OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Getting Your Feet Wet With Hackintosh/Using Known Working Configurations

If you want to live on the wild side of things, you can build your own computer based on other Hackintoshers' prior experience. Many people post their working builds online for other people to use. If you want a rather customizable yet stable setup, using known-working builds are your best option.

### Where can we find known working configurations?

Again, we can look into Dortania's OpenCore Install Guide for help. While it's easy to assume that any Intel PC made in the last few years should work, this isn't necessarily the case, and there are some things which may require tweaking, or in some cases, do not work at all.
This article is not yet completed!
# Getting Your Feet Wet With Hackintosh
## About this Book

This book is intended to get you started on your journey to building a Hackintosh rig. However, due to the scope of this topic, we are unable to cover each and every possible Hackintosh build; there are literally hundreds of thousands of possibilities. Therefore, you may find the links in the Resources section of this book when you become more experienced in the topic.

## Table of Contents
### Legal Information

* A Grey Area, Legally Speaking

### Hardware

* Using Pre-built Models
* Using Known Working Configurations (incomplete)
* Leaving the Beaten Path: Trying Your Own Hardware

### OS Installation

* UniBeast and Other Installation Methods

### Making Hardware Work

* USB and Other Peripherals
* Audio and Network
* Graphics
# Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nc3/2...Nf6/3. Bc4/3...Nxe4/4. Bxf7

While this is not a bad variation, it is certainly not the best. After black plays 4...Kxf7, you will take the knight and remove black's right to castle. However, you lose the bishop pair.
# Foundations of Computer Science
## Table of Contents

Introduction
* What is Computing
* Information Representation
* Algorithms and Programs
* Algorithm Design
* Algorithm Complexity
* Abstraction and Recursion
* Recursion Revisited
* Higher Order Functions
* The Internet and the Web
* Encryption
* Simulation
* Artificial Intelligence
* Limits of Computing
* Computing Machinery
* Parallel Processing
* References
# Building the Root 2 CNC Multitool Router

Building the Root 2 CNC Multitool Router is a guide to 3D printing parts, gathering parts, and assembling parts into a homebuilt CNC Multitool Router.
We will look through the best materials and methods to use in printing the router. Variations of the CNC router how that affects which parts are needed. Some basic resources where the non-printed parts can be purchased cheaply. Then finally, the assembly and testing of the CNC router. In short this is to be a step by step guide to building the entire CNC router.
The Root 2 CNC Multitool Router was created by Pete Newbery otherwise known as sailorpete on thinkiverse. Stl files for the Root 2 CNC Router can be found on thingiverse on its project page.

## Table of Contents

* Part 1: Introduction
** Frequently Asked Questions
** What Can the Router Actually Do?
** Bill of Materials and Estimated Costs
** Printing
** Where and what to Purchase of Non-Printed Parts
** Cutting Out the Base and Side Gantries
* Part 2: Building
** Assembly of X-Axis
** Assembly of Y-Axis
** Assembly of Z-Axis
** Wiring and Installation of the Electronics
** Assembly of the Spindle
* Part 3: Routing
** Calibration
** Software

## Contributors

* Original author Steven Orvis (November 2016)
# Signetics 2650 & 2636 programming/Contributions
## Welcome

As a Wikibook, anyone can contribute to it. It will be a work-in-progress for a long time. Your contributions might be anything from fixing a typo to creating a new page, or using a page's Discussion tab to raise questions or point out things that need a better explanation. If you are new to Wikibooks you can find help at Help:Contents.

## Local manual of style

There are few rules, but it is nice to have a consistent style throughout the book. There is an overriding Manual of style for Wikibooks, otherwise please try to follow the style used on similar pages or in these guidelines. But don't worry about breaking the rules as errors are easily fixed.
* Use British English.
* Use a single layer of subpages, Book_Title/Page_name — Do not nest them, Book_Title/Section/Page_name.
* Add new pages to the Contents page and to the printable version.
* Most pages should only be marked 100% complete once they have been independently reviewed and tested, and when most of the other pages are in place and everything is fully integrated with appropriate links.

## Wikicode snippets

Some common wikicode used throughout the book:
* Template for a new page:
* Template for a new tutorial code page:
* See Also hatnote:
For more general help with editing these links may help:

## Contributors

The following editors have made contributions to this Wikibook. New editors, please add yourself to the list.
* Derek Andrews - started the book
# Ruby By Examples

The book is broken down into sections. Each section deals with a Ruby language theme, giving examples, from basic to advanced. A full list of Ruby methods can be found here.

# Basics
### Strings

Example-001: String Length
Example-002: Reversing
Example-003: Single substitution
Example-004: Global substitution

### Numbers

Example-001: Use the times method to run code over and over
Example-002: Calculating absolute value

### Arrays

Example-001
Example-002
Example-003
Example-004
Example-005

### Operators
#### :: (Scope Operator)

Example-001
Example-002
Example-001
Example-002
Example-003

#### and or
# Intermediate
### Names, Variables, Constants and Symbols
# Advanced
### Sockets

Example-001
Example-002
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Evan Rosier
## Overview

Evan Rosier was one of the Death Eaters that were part of Lord Voldemort's organization. We believe that his father, only called Rosier, was also a member of the Death Eaters.

## Role in the Books
### Goblet of Fire

When Harry, Ron, and Hermione were visiting Sirius Black in his cave hide-out outside Hogwarts, Sirius mentioned that one Rosier had been one of Severus Snape's friends, and he had been killed by Aurors the year before Voldemort fell.
When Harry is looking at Dumbledore's Pensieve, one of the three scenes he witnesses is Igor Karkaroff revealing names of Death Eaters in hopes that he will get his own sentence reduced. The first name he gives is that of Evan Rosier, and he is most disappointed that it is already known to the Ministry.

### Half-Blood Prince

When Lord Voldemort, or Tom Riddle as he is then known, is seen in Albus Dumbledore's memories returning to Hogwarts to apply for the job of teacher of Defence Against the Dark Arts, Dumbledore asks him about his "friends" waiting for him in Hogsmeade. One Rosier, who we believe is Evan Rosier's father, is one of the friends mentioned by name, along with Mulciber, Nott, and Dolohov.

## Strengths

We have little information about Evan Rosier's strengths, but they likely are involved with dueling and Wizarding battle abilities.
We can assume Evan Rosier was a very strong wizard who excelled on DADA and the dark arts, since he was able to duel one of the most powerful Aurors, Alastor Moody and take one of his eyes with him before getting killed.

## Relationships with Other Characters

According to the author's genealogy chart of the Black family, Rosier Sr. was Druella Black's brother, making Evan Rosier cousins with the three Black sisters Bellatrix, Narcissa, and Andromeda.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Solar System/Mars

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second smallest (after Mercury), with a diameter of 6,794 kilometers (4,222 mi) (53% of that of Earth). Mars is one of the four terrestrial planets (planets having a solid surface). If you were standing on Mars, you would weigh just 38% of what you weigh on Earth.

## Orbit

Mars orbits the Sun once every 1.8809 Earth-years, with an orbital eccentricity of 0.093—the greatest eccentricity of any planet except Mercury. It averages 1.52 times as far from the Sun as does Earth.

## Rotation

Mars rotates about its axis prograde (in the same direction as its solar orbit) once every 24 hours 37 minutes 23 seconds. This is closer to one Earth-day than the rotational period of any other planet. Its axis is tilted by 25.19° relative to the perpendicular of its orbital plane; this is closer to Earth's axial tilt of 23.45° than that of any other planet.

## Atmosphere

Mars' atmosphere is made mostly of carbon dioxide (CO$_2$). Its atmosphere is 0.6% the pressure of Earth's atmosphere.

### Climate

The average temperature for Mars was -63 °C (-81 °F). Mars was once habitable until 3.5 billion years ago.

## Internal structure

Scientists of 19th century believed that life had gained a toehold on Mars. Canals were discovered on the red planet by Italian astronomer, Giovanni Schiaparelli in 1887. These appeared as markings on the surface of Mars. Scientists believed that these canals are constructed by intelligent beings to divert water from polar regions to the desert areas. Like Earth, Mars had seasons. In spring and summer, the colour of the dark areas of the Mars changed from bluish green to yellow. So, it was suspected that plant life thrived on Mars. However, the Mars probe, Mariner 4 sent home pictures of a lifeless planet. Ultraviolet radiation from the sun coupled with the special nature of soil prevents Life from gaining on toehold on Mars.

## Satellites
### Phobos

Phobos is the larger and closer of Mars's two satellites, with a diameter of just 26 kilometers (16 mi) along one axis and just 18 kilometers (11 mi) along another axis. Of all the moons that are their planet's largest, Phobos is the smallest both in absolute terms and relative to its planet's size.

### Deimos

Deimos has a diameter of 16 kilometers (9.9 mi) along one axis and 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) along another.

## Astronomers and Mars
### In search of Martians
#### Sojourner

Launched in 1997. It has a 2 MHz CPU and 64K of RAM. It has a camera capable of shooting photos up to 484p.

#### Spirit and Opportunity

Both launched in 2004. Both have 20 MHz RAD6000 CPUs, 128 MB of RAM and 256 MB storage. Both have cameras capable of shooting photos up to 1024p.

#### Curiosity

Launched in 2011 and landed in 2012. It is currently operating. It has 200 MHz PowerPC 750 CPU, 256 MB of RAM and 2 GB storage. It has cameras capable of shooting photos up to 1200p and video up to 720p@10.

#### Perserverance

Launched in 2020 and landed in 2021. It is currently operating. It has 200 MHz PowerPC 750 CPU, 256 MB of RAM and 2 GB storage. It has cameras capable of shooting photos up to 5K and video up to 720p@10.
# Caro-Kann Defence: Modern Variation

After the commonly-played 3...dxe4 4. Nxe4 this transposes into the main Classical Variation, as if 3.Nc3 had been played.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1.e4 c6 2.d4 d5 3.Nd2
| | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| Main Line | ... dxe4 | Nxe4 Bf5 | Ng3 Bg6 | h4 h6 | = |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.

## References

* Nunn's Chess Openings. 1999. John Nunn (Editor), Graham Burgess, John Emms, Joe Gallagher. ISBN 1-8574-4221-0.
* Modern Chess Openings: MCO-14. 1999. Nick de Firmian, Walter Korn. ISBN 0-8129-3084-3.
* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# Evolutionary Biology/Carl Linnaeus

Lando is the GOAT.

## References

* Campbell, Reece. Biology, Sixth edition. Benjamin Cummings. 2001.
* http://www.nrm.se/fbo/hist/linnaeus/linnaeus.html
* http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/linnaeus.html
# Super Mario 63/Controls

| Button | Function |
| ↑ | Jumps. |
| ← or → | eat a penies |
| ↓ | Crouches. |
| Z | Used to read signs and talk to people. |
| X | Performs a spin attack. |
| C or Space | Uses the F.L.U.D.D you have equipped. It's also used to launch Mario from cannons. |
| P | Pauses the game. While paused, you can look at the Star Map, switch your F.L.U.D.D, and change the options. |
| ⇧ Shift | Quickly switches through your F.L.U.D.D nozzles. |
| - | Zooms the camera outwards. |
| + | Zooms the camera inwards. |
| Double-tap ← or → | Moves left and right much faster. |
| ↓ then ↑ + ← or → | Does a backflip. The Left/Right Arrow you press is opposite of where Mario is facing. |
| ↑ ×2 | Performs a double jump. It is slightly higher than a regular jump. |
| ↑ ×3 | Performs a triple jump. It is higher than both a regular jump and a double jump. |
| ↓ in midair | Dives forward. Initiates flight if Mario is wearing the Wing Cap. |
| Z in midair | Performs a stomp. Can be used to destroy crates and defeat enemies. |
| X in midair | Glides. Useful for making long jumps without the assistance of F.L.U.D.D. |
# Mohawk/Pronunciation

Mohawk's orthography was standardized in 1993, but before that texts on Mohawk used many different scripts. For this course, we'll use the standard orthography, though as you'll learn this can differ based on dialect (see below)
# Greek Mythology/Titans/Kronos

Cronus or Kronos, (Greek: Κρόνος), was a Titan. The Titans were the last children born of Gaia (Goddess of the Earth) and uranos (God of the sky).
According to the tale, Gaia was angry because Uranos had imprisoned some of their eldest children in Earth's own depths. For this reason, she asked her remaining children to destroy Uranus.
Cronos was the only one of her children brave enough to take action against him. He lay in wait for his father, and when he wounded him gravely (by chopping of his penis), Cronos then took hold of his genitalia and threw them as far as the eye could see, it then landed in the sea and traces of sperm and blood combined with the sea water to make sea foam, furies and , weirdly enough, the god of love Aphrodite. After the fight, Uranos cursed him in such a way that his children, being the Olympians, as they were later to be called, would kill him and overcome him, which was true and eventually happened after the ten year war.
After driving his father away, Kronos became king of the universe and the underworld , he did this by stealing the powers of the other Titans though he never controlled the earth AKA his mother Gaia, who cowered away in the depths of Tartarus. He remained so for eons, alongside his sister and queen, Rhea. Kronos prevented it by swallowing each of his children the day they were born. But when Rhea bore her sixth child, named Zeus, she had him secretly transported to Crete.
Rhea wrapped a stone in baby's clothes, and handed it to Kronos who promptly swallowed it. Later Kronos threw up the children that he ate and then there was a 10 year war against Cronus and the other Titans. The gods eventually won and overthrew the Titans. Zeus then threw Cronus and the rest of the Titans in the pit of Tartarus.
His Roman equivalent is Saturn.
# Harmonica/Harmonica Layouts and Alternate Tunings
## Layout of chromatic harmonicas
### 12-hole chromatic, key of C
### 12-hole chromatic, key of B

Note: becomes Irish Tuning if the key position are switched

### 16-hole chromatic, key of C
## Layout of alternate tuning, diatonic harmonicas, Key of C based
### Optimized Blues Tuning
## Layout of alternate tuning, chromatic harmonicas, Key of C based
### Classical tuning
## See also

* - Spiral Tuning, Optimized Blues Tuning
# Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. f4/2...exf4/3. Nf3/3...g5/4. h4

| | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | |
| 8 | | | | | | | | | 8 |
| 7 | | | | | | | | | 7 |
| 6 | | | | | | | | | 6 |
| 5 | | | | | | | | | 5 |
| 4 | | | | | | | | | 4 |
| 3 | | | | | | | | | 3 |
| 2 | | | | | | | | | 2 |
| 1 | | | | | | | | | 1 |
| | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | |
Black's g-pawn is attacked, and the only move that saves it is 4...g4.
* 4...f6? simply loses the pawn to 5.Nxg5! since 5...fxg5 6.Qh5+ Ke7 7.Qxg5+ Nf6 8.e5 is just carnage.
* 4...h6?! is also no defence against 5.hxg5 pinning the h6-pawn.
* 4...gxh4? leaves Black with the world's most ridiculous pawn structure: doubled isolated pawns on f4, h4, f7 and h7. White doesn't even have to capture them right away; she can play something like 5.d4 if she wants to laugh at them a little longer.
* 4...Bh6 or 4...Be7 followed by 5.hxg5 Bxg5 6.d4! allows White to win the f-pawn back with the move g3 while remaining ahead in development.
Rather than saving g-pawn, Black can counter-attack in the center with 4... d5 so that White's taking g-pawn is followed by Black's taking e-pawn: 5. Nxg5 h6 6. Nh3 dxe4.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nf3 g5 4. h4
| | 4 | 5 |
| Main Line | ... g4 | Ne5 Nf6 |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.

## References

* Fundamental Chess Openings (2009). Paul van der Sterren. ISBN 1-906454-13-2.
# Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e6
## 1... e6 - French Defence

After 1. e4 Black plays e6 signifying their intent to play the French Defence. The move 1... e6 bolsters support for the coming advance d7-d5, providing Black with a good stake in the center and allowing Black to decline recapturing with the queen after the plausible continuation exd5. In most lines White will follow up with 2. d4, with Black's only serious reply to this being 2... d5 (over 154 times more popular than 2... c5 in master play.)

## Theory Table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation.
| 1. e4 e6 |
| | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Main line | d4 d5 | Nc3 Nf6 | Bg5 Be7 | e5 Nfd7 | = |
| Main line / Transposition | Nc3 d5 | d4 Nf6 | Bg5 Be7 | e5 Nfd7 | = |
| King's Indian Attack | d3 d5 | Nd2 Nf6 | Ngf3 b6 | g3 dxe4 | = |
| Two Knights Variation | Nf3 d5 | Nc3 d4 | Ne2 c5 | b4 e5 | ∞ |
| Chigorin Variation | Qe2 c5 | Nf3 Nc6 | g3 g6 | Bg2 Bg7 | = |
| Rubinstein Variation | d4 d5 | Nc3 dxe4 | Nxe4 Nd7 | Nf3 Ngf6 | -= |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.

## References

* Nunn's Chess Openings. 1999. John Nunn (Editor), Graham Burgess, John Emms, Joe Gallagher. ISBN 1-8574-4221-0.
* Modern Chess Openings: MCO-14. 1999. Nick de Firmian, Walter Korn. ISBN 0-8129-3084-3.
* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
* This Chess related article is a stub. Please assist Wikibooks by expanding it.
# Queen's Gambit Accepted
### 2...dxc4

The Queen's Gambit Accepted has a rich heritage in chess, both sides played by many of the world champions through the years. It is not really much of a gambit since white can recover the pawn immediately with 3. Qa4+, though unless white wants the queen placed on c4, this is unnecessary.
Black does better not to hold on to the pawn. Attempts to immediately support it with either 3...b5 or 3...Be6 are not advisable. 3...b5 is countered by 4. a4, threatening black's pawn chain at its base, and 3...Be6 allows 4. e4, with white grabbing a large share of the center and threatening a later d5 to kick away the bishop.
Black's biggest concern is to take advantage of the time it takes white to recover the pawn to get the pieces active and prepare for key pawn breaks in the center (usually ...c5 or ...e5). White usually has better control of the center and has an easier time developing an advantage, but must play well to achieve this. Major continuations:
* 3. Nf3 - The classical main line. White develops while maintaining some flexibility.
* 3. e4 - A newer, but explored continuation. It tends to be more immediately tactical than 3. Nf3 and puts the question to black on which plan regarding the center black wishes to pursue.
* 3. e3 - Not as aggressive as 3. e4, but otherwise similar in intention. This often transposes into 3. Nf3 lines since white ends up playing e2-e3 anyway.
* 3. Qa4+ - This is a more modern continuation. While classical theory shied away from developing the queen early, this line aims at posting the queen in an active role, similar to lines of the Catalan. This also avoids any monkey business in trying to hold on to c4.
* 3.Nc3 - This move looks misguided, as d4 and e5 are not controlled, and the knight is vulnerable to a ...b5 advance.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1. d4 d5 2. c4 dxc4
| | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| Queen's Gambit Accepted, Classical, Main Line | Nf3 Nf6 | e3 e6 | Bxc4 c5 | O-O a6 | = |
| Queen's Gambit Accepted, Gunsberg Defence | ... c5 | e3 cxd4 | Bxc4 Qc7 | Qb3 e6 | = |
| | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | Bb3 dxe3 | +/= |
| | ... ... | d5 e6 | Nc3 exd5 | Qxd5 Qxd5 | = |
| | ... ... | ... ... | e4 exd5 | exd5 Nf6 | +/= |
| Queen's Gambit Accepted, Central Variation | e4 e5 | Nf3 exd4 | Bxc4 Bb4+ | Nc6 O-O | +/= |
| | ... ... | ... ... | ... Nc6 | O-O Be6 | = |
| | ... Nf6 | e5 Nd5 | Bxc4 Nb6 | Bd3 Nc6 | +/= |
| Queen's Gambit Accepted, Old Variation | e3 Nf6 | Bxc4 e6 | Nc3 a6 | Nf3 c5 | = |
| | ... e5 | Bxc4 exd4 | exd4 Bd6 | Nf3 Nf6 | = |
| Queen's Gambit Accepted | Nc3 c6 | e3 b5 | a4 b4 | Ne4 Qd5 | +/= |
| | ... a6 | a4 Nc6 | Nf3 Nf6 | e4 Bg4 | =/+ |
| | ... ... | e3 Nf6 | Bxc4 e6 | Nf3 b5 | = |
| | Qa4+ Nc6 | Nf3 Nf6 | Nc3 Nd5 | Qxc4 Ndb4 | = |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.

## References

* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# Queen's Gambit Declined
### Blackburne Variation

White develops her bishop to f4. This just looks like a standard developing move, but it is extremely aggressive. With the bishop on f4 instead of g5, White avoids piece exchanges. She often castles queenside while Black castles kingside, leading to sharp opposite-side castling positions.
Black has nothing better to do than castle.
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
# Queen's Gambit Declined
### Three Knights Variation 4...Be7

This position is often reached from the Indian defence after white tries to avoid the Nimzo-Indian through 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 d5 4. Nc3 Be7

## Theory Table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation.
1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Nf3 Be7
| 2 |
| Bg5 ... | = |
| Bf4 ... | = |
| cxd5 ... | = |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
# Queen's Gambit Declined
### Blackburne Variation

Black castles. White has no alternative to 6. e3
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
# Luigi's Mansion/Boos

These are the fifty Boos (not including King Boo) that Luigi can capture around the mansion for a Gold Diamond reward. Doing so is optional, and only contributes to rank and type of mansion that Luigi earns at the end of the game.
| Name | Description |
| BamBoo | |
| Bootha | |
| GameBoo Advance | A reference to the GameBoy Advance. |
| TaBoo | |
| Boolicious | |
| TurBoo | |
| Boo la la | |
| Game Boo | |
| Kung Boo | |
| Boogie | |
| GumBoo | |
| PeekaBoo | A reference to the phrase Peekaboo. |
| Boomero | |
| Booligan | |
| Boodalicious | |
| Booregard | |
| Mr. Boojangles | |
| Showerbody | Typo? |
| Limbooger | |
| Boonswoggle | |
| Boohoo | |
| Shamboo | |
| Booris | |
| Booigi | A reference to Luigi, the player character. |
| Little Boo Peep | |
| Boolossus | |
| Boo B. Hatch | |
| Borripedas | |
| Boomerang | |
| Six O' Clock Boos | |
| Booliva | |
| Boonita | |
| UnderBoo's | |
| Tamboorine | |
| Boofant | |
| Boolderdash | |
| Bootique | |