OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# History of video games/Platforms/GP2X Caanoo
## History
### Launch

The GP2X Cannoo was launched in 2010 for $150, though it was sometimes sold for $169.The system was well received by some open source enthusiasts, as well as a the broader public, though marketing of the device in the west was sparse.

### Legacy

Due to increasing competition by smartphones, the GP2X Caanoo was discontinued in 2011. Retrospective media coverage of the device is sparse, but an AV Club article considered the device a forerunner of sorts to the emerging genre of open consoles that proliferated in the later 2010's.
GamePark Holdings (Then renamed to GPH) folded on March 23rd, 2013.

## Technology
### Compute

The GP2X Caanoo is powered by a MagicEyes Pollux VR3520F SOC, which is the exact same SOC powering the GP2X Wiz. The SOC contains an ARM926TEJ CPU clocked at 533 megahertz. Like the GP2X Wiz, it has built in 3D hardware capable of 1.33 million polygons a second.
The GP2x Caanoo has 128 megabytes of RAM clocked at 133 megahertz. This is double what is included on the preceding GP2X Wiz. However 16 megabytes of system RAM is reserved for use as video RAM.

### Hardware

The GP2X Caanoo uses a OLED resistive touchscreen with a size of 3.5 inches and a resolution of 320 by 240 pixels.
The GP2X Caanoo has an SDHC card slot, which is more important than it is on the Wiz as the Caanoo has only 128 megabytes of internal storage which is exclusively used for system software.
A Wolfson Microelectronics WM1800 digital to analog converter is used for stereo audio.
The GP2X Caanoo contains a lithium polymer battery rated at 1,850 mAh. Battery life lasts between four hours and seven hours.

### Software

The GP2X Caanoo runs GNU/Linux as an operating system.

## References

* 1 2 3 4 5 Aamoth, Doug (13 December 2010). "Caanoo Emulator Review: Great Hardware, So-So Software". Time. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
* ↑ Biggs, John (23 August 2011). "An Old-Style Arcade in Your Hands". Gadgetwise Blog. https://gadgetwise.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/08/23/an-old-style-arcade-in-your-hands/.
* ↑ "Achievement unlocked: Four open consoles for homebrew gamers" (in en). Opensource.com. https://opensource.com/life/11/7/achievement-unlocked.
* ↑ "Bad News - General Talk [GPH] - GP32X.com - Home of the OpenSource gaming Handhelds". web.archive.org. 28 January 2013.
* ↑ Manikas, Pantelis. "GamePark Holdings GP2X Caanoo". News & Reviews for Videogames & Gaming Consoles consall.eu.
* ↑ Barsanti, Sam; Hughes, William (22 March 2021). "The rise and fall of the Game Boy's weirdest rivals" (in en-us). The A.V. Club. https://www.avclub.com/the-game-com-cometh-the-rise-and-fall-of-the-game-boy-1846501180/slides/11.
* ↑ "Hardcore Gaming 101: A History of Korean Gaming". www.hardcoregaming101.net. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Irrlicht Engine • View topic - Irrlicht 1.4 GP2x Caanoo". irrlicht.sourceforge.net.
* 1 2 "[Retro] Review: GP2X Caanoo". TGIGreeny Blog. 9 May 2011. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
# Normative Ethics
## Contents

* Introduction
* History
* Meta-Ethical Foundations
* Theories of Normative Ethics
** Deontological Ethics
** Consequentialism
** Virtue Ethics
* Political Connections
* Normativity Beyond Ethics
* Applied Ethics
* Thought Experiments
* Conclusion
* Glossary
# Programming Fundamentals

Computer programming (often shortened to programming) is a process that leads from an original formulation of a computing problem to executable computer programs. Programming involves activities such as analysis; developing understanding; generating algorithms; verifying the requirements of algorithms, including their correctness and resources consumption; and implementation (commonly referred to as coding) of algorithms in a target programming language.
This book is a copy of Programming Fundamentals - A Modular Structured Approach, 2nd Edition, available free at http://press.rebus.community/programmingfundamentals.

## Table of Contents

* Preface
** Author Acknowledgements
* Introduction to Programming
** Systems Development Life Cycle
** Program Design
** Program Quality
** Pseudocode
** Flowcharts
** Software Testing
** Integrated Development Environment
** Version Control
** Input and Output
** Hello World
** Code Examples
*** C++
*** C#
*** Java
*** JavaScript
*** Python
*** Swift
** Practice: Introduction to Programming
* Data and Operators
** Constants and Variables
** Identifier Names
** Data Types
*** Integer Data Type
*** Floating-Point Data Type
*** String Data Type
*** Boolean Data Type
*** Nothing Data Type

## References

* ↑ Wikipedia: Computer programming
# Analog and Digital Conversion/Nyquist Sampling Rate
## Aliasing

If a sampler is only reading in values at particular times, it can become confused if the input frequency is too fast. The resulting problem is called Aliasing, and is a major factor in Sampler design.

### Aliasing

    When the input signal frequency is faster than half the sampling frequency, the sampled result will appear to be a low-frequency wave.
In the image above, the black dots are the sampling points, and the red sinusoid is the input waveform. Notice that since the sampler is sampling so slowly, the output appears to be the blue waveform, which is slower.

## Nyquist Sampling Rate

To avoid the problem of aliasing, the Nyquist Sampling Rate should be considered the slowest possible sampling rate. Any slower than the nyquist sampling rate, and the sampler is in danger of producing an aliased signal.

### Nyquist Sampling Rate

    The nyquist sampling rate is two times the highest frequency of the input signal.
For instance, if the input signal has a high-frequency component of 1 kHz, then the sampler must sample at least 2 kHz, or the signal might alias. However, if the sampler happens to sample the waveform exactly at the places where it crosses the zero line, it will appear like there is zero signal. Therefore, the nyquist sampling rate is a bare minimum, and it is recommended that samplers sample much faster than the minimum. For instance, one common guideline recommends sampling at least 10 times faster than the input signal.
When designing a system, there are 2 ways to prevent ultrasonic sounds (or other unwanted high-frequency noise) from aliasing to a lower frequency, becoming audible noise:
* Adjust the capacitors or other components of the anti-aliasing filter so it blocks all frequencies more than half the sampling rate.
* Adjust the sampling rate to more than twice the frequency of the highest frequency passed by the anti-aliasing filter.
# The Computer Revolution/Computer Graphics/Increasing Design Speed

Increasing the speed of designing is not the best idea since excessive usage of the keyboard shortcuts leads to wrist injury and often being faster than the computer (if you are using a slow one, that is). Some examples of increasing the speed in Corel are mentioned below.
* Change the keyboard shortcut of "Wireframe view mode" to "Q" this is very important since selecting objects becomes very easier in wireframe mode then the enhanced mode. Moreover it helps you skim out the white objects that you can't really see but exist to do nothing but cause problems.
* Try to keep as much of artistic text as possible instead of paragraph text. This is because paragraph text is like mini-Microsoft Word. It has to dealt with carefully moreover the text frame can shorten hiding the text and cut out information moreover you could be accidentally selecting the frame of the text so many times in the course of design then actually needed.
* Change the shortcuts of alignment: C to center horizontally, E to center vertically, P to center to page R to align to the r and f to align to the left. This makes aligning everything exactly along something a character away.
* Make sure you are using the roller of the mouse for your zooming in and zooming out. It makes it so much easier to zoom into to amend details and then zoom out to the work area, etc.
* To duplicate things drag something and right click along with dragging it duplicates the object, holding CTRL will allow you drag along 90 degrees so you dont move the object either horizontally or vertically. After you duplicate the image using the right click hold CTRL and click "d". See what happens it duplicates something exactly along the displacement inch you displaced the original object from.
* Use the transformation toll to transform objects multiply by an exact measurement for example 0.25"
* Use CTRL A to select everything.
* Use find and replace to change a specific colour to something else.it saves a lot of time selecting multiple objects and replacing them multiple times.
* If a colour is used very frequently, add it to the common palette. It saves time selecting it through swatches every time

## Further reading

* Concepts of Computer Graphics
# Dishwashing/Tools
## Hand Tools
### Rag

The humble rag is among the most versatile of the tools available to a dishwasher. From cleaning dishes and glasses gently, to wiping down the sink at the end of the night, the rag offers a gentile and flexible approach for cleaning light messes.

### Sponge

The sponge is a step up above the rag in terms of ability to clean small portions of an item thoroughly. A soft side allows for a similar level of gentleness to the rag, while a more abrasive side tackles tougher grime and debris.

### Steel Wool

Steel wool is among the harshest hand tools, and is an invaluable asset when cleaning material which has been caked onto pots and pans.
Never use Steel Wool on Teflon or similar coatings. This will likely destroy the coating.

### Cleaning Block

Cleaning blocks can be used on items with very hard caked on debris.

## Water
### Tap

A standard tap can be used to fill up a sink, or to provide running water over an object during scrubbing.

### Sprayer

A sprayer separates a stream of water into a number of droplets. Many sprayers propel these droplets faster than the continuous stream of a tap, allowing more easy removal of grit and grime. Most sprayers require manual operation.
# DarkBASIC Programming/Number Crunching
### Day 9 Cont'd

This lesson is all but one day long. When it's done, we'll move on to 2d don't expect mario or pong yet first thing we'll be doing is learning string manipulation, in about a day or so then we'll move on to images and whatnot. Who likes math? Not me, that's why we'll be getting DarkBASIC to do math for us. It'll be easier than using a calculator you won't even have to think about it.
Typical Math Operators
Okay, first of all by increment I mean increasing a value by whatever and vice versia with decrement as you decrease values.
Typical Programming Operators
Remember the above like you remember Christmas or you'll have problems doing math in programming! I can go on with more operators but it's not needed in a simple language like DarkBASIC as most of the math is taken care of by easier commands like wrapvalue.
This example may be easy but here it is
Most people have already known what was going to happen and what was going on.
Here's some easy stuff!
Why you'd need these above commands is beyond me, you only need them in rare situations, for more examples of math in DarkBASIC consult the DarkBASIC editor's command reference under math. For now it's over with...
# The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild/Shrines

Shrines serve as miniature dungeons. Completion of the shrine awards the player a Spirit Orb, alongside other potential benefits.

## Main Quest

Follow the Sheikah Slate

## Shrine Quests

Occasionally shrines will require a quest before being allowed to enter.

## Shrine Genres
### Puzzles

Many shrines revolve around using game mechanics to reach a goal. Sometimes you need to use Cryonis to build blocks of ice while other times may necessitate the use of Magnesis to pick up metal items. Fire may be needed to destroy vines and bombs could be used to blow holes in bombable blocks.

#### Gyro Shrines

Shrines revolving around the use of gyroscopic manipulation to solve a puzzle.

### Tests of Strength

These combat oriented shrines test the player in combat, with victory resulting in completion of the shrine.

### Blessing

Blessing shrines immediately award the player with a spirit orb. That is not to say blessing shrines are a freebie for the player, these shrines are typically protected by some sort of puzzle or quest in the overworld.

### Ballad of the Champions Shrines

These shrines have special rules that make their completion more difficult than many standard shrines.
# Pokémon/Pokédex/Lunatone
## Description

Lunatone resembles a tan flattened crescent moon, with red circular eyes on each side of the Pokémon. This Pokémon features a prominent beak like protrusion in the center of the crescent. This Pokémon is commonly seen as a sibling of sorts with the Pokémon Solrock.

### Shiny

A shiny Lunatone has blue eyes. Because Lunatone can learn the move explosion, catching a high level shiny Lunatone can be more difficult than a normal shiny Pokémon.

## Basic Statistics

* National Index: 337
* Johto Index: 337
* Hoenn Index: 125
* Stage: Basic
* Height: 1m/3'3"
* Weight: 168kg/370.0lb
* Gender Distribution: Genderless
* Ability: Levitate
* Type: Rock/Psychic
* Species: Meteorite
* Egg Group: Mineral
* Hatch Steps: 6400
* Catch Rate: 45
* Base Experience: 150
* Max Experience: 800000
| | HP | Attack | Defense | Speed | Special Attack | Special Defense |
| Base Stats (RB/Y) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Base Stats (GS/C) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Base Stats (RS/FL/E) | 70 | 55 | 65 | 70 | 95 | 85 |
| Base Stats (DP/PT/HGSS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (BW/B2W2) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (XY/ORAS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (SM/USUM) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (RB/Y) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Max Stats (GS/C) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Max Stats (RS/FL/E) | 344 | 229 | 251 | 262 | 317 | 295 |
| Max Stats (DP/PT/HGSS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (B/W/B2W2) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (X/Y/ORAS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (SM/USUM) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Effort Points (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |

## Type Matching

Move types which are good on Lunatone: Bug, Dark, Ghost, Grass, Steel, Water Move types which are bad on Lunatone: Fire, Flying, Normal, Poison, Psychic
Lunatone is not affected by Ground-type moves due to the Levitate ability.
All other move types are normal effectiveness on Lunatone.

## Moveset

| Level | Ruby / Sapphire | Fire Red / Leaf Green |
| Start | Tackle Harden | Tackle Harden |
| 7 | Confusion | Confusion |
| 13 | Rock Throw | Rock Throw |
| 21 | Hypnosis | Hypnosis |
| 25 | Psywave | Psywave |
| 31 | Cosmic Power | Cosmic Power |
| 37 | Psychic | Psychic |
| 43 | Future Sight | Future Sight |
| 49 | Explosion | Explosion |

### TM/HM

* RS/FL: Calm Mind, Double Team, Earthquake, Facade, Flash, Frustration, Hidden Power, Hyper Beam, Ice Beam, Light Screen, Protect, Psychic, Rain Dance, Reflect, Rest, Return, Rock Tomb, Safeguard, Sandstorm, Secret Power, Shadow Ball, Skill Swap, Toxic

## Trading Cards

* EX Sandstorm #8 - Lunatone
* EX Deoxys #36 - Lunatone
# Dyr (animals)
## Fisker (fishes)

* abbor: perch
* gjedde: pike
* hai: shark
* lake: burbot
* laks: salmon
* makrell: mackerel
* sei: pollock
* sild: herring
* torsk: cod
* tunfisk: tuna
* ørret: trout
* ål: eel

## Fugler (birds)

* and: duck
* kråke: crow
* due: dove, pigeon
* erle: wagtail
* falk: falcon
* gås: goose
* hauk: hawk
* jerpe: hazel grouse
* lunde: puffin
* papegøye: parrot
* pingvin: penguin
* ravn: raven
* rype: ptarmigan
* skjære: magpie
* stork: stork
* struts: ostrich
* svale: swallow
* trane: crane
* trost: thrush
* undulat: parakeet, budgie
* ørn: eagle

## Gnagere (rodents)

* bever: beaver
* flodsvin: capybara
* hare: hare
* lemen: lemming
* mus: mouse
* rotte: rat

## Husdyr (farm animals)

* esel: donkey
* geit: goat
** bukk: male goat
** killing: kid
* gris, svin: pig
** grisunge: piglet
** purke: female pig
** råne: male pig
* hane: rooster
* hest: horse
* høne: hen
* kveg, storfe: cattle
** kalv: calf
** ku: cow
** okse: bull
* kylling: chicken
* sau: sheep
** lam: lamb

## Insekter (insects)

* bie: bee
* flue: fly
* humle: bumblebee
* maur: ant
* mygg: mosquito
* skolopender: centipede
* sommerfugl: butterfly
* tusenbein: millipede
* øyenstikker: dragonfly

## Kjæledyr (pets)

* gullfisk: goldfish
* hund: dog
** valp: puppy
* kanin: rabbit
* katt: cat
* marsvin: guinea pig

## Klovdyr (ungulates)

* elg: moose
* flodhest: hippo
* hjort: red deer
* moskus: muskox
* neshorn: rhinoceros
* rein, reinsdyr: reindeer
* rådyr: roe deer
* sjiraff: giraffe
* villsvin: boar

## Reptiler (reptiles)

* firfisle: lizard
* hoggorm: adder
* orm, slange: snake

## Rovdyr (carnivores)

* bjørn: bear
** bamse: male bear
** binne: female bear
** brunbjørn: brown bear
** isbjørn: polar bear
* gaupe: lynx
* gepard: cheetah
* grevling: badger
* jaguar: jaguar
* jerv: wolverine
* krokodille: crocodile
* leopard: leopard
* løve: lion
* mår: pine marten
* rev: fox
** fjellrev: arctic fox
** korsrev: cross fox
** rødrev: red fox
* tiger: tiger
* ulv: wolf
* vaskebjørn: raccoon

## Sjøpattedyr (marine mammals)

* delfin: dolphin
* hval: whale
** blåhval: blue whale
** knølhval: humpback whale
* hvalross: walrus
* nise: porpoise
* sel: seal
* spekkhogger: orca, killer whale
* tumler: common bottlenose dolphin
# Burmese Grammar Guide

Burmese Grammar Guide A comprehensive review of Burmese Grammar

## Table of Contents
### Intro

* SOV
* comparison with other major languages (English, Chinese/Japanese, SEA languages)
* importance of particles

### verbs

* tenses
** present (-တယ်)
** past (-တယ်, -ခဲ့တယ်, -လိုက်, -လာ, -ထား)
** general future (-မယ်, -ခဲ့)
** intermediate future (-တော့မယ်)
** probable future event (-လိမ့်မည်)
* negative statement (မ-ဘူး)
* command (-ပါ, မ-နဲ့, -လိုက်, -တော့, -ဦး)
* progression (-နေ)
* completion (-ပြီ)
* pluralisation (-ကြ)
* change of state (-သွား)
* expressing modal verbs
** can (-ရ, -တတ်, -နိုင်)
** may/must (-ရ)

### nouns

* numerical classifiers (such as ခု, ယောက်, ဦး)
* noun markers (အ-, -မှု, -ချက်, -ရေး, -စရာ, -ခြင်း, -နည်း)
* အ-[x]-အ-[y] forms
* understanding nominalisation and how it is used in Burmese
* plural markers (-များ, -တွေ)

### pronouns

* demonstrative pronouns (ဒီ/ဒါ, ဤ, အဲဒီ/အဲဒါ, ဟို, ထို)
* personal pronouns
** formal
** informal
** pluralisation (-တို့)
* interrogatives
** what/which (ဘာ, ဘယ်ဟာ)
** when (ဘယ်တော့, ဘယ်အချိန်, ဘယ်တုန်းက)
** where (ဘယ်မှာ, ဘယ်နေရာ)
** why (ဘယ်ဖြစ်လို့, ဘာကြောင့်)
** How, Who (ဘယ်လို, ဘယ်သူ)

### adjectives

* adjective markers (-သော, -သည့်, -မည့်, -တဲ့)
* reduplication
* adverbs
* adverb marker (-စွာ)
* adverbs forming through reduplication

### postpositions

* of location (-မှာ, -ပေါ်, -အောက်, -ထဲ, -ပြင်)
* how to combine particles such as -မှာ, -ပေါ် and -ထဲ to mean things like 'about/on [this topic]'
* others (-ကို, -နဲ့, မ-ဘဲ[နဲ့], -အတွက်, -ပေမဲ့/-ပေမယ်)

### conjunctions

* -ပြီး and all its variations
* -နှင့်, -လို့, -ဖို့, -အောင်

### sentence-level syntax

* subject, object marker
* reported speech
* Emphasis Particles (-ပဲ, -လေ, -လေး, -တော့, ပေါ့)
* order of particles
* other final particles (such as -စေ, -မိ, -စို့)
** analysis of some complex sentences

### Comparison Of Formal And Colloquial Speech

* Mapping Of Particles From Formal To Colloquial

### Vocabulary

* Numbers
# Meitei Culture/Philosophy

A system of philosophical thought adhering to Meitei culture is in existence since the last couple of millennia. One of the most remarkable texts of Meitei philosophy is the "Wakoklon Heelel Thilel Salai Amailon Pukok Puya" (shortly known as the Wakoklon). The seven great philosophers, better known as the "Maichou Taret" (literally, seven Maichous), are known for their priceless contributions to Meitei philosophy.
# History of Western Theatre: 17th Century to Now/Latin American 21st

Latin American drama of the new millennium has been active. A work worthy fo note is".45'" (.45 caliber, 2003) by Sergio Blanco (1971-?) from Uruguay.

## ".45 caliber"

".45 caliber". Time: 2000s. Place: Uruguay.
Ulrich Richter, co-president of the oil company, Richter & Havers, is angry that his business partner, Garret, has convinced the board of directors on reducing the price of oil without consulting him. Because of the danger Garret represents within the company, Ulrich convinces Nold Havers, the other co-president, and Nold's son, Kurt, of the need to have him murdered. He hires Basilio, an employee at his private firing range and secretly his bastard son but adopted by Jeremias, mainly responsible for preparing the firearms. Basilio succeeds in killing Garret and burying him without a trace. To consolidate power within their ranks, Ulrich forces his daughter, Elena, to marry Kurt. Ulrich's son, Evard, arrives for the wedding ceremony of his sister. Since being told he accidently shot his mother at the age of ten, when actually his father killed her at the firing range, Evard has lived aloof from business matters, to his father's disappointment. To his further grief, Evard wants to divulge he is Basilio's half-son, because the latter, unconscious of the incestuous relation, has been for several years Elena's lover. Unable to convince his son to desist, Ulrich hires Celio, another employee at the firing range, to murder him. A third employee, Fabio, informs Celio that Jeremias, whom all three employees hate, has accidently fallen down a flight of stairs and is seriously injured. Celio believes Fabio pushed him down, which the latter denies in great fear. Jealous at Kurt's happiness, Basilio murders Elena during the wedding ceremony and escapes with her dead body. When Evard catches up to Basilio, he gives up and hangs himself. On seeing Celio arrive, Evard immediately understands he is to be his father's next victim and submits himself to being shot to death. Ulrich and Nold decide to cede control of the company to Kurt. At the end of a business deal with a cardinal concerning a Renaissance painting from the Vatican, Ulrich starts feeling sick and begs him to absolve his sins during confession, but becomes anguished when the pardon comes too easily. He dies terrified at imagined flames about his person. To Fabio's disappointment, Celio, as the new boss, becomes a second Jeremias to him, a tyrant bitterly complaining about the quality of his work.
# Transport/Modes of transport
## Air

Air transport is the most modern transport. It was the last to be invented, commercially viable and popularised. An early non-commercial example was Chinese lanterns in antiquity. It is divided between lighter-than-air transport and heavier-than-air transport. Since the twentieth century it is known as aviation. Jet aircraft entered commercial use and replaced predecessors in the postwar era. Cable car transport uses land infrastructure but transportation in the air suspended from a cable. Space transport could also be loosely considered a form of air transport.

## Water

Water transport is the oldest vehicular transport. For most of history it was the fastest transport mode especially for freight. It involves the oldest artificial man-made infrastructure in the form of canals first constructed for river transport (as opposed to just irrigation) in Ancient China in the 8th to 5th Centuries BCE. But also, it operates on natural rivers and seas as far back as the canoes constructed by the Austronesian peoples in the 6th millennium BCE. Oceans were first reliably crossed in the Middle Ages technology applied to ships. Seaplanes use water infrastructure for air transport.

## Land

Land transport is the oldest form of transport as it includes walking. It includes road transport, rail transport and street infrastructure such as steps and rural infrastructure such as trails.

## Questions

Is there a case for a cable-car to be land transport? What mode is a tram, road or rail? What mode is a trackless train, road or rail? What mode is autonomous rail rapid transit? What mode is a hovercraft? What mode is a maglev?