OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Non-Programmer's Tutorial for Python 3/Front matter

All example Python source code in this tutorial is granted to the public domain. Therefore you may modify it and relicense it under any license you please. Since you are expected to learn programming, the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license would require you to keep all programs that are derived from the source code in this tutorial under that license. Since the Python source code is granted to the public domain, that requirement is waived.
This tutorial is more or less a conversion of Non-Programmer's Tutorial for Python 2.6. Older versions and some versions in Korean, Spanish, Italian and Greek are available from http://jjc.freeshell.org/easytut/
The Non-Programmers' Tutorial For Python 3 is a tutorial designed to be an introduction to the Python programming language. Originally, this guide is for someone with no programming experience. However, it does take a few shortcuts here and there. If you're confused at some point, try one of the other Python tutorials linked below. Be sure to come back to improve this Wikibook though! ;-)
If you have programmed in other languages I recommend the Python Tutorial for Programmers written by Guido van Rossum.
If you have any questions or comments please use the discussion pages or see Authors page for author contact information. I welcome questions and comments about this tutorial. I will try to answer any questions you have as best I can.
Thanks go to James A. Brown for writing most of the Windows install info. Thanks also to Elizabeth Cogliati for complaining enough :) about the original tutorial (that is almost unusable for a non-programmer), for proofreading, and for many ideas and comments on it. Thanks to Joe Oppegaard for writing almost all the exercises. Thanks to everyone I have missed.

### Other resources

* Python Home Page
* Python 3 Documentation
* Official Python tutorial
* A Byte of Python by Swaroop C H
* Another free beginners Python tutorial (Python Land)
* Porting to Python 3: An in-depth guide
# Non-Programmer's Tutorial for Python 3/FAQ
## How do I make a GUI in Python?

    You can use one of these library: TKinter, PyQt, PyGobject. For really simple graphics, you can use the turtle graphics mode import turtle

## How do I make a game in Python?

    The best method is probably to use PyGame at http://pygame.org/

## How do I make an executable from a Python program?

    Short answer: Python is an interepreted language so that is impossible. Long answer is that something similar to an executable can be created by taking the Python interpreter and the file and joining them together and distributing that. For more on that problem see http://www.python.org/doc/faq/programming/#how-can-i-create-a-stand-alone-binary-from-a-python-script

## (IFAQ) Why do you use first person in this tutorial?

    Once upon a time in a different millennia, (1999 to be exact), an earlier version was written entirely by Josh Cogliati, and it was up on his webpage http://www.honors.montana.edu/~jjc/easytut and it was good. Then the server rupert, like all good things than have a beginning came to an end, and Josh moved it to Wikibooks, but the first person writing stuck. If someone really wants to change it, I will not revert it, but I don't see much point. (The webpage has since moved to http://jjc.freeshell.org/easytut/ and http://jjc.freeshell.org/easytut3/ )

## My question is not answered.

    Ask on the discussion page or add it to this FAQ, or email one of the Authors.
For other FAQs, you may want to see the Python 2.6 version of this page Non-Programmer's Tutorial for Python 2.6/FAQ, or the Python FAQ.
# Non-Programmer's Tutorial for Python 3/For Loops

With a for loop, we can repeat a piece of code. Let's look at an example:
The output of this code looks as follows:
The output looks awfully familiar but the program code looks different. The first line uses the range function. The range function uses two arguments like this range(start, finish). start is the first number that is produced. finish is one larger than the last number. Note that this program could have been done in a shorter way:
The range function returns an iterable. This can be converted into a list with the list function. which will then be the dominant number.
Here are some examples to show what happens with the range command:
The next line for count in one_to_ten: uses the for control structure. A for control structure looks like for variable in list:. list is gone through starting with the first element of the list and going to the last. As for goes through each element in a list it puts each into variable. That allows variable to be used in each successive time the for loop is run through. Here is another example (you don't have to type this) to demonstrate:
The output is:
Notice how the for loop goes through and sets item to each element in the list. So, what is for good for? The first use is to go through all the elements of a list and do something with each of them. Here's a quick way to add up all the elements:
with the output simply being:
Or you could write a program to find out if there are any duplicates in a list like this program does:
and for good measure:
Okay, so how does it work? Here is a special debugging version to help you understand (you don't need to type this in):
with the output being:
The reason I put so many print statements in the code was so that you can see what is happening in each line. (By the way, if you can't figure out why a program is not working, try putting in lots of print statements in places where you want to know what is happening.) First the program starts with a boring old list. Next the program sorts the list. This is so that any duplicates get put next to each other. The program then initializes a prev(ious) variable. Next the first element of the list is deleted so that the first item is not incorrectly thought to be a duplicate. Next a for loop is gone into. Each item of the list is checked to see if it is the same as the previous. If it is a duplicate was found. The value of prev is then changed so that the next time the for loop is run through prev is the previous item to the current. Sure enough, the 7 is found to be a duplicate. (Notice how \t is used to print a tab.)
The other way to use for loops is to do something a certain number of times. Here is some code to print out the first 9 numbers of the Fibonacci series:
with the surprising output:
Everything that can be done with for loops can also be done with while loops but for loops give an easy way to go through all the elements in a list or to do something a certain number of times.
# Non-Programmer's Tutorial for Python 3/Dealing with the imperfect
### closing files with with

We use the "with" statement to open and close files.
If some sort of error happens anywhere in this code (one of the files is inaccessible, the parse function chokes on corrupt data, etc.) the "with" statements guarantee that all the files will eventually be properly closed. Closing a file just means that the file is "cleaned up" and "released" by our program so that it can be used in another program.

### catching errors with try

So you now have the perfect program, it runs flawlessly, except for one detail, it will crash on invalid user input. Have no fear, for Python has a special control structure for you. It's called try and it tries to do something. Here is an example of a program with a problem:
Notice how when you enter @#& it outputs something like:
As you can see the int function is unhappy with the number @#& (as well it should be). The last line shows what the problem is; Python found a ValueError. How can our program deal with this? What we do is first: put the place where errors may occur in a try block, and second: tell Python how we want ValueErrors handled. The following program does this:
Now when we run the new program and give it @#& it tells us "That was not a number." and continues with what it was doing before.
When your program keeps having some error that you know how to handle, put code in a try block, and put the way to handle the error in the except block.

### Exercises

Update at least the phone numbers program (in section Dictionaries) so it doesn't crash if a user doesn't enter any data at the menu.
* ↑ "The 'with' statement"
* ↑ 'The Python "with" Statement by Example'
# Non-Programmer's Tutorial for Python 3/Decisions
### If statement

As always, I believe I should start each chapter with a warm-up typing exercise, so here is a short program to compute the absolute value of an integer:
Here is the output from the two times that I ran this program:
So what does the computer do when it sees this piece of code? First it prompts the user for a number with the statement "n = int(input("Number? "))". Next it reads the line "if n < 0:". If n is less than zero Python runs the line "print("The absolute value of", n, "is", -n)". Otherwise it runs the line "print("The absolute value of", n, "is", n)".
More formally Python looks at whether the expression n < 0 is true or false. An if statement is followed by an indented block of statements that are run when the expression is true. Optionally after the if statement is an else statement and another indented block of statements. This second block of statements is run if the expression is false.
There are a number of different tests that an expression can have. Here is a table of all of them:
| operator | function |
| < | less than |
| <= | less than or equal to |
| > | greater than |
| >= | greater than or equal to |
| == | equal |
| != | not equal |
Another feature of the if command is the elif statement. It stands for else if and means if the original if statement is false but the elif part is true, then do the elif part. And if neither the if or elif expressions are true, then do what's in the else block. Here's an example:
and the output:
Notice how the elif a <= 3 is only tested when the if statement fails to be true. There can be more than one elif expression, allowing multiple tests to be done in a single if statement.

### Examples

And the output
high_low.py
Sample run:
even.py
Sample runs:
average1.py
Sample runs:
average2.py
Sample runs:

### Exercises

Write a program that asks the user their name, if they enter your name say "That is a nice name", if they enter "John Cleese" or "Michael Palin", tell them how you feel about them ;), otherwise tell them "You have a nice name."
Modify the higher or lower program from this section to keep track of how many times the user has entered the wrong number. If it is more than 3 times, print "That must have been complicated." at the end, otherwise print "Good job!"
Write a program that asks for two numbers. If the sum of the numbers is greater than 100, print "That is a big number."
# Methods, "rules" and work processes

The project-related podcast is called "Bildungsshaker" and is published on our website. For accessibility we provide the transcripts of the episodes. The Bildungsshaker podcast uses the sound file "Shakerrhythm" by Acrobaticks, which is released under CC0 license. Technically, our podcast is realized with the open source software Podlove and Audacity. Everyone can subscribe to our podcast.
All episodes of our podcast can be found on our website. The podcast is published under a CC-BY 4.0 license, exact license information can be found under each respective episode.
# Kickoff, issues and topic priorities

Our Blog keeps readers up to date and provides detailed information about the project. Accordingly, the new contributions will appear as soon as possible after an event has taken place or to inform about a forthcoming event. In addition, our blog contains current scientific publications, contributions on open practices and episodes of our podcast.

# Methods, "rules" and work processess

The blog posts can be found on our website and are arranged chronologically (from the most recent to the older posts). The blue headings classify the posts in different categories:
* General
* General/Events
* MSD Cologne/Events
* Podcast episodes
* Scientific publications
* OpenLab
* Open practices
* Open practices/events
Every blog post has a comment function so that readers can contact us directly.

# Participants

Only the members of our project who have access to the website can publish the contributions in our blog. Anyone interested can read and comment on our blog.
# OMS Manual
## 'Welcome to the OMSLife wiki!!'

Our purpose of the OMS wiki is to guide new patients and families who are facing a battle against Opsoclonus Myoclonus Syndrome (OMS). This wiki is developed with the help of many OMS warriors and their families. Many of these people continue to go through the battle.
Please remember that you are not alone in this battle. We are here to help!
For more information, you can find us on FaceBook at OMSLife or visit our website at

## Table of contents

* Chapter_1 Tell me about Opsoclonus Myoclonus Syndrome (OMS)
* Chapter_2 Medical Terminology of OMS – Glossary of Terms
* Chapter_3 Symptoms
* Chapter_4 Onset
* Chapter_5 Diagnosis and Hospitalization
* Chapter_6 Questions for your Doctor
* Chapter_7 OMS Doctors
* Chapter_8 Medical Treatments
* Chapter_9 Relapses & Flares
* Chapter_10 Standard Therapies for OMS Warriors
* Chapter_11 OMS Caregiver Conferences
* Chapter_12 Social Media
* Chapter_13 TBD
* Chapter_14 Insurance and Medicaid
* Chapter_15 Diet
* Chapter_16 Sleep
* Chapter_17 Behavior
* Chapter_18 Schools and Education Resources
* Chapter_19 Adult OMS
* Chapter_20 State Services
* Chapter_21 Federal, Local, and Private Agencies
* Chapter_22 Medical Options
* Chapter_23 Medical Publications
* Chapter_24 Other Medical Resources
* Chapter_25 OMS Caregiver Conference and Workshop Presentations
* Chapter_26 Best Bets
* Chapter_27 OMS Caregivers Tips and Tricks
* Chapter_28 Alternative / Holistic Treatments
* Chapter_29 TEST
* Help
OUR DISCLAIMER:
# OMS Manual/Chapter 11

This chapter is currently under construction. We hope to have this done very soon:
# OMS Manual/Chapter 12

This chapter is currently under construction. We hope to have this done very soon:
# Pinyin/Confirm

See also
# Pinyin/Conjoined Twins

Conjoined twins is a rare pregnancy phenomenon, it is formed by the splitting of a single zygote. What is different from monozygotic twins in normal pregnancy process, is that zygote is not completely separated within the first two weeks, partially separated zygote continue to mature, resulting in a conjoined fetus. This usually happen approximately at the first two weeks of pregnancy, the karyotypes, sex, blood types, hair colours, fingerprints, etc. of the two fetuses are all the same. There is about a case of conjoined twins per 100 thousand pregnancies, most conjoined twins die within the embryonic period, the success rate of childbirth only is one per 200 thousand.
Liántǐrén shì yīgè hǎnjiàn de huáiyùn xiànxiàng, tā shì yóu dāndú de yīgè shòujīngluǎn fēnliè érchéng. Yǔ zhèngcháng de dānluǎn shuāngbāotāi huáiyùn guòchéng bùtóng de shì, shòujīngluǎn zài zuìchū liǎnggè xīngqī nèi méi néng wánquán fēnlí, júbù fènlí de shòujīngluǎn jìxù chéngshú, jiéguǒ jiù xíngchéngle yīgè liántǐ de tāi'ér. Zhè yībān fāshēng zài huáiyùn de zuìchū liǎnggè xīngqī zuǒyòu, liǎnggè tāi'ér de rǎnsètǐhéxíng, xìngbié, xuèxíng, máofǎ yánsè, zhǐwén děng dōu xiāngtóng. Měi 10 wàn gè huáiyùn yuē yǒu yīgè liántǐtāi'ér bìnglì, duōshù liántǐtāi'ér sǐ yú pēitāiqī, fēnmiǎn chénggōnglǜ zhǐyǒu 20 wàn fēnzhī yī.
# Pinyin/Connective

See also
# Pinyin/Consider

See also
# Pinyin/Constructing

* jiahnzaoh
* jiahnzaoh zhong d
# Pinyin/Confidence

See also
# Pinyin/Constipation

See also
# Pinyin/Considered

See also
# OC Photography Program
## Contents
### About the OC Photography Program

    The Open Content Photography Program is being built to help people to learn professional photography. It is not a book about photography, it's a book about learning photography on your own.

### Art History for Photographers

    For photographers art history is very important to keep an open mind, and to know the evolution of other arts that can be considered forerunners of photography.

### Photography History

    By studying the masters we can learn a lot about photography. Each of them has important lessons to teach the photography student.

### Fundamentals of Photographic Technique

    Traditional and digital photography techniques have a lot in common. Whatever tools you use, it's important to understand the fundamental techniques of the medium.

### The Light

    Photographia, in Greek, literally means "writing of light". Understanding, and sometimes controlling light is a very important task for photographers.

### Traditional Darkroom

    Does a traditional darkroom make sense in a digital age? It is an excellent way to learn photography. Also, traditionally produced images still carry a cachet for some galleries and collectors.

### Digital Photography

    In commercial photography, personal photography and fine art, digital photography brought new possibilities.

### Digital Cameras

    Choosing a digital camera can be a difficult task, so knowing the particular uses to which it is to be put is important.

### Digital Darkroom

    The "digital darkroom" is what photographers call the computer software they use to process images. Knowing how to use digital tools is essential for a practicing photographer today.

### Commercial Practices

    The difference between being a good photographer and a good professional photographer is not technical but commercial.
# OC Photography Program/About
## Learn

The "Open Content Photography Program" was created to help people learn professional photographic techniques and practices. While much of it is about the fundamentals of photography, it is also meant to teach ways in which photography can be practiced as a business. Open Content means anyone can, not just read it, but also improve it. Feel free to add articles, useful links and information; the more people contribute, the better the program will become. Thoughtful contributions are a great way to both teach and learn, and help both teachers and students improve.

## Free

The Open Content Photography Program is free, and it will always be free.

## Disciplines

* Advertising
* Architectural
* Editorial
* Fine Art
* Photojournalism
* Portrait
* Sports
* Wedding and event

## Open Contents

Open Contents means anyone can improve this book, adding content, changing content or deleting bad content.

## Contribute

The only contribution this book needs, is that you share what you know best about photography education.

## Anti-Spam controls

People who have an interest in this book are watching its evolution, and they will delete any content that is not appropriate.

## Vandalism

If anyone can edit it anyone can delete it, right? Yes, but its very easy to undelete it.

## Correct content

Exact content depends on two things: First, write only about what you know. Second, correct or delete content only if you are absolutely sure it is not correct.

## Stable Versions

Sometimes, for safety purposes, the content of this book will be saved in another website. Anyone will be able to access that website. No stable version is ready yet.

## Copyright

Copyrights
# OC Photography Program/Digital Cameras

Informations about digital cameras is a very specific subject and can be found in one of this websites:
* Dpreview is one of the most complete and reliable websites for testing digital cameras.
* DcResource is "blog" organized and can give you a lot of info about the news in camera manufacturing.
* Steves Digicams do you want a second opinion? Ask Steves.
* The Imaging Resource In depth reviews on most cameras out there.
# OCR Advanced GCE in Chemistry/Periodic Table: Transition elements/I don't get this?

At AS level we learnt the following about writing electronic configurations:
* We write the configuration showing the numbers of electrons in each sub-shell
* An s sub-shell contains 2 electrons, a p 6 and a d 10
* Each successive shell contains one more sub-shell (e.g. shell 1 only has an s sub-shell, shell 2 has an s sub-shell and a p sub-shell)
* The 4s sub-shell fills and empties before the 3d subshell (very important in this topic)
* If the configuration is really long we can use a core and then add the extra electrons on the end e.g. using an argon core for scandium - [Ar] 3d$^1$ 4s$^2$
# OC Photography Program/Resources

Most resources are recommended on the related pages. Here are the resources who aren't related with just one subject, or that are not covered by this book.
* Agfa Net Great resource page with lots of information for starters and students.
* Photo District News Magazine and webpage, dedicated to photography as a business.
* Flickr Create your own photoblog, an easy way to share your photography with anyone. There's a great photographers community who displays their photos here.
# Novial/AIL Occidental
## Occidental

A little more space must be given to E. de Wahl, who had for many years given much thought to the problem, which he had followed through all the phases of Volapük, Esperanto, Idiom Neutral, Reform-Neutral, Ido, before bringing out his own Occidental in 1922. The name indicates his principal idea: he wants to make a language for use in the Occidental world with no immediate thought of catering for the people of the Orient, and he therefore bases his scheme on the Occidental languages, chiefly the Romanic ones. This of course is what most recent interlinguists have done, though perhaps not so consistently and consciously as de Wahl; but what is in his own eyes the chief merit of Occidental, is the way in which the formation of words has been built up on the actual use of suffixes, etc., used in the existing modern languages. It forms in that respect a continuation of Neutral and especially of Rosenberger's Reform-Neutral, but is based on more thorough study. He thus does away with the arbitrary word elements of the other languages, but in his pronounced endeavour to have "natural" forms he is obliged largely to abandon ease and regularity of formation, admitting in many cases two root-forms for the same word to be used in different derivatives, e.g. vid "see", vis-ion; curr- "run", curs-iv. It is true that in this way he obtains not a few words which when framed according to his rules agree with the forms actually found in many languages; but in spite of the rules being more complicated than is usual in a constructed language he does not in every case obtain perfect agreement with the forms in national languages; in a few pages I find, for instance, the following words: scrition, analysation, interprension (enterprise), descovrition, which have no equivalents in existing languages. (Other examples will be mentioned in the special part.) The countless irregularities in the word-formation of national languages make it impossible to follow them through thick and thin in a language whose raison d'être should be that it is essentially easier than existing languages: perfect regularity and perfect naturalness cannot possibly be combined, we must compromise here and there, but as I hope to show in Part II, it is possible to much more natural forms than those of Ido, and yet at the same time a much greater regularity than is found in Occidental. Through regularity of word-formation we take into consideration the interests of those who know only their own language - but I am afraid that when Occidental is praised as very easy, it is chiefly by people who are already familiar with two or three of the great European languages.