be a quick start guide for engineers. Think of it as a springboard to bounce you straight into using Python quickly!
The key aims of this book are:
* Expect no prior programming experience.
* Be clear and straightforward to understand, keeping as non-technical as possible.
* Get the reader programming as quickly as possible with plenty of examples.
* Demonstrate that Python can be used to solve and model mathematical and engineering problems.
# An Introduction to Python For Undergraduate Engineers/Numeric Data Types

In python, values can be saved as one of several different numeric data types. The main types that you will encounter to start with are integer values (whole numbers) and floating-point values. Note that python always rounds down to the nearest whole number when using integers. (This is due to be changed in python version 3). When you enter a value into python it will automatically decide what data type it is, so for example:
Typing 8 will create an integer value. Typing 8.0 will create a floating point value.
From thereon, python will treat that value as either an integer of floating (decimal) number.
You can convert between them using the int and float functions. For example:
Notice that after a # symbol, the python interpreter ignores everything until the next line. This allows you to put comments in your code reminding you of what each line in your program is doing.

## Rounding Numbers

The built in function round will round a number up or down to the nearest whole number, for example:
# An Introduction to Python For Undergraduate Engineers/Running Python
## Windows™

In Microsoft™ Windows™ you can run IDLE which is a piece of software called a development environment, by clicking on Start Menu, Python, IDLE. This is a program in which you can write and run Python programs.

## Linux Based Operating Systems

In a Linux operating system such as Ubuntu, you can simply use Python in the Terminal. You can write a python program using GEdit and saving the file with the ending '.py', for example:
filename.py
You can then run your program by typing the following in the terminal:
python filename.py
You must make sure your file is saved in the directory in which your terminal is in.
The rest of this wikibook shall assume that you are running Windows™ and using IDLE, everything is much the same in a Linux system or if you are running a Macintosh™.
# An Introduction to Python For Undergraduate Engineers/While Loops

While loops will repeat a section of code whilst a logical test is true.
Instead of repeating something with a defined list of values or a set number of times, a while loop will happily continue repeating its section of code until a logical test is satisfied. Programs that run forever are to stop with Restart Shell in the IDLE or to hit the Control (or Ctrl) button and C (the letter) at the same time. For example:
The same code could also be written using != which means NOT EQUAL TO, for example:
# An Introduction to Weblogs/Blog Uses
## Common uses of blogs

The potential uses of blogs are almost limitless. They can be used for anything that involves communicating or publishing information on the World Wide Web. Common uses include teaching and educational and corporate use.
According to Silkblogs:
“A blog is a means of sharing thoughts and ideas with the world
. Your blog can be a personal diary, a project collaboration tool, a guide, or any means of communicating and publishing information on the web. Its uses are as limitless as your imagination.”

### Blogs in teaching

Blogs can be used in teaching, e.g.:http://www.eschoolnews.com/eti/archives/2004/10/000190.php
There is an interesting matrix of educational uses at: http://www.edtechpost.ca/gems/matrix2.gif
There's also a good workshop/tutorial for teachers learning about blogging. See Getting Started with Blogging in Education.

### Blogs in project management

Blogs can also be used to manage projects, e.g.: http://www.infosential.com/archives/2005/01/10_ways_to_use_blogs_for_.php

### Corporate blogs

There are a variety of corporate uses for blogs. See: http://www.corporateblogging.info/2004/08/six-types-of-business-blogs.asp

### How to restore the knowledge about education and so on....for long term .

Hello all who ever is reading this blog....
Main aim of this blog is to create awareness among the students who are facing the problem of dyslexia especially.
Here I'm posting something to the best of my knowledge .I suggest to go through once whatever the content may be and in your next reading or writing you are supposed to know the areas of your weaknesses.
And try to workout or grab the things that make you worry, lacking of interest .Try to handle in a simpler way.For example : if a task is given to you to write an essay question in 500 words . The focus should be not on 500 words it all should be how far you knew about that particular question.If you don't know first understand the question, then simplify in short frames and practice till your done. Then everything will happen accordingly.only thing one should think about is your Focus,Desperation,Creative mind.The work becomes simple and smooth.
Train your mind to think....it leads to creativity.
# Abstract Algebra/Group tables
## The Group of Order 2

Here is the group table for the only group of order 2
Z$_2$ :
| + | 0 | 1 |
| 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 1 | 1 | 0 |

## The Group of Order 3

Here is the group table for the only group of order 3
Z$_3$ :
| + | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 |

## The Groups of Order 4

Here are the group tables for the only groups of order 4

### The cyclic group of order 4

Z$_4$ :
| Two ways of documenting the same group structure |||||||
| Z$_4$ +0123 00123 11230 22301 33012 | Z$_4$ +0123 00123 11230 22301 33012 | Z$_4$ +0123 00123 11230 22301 33012 | | $Z_{5}^{*}$ ×1234 11234 22413 33142 44321 | $Z_{5}^{*}$ ×1234 11234 22413 33142 44321 | $Z_{5}^{*}$ ×1234 11234 22413 33142 44321 |
| To see more clearly that these two tables actually have the same |||||||
| group structure you'll need to rename the entries |||||||
| | 0 | | maps to | | 1 | |
| | 1 | | maps to | | 2 | |
| | 2 | | maps to | | 4 | |
| | 3 | | maps to | | 3 | |
| 1 + 2 = 3 | 1 + 2 = 3 | 1 + 2 = 3 | maps to | 2 × 4 = 3 | 2 × 4 = 3 | 2 × 4 = 3 |
Notice that regardless of the way we notate this group, there is an element that generates the whole group.

### The other group of order 4

For the following example, image the number 0 through 3 written in binary, then add the digits without any carrying. For example,
Since binary addition (without carry) is isomorphic to $Z_{2}$ we view this group as being two copies of $Z_{2}$ joined together. That's where the name comes from.
$Z_{2}\oplus Z_{2}$ :
| + | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 |
| 2 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 |
| 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |

## The Group of Order 5

$Z_{5}$ :
| + | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 0 |
| 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 1 |
| 3 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 4 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |

## Other small groups

A list of groups of order 1 through 31 compiled by John Pedersen, Dept of Mathematics, University of South Florida
A list of groups names and some examples of group graphs from Wolfram, makers of Mathematica.
# Abstract Algebra/Manual of Style

This section defines the style rules that should be applied throughout the Abstract Algebra wikibook.

## Purpose

This is intended as a University-level textbook for students of mathematics. Readers are therefore expected to be familiar with math fundamentals, and with the material in the Algebra and Linear Algebra wikibooks.

## Language

The style of the language should be that of an ordinary math textbook: clear and precise but without talking down to the reader. Personal comments should be avoided.
The book should use standard American English spelling throughout.

## Structure

Each page should read like a section of a paper textbook, with external links to further reading where appropriate.(?)

## Chapter and section titles

For top-level chapter titles, all words should be capitalised apart from articles and prepositions (e.g. "Equivalence Relations and Congruence Classes"). Sub-headings within a page should only have the first letter of the heading capitalised.

## Page length restrictions

There are no additional page length restrictions imposed by this style guide, but do follow the global Wikibooks convention of limiting page lengths at 35k (?)

## Templates

With the exception of unimportant comments, each paragraph of text should be preceded with a "type declaration". Common types are Definition, Theorem, Lemma, Example, Note and Remark. A proof should be preceded with the word "Proof" in italics and a semicolon, and ended with a black square: ∎ . Code:
The same counter should be used for all types of paragraphs. Example:
Definition 1: ...
Theorem 2: ...
Proof: ... ∎
Remark 3: ...
etc...

## Links

Don't link outside the book (except in the introduction to the book as a whole, which can link to other books that are prerequisites).

## Navigation

There are no navigation templates.

## Images

All images should be in Wikimedia commons. Since the vast majority of images will be diagrams to illustrate a point in the surrounding text, thumbnails will probably not be appropriate.

## Categories

All book chapters belong under the single category Book:Abstract Algebra

## Notation

Left = first usage, right = last usage
* Groups: $G$
* Elements of groups: $\sigma ,\tau ,\rho$
* Subgroups: $H,K,I$
* Elements of subgroups: $\eta ,\kappa ,\iota$
* Normal subgroups: $N,M$
* Normal series: $N_{1},\ldots ,N_{n}$, $M_{1},\ldots ,M_{k}$
* Generic integers: $n,k,m,l,j$
* Summation indices: $j,k,n$
* Sequence indices: $l,m$