OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Radiation Oncology/Liver/RTOG Liver

* Front Page: Radiation Oncology | RTOG Trials | Randomized Trials
RTOG Website
LIVER RTOG OPEN TRIALS :
| Number | Title |
| 04-38 | A Phase I Trial of Highly Conformal Radiation Therapy for Patients with Liver Metastases |
LIVER RTOG CLOSED TRIALS :
| Number | Title |
| 88-23 | Phase I/II Study of Integrated Intra-Arterial CDDP and Intravenous I131-Antiferritin in the Treatment of Nonresectable Hepatocellular Cancer |
| 84-05 | Phase I/II Dose-Escalating Trial of Accelerated Fractionation in the Palliative Irradiation of Hepatic Metastases from Primary Cancer of the GI Tract |
| 83-19 | Phase III Randomized Comparison of ADR/5-FU plus I131-Antiferritin IgG vs ADR/5-FU Alone Following ADR/5-FU plus External Beam Radiotherapy in Nonmetastatic Nonresectable Primary Hepatoma |
| 83-01 | Phase I/II Escalating ADR/5-FU Integrated with Isotopic Immunoglobulin Following Radiotherapy plus ADR/5-FU for Liver Cancer |
| 80-03 | Phase III Comparison of Radiation Alone vs Radiation plus Misonidazole in the Treatment of Liver Metastases |
| 79-28 | Phase I-II Study of Combined Modality Treatment of Primary Liver Cancer with Isotopic Immunoglobulin, Liver Irradiation, and ADR/5-FU |
| 76-05 | Pilot Study of Radiotherapy for Palliation of Symptomatic Hepatic Metastases |
# Problem 1

In order to solve $xy'=xy+y$, we expand y in its power series:
# Solutions To Mathematics Textbooks/Principles of Mathematical Analysis (3rd edition) (ISBN 0070856133)
## Remark

Since this course is so elementary and this book is so widely accepted, there are many completed works available online.
It might be much easier just to refer to those resources rather than rebuild the wheels from scratch
For example, the following link is on top of the google search results
On University of Wisconsin Madison's website

## Contents

* Chapter 1
* Chapter 5
* Chapter 6

## For the editors

* Manual of style
# Solutions to "Single Variable Calculus: Early Transcendentals", (6th Edition) by Stewart, J.

Diagnostic Tests

## Chapter 1, Functions and Models

    1.1 Four Ways To Represent A Function
    1.2 Mathematical Models: A Catalog of Essential Functions
    1.3 New Functions from Old Functions
    1.4 Graphing Calculators and Computers
    1.5 Exponential Functions
    1.6 Inverse Functions and Logarithms
    Review
    Principles of Problem Solving

## Chapter 2, Limits and Derivatives

    2.1 The Tangent and Velocity Problems
    2.2 The Limit of a Function
    2.3 Calculating Limits Using the Limit Laws
    2.4 The Precise Definition of a Limit
    2.5 Continuity
    2.6 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes
    2.7 Derivatives and Rates of Change
    2.8 The Derivative as a Function
    Review
    Problems Plus
# Chapter 1.1 Exercises
## 25

Replace instances of $f(x)\,$ with the expression ${\frac {1}{x}}$.
${\frac {{\frac {1}{x}}-{\frac {1}{a}}}{x-a}}=\left({\frac {1}{x}}-{\frac {1}{a}}\right)\cdot {\frac {1}{x-a}}$
$={\frac {a-x}{xa(x-a)}}={\frac {(a-x)}{-xa(a-x)}}=-{\frac {1}{ax}}$
# Question 1
## i

$\lim _{x\to 1}{\frac {x^{2}-1}{x+1}}=\lim _{x\to 1}{\frac {{\cancel {(x+1)}}(x-1)}{\cancel {x+1}}}$
$=\lim _{x\to 1}{x-1}$
$=0$
# Diagnostic Tests
## 1

a) $(-3)^{4}=(-3)^{2}\cdot (-3)^{2}=9\cdot 9=81\,$
b) $-3^{4}=-(3^{4})=-81\,$
# Solutions to Introduction to Mathematical Statistics (5th Edition)
## Contents
## =Chapter1

Section 4.7 - Set Theory
# Solutions To Mathematics Textbooks/Calculus Early Transcendentals (6th) (0495011665)/Chapter 1.2
## 9

$f\,$ is a cubic, so must be of the form $f(x)=ax^{3}+bx^{2}+cx+d\,$.
Therefore, $f(0)=d=0\,$, so now $f(x)=ax^{3}+bx^{2}+cx\,$
Looking at other values:
$f(1)=a+b+c=6\,$
$f(-1)=-a+b-c=0\,$
$f(2)=8a+4b+2c=0\,$
Try to solve simulatenously:
$(a+b+c)+(-a+b-c)=6\,$
$2b=6\,$, thus $b=3\,$.
$(a+b+c)-(-a+b-c)=6\,$
$2a+2c=6\,$, thus $a+c=3\,$.
Thus,
$a+c=3\,$
$8a+2c=-12\,$
Solve simultaneous equation:
$(2a+2c)-(8a+2c)=18\,$
$-6a=18\,$ therefore $a=-3\,$.
If $b=3,a=-3\,$ then:
$f(1)=-3+3+c=6\,$, thus $c=6\,$.
Therefore, we have $a=-3,b=3,c=6\,$ and our function is given by $f(x)=-3x^{3}+3x^{2}+6x\,$.
# Solutions To Mathematics Textbooks/Calculus Early Transcendentals (6th) (0495011665)/Chapter 2.3
## 57

Show that $0\leq f(x)\leq x^{2}$, and use the Squeeze Theorem to prove.
# Windows Add-ons/Image/Image Resizer for Windows

Image Resizer for Windows is a lot like Resize-O-Matic except it is built using .NET 4 and works on Windows 7. You can find it here:
# Windows Add-ons/Printable version

The current, editable version of this book is available in Wikibooks, the open-content textbooks collection, at
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Windows_Add-ons

# Image/Resize-O-Matic

Image Resizer for Windows is a replacement for Resize-O-Matic that works with Windows 7
Ever need to simply resize a mass of images with ease? Resize-O-Matic is a quick and convenient way to do that. It will add a new option to your context-menu.

## Downloading

* Download the program directly at at the source forge site
* Or, browse to the SourceForge project for Resize-O-Matic → Select Download → Download the file ending in .exe.

## Installing

* Double click the icon
* Click Next until you can no longer hit Next.
* Click Finish

## Using

When Resize-o-matic resizes images, it does not by default replace the original copy. It just saves another copy under a new name. For instance, if you resize foo.jpg you will have a new file named foo (Small).jpg.
* Select image(s)
* Select desired size
** For the purpose of the web you almost surely want 640x480.
* Click Ok

### Advanced Usage

Resize-O-Matic also supports a few "advanced" options. They aren't really all that advaned.
* Custom resizing dimensions
* Make pictures smaller but not larger
* Resize the original pictures (don't create copies!).
** This is probably the most useful feature.

## Footnotes

* ^ This link was current at the time of writing 04-08-2008

# Image/Image Resizer for Windows

Image Resizer for Windows is a lot like Resize-O-Matic except it is built using .NET 4 and works on Windows 7. You can find it here:
* http://imageresizer.codeplex.com/
# Windows Add-ons

This book is devoted to unofficial Microsoft Windows extensions and add-ons that provide core functionality that the operating system as a distribution lacks. Feel free to file a brief tutorial of your favorite Windows components.
Components that aren't wholly free are not welcome in this book. It is not intended as an advertisement for proprietary vendors; nor, is intended to document native Windows features.

## Table of Contents
### Resize-O-Matic

    This program makes resizing an image a simple right-mouse-click on the image or images.

### Image Resizer for Windows

    This program works like the above but works on Windows 7.
# Batch File Scripting

This section covers the following commands:
* CALL - Calls one batch program from another.
* CMD - Starts a new instance of the Windows command interpreter.
* ECHO - Displays messages, or turns command echoing on or off.
* ENDLOCAL - Ends localization of environment changes in a batch file.
* EXIT - Quits the CMD.EXE program (command interpreter).
* FOR - Runs a specified command for each file in a set of files.
* GOTO - Directs the Windows command interpreter to a labeled line in a batch program.
* IF - Performs conditional processing in batch programs.
* PAUSE - Suspends processing of a batch file and displays a message.
* REM - Records comments (remarks) in batch files or CONFIG.SYS.
* SETLOCAL - Begins localization of environment changes in a batch file.
* SHIFT - Shifts the position of replaceable parameters in batch files.
* START - Starts a separate window to run a specified program or command.
# Windows Add-ons/Image/Resize-O-Matic

Image Resizer for Windows is a replacement for Resize-O-Matic that works with Windows 7
Ever need to simply resize a mass of images with ease? Resize-O-Matic is a quick and convenient way to do that. It will add a new option to your context-menu.

## Downloading

* Download the program directly at at the source forge site
* Or, browse to the SourceForge project for Resize-O-Matic → Select Download → Download the file ending in .exe.

## Installing

* Double click the icon
* Click Next until you can no longer hit Next.
* Click Finish

## Using

When Resize-o-matic resizes images, it does not by default replace the original copy. It just saves another copy under a new name. For instance, if you resize foo.jpg you will have a new file named foo (Small).jpg.
* Select image(s)
* Select desired size
** For the purpose of the web you almost surely want 640x480.
* Click Ok

### Advanced Usage

Resize-O-Matic also supports a few "advanced" options. They aren't really all that advaned.
* Custom resizing dimensions
* Make pictures smaller but not larger
* Resize the original pictures (don't create copies!).
** This is probably the most useful feature.

## Footnotes

* ^ This link was current at the time of writing 04-08-2008
# 3. File Commands

This chapter covers the following commands:
* COMP - Compares the contents of two files or sets of files.
* FC - Compares two files or sets of files, and displays the differences between them.
* FIND - Searches for a text string in a file or files.
* FINDSTR - Searches for strings in files.
* MORE - Displays output one screen at a time.
* PRINT - Prints a text file.
* SORT - Sorts input.
* TYPE - Displays the contents of a text file.

## The TYPE Command

The TYPE command display the contents of a file. There are no options for the TYPE command.

## The SORT Command

The SORT command will sort lines of text from a file.
The /R option will sort in reverse order.

## The MORE Command

The MORE command will display output or contents of file a screenful at a time. It is especially useful when piping it with certain commands (such as DIR or TASKLIST) that produce very long output.
For example:
# 4. Environment Commands

This chapter covers the following commands:
* Netstat -n = shows all the computers in your network
* Shutdown -i = opens the remote shutdown log. where you can shut down any computer in your network.
* ASSOC - Displays or modifies file extension associations.
* AT - Schedules commands and programs to run on a computer.
* DATE - Displays or sets the date.
* FTYPE - Displays or modifies file types used in file extension associations.
* LABEL - Creates, changes, or deletes the volume label of a disk.
* PATH - Displays or sets a search path for executable files.
* SET - Displays, sets, or removes Windows environment variables.
* SUBST - Associates a path with a drive letter.
* TIME - Displays or sets the system time.
* VER - Displays the Windows version.
* VOL - Displays a disk volume label and serial number.

## The DATE Command

This command displays or sets the current date.
Is there any way of changing the date format?

## The SUBST Command

It is sometimes useful to be able to associate paths with drive letters.
# Saylor.org's Ancient Civilizations of the World/The Rise of Civilization in the Middle East, Africa, and the Mediterranean

The first mature civilizations of the ancient world, Mesopotamia and Egypt, arose in the Tigris-Euphrates and Nile valleys, respectively. Both were dependent on neighboring river systems, but Mesopotamian civilization and Egyptian civilization differed in significant ways. By 1000 B.C.E., both of these formative civilizations had begun to decline, but they still influenced the development of other smaller civilizations in the Mediterranean littoral.
In this unit, we will examine the emergence of societies in ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Mediterranean and explore how social patterns and political conflicts shaped their evolution. When examining Mesopotamia, we will focus primarily on the emergence of Sumerian society and the Babylonian Empire, while we will focus on the three most important phases of ancient Egypt—the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms. We will also discuss the Minoan civilization in the Mediterranean.
# Structural Biochemistry/Unique Properties/Cohesive Behavior
## Cohesive and Adhesive Behavior of Water

Cohesion and adhesion in water are caused by the intermolecular attraction between the partial negative oxygen of one water molecule, and the partial positive hydrogen of another molecule. This non-covalent bond is known as a hydrogen bond. Water is strongly cohesive because each molecule may make four hydrogen bonds with other water molecules in a tetrahedral configuration. Surface tension is a result of the cohesion of water molecules at the surface of a body of water. The ability of some insects to float on water is accounted for because of this property. Conversely, the adhesive property of water (water bonding to a molecule other than water) allows for capillary action to occur such as trees transporting water from the ground to the topmost branches.
Adhesive: water molecules are attracted to other materials. For example, if you place a capillary glass tube open ended into a container with water, you will observe a concave up curve as a result of water molecules attracted to the polar glass capillary tube.
Cohesive: water molecules are attracted to other water molecules. For example, if you place a capillary glass tube open ended into a container with mercury, you will observe a concave down curve because the glass is polar which doesn’t attract with mercury. As shown in the figured.
# Structural Biochemistry/Unique Properties/Cohesive Behavior/Melting Point and Boiling Point
## Melting Point

Water in its ice form has a usually high melting point temperature, a value close to 0°C. As a result of the interconnected lattice structure of water molecules in its solid form due to hydrogen bonding between molecules, a high input of energy is required to transform ice into its liquid form. This energy requirement is called the heat of fusion. Water has a heat of fusion value of 333.55 kJ/kg.
Heat of fusion of Water: is the amount of heat energy required to convert units of solid into liquid form without changing in temperature. For example, converting 1 gram of solid ice at 0oC required 334 Joules of heat.

## Boiling Point

Likewise, water in its liquid form has an unusually high boiling point temperature, a value close to 100°C. As a result of the network of hydrogen bonding present between water molecules, a high input of energy is required to transform liquid water into water vapor, an energy requirement called the heat of vaporization. Water has a heat of vaporization value of 40.65 kJ/mol
# Structural Biochemistry/Unique Properties/Expansion upon Freezing
## Overview

Below 4°C, the hydrogen bonds between water molecules become stronger and cause the matter to expand. Because the bonds between water molecules are stronger, they are less likely to break and re-form as they do in the liquid state. As a liquid, water molecules are constantly moving (forming and breaking hydrogen bonds) resulting in less expansion. When frozen, water molecules take a more defined shape and arrange themselves in six-sided crystalline structures. The crystalline arrangement is less dense than that of the molecules in liquid form which makes the ice less dense than the liquid water. When water freezes, the volume expands by approximately 9%.
When water molecules are in the liquid state, hydrogen bonds are continuously being formed and reformed in a disordered fashion. The average amount of H-bonds a water molecule has at 25°C is 3.4 bonds. During freezing, water molecules lose energy and do not vibrate or move around as vigorously. This allows more stable hydrogen-bonds to form between water molecules, as there is less energy to break the bonds. Because of the crystal lattice structure imposed on water molecules once the freezing point is reached, the average H-bonds per water molecule is much closer to its maximum, 4 bonds. The orderly, crystalline way in which the hydrogen-bonds form causes density to decrease because each water molecule is held away from its neighbors at a distance equal to the length of the hydrogen bonds. Thus water expands as it freezes, and ice floats atop water. This property is crucial to life as we know it. Ice sheets on the surface of the ocean insulate the water beneath and allow organisms to live in polar regions of the world, and also prevent oceans from freezing solid.
# Structural Biochemistry/Unique Properties/High Dielectric Constant
## Overview

Water is extremely unique in that it has a high dielectric constant (=80). A high dielectric constant suggests that the solvent (in this case, water) has the ability to screen charges. This means that water molecules will surround both anions and cations in a solution, and ultimately, diminish the attraction of the two charges. For example, if you place a cation (such as sodium) in water, the positive charge (+) of sodium is able to interact with anions and other molecules. However, because water has such a high dielectric constant, there is a decreasing effect on the interaction between sodium and its counter-ion. This is primarily because the charges interact with the electric dipole of water more than with each other, decreasing the overall interaction. In comparison to water, the interaction between anions and cations is much greater when placed in solvents with lower dielectric constants.

## References

* ↑ Berg, Jeremy M., ed. (2002), Biochemistry (6th ed.) New York City, NY: W.H. Freeman and Company,
# Structural Biochemistry/Unique Properties
## Unique Properties of Water

* Structure of Water
* Polarity and Hydrogen Bonding
* Cohesive and Adhesive Behavior
** Surface Tension
** Melting Point and Boiling Point
* Ability to Moderate Temperature
* Expansion upon Freezing
* Versatility as a Solvent
* High Dielectric Constant
* High Heat of Vaporization
* Phase States of Water
* High Dielectric Constant
# Structural Biochemistry/Types of Stains

What types of Stains are there?
There are a variety of different stains out there to be used for variety of tasks. Each staining method and reagent are similar to that of antibody/antigen effects and are used to study the tissues of organisms. Each specific stain will allow the researcher to distinguish what is happening overall within the tissue but does not provide in-depth analysis of the individual interactions within the cells of the tissue.
# Structural Biochemistry/Unique Properties/Ability to Moderate Temperature
## Water's Absorption of Heat

Water is able to resist temperature changes due to hydrogen bonding. Specifically, in order for water to increase in temperature hydrogen bonds must break giving rise to the relatively high boiling point of water. Conversely, hydrogen bonds must form before the temperature of water may be lowered. This property allows Earth's bodies of water to maintain temperatures by storing heat from the sun and releasing heat when cooler conditions arise.

## High Specific Heat

Water has a high specific heat (the measure of heat energy required to increase the temperature of a unit quantity of a substance by unit degree) of 4.1813J/(g·K) and a high heat of vaporization (heat energy required to evaporate one unit quantity of a substance) of 40.65 kJ·mol−1. The consequence of this is that water is an excellent temperature regulator, being able to absorb and store a significant amount of heat before increasing in temperature and thus accommodate for environmental temperature changes and those caused by exothermic reactions within the body.

## Evaporative Cooling

During the evaporation of water, fast-moving water molecules constantly collide and eventually escape from the surface. These escaping molecules carry heat along with their escape, causing the slower moving water molecules left behind to cool. Sweating is an example of this property, as the water molecules in sweat absorb the heat from the body and move faster, allowing them to vaporize.
# The Latin Language
## About the book

This book will teach you to read, write, and speak Latin, as well as to translate English into Latin. That last bit is selfish of us: we want you to contribute to the Latin version of Wikipedia. Every chapter will provide an insane amount of verbal and written exercises. And so, rather than present a brief history of the Latin language, we are just going to jump right in.

## Contents

* Chapter 1: Pronunciation
* Chapter 2: Latin Cases and Gender
* Chapter 3: First Declension
# The Kensington Rifles
## Chapters

* Prelude to War
* Learning the hard way
* Wasted effort on the Somme
* Your country needs you
* The end in sight

## Authors

* Terence Kearey
# The Latin Language/First Declension

If you wish to delve deeply into the subject of the first Latin declension, see Wikipedia.
Si post fata venit gloria, non propero.
If glory comes after death, I'm in no hurry.

## The First Declension

The first declension nouns are all feminine nouns. As with all the declensions, the ending of the noun (its inflection) changes depending on case and number. Using the word aqua (water) as an example:
| Case | Singular | Plural |
| Nom | aqua | aquae |
| Gen | aquae | aquārum |
| Dat | aquae | aquīs |
| Acc | aquam | aquās |
| Abl | aquā | aquīs |
Every noun with a nominative singular ending in -a and a genitive singular ending in -ae is a first declension noun. Merely specifying how the nominative singular ends is not enough to identify which declension a noun belongs to, which is why the dictionary entry for a noun will always give both. The dictionary entry for the above word would be aqua, -ae.
Generalizing, the endings for the first declension are:
| Case | Singular | Plural |
| Nom | -a | -ae |
| Gen | -ae | -ārum |
| Dat | -ae | -īs |
| Acc | -am | -ās |
| Abl | -ā | -īs |
| All the endings: Classical Ecclesiastical |||
It is important to memorize and be able to retrieve at will the ending for any declension, case, and number. Any technique for memorization that works for you is fine. One technique is to listen to the endings spoken in order (first all the singular, then all the plural), and listen to them over and over until you can virtually hear the voice in your head. Every time you have a spare moment -- in the bathroom, in the shower, when you wake up, when you go to sleep -- try to hear the voice and repeat the endings. Then pick a random case and try to retrieve its singular and plural endings. This will help you select the correct ending for a given case and number at will.

## Notes

* ↑ Martial, book V epigram X.
# The Language of the People (WIP Conlang)

"Conlang" is a constructed language, created by an English speaker learning Latin. This will include bits and pieces of Latin, English, and Gallifreyan, and is created to make sense, not be self contradictory, and have grammar that is easy to learn. This is coming together slowly, so bear with me.

## Table of contents

* History
* Phonology
* Nouns
* Pronouns
* Prepositions
* Adjectives
* Numbers
* Questions
* Verbs
* Syntax
* Lexicon
* Phraseology
* "conlang"-English dictionary
* English-"conlang" dictionary