OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Usability for Nerds/Feedback from customers

Let's return for a moment to the example of the unfortunate man who lost 5000 addresses in a database by deleting columns instead of rows.
Among the factors that led to this error were:
* The user had deleted records in this database hundreds of times before, and every time the program had set the default choice to Delete records. The user was accustomed to just clicking OK.
* Due to the routine nature of the job, and the fact that he was working overtime Friday afternoon, the user was less alert than normally.
* The amount of data was too big for the program's undo buffer, so that it was impossible to undo the fatal operation.
None of these factors are likely to be present at a usability test, and possibly not even at a beta test. Hence, it is quite unlikely that this error would be found at a usability test. And even if it were, you might not realize how serious it were, because the user wouldn't feel the terror of losing 5000 addresses. The only way you can find an error like this is to listen to the feedback you get from the users of your product.
User feedback is, in fact, a wonderful source of information which can be extremely useful for improving a product. Unfortunately, most producers fail to utilize this resource. They just consider user inquiries a nuisance and don't use them in any systematic way to improve their products. The situation has actually worsened in recent years where it has become common to outsource user support to faraway countries. The information about user problems never reaches the development staff.
It is very important to implement a procedure for how to deal with inquiries from customers. All user questions, suggestions, complaints, and requests for support should be filed and analyzed statistically. If several users have the same problem then it is likely to be a usability issue. Users should be rewarded for reporting problems, for example with a letter saying that you are working on the problem, and a free patch or update when a solution has been implemented.
This should be part of the quality control organization of any producer of technical equipment. If the users' equipment cannot be fixed and updated right away then you may set up a web page with information to all users on how to deal with known problems. For software products you may make a downloadable patch.
← Usability test · Track user behavior →
# Usability for Nerds/Avoid anthropomorphic interfaces

Some designers are tempted to make user interfaces look like cartoon characters or communicate with the user in a human dialog style, e.g. when the computer says "Tell me what you want me to do". This may look cute, but experiences with anthropomorphic user interfaces are generally not very good. For example, Microsoft's animated paper clip called Office Assistant was so unpopular that they had to remove it. Many people found it annoying, and some even considered it an insult to their intelligence.
People have an extraordinary tendency to attribute intelligence and personality to dead things. The more a machine responds or moves in a natural way, the more will people tend to believe that it has intelligence and emotions. (A pioneering example was the Senster, which people believed was intelligent because of its natural-like movements, even though it didn't look like anything but a machine). People will have unreasonably high expectations of the social intelligence of a machine that looks like or behaves like a living creature. They will unavoidably be disappointed when the machine doesn't meet their expectations.
There is also an ethical problem in making a machine behave so that people get the impression that it has emotions and intelligence. If you make a robot that behaves too human-like, you are likely to get angry reactions from the parents of children who have interacted with the robot in the belief that it had some kind of life or emotions.
← Speak the user's language · Design should reflect the user's logic, not the constructor's logic →
# Usability for Nerds/Feature Bloat

Producers of technical equipment often add new features to every new model in order to make customers buy the latest version. This may lead to Feature bloat where the equipment has many features with limited usefulness. This can lead to various problems for the user:
* The user interface is crowded with options so that it is more difficult to find the feature that one needs.
* The product becomes more vulnerable or error prone.
* Software products become bigger and slower.
← Novices versus experienced users · Standardization →
# Usability for Nerds
## Table of contents

* Preface
* What is usability?

### General principles

* Feedback to user
* The user should be in control
* Self-explaining interfaces
* Predictability
* Transparency
* Never interrupt the user
* Can I guess what the user wants?
* Error tolerance
* WYSIWYG
* Speak the user's language
* Avoid anthropomorphic interfaces
* Design should reflect the user's logic, not the constructor's logic
* The design of a button should reflect its importance
* Provide alternative ways out of a situation
* Surveys, Questionnaires, Forms and Option lists
* Accessibility to handicapped users
* Novices versus experienced users
* Feature Bloat
* Standardization
* Open standards

### The design process

* Convincing decision makers
* User profile
* Involve users in the design
* Usability test
* Feedback from customers
* Track user behavior

### Specific technical problems
#### Hardware

* Keyboard
* Mouse
* Screen
* LEDs and displays
* Sound
* Alarms

#### Software

* Interaction schemes
* Help
* Error Messages
* Response Time
* Keyboard Shortcuts
* Mouse Effects
* Scrolling
* Default values
* File Organization
* Installation and Uninstallation
* Copy Protection

#### Web design

* Accessibility to Handicapped Users
* Navigation
* Avoid Frames
* Animations
* Cookies
* Printer-friendly web pages
* Compatibility of web pages

## References

* Recommended literature
* Recommended web sites
# Usability for Nerds/Accessibility to handicapped users

Some countries have laws requiring that devices should be accessible to handicapped users. You shouldn't think of this as an isolated problem, because making a device easier to use for handicapped people may also make it easier to use for able-bodied people. Remember that even if people are not handicapped, they may not be as agile as you are. Children have less physical strength and old people may have less precise movements, reduced hearing and reduced vision.
Some of the handicaps you may consider are:
* missing or paralyzed limbs
* impaired motor skills, shaking or imprecise movements
* impaired hearing
* reduced vision, blindness or color blindness
* reduced cognitive skills
All mechanical devices, like buttons, handles etc., should have sufficient size and not require small, precise movements.
Displays should also have sufficient size, and the details should not be too small. There should be an appreciable difference in luminance between background and text, as well as other figures that need to be distinguished. A difference in color is not sufficient.
All software should be designed so that it can be used without a mouse.
Blind people have reading aids that translate text into synthetic speech or Braille code. In order to support such technical aids, you should design web pages and other text files so that they make sense when read as plain text. All images that contain important information should have an alternative text behind them. Avoid flashing, flickering and animated text and figures. See the page on making web sites accessible for more information.
See the list of recommended web sites for references on how to make things accessible.
← Surveys, Questionnaires, Forms and Option lists · Novices versus experienced users →
# Usability for Nerds/Can I guess what the user wants?

My word processor has a "wonderful" feature called autocomplete. It can guess what I want to write and write it for me. If I write Dear M it will finish the phrase for me and write Dear Mom and Dad.
I just have to press Enter to make it finish the phrase for me, or write something else if I don't want Dear Mom and Dad.
But as the previous page explains, the users are not always looking at the screen, and even if they are, you cannot expect them to react immediately to whatever happens to pop up on the screen. What if I actually want to write just Dear M or Dear Mom, followed by a line break. The Enter key does not make a line break, as I expect it to, but instead it makes Dear Mom and Dad. This violates the principle of predictability.
My word processor has more "smart" features. If I write the letter i as a separate word, it is changed automatically to a capital I because the dictionary says that the word I is written with a capital I. If I change it back to a small i, the word processor corrects it to the capital I again. It is actually impossible to write a small i, even if I need it as a symbol, an abbreviation, a roman number, or a word in another language.
Modern software has many of these "smart" features. But they violate the principle of predictability and the principle that the user should be in control. The software should never do anything on its own initiative, not even correct errors. Neither should it interrupt the user by asking "Do you want to change i to I?". But it may indicate in an unobtrusive way that is has a suggestion for you. For example, it may indicate words not found in the dictionary like this:
Many web browsers also come up with a suggestion when the user starts to write a URL:
| This suggestion is accepted by pressing Enter. This violates the principle of predictability because the Enter key would do something else if the suggestion was not there. The user has to actively delete the suggestion if they don't want it. | Usability Netscape autocomplete |
| This suggestion is accepted by pressing the Tab key. The frame that pops up may be disturbing, but at least you can ignore it. | Usability Explorer autocomplete |
← Never interrupt the user · Error tolerance →
# Soviet History

In 1917, the Russian Empire was losing a war against both Germany and Austria-Hungary. The population was starting to resent the Czar/Tsar, and wanted a different leader so the war would end. Vladimir Lenin, returning from exile in Switzerland, led the Communist Party of Russia to power in the October Revolution.

## Chapters

* Before The Creation of the Soviet Union
* Russian Civil War
* Leadership of Vladimir Lenin
* Leadership of Stalin, 1925-1938
* Pre-War Soviet-German Relations
* Great Patriotic War 1941-1945
* Rebuilding After The War 1945-1953
* Soviet Union becomes a Superpower
* Nikita Khrushchev 1953-1965
* Leonid Brezhnev 1965-1983
* Yuri Andropov 1983-1984
* Konstantin Chernenko-1984-1985
* Mikhail Gorbachev 1985-1990
* The Collapse of the Soviet Union
# Space Invaders/Arcade

One key feature of Space Invaders was the fact that as more and more of the aliens were shot, the remaining aliens would move faster and faster. The change in speed was minor at the beginning of a wave, but dramatic near the end. This action was originally an unintentional result of the way the game was written - as the program had to move fewer and fewer aliens it ran faster and faster, but was kept after finding favour with the development team.
Space Invaders used an Intel 8080 as its processor, running below 1Mhz and a 1 bit per pixel framebuffer mapped from the main CPU address space. All sound effects were implemented individually with discrete electronics.
The actual output of the game was displayed mirror-image on a black and white monitor which sat recessed in the game's cabinet. The image was projected (automatically) to a plastic panel which the player saw. Behind the reflective panel was a lunar landscape which gave the game an impressive background setting. Since the actual video game console itself had a monochrome video image, Taito added color by coating the reflective screen with colored bands.
# South Park: The Stick of Truth/It's Late

Exit Kupa Keep and head left. Enter your house and climb into bed.
# Soviet History/Russian Civil War

The Russian Civil War (1917–1923) was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed and the Soviets under the domination of the Bolshevik party assumed power, first in Petrograd (St. Petersburg) and then in other places.
Following the abdication of Nicholas II of Russia and the turbulent Russian Revolution throughout 1917, the Russian Provisional Government was established. In October another revolution occurred in which the Red Guard, armed groups of workers and deserting soldiers directed by the Bolshevik Party, seized control of Saint Petersburg (then known as Petrograd) and began an immediate armed takeover of cities and villages throughout the former Russian Empire.
The Bolsheviks decided to immediately make peace with the German Empire and the Central Powers, as they had promised the Russian people prior to the Revolution.
In January 1918, after significant reverses in combat, War Commissar Leon Trotsky headed the reorganization of the Red Guard into a Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, in order to create a more professional fighting force. Political commissars were appointed to each unit of the army to maintain morale and ensure loyalty.
While resistance to the Red Guard began on the very next day after the Bolshevik uprising, the Brest-Litovsk treaty and the political ban became a catalyst for the formation of anti-Bolshevik groups both inside and outside Russia, pushing them into action against the new regime.
A loose confederation of anti-Bolshevik forces aligned against the Communist government, including land-owners, republicans, conservatives, middle-class citizens, reactionaries, pro-monarchists, liberals, army generals, non-Bolshevik socialists who still had grievances and democratic reformists, voluntarily united only in their opposition to Bolshevik rule. Their military forces, bolstered by foreign influence and led by General Yudenich, Admiral Kolchak and General Denikin, became known as the White movement (sometimes referred to as the "White Army"), and they controlled significant parts of the former Russian empire for most of the war.
The majority of the fighting ended in 1920 with the defeat of General Pyotr Wrangel (of the Whites) in the Crimea, but a notable resistance in certain areas continued until 1923 (e.g, Kronstadt Uprising, Tambov Rebellion, Basmachi Revolt, and the final resistance of the White movement in the Far East).
# Space Invaders/Authors

* Original Author: SamE
* Principal Author:
* Chief Contributor of Images:

## Contributors

(In Alphabetical Order - please sign using four '~')
* AgeofAtari
* AmishThrasher 04:21, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
* Poiuyt Man

## Wikipedia

The following Wikipedia articles were used as a basis for material used in this book:
* Space Invaders
# South Park: The Stick of Truth/The New Kid in Town

After viewing an animated introduction describing the conflict between the Drow Elves and the Kingdom of Kupa Keep over the mystical Stick of Truth, you will be prompted to create your own character. Once your are satisfied with your character's appearance, the game will begin.
After settling into your their house, your parents command you to go outside and make friends. Walk out of your room, down the stairs, and out the front door. To the right, you will see Butters being attacked by a Drow Elf. Approach the elf and punch him, which will cause him to run away. This will earn you a friend request from Butters. Follow him to Cartman's house, then go through the house and into the backyard to enter the Kingdom of Kupa Keep.
Cartman will then prompt you to enter your name, although regardless of what you enter your name will always be "Doucebag". Afterwards, you will be prompted to choose your class (Fighter, Mage, Thief, or Jew), and purchase a weapon from Clyde. After you purchase a weapon, Cartman will teach you the combat mechanics of the game by having you fight Clyde (make sure you add Clyde as a friend before the fight, as it will be impossible to befriend him after the fight). Follow Cartman's instructions to win. After the fight, follow Cartman into the tent to learn about the Stick of Truth, then exit the tent to defend the kingdom from the attacking Drow Elves. Clear the entire backyard of enemies. Once all the enemies have been defeated, Cartman will task you with locating Token, Craig, and Tweek.
# Soviet History/Pre-War Soviet-German Relations

In November 1918, as the First World War ended, both Germany and Russia found themselves in a common position: severe political weakness and turmoil. Germany had just been defeated in battle by the Entente Powers; while in Russia, the Bolsheviks under Lenin had taken over the government, igniting a brutal civil war between the Bolsheviks and the Whites, who wished to restore Russia's monarchy. The next year at Versailles, Britain and France imposed harsh and humiliating peace terms on Germany. The Kaiser had abdicated, and political factions and free-booting former soldiers battled each other within Germany. The defeat of Germany and Austria allowed eastern European nations such as Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia to gain independence. Russia was excluded from the Versailles conference and denied a say in the new shape of postwar Europe.
By 1922, Russia's civil conflict had ended with the defeat of the White monarchist forces and the establishment of the Soviet Union. Germany had also mostly stabilized its internal situation after several years of turmoil, with a democratic government in place. In postwar Europe, both countries remained potentially powerful but found themselves political outsiders. As a result, Lenin's government and the German government began to consider cooperation. Germany's generals, although enemies of Bolshevism, saw in Russia a means of evading the treaty of Versailles, which constrained the size of and arms allowed to the German military. They could build and test tanks and aircraft within the Soviet Union, away from the prying eyes of Allied inspectors. The Soviets also saw benefits in such an arrangement, in terms of trade and technology transfer with Germany.
A diplomatic conference was held at Rapallo, Italy, in 1922, where the British and French snubbed German requests. German and Russian representatives at the conference then began meetings of their own. When British diplomats learned of these meetings, they understood what was going on, and urgently asked the Germans to re-open talks with them However, it was too late, as a German-Russian treaty had been already signed. The Rapallo Treaty opened the door to a decade of cooperation between the Soviet Union and Germany's Weimar Republic. Soviet factories built German military equipment, and a generation of German officers trained in Russia and got to know their Soviet counterparts. When Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933, the contacts were terminated, not to be restored until the Nazi-Soviet Pact of 1939 which was the opening act of the Second World War.
# Space Invaders

This is a Wikibook on the classic video game Space Invaders. It is intended to evolve into a social, political, and technological resource for people who are researching the popular game.

## Contents
### Chapters

   * Introduction
   * Game Info
   * Arcade Implementation
   * Walkthrough
   * Popular Reaction
   * Later Releases
   * Street Art
   * Bibliography
   * Glossary
   * Authors and Contributors
# South Park: The Stick of Truth/The Bard

Exit Kupa Keep and you will be taken to the Inn of the Giggling Donkey. After a cutscene, Cartman will send you and Butters down to the basement to flush out the Bard. Make your way to the far left side nearest to the screen, where you will encounter the Bard (Jimmy). Defeat his elves, then use Cup-a-Spell to blow up the lamp. Shoot the window to let Craig in. Use Cup-a-Spell again on the candle to reach Craig, then lure the other elves into the electrified water. Use Butters to heal Craig, and he will unlock the basement door.
Exit the basement, then enter the kitchen on the left. Shoot the light on the ceiling to take out the elves attacking Cartman. He informs you the elves have taken Princess Kenny and instructs you to follow them upstairs and rescue her. Head back into the living room and shoot the light hanging from the ceiling, then use Cup-a-Spell on the candle to take out the spikes on the floor. Shoot the lamp by the front door over, then use Cup-a-Spell on the flame to let Token and Tweek in. Destroy the dresser, then defeat the elves blocking the stairs. The Elven Anti-Magician possesses a large amount of health and armor points, and is immune to magic attacks and the disgusted status affect, so take him out first.
After defeating the elves, head upstairs and enter the second room. Shoot the shelf with the bowling ball, then the light hanging from the ceiling, then the art on the wall. Break the desk on the right, walk up the ramp to the dresser, climb the piece of art like a ladder, head to the top of the cupboard, then slide down the wire onto the bed. Use Kenny's buddy ability to get the elf in the attic to drop down the ladder.
Enter the attic and use Cup-a-Spell on the flames to clear the room of hostiles. Shoot the chest on the right, then drop through the hole to enter the Bard's room.
The Bard has 1620 health points. He has four main attacks, detailed below:
* Pied Piper's Song - Jimmy summons 3 rats to assist him in battle. Kenny's Furry Friends ability will dispose of them quickly.
* Ranged Attack - Jimmy shoots you with his crossbow.
* Lullaby - Puts Jimmy's enemies to sleep. You can mash the button onscreen to stay awake, but your buddy is unable to resist falling asleep.
* The Brown Note - causes your Mana bar to fill up halfway each time if unblocked. If your Mana bar is full, you'll defecate uncontrollably and lose all of your Mana. Stun Jimmy with Dragonshout during the Song of Protection to avoid being hit with the Brown Note.
Upon defeating the Bard, you will regain possession of the Stick of Truth.
# Trainz/Setting Up Software For Content Creation
## Autodesk GMAX

Setting up GMAX is important for consistency in producing digital models. Before you start a model make sure GMAX is set up correctly. It is is still possible to work in imperial measurements if you wish.
* Launch GMAX using the Trainz Asset Creation Studio. GMAX can be launched normally if preferred, but the exporter function is only availble if you have set up the plugins correctly.
* From the main file menu go to Customize>Units Setup and in the dialogue box choose metric.
* From the main file menu go to Customize>Preferences and set the units to your choice. Most creators now use meters, because Trainz basic units of calculations are metres and they'd have to convert back and forth all the time. This is the units your model will be constructed in.

## Autodesk 3DS Max

Make sure you have the latest updates for your version of 3DS Max. Recent updates have fixed compatibility with Windows Vista, Window 7 and Windows 8. 3DS Max has a many options, including all that are available in GMAX plus many more.

## Blender

Blender by Blender.org is a community Freeware and open source 3D graphics modeling software package (similar in development by world wide contributors to Mozilla (Firefox) and Open Office.org's office suite attacking the monopoly of big money software developers) developed expressly for animated 3D modeling. It has become quite popular in the Trainz community as the Commercial 3dsMax software is pricey (A full version priced in March 2014 retailed at $3,645.00 US dollars—a bit high for a hobbyist to shell out. see Today's Amazon.com price].)
There are now many pages in this Trainz book on how to use Blender to make Trainz assets.
# Trainz/Scenarios

This page is a redirect from a Wikibooks Trainz page which either has been moved, or renamed, or a colloquial term or abbreviation with coverage on the targeted page receiving redirected links.