# Canadian Criminal Law/Offences/Trafficking in Persons
## Legislation

   Trafficking in persons 279.01 (1) Every person who recruits, transports, transfers, receives, holds, conceals or harbours a person, or exercises control, direction or influence over the movements of a person, for the purpose of exploiting them or facilitating their exploitation is guilty of an indictable offence and liable
       (a) to imprisonment for life if they kidnap, commit an aggravated assault or aggravated sexual assault against, or cause death to, the victim during the commission of the offence; or
       (b) to imprisonment for a term of not more than fourteen years in any other case.
   Consent (2) No consent to the activity that forms the subject-matter of a charge under subsection (1) is valid.
   2005, c. 43, s. 3.
   Trafficking of a person under the age of eighteen years 279.011 (1) Every person who recruits, transports, transfers, receives, holds, conceals or harbours a person under the age of eighteen years, or exercises control, direction or influence over the movements of a person under the age of eighteen years, for the purpose of exploiting them or facilitating their exploitation is guilty of an indictable offence and liable
       (a) to imprisonment for life and to a minimum punishment of imprisonment for a term of six years if they kidnap, commit an aggravated assault or aggravated sexual assault against, or cause death to, the victim during the commission of the offence; or
       (b) to imprisonment for a term of not more than fourteen years and to a minimum punishment of imprisonment for a term of five years, in any other case.
   Consent (2) No consent to the activity that forms the subject-matter of a charge under subsection (1) is valid.
   2010, c. 3, s. 2.
   Material benefit 279.02 Every person who receives a financial or other material benefit, knowing that it results from the commission of an offence under subsection 279.01(1) or 279.011(1), is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than ten years.
   2005, c. 43, s. 3; 2010, c. 3, s. 3.
   Withholding or destroying documents 279.03 Every person who, for the purpose of committing or facilitating an offence under subsection 279.01(1) or 279.011(1), conceals, removes, withholds or destroys any travel document that belongs to another person or any document that establishes or purports to establish another person’s identity or immigration status is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than five years, whether or not the document is of Canadian origin or is authentic.
   2005, c. 43, s. 3; 2010, c. 3, s. 3.
   Exploitation 279.04 (1) For the purposes of sections 279.01 to 279.03, a person exploits another person if they cause them to provide, or offer to provide, labour or a service by engaging in conduct that, in all the circumstances, could reasonably be expected to cause the other person to believe that their safety or the safety of a person known to them would be threatened if they failed to provide, or offer to provide, the labour or service.
   Factors (2) In determining whether an accused exploits another person under subsection (1), the Court may consider, among other factors, whether the accused
       (a) used or threatened to use force or another form of coercion;
       (b) used deception; or
       (c) abused a position of trust, power or authority.
   Organ or tissue removal (3) For the purposes of sections 279.01 to 279.03, a person exploits another person if they cause them, by means of deception or the use or threat of force or of any other form of coercion, to have an organ or tissue removed.
   2005, c. 43, s. 3; 2012, c. 15, s. 2.
   – CCC