OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# LuV The/Chapter III
## START OF THE BIG BALL

When we are supposing that the Moon came from an area beyond Mars, we must specify any mechanism that could bring such drastically change in the lunar disposition. Probably the most suitable one is given within theories of dynamical evolution of the Solar System, that include various planetary migration scenarios.
Being inspired by jumping-Jupiter scenario within the Nice model, let us agree with one thesis of it, while not considering others (since the theory has so many modifications). This thesis states that the biggest planet of the Solar System was involved in some gravitational maneuvers, after which its orbit got shrunk to some extent.
In other words, Jupiter became closer to the Sun than it was initially. This global change started a series of cataclysms in the neighborhood.
The Asteroid belt must have been affected at a great scale within this scenario. If our hypothesis about multiple ice-covered dwarf planets in the belt area is correct, than why not to refine it with a denouement where Jupiter was a power that changed their occupations.
Now we can state that the Moon was forced to migrate inward due to Jupiter's invasion.
What if we will say that the biggest planet changed the consistency of the Main belt even more dramatically. Jumping-Jupiter scenario states that the gas giant captured all its trojans and some of irregular satellites during the invasion. But what about the four main satellites of Jupiter, which we usually call the Galilean moons?!
Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto contain 99.9% of the total mass of the Jovian system. If you remember, they are icy moons as well. Could they be dwarf planets from outer belt segment that were captured by gravity field of the invader? So, just now you get acquainted with a new origin theory for the Galilean moons.
| To the beginning... | This is chapter III. | To the next chapter... |
# LuV The/Chapter II
## WHERE IT CAME FROM

The space between Mars and Jupiter is occupied by the Asteroid belt, where thousands of small astronomical bodies orbits the Sun and sometimes collide with each other. The biggest of them differs from others so much that in 2006 it was categorized as a dwarf planet.
Ceres has a diameter of 940 km, which is about a quarter that of the Moon. And it contains an estimated 40% of total mass of the Asteroid belt.
Not like other asteroids, Ceres has differentiated geological structure. This was revealed after one of NASA missions approached Ceres' orbit in 2015.
Dawn mission found Ceres's surface to be a mixture of water ice and hydrated minerals. Underneath should lay an internal ocean of liquid water, presence of which must explain low average density of the dwarf planet. In the center there are rocky structures.
Definitive evidence of water ice appeared when Dawn observed extremely bright spots on Ceres. Part of them were considered cryovolcanoes that expose salty water from beneath. And others were recognized as melting zones inside impact craters. After all there were made some calculations, which pointed that a quarter of Ceres' mass and 50% of its overall volume is water ice.
There is another one interesting calculation, stating that after few billion years of chaotic and occasionally interrelated orbital drifting the belt's total mass decreased for 1,000 times. In other words its initial population was far greater than it is now.
Relying upon this new data, we cannot reject an idea that previously there were even more Ceres-like ice-covered bodies orbiting between Mars and Jupiter. So let us hypothesize that the Moon was one of those dwarf planets.
Yes, this is a new theory of the Moon's origin! It supposes that our satellite was formed in the Main Belt, and had an upper layer made of ice in the early solar-system history.
| To the beginning... | This is chapter II. | To the next chapter... |
# Horticulture/Oxalis stricta

Yellow woodsorrel :
| Binomial: | Oxalis stricta |
| Type: | Annual |
| Conditions: | Sun to medium shade, wilts during dry periods |
| Seed Dispersal: | Explosive capsules |
| Germination Time: | Mid spring |
| Seed Banking: | Short term |
Yellow Woodsorrel (Oxalis stricta) is an annual woodland and meadow plant native to North America, where it is among the most common garden weeds. It is often referred to as sourgrass.

## Description

From late spring through autumn, it produces yellow flowers which are quickly followed by explosively opening seed capsules.

## Uses

The flowers, seed pods and leaves are edible with a taste similar to lemons, green grapes and sunshine all rolled into one.

## Control

* Mowing: The plant will regrow after mowing.
* Pulling: It pulls easily. When pulling, be sure to put the plant into a container immediately in order to prevent further distribution of seeds.
* Disposal: It does not compete with vegetables in garden beds. Simply pull it out and let it sit on the surface of the bed as mulch. The seeds can survive cold composting, but hot compost systems can kill off the seeds.
# C Programming

Wikibooks Contributors Present: C Programming

## Table of Contents
### Introduction

    Why Learn the C programming Language?
    History
    What you need before you can learn
    Obtaining a Compiler

### Beginning C

    Intro Exercise
    Preliminaries
    Basics of Compilation
    Programming Structure and Style
    Variables
    Simple Input and Output
    Operators and type casting
    Arrays and Strings
    Program Flow Control
    Procedures and Functions
    Standard Libraries
    Exercises

### Intermediate C

    Advanced Data Types
    Pointers and Relationship to Arrays
    Memory Management
    Error Handling
    Stream I/O
    String Manipulation
    Further Math
    Libraries

### Advanced C

    Common Practices
    Preprocessor Directives and Macros
    Sockets and Networking (UNIX)
    Serialization and X-Macros
    Coroutines

### C and Beyond

    Particularities of C
    Low-level I/O
    C Trigraph
    Language Overloading and Extensions
    Combining Languages
    Object Oriented Programming: The GObject System
    Commented Source Code Library

### Computer Science

Some of the following are C adaptations of articles from the Computer programming book.
    Statements
    Side Effects and Sequence Points

### Reference Tables

This section has some tables and lists of C entities.
    Standard Library Reference
    Preprocessor Reference
    Language Reference
      * Table of Keywords
      * Table of Operators
      * Table of Data Types

#### Platform Reference

    POSIX
    GNU C Library
    MS Windows

### Appendices

* C Compilers Reference List
* Index
* Links
* Exercise Solutions

## Related Wikibooks

* A Little C Primer
* GCC Debugging
* GNU C Compiler Internals
# Complete Guide to Essential Oils/A to Z of essential oils/Cypress
## Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens)

Cypress oil comes from the needles and cones of Cupressus sempervirens trees. It has a woody scent and an astringent effect.

## Properties
### Circulatory

Helps relieve fluid retention, cellulite, hemorrhoids and varicose vains.
It can help cleanse the Lymphatic system.

## Caution

* Don't use Cypress oil if you suffer from hypertension (high blood pressure).
# Transportation Deployment Casebook/2025
## Metros

* Wuhan Metro
* Guangzhou Metro
* Chengdu Metro
* Shenzhen Metro
* Manchester Metrolink
* Taipei MRT
* Zhenghou Metro
* Fuzhou Metro
* Madrid Metro
* Brisbane Metro
* Singapore MRT

## Urban Public Transport

* Busways in Australia
* Sydney's Heavy Suburban Railways

## National Railways

* U.S. Railway Freight
* China's HSR
* The Life Cycle of Japan's National Railways: JNR to JR
* Kyushu Shinkansen in Japan
* High Speed Rail in Spain

## Maritime

* The Rise and Decline of Steamships in the UK
* The Life-Cycle of Containers in Indonesia's Maritime Trade

## Micro-mobility

* Bike sharing in China
* E-scooters in Australia

## Pipeline Transport

* Chinese Pipeline Transport

## Aviation

Sydney aviation
Chinese SAF
EVA air
# Open Scholarship Policy Observatory (Volume 2)

For the first volume in this series, please see Open Scholarship Policy Observatory (Volume 1).

## Overview

The Open Scholarship Policy Observatory (Volume 2) is a book-length compendium of reflections on issues pertinent to the open scholarship movement. This volume, currently in progress, is intended to facilitate understanding of open social scholarship across Canada and internationally, as an aid to influence and implement policy around knowledge mobilization. In doing so, it reflects pertinent policies and their impact across research communities; signals trends and current research; and offers a broad and deep foundation for the development of policy recommendations on important issues, including identity management, open access, data management, citizen science, and other related areas.

## Table of Contents
### 2021

* Wikipedian in Residence Programs (Winter and Jesperson)
* Plan S Update: The Expanding Membership of cOAlition S (Winter)
* Open Access Monographs (Winter)
* Update: Research Data Management in Canada (Winter)
* Open Access Agreements (Winter)
* International Open Access Week 2021, October 25–31 (Winter)
* The Extension of Canada's General Term of Copyright under CUSMA (USMCA) (Winter)
* The Current State of Research Data Management in Canada: A Report by the Digital Research Alliance of Canada (Winter)

### 2022

* The Fonds de Recherche du Québec Join cOAlition S (Winter)
* RDM Capacity Building in Canada and the Portages Insights Reports Series (Winter)
* Canada's National Heritage Digitization Strategy (NHDS) (Winter and Kern)
* The CARL–OpenAIRE Collaboration (Winter)
* The Future of Open Scholarship Project Report on Open Infrastructure (Winter)
* UKRI’s 2021 Open Access Policy (Winter)
* The State of Open Data 2021 Report (Winter)
* Altmetrics for Research Evaluation (Winter)
* The PKP and SciELO's Renewed Partnership (Winter)
* CRKN's Decolonizing Metadata Initiative (Winter and Kern)
* OA Monographs Update (Winter)
* The Nelson Memo (Winter)

### 2023

* An Action Plan for Diamond OA (Winter)
* International Open Access Week 2022, October 24–30 (Winter)
* Market Consolidation in Scholarly Communications (Winter and Sardino)
* Intellectual Property Rights and Open Scholarship in Europe (Winter)
* The Budapest Open Access Initiative’s 20th Anniversary Recommendations (Winter and Kern)
* Research Security and Open Scholarship (Winter)

### 2024

* Review of Canada's Tri-Agency Open Access Policy on Publications (2015) (Winter)
* Community over Commercialization (Amell)
* Responses to Generative AI (Amell)
* Generative AI and Scholarly Publishing (Amell)
* Federal Research Funding Agencies Announce Draft Guidance on the Use of Generative AI (Amell)
# Italian Game
### 3. Bc4

The Italian Game is very popular and one of the oldest openings in chess. White develops the bishop to a good square where it controls a valuable diagonal in the centre and targets Black's f7-pawn. This move also clears the way for early kingside castling. This opening is very easy to study and one of the best choices for beginners. Black has a few responses here, but the most played are 3. Nf6, the Two Knights Defense, which can lead to sharp lines, and 3. Bc5, the Giuoco Piano, which focuses on quiet play and developing pieces, though the Evans Gambit can subvert that.

#### Responses
## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation.
1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4
| | 3 | 4 |
| Two Knights Defence | ... Nf6 | Ng5 d5 | = |
| Giuoco Piano | ... Bc5 | c3 Nf6 | = |
| Hungarian Defence | ... Be7 | d4 exd4 | = |
| Paris Defence | ... d6 | c3 Bg4 | +/= |
| Blackburne Shilling Gambit | ... Nd4 | c3 Nxf3 | +/= |
| Rousseau Gambit | ... f5 | d3 Nf6 | +/= |
| Other | ... a6 | d4 exd4 | 0-0 Bc5 | c3 dxc3 | +/= |

## Statistics

Estimated next move popularity Nf6 56%, Bc5 38%, Be7 3%, d6 2%, all else less than 1%
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.

## External links

* The Italian Game for Beginners

## References

* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# Structured Query Language

Structured Query Language (SQL) is a widely-used programming language for working with relational databases. The name of the language is generally pronounced as the three letters of its abbreviation ˈɛs kjuː ˈɛl or, in some people's usage, as ˈsiːkwəl.
This Wikibook provides a short description of SQL, its origins, basic concepts and components, and many examples. The book follows the specifications of the SQL:2011 standard developed by a common committee of ISO and IEC. Their publications are not freely available but can be ordered online. Or you may want to refer to a working draft that you can download from Whitemarsh Information Systems Corporation.

### Introduction

    About the Book
    Database Management Systems (DBMS)
    Relational DBMS (rDBMS)
    SQL: A Language for Working with rDBMS
    SQL: The Standard ISO IEC 9075 and various Implementations
    Language Elements
    Learning by Doing

### The Snippets Corner

    SELECT code FROM examples WHERE topic = ...

### Foundation

    Create a simple Table
    Handle Data
    Example Database Structure
    Example Database Data

### Data Query Language

    SELECT Fundamentals
       Join Operation
       Grouping
       IS NULL Predicate
       Predefined Functions
       Set Operations
       Case Expression
       Subquery
    Views

### Data Manipulation Language

    INSERT
    INSERT, using Subqueries
    UPDATE
    UPDATE, using Subqueries
    DELETE
    DELETE, using Subqueries
    MERGE
    TRUNCATE
    COMMIT and ROLLBACK

### Data Definition Language

    CREATE TABLE
    Data Types
    Foreign Key
    Alter Table
    Drop Table
    Temporary Table
    Indexes

### Data Control Language

    Managing Rights (GRANT / REVOKE)

### Advanced Topics

    Additional SELECT features
       Pattern Matching (LIKE Predicate and much more)
       IN, SOME/ANY, ALL, EXISTS
       Advanced Grouping: Rollup / Cube
       Window functions (Data Warehouses, OLAP)
       With Clause (Common Table Expression CTE)
       Recursions
       NULLs and the Three Valued Logic
    Transactions / Isolation Levels
    Some Notes on typical SQL (non-trivial) Tasks
       Retrieve Top N Rows per Group
       Eliminate Duplicates

### Appendices

    Warnings and Exceptions (SQLSTATE)
    Glossary

### References

* ↑ "ISO/IEC 9075-2:2011: Information technology -- Database languages -- SQL -- Part 2: Foundation (SQL/Foundation)".

### See also

* Wikibook MariaDB
* Wikibook Microsoft SQL Server
* Wikibook MySQL
* Wikibook Oracle Database
* Wikibook PostgreSQL
* Wikibook SQLite
* Wikibook SQL Dialects Reference
* Wikibook SQL Exercises
* Wikipedia: SQL Key Words
# MariaDB

MariaDB is a fork of MySQL. When MySQL was bought by Oracle, the original author of MySQL decided to start a new branch, which will always be Free Software and open to the contributions of the community.
The purpose of this book is to provide a user-friendly community-contributed manual for MariaDB. Because MariaDB is a fork, this manual won't explain the features of the "parent" software, which are described in the book MySQL.
Unlike the official MySQL documentation, this book is a Free project. It is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 (Unported) and the GNU Free Documentation License.

## Table of contents
### Introduction

* What is MariaDB?
* Differences between MariaDB and MySQL
* History
* Resources

### Storage Engines

* Aria
* PBXT
* XtraDB
* FederatedX
* w:InnoDB

### Features

* Pool of threads
* Table elimination
* Microseconds granularity
* Performance

## Miscellaneous
### Related wikibooks

* Structured Query Language: about general SQL programming, with lots of exercises.
* Converting MySQL to PostgreSQL: also valid for MariaDB
* (IT) MariaDB
# History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Biographies/Frank Basil Cooke
### Frank Basil Cooke
#### Potted Biography

* Cooke, Frank Basil "Basil" - 1892(SA)-1967(NSW) - Licences: XADW Sydney (1913-14); 2LI Sydney (1922-1924); 2XQ Receive Sydney (1923); 2DJ Sydney (Northbridge, 1924-1931; Mosman, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 39, 1924, No. ?? in NSW - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIA NSW, vice-president 1923) - Electoral Rolls: manager (Northbridge, NSW, 1930; salesman (Mosman, NSW, 1931-1943); teacher (Parramatta, NSW, 1949-1954; Wahroonga, NSW, 1958) - Links: Bright Sparcs; Wireless Time; RSNSW - TroveTag:"XADW-2LI-2XQ-2DJ - Frank Basil Cooke" & "!Wikibooks Cooke"

#### Comprehensive Biography

A comprehensive biography of Frank Basil Cooke has not yet been prepared for this Wikibook, however the following resources have been assembled in preparation:
* Research - Frank Basil Cooke - Summary of research to date
* Transcriptions and Notes - Frank Basil Cooke - More than 30 transcriptions (Reads like a biography)
* Photos, QSL cards and other graphics - Frank Basil Cooke - Nothing uploaded as yet, but several QSL cards held
* Incubator of Wikipedia Article on Frank Basil Cooke - Coming real soon now!

#### Key internet links:

Nothing found as yet
# Short guide to the use of laser cutting machines/Laboratory

This section is an index guide of the Laser cutting machines Laboratories:
1.- Use of lines as cutting tools in laser cutting machines.
2.- Tool making with laser cutting machines
3.- Conversion of photographs into vector images for laser cutting.
4.- Circles can also be used to create holes in belts tailored to specific user measures. Lasers can cut safely vegetable tanned leather. Warning: Laser cutters should not be used to cut chemically tanned leather, since toxic materials are released when those materials are cut. Laser cutters can also be used to create logos and any pattern or design.

## See also

Short guide to the use of laser cutting machines/Use of Inkscape for Laser Cutting
Short guide to the use of laser cutting machines/Use of Adobe Illustrator for Laser Cutting
# LuV The/Chapter V
## AND THE THIRD ONE

Our scenario imply that the Moon should have continued its path out from the belt's region to brighter corners. The Caloris basin on Mercury shows that many huge asteroids apparently finished their inward migration with colliding to the Sun. Fortunately, the Moon's track evolved in a more viable way.
The Third planet protected her from disruptive fate. Being bounded by gravitation of the new partner the Moon turned to be its satellite.
If it is true, than was it a long lasting planetary interaction or some kind of reiteration of the impact event between the Moon and Mars?
Probably, the most recent news in geophysics contain the needful answer. This regards to LLVPs, which existence can be interpreted in favor of the impact event.
LLVP is an abbreviation for large low-velocity province. Scientists found two such provinces in the mantle layer of Earth. The first one is called African LLVP, and the second is Pacific LLVP. They were discovered by seismic tomography of deep Earth, and can be described as low seismic wave speed zones, that extend for several hundred of kilometers vertically and for thousands of kilometers laterally.
Panton, Davies, Koelemeijer (2025) found that constituent material of the African LLVP is older than in the second one. We also know that it is the larger of the two.
How they appeared inside Earth?! There are several hypotheses about that. And one of them incredibly suits the scope of our book. Yuan, Li, Desch, Gabriel, Asimow (2023) state that a planet-sized body could impact Earth in its early history and cause formation of this anomaly.
So, let us conclude that after colliding to Mars, the Moon tore along helix-shaped trajectory until encountered Earth. This led to another one cosmic collision between planets. We can assume that the impact event created the African LLVP on Earth, and one of giant mares on the Moon, if not Oceanus Procellarum itself.
The uppermost icy layer of the Moon helped to dissipate the most part of its kinetic energy. After bouncing out from Earth, the Moon couldn't escape its gravitation and started to orbit it.
| To the beginning... | This is chapter V. | To the next chapter... |
# LuV The/Chapter VI
## ATTRACTIVE POWER

To explain existence of planetary satellites commonly accretion disks scenario is used. According to it, planets were formed from circumstellar disks composed of gas, dust and rocks. Within static model of the Solar System this theory has just been extrapolated to circumplanetary disks, from which moons are thought to be created.
But dynamical evolution models do not require millions of years to transform dusty rings into big rocky spheres. Instead, they imply that such spheres had already been there, and just changed their orbits in conformity with new positions of the planets.
We know that there is no any systematicalness in how many and what kind of satellites orbit planets. There is a big one near Earth, none orbits Venus, two asteroid-like bodies spin around Mars, and a huge number of satellites can we find near Jupiter and other giants.
Perhaps, it would be better to recognize that capturing scenario is more preferable for satellites, even big ones.
A very complicated theory, for example, is considered to be main in explaining origin of the Moon. Firstly, it was proposed that two terrestrial planets drifted on the same orbit. Do we have other examples of such planetary coexistence?! Then those two planets had a collision, after which the smaller was reduced to dust, but the bigger (which is Earth) suffered much less damage. Then a large debris ring was accumulated near Earth and went through accretion again. And after that, disregarding to neighbor's gravity, a new body with differentiated entrails was born.
Within this theory the Moon was created from double-accreted material: the first accretion took place somewhere on Earth's orbit, and the second accretion – on nowadays Moon's orbit. Within our theory dwarf planet accreted only once and on orbit initially free from gravitational influence of other planets.
If Jupiter indeed changed its own disposition and forced the Moon to migrate inward, we can assume that planetesimals and asteroids which had been left behind new Jovian orbit were pushed out. Many of those bodies during their outward migration could be captured by other giant planets and become their satellites.
But of course this is not an attempt to totally reject the role of accretion in formation of satellites. Returning to Jovian system, the four inner satellites within Jupiter's ring system are probably the best example of how debris can accrete to form small astronomical bodies. As for the Galilean moons, their sizes and structure seems to be very close to that of proto-Moon, so that we proposed that they were captured dwarf planets.
| To the beginning... | This is chapter VI. | To the next chapter... |
# Grob's Gambit Declined

Black plays c6, declines the gambit in order to avoid tricky situations and defends d4. The position for black looks like Caro-Kann Defense. White still can continue with c4 idea, but then they should play Qa4 after dxc4.
# Grob's Gambit Accepted

Black "accepts" the gambit by just taking a pawn. White usually continues with two moves:

### 3. c4

c4, the Fritz Gambit is another move where white gambits a pawn. However it's tricky - after dxc4 white can play Bxb7 and take the rook in future. But this is risky situation, because you don't really have a continuation after fourth move.

### 3. c3

This is more solid move. It doesn't create any attacks but helps to develop and play d4 in future in order to create a good pawn structure to complete development later. But don't forget that your kingside is damaged.
# Grob's Gambit

White continues with Bg2, gambiting up the pawn on g4 as there's no actual way to defend it. In exchange they have a few tricks in their sleeve. Black usually accepts the gambit by taking free pawn with move 2...Bxg4.