OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Question Writer Manual/About Questions/Scoring Questions
## Scoring Questions

As you enter each question you can assign the points awarded for that question. This allows you to apply a different weighting to each question. You can also choose whether or not to display the points awarded for each question in Quiz Options - Question Options - General Question Properties.
You set the pass score for the quiz as a percentage of the overall mark by entering the percentage as a number in the Quiz Details properties.
* Partial Credit style questions allow you to assign different points for different answer options. Negative points for answer options can also be awarded this way. You can also choose whether those negative points are set against the overall points for a quiz by checking the Allow Overall Negative Marks box in the Question Scoring Options section of Question Options in the Quiz properties.
* Partial credit scoring can also be used with Matching and Sequencing questions to allow you to award partial credit for partially correct answers in these question types. The partial credit scoring for Matching questions is straightforward enough - it is proportional to the number of correct matches the quiz-takers makes.
* When Partial Credits are applied to sequencing questions you can give most of the marks where the quiz-taker knows the basics and extra credit for those fully in command of the topic. The scoring is based on correct relative pairs; the number of possible pairs depends on the number of elements or choices. If you have 6 elements you will have 15 possible relative pairs. The scoring works by subtracting the number of incorrect pairs from the number of correct pairs and maps it to the number of points available for the question. The mark is given rounded to the nearest whole number. For more detail on how this works see the February 2008 blog posting.
* Multiple Scores
* Question Writer 4 lets you define multiple scores for all question types - except Explanation or Essay type questions where there is no automatic scoring. You can use this to show the scores for different topics within a quiz or keep track of different factors in a Myers-Briggs type questionnaire.
* Right click on a question to add one or more scores to the question and give the score a name in the properties box. Question Writer will track the overall score for the quiz but you will also be able to reference scores defined by name when showing feedback or displaying scores on screen.
* Scores can also be evaluated according to your set conditions and Custom Feedback can be shown according to the values of different scores.
* You can read some more about multiple scores in this August 2011 blog article.
# Question Writer Manual/About Questions/Plugins
## Plugins

* The plugin question type allows for an unlimited number of question types. Anything that can be programmed in Flash (up to version 8) can be used as a question type. Plugin Questions allow you to ask any type of question, with any type of layout or display, and any type of scoring logic.
* Plugin Questions can also use content that is entered in Question Writer. This means that a programmer is only required to create the initial question type – the content can be supplied through the usual Question Writer interface. And once a Plugin Question is created, it can be used over and over again in different quizzes
* Three sample Plugin Questions are provided with Question Writer. Check in the samples directory to open the 'PluginQuestions.qwz' file in Question Writer. View the quiz here, to see how the questions integrate seamlessly into a quiz.
Plugin Questions are created as .swf files - this file contains all the layout code and scoring logic. Question Writer then provides the file with the parameters and options of the question. Take the Horizontal Slider Plugin Question provided with Question Writer for example.
The parameters are used to tell it the maximum and minimum values that the slider can take and whether to display the slider's current value. The first option is used to provide a background graphic, and the second option is used to provide the slider button. In this way, the Plugin Question is programmed once, but virtually any type of slider can be created with it using the parameters and options.
To create your own Plugin Question, you'll need the services of a Flash programmer. The interface is described in Plugin Question Requirements, and you can also download the source code (.fla) to a sample Plugin Question (The Cycle Plugin Question) as a basis to work from.
# Question Writer Manual/About Questions/Question Evaluation
## Custom Feedback

* With Custom Feedback an evaluation is made of the answer given and feedback is displayed depending on the evaluation. The evaluation usually checks a score against a particular value, and feedback is displayed depending on whether or not conditions that you have set are met.
* In this example the aim is to show separate feedback for different groups of questions. The questions have been labelled as either Geography or History and the feedback shows the scores that the quiz taker has achieved in each group as well as the overall score. This indicates potential areas of weakness.
* NB There are no conditions set so the evaluation is always true and the feedback is always shown.
* The second piece of feedback evaluates the geography score, and if it is less than 20, the condition evaluates to 'true' and so displays the simple message.
* The third piece of feedback does the same, but for the history score.
* The Condition can contain And, Or and Not nodes, so evaluations can take place that depend on multiple scores, or one thing being true and another being false, or any one of a number of things being true. The feedback can also redirect the user to another part of the quiz - maybe to bounce the user back into the question if he answered incorrectly, or to skip a question based on a response given by the user. You can find out more about this in Skipping and Branching.
* You can try out this sample quiz in your browser or download the source file (.qwz)to have a close look at the set up.
# Question Writer Manual/About Questions/Question Metadata
## Question Metadata

* Metadata is data about data. It is useful if you are organising a lot of questions, you can use metadata to describe each question. You can add Metadata to any question by right clicking while your mouse is over the question in the Action Pane and selecting the add option. The metadata properties window will open and you can add four metadata elements to the question:
* Title
* Description
* Identifier
* Keywords
* The question will then appear with the blue circle information icon below it in the quiz tree.
The Title you use in the metadata will be used as an identifier for the question in the Question Writer Tracker as well as when setting conditions to evaluate scores for Custom Feedback.
# Question Writer Manual/About Questions/Question Options
## Question Options

* Question Options allows you to offer different types of content as answer options. For example you could ask a user to sequence a list of images, or match images to names or use animations of sounds as options for answers. You can add Options to the Partial Credit, Matching, Sequencing and Plugin question types.
* To add an option you right click on the question and choose Add - Option. You can then add text, images, sounds or animations. Here is a link to a short quiz on British Design Classics featuring the options feature
* Question Writer still uses the text answers you have defined but adds the options. For matching question types, each match follows the choice. The plugin questions can be programmed to use the option content in any way. For example the Horizontal Slider Plugin Question uses the first option as the slider background and the second option as the slider button.
* Here is a step by step description of how to add images to a matching question.
* First add your question, it must be either a Partial Credit, Matching, Sequencing or Plugin question types but for this example we are using a matching question.
* In the question properties you can type in the Question, eg “Match the colours to the images?” You do not need to add any text into the choices or matches fields.
* The next step is to add options to the Question. With your mouse over the question, right click and select Add and then, from the drop down list that appears, select Option
* You need to add an option for each possible answer option you want to give, ie the choice and it’s respective match.
* After you have added your first option you can add your image to that option. So with your mouse on the option, right click and select Add and then Image
* You can then add the option to match with that image, eg a text option, though it could be another image or a sound.
* When you have added all your choices and matches you can preview your question.
# Question Writer Manual/About Questions/Question Types
## Question Types

* Multiple Choice
* Multiple Response
* True or False
* Fill in the Blank
* Sequencing
* Matching
* Essay
* Partial Credit
* Explanation
* Plugins
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# Question Writer Manual/About Questions/Question Display
## Question Display

You can choose how much information is displayed with each question by ticking the appropriate boxes in Question Options, General Question Properties or amending the text displayed via Other Labels - both sections of the Quiz Properties.
# Radiation Oncology/NSCLC/Recurrent

| Front Page: Radiation Oncology | RTOG Trials | Edit this |
| NSCLC: Main Page | Overview | Anatomy | Screening | Early Stage Operable | Early Stage Inoperable | Locally Advanced Unresectable | Locally Advanced Resectable | Palliation | Brachytherapy | PCI | Miscellaneous | Large cell neuroendocrine | Level I Evidence | |

## Non-small cell lung cancer Recurrence

* MD Anderson; 2017 PMID 28259750 -- "Long-Term Outcomes of Salvage Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy for Isolated Lung Recurrence of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Phase II Clinical Trial." (Sun B, J Thorac Oncol. 2017 Jun;12(6):983-992. doi: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.02.018. Epub 2017 Mar 1.)
** Phase II. 59 patients with isolated NSCLC local recurrence or lung parenchyma metastasis <=3 cm. Prior definitive treatment. Median age 70 years. SABR 50/4. Median F/U 4.8 years
** Outcome: Re-recurrence 32%. 5-year local failure 5%, regional failure 10%, DM 22%. 5-year PFS 41%. 5-year OS 56%
** Toxicity: Grade 3+ 5%; no Grade 4-5 events
** Conlusion: Salvage SABR provides excellent control with minimal toxicity
# Rueda de Casino/Príncipe Bueno

El Principe Bueno is an Enchufa but at the end before you switch partners the man kisses the woman's hand.
# Rueda de Casino/Sombrero
### Sombrero

* Pronunciation: som-brAIR-oh
* English: Hat
* Related commands: Noventa
Summary: video (Media Noche). Hold both hands, right over left, and turn her to her left, then move your left arm over your head, and your right over hers
Description:
Hold both hands, right over left, and turn her to her left, walking around her, clockwise, until you have switched places, then, keeping hold of both hands, bring your left arm over your own head, and your right arm over her head, then Dile Que No.
There is a double version of this, called Sombrero Complicado.
# Rugby Union

Rugby union is a form of rugby. It is played on a field similar to a football field. It is very fun to play.

## Contents

* Introduction
* Positions
** Prop
** Hooker
** Lock
** Flanker
** 8-man
** Scrum Half
** Fly Half
** Centre
** Wing
** Fullback
* Rules
** ELVs
# Rueda de Casino/Tarrito
### Tarrito

* Pronunciation: tah-rrEE-toh
* English: Cheat on her (literally small horn)
* Related commands: Dame
Summary: video (Media Noche). Lift your left arm and walk under it to the next follower
Description:
This move is from the initial position (leaders facing anticlockwise).
The leader lifts his left arm and passes underneath it to the next follower, anticlockwise. After un tarrito, continue with the move you were doing before, e.g., para el medio, arriba or abajo.
It can often help if the caller calls out the previous move again, just so that leaders don't forget.
# Rugby Union/Flanker

There are 2 flankers on the field for each team. They hold onto the sides of the scrum and are usually very fast.

## Responsibilities
### In the Scrum

* Push back the opposing team
* Be ready to break off quickly to tackle the other team
* Help keep the ball in the scrum using your feet

### In General Play

* Be a tackler
** Flankers are very defensive, they do a lot of tackling
** Mark everyone on the other team, big or small
* Be active in the ruck
* Follow the ball to support the runner

### In the Lineout

* Be ready to tackle the other team if they win the ball
# Rugby Union/Hooker

The hooker stands in between the props in the front row of the scrum. They also throw the ball in for lineouts.

## Responsibilities
### In the Scrum

* Hook the ball back with their feet
** This includes trying to steal the ball from the opponents, as well as:
** Hooking the ball back on your teams put-in.
* Help push the other team back once the ball has been hooked

### In General Play

* Follow the ball around, to support the runner
* Be ready to run the ball into the other team's defense
* Be ready to tackle the other team's big players
* Be active in the ruck.

### In Lineouts

* Call the play
* Make a good throw-in
# Rugby Union/Introduction

Rugby union is a very fun game played outdoors. It is full contact, and is seen as very violent by a lot of people. There are 2 main types of rugby: rugby union and rugby league. Rugby is played throughout the world, particularly in England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, France, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Italy and Argentina.

## Equipment

Unlike American football, rugby players wear very small amounts of equipment. They usually have only a jersey, rugby socks, rugby cleats, and a mouthguard. Practises usually use simple drills, that only need equipment like pylons and a ball. The rugby ball looks very different from other kinds of balls. It is fatter than an American football, but it has a lot more grip.

### The Ground

Often called a pitch, the rugby ground must be safe to play on and may consist of grass, sand, clay, snow or artificial turf. The playing area is rectangular in shape. The side length of the field of play is 94-100 meters from one goal line to the other, with the in-goal area extending 6-22 meters from the goal line to the dead-ball line. The width of the playing area is 68-70 meters across from one touchline to the other. At either end of the field, centered on the goal line, are goal posts, which consist of two posts and a crossbar. The inside of the posts are 5.6 meters apart and the posts have a minimum height requirement of 3.4 meters. The top of the crossbar should be 3 meters from the ground. When padding is attached to the goal posts, the distance from the goal line to the external edge of the padding must not exceed 0.3 meters.

## Moving the Ball

You cannot throw the ball forward in rugby, it always has to go backwards. You can kick the ball at anytime, but you have to be careful of offsides. Offside rules will be explained in the rules section.

## Scoring

A try is scored by taking the ball into the end zone, and touching it down on the ground. A try is worth 5 points. After a try, the team kicker will kick the ball for an extra point. The place the kicker kicks the ball from depends on where the try was scored. You can also score a drop goal at any time in the game. All you have to do is drop the ball, and kick it once it bounces off the ground. If the ball goes through the uprights, your team gets three points. Finally, you can score penalty kicks. If the other team gets a penalty (your team gets the ball), you can kick for posts. The referee will set up a tee for you at the place where the penalty happened. If the ball is kicked through the uprights, your team scores three points.
# Rueda de Casino/Príncipe Malo

El Principe Malo is an Enchufa but at the end before you switch partners the man playfully slaps the woman's hand.
# Rugby Union/8-man

The 8-man stands at the very back of the scrum. There is only one on the field for a team at one time.

## Responsibilities
### In the Scrum

* Organize the scrum's push
** Often the forward captain
* Control the ball when it comes back
* Protect the scrum half when s/he is passing

### In General Play

* Follow the ball around, to support the runner
* Be ready to run the ball into the other team's defense
* Be ready to tackle the other team's big players
* Be active in the ruck

### In the Lineout

* Stands at the back of the lineout
** Often the tackler when the other team throws in/steals the lineout
# Rugby Union/Centre

In rugby union, centres are a pair of back line players that are the back bone of the back line.

## Responsibilities

* Tackling opposite centres
* Calling out space to play the ball
* Breaking defensive lines
# Radiation Oncology/Supportive care/Thromboembolism

* Front Page: Radiation Oncology | RTOG Trials | Randomized Trials

## Brain Metastases

* Brain hemorrhage risk higher with brain mets and anticoagulation
* Treatment is thus a judgment call between risk of brain hemorrhage vs. risk of death/complications from thromboembolism
* MSKCC data suggests <10% risk of significant CNS complications on anticoagulation. Caution with hemorrhagic histologies
* It is important not to reach supratherapeutic levels; LMWH is probably safer from that perspective
* Gamma Knife treatment is not considered a contraindication
* MSKCC, 1994 PMID 8293418 -- "Therapy of venous thromboembolism in patients with brain metastases." (Schiff D, Cancer. 1994 Jan 15;73(2):493-8.)
** Retrospective. 51 patients, 10 treated with IVC, 39 treated with anticoagulation, 2 not treated (both died of PE)
** IVCF: 4/10 recurrent nonfatal thromboembolic events (2 PEs, 2 DVTs) -> 3/4 required secondary anticoagulation
** Anticoagulation: 39 as primary therapy + 3 secondary after IVCF failure. 2/42 patients devastating CNS hemorrhage in the setting of supratherapeutic anticoagulation, 1/42 minor deterioration (overall 7% incidence of CNS complications on anticoagulation). 3/42 asymptomatic with hyperdensity on CT
** Conclusion: Anticoagulation more effective than IVC. Acceptably safe when maintained within therapeutic range
Review
* Hopkins, 2006 PMID 16525187 -- "Management of venous thromboembolism in patients with primary and metastatic brain tumors." (Gerber DE, J Clin Oncol. 2006 Mar 10;24(8):1310-8.)
** Anticoagulation can be used safely and effectively for most patients; IC hemorrhage often due to overanticoagulation
** High risk patients: thrombocytopenia, recent neurosurgery, tumor types prone to bleeding (renal cell, melanoma, choriocarcinoma, thyroid cancer) are relative contraindication
** Mechanical approaches have high complication rate and high failure rates, but can be used if cannot anti-coagulate
** Antithrombolytic agents are absolute contraindication
** Treatment recommendation:
*** High risk (craniotomy within 3-5 days, high risk histology, recent bleeding): IVCF
*** Acute/progressive symptoms: mini-heparin bolus (40 U/kg IV) or full heparin bolus (80 U/kg IV) for 24 hours depending on severity of TE symptoms. Careful monitoring of therapeutic level. Then long-term LMWH or warfarin
*** Standard risk (eg DVT): IV heparin (no bolus) for 24 hours, then long-term LMWH or warfarin
* Paris, 2005 (France) PMID 16224238 -- "Palliative care in patients with brain metastases." (Taillibert S, Curr Opin Oncol. 2005 Nov;17(6):588-92.)
** Prophylaxis: recommended if decreased mobility, with LMWH
** Symptomatic DVH: anticoagulation safe; recommend LMWH due to lack of interaction with chemo and convenience
** Hemorrhagic mets: unless active bleeding, can anticoagulate, but requires strict monitoring
** Avoid NSAIDs and Vitamin K
# Radiation Oncology/Supportive care/Pain

* Front Page: Radiation Oncology | RTOG Trials | Randomized Trials

## General

* Opioids (strong):
** Morphine
** Methadone
** Oxycodone
** Fentanyl
** Hydromorphone (Dilaudid, Palladone)
** Levorphanol (Levo dromoran)
** Oxymorphone (Numorphan)
    Oral (5 mg IR q6h, 20 mg SR bid), Parenteral, Suppository (5 mg)

## Neuropathic pain

Medications:
* Opioids:
** Buprenorphine
** Fentanyl
** Levorphanol
** Methadone
** Morphine
** Oxycodone
** Tramadol - usual: 250 mg/d. Max: 400 mg/d.
* Antidepressants:
    Block Ca-channel, Na-channel, presynaptic reuptake inhibition of monoamines, NMDA receptor blockade
** Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA)
** Selective noradrenaline serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SNRI)
    Venlafaxine (Effexor) and duloxetine (Cymbalta)
* Gabapentin (Neurontin)
** Pregabalin (Lyrica)

## References

* PMID 17131133, Davis MP, "What is new in neuropathic pain?" Support Care Cancer. 2006 Nov 28</ref>
# Radiation Oncology/Supportive care/Stress

* Front Page: Radiation Oncology | RTOG Trials | Randomized Trials
Stress and Radiation Oncology
# Radiation Oncology/Survival analysis
## Survival Analysis

* Survival analysis is a branch of statistics for analyzing the expected duration of time until one or more events happen, such as death in biological organisms and failure in mechanical systems
* This topic is called reliability theory or reliability analysis in engineering, duration analysis or duration modelling in economics, and event history analysis in sociology
* Survival analysis attempts to answer certain questions, such as what is the proportion of a population which will survive past a certain time? Of those that survive, at what rate will they die or fail? Can multiple causes of death or failure be taken into account? How do particular circumstances or characteristics increase or decrease the probability of survival?
Proportional Hazard Model
* Proportional hazards models are a class of survival models in statistics
* Survival models relate the time that passes, before some event occurs, to one or more covariates that may be associated with that quantity of time
* In a proportional hazards model, the unique effect of a unit increase in a covariate is multiplicative with respect to the hazard rate
    For example, taking a drug may halve one's hazard rate for a stroke occurring, or, changing the material from which a manufactured component is constructed may double its hazard rate for failure
* Other types of survival models such as accelerated failure time models do not exhibit proportional hazards
    The accelerated failure time model describes a situation where the biological or mechanical life history of an event is accelerated (or decelerated).

## Regression Analysis

* Linear Regression
* Nonlinear Regression
** Circular Regression
# Radiation Oncology/System Down

* Front Page: Radiation Oncology | RTOG Trials | Randomized Trials
System Down or Network Down due to Natural Disasters or Cyberattacks
# Rebol Programming/alive?

ALIVE? is a logic variable. Used by viewtop to determine whether the internet (or network) connection is available.
# DESCRIPTION:

Shortcut AND. Evaluates and returns at the first FALSE or NONE.
ALL is a native value.

# ARGUMENTS

* block -- Block of expressions (Type: block)
# DESCRIPTION

Information about REBOL
ABOUT is a function value.
# DESCRIPTION:

Returns the result of adding two values.
ADD is an action value.

# ARGUMENTS

* value1 -- (Type: number pair char money date time tuple)
* value2 -- (Type: number pair char money date time tuple)
# DESCRIPTION:

Creates an alternate spelling for a word.
ALIAS is a native value.

# ARGUMENTS

* word -- Word to alias (Type: word)
* name -- Name of alias (Type: string)
# DESCRIPTION:

Access to various operating system functions (getuid, setuid, getpid, kill, etc.)
ACCESS-OS is a native value.

# ARGUMENTS

* field -- Valid words: pid, uid, gid (Type: word)

# REFINEMENTS

* /set -- To set uid, gid, or kill pid (sig 15)
** value -- Argument, such as uid, gid, or pid (Type: integer)
# DESCRIPTION

Returns TRUE for action values.
ACTION? is an action value.
# DESCRIPTION:

Reduces and joins a block of values into a new string.
AJOIN is a function value.

# ARGUMENTS

* block -- (Type: block)

# (SPECIAL ATTRIBUTES)

* throw