# Psychiatric Disorders/Timeline in Psychiatry
## 1550 BC

The Ebers papyrus, one of the most important medical papyri of ancient Egypt, briefly mentioned clinical depression.

## 4th century BC

Hippocrates theorized that physiological abnormalities may be the root of mental disorders.

## 280 BC

Greek physician and philosopher Herophilus studies the nervous system and distinguishes between sensory nerves and motor nerves.

## 250 BC

Greek anatomist Erasistratus studies the brain and distinguishes between the cerebrum and cerebellum.

## 705

The first psychiatric hospital was built in Baghdad.

## 11th century

Persian physician Avicenna recognized 'physiological psychology' in the treatment of illnesses involving emotions, and developed a system for associating changes in the pulse rate with inner feelings.

## 13th century

Bethlem Royal Hospital in London, one of the famous old psychiatric hospitals, was set up.

## 1590

Scholastic philosopher Rudolph Goclenius used the term psychology. Though often regarded as the "origin" of the term, there is conclusive evidence that it was used at least six decades earlier by Marko Maruliæ.

## 1656

Louis XIV of France created a public system of hospitals for those suffering from mental disorders.

## 1672

In English physician Thomas Willis' anatomical treatise "De Anima Brutorum", Psychology was described in terms of Brain Function.

## 1758

English physician William Battie wrote the Treatise on Madness which called for treatments to be utilized in asylums.

## 1808

Dr. Johann Christian Reil, German physician, anatomist, physiologist and psychiatrist, coined the term 'Psychiatry'.

## 1816

French physician Dr. Rene Laennec invented the Stethoscope.

## 1821

The element of Lithium was first isolated from Lithium Oxide and described by William Thomas Brande, an English chemist.

## 1893

Dr. Emil Kraeplin defined "Dementia Praecox", currently Schizophrenia.

## 1895

German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered medical use of X- rays in medical imaging and was conferred the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901.

## 1899

Dr. Sigmund Freud published 'The interpretation of dreams'.

## 1901
### Alzheimer

Dr. Alois Alzheimer, German psychiatrist and neuropathologist, identified the first case of what later became known as Alzheimer's disease.

### Blood Types

Austrian biologist and physician, Dr. Karl Landsteiner discovered the existence of different human blood types and in 1930, he won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

## 1905

French Psychologists Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon created the Binet-Simon scale to assess intellectual ability, marking the start for standardized psychological testing.

## 1906

Dr. Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, Russian physiologist, psychologist, and physician, published his first Conditioning studies.

## 1908

The word schizophrenia was coined by Dr. Paul Eugen Bleuler, Swiss psychiatrist.

## 1929

Dr. Hans Berger, German neuropsychiatrist, discovered human electroencephalography.

## 1934

Dr. Manfred Joshua Sakel, Polish neurophysiologist and psychiatrist, introduced insulin shock therapy; a precursor to ECT.

## 1936

Otto Loewi, Austrian-German-American pharmacologist, won the 1936 Nobel Prize in Medicine, which he shared with Sir Henry Dale, for his discovery of Acetylcholine, the first neurotransmitter to be described.

## 1938

Dr.Ugo Cerletti, Italian neurologist and Dr. Lucio Bini, Italian psychiatrist, discovered Electroconvulsive Therapy.

## 1948

Lithium carbonate's ability to stabilize mood highs and lows in bipolar disorder was demonstrated.

## 1949

Dr. Antonio Egaz Moniz, neurologist at the Lisbon Medical School won Nobel prize for his work on psychosurgery / lobotomy.

## 1952
### Chlorpromazine

The first published clinical trial of Chlorpromazine was conducted at Ste. Anne Hôspital in Paris.

### Manual

The APA published the first Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders.

## 1960

The first benzodiazepine, Librium, was introduced, marking the rise of psychopharmacology.

## 1963

United States president John F. Kennedy introduced legislation delegating the National Institute of Mental Health to administer Community Mental Health Centers for those being discharged from state psychiatric hospitals.

## 1970

FDA approved Lithium for acute mania.

## 1972

Psychologist David Rosenhan published the Rosenhan experiment, a study challenging the validity of psychiatric diagnoses.

## 1977

The ICD-9 was published by the WHO.

## 1988

The first selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant, 'Prozac', was released and quickly became most prescribed.

## 1988

US President George Bush declared 1990s as "The decade of the brain".

## 2000

The No Free Lunch organization was founded by Dr. Bob Goodman, an internist from New York.