# Flora of New York/Crossosomatales, Sapindales

| ← Myrtales | Flora of New York — Crossosomatales, Sapindales | Flora of New York — Crossosomatales, Sapindales | Flora of New York — Crossosomatales, Sapindales | Flora of New York — Crossosomatales, Sapindales | → Malvales |
| ← Myrtales | Table of contents | Genus index | Protected species index | Invasive species index | → Malvales |
| Clades | Order | Family | Subfamily | Tribe | Genus | Common names | # |
| angiosperms:   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Crossosomatales | Staphyleaceae | — | — | Staphylea | bladdernut | 1 |
| angiosperms:   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Sapindales | Anacardiaceae | Anacardioideae | Rhoeae | Rhus | sumac | 5 |
| angiosperms:   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Sapindales | Anacardiaceae | Anacardioideae | Rhoeae | Toxicodendron | poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac | 4 |
| angiosperms:   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Sapindales | Anacardiaceae | Anacardioideae | Rhoeae | Cotinus | smoketree | 2 |
| angiosperms:   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Sapindales | Sapindaceae | Hippocastanoideae | Acereae | Acer | maple | 15 |
| angiosperms:   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Sapindales | Sapindaceae | Hippocastanoideae | Hippocastaneae | Aesculus | buckeye, horse chestnut | 2 |
| angiosperms:   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Sapindales | Sapindaceae | Sapindoideae | Koelreuterieae | Koelreuteria | golden rain tree | 1 |
| angiosperms:   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Sapindales | Sapindaceae | Sapindoideae | Paullinieae | Cardiospermum | balloon vine | 1 |
| angiosperms:   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Sapindales | Simaroubaceae | — | Ailantheae | Ailanthus | tree-of-heaven, Chinese sumac | 1 |
| angiosperms:   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Sapindales | Rutaceae | Rutoideae | — | Ruta | rue | 1 |
| angiosperms:   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Sapindales | Rutaceae | Toddalioideae | — | Zanthoxylum | prickly ash | 1 |
| angiosperms:   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Sapindales | Rutaceae | Toddalioideae | — | Ptelea | hop tree | 1 |
| angiosperms:   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Sapindales | Rutaceae | Toddalioideae | — | Phellodendron | Amur cork tree | 1 |
| angiosperms:   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Sapindales | Rutaceae | Toddalioideae | — | Dictamnus | gas plant | 1 |
| angiosperms:   eudicots:     rosids:       malvids | Sapindales | Meliaceae | Melioideae | Melieae | Melia | Chinaberry tree | 1 |

# Order Crossosomatales

* The Crossosomatales Takht. ex Reveal (1993) is a small order that has a single native species in New York.
* ↑ P. F. Stevens (2001-2015). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 13. Sep. 2013.
* ↑ Staphyleaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

## Family Staphyleaceae

* The Staphyleaceae (bladdernut family) has been placed in Sapindales as recently as 1981 (Cronquist) and 1997 (Takhtajan). Only one species of this family is found in New York.
* ↑ P. F. Stevens (2001-2015). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 13. Sep. 2013.
* ↑ Staphyleaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

### Staphylea

Crossosomatales — Staphyleaceae — Staphylea :
| Genus Staphylea | Bladdernut | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Staphylea trifolia L.1753. Staphylea trifolia L.1766. Staphylodendron trifoliatum Crantz | American bladdernut, Bladder nutStaphylier à trois folioles, Staphylier trifolié | Native, CoC: 7, Secure FAC Perennial, Tree, shrub, Shade | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Staphylea trifolia at MissouriPlants.com ||||||

# Order Sapindales

* The order Sapindales

## Family Anacardiaceae

* The Anacardiaceae (cashew or sumac family) ...
* ↑ Anacardiaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

### Subfamily Anacardioideae
#### Rhus

* Rhus typhinaRhus contains the sumac trees, which are all beneficial New York natives. However, the Chinese sumac or tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima) in the Simaroubaceae (quassia family, below) is a potentially invasive non-native.
Sapindales — Anacardiaceae — Anacardioideae — Rhoeae — Rhus :
| Genus Rhus | Sumac | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Rhus typhina L.1753. Datisca hirta L. (i) 1756. Rhus typhina L. 1768. Rhus canadensis Mill. 1847. Rhus typhina  var. lacinata  Alph. Wood 1891. Toxicodendron typhinum Kuntze 1892. Rhus americana Dippel 1892. Rhus hirta (L.) Sudw. (i) 1894. Rhus frutescens Hort (i) 1903. Schmaltzia hirta (L.) Small (i) | Staghorn sumac, Stag's-horn sumac, Velvet sumac, Vinegar treeSumac vinaigrier, Sumac amaranthe, Vinaigrier | Native, CoC: 1, Secure UPL Perennial, Tree, shrub | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN COL POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Rhus glabra L.1753. Rhus glabra L. | Smooth sumac | Native, CoC: 3, Secure UPL Perennial, Tree, shrub | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Rhus copallinum L. var. copallinum1753. Rhus copallinum L. | Winged sumac | Native, CoC: 7, Secure FACU-UPL Perennial, Tree, Shrub | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Rhus copallinum L. var. latifolia Engl.1883. Rhus copallinumvar. latifolia1891. Toxicodendron copallinumvar. latifolium | Broadleaf winged sumac | Native, CoC: 7, No reports FACU-UPL Perennial, Tree, Shrub | Oswego (1922) NYFA: U | USDA-NN BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Rhus aromatica Aiton var. aromatica1789. Rhus aromatica Aiton | Fragrant sumac | Native, CoC: 7, Secure UPL Perennial, Shrub | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN ARS-GRIN ITIS BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Rhus aromatica var. arenaria1905. Schmaltzia arenaria Greene 1937. Rhus trilobata  var. arenaria  (Greene) F.A.Barkley 1940. Schmaltzia trilobata  var. arenaria  (Greene) F.A.Barkley 1941. Rhus aromatica  var. arenaria  (Greene) Fernald 1945. Rhus arenaria (Greene) G.N.Jones | Fragrant sumac | N. America native  US midwest, N.Y. excluded | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-N0 Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Rhus × borealis Greene (pro sp.)  Rhus glabra ×   Rhus typhina1901. Rhus glabravar. borealis1906. Rhus borealis Greene1908. Rhus pulvinata Greene | Northern sumac, Pulvinate sumac, Hybrid of  smooth sumac &  staghorn sumac | Native, Threatened | NYFA: 2? | USDA-NN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

#### Toxicodendron

* Toxicodendron contains the native, but often unwelcome, poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac trio. All of these produce the resin urushiol which can cause severe skin and mucous-membrane irritation in those who have a sensitivity to it.

##### Toxicodendron sect. Toxicodendron

* While both eastern poison-ivy (T. radicans) and western poison-ivy (T. rydbergii) are rhizomatous and may occur as low shrubs, only eastern poison-ivy has aerial roots, allowing it to also occur as a trailing or climbing liana.
* Eastern poison-ivy — In North America in general, T. radicans ssp. radicans occurs primarily east of the Appalachian Mountains and can be considered as a coastal taxon, while ssp. negundo occurs primarily west of the Appalachians. In New York, ssp. radicans occurs primarily in the southeast part of the state and up the Hudson Valley, while ssp. negundo occurs in the western and central parts of the state.
* Western poison-ivy — Toxicodendron rydbergii is closely related to eastern poison-ivy, and despite its morphological differences and lack of climbing ability, may still be considered a subspecies or variety of T. radicans.
* ↑ Innes, Robin J. 2012. Toxicodendron radicans, T. rydbergii. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer).
* ↑ Troy Weldy, David Werier & Andrew Nelson (2015) "T. radicans ssp. radicans" "T. radicans ssp. negundo" New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, N.Y.
| T. radicans | Leaflets | Petioles | Drupes | Stems |
| ssp. radicans | fairly flat, underside glabrous except on main veins; tufts of hair on vein axils | glabrous | pubescent, scabrous, or papillose | may have aerial roots |
| ssp. negundo | fairly flat, underside softly pubescent | pubescent | usually glabrous | may have aerial roots |
| ssp. rydbergii | thicker, somewhat folded, underside glabrous to sparsely strigose, upper surface glabrous | glabrous | larger, glabrous | without aerial roots |
Sapindales — Anacardiaceae — Anacardioideae — Rhoeae — Toxicodendron sect. Toxicodendron :
| Genus Toxicodendron Mill. sect. Toxicodendron | Poison ivy | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntzessp. radicans1753. Rhus radicans L.1768. Toxicodendron vulgare Mill.1891. Toxicodendron radicans Kuntze1902. Rhus littoralis Mearns1924. R. radicansvar. littoralis Deam1941. R. radicansvar. malacotrichocarpaFernald | Eastern poison ivyHerbe à puce de l'Est | Native, CoC: 3, Secure FAC Perennial, Herb-forb, Vine, Shrub, Subshrub | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntzessp. negundo (Greene) Gillis1905. Toxicodendron negundo Greene1971. T. radicansssp. negundo1990. T. radicansvar. negundo | Midwestern poison ivy, Eastern poison ivy | Native, CoC: 3, Unranked FAC Perennial, Herb-forb, Vine, Shrub, Subshrub | | NYFA: U | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Toxicodendron rydbergii (Small ex Rydb.) Greene1900. Rhus rydbergii Small ex Rydb.1905. Toxicodendron rydbergii Greene1927. Rhus toxicodendronvar. rydbergiiGarrett1939. Rhus radicansvar. rydbergii1961. T. radicansvar. rydbergii1981. Rhus radicansssp. rydbergii1982. T. radicansssp. rydbergii | Western poison ivy, Rydberg's poison ivy, Northern poison oakHerbe à puce de Rydberg, Sumac de Rydberg | Native, CoC: 4, Vulnerable FAC Perennial, Herb-forb, Vine, Shrub, Subshrub | | NYFA: 3? | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Toxicodendron sect. Toxicodendron (excluded taxa) | Poison ivy | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Toxicodendron pubescens Mill.1768. T. pubescens Mill. | Atlantic poison oak ⓘ Eastern poison-oak ⓘ | N. America native  southeast U.S., N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ VASCAN lists western poison ivy as Toxicodendron radicans var. rydbergii as the currently accepted name, citing the Flora of North America Editorial Committee. ||||||

##### Toxicodendron sect. Venenata

Sapindales — Anacardiaceae — Anacardioideae — Rhoeae — Toxicodendron sect. Venenata :
| Genus Toxicodendron Mill. sect. Venenata | Poison sumac | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Toxicodendron vernix (L.) Kuntze | Poison sumac | Native, Likely secure, Perennial, Shrub-tree | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS Images Wikispecies |

#### Cotinus

* Cotinus coggygriaThe genus Cotinus contains about seven shrubs. often referred to as smoke trees, some species of which have been planted in New York but probably not naturalized.
Sapindales — Anacardiaceae — Anacardioideae — Rhoeae — Cotinus :
| Genus Cotinus | Smoke tree | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Cotinus coggygria Scop.1753. Rhus cotinus L.1771. Cotinus coggygria Scop.1891. Cotinus cotinus Sarg. | Smoketree, Smokebush, Venetian sumac, Wigtree | Introduced from  Eurasia, Not naturalized | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Cotinus obovatus Raf.1840. Cotinus obovatus Raf.1849. Cotinus americanus Nutt.1859. Rhus cotinoides Nutt. ex J.G.Cooper1892. Rhus americana Sudw.1894. Cotinus cotinoides Britton | American smoketree, Chittamwood | Introduced from  US South, N. America native, Cultivated in NY, Not naturalized Perennial, Tree, shrub | | NYFA: 0 | USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |

## Family Sapindaceae

The Sapindaceae (soapberry family) ...

### Subfamily Hippocastanoideae
#### Tribe Acereae
##### Acer

* The genus Acer is represented by about fifteen native or naturalized species in New York. These species are here separated into sections following de Jong (2002). These sections are further organized into three tables corresponding to the three clusters (aceroid, palmatoid, and platanoid) described by Grimm et. al. (2006).
* Most Acer species go by the common name maple, and all have opposite leaves. Maples are represented by the initial letter 'M' in the mnemonic "MADCap Horse," which can be used to remember which trees have opposite leaves. The other opposite-leave trees represented are Ash, Dogwood, Caprifoliaceae, and Horse chestnut. Of course there are exceptions.
* ↑ Sapindaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.
* ↑ P. C. de Jong, 2002. World maple diversity, pp.2–11, in: Wiegrefe, S. J., H. Angus, D. Otis, and P. Gregorey (eds.). Proceedings of the 2002 International Maple Symposium held at Westonbirt Arboretum and the Royal Agricultural College in Gloucestershire, England.
* ↑ Guido W. Grimm, Susanne S. Renner, Alexandros Stamatakis & Vera Hemleben, 2006. A Nuclear Ribosomal DNA Phylogeny of Acer Inferred with Maximum Likelihood, Splits Graphs, and Motif Analysis of 606 Sequences.

###### Aceroid sect. Acer

* Sugar maple (Acer saccharum) leaves, fruits, and flowers.
* Sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and black maple (Acer nigrum) are often treated as conspecific, with black maple identified as a subspecies of sugar maple. There are significant morphological differences, but little genetic difference between the two trees, which commonly hybridize. So it's thought that the morphological differences may be more the result of local conditions. The range of black maple does not extend much farther east than New York, while sugar maple is common in both New England and the Mid-west.
* The Eurasian sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus), also in the Acer section, is not common in New York, but it can become weedy and is now prohibited due to its demonstrated invasive potential.
* ↑ Gao, J., Liao, PC., Huang, BH. et al. Historical biogeography of Acer L. (Sapindaceae): genetic evidence for Out-of-Asia hypothesis with multiple dispersals to North America and Europe. Sci Rep 10, 21178 (2020).
* ↑ Adam P. Skepner & Dan E. Krane (1997). "RAPD reveals genetic similarity of Acer saccharum and Acer nigrum." Heredity (1998) 80, 422–428.
Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Acereae — Acer – Aceroid sect. Acer :
| Genus Acer sect. Acer ser. Saccharodendron | Maple | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Acer saccharum Marshall var. saccharum1785. Acer saccharum Marshall in Arbust. Amer.:4 1800. Acer palmifolium Borkh. in Theor.Prakt.Handb.Forstbot. 1:107 1803. Acer barbatum Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:252 1812. Acer saccharinum var. glaucum Schmidt in Anleit.Ahornart.:43,t.VIII 1900. Acer nigrum var. monumentale (F.L.Temple) Rehder in L.H.Bailey, Cycl.Amer.Hort. 1919. Acer palmifolium var. glaucum Sarg. in Bot Gaz. 67:233 1936. Saccharodendron saccharum (Marshall) Moldenke in Revista Sudamer.Bot.5:2 1954. Acer nigrum var. glaucum (Schmidt) Fosberg in Castanea 19:27 1975. Acer nigrum ssp. saccharophorum (K.Koch) R.T.Clausen in Sedum N.Amer.:106 1983. Acer saccharum var. viride (J.A.Schmidt) A.E.Murray in Kalmia 13:3 | Sugar maple, Hard maple, Rock mapleÉrable à sucre, Érable franc, Érable franche | Native, Secure FACU Perennial, Tree | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Acer nigrum F.Michx.1818. Acer nigrum F.Michx. in N.Amer.Sylv.Illustr. 2:238 1838. Acer saccharinum var. nigrum (F.Michx.) Torr. & A.Gray in Fl.N.Amer. 1:248 1886. Acer saccharum var. pseudoplatanoides Pax in Bot.Jahrb.Syst. 7:242 1889. Acer saccharum var. nigrum (F.Michx.) Britton in Trans.New York Acad.Sci. 9:10 1893. Acer palmifolium var. nigrum (F.Michx.) Schwer. in Gartenflora 42:456. 1933. Saccharodendron nigrum (F.Michx.) Small in Man.S.E.Fl.:824 1940. Acer saccharophorum var. nigrum (F.Michx.) J.Rousseau in Naturaliste Canad. 67:221 1952. Acer saccharum ssp. nigrum (F.Michx.) Desmarais in Brittonia 7:382 | Black maple, Black sugar mapleÉrable noir | Native, Secure FACU Perennial, Tree | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Acer nigrum × saccharum  Acer nigrum ×   Acer saccharum | Hybrid of  black maple &  sugar mapleHybride de  érable noir et de  érable à sucre | Native, Unranked | | | VASCAN Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Acer sect. Acer ser. Acer | Maple | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Acer pseudoplatanus L.1753. Acer pseudoplatanus L. in Sp. Pl.:1054 1764. Acer montanum Garsault in Fig. Pl. Méd.: t.113, opus utique rej. 1770. Acer pseudoplatanus var. variegatum Weston in Bot. Univ. 1:1 1782. Acer quinquelobum Gilib. in Fl. Lit. Inch. 2:198, opus utique oppr. 1790. Acer opulifolium Thuill. in Fl. Env. Paris 1:538, nom. illeg. 1796. Acer procerum Salisb. in Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton:280 1821. Acer majus Ray ex Gray in Nat.Arr.Brit. Pl.2:635 (publ. 1822) 1821. Acer majus var. glaucum Gray in Nat.Arr.Brit. Pl.2:636 (publ. 1822) 1822. Acer villosum C.Presl in J.S.Presl & C.B.Presl, Delic. Prag.:31 1828. Acer opizii Ortmann in Beitr. Naturgesch. 12:641 | Sycamore maple, False planetreeÉrable sycomore | Introduced from  Eurasia, Highly invasive,  NYIS: 71%,  iMapInvasives, Prohibited, CP-5 NE-4 | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Acer pseudoplatanus: High (71). ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species ↑ Appendix 5. Plant species of concern (Watch List) within the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018) ↑ Category 4 Plants - local concern and monitoring - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ||||||

###### Aceroid sect. Rubra

* Acer × freemaniiSilver maple (Acer saccharinum) and red maple (Acer rubrum) are closely related and hybridize as Freeman maple (Acer × freemanii)
Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Acereae — Acer – Aceroid sect. Rubra :
| Genus Acer sect. Rubra | Maple | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Acer saccharinum L.1753. Acer saccharinum L. in Sp. Pl.: 1055 1784. Acer dasycarpum Ehrh. in Beitr. Naturk. Verw. Wiss. 4:24 1793. Acer collinsonia Thunb. in Acer.:6 1803. Acer eriocarpum Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:253 1821. Acer virginianum Mill. ex Steud. in Nomencl. Bot. 1:5 1831. Acer coccineum Wender. in Schriften Ges.Beförd.Gesammten Naturwiss. 1881. Acer album hort. ex G. Nicholson in Gard. Chron. ser. 2, 15:137 1914. Saccharodendron saccharinum (L.) Nieuwl. in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3:183 1914. Sacchrosphendamnus saccharinus (L.) Nieuwl. in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3:183 1933. Argentacer saccharinum (L.) Small in Man. S.E. Fl.:825 1944. Argentacer saccharinum var. laciniatum (Carrière) Moldenke in Castanea 9: 53 | Silver maple Soft maple White maple River maple Water maple Érable argenté Érable blanc Plaine blanche | Native, Secure FACW Perennial, Tree | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Acer rubrum L. var. rubrum1753. Acer rubrum L. in Sp. Pl.:1055 1933. Rufacer rubrum (L.) Small in Man. S.E. Fl.:826 | Red maple Soft maple Swamp maple Eastern red maple Scarlet mapleÉrable rouge | Native, Secure FAC Perennial, Tree | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Acer rubrum L. var. trilobum Torr. & A.Gray ex K.Koch1788. Acer carolinianum Walter in Fl. Carol.:251 1853. Acer rubrum var. trilobum Torr. & A.Gray ex K.Koch in Hort. Dendrol.:80 1912. Acer rubrum ssp. carolinianum (Walter) W.Stone in Pl. S. New Jersey:544 1919. Acer rubrum var. tridens Alph.Wood in Ohio J. Sci. 19:235 1933. Rufacer carolinianum (Walter) Small in Man. S.E. Fl.:826 | Carolina red maple Three-lobed red maple Trident red mapleÉrable trilobé | Native, Vulnerable FACW-OBL Perennial, Tree | NYFA: 3-4 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Acer × freemanii A.E.Murray  Acer rubrum ×   Acer saccharinum1969. Acer × freemani A.E.Murray | Freeman maple, Freeman's maple, Soft maple | Native, Threatened | NYFA: 2 | USDA-NN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

###### Aceroid sect. Ginnala

Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Acereae — Acer – Aceroid sect. Ginnala :
| Genus Acer sect. Ginnala | Maple | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Acer ginnala Maxim.1856. Acer ginnala Maxim.1857. Acer tataricumvar. laciniatum1859. Acer tataricumvar. ginnala1890. Acer tataricumssp. ginnala | Amur maple, Ginnala mapleÉrable du fleuve Amour | Introduced from  east Asia, Moderately invasive,  NYIS: 66%,  iMapInvasives, CP-3 NE-4, WW | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Acer ginnala: Moderate 66 (MCLH). ↑ Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018) ↑ Category 4 Plants - local concern and monitoring - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ||||||

###### Aceroid sect. Pentaphylla

* Acer buergerianum var. formosanumSection Pentaphylla contains two East Asian maples that are commonly cultivated in New York, but are not known to naturalize in the state.
Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Acereae — Acer – Aceroid sect. Pentaphylla :
| Genus Acer sect. Pentaphylla | Maple | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Acer buergerianum Miq.1865. Acer buergerianum Miq. auct. Acer trifidum non Thunb. (1784) | Trident maple | Introduced from  China,  Taiwan, Cultivated, Not naturalized | | NYFA: U | USDA-00 ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Acer griseum (Franch.) Pax1894. Acer nikoensevar. griseum1902. Acer griseum (Franch.) Pax | Paperbark maple, Chinese paperbark maple | Introduced from  China, Cultivated, Not naturalized | | NYFA: U | USDA-00 ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

###### Palmatoid sect. Negundo

* Acer negundoBox-elder (Acer negundo) is a common, often weedy tree that may be native to only the south-central portion of New York State, in the vicinity of Binghamton and Ithaca. Elsewhere in the state it is considered to be introduced. Box-elder is considered to be introduced and invasive in parts of Canada.
* Boxelder is the only locally native or naturalized Acer species with compound leaves, which often superficially resemble poison ivy (Toxicodendron spp.)
Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Acereae — Acer – Palmatoid sect. Negundo :
| Genus Acer sect. Negundo | Boxelder maple | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Acer negundo L. var. negundo1753. Acer negundo L.1794. Negundo aceroides (L.) Moench1882. Negundo negundo (L.) Karst. | Box-elder, Manitoba maple, Ash-leaved mapleÉrable à Giguère, Érable négondo, Érable argilière | Native, CoC: 1, Secure, Note FACW-FAC Perennial, Tree | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Acer (excluded taxa) | Boxelder maple | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Acer negundo L. var. violaceum (G.Kirchn.) H.Jaeger1864. N. aceroidesvar. violaceum1884. Acer negundovar. violaceum1908. Acer violaceum Simonk.1982. Negundo aceroidesssp. violaceus W.A.Weber | Box elder | Native, CoC: 1, Unranked, Note: FACW-FAC Perennial, Tree | | NYFA: ? | USDA-N0 Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ Acer negundo is thought to be native to only parts of the state, mainly in the south-central part. It is considered to be introduced elsewhere and may be weedy. ↑ VASCAN, citing FNA Ed. Comm., in prep. f., considers Acer negundo var. violaceum to be a synonym of Acer negundo. ||||||

###### Palmatoid sect. Spicata

Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Acereae — Acer – Palmatoid sect. Spicata :
| Genus Acer sect. Spicata | Maple | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Acer spicatum Lam.1771. Acer pensylvanicum Du Roinon L.1784. Acer parviflorum Ehrh.non Franch. & Sav.1786. Acer spicatum Lam.1811. Acer montanum W.T.Aitonnon Lam. | Mountain maple, Moose maple, White mapleÉrable à épis, Érable bâtard, Plaine bâtarde, Plaine bleue | Native, Likely secure | | NYFA: 4-5 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

###### Palmatoid sect. Palmata

* Japanese maple, a popular ornamental tree has been found to naturalize in forest understories in the southeastern part of the state, and is considered invasive there.
Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Acereae — Acer – Palmatoid sect. Palmata :
| Genus Acer sect. Palmata | Maple | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Acer palmatum Thunb.1784. Acer palmatum Thunb.1867. Acer sanguineum Carrière | Japanese maple | Introduced from  temperate Asia, Moderately invasive,  NYIS: 50%,  iMapInvasives, NE-4 VT | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Acer palmatum: Moderate (50%). ↑ Category 4 Plants - local concern and monitoring - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ||||||

###### Platanoid sect. Macrantha

* Acer pensylvanicum striped mapleAs the name suggests, the main stems of striped maple (Acer pensylvanicum, the only New York native in sect. Macrantha) have vertical white stripes on green-to-brown bark.
Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Acereae — Acer – Platanoid sect. Macrantha :
| Genus Acer sect. Macrantha | Snakebark maple | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Acer pensylvanicum L.1753. Acer pensylvanicum L.1755. Acer canadense Duhamel1771. Acer striatum Du Roi | Striped maple, Green-striped maple, Moosewood, Whistlewood, Goosefoot maple, Pennsylvania mapleÈrable de Pennsylvanie | Native, CoC: 7, Secure FACU Perennial, Shrub-tree, Part shade - shade | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

###### Platanoid sect. Platanoidea

* Acer platanoides Norway MapleNorway maple (Acer platanoides) is a widely-used street tree but has escaped cultivation near northeastern cities and has become a major threat to nearby forests and other habitats, where it can become the dominant tree and displace native vegetation.
Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Acereae — Acer – Platanoid sect. Platanoidea :
| Genus Acer sect. Platanoidea | Maple | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Acer platanoides L. | Norway maple | Introduced, Very highly invasive,  NYIS: 82%,  iMapInvasives, Regulated, CP-2 NE-1 | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Images Wikispecies |
| Acer campestre | Hedge maple, Field maple | Introduced, Moderately invasive, CP-3 | NYFA: X | USDA-X Images Wikispecies |
| Acer truncatum Bunge1833. Acer truncatum Bunge    Acer platanoidesvar. truncatum | Painted maple, Shantung maple, Purple-blow maple | Introduced from  temperate Asia | NYFA: U | ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Acer platanoides: Very high (82). ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species ↑ Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018) ↑ Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ↑ Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018) ||||||

#### Tribe Hippocastaneae
##### Aesculus

The genus Aesculus is sometimes included in its own Hippocastanaceae (horse chestnut or buckeye family).

###### Aesculus sect. Aesculus

* Aesculus hippocastanum horse chestnutHorse chestnuts (Aesculus hippocastanum) were introduced from Europe, and are not closely related to Castanea (chestnuts), which are in the Fagaceae with Quercus (oak) and Fagus (beech). The horse chestnut is on the Mid-Atlantic Exotic Pest Plant Council Plant List.
* Horse chestnuts are commonly planted in New York State. The New York Flora Atlas questions whether they truly naturalize or just repeatedly escape cultivation.
* ↑ Mid-Atlantic Exotic Pest Plant Council Plant List. invasive.org 2018.
Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Hippocastaneae — Aesculus sect. Aesculus :
| Genus Aesculus sect. Aesculus | Horse chestnut | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Aesculus hippocastanum | Horse chestnut | Introduced from  S.E. Europe, Potentially invasive, CP-5, WW | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ Appendix 5. Plant species of concern (Watch List) within the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018) ||||||

###### Aesculus sect. Pavia

* Aesculus glabra Ohio buckeyeSpecies in Aesculus sect. Pavia found in New York were introduced from elsewhere in North America and are generally known as buckeyes.
Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Hippocastaneae — Aesculus sect. Pavia :
| Genus Aesculus sect. Pavia | Buckeye | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Aesculus glabra Willd. var. glabra | Ohio buckeye | Introduced from  US Midwest, N. America native, Unknown naturalization | NYFA: X NYFA: 11 counties ? counties | USDA-NN Go Botany NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Aesculus flava Sol.1778. Aesculus flava Sol.1785. Aesculus octandra Marshall | Yellow buckeye, Sweet buckeye, Big buckeyeMarronnier jaune | Introduced from  US South, N. America native, Naturalized Perennial, Shrub-tree | Madison (2020) NYFA: nn | USDA-N0 Go Botany-0 ARS-GRIN NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Aesculus parviflora Walter1788. Aesculus parviflora Walter | Bottlebrush buckeyePavier blanc | N. America native  US South, Not naturalized, Cultivated Perennial, Shrub-tree | NYFA: Xm NYFA: Rensselaer (2000) iNat 8 counties | USDA-N0 Go Botany-0 ARS-GRIN NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Aesculus pavia L.1753. Aesculus pavia L. | Red buckeyePavier rouge | N. America native  US South, No specimens, Cultivated | NYFA: 0 NYFA: not listed 5 counties | USDA-NX ARS-GRIN NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |

###### Aesculus sect. Aesculus × Pavia

* Aesculus × carneaThe commonly-planted hybrid of the European horse-chestnut and North American red buckeye (Aesculus × carnea) is known as red horse-chestnut.
Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Hippocastaneae — Aesculus sect. Aesculus × Pavia :
| Genus Aesculus sect. Aesculus × Pavia | Cross-sect. hybrid | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Aesculus × carnea J.Zeyh.  Aesculus hippocastanum ×   Aesculus pavia1818. Aesculus × carnea J.Zeyh. 1822. Aesculus × carnea Hayne 1822. Aesculus × rubicunda Loisel. 1892. Aesculus floribunda Hort. ex Dippel 1892. Aesculus × floribunda Dippel | Red horse-chestnut ⓘ Red horsechestnut Hybrid of  horse chestnut &  red buckeye | Introduced, No specimens, Cultivated Perennial, Tree | | NYFA: not listed iNat GBIF 11 counties | COL WFO POWO Images Wikispecies |

### Subfamily Sapindoideae

Sapindoideae

#### Tribe Koelreuterieae
##### Koelreuteria

* Koelreuteria paniculataThe Asian genus Koelreuteria contains only three accepted species worldwide. Although all of them have been found to have naturalized to some extent in North America, only Koelreuteria paniculata (golden raintree) is believed to have naturalized as far north as New York.
Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Sapindoideae — Koelreuterieae — Koelreuteria :
| Genus Koelreuteria | Koelreuteria | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm. | Golden raintree ⓘ Golden rain-tree Goldenrain tree ⓘ Pride-of-India ⓘ China tree ⓘ | Introduced from  eastern Asia, Highly invasive, Naturalized | | NYFA: 7 counties NYFA: X | USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |

#### Tribe Paullinieae
##### Cardiospermum

* Cardiospermum halicacabum balloon vine, heartseedCardiospermum is a small genus of primarily tropical and subtropical herbaceous vines. C. halicacabum (balloon vine) is thought to be a neotropical native but has been cultivated as an ornamental as far north as New York State. Presumed garden escapes were collected in Queens and Warren counties around 1900, but the species is not thought to have naturalized in the state. Balloon vine is considered to be a noxious weed in more southern states, as far north as Missouri and Delaware, so it may be of concern in New York at some point.
Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Sapindoideae — Paullinieae — Cardiospermum :
| Genus Cardiospermum | Balloonvine | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Cardiospermum halicacabum L.1753. Cardiospermum halicacabum L. | Balloon vine, Heartseed, Heart-pea, Love in a puff | Introduced, Potentially invasive, Not naturalized, Noxious US South | | NYFA: X NYFA: 2 counties New York (2021) | USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies |

## Family Simaroubaceae

The Simaroubaceae (quassia family) is represented by a single species persisting outside of cultivation in New York.

### Ailanthus

* Ailanthus altissima tree-of-heavenAilanthus contains probably no more that ten species, which are native to various parts of Asia and Australasia.
* Tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima) is a successful urban tree that was introduced to North America from China as early as 1751. It is now considered to be highly invasive in New York State and elsewhere outside its native range.
Sapindales — Simaroubaceae — Ailantheae — Ailanthus :
| Genus Ailanthus Desf. | Ailanthus | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (1916)Ailanthus glandulosa Desf. | Tree-of-heaven, Chinese sumac, Varnish-tree, Copa-treeVernis de la Chine | Introduced from  temperate China, Highly invasive,  NYIS: 68%,  iMapInvasives, CP-2 NE-1 | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Ailanthus altissima: Moderate (68). ↑ Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018) ↑ Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ||||||

## Family Rutaceae

The Rutaceae (rue or citrus family) ...

### Subfamily Rutoideae
#### Ruta

* Ruta graveolensRue (Ruta graveolens) is cultivated as a ornamental, culinary, and medicinal herb. There seems to be no real evidence that it has naturalized in New York State.
Sapindales — Rutaceae — Rutoideae — Ruta :
| Genus Ruta | Rue | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Ruta graveolens L.1753. Ruta graveolens L.1770. Ruta hortensis Mill. | Rue, Common rue, Garden rue, Herb-of-graceRue des jardins, Rue officinale, Rue fétide | Introduced from  Europe, Not naturalized | | NYFA: X NYFA: 3 counties 6 counties | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

### Subfamily Toddalioideae

* The foliage of the two New York native members of this subfamily, prickly-ash (Zanthoxylum americanum) and wafer-ash (Ptelea trifoliata), are important food for giant swallowtail (Papilio cresphontes) caterpillars.

#### Zanthoxylum

* Zanthoxylum americanum prickly ash
Sapindales — Rutaceae — Toddalioideae — Zanthoxylum :
| Genus Zanthoxylum | Pricklyash | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Zanthoxylum americanum Mill.1768. Zanthoxylum americanum Mill.1806. Zanthoxylum fraxinifolium Willd.1830. Thylax fraxineum Raf. | Northern prickly-ash, Common prickly-ash, ToothachetreeClavalier d'Amérique, Frêne épineux | Native, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

#### Ptelea

* Ptelea trifoliata wafer ashIn New York State, the hoptree or wafer-ash is considered to be native near the shores of Lake Erie and western Lake Ontario. Elsewhere in the state, naturalized populations are probably escapes from cultivation.
Sapindales — Rutaceae — Toddalioideae — Ptelea :
| Genus Ptelea | Hoptree | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Ptelea trifoliata L.ssp. trifoliata1753. Ptelea trifoliata L. 1838. Ptelea baldwinii Torr. & A.Gray 2001. Ptelea trifoliata  var. baldwinii  D.B.Ward | Common hoptree, Wafer-ash, Stinking ash, Three-leaved hop treePtéléa trifolié, Orme de Samarie | Native, CoC: 8, Endangered FAC-FACU Perennial, Tree, Sun-shade | | NYFA: 1-2 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

#### Phellodendron

* Phellodendron amurenseThe genus Phellodendron (cork trees) contains the two northeast Asian species Phellodendron amurense (Amur cork tree) and Phellodendron chinense. Amur cork tree is listed as invasive in much of the northeast, including New York.
Sapindales — Rutaceae — Toddalioideae — Phellodendron :
| Genus Phellodendron | Corktree | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Phellodendron amurense Rupr.1857. Phellodendron amurense Rupr.1871. Phellodendron japonicum Maxim.1905. Phellodendron sachalinense Sarg.1909. Phellodendron lavallei Dode | Amur corktree, Chinese corktreePhellodendron de l'Amour, Arbre liège de Chine, Phellodendron de Sibérie | Introduced from  temperate Asia, Highly invasive,  NYIS: 75%, Prohibited, NYS Tier 4 | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Phellodendron amurense: High (75). ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species ↑ New York State Invasive Species Tiers: Amur corktree. NYS Tier 4. ||||||

#### Dictamnus

The gasplant gets its name from the volatile citrus-scented oil produced by its leaves.
Sapindales — Rutaceae — Toddalioideae — Dictamnus :
| Genus Dictamnus | Dictamnus | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Dictamnus albus L.1753. Dictamnus albus L.1805. Dictamnus fraxinellus Pers.1840. Dictamnus fraxinellusvar. caucasicusFisch. & C.A.Mey.1932. Dictamnus caucasicus Grossh. | Gasplant, Dittany, Burningbush | Introduced from  Eurasia, Not naturalized Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: X | USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |

## Family Meliaceae

The Meliaceae (mahogany family)...

### Subfamily Melioideae
#### Tribe Melieae
##### Melia

* Melia azedarachThe 1995 USFS - New York City Tree Census reported 13 occurrences of Melia azedarach in Kings County and 2 in Queens County. Most of these seem to have been planted as street trees along Fort Hamilton Parkway in Brooklyn. The 2015 Street Tree Census showed no Chinaberry trees in New York City.
* ↑ USFS - New York City Tree Census - 1995
* ↑ Citywide street tree data from the 1995 Street Tree Census, conducted by volunteers organized by NYC Parks & Recreation.
* ↑ 2015 Street Tree Census - Street tree data from the TreesCount! 2015 Street Tree Census, conducted by volunteers and staff organized by NYC Parks & Recreation and partner organizations.
Sapindales — Meliacea — Melioideae — Melieae :
| Genus Melia | Melia | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Melia azedarach | Chinaberry tree Bead Tree China Ball Tree Paradise Tree Persian Lilac White Cedar Japanese Bead Tree Texas Umbrella Tree Pride-of-India | Introduced, Potentially invasive,  iMapInvasives,  Invasive.org: , No NY specimens, FEIS | | NYFA-Excluded NYFA: Excluded iNat GBIF Queens (2019) | USDA-X BONAP Images Wikispecies |