OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Places/Hufflepuff House
## General Overview

Hufflepuff House is one of the four Houses in Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. Students are Sorted into Houses by the Sorting Hat upon their initial arrival at Hogwarts based on their character. While students remain at Hogwarts, they each represent their House; a tally of House points is kept, with good behaviour and good marks adding to that total, misbehaviour and bad marks subtracting from it. The House Cup is awarded each year to the House with the greatest tally of House points.

## Extended Description

Housemistress: Professor Professor Pomona Sprout
Founder: Helga Hufflepuff
Coat of Arms: black badger, yellow
Ghost: The Fat Friar
Characteristics: "Where they are just and loyal, Those patient Hufflepuffs are true And unafraid of toil."
Location of common room: unknown, but down the main hall downstairs, cellar-like in appearance and thought to be near the kitchens.
We never visit the Hufflepuff common room in the 7-book series, so all discussion of its physical layout and appearance must be speculation.

## Analysis

It is uncertain how many students are actually in each House. We only ever hear of, at most, five boys and five girls in each year, but the author has stated in an interview that the average class size (all residents of one House for one year) is about thirty. Thus we must assume a population of 210 per house, fifteen boys and fifteen girls each year.
One gets the impression from things said in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire that House honours, notably the House cup and the Quidditch cup, are generally held by either Gryffindor house or Slytherin house, with Ravenclaw house occasionally winning an upset victory. Hufflepuff seldom if ever receives any glory, and that House's members are overjoyed when one of their own, Cedric Diggory, is chosen as one of the Champions in the Triwizard Tournament.
According to the author, the Hufflepuff common room is accessed behind a still-life painting near the kitchens, as Helga Hufflepuff, the founder of the house, was extremely gifted in food-related spells. Rowling describes the room as "a very cozy and welcoming place, as dissimilar as possible from Snape’s dungeon. Lots of yellow hangings, fat armchairs, and little underground tunnels leading to the dormitories, all of which have perfectly round doors, like barrel tops." This would likely simulate the interior of a badger's home, or "sett", badgers being burrowing creatures.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Pulsars and neutron stars/Useful parameters and constants

* Speed of light: 299 792 458m/s
* 1 parsec = 3.0857 x 10$^{16}$m = 3.26156 ly
* 1 G = 10$^{-4}$ T

## The solar system

* 1 astronomical unit AU: 1.4960 x 10$^{11}$m
| Planet | Orbital period (yr) | Semi-major axis (AU) |
| Mercury | 0.24 | 0.39 |
| Venus | 0.62 | 0.72 |
| Earth | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Mars | 1.88 | 1.52 |
| Jupiter | 11.86 | 5.20 |
| Saturn | 29.46 | 9.54 |
| Uranus | 84.01 | 19.22 |
| Neptune | 164.8 | 30.06 |

## Time and dates
### Modified Julian Date

| Date | MJD |
| 17th Nov 1858 | 0 |
| 1 Jan 1968 | 39856 |
| 1 Jan 1980 | 44239 |
| 1 Jan 1990 | 47892 |
| 1 Jan 1995 | 49718 |
| 1 Jan 2000 | 51544 |
| 1 Jan 2005 | 53371 |
| 1 Jan 2010 | 55197 |
| 1 Jan 2015 | 57023 |
| 1 Jan 2016 | 57388 |
# Punjabi/About Contributors
## Main contributor

Jaspal Singh, initiated this Wikibook for the benefit of those non-natives who want to learn this fascinating language. He seeks your help and contribution to complete and improve the book, so it can better serve the cause of Punjabi. You can put a comment on his talk page. You can also reach his at jaspalkaler@gmail.com. This Wikibook is based on the knowledge gained from various sources including, but not limited to, the teachers who taught Jaspal Singh at different times. References were also made to many works on the subject. He remains indebted to his teachers and such authors (Dr. Harkirat Singh of Punjabi University deserves a special mention here) whose works were referred to at different stages of development of this Wikibook. No originality is claimed.

## Contributions acknowledged

Generous help came from wikibookians Judith - Junesun (talk) and YoshiroShin (talk). Based on the suggestions made by Judith - Junesun (talk) I have completely reworked the Gurmukhi script module of this wikibook, introducing letters one by one and using examples that are familiar to English knowing readers. YoshiroShin (talk) recommended that we should have Shahmukhi script as separate module of this book so that it is easier to search for Punjabi by just typing Punjabi in the search box. He himself wrote some Shahmukhi lessons. Help received from Judith - Junesun (talk) and YoshiroShin (talk) as well as readers is greatly valued and gratefully acknowledged.
← About Using Punjabi Wikibook
# Punjabi/About Using Punjabi Wikibook

To make this best use of this book to learn Punjabi language use it the following way.

### Script

The Gurmukhi module contains the required lessons to learn the Gurmukhi script. This is the most important and basic module and before proceeding further to other modules it is required to master it thoroughly. A number of examples have been provided by writing English words in Gurmukhi. There are exercises to help you quickly learn the script. There are eleven pages in this modules which will require two weeks to learn.

### Muharni

This is another important module in your progress into Punjabi learning. Punjabi words have been arranged in traditional Punjabi speaking exercise to make you comfortable with Punjabi phonology. Practice thoroughly by speaking the words of Muharni by using sound files. There are eight pages in this module and will require one and half to two weeks to master.
← About Punjabi Wikibook · Contributors →
# Pulsars and neutron stars/ptaSimulate manual
## Introduction

The ptaSimulate software has been developed to simulate data files from radio pulsar observations. The majority of the code is based on simulating realistic pulse arrival times, but the code can also produce simulated pulse profiles. The code produces tempo2 parameter (.par) and arrival time (.tim) files. These files can then be run through other pipelines (such as gravitational wave detection pipelines) as if they were actual observations.

## Getting the software

The code is relatively straightforward to compile as it is completely written in C and only uses the fftw external library. Compilation will be similar to:

## Basic usage

The software makes use of an input text file that must be created by the user. This input file can have any filename and provides a description of the pulsars and the observing system to be simulated. The software is then run as
The software automatically produces a set of directories in the local directory. It then partially fills those directories with output files and also produces a set of tcsh scripts that need to be run to complete the simulations. Typical usage would be:
The output is placed in <name>/output/<real_X>/ where X is the realisation number of the simulation. That directory contains the .par and .tim files for each simulated pulsar. For general usage of ptaSimulate, the following programs are required:
* psrcat (with up-to-date database file)
* tempo2 with the $TEMPO2 environment variable correctly set
In order to make profile templates to simulate realistic error bar sizes then the "ptime" software is also required.

## Simple single pulsar simulation

The following script demonstrates how to make a very simple simulation. A single pulsar (J0437-4715) is simulated. The data sampling is regular (20 day cadence) and all ToAs have the same frequency (1400 MHz) and uncertainty (1us).

## Multiple pulsar simulation

The following script demonstrates how easy it is to simulate multiple pulsars.
# Punjabi/Conversation

You have already learnt the Gurmukhi script for writing Punjabi, the Muharni for Punjabi phonology and some Punjabi vocabulary. This module however is the most important one as you will learn using Punjabi for basic communication with people.
Gurmukhi module is a prerequisite for this module. If you have not mastered the Gurmukhi script and Muharni you are strongly advised to go back to the Gurmukhi script and Muharni modules and practice there thoroughly before returning. In this module you will be expected to have basic skill of reading and writing the Punjabi words.
The reader may note the basic Punjabi syntax which is s-o-v. Barring that the wiki book does not lay any special emphasis on learning of grammar before you can start using Punjabi for basic communication.
This module contains ten pages each devoted to communication in a given situation. Besides this, the first two pages namely 'meeting people' and 'making phone calls' give general exposition on conversation. This module should give you a fair amount of practice. After you are done with this you only require more and more practice to master this fascinating language. You can try your hand at small paragraphs or poems before moving on to full scale essays, novels etc. Links in the References and Further Readings sections will be found useful.
# Puredyne/Date and Timezone
## Timezone

To configure Puredyne to use the correct timezone, open a terminal, type the following and follow the instructions on screen:
Alternatively, you can also use dpkg, the Debian package utility to change this setting system-wide with the folling command:

## Date and Time

FIXME

## Synchronizing with a Time Server

FIXME
# Puredyne/Install Flash-plugin
## install the flashplugin

this allows viewing embedded flash (youtube, bbc-online etc.) in your browser.
# Setting Correct DPI

In rare cases, the display of fonts by the system is incorrect. They are displayed either too big or too small. To fix this, you need to find out what the current Dots Per Inch (DPI) settings are, and what they should be.
Adjusting the DPI can be done if you have installed pure:dyne on your machine. You could also do it when using the Live CD, but the new settings will be lost after a reboot.

## What is DPI?

Dots per inch (DPI) is a measure of spatial resolution, the number of individual dots or pixels within the span of one linear inch (2.54 cm). It refers to the physical size of an image when it is reproduced as a real physical entity, for example printed onto paper, or displayed on a monitor.
A correct DPI setting is important. It determines how fonts are rendered on your screen. Linux applications use the DPI reported by the X server when converting from font point size to pixels. "Sans 10" will be a smaller number of pixels if your X server is configured at 75 DPI than if it is at 100 DPI. So if your DPI setting is too low, all fonts are displayed too small and vice versa.

## Find out DPI settings

To see what DPI the X server is currently set to, open a terminal and type xdpyinfo | grep resolution:
The best way to find out what the DPI setting should be, is to grab a tape measure or ruler and measure the size of your screen (in inches). To determine the proper DPI, divide the horizontal screen resolution by the horizontal dimension in inches and the same for the vertical resolution and dimension.
To convert millimeters to inches, calculate using 1 millimeter = 0.03937 inch
For instance, a 17 inch screen with a resolution of 1280x1024 should have a DPI of:
1280 / 13.3 = 96 DPI
1024 / 10.6 = 96 DPI
DPI = 96 x 96
If this is the same as the result xdpyinfo gave you, your system is correctly configured. If the results are different, you need to find out what dimensions the system "thinks" your screen has.
To find out if the X server has the same ideas about the size of your screen use xdpyinfo again, this time with the argument dimension. Note that this time the size is in millimeters, just to make it more confusing ;):
To convert inches to millimeters, calculate using 1 inch = 25.4 millimeters
If the real size of the screen differs from the results xpdyinfo gives you, you need to tell the X server what size the screen really is.

## Changing display size in xorg.conf

As root, edit /etc/X11/xorg.conf and add the display size in millimeters, to Section "Monitor" (replacing the values with your own):
# Get Involved

If you'd like to contribute to the pure:dyne project, please contact us via the pure:dyne Mailing List. We are always looking for skilled people who can help out with development, packaging software and writing documentation.
# Puredyne/Creating a live USB stick/Simpler instructions for creating a live USB stick if you already have one

How to create a bootable Puredyne USB Pen
You Will Need:
* A computer that boots from USB.
* A Puredyne bootable USB stick- there are other methods of doing this, but I use one Puredyne stick to make more.
* A Linux-friendly internet connection (not a dongle).
* A Puredyne iso file, downloadable from http://puredyne.org.
* An empty 4 gig (or greater) memory-stick to make puredyne bootable.
Method
# Frequently Asked Questions

What is the default login and password? The default login and password are lintian and live. There is no root password.
I booted the live CD, but where are my files??? When booting the Live CD, your files are not displayed automatically. You have to mount the part of your hard disc that contains your files. See this page for instructions.
The sound is not working. Why? Alsamixer is probably muted. type alsamixer in a terminal and press "m" on the channels you want to unmute (probably Main and PCM). Use your left and right arrow keys to switch between channels. Use your up and down arrow keys to alter the volume. Press ESC to exit alsamixer.
Are you going to support <insert favourite piece of hardware here>? If this hardware is supported on GNU/Linux and if you're nice we'll have a look and try to make it work. Give us a beep on the pure:dyne Mailing List.
Are you going to distribute <insert favourite software>? Short answer: If it makes sense yes. Long answer: Puredyne aims to provide a stable and optimzed platform for artists working in the fields of real-time audio and video processing. Even though some usual "office tools" are provided (browser, mailer, spreadsheet, text editor ...) it is not our goal to provide *all* of them. It is possible though for a user to install these manually and even share them with other Puredyne and Ubuntu system users.
How should I report a bug? Check out how to report bugs, defects or suggest enhancements here. If you are having problems with this, you can always send us a message on the pure:dyne Mailing List.
I dont like this user:pass, can I change it? You can create as many new users as you want. Open a terminal and type: sudo useradd -m -G users,floppy,disk,lp,dialout,audio,video,usb,wheel -d /home/<USERNAME> <USERNAME>. You can then change the pass with passwd <USERNAME> Log out and try your new user!
Does pure:dyne use a realtime kernel? If you're using the live install (liveHD, liveUSB or liveCD/DVD), then yes you are using a RT kernel and the system is already configured to take advantage of that.
I see clocksource tsc unstable while booting, can I fix it? Yes, it should be harmless but you can fix that by booting with clocksource=hpet.
# Puredyne/Full Install

To install Puredyne to the hard disk, all one has to do is run 'install Puredyne' from the menu in the bottom left of the screen and follow the instructions given.
# Puredyne/Getting Puredyne

You can either download Puredyne and burn it on a CD or DVD, purchase the Puredyne USB or download Puredyne and create your own bootable USB stick.
See http://puredyne.org/download.html for more details.

## Create your own bootable USB

Of course you can also create your own bootable USB stick. It takes a bit more effort, but it's well worth it! Using the provided make-live-device.sh script you can easily create a liveUSB or liveHD directly from an existing ISO, or better, directly from Puredyne itself!
# OpenSCAD User Manual/String Functions
### str

Convert all arguments to strings and concatenate.
Usage examples:
Results:
This can be used for simple conversion of numbers to strings

### chr

[Note: Requires version 2015.03]
Convert numbers to a string containing character with the corresponding code. OpenSCAD uses Unicode, so the number is interpreted as Unicode code point. Numbers outside the valid code point range produce an empty string.
Parameters

#### chr(Number)

    Convert one code point to a string of length 1 (number of bytes depending on UTF-8 encoding) if the code point is valid.

#### chr(Vector)

    Convert all code points given in the argument vector to a string.

#### chr(Range)

    Convert all code points produced by the range argument to a string.
Examples
Note: When used with echo the output to the console for character codes greater than 127 is platform dependent.

### ord

[Note: Requires version 2019.05]
Convert a character to a number representing the Unicode code point. If the parameter is not a string, the ord returns undef.
Parameters

#### ord(String)

    Convert the first character of the given string to a Unicode code point.
Examples

### len

returns the number of characters in a text.

### Also See search

search for text searching.

### is_string(value)

The function is_string(value) return true if the value is a string, false else

### User defined functions

To complement native functions, you can define your own functions, some suggestions:
Note here the use of chr to recompose a string from unknown number of caracters defined by their ascii code. This avoid using recursive modules as was required before list management came in.
# OpenSCAD User Manual/Submitting patches

Patches can be submitted viahttps://github.com/AriesTriputranto Docs.github.com/AriesTriputranto]
The openscad project page is at https://github.com/openscad/openscad

## Brief overview

OpenSCAD has no formal guidelines about tabs, spaces, etc. Try to match what exists already in the file you are working on.
QT should be avoided in everything except GUI code. Use C++11 or boost instead. The goal is to stay modular.
Modularity also extends to OpenCSG and CGAL. Note the #ifdefs that attempt to separate CGAL/OpenCSG dependent code from 'independent' code.
There are two build systems, Qmake for the GUI and Cmake for the test suites. Please test your patch under both. Read doc/testing.txt and README.md.
When including a new external library, please try to test it on many different systems. The GNU Compile Farm can help, as can emulator systems like Qemu or VMWare. Review the 'build-dependencies' scripts for Mac OSX and Linux/Unix (under /scripts). Try to do a cross-build to Windows if possible (see README.md)

## Steps to follow to submit a patch

* Search the OpenSCAD mailing list on the topic to see if it has been previously discussed (ie. if want to add a patch for color, do a web search for 'openscad mailing list color'). Take those discussions into account when creating a patch.
* If you are not familiar with git, read a git tutorial thoroughly (like the one at )
* Sign up for a github account and read the introductory documentation thoroughly, for example http://help.github.com/fork-a-repo/
* Make your own fork of openscad on github
* Clone your new fork onto your local machine
* Hack away at openscad. Test your hack.
* Frequently merge the official openscad source back into your local copy, to avoid conflicts
** http://help.github.com/fork-a-repo/ has instructions.
* Commit your changes to your local repository and push them back to your forked openscad on github
* Run all the regression tests by reading "doc/testing.txt". Make sure your patch won't break anything. Ask the mailing list if confused.
* If your patch adds a new feature, create a new regression test for it, and commit the test, and test result .png files, to your branch. See doc/testing.txt.
* Update any documentation, including the RELEASE NOTES, README.md, and openscad manpage to reflect your changes, if needed. Also be prepared to update the Wiki manual.
* When you are ready, click on the 'Pull Request' button on your fork at github. Carefully review the differences between your code and OpenSCAD Master branch.
* When you are ready, submit the pull request.

## Alternative

Small patches can also be created using 'git diff' and posting to the mailing list at mailing list but github is vastly preferable.
# Pinyin/Venue

See alsov
# Pinyin/Venus

Venus is the planet in the solar system that is second in order of distance from the Sun, between Mercury and the Earth.
Jinxing shih Taihyarngxih dih-2 kaohjihn Taihyarng d xirngxing, zaih Shuiixing her Dihqiur zhijian.
# Pinyin/Various

See also
# Pinyin/Value

See also
A value is how much something is worth in money for which it can be exchanged.
jiahzhir shih moouwuh zhir duoshaao qiarn, kee yohngzuoh jiaoyih.
# Pinyin/Vehicle

Noun
# Puzzles/Lateral puzzles/8

Puzzles | Lateral puzzles | Lateral puzzle 8
A man and his young son are driving to the city. On their way over the traintracks, the car stalls. Before the son and man can get out, they are hit by the train. The man is instantly killed (the examiner pronounced him dead upon impact), while the son, while horribly injured, remains alive.
The son is rushed to the hospital, where the doctors decide he needs surgery right away if he is to live. He is rushed to the OR, where he waits for the surgeon. The old surgeon hobbles in, takes one look at the boy, and says, "I cannot operate on this boy. He is my son."
How is this possible?
Solution
# Puzzles/Logic puzzles

Puzzles | Logic puzzles
* 3 Hats in a Circle
* 5 Houses
* 10 Hats
* False Execution
* Getting out of Prison
* Gold Coins
* Hats
* Infinite Hats
* Island on Fire
* Knights, Knaves & Spies
* Knights, Knaves & Spies II
* Lying about your Age
* Pair of Socks
* Pizzas
* Scales and Weights
* Three Knights
* Two Boys and a River
* Two Cities
* Two Cities - Same Response

### Puzzles involving algorithms

* Niki the Robot
* Parachuted Robots
# Puzzles/Lateral puzzles/9

Every morning, a young man wakes up to go to work. He gets ready and then leaves his apartment, which is on the thirteenth floor of an apartment building. He walks out of the elevator and goes to work.
Later that evening, he returns to his apartment building and goes into the elevator. He hates to walk or exercise, however he presses the tenth floor button and walks up the other three stories.
Why?
Solution
# Puzzles/Lateral puzzles/6

Puzzles | Lateral puzzles | Lateral puzzle 6
In the middle of a forest is a cabin. Inside, several people are dead.
What happened?
Solution
# Puzzles/Lateral puzzles/6/Solution

Puzzles | Lateral puzzles | Lateral puzzle 6 | Solution
A plane crashed.
A cult saw a passing comet and decided that it was time to end it.
# Puzzles/Lateral puzzles/7

Puzzles | Lateral puzzles | 7
A man was dead and completely naked in a padded cell. Apart from the body, there was absolutely nothing in the cell.
Explain...
Solution
# Puzzles/Lateral puzzles/7/Solution

Puzzles | Lateral puzzles | Lateral puzzle 7 | Solution
Possible explanations:
* The cell contained nothing, not even oxygen, so the man had asphyxiated.
* The cell is a coffin, the man was dead before he was put into it and buried (and he was naked because he was a naturist).
* The man was in a mental institution where he took a fatal allergic reaction to medication he was prescribed - or he did not swallow his medicines at the prescribed time but saved it in order to overdose.
* The man was in a mental institution and the temperature drops. Since he was naked he died of hypothermia (this actually happened in a real hospital once)
# Puzzles/Lateral puzzles/8/Solution

Puzzles | Lateral puzzles | Lateral puzzle 8 | Solution
* The common answer: the doctor is his mother.
* The son was adopted by a gay couple.
* The doctor is his adoptive father and the man who died was his biological father (which the boy had searched for, found and met, after being told he was adopted).
* The doctor was his real biological father (he was the lover of the boy´s mom), the man who died was the poor bastard who raised the child thinking that it was his son.