OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Robotics/Physical Construction/Resourcefulness

Though many components for a serious robotics project will almost certainly have to be purchased, the total cost of the project can be reduced by harvesting parts from various electronic and electro-mechanical devices. The general rule for selection is "the older, the better," as newer devices are now dominated by specialized ICs and surface mount components that builders might find difficult to use in their robots. SMD (Surface-mounted devices) can be used to create very small robots, if one has the tools and patience to work with them.
An example of a good source of parts would be a printer from the 1980s. Without even disassembling such a printer, one can see all sorts of potentially useful components. Additionally, several metal rods and plates contained in the printer may be used as structural parts for the robot, and even the plastic case itself could be used.
Old floppy disk drives and copy machines are also good sources for parts such as stepper motors, optocouplers or microswitches, regular components, machined metal rods and hardware. Hard disk drives have fewer usable parts but can still be a source.
However stepper motors from printers and copy machines tend to consume a lot of power and may not be as good for battery operated robots.
Note to potential contributors: perhaps there could be a "case studies" section here, with examples of what can be obtained from a variety of devices.
# Robotics/Navigation/Mapping

To find routes efficiently a robot has to know it's surroundings. Maps can be very handy for this. Either the robot has the memory and tools for it and draws its own map, gets its map in advance or get a partial map (e.g. only walls) and adds the other obstacles to it itself.
* Getting the map in advance works fine in a static environment.
* The partial map is a more efficient approach as it already contains all the static parts of the world.
* Working from scratch is the best approach when the robot is often placed in new environments.
Drawing a map has 2 major issues:
* Not all elements in the surroundings are stationary. Most sensors are too limited to measure directly if the obstacle is a wall, a chair or a person. A method for solving this issue is to use a "score" for each obstacle measured. Add to the score if the object is detected again when the robot passes the same location.
* Localization isn't perfect. Small accumulating errors can make it hard to determine the exact location of the robot and therefor can make it hard to find where a detected obstacle has to be noted on the map. One solution to this problem is Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM), which corrects the location of detected objects based on the estimated error of the robots location.
A third minor issue is memory. On a robot build without a computer memory is limited and storing an entire map can be next to impossible. If you have the memory the map can be stored in different ways:
* 2D array: Easy and fast to access, very wasteful with memory.
* linked list: slower to use, more efficient with memory.
* Quadtree: faster than linked list, much harder to implement, very efficient with memory.
Implementing these structures on a PC is reasonably easy, however constructing them in a limited environment as a microcontroller is a serious challenge.
# Tying a reef knot

The Boy Scout instructions for this knot are: right-over-left and under; left-over-right and through.
More formal, tie a left-handed overhand knot and then a right-handed overhand knot or vice versa.
Do not tie two knots of the same handedness. That makes a Granny knot.

# Description

This knot is the first knot most Boy Scouts learn, and in fact mastery of the knot is listed among the joining requirements in several countries.
The Reef knot is only useful in basic applications. It should be used to bind small laces or ropes together, provided not too much force is applied on it, but should not be used as a bend knot. It is easily tied and since it won't jam, also easily untied. It is used to tie packages, and as a base for the shoe-bow. Sailors used it for binding rolled sails or better reefed sails.
If you pull on one end, at right-angles to the knot, it will loosen and invert (turning into a lark's head knot), hence its original purpose: it secured the furled-in sails, and is easily undone one-handedly by a sailor who is holding on with the other hand. The weight of the sail would drag the lark's head undone.

## Critics

A number of knotting guides have voted this knot "the worst knot", and noted that more deaths and injuries have been caused by its misuse than all other knots combined. Its symmetry and initial feel of security have led to it having a wide and undeserved reputation as a secure knot, which it certainly is not, especially if the ropes are of differing sizes or materials, or if the rope is likely to be bumped.
The International Guild of Knot Tyers (IGKT) warns that this knot should never be used to bend two ropes together even though many scout troops, and other organisations around the world, insist on teaching it for this very purpose. It is likely that this is the cause of most of the deaths referred to above.

# Other names

* Square knot (American)
* Platte knoop (Dutch)
* Råbandsknop (Swedish)
* Kreuzknoten, Doppelknoten (German)

# Related Knots

* Granny knot
* Thief knot
* What knot
# Scouting/BSA/Wood Carving Merit Badge
## Requirement 1

Do the following:
    A. Explain to your counselor the hazards you are most likely to encounter while wood carving, and what you should do to anticipate, help prevent, mitigate, or lessen these hazards.
    B. Show that you know first aid for injuries or illnesses that could occur while wood carving, including minor cuts and scratches and splinters.

## Requirement 2

Do the following:
    A. Earn the Totin' Chip recognition.
    B. Discuss with your merit badge counselor your understanding of the Safety Checklist for Carving.

## Requirement 3

Do the following:
    A. Explain to your counselor, orally or in writing, the care and use of five types of tools that you may use in a carving project.
    B. Tell your counselor how to care for and use several types of sharpening devices, then demonstrate that you know how to use these devices.

## Requirement 4

Using a piece of scrap wood or a project on which you are working, show your merit badge counselor that you know how to do the following:
    A. Paring cut
    B. Basic cut and push cut
    C. "V" cut
    D. Score line or Stop cut

## Requirement 5

Tell why different woods are used for different projects. Explain why you chose the type of wood you did for your projects in requirements 6 and 7.

## Requirement 6

Plan your own or select a project from this [Wood Carving] merit badge pamphlet and complete a simple carving in the round.

## Requirement 7

Complete a simple low-relief OR a chip carving project.

## External links

* Wood Carving Merit Badge with Workbook PDF, current requirements, and resources.
* How to Sharpen Woodcarving Tools from FineWoodworking.com
* Earning Merit Badges in the Boy Scouts of America
* Indoor Hobbies and Arts and Crafts
* Art | Basketry | Bugling | Coin Collecting | Collections | Cooking | Dog Care | Fingerprinting | Genealogy | Indian Lore | Leatherwork | Model Design and Building | Moviemaking | Music | Painting | Pets | Photography | Pottery | Programming | Radio | Railroading | Reading | Sculpture | Stamp Collecting | Theater | Wood Carving | Woodwork
# Scouting/Knots

This part of the book will cover nearly everything you can do with rope and lace.
* Stoppers
* Bends
* Loops
* Nooses
* Hitches
* Lashes
* Decorational Knots
# Scouting/Knots/Bends

Bends or Bendknots are used to bend two ropes together. The most famous bend is of course the Reef knot, which is the first knots boy scouts learn nearly everywhere on earth. It is also presented in the WOSM flag.
* Reef knot, square knot
* Granny knot
* Thief knot
* What knot, grief knot
# Scouting/Knots/Bends/Granny knot

A Granny Knot is basically an incorrectly tied Reef knot. On the Reef Knot page is a blue and red graphic representing that knot. A Granny Knot is similar, except for one thing.
In a Reef Knot, the two blue ends cross underneath the red loop on the right side and the two red ends cross over the blue loop on the left side of the knot. In a Granny Knot, the top blue end would be over the red loop on the right side and the top red end would be under the blue loop on the left side of the knot.
Also, the red rope part at the top of the knot would cross over the blue part of the rope, rather than under it.
The Reef Knot is criticized as an unstable knot. The Granny Knot is much, much more unstable and should never be used for any purpose.
# Scouting/Knots/Decorational Knots

Decorational knots are divided into the following categories:
* Flat Decorational Knots - Any knot that produces a flat result, like a mat.
* Spherical Decorational Knots - Any knot slightly resembling a stopper.
* Sinnets - Braids and other Sinnets.
* Ring Knots - Ring-shaped knots related to the Turks Heads.
# Reddit

Founded by two college graduates in 2005, Reddit is a social aggregation website that allows users to submit content, which is then voted up or down by other users. Content is organized into specific forums called "subreddits". The more upvotes a submission receives, it will appear near the top of the subreddit, and, if it receives enough, make it to the website's front page. Reddit has been decisive in shaping internet culture and giving rise to popular memes, as well as popularizing crowd-funding and creating the "AMA" interview format. This guide will help new users grasp the functions and culture of the site.

## Table of Contents

* Subreddits
* Voting
* Posting
* Karma
# References

| bad | good |
| Introduction | Organic Chemistry/Introduction |
| Overview of Functional Groups | Organic Chemistry/Overview of Functional Groups |
| Authors | Organic Chemistry/Authors |
# Recreational Ice Figure Skating/Introduction
## Scope

This books covers a wide variety of topics of interest to the active recreational skater and lower level test and competitive figure skaters, from the very basics to more advanced freestyle skills (simple jumps, spins and footwork), as well as advice to select and take care of boots and blades and tips for off-ice training. The contents have been compiled from the advice and experiences of other recreational and competitive skaters of many levels of ability; therefore there is a lot of emphasis on not merely describing the skills and what they should look like, but also the process of learning, what it should feel like, what mistakes you are more likely to make and what tips and exercises a variety of people have found useful to learn them.

## Disclaimer

This book is furnished "as is" without express or implied warranty. If you wish to learn figure skating, you will progress much faster if you sign up for a class (offered at many rinks) and have a qualified instructor demonstrate the proper techniques and help correct you if you are doing something wrong. It is a good idea to rely on a good instructor to help you select skates and other equipment.

## Acknowledgements

Much of the content of the book appeared originally as a "Frequently Asked Questions" archive posted to the now mostly inactive Usenet newsgroup rec.sport.skating.ice.recreational and is distilled from responses to questions and comments posted to this newsgroup and an old mailing list dedicated to figure skating as a participant sport (skaters-l@udel.edu). Many people contributed to the original FAQ, far too numerous to mention. However, special thanks are due to Karen Bryden, a co-author of the FAQ, and to two very active posters, Janet Swan Hill and the late George Robbins.
# Reference

| bad | good |
| Introduction | Organic Chemistry/Introduction |
| Overview of Functional Groups | Organic Chemistry/Overview of Functional Groups |
| Authors | Organic Chemistry/Authors |
# Software Engineers Handbook/Language Dictionary/Assembly Template

Note: All assembly language sample code depends on the developing environment assembler and operating system.

## <Assembly Language Name Here>

<Describe the language, include a brief history if possible.>

### Type

<Describe if this is CISC,RISC...>

### Execution Entry Point

<Describe how/where the program is started i.e. 0? How to get it to start somewhere else?>

### Registers

<Describe the number of registers available and their use. i.e. general purpose, stack pointer...>

### General Syntax

<Try to give a high level description of the contents of a typical statement i.e.

### Comments

<Describe and show the syntax for comments, or if comments are allowed>

### Interrupts

<Describe how interrupts work with this language and how to program for them.>

### Conditional Statements

<Describe the conditional statements in text and present
(put a space in the front of the line to format as code)>

### Input/Output

<How does input and output work? Are they memory mapped or instructions? Describe how to output Hello world! or similar output program.>

### Indirection

<How many layers of address indirection are allowed? Show example code.>

### Physical Structure

<Describe how the files, libararies, and parts are typically divided and arranged. Do they have typical file extensions in the various forms?>

### Useful Commands

<List code and descriptions of particularly useful commands for this assembly language.>

### Tips

<Please include tips that make it easier to switch to this language from another language.>

### Sources

<Where can you get assemblers, cross assemblers and simulators for this assembly language?>

### Web References

<List additional references on the web. Please include for what level reader the references are appropriate. (beginner/intermediate/advanced)
Where is the code set on the web?>

### Books and Articles

<List additional books and articles that may be helpful. Please include for what level reader the references are appropriate. (beginner/intermediate/advanced)>
# Software Engineers Handbook/Language Dictionary/Burroughs B5700
## Burroughs B5700

Assembler? What assembler? Everything was written in Algol except the very first bootstrap, which was in some kind of "pseudo-assembler".

### Type

Stack-oriented.

### Execution Entry Point

<Describe how/where the program is started i.e. 0? How to get it to start somewhere else?>

### Registers

<Describe the number of registers available and their use. i.e. general purpose, stack pointer...>

### Interrupts

<Describe how interrupts work with this language and how to program for them.>

### Conditional Statements

<Describe the conditional statements in text and present
(put a space in the front of the line to format as code)>

### Input/Output

<How does input and output work? Are they memory mapped or instructions? Describe how to output Hello world! or similar output program.>

### Indirection

<How many layers of address indirection are allowed? Show example code.>

### Physical Structure

<Describe how the files, libararies, and parts are typically divided and arranged. Do they have typical file extensions in the various forms?> The computer had a lot of blinking lights on the front of it.

### Useful Commands

<List code and descriptions of particularly useful commands for this assembly language.>

### Tips

<Please include tips that make it easier to switch to this language from another language.>

### Sources

<Where can you get assemblers, cross assemblers and simulators for this assembly language?>

### Web References

<List additional references on the web. Please include for what level reader the references are appropriate. (beginner/intermediate/advanced)
Where is the code set on the web?>

### Books and Articles

<List additional books and articles that may be helpful. Please include for what level reader the references are appropriate. (beginner/intermediate/advanced)>
# Software Engineers Handbook/Language Dictionary/C
## C

looking for the story of C here

### Type

C is a full, procedural language.

### Execution Entry Point

An executable starts with the main method.

### General Syntax

The typical statement is completed by a semi-colon. For the assignment of b to a use:

### Comments

Block comments are specified by a starting /* and ending */ They can span multiple lines.

### Variable Declarations

Declarations need to appear at the top of the scope.
Declare i as an integer:
Declare i as an integer and give it an initial value of 0:

### Method Declaration/Implementation

Methods are declared by specifying the interface for the method.
Method implementation repeats much of the same information

### Scope

Scope is defined by curly braces.

### Conditional Statements

If and only if A is equal to B assign C to D, otherwise, assign E to F.
or
Alternatively, a switch statement can be used for multiple choice operations. This sample converts a number input to text.

### Looping Statements

This code counts from 0 to 9, adding up the contents of the array.
This code repeats until the number 4 is found. If this runs off of the end of the array, there could be a problem.
This code increments the counter before the check is made, so that it starts with element 1.

### Containers

struct

### Algorithms

Implement your own, or find a library.

### Garbage collection

Garbage collection is manual.

### Physical Structure

Generally, the interfaces are defined before the implementation in header files (often *.h) or above the implementation. The implementation files are often named *.c. Useful collections of classes can be compiled into libraries, often *.dll, *.a, or *.so, which can be compiled into executables (statically linked) or used on the fly (dynamically linked).

### Tips

Don't confuse these two:
Often using the one you don't want will compile, and will produce results you did not expect.
A good practice is to write; if(CONSTANT == variable) rather than if(variable == CONSTANT) since the compiler will catch; if(CONSTANT = variable) but not if(variable = CONSTANT).
Use a compiler that generates lots of helpful warnings, even if the code is valid. You could also / instead use a program such as 'lint'. This will help you avoid simple bugs such as the above-mentioned bug "if ( x = 1 )" instead of "if ( x == 1 )".
Arrays start with index 0.

### Web References

List additional references on the web. Please include for what level reader the references are appropriate. (beginner/intermediate/advanced)

### Books and Articles

need references
The C programming language: (sample link: http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/cbook/ )
# Technical Analysis
## Contents

* Foreword
* About this book
* Psychology And Markets
* Basis of Technical Analysis
* Type of Charts
* Patterns
* Technical Indicators
* Software
* Trading Approaches
# Technical Analysis/About

Note: The term "security" when referring to any trade-able financial instrument. This includes stocks, bonds, commodities, futures, indices, mutual funds, options, etc.
Technical analysis is the study of prices, with charts being the primary tool.
Technical analysis seeks to identify and exploit changes in the mood of financial markets over time and exploit irrational changes in value due to mood swings. The price of a security represents a consensus. It is the price at which one person agrees to buy and another agrees to sell.
Technical analysts argue that, provided the urge to resist following the market can be maintained, it is possible to systematically identify and predict swings in market moods.
If (s)he expects the security's price to rise, (s)he will buy it; if the investor expects the price to fall, (s)he will sell it. These simple statements are the cause of a major challenge in forecasting security prices, because they refer to human expectations.
To make readers understand Technical Analysis is practical and it is possible to use it for making predictions. This wikibook will contain some charts.
# Technical Analysis/Basis of Technical Analysis
## Price Forecasting

Price forecasting in general are grouped into Fundamental Analysis and Technical Analysis.
However, with the Technical Analysis , we will get two types of main trend analysis that are : Trend Following and Trend Predicting. Of the listed, which we will get in touch some of them with later chapters.
| Trend Following | Trend Predicting |
| Moving Averages | Elliot Wave |
| N-Rule/Channel Breakout | Fibonacci |
| Oscillators (RSI,MAC,Stoc) | Gann Theory |
| Bollinger Bands | Chart Patterns |
| Candlestick Patterns | - |

## Basis of Technical Analysis

The study is based on the interaction of the forces of demand and supply of stock. It mainly considers that the market is free and market forces will prevail to bring equilibrium.
The fundamental belief behind the technical analysis is that "The Price says it all". This means if a stock is available at $125 then this includes all the information as of today about the stock. Most of the technical analyst believe that the news which are important for the stock reflects on the chart by its movement. If there were any fundamental change in the financial health the imbalance is created by those who are aware of this change (also called operators) and the price will start movement to the new equilibrium point.

### Price Movement

Basic principle of price movement is Price of stock will move up only if there is demand for the stock. The price will move down if there is supply of the stock.
If on a particular day the price have moved up and closed it is concluded that the demand for the stock was more than the supply. The volume (ie number of stocks traded) indicates the strength in the movement. More the volume more is the strength (ie if the volume is more than average the strength is more).

### Case Study

There are movements in the stock and they are based on various buying and selling in high quantities. Now we as a small investor might not be aware about such news. But the big news which we are aware about can be easily traced on the chart. Few of them are elaborated below.

#### Satyam Computer Scandal

Satyam Computer Scandal is one of the big scandal which rocked Indian stock market. If we have a look at the chart of Satyam computer today we can clearly see the history recorded on this chart for ever.
As can be seen from the chart the stock of Satyam Computers fell from Rs.180 to Rs.5 in 2 trading sessions. Big events have big marks on the chart and small events have small marks on the chart. So even if the news are not known to the one looking at the chart he/she must be able to say the there was something wrong or something right with this company which made this stock stock move in such a direction on a particular day.
# Technical Analysis/Foreword

Technical analysis is a trading discipline employed to evaluate investments and identify trading opportunities by analyzing statistical trends found in charts gathered from trading activity, such as price movement and volume to determine future price behavior. Technical analysis is applicable to stocks, indices, commodities, futures or any trade-able instrument where the price is influenced by the forces of supply and demand.
The roots of modern-day technical analysis stem from the Dow Theory, developed around 1900 by Charles Dow. Stemming either directly or indirectly from the Dow Theory, these roots include such principles as the trending nature of prices, prices discounting all known information and volume mirroring changes in price.
Technical analysis assume the market to be 80% psychological and 20% logical. The psychological or logical part may be open for debate, but there is no questioning the current price of trading activities. After all, it is available for all to see and nobody doubts its legitimacy. The price set by the market reflects the sum knowledge of all participants. These participants have considered almost everything under the sun and settled on a price to buy or sell. These are the forces of supply and demand at work. By examining price action to determine which force is prevailing, technical analysis focuses directly on the bottom line:
(1) What is the price?
(2) Where has it been?
(3) Where is it going?