OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Character Encodings/Code Tables/MS-DOS/Code page 1109
### Code page 1109

Code page 1109 (DITROFF Specials Compatibility) contains characters not available in Code page 1108.
Code page 1109 :
| | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F |
| 2x | SP | ⎸ 23B8 | ⎺ 23BA | ⎽ 23BD | ⎼ 23BC | ⎡ 23A1 | ⎣ 23A3 | ⎤ 23A4 | ⎦ 23A6 | ⎧ 23A7 | ⎨ 23A8 | ⎩ 23A9 | ⎫ 23AB | ⎬ 23AC | ⎭ 23AD | ⎪ 23AA |
| 3x | □ 25A1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## References

* ↑ "Code Page 1109 DITROFF Special Compatibility" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-01-21.
# Character Encodings/Code Tables/MS-DOS/Code page 1034
### Code page 1034

Code page 1034 (CCSID 1034) is a code page used under DOS to use in shipping labels. It is the second set used after code page 1044. This is the code page with the fewest characters.
Each character appears with its equivalent Unicode code-point.
Code page 1034 :
| | 0 |
| 2x | SP |
| 3x | |
| 4x | ⎊ |

## References

* ↑ "IBM i Globalization: Code pages". Archived from the original on 16 July 2012.
* ↑ "Code Page 1034" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-01-21.
# Scrabble

Scrabble is a popular word board game for two to four players, invented by Alfred Mosher Butts in 1938. The goal is to score the most points by placing letter tiles on a board to form words and score points.
This book contains the basic rules of Scrabble for beginners who have never played before, or wish to refresh their knowledge. The bulk of this guide, however, is concerned with the strategy of the game for players looking to improve their technique. If you are familiar with Scrabble already, you may skip the Rules section and proceed to Strategy.

## Contents

* Introduction
   * Preface
   * History of Scrabble
* Rules
   * Rules
   * Common Variations
* Strategy
   * Basic Game Strategy
   * Letter Frequency and Probability
   * Two and Three Letter Words
   * Bingos
   * Playing the J
   * Playing the X
   * Playing the Q
   * Dealing With a Bad Rack
   * Endgame Techniques
   * Challenging
# Algebra/Chapter 15/Solutions
### 15.1
#### 15.1.1

i. 5 ii. 3 iii. Undefined iv. Undefined

#### 15.1.2

2

#### 15.1.3

3

#### 15.1.4

4
# Algebra/Chapter 15/Glossary

* codomain:
* domain:
* generating function:
* image:
* sequence:
* series:
# Hebrew/Introduction/Hebrew World

Basically, the Hebrew language includes two languages: the ancient Hebrew and the modern Hebrew.
Our book focuses on the modern Hebrew.
The modern Hebrew is about a century old, and is spoken by 5.3 million people worldwide, mainly in Israel.
For further information see Wikipedia: Hebrew language
# Hebrew/Introduction/Studying Hebrew

Studying Hebrew is like studying any other language. It has its vocabulary, its grammar and so on. Like any other language it has its special history and characteristics.

## Why study Hebrew?

People around the world study Hebrew for the detailed reasons:
* They are living in Israel, immigrated there or having contact with Israeli Hebrew speakers.
* They are Jewish and learn it as part of their studies of the Jewish sacred books, or just as cultural heritage.
* They are Believers of some parts of Jewish sacred books, like Bible or Kabalah, and willing to learn by source's language.
* They are generally interested in languages and study Hebrew like every other language.

## How to study

One of the special characteristics of Hebrew is it has its own unique characters. Therefore, the study of Hebrew includes a study of a brand new set of forms, used for letters and diacritics.
As for pronunciation, there are very few new vocals for the English speaker to learn.
Like any other language study, some people focus on the spoken language and others on the written language. You should ask yourself what is your purpose by the study and accordingly determine which element is more important for you.
As a written book, this book naturally fits better the study of the written language, yet we try to illustrate the pronunciation by using English letters for the Hebrew words.

## External links

* Study of the Hebrew language
* Pealim (Shoresh and Conjugations)
* Hebrew Verbs by Rut Avni
# Roblox Game Development

Roblox (not "ROBLOX", which is incorrect, although very common) is a gaming website where the games are created by the users. Roblox games are created with Roblox Studio, Roblox's game creation tool, and use the Roblox engine. Although this tool makes it possible to do very complicated things, it is also easy to use for a beginner. The Roblox game engine uses the Lua programming language, which is simple to learn and to use, powerful and widely used.
The purpose of this book is to teach readers to use the tools and the scripting API Roblox provides so they can be used for game creation. It may be read by anyone who wants to learn to develop games, or by any Roblox user who wishes to be able to do more with Roblox's game development platform.
It is assumed in this book that the reader already knows the Lua programming language. If this is not the case, it can be learned by reading the book Lua Programming. It is expected that most readers of this book will read or will have read that book before reading this book.

## Contents

This book is divided into the following chapters:

### Introduction

    This chapter introduces ROBLOX, gives some history, explains how the website works and describes the ROBLOX studio. Readers who have already used ROBLOX should still read this chapter, as it contains important information.

### Game design

    This chapter introduces the reader to effective game design, utilizing features that can specifically be used on ROBLOX.

### Game engine

    This chapter explains to the reader how the ROBLOX engine works. It leads the reader to understand how the ROBLOX platform works.

### Game code

    This chapter presents to the reader the structure of the ROBLOX API and explains to him how it can be manipulated to make games interactive.
There is a single page version of this book.

## Writing and style

* All headers and titles, except the title of the book itself, should use sentence case.
* The book should be self-contained, but it's fine to add links to other books or Wikipedia, as long as these links are only used for supplementary material.
# French Defence, Winawer Variation

By playing 7. Qg4, White immediately attacks Black's unprotected g7 pawn. Now it's Black's choice whether they want to defend the pawn, e.g. by playing 7... O-O, or whether they're going to sacrifice the g7-Pawn and prepare some counterplay on the queenside instead. For this purpose Black can try 7... Qc7 (The Poisoned Pawn Variation).

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation.
1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e5 c5 5. a3 Bxc3+ 6. bxc3 Ne7 7. Qg4
| | 7 |
| Warsaw Variation | ... O-O | = |
| Poisoned Pawn Variation | ... Qc7 | = |
| Eingorn Variation | ... Kf8 | = |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.

## References

* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# French Defence, Winawer Variation

Black immediately seizes the occasion to get rid of the white knight. An exchange is almost inevitable. By pinning the knight, the e-pawn is left unprotected.
White can put his pawn out of danger with 4.e5 (this is the main line of the Winawer).
It should be noted that the dark squared bishop is the "good bishop" for black, as the light bishop is stuck behind the pawn chain in e6 and d5. The exchange however does give black some compensation after the usual 4.e5 c5 5. a3 Bxc3 6.bxc3 as the closed position is quite solid for black and his superior queenside is more agile than the jammed white center. However after the usual and flexible 6...Ne7 white can choose between the tactical and very complex poisoned pawn variation (7.Qg4) or the strategic and hypercomplex lines following either a4 or Nf3. Play can be very difficult with lots of good chances for both players.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation.
| 1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 Bb4 |
| | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| Main line | e5 c5 | a3 Bxc3+ | = |
| Bogoljubow Variation | ... ... | Bd2 Ne7 | = |
| Transposition to Exchange Variation | exd5 exd5 | ... ... | = |
| Winckelmann-Reimer Gambit | a3 Bxc3+ | bxc3 dxe4 | f3 ... | = |
| Alekhine-Maróczy Gambit | Nge2 dxe4 | a3 Bxc3+ | = |
| | Bd3 - | ... ... | = |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.

## References

* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# Markdown

Markdown is a plain text markup language intended to be rendered as a web page. Variants and extensions exist.
The Markdown markup at a glance:

## External links

* Markdown Syntax Documentation by John Gruber, daringfireball.net
* Markdown Cheatsheet by Adam Pritchard, github.com
* Markdown help, stackoverflow.com
* rfc7763 - The text/markdown Media Type, tools.ietf.org
* rfc7764 - Guidance on Markdown and text/markdown, tools.ietf.org
* CommonMark specification, spec.commonmark.org
* Online Markdown Editor, dillinger.io
* StackEdit In-browser Markdown editor, stackedit.io
* Markdown Mode for Emacs, jblevins.org
* W:Markdown
# Eingorn Variation

Black moves the king to defend the weakness on g7.
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.

## References

* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# Ruy Lopez Open Defence

White is once again threatening to win Black's e-pawn, although Black is temporarily a pawn up anyway. More importantly, Black needs to complete their development and if possible reinforce the crusading knight on e4, but the immediate ...d5 would leave the c6-knight pinned allowing the powerful Nxe5. 6...Be7 is a semi-useful move, but to really get to grips with the situation Black should play 6...b5 preparing ...d5 by chasing the bishop away.
Black can also accept White's gambit with 6...exd4, which leads to a wonderful mess.
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
# Glek System

When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.

## References

* Modern Chess Openings 15th ed, 2008. Nick de Firmian. Random House, New York. ISBN 0-8129-3682-5.
* Nunn's Chess Openings. 1999. John Nunn (Editor), Graham Burgess, John Emms, Joe Gallagher. ISBN 1-8574-4221-0.
* This Chess related article is a stub. Please assist Wikibooks by expanding it.
# Spain at the Beginning of 21st Century

The purpose of this book is to provide an overview of Spain as it was when it entered 21st century (decade 2000-2010, approximately), in its different aspects.

## Table of contents

* Historical and political context
* Territory and demographics
* Culture
* Education and health
* Economy
* Spain by autonomous communities
* Main events by year
# Literary Criticism/Psychological Literary Criticism

| ←Historical Literary Criticism | Literary Criticism Psychological Literary Criticism | Feminist Literary Criticism→ |
Psychological criticism focuses primarily on the characters, and on what psychological forces influence and shape them throughout the work. This school of criticism emphasizes character development and the relationships between characters. Most psychological critics rely on the works of Sigmund Freud as their psychological base, though this is by no means necessary.
Review of "New Psychologies in Psychological Literary Criticism"
Joseph Carroll, Literary Darwinism: Evolution, Human Nature, and Literature. New York: Taylor Francis/Routledge, 2004; Sara E. Cooper, ed. The Ties that Bind: Questioning Family Dynamics and Family Discourse in Hispanic Literature. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2004; Piotr Sadowski, Dynamism of Character in Shakespeare's Mature Tragedies. Newark, Delaware: University of Delaware Press, 2003.
For those interested in psychologically-oriented literary criticism, see *Striking at the Joints* (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1996);
# Inheritance Cycle/Eragon/A Miller-to-Be

A Miller-to-Be is the eighth chapter of Eragon.

## Summary

Roran has news for Garrow and Eragon as the three gather around the dinner table. Roran reveals that he accepted a job at the mill in Therinsford and is due to leave in 2 weeks. Fearing the worst, Eragon and Roran brace for the worst. Surprisingly, Garrow is accepting of this and is supportive for Roran to evolve into adulthood, believing "It's life's natural course". Roran prepares to leave by packing.
On a brighter side, Saphira is growing bigger. She now understands Eragon and is able to fly and catch animals such as eagles.
On the night Roran is to leave, Eragon almost tells his cousin about Saphira, but decides against it, worried about how busy his cousin already is with his packing.
* Eragon
* Shade of Fear | 1. Discovery | 2. Palancar Valley | 3. Dragon Tales | 4. Fate's Gift | 5. Awakening | 6. Tea for Two | 7. A Name of Power | 8. A Miller-to-Be | 9. Strangers in Carvahall | 10. Flight of Destiny | 11. The Doom of Innocence | 12. Deathwatch | 13. The Madness of Life | 14. A Rider's Blade | 15. Saddlemaking | 16. Therinsford | 17. Thunder Roar and Lightning Crackle | 18. Revelation at Yazuac | 19. Admonishments | 20. Magic Is the Simplest Thing | 21. Daret | 22. Through a Dragon's Eye | 23. A Song for the Road | 24. A Taste of Teirm | 25. An Old Friend | 26. The Witch and the Werecat | 27. Of Reading and Plots | 28. Thieves in the Castle | 29. A Costly Mistake | 30. Vision of Perfection | 31. Master of the Blade | 32. The Mire of Dras-Leona | 33. Trail of Oil | 34. Worshipers of Helgrind | 35. The Ra'zac's Revenge | 36. Murtagh | 37. Legacy of a Rider | 38. Diamond Tomb | 39. Capture at Gil'ead | 40. Du Súndavar Freohr | 41. Fighting Shadows | 42. A Warrior and a Healer | 43. Water from Sand | 44. The Ramr River | 45. The Hadarac Desert | 46. A Path Revealed | 47. A Clash of Wills | 48. Flight Through the Valley | 49. The Horns of a Dilemma | 50. Hunting for Answers | 51. The Glory of Tronjheim | 52. Ajihad | 53. Bless the Child | 54. Mandrake Root and Newt's Tongue | 55. Hall of the Mountain King | 56. Arya's Test | 57. The Shadows Lengthen | 58. Battle Under Farthen Dûr | 59. The Mourning Sage
# Greco Defence
## 2...Qf6

Moves:
    3. Bc4
The Greco Defence attempts to defend Black's e-Pawn with the Queen, but in doing so, Black prevents the natural development of their knight to f6, a critical square for knight activity in the opening. This defence is rarely seen professionally as White is provided an advantage in development.
3. Nc3
When the move Nc3 is played, white threatens to punish Black's early queen on f6 with the move Nd5, this is a common move since black needs to play a prophylactic responce to White's threat, while that is happening the white pieces can keep developing with Bc4 and O-O.
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
# Scotch Gambit

Black can continue the Scotch with 4...Bc5 5.c3 and now 5...Nf6 will transpose into a safe variation of the Giuoco Piano. But after the move Bc5 there is the move Ng5, the so called Saratt Variation, where white threatens to play Nxf7 forking the Queen and the Rook, Alternatively, he can transpose into the Two Knights Defense with 4...Nf6 and White has now two sound options: the obvious 5. e5 and 5. O-O. In the first case 5. e5 white goes for maintaining a strong center and an open game with chances for both sides. 5. O-O gives away the pawn, and while taking it might seem risky due to 6.. Re1 it's perfectly sound, and white will only get his pawn back.
Black can instead accept the gambit with 5...dxc3 but this is riskier because White will gain a lead in development. A possible continuation is 6.Nxc3 (Grandmaster Sveshnikov has played 6.Bxf7+!? Kxf7 7.Qd5+ followed by 8.Qxc5 recommended in Chess Openings for White, explained) 6...d6 7.Qb3 Qd7 8.Nd5 Nge7 9.Qc3 0-0.Göring Gambit'. This gambit is quite similar to the Danish Gambit.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 exd4 4. Bc4
| | 4 | 5 |
| Two Knights Defence by transposition | Bc4 Nf6 | | = to 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.d4 exd4 |
| Scotch Gambit | ... Bc5 | c3 Nf6 | = |
| Hungarian Defence by transposition | ... Be7 | | = to 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Be7 4. d4 exd4 |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.

## References

* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# Annotations of The Complete Peanuts/1991 to 1992

Annotations to The Complete Peanuts: 1991 to 1992 by Charles M. Schulz (Fantagraphics Books, 20143. ISBN 1606997262
* p. 231 (June 21, 1992) In the early 1990s, the commercial launch of "arm patches" to cure addiction to tobacco quickly made it the favorite method of those who tried to quit smoking.
* p. 266 (September 10, 1992) Lucy has raised the price of her Psychiatric Help to 47¢.
Annotations to other volumes: 1950–1952 · 1953–1954 · 1955–1956 · 1957–1958 · 1959–1960 · 1961–1962 · 1963–1964 · 1965–1966 · 1967–1968 · 1969–1970 · 1971–1972 · 1973–1974 · 1975–1976 · 1977–1978 · 1979–1980 · 1981–1982 · 1983–1984 · 1985–1986 · 1987–1988 · 1989–1990 · 1991–1992 · 1993–1994 · 1995–1996 · 1997–1998 · 1999–2000 · Comics and Stories
# Introducing Julia/Migrating From Other Languages

A good general resource is the Noteworthy Differences from Other Languages page from the Julia Manual.
It's also possible to call from Python, R, MATLAB, Rust, JavaScript, Java (and e.g. Scala and Kotlin) and more languages by using libraries such as PyCall.jl or jlrs (a package to call Julia from Rust, and in the other direction), rather than to possibly rewriting working code, and migrate fully that way.
It is possible to call C, without needing any package, using the ccall keyword, but there are also extra packages to help with calling C. Packages to call other language, such as to C++ (or those mentioned above), indirectly use the C-calling mechanism.

## MATLAB

* Julia for MATLAB Users Wikibooks

## Python

To call Python, PyCall.jl has historically been used (probably the first package to call any language), but a new package PythonCall.jl is also an option providing bidirectional calling, and easy handling of Python dependencies (which are not tracked by PyCall and the user must set up manually). See comparison. PyCall strictly only supports calling to Julia, but there's a Python package (actually built on it), pyjulia, that supports calling in the other direction, in case Python is your main language.
It is possible to migrate from PyCall to PythonCall (or use both at once), while the API isn't exactly the same, might not be considered worth it, in all cases. If you choose PythonCall (e.g. for new projects), it's also possible to use it with PyCall (e.g. if some of your dependencies, such as PyPlot.jl, rely on PyCall).
* [to come]
# Anatomy and Physiology of Animals

Veterinary nurses need to have a firm grasp of the normal structure of an animal’s body and how it functions before they can understand the effect diseases and injuries have and the best ways to treat them.
This book describes the structure of the animal body and the way in which it works. Animals encountered in normal veterinary practice are used as examples where possible. The material is divided into 16 chapters:
* Chemicals
* Classification
* The Cell
* Body Organisation
* The Skin
* The Skeleton
* Muscles
* Cardiovascular System
* Respiratory System
* Lymphatic System
* The Gut and Digestion
* Urinary System
* Reproductive System
* Nervous System
* The Senses
* Endocrine System

## Extra resources

* A Glossary gives the meaning of technical terms used in the text.
* There is a "Test Yourself" for each chapter.
* Worksheets are available on WikiEducator.
* WikiVet - a free wiki for veterinary students with a detailed section on anatomy and physiology
* Presentations of the material can be accessed by students of Otago Polytechnic who must use their polytechnic login to gain access.

## About the book

* Preface
* The Author
* Acknowledgements
* Table of contents
# Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nf6/3. Bc4
## Petrov's Defence: Urusov Gambit
### 3. Bc4

White's e4-pawn is left undefended in preference for more development.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1. e4 e5 2. Bc4 Nf6 3.Nf3 or 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3.Bc4
| | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Boden-Kieseritzky Gambit | ... Nxe4 | Nc3 Nxc3 | dxc3 f6 | ⩱ |
| Trébuchet Gambit | ... ... | Bxf7+ Kxf7 | Nxe5+ Kg8 | − + |
| Two Knights Defence by transposition | ... Nc6 | d3 | = |
| | ... Bc5? | Nxe5 | ± |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.

## References

* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# Chess Opening Theory/1. Nc3
## 1. Nc3 · Van Geet Opening

A rarely played opening. Allows for a variety of transpositions and some independent lines. Black's best response is to threaten to chase the white knight at c3 away with 1... d5. 1... e5 allows White to transpose into the Vienna Game with 2. e4.

## Statistics
### Approximate chances

    White win 35%, Draw 24%, Black win 40%

### Estimated next move popularity

    d5 37%, c5 26%, Nf6 13%, e5 11%

## Theory table

1. Nc3
| | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| | Nc3 d5 | e4 dxe4 | Nxe4 Bf5 | Ng3 Bg6 | = |
| Sicilian Defence by transposition | ... c5 | e4 | | | |
| Vienna Game by transposition | ... e5 | e4 | | | |

## All possible Black's moves

| Quick Navigation | Na6 a6 a5 | b6 b5 | Nc6 c6 c5 | d6 d5 | e6 e5 | Nf6 f6 f5 | g6 g5 | Nh6 h6 h5 |

## References

* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
* Nunn's Chess Openings. 1999. John Nunn (Editor), Graham Burgess, John Emms, Joe Gallagher. ISBN 1-8574-4221-0.
* Modern Chess Openings: MCO-14. 1999. Nick de Firmian, Walter Korn. ISBN 0-8129-3084-3.
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
# Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nc3/2...Nc6/3. g3
## Closed Sicilian: Fianchetto Variation

The move 3. g3 initiates the Fianchetto Variation of the Closed Sicilian Defense, white's plan is to play Bg2, Nge2, d3 and O-O, sometimes white will also try to attack with a an early f4, which may lead to similar attacks to the Grand Prix Attack, black will try to counter that with an break in the center of the board

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1.e4 c5 2.Nc3 Nc6 3.g3
| | 3 |
| Sicilian, Closed | ... g6 | Bg2 |
| Sicilian, Closed | ... d6 | Bg2 |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.

## References

* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.