OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mengarini Variation

Black can accept the gambit with 3...cxb4 but the best move is the drawish 3...Nf6, to which the best response is 4. b5.
3...cxb4 used to be the main line and is still often seen at amateur levels. The most common continuation is
    4. axb4 Nxb4
    5. d4 d5
    6. c3 Nc6
    7. exd5 Qxd5
    8. Na3!
Now, Black needs to be precise: The natural moves 8...Nf6, 8...e5, and 8...e6 blunder 9. Nb5.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1. e4 c5 2. a3 Nc6 3. b4
| | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
| Declined | ... Nf6 | b5 Nd4 | c3 Ne6 | e5 Nd5 | = |
| Accepted | ... cxb4 | axb4 Nxb4 | d4 d5 | c3 Nc6 | exd5 Qxd5 | Na3 | =/∞ |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
# OpenClinica User Manual/CreatingANewCRF
## Creating a new CRF
### Download the CRF Template

Log in to OpenClinica as a Study Director and click on "Tasks". Select item "CRFs" in section "Administration" from the list.
The next screen "Administer Case Report Forms (CRFs)" will appear. Click on "Blank CRF Template".
By clicking this link the download of an Excel sheet is started which can be used to define the elements of the CRF. Save this file to your computer, open it with MSExcel and save it under a new name. In the new form we will write the address.

### OpenClinica-ID (OID)

In this section we will not elaborate on how you create sections, items or validations for your CRF. But at this point it may be useful to know how OpenClinica handles names. Every object in OpenClinica has a unique OpenClinica-ID or OID. When you have edited the blank CRF template to start a CRF for let's say the intake of your study, rename your file to 'Intake.xls'. Type this name in cell A2 of tab CRF. The first four characters of the name of your file will be used to construct the OID.

### Upload the new CRF

Make sure you've saved your excelsheet and switch back to OpenClinica. Now you will be able to upload your file (instructions below) and the CRF will be added to your list. The OID for intake.xls for example will be something like "F_INTA_5348" and is displayed in column "VERSION_OID". The name you typed in cell A2 will appear in "CRF Name" which is the first column on the left. Click on "Create a new CRF" in the "Administer Case Report Forms (CRFs)" screen.
The "Create a New Case Report Form (CRF) screen will appear, click "Browse", browse to your Excelsheet and select it.

### Check the CRF

Then click on "Preview CRF Version". If errors were found they will be displayed in orange at the top of the result page. Open your excelfile, correct all errors and restart creating the new CRF. If no errors are found you can add your new CRF to your list of available CRFs.
# Haskell/Solutions/Monad transformers

← Back to Monad transformers

## Lifting

1.
liftM can be defined in terms of the Monad methods, return and (>>=). These are not enough for defining lift, as how a value in the inner monad should be with the base monad and the transformer depends on what the transformer is like. In particular, the differences between the types wrapped by the transformers, as illustrated in the A plethora of transformers section, make a generic implementation impossible.
2.

## Implementing transformers

1.
2.
They are not equivalent. Specialising the type of runMaybeT to work with MaybeT (State s), we get:
Doing the same for runStateT and StateT s Maybe, we obtain:
In the first case, we get a State computation that returns a Maybe a. In the second, we get a function which, from an initial state of type s, might give back a result and a new state or not, as the result type is Maybe (a, s). A Nothing amidst a MaybeT (State s) destroys merely the returned result, while in a StateT s Maybe it destroys the final state as well. This comparison can illustrate some general remarks:
* In general, the order in which monads are stacked matters.
* When a composed monad is unwrapped, the effect of the inner monad has priority over the one of the base monad.
* Failure-handling layers such as MaybeT and ExceptT usually go on the top of transformer stacks, so that the effects of the other involved monads are preserved in case of failure.
# Danish Gambit

White chooses to play an aggressive game. By giving a two-pawn material advantage to his opponent, Black spends two moves to capture both of the pawns, and has to deal with a massive attack. Black has few choices here:
* The most common move for Black to play here is to take the pawn, 3...dxc3.
* However, another common alternative is to safely decline the gambit and play 3...d5 or 3...d6.
* It's also possible to safely decline the gambit with 3...Nf6 (intending to transpose to the Ponziani after 4. e5 Nd5 5. cxd4 d6 6. Nf3 Nc6) or 3...Nc6 (leading to an independent line after 4. cxd4 d5 5. e5 f6! or the Göring Gambit of the Scotch Game after 4. Nf3, which can still be declined with 4... d5 or 4... Nf6)
* Another way to "accept" the gambit is 3...Qe7, which has recently been suggested by computers.

## Theory table

1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. c3
| | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | |
| Danish Gambit Accepted | c3 dxc3 | Bc4 cxb2 | Bxb2 Nf6 | e5 d5 | exf6 Bb4+ | Bc3 Bxc3+ | Nxc3 dxc4 | ∞ |
| Sörensen Defence | ... d5 | exd5 Qxd5 | cxd4 Nc6 | Nf3 Bb4+ | Nc3 Bg4 | Be2 Bxf3 | Bxf3 Qc4 | = |
| Ponziani | ... Nf6 | e5 Nd5 | cxd4 d6 | Nf3 Nc6 | Bb5 Be7 | Nc3 Nxc3 | bxc3 a6 | = |
| Alternate Declination | ... d6 | cxd4 d5 | e5 c5 | Nf3 Nc6 | Bb5 cxd4 | Nxd4 Bb4+ | Nc3 Ne7 | = |
| Advance Variation | ... d3 | Bxd3 Nc6 | Nf3 Bc5 | b4 Bb6 | a4 a6 | O-O d6 | Nbd2 Nf6 | += |
| Qe7 Variation | ... Qe7 | cxd4 Qxe4+ | Be3 Bb4+ | Nc3 Nf6 | Nf3 Ng4 | Qd2 Nxe3 | fxe3 Qe7 | ∞ |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.

## References

* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# General Astronomy/The Water Cycle

All of the water in the world keeps getting reused and reused. Why? Water molecules can be made into three forms: gas (steam), liquid, and solid (ice). The water cycle turns water into all three of these forms.

## the Cycle
### Part 1: Up

Water starts in the oceans. The oceans contain tons of water, and there is more water than land on the Earth's surface. With all this water in the same place, the water turns to steam, or evaporates. And since steam is lighter than liquid, it goes up.

### Part 2: Together Again

Now in the sky, the water condenses.
# Packing & Moving Household Goods/Electronic Equipment
## General

Electronic components should be wrapped in pads or blankets or paper or bubble wrap and boxed so that their knobs cannot be broken off and so that their finish will not be scratched.

## Monitors and Televisions

Flatscreen monitors and televisions are very delicate.
CRT monitors and televisions are more durable, but do have the risk of implosion if their glass screen is shattered. CRT displays are also almost always much heavier than their flatscreen counterparts, and need special care to be moved safely if not on a dolly.

## Desktop Computers

Desktop computers, especially those with with expansion cards, should be moved with care.
# Embedded Systems/Intel Microprocessors

When talking about Intel microprocessors, the first words that come to mind might be "Pentium" or "Celeron", or any of the other high-performance, expensive PC chips that are on the market today. However, Intel maintains a very impressive list of legacy parts that can be adapted for embedded systems. The beauty of using these microprocessors is that they are frequently very cheap, and they will all use the standard x86 assembly language, so that developers can program, assemble, and test from the comfort of a PC.

## 8086 and 80186

8086 and 80186 processors are available in heavily integrated packages. They are usually available in DIP form, and are relatively cheap (10$ or 15$ range). These processors might not be as good as an 8051 in an embedded environment, but the ease of programming, and the familiarity that many programmers will feel for these chips can more than make up for the cost. 8086 is 16 bit microprocessor.

## i386 Embedded Processors

The i386 microprocessor is a modified form of the Intel 80386 microprocessor with a few notable differences: an integrated FPU (originally wasn't standard until the 80486), and a variety of different, small form-factors. One of the major benefits of an i386 microprocessor is that it can be programmed easily using most standard C compilers and x86 assembly language. In fact, many times no additional settings need to be changed in the compiler, except maybe to not link to the standard libraries on the host system.
i386 processors are 32 bit processors, and are frequently very economical choices when a 32bit processor is required. Also, i386 processors frequently have very low power consumption, and generate very little heat. Remember, Intel has been working on this architecture and the general design of this chip continuously for many years now.

## X-Scale Embedded Processors

The X-Scale processor is an ARM based device, designed for embedded systems requiring high performance with low power consumption, such as PDA's.

## Other Chips

Intel does sell embedded varieties of all its chips, from the 486 up to the Pentium 4. Keep in mind, however, that these chips have all the power of their PC cousins, but in a smaller package. Therefore, it can be expected that they will all be considerably more expensive than the desktop chips. Also, with some of the higher performance chips (Pentium and up), since the size has been aggressively reduced, and because they have been highly integrated for embedded environments, heat can become an issue (meaning you will need to invest in fans and heat sinks as well).

## Further reading

* Embedded Systems/ARM Microprocessors
* x86 Assembly
# Digital Circuits/Common Integrated Circuits

This page will talk about some common integrated circuits, including where to buy components, form-factors, etc...

## Form Factors
### DIP, PDIP, SPDIP

DIP stands for "Dual Inline Package", and is what common Integrated Circuits come as. The "P" Prefix means the chip will be plastic, the "S" prefix means it will be thinner than a normal DIP, or it will have pins that are closer together. Occasionally packages will be found called "CERDIP", where the "CER" prefix means that the package is made of ceramic, and is therefore more resistant to heat. CERDIPs are more expensive than PDIPs, but are less susceptible to heat and static charge.

### SSOP

SSOP stands for Small Shrink Outline Package.

### SOIC

SOIC stands for Small Outline Integrated Circuit.

## Suppliers
### Distributors

Mouser Electronics, Digikey, Futurlec, Jameco, SparkFun

### Manufacturers

Out of many, many, different manufacturers around the world, some of the most common are:
* Texas Instruments (home to the first integrated circuit)
* Fairchild Semiconductor
* Maxim Semiconductor
* Xilinx
* ON Semi
* Mitsubishi
* Analog Devices
* STMicroelectronics

### Further reading

* Practical Electronics/74Label
* OpenCircuits: "Popular parts"
# Permaculture Design/How to/Planting Calendars/Dunedin New Zealand

Planting Plan for the Dunedin Coastal Area:

# January

Brassicas ~ Broccoli, Cauliflower, Kale, Cabbage, Kohl rabi ~ last planting of seeds. All salad types. Winter Japanese radish, European radish endive & Raddichio. Carrots for a July harvest

# February

Chinese cabbage, tall pak tsoi, daikon radish, mescalun, Chinese mustard, last planting of fennel & rocket.
Spinach, Turnip, Onion for winter standing. Winter lettuce ~ cos, Webbs wonderful ,Imperial (for under cloches later)

# March

Parsley. Last silverbeet. Plant green manure crops.
Mescalun, rocket winter radish, turnips, raddichio, lettuce, carrots

# Late April

Sow “greenfeast” peas in well drained soil
Broad beans – long pods best

# May

Broad beans

# June

Sprout seed potatoes inside. Later garlic, shallots, jerusalem artichokes.

# July

Mustard & cress, mescalun (small warm spot or under cloche on windowsill) plant lettuce, parsley, silverbeet seeds in trays indoors. Garlic & shallots late July.

# August

Cabbage, broccoli, peas, broad beans. Early potatoes under mulch. More lettuce. Small early planting of zucchini.
Small sowing outside of carrots, radish, early turnips, mescalun, corn salad, silverbeet, spinach. Other outside sowings of onions, leeks, parsnips, celery
Garlic & shallots still OK.

# September

Peas, broad beans, spinach, silver beet, carrots, radish. turnip, potatoes, broccoli, cauli, fennel.
Spring onions, lettuce, zucchini, brussel sprouts, celery cucumber.

# Late September

Beetroot, French beans, scarlet runner beans, kohl rabi, salsify

# October

Last chance for parsnips.
Sweet corn, celery, coriander, all salad types, turnips, carrots, broccoli, cauli, potatoes, parsley, yams, late spuds. Autumn sowings for brussel sprouts, silver beet, swede & fennel.

# November

All salad types, late sweet corn, carrots etc.
Broccoli, cabbage, cauli, kale, NZ spinach, leek seedlings outside.

# December

Peas. All salad types. Carrots, broccoli, cabbage, cauli, kale,
French beans, turnips. Parsley & spinach. Kohlrabi
# The Computer Revolution/Hardware/Virtual Memory

Virtual memory is a management technique used by operating systems. Virtual memory is only not virtual at all, it uses a portion of the computers hard drive appropriated for some functions of RAM if more memory is required to run things than the virtual memory can provide without slowing down. Program and data placed in RAM is divided into fixed-length pages, it depends on the operating system used. Virtual memory allows to use more memory than is physically available on the computer.
Virtual memory is a common part of most operating systems found in desktop computers. Because the ram on the ordinary computer isn't enough to run all of the programs that most users need to at the same time, virtual memory is required. Without virtual memory you would not be able to open a web browser and a word processor program at the same time. Virtual memory allows the computer to look at RAM for areas that have not been used recently and copy them onto the hard disk. This frees up enough space in RAM so that the user can load the new program. Since the hard disk space is much cheaper than RAM chips, virtual memory has an economic benefit to it. However, since the read/write speed of a hard drive is much slower than RAM the user may find that there is a performance drop if the computer relies too heavily on the virtual memory. The key for the user is to have enough RAM to handle everything they tend to work on simultaneously so that the only time there seems to be slowness due to virtual memory reliance is when they're changing tasks only.
An Austrian astronomer named Rudi Albrecht worked at ESO developed a virtual memory system to handle files on tape that were larger than the available memory on his Hewlett Packard 2116 microcomputer (A large computer with one processor and 16 kilobytes of magnetic-core memory). His contributions helped develop our current technology in regards to virtual memory today. http://www.eso.org/public/images/potw1223b Here is a link of Albrecht today in the Data Center at ESO Headquarters in Germany surrounded by a 40 processor core, 138 terabyte storage and 83 gigs of RAM.
# TI-Basic 84 Programming

    See also: TI-Basic Z80 Programming and TI-Basic 89 Programming

## Table of Contents
### Section 1: Getting Started

* Introduction - The point of this book
* Book Conventions - How this book works
* A Basic Program - A little glance into the future
* Basic Variables - Reals, lists and strings

### Section 2: Fundamentals

* Output - How to display words, numbers and more to the user
* Input - How to receive words, numbers and more from the user
* Control Flow Statements - Learn about controlling the flow of a program using If, Then and Else
* Test Conditions and Logical Operators - Learn how to compare different values
* Loops - Learn how to execute code multiple times without having to type it twice

### Section 3: More Advanced Topics

* Picture Variables - How to store and recall pictures
* Graph Databases - How to use graph databases
* Recursion - Repeated Actions
# Sidux/Useable applications/VMware Player

    VMware Player is an application lets you run a virtual machine created by one of VMware products:
       http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_VMware_software
    VMware Player is able to make own virtual machines starting from version 3.0

## Installation

    1. Download the application from (registration required): http://www.vmware.com/products/player/
    2. Install it in Terminal as root:
    3. It will run graphic installator script so click on "Install"
    then "Close" after
       The application will be installed in folder: "/usr/lib/vmware"
    4. Run it from: Menu-> System-> VMware Player - agree with the licence clicking on "Accept"

## Running a virtual machine

    1. Now you can test the application - download an image of a virtual machine from:
       http://www.vmware.com/appliances/directory/?sort=rating
    2. Then extract it.
    3. And load it with VMware Player: Open a Virtual Machine
    I selected Linux Xubuntu 9.04 for example
    3. Upsss... - my procesor is too old to run a virtual machine.
    4. During the first run the player asks for downloading and installing "WMware Tools for Linux" package->
       so click on "Download" - it supports a few extra functions: mouse integration, drag and drop, etc.
    5. When a guest system starts, install "VMware Tools" package for it too:
       a. Go to "VM" tab-> Install VMware Tools - it will download and mount the package for the guest system.
       b. Open Terminal and make as root:
       c. Confirm patches for all components and restart VMware Player.
    5. In a case of any problem you can reconfigure it:
    6. System Xubuntu 9.04 has been started with all additional functions of VMware Tools.

## Creating own virtual machine

    1. Run VMware Player then-> Create a New Virtual Machine.
    2. Choose an operating system from:
       a. Device - an optical drive
       b. Or "iso" image file - from local disk
       c. Or I will install later
    3. I chosen CD drive, then-> Rescan disc-> Next.
    4. Now choose what kind of operating system you want to install and it's version-> Next.
    5. Change the machine name and output folder if you want.
    6. Set maximum virtual disc size as only one file or more.
    7. If everything is set up click on: "Finish".
    8. A guest system has been run (MoonOS 2 for example) as a LiveCD, you can install it inside the VMPlayer.

## Module re-compilations

    It's necessary to re-compile "vmware" module after installation new kernel for host system (sidux).
    But it'll be done itself when you run VMPlayer next time:

## Uninstalling

    VMware Player is not controlled by the host package manager so you can't uninstall it by "apt-get".
    VMware Player provides uninstalling module to do so.
    1. You can check what kind of VMware products have been installed:
    2. After a list displacing (I have VMware Player only):
    3. It will run graphical uninstallator-> Next
    and "Close" to finish.
    VMware home page: http://www.vmware.com/
    And on Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMware
# Chess Guide for the Intermediate Player/Example Games/Game1

Hi there! This is the analysis of one of my game.
U$3rname008 vs Somewhat Weak Computer
I plays Black.
1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 d5 4. Nc3 Nc6 5. Bg5 Be7 6. a4 O-O 7. c5 b6 8. h4 bxc5 9. g3 Rb8 10. Bc1 cxd4 11. Nxd4 Nxd4 12. Qxd4 c5 13 Qd1 d4 14. f3 Bd6 15. Rh3 Qc7 16. f4 dxc3 17. bxc3 e5 18. Qc2 exf4 0-1

## Opening

Here I played Indian Game, Anti-Nimzo-indian(E10). It's a variation of Queen's Pawn.
Almost equal. White has a very-small advantage.
It's like this.
| | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | |
| 8 | | | | | | | | | 8 |
| 7 | | | | | | | | | 7 |
| 6 | | | | | | | | | 6 |
| 5 | | | | | | | | | 5 |
| 4 | | | | | | | | | 4 |
| 3 | | | | | | | | | 3 |
| 2 | | | | | | | | | 2 |
| 1 | | | | | | | | | 1 |
| | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | |

## 3. ... d5

| | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | |
| 8 | | | | | | | | | 8 |
| 7 | | | | | | | | | 7 |
| 6 | | | | | | | | | 6 |
| 5 | | | | | | | | | 5 |
| 4 | | | | | | | | | 4 |
| 3 | | | | | | | | | 3 |
| 2 | | | | | | | | | 2 |
| 1 | | | | | | | | | 1 |
| | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | |
Here I begin with this natural move. So it's White's turn. If you plays White, what do you wanna do?
Of course 4. Nc3, because it develops a piece, and also allows playing Nxd5, guards b5, controls d4.

### Allows playing Nxd5

Nc3 attacks Black's d5 pawn, so Black must pay attention to his pawn structure. For example:
4. Nc3 c5 5. cxd5 exd5 6. Bg5 and Black cannot play cxd4?, because of 7. Bxf6 Qxf6 Nxd5 captures the pawn.

### Guards b5

Also, it guards b5, and b5 is a useful square to attack c4 for Black. For example:
4. Nc3 Be7 5. Bf4 and Black cannot play 5. ... dxc4? because after 6. e4 b5 7. Nxb5 captures the b5 pawn. Then, c4 pawn becomes an isolated pawn, that's not good!

### Controls e4

Nc3 also helps a bit about controlling center - it supports e4, and White can push the e-pawn now. For example:
4. Nc3 dxc4 5. e4 and Black cannot play 5. ... Nxe4? because 6. Nxe4 captures the knight.
Sidenote: After 4. Nc3 White can respond to 4. ... Be7 with 5. Bg5.

### Pay attention to
#### The White pawn at c4 can capture the Black pawn at d5

For example:
4. Nc3 c5 cxd5 exd5 Now the pawn that shields Black king is removed from that line, and White can easily attack the king.

#### The white bishop at c1 can move to g5 or g5-h4 to capture the black knight at f6

This can draw the Black queen away, because after capture the black knight, Black must recapture with his queen. However, the queen is protecting the d5 pawn, therefore, White can take the d5 pawn, in other words, the queen is "overloaded".

#### The white bishop at f1 supports the white pawn at c4

Which means, if Black captures the c4 pawn, then he has an isolated pawn, and White can free his bishop to capture it. For example:
4. Nc3 Nbd7 5. e3 dxc4 6. Bxc4

#### The unsupported white pawn at c4 is attacked by the black pawn

c4 pawn is floating and in danger, so if he plays a move like g3, didn't support c4 or create a counter attack, then Black can take it immediately.
4. g3 c5 5. Bg2 dxc4

#### The black knight at f6 supports the black pawn at d5

4. e3 c5 5. cxd5 Nxd5
# Super Mario 63
## Table of contents
### Gameplay

* Controls
* Story

### Appendices

* Enemies
* Bosses
* Items
* Secrets
* Glitches
* Level designer
* Unused content

### Walkthrough

* Star Map
* Castle Grounds

### Main courses

* Course 1: Bob-omb Battlefield
* Course 2: Snowman's Land
* Course 3: Hazy Maze Cave
* Course 4: Boo's Mansion
* Course 5: Lethal Lava Land
* Course 6: Tall Tall Mountain
* Course 7: Rainbow Ride

### Storyline courses

* Mushroom Kingdom (Tutorial 1)
* Bowser's Trap in the Dark World
* Outskirts of the Mushroom Kingdom (Tutorial 2)
* Peach's Garden
* Bowser's Second Trap in the Fire Fortress
* Kamek's Castle
* Bowser's Castle: The Final Challenge

### Mini courses

* Mini Course 1: Shifting Sand Land
* Mini Course 2: Wet-Dry World
* Mini Course 3: Tick Tock Clock

### Secret Courses

* Secret Course: Tidal Isle
* Secret Course: Secret of the Mushroom
* Secret Course: Jolly Roger Bay
* Secret Course: Frosty F.L.U.D.D
* Secret Course: Secret of the Sky
* Secret Course: Thwomp's Castle
* Secret Course: The Cave of Empuzzlement
* Secret Course: Magma Maze
* Secret Course: A Galaxy of Stars
* Secret Course: Edge of the Mushroom Kingdom

## External Links

* Super Mario 63 at newgrounds.com
* Super Mario 63 at runouw.com
# Parkour/Basic Moves/Wallrun

The wallrun is a parkour movement which allows the athlete to quickly succeed a tall obstacle. To perform a wallrun, the traceur or traceuse runs toward said obstacle, puts one foot on the platform (preferably the dominant), kicks up, then grabs the top of the obstacle and pulls themself up and over it.