# Korean/RWP/Lesson 5

* Learn Korean (Introduction)
* Read, write, pronounce Korean:
* Course —
* Lesson 1 •
* Lesson 2 •
* Lesson 3 •
* Lesson 4 •
* Lesson 5 •
* Lesson 6 •
* Summary
* Orthography •
* Essential Pronunciation Rules •
* Advanced Pronunciation Rules
* Grammar •
* Conversation
Consonants learned so far: :
| Basic 예사소리 | Letter (jamo) | ㄱ | ㄴ | ㄷ | ㄹ | ㅁ | ㅂ | ㅅ | ㅇ | ㅈ | ㅎ |
| Basic 예사소리 | Romanization Pronunciation | g or k or | n | d or t or | r or l or | m | b or p or | s | - or ng silent or | j or ch or | h |
Vowels learned so far: :
| Letter (jamo) | ㅏ | ㅓ | ㅗ | ㅜ | ㅡ | ㅣ |
| Romanization Pronunciation | a | eo | o | u [u] | eu | i |
| Letter (jamo) | ㅐ | ㅔ | | | |
| Romanization Pronunciation | ae | e | | | |
Welcome back! This is the fifth lesson of "Learn to read, write and pronounce Korean". This lesson covers some variations on the letters you already learned.

## The consonant ㅋ (kieuk)

* ㅋ (kieuk) stroke order
* Sound sample of ㅋ (kieuk) (help·info)
The first new letter is the consonant ㅋ (kieuk):
| Letter (jamo): | ㅋ |
| Pronunciation: | [kʰ] |
The first new letter to learn is ㅋ (kieuk). It looks and similar to ㄱ (giyeok) but has an additional horizontal line, which indicates that ㅋ is aspirated. That is, ㅋ is pronounced with a burst of air. As you may recall, the difference between aspirated and unaspirated sounds is easily demonstrated by putting a hand or a lit candle in front of your mouth and saying "can" ([kʰæn]) and then "scan" ([skæn]). You should either feel a puff of air or see a flicker of the candle flame with "can" that does not appear with "scan". So, ㅋ (kieuk) is pronounced like the c in can.

### Exercise

Try writing the following words in Korean:
쿠바
루사카
시카고
킬로
함부르크
덴마크
오클라호마
클래스
네브래스카
Try guessing the meaning of following Korean words:
English: Morocco
English: basketball
English: Hong Kong
English: Alaska
English: Slovakia
English: cake
English: Cambodia
English: Kansas
English: Helsinki
English: camera

## The vowel ㅑ (ya)

* ㅑ (ya) stroke order
* Sound sample of ㅑ (ya) (help·info)
The first new vowel to learn is ㅑ (ya):
| Letter (jamo): | ㅑ |
| Pronunciation: | [ja] |
The first vowel to learn is ㅑ (ya). It looks and sounds similar to ㅏ (a). The additional short line indicates that the pronunciation begins with a short "y" sound (IPA: [j]). So, ㅑ (ya) is pronounced like the ya in yahoo, the German word ja, and the Russian word я (IPA: [ja]). In the terminology of phonetics, ㅑ (ya) and the other four vowels in this lesson are the iotized versions of vowels you already learned.

### Exercise

Try to guess the meaning of the following Korean words:
English: Yaounde
English: Kenya
English: Kinshasa
English: Reykjavik
English: Nova Scotia

## The consonant ㅌ (tieut)

* ㅌ (tieut) stroke order
* Sound sample of ㅌ (tieut) (help·info)
The next new letter is the consonant ㅌ (tieut):
| Letter (jamo): | ㅌ |
| Pronunciation: | [tʰ] |
ㅌ (tieut) looks and similar to ㄷ (digeut) and but has an additional horizontal line, which indicates that ㅌ is aspirated. That is, ㅌ is pronounced with a burst of air. Again, to demonstrate the aspiration, put a hand or a lit candle in front of your mouth and say "tone" ([tʰəʊn]) and then "stone" ([stəʊn]). You should either feel a puff of air or see a flicker of the candle flame with "tone" that doesn't appear with "stone". So, ㅌ (tieut) is pronounced like the t in tone.

### Exercise

Try writing the following words in Korean:
시애틀
보스턴
엘리베이터
몰타
암스테르담
비타민
오스트리아
기타
라바트
테이블
Try guessing the meaning of the following Korean words:
English: Ontario
English: tennis
English: Toronto
English: Internet
English: Egypt
English: hotel
English: Latvia
English: Manhattan
English: necktie
English: Tennessee

## The consonant ㅍ (pieup)

* ㅍ (pieup) stroke order
* Sound sample of ㅍ (pieup) (help·info)
The next new letter is the consonant ㅍ (pieup):
| Letter (jamo): | ㅍ |
| Pronunciation: | [pʰ] |
ㅍ (pieup) looks and sounds similar to ㅂ (bieup) and but has an additional horizontal line, which indicates that ㅍ is aspirated. That is, ㅍ is pronounced with a burst of air. Again, to demonstrate the aspiration, put a hand or a lit candle in front of your mouth and say "pin" ([pʰɪn]) and then "spin" ([spɪn]). You should either feel a puff of air or see a flicker of the candle flame with "pin" that doesn't appear with "spin". So, ㅍ (pieup) is pronounced like the p in pin.

### Exercise

Try writing the following words in Korean:
오페라
펜실베이니아
피자
플로리다
폴란드
파나마
Try guessing the meaning of the following Korean words and names:
English: Paris
English: France
English: El Paso
English: Singapore
English: golf
English: Mississippi
English: fax

## The consonant ㅊ (chieut)

* ㅊ (chieut) stroke order
* Sound sample of ㅊ (chieut) (help·info)
The next new letter is the consonant ㅊ (chieut):
| Letter (jamo): | ㅊ |
| Pronunciation: | [ʨʰ] |
ㅊ (chieut) looks and sounds similar to ㅈ (jieut) and but has an additional horizontal line, which indicates that ㅊ is aspirated. That is, ㅊ is pronounced with a burst of air. Again, to demonstrate the aspiration, put a hand or a lit candle in front of your mouth and say "chin" ([tʃʰɪn]) and then "gin" ([dʒɪn]). Ignoring the difference in use of the vocal cords, you should either feel a puff of air or see a flicker of the candle flame with "chin" that doesn't appear with "gin". So, although there is no precise English sound for ㅊ (chieut), it is pronounced similar to the ch in chin.

### Exercise

Try writing the following words in Korean:
인천
벤치
김치
Try guessing the meaning of the following Korean words:
English: Massachusetts
English: Chile
English: Chad

## The vowel ㅕ (yeo)

* ㅕ (yeo) stroke order
* Sound sample of ㅕ (yeo) (help·info)
The next new vowel to learn is ㅕ (yeo):
| Letter (jamo): | ㅕ |
| Pronunciation: | [jʌ] |
The vowel ㅕ (yeo) looks and sounds similar to ㅓ (eo). The additional short line indicates that the pronunciation begins with a short "y" sound (IPA: [j]). So, ㅕ (yeo) is pronounced like the you in young.

### Exercise

Try to guess the meaning of the following Korean words:
English: Hyundai
English: Roh Moo-hyun (pronounced as [no.mu.hjʌn])
Try to write the following in Korean:
평양

## The vowel ㅛ (yo)

* ㅛ (yo) stroke order
* Sound sample of ㅛ (yo) (help·info)
The next new vowel to learn is ㅛ (yo):
| Letter (jamo): | ㅛ |
| Pronunciation: | [jo] |
The vowel ㅛ (yo) looks and sounds similar to ㅗ (o). The additional short line indicates that the pronunciation begins with a short "y" sound (IPA: [j]). So, ㅛ (yo) is pronounced like the yo in yoga.

### Exercise

Try to guess the meaning of the following Korean words:
English: Jordan
English: shopping
Try to write the following in Korean:
도요타
도쿄

## The vowel ㅠ (yu)

* ㅠ (yu) stroke order
* Sound sample of ㅠ (yu) (help·info)
The next new vowel to learn is ㅠ (yu):
| Letter (jamo): | ㅠ |
| Pronunciation: | [ju] |
The vowel ㅠ (yu) looks and sounds similar to ㅜ (u). The additional short line indicates that the pronunciation begins with a short "y" sound (IPA: [j]). So, ㅠ (yu) is pronounced like the English word you.

### Exercise

Try to guess the meaning of the following Korean words and names:
English: musical
English: menu
English: computer
English: New York
English: super(market)
English: news
English: Albert Einstein
Try to write the following in Korean:
뉴저지
뉴펀들랜드 래브라도
유타
뉴델리
뉴햄프셔
모가디슈
휴스턴
뉴질랜드
뉴멕시코

## The vowel ㅖ (ye)

* ㅖ (ye) stroke order
* Sound sample of ㅖ (ye) (help·info)
The next new vowel to learn is ㅖ (ye):
| Letter (jamo): | ㅖ |
| Pronunciation: | [je] |
The vowel ㅖ (ye) looks and sounds similar to ㅔ (e). The additional short line indicates that the pronunciation begins with a short "y" sound (IPA: [j]). So, ㅖ (ye) is pronounced like the Ya in the English word Yale.

### Exercise

Try to guess the meaning of the following Korean words and names:
English: Yemen
English: Jesus Christ
Try to write the following in Korean:
예루살렘
사라예보

## The vowel ㅒ (yae)

* ㅒ (yae) stroke order
* Sound sample of ㅒ (yae) (help·info)
The next new vowel to learn is ㅒ (yae):
| Letter (jamo): | ㅒ |
| Pronunciation: | [jɛ] |
The vowel ㅒ (yae) looks and sounds similar to ㅐ (ae). The additional short line indicates that the pronunciation begins with a short "y" sound (IPA: [j]). So, ㅒ (yae) is pronounced similar to the ye in the English word yet.

### Exercise

Try to guess the meaning of the following Korean words and names:
English: Napoleon Bonaparte
Try to write the following in Korean:
자카르타
플라톤
마푸투
키토
코네티컷
에티오피아
파키스탄
카타르
찰리 채플린
엠파이어스테이트 빌딩
록펠러 센터
소크라테스
포르투갈
커피
아프가니스탄
커운터
카트만두
스포츠
스포츠 카
트럼펫
노스다코타
켄터키
사우스다코타
캘리포니아
파티
바티칸
캘커타
코펜하겐
터키
레인코트
브리티시컬럼비아
트리폴리
테이프
아파트
커페
켐퍼스
클레스메이트

## End of lesson 5

Very good! You have now learned almost all of the Korean letters. When you are ready, continue to the last lesson, Lesson 6, to learn the last of the letters: the "tense" consonants and other digraphs. (It will be easy because they are all based on letters you already know.)
Consonants learned so far: :
| Basic 예사소리 | Letter (jamo) | ㄱ | ㄴ | ㄷ | ㄹ | ㅁ | ㅂ | ㅅ | ㅇ | ㅈ | ㅎ |
| Basic 예사소리 | Romanization Pronunciation | g or k or | n | d or t or | r or l or | m | b or p or | s | - or ng silent or | j or ch or | h |
| Aspirated 거센소리 | Letter (jamo) | ㅋ | | ㅌ | | | ㅍ | | | ㅊ | |
| Aspirated 거센소리 | Romanization Pronunciation | k [kʰ] | | t [tʰ] | | | p [pʰ] | | | ch [ʨʰ] | |
Vowels learned so far: :
| Letter (jamo) | ㅏ | ㅑ | ㅓ | ㅕ | ㅗ | ㅛ | ㅜ | ㅠ | ㅡ | ㅣ |
| Romanization Pronunciation | a | ya [ja] | eo | yeo [jʌ] | o | yo [jo] | u [u] | yu [ju] | eu | i |
| Letter (jamo) | ㅐ | ㅒ | ㅔ | ㅖ | | | | | |
| Romanization Pronunciation | ae | yae [jɛ] | e | ye [je] | | | | | |
* Learn Korean (Introduction)
* Read, write, pronounce Korean:
* Course —
* Lesson 1 •
* Lesson 2 •
* Lesson 3 •
* Lesson 4 •
* Lesson 5 •
* Lesson 6 •
* Summary
* Orthography •
* Essential Pronunciation Rules •
* Advanced Pronunciation Rules
* Grammar •
* Conversation