# History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Biographies/Frank Basil Cooke/Notes
## Frank Basil Cooke - Transcriptions and notes
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##### 1907 09

Basil's mum and family depart Fremantle for the eastern states on the GMS Scharnhorst
   SHIPPING. PORT OF FREMANTLE THIS DAY. . . . MIXED NATIONALITIES. The German mail steamer SCHARNHORST, which left today for the Eastern States, brought from Europe to this port a large number of immigrants, the nationalities of which are as follow:— English, 8; Irish, 2; Australian, 7; Scotch, 1; German, 2; Austrian, 6; Italian, 13; Finn, 1. . . . PASSENGERS OUTWARD. The G.M.S. SCHARNHORST today took the following passengers away from Fremantle:— Miss D. McGarry, Miss Waswo, Mrs. Bailey Watson and infant, Miss May Jones, Miss Cadden, Mr. and Mrs. Cribb, Mrs. Cribb, sen., Mr. G. E. Thompson, Miss Cissie Holmes, Mrs. M. Bothroyd, Mr. W. J. F. McGarry, Mrs. R. L. Gilbert and child, Mr. John Goodwin, Rev. and Mrs. Cordiner, Miss Wellsted, Revs. R. Hanlin and H. W. Burridge, Mr. R. Bracks, Mr. and Mrs. Cossons, Mrs. R. A. Martin and child, Mrs. Pitchell and three children, Mr. and Mrs. Battye and four children, Mr. L. Ratazzi, Mr. H. W. Clarke, Miss Bosworth, Mr. J. R. Corp, Mrs. W. E. Cooke and two children, Mr. F. B. Cooke, Miss Cooke, Mr. and Mrs. A. N. Trengrove, Mr. D. Angels, and Mr. Jas John Mews.

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##### 1909 01

Cooke passes three subjects in the University of Adelaide 1908 exams: arithmetic, algebra, geometry
   UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE. JUNIOR PUBLIC EXAMITATION, 1908. THE RESULTS. The following is a list of the results of the recent junior public examination held in November last by the University of Adelaide in this State. . . . Pass List. The following is the list of candidates who have passed in five or more subjects, and who, therefore, receive the junior certificate:— 1, English literature; 2, English history; 3, geography; 4, Greek; 5, Latin; 6, French; 7, German; 8, arithmetic; 9, algebra; 10, geometry; 11, physics; 12, inorganic chemistry; 13, physiology; 14, botany; 15, (a) drawing, 15, (b) theory of music. A "c" denotes credit:— . . . The following candidates passed in less than five subjects:— . . . Frank Basil Cooke, 8, 9, 10;

##### 1909 04

Cooke fills in for his ill mother at a charity bridge tournament at WA Government House in aid of the Waifs' Home
   SOCIAL NOTES. (By "Adrienne.") The bridge tournament in aid of the Waifs' Home, organised by Mrs. Kelsall, Mrs. Swift Pearson, and Mrs. Cook, took place at Government House last evening. The committee cannot be sufficiently grateful to His Excellency, the Lieut.-Governor for his kindness in coming forward to help on their effort by inviting the players to Government House. His Excellency and Lady Stone received at the entrance to the drawing-room, the guests passing to the little tables, which were plentifully distributed in the hall, the boudoir, and the drawing-room. The evening was in every way most thoroughly enjoyable, and was perhaps the most brilliant entertainment of its kind that has taken place in Perth. Everyone had been most good in helping to make the many little arrangements conducive to the pleasant spending of an evening successful, and it would be impossible to give too much praise to the splendid way Mrs. Kelsall and Mrs. Swift Pearson have organised the tournament. Mrs. Cook, who had been taking great interest in the event, was unfortunately, taken ill, and her son, Mr. Basil Cook, took his mother's place, and gave invaluable help, being aided by Mr. Rupert Connor. Something of the work that has been done may be imagined from the fact that all the proceeds taken from the bridge tables were clear profit, sufficient money to defray all expenses having been collected beforehand. Lady Forrest very kindly helped to entertain during the evening, and among the guests were Lady Parker and Lady Cockburn-Campbell, the Mayoress of Perth, and many other well-known people from Perth, Fremantle, and Cottesloe. Mrs. Sydney Emanuel sent beautiful flowers for the supper tables, which were arranged in the dining-room; other flowers and pot plants were furnished by Government House. The supper was in Mrs. Reilly's experienced hands and did her infinite credit. Mrs. Reilly, moreover, by her generosity, considerably helped the charity for which the entertainment was in aid. Mr. Mare and Mr. Bernard Parker acted as masters of ceremonies and Mrs. Brennan did a great deal towards making the decorations as pretty as they were. By kind permission of Colonel Collett, the 11th Australian Infantry Regiment Band played during the evening in the gallery of the hall. The committee desire to thank, for their kind help, a great number of people, among whom are, Charles Moore and Co., Brennan Bros., The Economic, Foy and Gibson, E. S. Wigg and Son, Sands and McDougall, W. Zimpel, and Levinson and Son. The beautiful silver prizes were arranged on a table in the hall and distributed to the winners by Sir Edward Stone. There were three prizes for ladies. The first was a silver-back brush and comb and mirror, donated by Mr. H. H. Cook, and won by Mrs. Learmonth. The second, a silver hand-mirror, given by E. S. Wigg and Son, fell to the share of Mrs. Fletcher. The third, a silver-mounted perfume bottle, donated by Mr. F. Carter, was won by Lady Cockburn-Campbell. The gentlemen also competed for three prizes. The first, a silver-mounted umbrella, given by Mr. James Brennan, was won by Mr. Nottage Moseley. The second, a silver sovereign-case, donated by Mr. J. Pearl, fell to the lot of Mr. Jack Samson; the successful winner of the third, a silver ash tray, given by Levinson and Son, being won by Mr. Griffith Foulkes. It is the hope of the committee that the success of the bridge tournament may not only have the effect of bringing in an acceptable sum of money to help on the splendid work of the Sisters at Parkerville among the babies of the State, but also that it will have the more far-reaching effect of creating a deeper and more practical interest in that fine work which is so quietly and unselfishly and nobly done.

##### 1909 12

Cooke passes two subjects in the University of Adelaide 1908 exams:
   UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE. EXAMINATION RESULTS, 1909. The following results of examinations of candidates from the Western Australian Centre in connection with the Adelaide University have been supplied by Mr. E. A. Randell, secretary for the centre:— . . . SENIOR PUBLIC EXAMINATION, 1909. List of candidates, who have passed in five or more subjects, and who, therefore, receive the senior certificate. 1, English literature; 2a, modern history; 2b, ancient history; 3, Greek; 4, Latin; 5, French; 6, German; 7, arithmetic and algebra; 8, geometry; 9, trigonometry; 10, physics; 11, inorganic chemistry; 12, physiology; 13, botany; 14, physical geography and geology; 15a, drawing; 15b, music. An asterisk denotes credit:— . . . List of candidates who have passed in less than five subjects:— . . . Frank Basil Cooke, 7, 10.

### 1910s
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##### 1912 01
##### 1912 02

Cooke's father voices public opposition to the choice of the Perth Observatory as the site for WA's University
   WEST AUSTRALIAN UNIVERSITY. THE CHOICE OF A SITE. THE OBSERVATORY AND THE UNIVERSITY. The Government Astronomer, Mr. W. E. Cooke, writes as follows, in view of the proposals to take the Observatory and parliamentary grounds for the purposes of the University:— I see by today's paper that there really is some chance of the Observatory site being chosen by the committee for our University. In urging the following objections, I am trying to sink every atom of personal feeling, and to speak only as one who has for many years taken a deep interest in the University question; also, of course, as one having the interests of the Observatory at heart. I understand that those who favour this site propose to take in Parliament grounds and House, the High School site, the Observatory, and a piece of the Park, in all about 45 acres. Now, if it is possible for the sad experience of others to teach us anything at all, there is surely one lesson, that we ought by now to know by heart, and that is, that in planning a future University, the very first essential is to secure at least 100 acres. This has been regarded as a minimum. Surely, it is the depth of unwisdom to ignore such unanimous advice as we have received. It has had such an accumulated effect upon my mind that I would unhesitatingly refuse to even consider a site where, only 45 acres were available, no matter what present advantages there might appear to be. The Adelaide people, for example, bitterly reproach the original selectors of their University site though these erred thoughtlessly. What will posterity think of us, if we deliberately place our University upon a site which we know will be unsuitable and cause grave trouble in, say, a century or less? I scarcely think that any member of the board would suggest the abolition of the Observatory, the State's one contribution to scientific research. Therefore, I suppose it would, by those who favour this site, be proposed to incorporate the Observatory with the University. At first glance this appears very pretty and an easy solution of the difficulty. But whilst I should like the Observatory to be in some way affiliated with the University, it would, I think, destroy our scientific usefulness to be absorbed. Our work would then perforce take on another character. It is probably not realised by members of the board how very badly standard astronomical work, of the kind we are doing, is required in the Southern Hemisphere. We have already succeeded in building up a reputation for useful, accurate work of this description, and I believe the Perth Observatory is generally regarded as the one institution in Australia that is steadily following along the right lines. At the risk of a charge of egotism I must support this by a few references. In the "Lone Hand" for December, 1908, or thereabouts, in an article entitled "Watchers of the South," the following occurs:— "Of the four Australian stations, that of Perth is at present the one live institution . . . . A young, vigorous establishment, Perth may be looked to for a brilliant record in the future." This is worth noting, because, as a rule, the "Lone Hand" cannot be accused of partiality towards Western Australia. In an article entitled "Astronomy in Australia" in the "Observatory" for October, 1911 (the "Observatory" is the leading British astronomical journal), the writer quotes from a letter written by Mr. John Tebbutt, the veteran and world-renowned amateur astronomer of New South Wales: — "As an example of the work required to be done in our State Observatory, let me point to the excellent work now issued from the Perth Observatory, Western Australia. Had work like that been carried out at Sydney during the past half-century, we should now have something to boast of." Once more, in the "Observatory" for December, 1911, Professor Turner writes:— "In 1911, 24 years after the conference of 1887, which decided on the charting of the heavens by photography, the first printed measures for the Southern Hemisphere have at last appeared! And they are from an Observatory which started 13 years behind the others, to take the place of one which never started at all. Mr. W. E. Cooke, of Perth, deserves a word of praise for being first in the field with his contribution of 14,000 stars, and it is to be hoped than when a beginning has once been made other Observatories will follow suit." All this shows that the work we are now doing is just exactly that which the world requires, and, after the good start we have made, it would be wicked to do anything to interfere with it. It may perhaps be thought that a transfer to the University need not interfere with the routine, but that would certainly not be the case. The work we are doing at present is suitable work for State Observatory, but it is not at all the kind that would be required by the University. There can be no doubt whatever that absorption by the University would mean cessation of our present activities. It must not be thought that I am opposed to the affiliation of the Observatory with the University, but it must be upon proper lines. As an example, I happen to know that the State of New South Wales is now reorganising its astronomical department. It intends to remove its Observatory to a new site, provide new instruments, and commence a series of astronomical observations somewhat similar to those we are taking. That will be its first consideration. In addition the Goverrnment Astronomer will also be appointed Professor of Astronomy at the Sydney University, but his main duty will be his scientific work at the State Observatory. So it ought to be here. Sydney intends to make a completely new start, and has nothing except the best interests of the two institutions to consider, and yet it means to make the Observatory a State department first of all. How much more ought we to maintain ours as such, when we have undoubted evidence that it has been established on a sound basis, and is doing such useful work?

##### 1912 03

Marriage announcement for Cooke's eldest sister Violet
   THE LADIES' PAGE. . . . The marriage of Miss Violet Cooke, eldest daughter of Mr. W. E. Cooke, of the Observatory, happens at St. Mary's Church, Colin-street, on Thursday.
As previous
   THE LADIES' PAGE. Perth Prattle. . . . Mrs. W. E. Cooke, of the Observatory, made the beautiful bride-cake for her daughter's wedding, and also, with Miss Cooke's assistance, created the magnificent wedding gown worn on Thursday. . . .

##### 1912 04

Cooke's father promotes the Great Star Map
   THE GREAT STAR MAP. A GIGANTIC UNDERTAKING. In "Murray's February List" the following reference appears to a new astronomical work, "The Great Star Map," by H. H. Turner, D.Sc., F.R.S., Savilian Professor of Astronomy in the University of Oxford:— "In 1887 an International Conference at Paris determined to map the places of all stars in the heavens brighter than a certain standard by photographic means. The work has proved far more serious than was at first anticipated, and is not yet accomplished. It involves the taking of 20,000 photographs and the measurement of eight or nine million star images. It was divided among 18 Observatories, and two of these, Greenwich and Oxford, have practically completed their portions. Professor Turner, who has superintended the Oxford work, gives a brief popular account of the scope of the work and of the problems which it will assist in solving, with incidental references to recent discoveries which concern the constitution of the universe of stars." Mr. W. E. Cooke, Government Astronomer, under whose notice this was brought, has courteously supplied the following interesting notes:— The work was initiated because it was overwhelmingly felt that it was time to commence a systematic study of the deeper problems of astronomy. At first astronomers were quite content to spend themselves in making this map and catalogue without hope of immediate returns, but simply as the foundation upon which their successors will build. But virtue has not been left to be its sole reward. Already many points of extreme interest have been suggested, and avenues of fresh research opened in every direction. In all civilised countries astronomy is "booming" as it never has before. It is almost impossible to open a semi-scientific popular magazine without finding some living articles on astronomical subjects. In this short review it is impossible to begin to do justice to the many points that this great undertaking has raised. Professor Turner's book is fascinating in every line, and should be read from start to finish. But amongst other matters mention might be made of one or two, though too brief for full comprehension. During the course of the work it has frequently happened that for various reasons the same region has been photographed twice at intervals of several years. A casual comparison of the two plates revealed the possibility of ascertaining a good deal about the movements and constitution of the universe even in such a short space of time as 10 years, and so many Observatories have deliberately retaken some of their earlier photographs and compared the two series. One very striking fact has been brought to light. It was to be expected that only a small proportion of all the stars photographed would show a distinct movement in this interval — only those, in fact, which are comparatively close to us. That has been borne out. But the next point is the unexpected one. Some plates show as many as 5,000 stars, whilst others of equal area show less than 100, and one would naturally expect to find a greater number with perceptible motion on the former than on the latter. That, however, has not proved to be the case. There are just as many motion stars, on the average, on one plate as on another, no matter whether the region be rich or poor in stars. That really means that the sun is one of a large group, of stars, and that this group is separated by a relatively large distance from the rest of the universe. True, the distances within the group have to be measured mostly by hundreds of millions of miles, but these distances must be regarded as small when compared with those which separate our solar cluster from the remainder of the universe. A further study reveals the probability that our solar cluster is a typical, "unit," and that the universe is built to a large extent of clusters of suns, not single stars. This agrees with the scheme of evolution suggested by a telescopic study of nebulae. Now it is quite conceivable, since we believe that everything is in rapid motion, that in course of time two of these clusters might approach and interpenetrate one another, and one of the very latest discoveries shows that that is exactly what has happened in our own case. The stars in our "neighbourhood," i.e. practically all those whose distances we have been able to approximately estimate, have lately been shown to be divisible into two distinct groups, moving through space in opposite directions in two great streams. At first this may sound alarming and lead to anticipations of dire collisions, but the distances of the several individuals from each other is so enormous compared with their actual size that the probability against an encounter is tremendous. Still such things do happen in other parts of space occasionally, but those mostly or entirely occur when one of the clusters is still in a nebulous condition and so occupying an enormous area. Perhaps this very imperfect sketch may suffice to arouse interest in this popular book, but the following quotation from the work may be added to show one of the important side issues of the scheme. Professor Turner says:— "At the last meeting (1909 Paris Conference) it became clear that the assembly had developed from a mere collection of those interested in a particular project into an organisation of the world's resources for the promotion of the astronomy of position." Western Australians may be proud to be reminded that the Perth Observatory is one of the 18 active workers in this great scheme, and has already made considerable headway with its allotted share. It did not come into it till about 15 years after its inception, and at first was considerably hampered by the meteorological service. The latter, however, has been taken over by the Commonwealth, and the progress of the astronomical portion has been very solid and steady. Already the publication of results has commenced, and this forms the first visible contribution to the work from the Southern Hemisphere.
As previous, Cooke's father writes a letter to the editor with clarification of his article
   THE GREAT STAR MAP. To the Editor. Sir,— In my notes on "The Great Star Map" in today's "West Australian" the substitution of an m for a b alters the sense entirely. The distances within the solar group are measured by hundreds of billions (i.e., millions of millions). To those who know that the diameter of our own orbit round the sun is nearly 200 millions of miles, the statement that the stars are separated merely by hundreds of millions sounds ridiculous and spoils the whole sense of proportion, so I shall be obliged if you will insert this correction. I know that these big figures sound very much alike, and probably nobody can adequately distinguish between 100 million miles and 100 billion; but if, as is customary, we take the earth's distance from the sun (roughly 100 million) as unity, and understand that on this scale our nearest distances outside the planetary system run into the millions, then we do begin to obtain a glimmering of the true perspective, because anybody can understand, roughly, the distinction between one and a million.— Yours, etc., W. E. COOKE. Perth Observatory, April 10.
A humorous columnist takes aim at Cooke's father
   AN ANECDOTE OF 'ANCOCK. NIPPING A NEWSPAPER. . . . CORRECT TIME. Recently writer saw an official emerge from the portentous premises where they discover the canals on Mars to be cobwebs across the lens of the telescope. He paused before the "Correct Time" clock and waited. Bang! It was the 1 o'clock gun, and, before the smell of its smoke sulphur could enter the whisky bar of adjacent Parliament House, the official gravely brought forward the hands of the clock seven minutes! The man who saw the solemn proceedings is still wondering whether the clock was seven minutes late in an hour, a day, a week, a month, a year, or quite a long time! If not too busy telling us that rain may be expected between July and Eucla, Cooke might answer the conundrum.

##### 1912 06

Visiting New Zealand Government Astronomer comments favourably on the appointment of Cooke's father
   THE NEW CHAIR. TO STUDY ASTRONOMY. PRACTICAL RESULTS IN NEW ZEALAND. The arrival in Australia of Mr. C. E. Adams, the New Zealand Government Astronomer, on a special mission, has exceptional interest, because it synchronises with the establishment of a Chair of Astronomy at the Sydney University. He shows that the New Zealand Observatory is doing valuable practical work, and incidentally indicates that Australia, specialising in astronomy — and with the establishment of a solar physics observatory as a possibility of the near future, is on the threshold of an important scientific development. Mr. Adams stated yesterday that the establishment of the Chair of Astronomy at the Sydney University was a very progressive step, and that, in taking it, the University was following the example set by Oxford and Cambridge, where astronomy was an important subject in the curriculum. He considered that New South Wales was to be congratulated upon having obtained the services of Mr. Cooke as Government Astronomer, and Professor of Astronomy, Mr. Cooke had displayed ability and energy while in charge of the Perth Observatory, and had done an immense amount of work of first class importance. In appointing an Australian native, as Mr. Cooke was, New South Wales was acting in accordance with the advice given many years ago by a former Astronomer Royal, the late Mr G. B. Airy, to New Zealand. When requested to send out a capable and fully-qualified astronomer, he had replied: "Why don't you train one yourselves?" SYSTEMATIC WORK. Mr. Adams said that observatory work in Australasia required to be co-ordinated and he hoped that New South Wales would join in a systematic effort. Mr. Adams stated he was desirous of enlarging the scope of the New Zealand Observatory, and with this end in view, had been through the Adelaide, Melbourne, and Sydney Observatories and collected a great deal of information. In 1868 Sir James Hector had started the present-time observatory in Wellington, and its chief duty was to distribute standard time all over New Zealand. The equipment was sufficient for time purposes, but they had not been able to do any fundamental work in astronomy. At different times the observatory had taken part in longitude determinations. In 1883 a special observatory had been erected by his father, Mr. C. W. Adams, and the late Mr. Russell, for the purpose of determining the longitude of New Zealand. In 1903 Professor Klotz using the Pacific cable, made a similar determination via Canada from Greenwich, and also determined the longitude of Sydney. That gave a check on the determination 20 years previously, there being a difference of only 17 feet in the two results. REQUEST FROM THE CAPE. The Cape Astronomer (Mr. Hough), had recommended New Zealand to start fundamental meridian observations, this forming the basis of the work required in navigation, surveying, etc. The Government had, therefore, deputed him to obtain all the information he could from the Australian observatories, and on his return he would make certain recommendations, as a result of which he hoped an observatory with a much larger scope would be erected. They had in Wellington a strong astronomical society connected with the New Zealand Institute, which was putting up a small observatory with a refracting equatorial telescope. The Wellington college had purchased a Zeiss refracting telescope, and the Canterbury college had an equatorial telescope. Wanganui had the largest telescope in New Zealand, and some fine double-star work had been done there. There was also a strong astronomical society in Dunedin, so that in the Dominion astronomy was becoming a popular study. Referring to the work done by the Government observatory, Mr. Adams said that time signals were sent out every hour. The people in Wellington and the shipping in the harbour were given the correct time every night by electric light. At a quarter to nine o'clock a green light was shown, at five minutes to nine a red light, and at one minute to nine a white light. The whole three were switched out precisely at 9 o'clock. They hoped to utilise their wireless stations, and send out time signals broadcast at 11.30 pm., which was equivalent to Greenwich noon, and if every Australian station did the same thing it would be a great advantage. Mr. Adams will return to New Zealand by the Warrimoo today.

##### 1912 07

Cooke's father about to take up duties as NSW Government Astronomer
   THE OBSERVATORY. A MOVE FORWARD. UP-TO-DATE EQUIPMENT. Mr. W. E. Cooke, M A., late Government Astronomer at Perth, Western Australia, will shortly take up his work at the Sydney Observatory, having recently been appointed Government Astronomer in New South Wales, and Professor of Astronomy at Sydney University. A number of important changes are contemplated in connection with the Sydney Observatory including the removal of the Observatory from its present historic site. For a number of reasons the present site is unsuitable. The lights of a great city at nighttime — and the lights of Sydney grow in volume year by year — cause a haze, and the smoke that rises from the city more particularly in the direction of Botany, sometimes obscures the view to such an extent as to render astronomical observations if not impossible at least unsatisfactory. The Government has already determined upon moving the Observatory, and various sites have been suggested. It will be for Mr Cooke to say which site shall be selected. One suggestion is that Wahroonga would be suitable for the purpose but the probability is that the site will be even further distant from Sydney — probably near Epping. For it has to be kept in mind that the city is growing all the time, and the Government is building not only for the next 10, 20, or 30 years, but for a hundred years or more. At the same time, the site must be within a reasonable distance of Sydney, as the astronomer will probably have to visit the University two or three times a week to deliver lectures there. What is to be done with the old building — whether it will be utilised for some other public purpose or whether it will be pulled down and the space be added to the present Observatory Hill Park — has not yet been decided.
   OUT-OF-DATE INSTRUMENTS. But this much is certain, much of the equipment of the old Observatory, which has done duty for so long, has outlived its usefulness, and will have to go. If we are to have an observatory at all, it must be equipped with modern instruments and be brought into line with the observatories of other parts of the world. This does not mean, of course, that we must necessarily have telescopes comparable in size and range with those of the Yerkes or Lick observatories. There is an astronomical clock at the Observatory that was made 110 years ago (probably one of the two provided by Governor Brisbane who was himself an enthusiastic astronomer), and there are other clocks there nearly a century old. One may see any day at the Observatory seven clocks in a row ticking off the seconds and even the half seconds and the variation in time is so slight that the ordinary human would be glad if his modern make of watch kept such good time, but to the men on duty at the Observatory the slightest variation in time mean a great deal. They mean the most careful and elaborate mathematical calculations. It is not quite a case of striking the average;" it is something more difficult, something more abstruse than that. It means picking up the stars through the telescope and making most minute calculations. Sometimes — as has happened lately, with thick weather — no star is to be seen, and the astronomer waits patiently watching the sky for a break, all through the night, without reward. It is then that the clocks are compared, certain calculations are made, based on the variation in their time extending over some days, and something in the way of an average is struck.
   AN EXACT SCIENCE. Seconds or half seconds are not exact enough for an Observatory man; astronomy is a more exact science than that. If an astronomer cannot tell the time by tenths of seconds he is far from satisfied. And all this that the people may have correct time, and the manner when he leaves port may not be out in his reckoning. Not only is the "time" department of the Observatory constantly connected with the Post and Telegraph Office and with several of the principal watchmaking and jewellery establishments of the city, but every day the time is flashed through to Newcastle. Masters of ships steaming out of Sydney Harbour or leaving Newcastle get their time from the Observatory. At sea the master of navigation takes his own observations, but when in port he relies on the Observatory. The suggestion is now made that the time should be flashed at stated intervals by wireless to the furthermost point on land and sea capable of receiving it with a chain of wireless stations throughout Australia — as will soon be the case — and with so many vessels equipped with wireless apparatus sailing in these waters, a scheme of this kind, if practicable, would prove a great boon. It would, for one thing, be a valuable check on the observations of the master mariner. It is very probable that before taking up active work at the Sydney Observatory Mr. Cooke may be sent abroad by the Government for 12 months, to study the most recent developments in astronomical, as well as meteorological, work, and possibly also to acquire some modern instruments. This would fill in his time with advantage to himself and the State, whilst the new observatory building was being erected.
   PAST HISTORY. Sydney's Observatory dates back to our earliest days. Colonel Collins, in his history of New South Wales, tells us that "among the buildings that were undertaken shortly after our arrival must be mentioned an observatory, which was marked out on the western point of the cove, to which the astronomical instruments were sent which had been sent out by the Board of Longitude for the purpose of observing the comet. . . . The construction of this building was placed under the direction of Lieutenant Dawes, of the Marines, who, having made this branch of science his peculiar study, was appointed by the Board of Longitude to make astronomical observations in this country." The comet for which all these preparations were made was that which had been observed in 1532 and 1661, and which was expected to return about the end of 1788 or the beginning of 1789. It was one of the 24 which Dr. Halley had used in his celebrated investigation, in which he proved that comets were subject to the then new law of gravitation, and, like all other astronomical bodies, revolved about some centre. We are not told what happened at that observatory, but we know that Lieutenant Dawes was a most energetic officer. It is not without interest to state, in view of the celebrations that are to take place next year to commemorate the centenary of the crossing of the Blue Mountains, that Lieutenant Dawes made several early attempts to find a road over those mountains, and though, like so many others, he failed in this, it was not until he had made many journeys about these almost inaccessible mountains that he gave up the enterprise. We hear nothing further of the observatory at Dawe's Point. The next thing we know is that on the arrival of the Governor at Brisbane a site was selected for the observatory at the rear of Government House, Parramatta, and the building was completed and ready for use by the end of April, 1822. At his own cost, Sir Thomas Brisbane provided a very complete set of instruments, and he secured the services of Mr. Carl S. Rumker, afterwards director of the observatory at Hamburg, and Mr. James Dunlop, as assistant and mechanic. When Governor Brisbane left the colony in 1827, the Government purchased all his interest in the observatory.
   THE PARRAMATTA OBELISK. The old Parramatta observatory has long since gone to decay, but there stands a white marble obelisk exactly in the position occupied by the transit instrument in former years, on which an outline diagram of this instrument has been engraved, and the following words inscribed: "An Astronomical Observatory was founded here May 2, 1822, by Sir Thomas Makdougal Brisbane, K. C. B., F. R. S., Governor of New South Wales. This obelisk was erected in 1880 to mark the site of the transit instrument in that observatory." In 1856 the Rev. W. Scott, M.A., of Sidney Sussex College Cambridge, was selected by the Astronomer Royal to fill the office of astronomer in New South Wales, and on his arrival the Observatory was established on its present site on Flagstaff Hill. Much good work was done in Mr Scott's time — he resigned in 1862 — and much has been done since. Mr. George R. Smalley, observer at the Cape of Good Hope, was selected as Mr. Scott's successor. Mr Smalley died in Sydney in July, 1870 and Mr. H. C. Russell, who had joined the observatory staff in 1851 as Mr. Scott's assistant was appointed Government Astronomer. Mr Russell was singularly successful, more particularly as a meteorologist. After Mr Russell's appointment new instruments were purchased and they have done good service. Today however, some of them are far behind the times. Some years ago a Milne seismograph was erected at the observatory, and half-yearly records are forwarded to the seismological section of the British Association for the Advancement of Science.

##### 1912 08

Cooke's father submits his preliminary report on path forward for the Sydney Observatory
   FEDERAL OBSERVATORY. MR. COOKE'S PRELIMINARY REPORT. IMPORTANT SUGGESTIONS. REVOLUTION OF METHODS. Mr. W. E. Cooke, M.A., F.R.A.S., the recently appointed Government Astronomer, arrived in Sydney today by the Melbourne express. He has taken up his official duties, and has submitted the following report as to the organisation of the Federal Observatory upon an international basis:— Mr. Cooke commences his report by stating that no better time than the present could have been chosen for the reorganisation of the observatory. Astronomy was being organised upon an international basis throughout the world, and if the proposition had been acted upon earlier obsolete methods might have been adopted. A new observatory must be established, and new instruments were required. Hitherto the work conducted in the observatories was largely meteorological, and most of the astronomical work had been merely casual. The reorganised Sydney Observatory would practically be the first to be started under the new conditions, and its functions must necessarily be fairly general. He divides the whole scheme under different heads. (1) The basic backbone of scientific work; (2) University Work; (3) Practical Work; (4) Encouragement of Research; (5) The Astrographic Chart; (6) General Equatorial Observation; (7) The Popular Branch; and under these heads he comprehensively deals with the whole scope and objects of an observatory working in conjunction with the scheme internationally adopted and concludes by remarking:— "I cannot see why the observatory should hold itself aloof from the humble beginner in a noble science. It is the duty of a State Astronomer to assist all members of the public who are interested in his particular branch. An elementary knowledge of the stars is a marvellously potent factor in a man's real education. Modern life tends to give us a false perspective — to fill our mental horizon with non-essentials. A study of astronomy tends to rectify that and to lift our thoughts to things that really matter. Somebody once said to me, "After a man's first look through a large telescope he cannot be quite the same as he was before," and this expresses a great truth. So I propose to take the public in hand, if they will allow me, to show them how they can learn a great deal about our wonderful universe with only a pair of eyes and a field-glass, and to give them every encouragement in my power to learn more and more about the glorious constellations which blaze night after night in our Australian skies. I must, however, ask them to be patient and wait until I am properly established in the new institution. My first immediate efforts must be devoted to an overhaul of back work, and to preparations for removal, as the present observatory will very soon become temporarily unfit for the reception of visitors."
Cooke still in Perth, to lecture on wireless telegraphy and demonstrate his own instruments
   NEWS AND NOTES. . . . Natural History and Science Society.— The Natural History and Science Society have arranged an excursion, under the leadership of Dr. Morrison, to Cannington tomorrow afternoon. The train leaves the central rail-way station at 1.20, and the return train reaches Perth at 6.9. The next general meeting of the Society will be held at the Observatory on Tuesday, September 3, at 8 p.m., when Mr. Basil Cooke will give an ac-count of the history and theory of wireless telegraphy, and a practical demonstration with apparatus of his own construction.

##### 1912 12

Cooke attends with a group from the Natural History and Science Club, the VIP Applecross station
   Vibrations From Applecross. WONDERS OF WIRELESS. (Specially Contributed.) Down a long white road, and up a short red one, is the way to that wonder of wonders, the "wireless" at Applecross. The tower sprouts gracefully against the sky, visible at five miles away, and seems to draw one irresistibly, towards it. From the Applecross jetty, recently, forty eager pedestrians, members of the Natural History and Science Club, strained towards this dominating feature of the landscape. There were young men and maidens, old men and — no not children; there are no children nowadays. Mr. and Mrs. Hillson Beasley met the party at the jetty, and the white road was soon dotted by groups of twos and threes in lively conversation, which served to make the two-mile walk short and sweet. At the gates of the station — new gates enclosing the newly-cut red road — all the party stopped, and camped opposite in the bush, where a delightful picnic tea was partaken of. Four or five well-known Perth doctors mingled with young electricians, unbent from their professional severity, and stoked the fire, rinsed out cups, and handed round sandwiches like ordinary folk, while the ladies, historical, scientific, and otherwise, sat ornamentally on the grass. After half an hour's rest, the visitors, led by Mr. Hancock, the Government electrician, who was in charge of the excursion, began to straggle up the red road towards the wireless station, passing on their way the new official residences, whose red-tiled roofs make a pleasant splash of colour against the green hillside. Steeper and steeper grows the road, and at last, on cleared ground close to the station, one gets a fine view of the blue river below the slope, the curve of Lucky Bay outlining with its white sand the distant promitory, on which stands the Hotel Melville. But one can hardly look at the view for the magnetic counter attraction of the great tower. It seems to embody and typify all the intellectual power and daring of modern science. Power speaks in its supporting massive cables, bolted into concrete turrets, built at intervals into the hillside ; daring in its soaring summit, and its marvellous network of live wires. There is nothing "wireless," about the station at anyrate. The tower is nearly 400 feet high, and weighs 100 tons. The base is insulated by resting on five or six layers of wonderfully ground glass — specially prepared, of course. What a marvellous feat of engineering! A hundred tons of steel resting on a few discs of glass. After the party had enthused over the tower, the engine-room, was visited. While the oil-fed monster was being set in motion to generate the current, a side door opened, and the Governor appeared with three of his daughters. He expressed himself in his usual graceful manner as delighted to join the party, and after taking an interest in the engine, was escorted by the manager and Mr. Hancock to the other buildings, where the sending and receiving take place. Here shining induction coils and intricate machinery meet the eye, and His Excellency and the superintendent talked learnedly of high tension currents, transformers, and spark gaps, while lay onlookers listened in awed silence. The high tension current by the way, renders its immediate neighbourhood dangerous, and the whole party was dismissed into the next room before it was set going. There, from a safe distance, they watched the operator, and listened to the loud steady humming that filled the empty room. The manager of the station was exceedingly courteous and patient under a fire of miscellaneous questions, from such subjects as the cost of the station (which he said runs into about £30,000) to the greatest distance reached by the wave messages — about 3,000 miles. After His Excellency and party had driven off, bowing their thanks, the Natural History and Science Society also took leave of the interesting spot and straggled down the white road again to the boat, botanizing as they went. This was voted the most successful afternoon yet spent. Among the party were Dr. Thorpe (president), Dr. Tratman, Dr. and Mrs. Harvey, Dr. and Mrs. Webster, Miss Creeth, Mr. and Mrs. Frank Barrett, Mr. Hancock, and Mrs. Hancock, Mr. and Mrs. Hillson Beasley, Mr. Maurice Brown (secretary of the Society), Mr. East, Mr. Cooke (of the Observatory), Mr. Basil Cooke, Miss Erica Cooke, Miss Marmion, and others.

#### 1914
##### 1914 01
##### 1914 02

Cooke's father still bogged down in State / Federal politics
   SYDNEY TIME. TO THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD. Sir,— It is evident, from letters that have recently appeared in the "Herald," that the Sydney public requires a better system of time than at present in existence. This necessity forced itself upon my attention when I first assumed control of the Observatory, and I have been quietly working for an improvement ever since. It is quite obvious that every clock in the State ought to conform to one definite system, and it is equally obvious that that system should originate at the Observatory. Unfortunately, however, this institution has not yet a fixed place of abode, and is consequently not yet in a position to take any active steps. Much of the preliminary work has, however, been accomplished. My aim is to distribute absolutely correct time not only to Sydney, not only to New South Wales, but to every dweller in Australia, and every ship within Australian waters. For the latter portion of the scheme of course the co-operation of the other Australian Observatories and the Federal Government is required; but experiments in wireless time signalling are now being carried out by the Federal department for that purpose. With respect to Sydney, arrangements for giving every telephone subscriber correct Observatory time at any moment of the day or night are nearly completed, and this alone will probably compel the owners of all public clocks to keep them accurate. The actual mechanical control of clocks, public and private, is another matter altogether. This, I think, should be undertaken by those who have control of the wires, and probably the Post and Telegraph Department would do so if there was a sufficient demand. Failing this a system of control by wireless is feasible. Experiments in this direction are being commenced, and this may perhaps, if necessary, be undertaken by the Observatory, when it is properly installed in its new quarters at Wahroonga. Finally, I wish to contradict an unfortunate misstatment in Mr. A. J. Vogan's letter in today's "Herald," headed "Behind the Times." The time ball is not "let go" by hand, but is still dropped mechanically, as it has always been, and may confidently be accepted as the most reliable time signal possible. The wireless installation at Pennant Hills does not affect us in the slightest. I am, etc., W. E. COOKE, Government Astronomer. Feb. 17.

##### 1914 12
#### 1915
##### 1915 12
#### 1916
##### 1916 12

Cooke and his father read a paper to the Royal Society on Wireless Times Signals, mentions that they possess an Audio detector one of the first in Australia
   ROYAL SOCIETY. MARVELS OF WIRELESS. At last night's meeting of the Royal Society a paper was contributed by Professor W. E. Cooke and Mr. F. B. Cooke on "Wireless Times Signals." Incidentally Professor Cooke stated that the Sydney Observatory had been fortunate in obtaining a recent form of Audion detector, which was as yet little known in Australia By its means one could practically avoid the jamming which caused so much inconvenience and could cover distances impossible with the very best crystal detectors. For example on the only two occasions when attempts at great distances were made at the Observatory, which possessed only a small aerial and outfit, no difficulty had been experienced in hearing conversations from Darien, Japan, Honolulu and San Francisco, and even Tuckerton (New Jersey), 10,000 miles away, had been heard talking to Berlin. Father Pigot read a paper on the "Foucault Pendulum," which enables actual records of the earth's rotation to be obtained. He mentioned that, besides photographic experiments, he had been carrying out at the Queen Victoria Markets with the permission of the Lord Mayor, another series of Foucault-pendulum observations adopting a new visual method capable of a high degree of accuracy. These experiments, as well as the photographic ones, were still in progress, and both series, when completed, would form the subject of a later communication to the society.
As previous, further detail
   THE ROYAL SOCIETY. At the general monthly meeting of the Royal Society, held in the society's rooms, last night, five interesting papers were read. R. T. Baker read a paper on "An Undescribed Darwinia and its Essential Oil." "The Trematodes of Australian Birds" was given by S. J. Johnston; "The Action of Pancreatic Juice upon Milk," by H. G. Chapman; "A Photographic Foucault-Pendulum," by the Rev. E. F. Pigot; and "Wireless Time-Signals — Some Suggested Improvements," by W. E. and F. B. Cooke. In this latter Professor Cooke incidentally pointed out that by means of an Audion detector, distances can be covered that would be impossible with the very best crystal detectors. The Observatory had lately obtained one of these detectors.

#### 1919
##### 1919 01
##### 1919 12
### 1920s
#### 1922
##### 1922 01
##### 1922 04

Cooke returns to Sydney
   MAGIC SPARK. Radio News Budget. . . . BY DOT DASH. . . . PERSONAL. Mr. Basil Cooke, well-known to radio experimenters, has returned to Sydney, and is again devoting his time to the fascinating hobby. . . .

##### 1922 07

Cooke, as Hon. Treasurer of WIA NSW, advertises a wireless demonstration in Sydney
   UNDER THE PATRONAGE AND IN THE PRESENCE OF THEIR EXCELLENCIES SIR WALTER AND DAME MARGARET DAVIDSON, at THE LITTLE THEATRE (The Playhouse), CASTLEREAGH-STREET, SYDNEY. Entertainment by the Renowned CHEERO GIRLS, on WEDNESDAY, 2nd AUGUST, 1922, at 8 P.M. Special Programme under the direction of Mrs. Bennett White, on behalf of the WIRELESS INSTITUTE OF AUSTRALIA (N.S.W. Division) Proceeds go towards providing Demonstration Apparatus, and equipment of the Institute's Sydney Clubroom. TICKETS, 5/ (Reserved), and 3/. Obtainable at Paling's. Plan at Paling's. PHIL. RENSHAW, Hon. Sec. F. BASIL COOKE, Hon. Treas.
As previous, further detail
   NEAR AND FAR. . . . The "Cheero Girls," under the personal direction of Mrs. Bennett White, have arranged to give an entertainment in the Little Theatre, the Playhouse, Castlereagh-street, on August 2 next. The entertainment, which will be given under the patronage and in the presence of their Excellencies, Sir Walter and Dame Margaret Davidson, has been arranged with the object of raising funds to assist the Wireless Institute of Australia (New South Wales division) in the purchase of scientific apparatus for demonstration purposes and the equipment of the institute's Sydney clubroom, which is situated at Queen's-chambers, Dalley-street, Sydney. A ladies' committee has been formed to organise the entertainment, under the direction of Mrs. Moroney. The men's committee consists of members of the institute including Mr. F. Basil Cooke (hon. treasurer for the entertainment), and Mr. Phil. Renshaw (hon. secretary of the Institute). The Wireless Institute in New South Wales was the first society of wireless enthusiasts to be formed in the British Empire, having been founded in 1910 and having for its objects the promotion of the scientific study and investigation of wireless telegraphy and telephony and the allied sciences, and to assist its members with advice and instruction. On the outbreak of war over 90 per cent. of the members enlisted for active service, and many of them achieved great success throughout the campaigns in France, Gallipoli, Mesopotamia, and Palestine. There now exists a division of the Institute in each State of the Commonwealth except Tasmania, where one is now being organised.

##### 1922 09

Cooke to judge exhibits at the Metropolitan Radio Club's exhibition
   THE MAGIC SPARK. Radio Notes and News. FORTHCOMING EXHIBITION. BY DOT DASH. Many experimenters are now busy preparing exhibits for the forthcoming public exhibition, under the auspices of the Metropolitan Radio Club, and from all appearances the show should be a huge success. It will be the first exhibition of its kind in Australasia. Mr. Chas. Maclurcan has consented to judge the exhibits in conjunction with Mr. Basil Cooke and Mr. J. Reed. The club committee is arranging lectures and demonstrations for the entertainment of visitors, and permission is to be sought to receive radio music, which will be amplified in the hall by a loud speaker. The show will be in the Congregational Hall, next to the Criterion Theatre, Pitt-street, Sydney, on Friday, September 22, and Saturday 23. The judging will be carried out on the morning of the first day, and the official opening in the evening.

##### 1922 12

Announcement of Cooke's radio company in Wireless Weekly, doubtful claims to being first to hear America and Europe
   NEW RADIO COMPANY. We learn with interest that a new Wireless Company has commenced activities in Sydney, under the name of "Radio Company," at Poster House, on the corner of Lang and Grosvenor Streets, near the Wentworth Hotel. Mr. F. Basil Cooke has been appointed Manager of this Company. Mr. Cooke has always been in the front rank of amateur wireless in Australia, and was the first amateur to hear messages from America and Europe. The Radio Company at present is going through the tedious process of formation, but hopes within a couple of weeks to have sufficient stock to commence activities, at which time Mr. Cooke hopes to be able to offer amateurs many novel and interesting adjuncts to their hobbies. Mr. Cooke informs us that it is his sincere wish to work harmoniously with all interested in wireless, and first and foremost his policy will be to endeavour to supply the experimenters with their exact requirements. Further, having lived in the country, he is in a position to cater for the requirements of the man on the land, and he will endeavour to supply a much needed and long felt want to the farmer, who has so few chances of recreation enjoyed by the city folk. The Radio Company invites all interested in wireless to call and have a chat about radio matters generally, and will always welcome any one bringing along their troubles. Affiliated with the Company will be a new College, called "Radio College." The purpose of this College will be to supply beginners in wireless with the amount of knowledge required to intelligently read wireless literature, and pass the necessary test for obtaining an amateur licence in either receiving or transmitting. Mr. Cooke will be the Principal, and he wants to encourage the younger men and women to take a more serious view of radio than is being done at present. The average amateur is keen to hear the various stations, concerts, etc., and there it ends, while they might be doing some very useful and extremely interesting research work. The only reason they do not do scientific research work is that they do not know what to do. Mr. Cooke hopes to supply that want, and gradually develop an army of really useful wireless citizens, who are using their wireless for the advancement of science as well as giving themselves a never-ending source of enjoyment. Mr. Cooke feels quite sure that wireless will develop in Australia as it has in other countries, and on account of the small population we will eventually find that, although last in the field, Australia will win out as usual, and lead the way.
Cooke lectures to the WIA NSW on the subject of resonance
   Round the Clubs. N.S.W. WIRELESS INSTITUTE. A general meeting of the N.S.W. division of the Wireless Institute of Australia, was held on Thursday, 7th December, at the Railway Institute, Sydney. Mr. C. P. Bartholomew presided. The following applicants for membership were elected:— Mr. S. Colville and Mr. W. G. Keogh. It was resolved "that the annual subscription rate be increased to £3 3s. per annum for full membership and £2 2s. per annum for associate members, to take effect on the 1st January, 1923, in the case of new members, and from the 1st April, 1923, in respect to existing members." It was also announced that in future all applicants for membership would be considered by a Qualifications Committee, of which Mr. Charles Maclurcan is the chairman. Mr. F. Basil Cooke gave a very instructive and illustrative lecture on "Resonance," which was thoroughly enjoyed by all present. Mr. Harry Stowe then followed with a lecture on the construction and uses of a wavemeter. This lecture was of great interest, and several questions resulted which solved many difficulties experienced by members. The next meeting of the Institute will be held on February 1st at the Sydney University, when Mr. Edgar Booth, M.C., B.Sc., who has selected the subject of "Sound Ranging appliances in Peace and War." This is to take the form of an invitation evening to members and their friends.
Advertisement for Cooke's Radio College to commence in New Year 1923
   The Season's Greetings. The Radio College. Complete Receiving Station available. Will commence on Tuesday, January 2nd, 1923. Courses in Principles and Practice of Radio Telegraphy and Telephony.
   * (A) ONE MONTH COURSE, 2 days per week . . . 30/- Lectures will include Crystal and Valve Reception.
   * (B) FULL COURSE, 3 months, 2 days per week . . . £5 5s. Leads to complete knowledge required by new Regulations, including Morse Code, Practice and Elements of Radio Telephony.
   * (C) POSTAL COURSE, comprising same subject as (B) £4 4s.
   Courses may be arranged for either day or night. Prospectus on application. Enrolment by post or personally. Apply to Principal, MR. F. BASIL COOKE, F.R.A.S. Late Wireless Instructor to A.I.F. 23 Lang Street, Cnr. Grosvenor Street, (Near Wentworth Hotel).
Further announcement of commencement of Cooke's Radio College, no mention of sale of components (both instruction and sales a very busy field to enter)
   TO PASS YOUR TEST. The New Year is very close now and will probably mark the commencement of an important epoch in the world of Wireless. The experimenters have been going ahead, hastening very slowly up to now, awaiting the new Regulations. The Regulations arrived in time to be a Christmas Box to all experimenters, both future and present. The amateur now knows where he stands and consequently a more stable and serious view will be taken of this wonderful and fascinating subject. As a sign of the times the Radio College proposes to open its doors on Jan. 2nd, 1923 and Mr. Cooke, the Principal is offering a cheap, but wonderfully comprehensive course, to put the experimenter on his feet with respect to the elements so necessary to progress in radio science. Each and every lecture will be fully illustrated by actual experiments. A complete valve receiver has been installed at the College which will give the students an opportunity of working with real apparatus. No wireless amateur can afford to neglect learning some of the rudimentary principles of radio if he wishes to carry out systematic experiments. The Radio College is fortunate in having secured the services of Mr. Basil Cooke, as he is a past master in presenting his subjects in an almost fascinating manner.
In the "Wireless Weekly" Stowe opposes the imposition of a 10/- entrance fee for the Trans-Pacific Tests of 1923 (see next for Cooke's reply)
   CORRESPONDENCE. . . . MR. H. A. STOWE writes. I would be glad if you could find space in your paper for one or two comments on the recent preliminary meeting in connection with the forthcoming Pacific Tests. I was sorry that I was unable to be present. The decision to charge an entrance fee is sure to meet with some opposition and I myself am against such a course for I maintain the necessary expense should be met by the various clubs, but there should not be much expense. There is quite enough expense to the experimenter at present and it will entail more expense if he decides to go in for the test. I am also of the opinion that the calling for applications is a mistake, for this reason that there is nothing to stop any experimenter from attempting to receive the signals whether he be adjacent to an official station or not. In fact I think we should try and encourage as many as possible to take part. If an experimenter decides of himself to try for the signals there is nothing to stop him, and he has as much right as any one to try and he may even complain about interference as well as the official station. I consider that the best plan would be to divide the place up into small districts and areas and allow each district to manage its own affairs. You are sure to find men who will take exception to rules, etc., laid down by any body or club especially if in another district. I think it requires careful consideration over such organisation as this. But I am strongly against paying any fee to be allowed to receive and if this is persisted in you will find many who could help not taking part.
As previous, in the "Wireless Weekly" Cooke defends the imposition of a 10/- entrance fee for the Trans-Pacific Tests of 1923
   Mr. Cooke replies to Mr. Stowe. The Editor, "Wireless Weekly,”: Dear Sir,— In "Wireless Weekly,’’ of December 22, there is an article written by Mr. H. A. Stove in connection with the forthcoming trans-pacific test. I would be obliged if you would allow me space to make a few comments in this connection. In the first place I was present at the meeting referred to, and the reasons were many why an entrance fee of 10/ should be imposed. This is the first time that Australia has attempted such an ambitious scheme and consequently no stone should be left unturned in making this test a complete success. It is absolutely essential that very complete arrangements should be made which will necessitate a considerable expense. Mr. Stowe contends that the various clubs should stand this expense; personally, I think that if this course were adopted the clubs concerned would, of necessity, each want to control the arrangements to suit its own members. As it is a committee has been formed especially to concentrate upon this test, and it is only just that the participants should meet the expense of this organisation. Further, a great deal of sporting interest has been, and will be taken in the scheme, and already number of firms have offered prizes. With respect to Mr. Stowe's other objections, namely: that all and sundry should be permitted to "go for it," I fully realise that Mr. Stowe, as usual, has taken up the cudgels of the amateur, but in this case had he been at the meeting his objections would have been fully explained away. The Australian Amateur has been under severe disadvantage, and at present is a long way behind the rest of the world. Here seems a golden opportunity of his entering the front ranks at one bound, consequently his sporting honor is at stake. In this case it is surely only fair that those who are qualified to do their part should be given the greatest possible amount of assistance. To me it would seem very unjust for an amateur to start his set oscillating and screaming across me if I had gone to the expense and trouble of arranging my set especially for this test. The committee with the full approval of all those present were given full authority to make their own arrangements and now that the matter has really got underway it behoves all of us to stick to them and see the business through to the end. Yours truly, F. BASIL COOKE

#### 1923
##### 1923 01

Slightly revised advertisement for Cooke's Radio College to commence in New Year 1923 (drops season's greetings, adds offer to arrange a license)
   The Radio College. Complete Receiving Station available. Will commence on Tuesday, January 2nd, 1923. Courses in Principles and Practice of Radio Telegraphy and Telephony.
   * (A) ONE MONTH COURSE, 2 days per week . . . 30/- Lectures will include Crystal and Valve Reception.
   * (B) FULL COURSE, 3 months, 2 days per week . . . £5 5s. Leads to complete knowledge required by new Regulations, including Morse Code, Practice and Elements of Radio Telephony.
   * (C) POSTAL COURSE, comprising same subject as (B) £4 4s.
   Courses may be arranged for either day or night. Prospectus on application. Enrolment by post or personally. If you require a license inform us, and we will take the necessary steps. Apply to Principal, MR. F. BASIL COOKE, F.R.A.S. Late Wireless Instructor to A.I.F. 23 Lang Street, Cnr. Grosvenor Street, (Near Wentworth Hotel).

##### 1923 05

Cooke chairs the general meeting of WIA NSW
   WIRELESS INSTITUTE OF AUSTRALIA N.S.W. DIVISION. The general meeting held on 10th inst., took the nature of an "All Clubs' Night." The following new members were elected: Member, Geo. A. Taylor, Esq., 20 Loftus St., Sydney; Assoc. Member, L. H. Taylor, Esq., 41 Henry St., Leichhardt. F. Basil Cooke, Esq., F.R.A.S., occupied the chair. The Business of the evening was a lecture by Mr. Alec. Hector, manager, Burroughs Wellcome, entitled "The Co-relation of Various Forms of Energy."
Cooke advertises his Radio College (amongst a host of competitors)
   RADIO COLLEGE. Associated with Radio Company, 18 Elizabeth St. The next class commencing first week in June. All those desiring to learn the principles of this fascinating hobby enrol now. Complete Course .. .. £5/5/-; Correspondence .. .. £4/4/-. 23 LANG STREET. F. B. COOKE, Principal.

##### 1923 07

Cooke gives a lecture to the Real Estate Association of N.S.W.
   WIRELESS. An Interesting Lecture by F. Basil Cooke, F. R. A. S., before the Real Estate Association of N.S.W. Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, Before your Chairman addressed you this evening you heard an item of music sent by wireless from Paling's Concert Hall, and received on a single wire going from here to the top of the Hotel Australia. I propose to briefly explain how that music was sent and carried to here and how we were able to amplify it to be heard by you all. Before attempting to do so however, I wish to take this opportunity of expressing my appreciation to Paling's who have very kindly arranged a concert for us, and to the New Systems Telephone Co., for doing the transmission. Your Association is very wise in beginning to take an interest in wireless, because if Australia follows the rest of the world, your future clients will be asking for a house with an aerial and will seek advise upon aerial construction from you. One sees daily in English and American papers advertisements reading something like this: "Wanted, Bungalow, with Wireless Aerial," or in the "to let" column, "Up-to-date flat, 5 rooms, etc., wireless installed." We will shortly be seeing the same class of advertisement. Before proceeding, I should like to state that I am entirely in your hands, and would welcome any questions or suggestions. I want to give you a few outlines of what is occurring in the wireless world, and to-night or any other time I am always available to render you any assistance in my power. In the first place you should know that there is nothing dangerous or mysterious about wireless. The science has suddenly sprung into prominence as filling a long felt want, but it is merely a practical application of ordinary electrical principles. Some of you probably remember when the first telephone was installed, and what a wonder it was, but now it is merely a necessary adjunct to our daily occupations. The world has accepted it and has grown with it until it is an absolute necessity. Wireless is about to go through the same stage. At present it is a novelty, but I venture to say that in a few years it will have become an absolute necessity. If my conjecture is correct, then it behoves us all as business men to become accustomed to it and forestall time by trying to utilise its benefits now and not wait until we are forced to. Let me now give you a brief lecture on the fundamental principles governing the operation of wireless. Imagine a pool of water and drop a small pebble in the centre. Little waves immediately commence to extend outward, each wave becoming feebler and feebler until finally they disappear. I wonder if you have ever noticed that the distance between any two successive waves is constant. That is if we measure the distance between the crests of two successive waves that will be the same distance between any other two successive waves. This distance is called the wave length. Let us now leave our water for a moment and look farther afield. If we look up at the sky on a clear night we see little points of light which we call the stars. The stars as you know are many billions of miles from us and consequently their light has to be conveyed to us. The medium which brings the light we call ether. The light comes in the form of waves of ether. The great heat of these stars agitates the ether and sets up waves which travel outwards until they finally reach us. In this case the waves travel at the stupendous rate of 186,00,000 miles per second and the wave length of the light is only a few millionths part of an inch, and from some of the stars it takes hundreds of years for the light to reach us. We now come to a very interesting fact, and that is if we analyse the waves reaching us we find there are a number of different waves all together, all of a different wave length. If we take one single wave and cut out the others we get heat, and so on. The combined effect is simply white light and heat. Now then, we find that the difference between different colors is only a difference of wave lengths. When the wave length is just too great for our eye to perceive it, we get heat. When the wave length is just too small to be seen we get ultra-violet rays and X rays, which we all know are used so much in medical science. When the wave length reaches about one inch we begin to get wireless waves. From the foregoing, therefore, you see that the only difference be tween wireless weaves and light waves is the difference in wavelength. The wireless band extends to about 5 miles or so. After that we get into another sphere which has not yet been explored. I would like you to allow me here digress and introduce another term called resonance, as this effect plays such a very important part in all branches of physics including wireless. Suppose you have a board supported at one end counter; ever principle like a spring board. Now you all know if you want that board to vibrate to its maximum you jump on it at regular intervals until it finally breaks. Again suppose you have a very heavy pendulum like a huge piece of stone at the end of a crane. If you desire to set this into vibration you must push it always at a definite time until it behaves as you wish. The same principle is applied to a swing. In the two examples mentioned, you know if you jump or push at any odd times you will not produce the desired result. The effect of applying a small force regularly to a vibrat-

##### 1923 09

Cooke & other wireless celebrities of the time prominent at the Pan-Pacific Science Congress
   Pan-Pacific Science Congress. At the Pan-Pacific Science Congress held recently in Sydney, one of the most successful sections was VI b — Pacific Radio-telegraphy and Longitude by Wireless — the Chairman of which was Mr. H. F. Marriott, a representative of the British Government, and the Secretaries were Professor W. E. Cooke and Mr. F. Basil Cooke. This section was considered by the authorities to have been one of the most successful of the whole Congress, for which success credit must be given to the energetic secretaries whose reports were thorouglily appreciated. The section dealt with some most important papers, including "Organisation of Wireless Time Signals in the Pacific and Adjoining Countries," by Professor W. E. Cooke; "Aerial Science (Aviation and Wireless) and their Possibilities in the Pacific," by George A. Taylor, who also contributed a paper on "The Encouragement of Invention, and its Bearing upon the Peace of the World"; "The Development of Wireless in Australia," by E. T. Fisk; "The Theory of Electricity as Syntonic Molecular Vibration," by Electrical Commander F. G. Cresswell, R.A.N.; "Social and Commercial Development and Possibilities of Wireless in the Pacific," by E. T. Fisk. Amongst other papers was one by Father E. Gherzi, and some interesting notes by Dr. Braak, as well as a paper on "The Time Service in the Philippine Islands," by the Rev. Miguel Selga. It can therefore be understood with such a variety of papers to be presented, the arrangements at the University called for careful judgement and organisation, which was well arranged by the Secretaries referred to. It may be pointed out that Professor W. E. Cooke, who is the present Government Astronomer is a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, has had a brilliant career, being an M.A. at the Adelaide University, and was Government Astronomer and Meteorologist of Western Australia from 1896 to 1912, from which period he has been the Government Astronomer of New South Wales and Professor of Astronomy at the Sydney University. He has written many papers on astronomical and meteorological subjects, and holds one of the highest places in the astronomical world. His son, F. Basil Cooke, who is also a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, has been associated with his father in astronomical work, particularly in work connected with Radio-telegraphy and Longitude by Wireless, and has also been a very energetic worker in connection with the popularising of wireless telegraphy and telephony, having given many public addresses on the subject. He is the managing-director of the Radio Company Limited, of Loftus Street, Sydney, and with his father well deserved the very hearty vote of thanks accorded them at the closing of the recent Congress.

##### 1923 11

Ad for David Jones' Radio Section with Cooke as Director
   David Jones' Radio Section. Directed by Mr. F. Basil Cooke, F.R.A.S. Consequent upon the demand for high-grade Wireless Apparatus, David Jones' have installed a special section for the sale of these goods. This presents an opportunity for all interested in wireless to avail themselves of ideal purchasing conditions. Licenses will be issued upon payment of required fee. Of interest to experimenters — David Jones' have made a special feature of providing all wireless accessories, including the following: Accumulators, 2 Volt units, priced at 21/-, 33/-, 40/- and 50/-. Valves, all standard makes, including Cunningham type "300." Price 35/-, Type "301A." Price 42/6, Type "299." Price 42/6; Marconi R Valves. Price 25/-, Phillip's Detectors or Amplifiers. Price 22/6. All gauges of winding wire kept in stock. Silver and nickel-plated terminals. Price each 6d. Silver and nickel-plated Switch Studs. Price, dozen 1/6. Transformers, Jefferson type, 45, Price 55/, " " Type 41. Price .. 37/6, " " Star Type. Price 37/6. David Jones', 22 York Street, Sydney.

##### 1923 12

Ad for David Jones' Radio Section with Cooke as Director
   David Jones' Radio Section. Directed by Mr. F. Basil Cooke, F.R.A.S. A new assortment of high-grade American Radio equipment is now in stock, and experimenters can be supplied with the following Wireless Accessories at particularly keen prices:— Volt Meters, 6-10 volts 7/6; A Special Line for C.W. Work 18/6; Volt Meters, 0-30 volts 9/-; Rheostat and Jack Combination, which greatly simplifies wiring 13/6; Buzzers, watch-case style 5/6. For those desiring to "Listen-In" on various Broadcast Programmes, Valve Sets, complete with Batteries, ’Phones and Aerial Wiring, are available, from £20. Licenses will be issued upon payment of required fee. Mr. Cooke will gladly give information on all Wireless problems, and will suggest equipment to produce the best results under given conditions. RADIO DEPARTMENT David Jones', 22 York Street, Sydney.
Advertisement in Wireless Weekly only a few pages after that for David Jones', not clear whether Cooke still involved
   Radio Company Limited. 15 LOFTUS STREET, Circular Quay, SYDNEY. Of importance to Experimenters and to those about to enter the field of Wireless. DURING the month of December LARGE REDUCTIONS will be made of our stocks of EXPERIMENTAL SETS and PARTS at COST and under COST PRICES, all of which will carry our guarantee to give satisfaction. A Small Transmitter with Tube Modulation complete with Valves and Batteries ready for use at £25 is just one of our many bargains. Stocks limited. Send your Order as early as possible.
Advertisement for David Jones' Radio Department prominently features Cooke as director
   DAVID JONES’ RADIO SECTION. Directed by Mr. F. Basil Cooke, F. R. A. S. Special Christmas Display For Christmas Week. A special showing will he made of experimental sets and accessories. A 5 valve set, completely assembled, but readily accessible is on view for inspection, demonstrating just what parts are necessary for a complete set of from 1 to 5 valves. The highest grade materials are only used in the construction of this set and for instructional purposes the layout and wiring can be plainly followed. The expert advice of Mr. Cooke is available at all times and every assistance will be given to make your own sets. A full range of accessories is always in stock. DAVID JONES' Radio Department, 22 York Street, Sydney.
Advertisement for David Jones' Radio Department prominently features Cooke
   Seek the Advice of: F. BASIL COOKE, F. R. A. S. on all Radio Matters. David Jones' have been fortunate in securing the services of Mr F. Basil Cooke, F.R.A.S. and all those interested in Wireless or Broadcasting can take advantage of his expert advice and knowledge before purchasing a Broadcasting service. In these early and experimental days when the science of Wireless is still new in Australia, it is necessary to have this expert advice so that the Public may feel that what they purchase will give the service they require. Advice is given freely on any subject, small or large, relative to Wireless. You are advised to come to David Jones’ Radio Department, 22 York Street, and have any point that you are in doubt about made plain. DAVID JONES' Radio Department, 22 York Street, Sydney.

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## References

* ↑ "SHIPPING.". The Daily News (Western Australia) XXVI, (10,078): p. 4. 16 September 1907. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article77841566. Retrieved 8 March 2025.
* ↑ "UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE.". The West Australian (Western Australia) XXV, (7,114): p. 2. 12 January 1909. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article26218134. Retrieved 8 March 2025.
* ↑ "SOCIAL NOTES.". The West Australian (Western Australia) XXV, (7,205): p. 7. 29 April 1909. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article26226744. Retrieved 9 March 2025.
* ↑ "UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE.". The West Australian (Western Australia) XXV, (7,413): p. 3. 30 December 1909. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article26246000. Retrieved 8 March 2025.
* ↑ "WEST AUSTRALIAN UNIVERSITY.". The West Australian (Western Australia) XXVIII, (8,063): p. 7. 3 February 1912. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23863410. Retrieved 9 March 2025.
* ↑ "THE LADIES' PAGE". Sunday Times (Perth) (Western Australia) (738): p. 26. 10 March 1912. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article57728047. Retrieved 9 March 2025.
* ↑ "THE LADIES' PAGE". Sunday Times (Perth) (Western Australia) (739): p. 26. 17 March 1912. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article57728372. Retrieved 9 March 2025.
* ↑ "THE GREAT STAR MAP.". The West Australian (Western Australia) XXVIII, (8,119): p. 10. 10 April 1912. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23869338. Retrieved 9 March 2025.
* ↑ "THE GREAT STAR MAP.". The West Australian (Western Australia) XXVIII, (8,120): p. 3. 11 April 1912. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23869473. Retrieved 9 March 2025.
* ↑ "AN ANECDOTE OF ANCOCK.". Sunday Times (Perth) (Western Australia) (743): p. 6. 14 April 1912. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article57729697. Retrieved 9 March 2025.
* ↑ "THE NEW CHAIR.". The Sydney Morning Herald (New South Wales, Australia) (23,216): p. 17. 8 June 1912. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article15341898. Retrieved 10 March 2025.
* ↑ "THE OBSERVATORY.". The Sydney Morning Herald (New South Wales, Australia) (23,251): p. 8. 19 July 1912. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article15329706. Retrieved 10 March 2025.
* ↑ "FEDERAL OBSERVATORY.". The Sun (New South Wales, Australia) (665): p. 7. 15 August 1912. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article228814370. Retrieved 11 March 2025.
* ↑ "NEWS AND NOTES.". The West Australian (Western Australia) XXVIII, (8,235): p. 6. 23 August 1912. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article26519317. Retrieved 11 March 2025.
* ↑ "Vibrations From Applecross.". Geraldton Guardian (Western Australia) VII, (890): p. 1. 21 November 1912. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article66470858. Retrieved 11 March 2025.
* ↑ "SYDNEY TIME.". The Sydney Morning Herald (New South Wales, Australia) (23,747): p. 11. 18 February 1914. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article15477985. Retrieved 11 March 2025.
* ↑ "ROYAL SOCIETY.". The Sydney Morning Herald (New South Wales, Australia) (24,624): p. 6. 7 December 1916. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article15699538. Retrieved 8 March 2025.
* ↑ "THE ROYAL SOCIETY.". The Daily Telegraph (New South Wales, Australia) (11724): p. 7. 7 December 1916. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article239429079. Retrieved 8 March 2025.
* ↑ "MAGIC SPARK". Evening News (New South Wales, Australia) (17112): p. 7. 22 April 1922. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article118871520. Retrieved 3 March 2025.
* ↑ "Advertising". The Sydney Morning Herald (New South Wales, Australia) (26,378): p. 3. 21 July 1922. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article16014390. Retrieved 11 March 2025.
* ↑ "NEAR AND FAR.". The Sydney Morning Herald (New South Wales, Australia) (26,380): p. 4. 24 July 1922. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article16014924. Retrieved 11 March 2025.
* ↑ "THE MAGIC SPARK". Evening News (New South Wales, Australia): p. 7. 2 September 1922. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article118831161. Retrieved 11 March 2025.
* ↑ Australasian Radio Relay League., "NEW RADIO COMPANY.", The wireless weekly : the hundred per cent Australian radio journal, Sydney: Wireless Press (Vol. 1 No. 19 (8 December 1922)), nla.obj-639623346, retrieved 12 March 2025 – via Trove {{citation}}: |section= ignored (help)
* ↑ Australasian Radio Relay League., "Round the Clubs.", The wireless weekly : the hundred per cent Australian radio journal, Sydney: Wireless Press (Vol. 1 No. 20 (15 December 1922)), nla.obj-639625588, retrieved 12 March 2025 – via Trove {{citation}}: |section= ignored (help)
* ↑ Australasian Radio Relay League., "Advertising", The wireless weekly : the hundred per cent Australian radio journal, Sydney: Wireless Press (Vol. 1 No. 21 (22 December 1922)), nla.obj-639626864, retrieved 12 March 2025 – via Trove {{citation}}: |section= ignored (help)
* ↑ Australasian Radio Relay League., "TO PASS YOUR TEST.", The wireless weekly : the hundred per cent Australian radio journal, Sydney: Wireless Press (Vol. 1 No. 21 (22 December 1922)), nla.obj-639627524, retrieved 12 March 2025 – via Trove {{citation}}: |section= ignored (help)
* ↑ Australasian Radio Relay League., "Round the Clubs.", The wireless weekly : the hundred per cent Australian radio journal, Sydney: Wireless Press (Vol. 1 No. 21 (22 December 1922)), nla.obj-639627701, retrieved 12 March 2025 – via Trove {{citation}}: |section= ignored (help)
* ↑ Australasian Radio Relay League., "Mr. Cooke replies to Mr. Stowe", The wireless weekly : the hundred per cent Australian radio journal, Sydney: Wireless Press (Vol. 1 No. 22 (29 December 1922)), nla.obj-639629769, retrieved 12 March 2025 – via Trove {{citation}}: |section= ignored (help)
* ↑ Australasian Radio Relay League., "Advertising", The wireless weekly : the hundred per cent Australian radio journal, Sydney: Wireless Press (Vol. 2 No. 1 (5 January 1923)), nla.obj-639631840, retrieved 14 March 2025 – via Trove {{citation}}: |section= ignored (help)
* ↑ Australasian Radio Relay League., "Round the Clubs.", The wireless weekly : the hundred per cent Australian radio journal, Sydney: Wireless Press (Vol. 2 No. 21 (25 May 1923)), nla.obj-639871185, retrieved 15 March 2025 – via Trove {{citation}}: |section= ignored (help)
* ↑ Australasian Radio Relay League., "Advertising", The wireless weekly : the hundred per cent Australian radio journal, Sydney: Wireless Press (Vol. 2 No. 21 (25 May 1923)), nla.obj-639871237, retrieved 15 March 2025 – via Trove {{citation}}: |section= ignored (help)
* ↑ Australasian Radio Relay League., "WIRELESS An Interesting Lecture by F. Basil Cooke, F. R. A. S., before the Real Estate Association of N.S.W.", The wireless weekly : the hundred per cent Australian radio journal, Sydney: Wireless Press (Vol. 2 No. 27 (6 July 1923)), nla.obj-639920717, retrieved 3 March 2025 – via Trove {{citation}}: |section= ignored (help)
* ↑ Australasian Radio Relay League., "Pan-Pacific Science Congress.", The wireless weekly : the hundred per cent Australian radio journal, Sydney: Wireless Press (Vol. 2 No. 37 (14 September 1923)), nla.obj-640245447, retrieved 15 March 2025 – via Trove {{citation}}: |section= ignored (help)
* ↑ Australasian Radio Relay League., "Advertising", The wireless weekly : the hundred per cent Australian radio journal, Sydney: Wireless Press (Vol. 3 No. 8 (30 November 1923)), nla.obj-640632921, retrieved 14 March 2025 – via Trove {{citation}}: |section= ignored (help)
* ↑ Australasian Radio Relay League., "Advertising", The wireless weekly : the hundred per cent Australian radio journal, Sydney: Wireless Press (Vol. 3 No. 10 (14 December 1923)), nla.obj-640639321, retrieved 14 March 2025 – via Trove {{citation}}: |section= ignored (help)
* ↑ Australasian Radio Relay League., "Advertising", The wireless weekly : the hundred per cent Australian radio journal, Sydney: Wireless Press (Vol. 3 No. 10 (14 December 1923)), nla.obj-640639384, retrieved 14 March 2025 – via Trove {{citation}}: |section= ignored (help)
* ↑ Australasian Radio Relay League., "Advertising", The wireless weekly : the hundred per cent Australian radio journal, Sydney: Wireless Press (Vol. 3 No. 11 (21 December 1923)), nla.obj-640646387, retrieved 14 March 2025 – via Trove {{citation}}: |section= ignored (help)
* ↑ Australasian Radio Relay League., "Advertising", The wireless weekly : the hundred per cent Australian radio journal, Sydney: Wireless Press (Vol. 3 No. 12 (28 December 1923)), nla.obj-640650056, retrieved 14 March 2025 – via Trove {{citation}}: |section= ignored (help)