# Flora of New York/Ferns 1

| ← Lycophytes | Flora of New York — Pre-polypod ferns | Flora of New York — Pre-polypod ferns | Flora of New York — Pre-polypod ferns | Flora of New York — Pre-polypod ferns | → Polypodiales |
| ← Lycophytes | Table of contents | Genus index | Protected species index | Invasive species index | → Polypodiales |
| tracheoophytes lycophytes Lycopodiopsida   Lycopodiales       Isoetales     Selaginellales         euphyllophytes Polypodiopsida (ferns)   Equisetidae  Equisetales         Ophioglossidae    Psilotales     Ophioglossales         Marattiidae  Marattiales   Polypodiidae    Osmundales       Hymenophyllales       Gleicheniales       Schizaeales       Salviniales       Cyatheales     Polypodiales                     spermatophytes   gymnosperms ↓     angiosperms ↓↓ | eusporangiate ferns leptosporangiate ferns |
| ferns   Equisetales : Equisetaceae : Equisetum   subg. Equisetum (6 horse tails)     subg. Hippochaete (7 scouring rushes)             Psilotales : Psilotaceae (0 whisk ferns in NY)     Ophioglossales : Ophioglossaceae   Ophioglossoideae—Ophioglossum pusillum (northern adder's-tongue)      Botrychioideae   Botrypus virginianum (rattlesnake fern)       Sceptridium (4 evergreen grapeferns)     Botrychium (7 moonworts, grape ferns)                   Marattiales : Marattiaceae (0 marattid ferns in NY)       Osmundales : Osmundaceae   Osmundastrum cinnamomeum (cinnamon fern)       Claytosmunda claytoniana (interrupted fern)     Osmunda regalis (royal fern)             Hymenophyllales : Hymenophyllaceae   Hymenophylloideae (0 filmy ferns)     Trichomanoideae—Crepidomanes intricatum (Appalachian bristle fern)            Gleicheniales   Gleicheniaceae (0 forked ferns)       Matoniaceae (0 fan ferns)     Dipteridaceae (0 umbrella ferns)             Schizaeales   Lygodiaceae—Lygodium palmatum (American climbing fern)     Schizaeaceae—Schizaea pusilla (curlygrass)           Salviniales   Salviniaceae—Azolla cristata (mosquitofern)     Marsileaceae—Marsilea quadrifolia (water clover)           Cyatheales (0)     Polypodiales (continued below) | eusporangiate ferns leptosporangiate ferns |
* Polypodiales
* Saccolomatineae (1 genus, 0 in NY)
* Lindsaeineae (3 families, 0 in NY)
* Pteridineae : Pteridaceae
* Cryptogrammoideae—Cryptogramma stelleri (fragile rockbrake}
* Pteridoideae—Pteris multifida (brake fern - excluded!)
* Cheilanthoideae
* Pellaea atropurpurea (purple cliffbrake)
* Pellaea glabella (smooth cliffbrake)
* Myriopteris lanosa (hairy lip-fern)
* Vittarioideae
* Adiantum pedatum (northern maidenhair fern)
* Vittaria appalachiana (Appalachian shoestring fern)
* Dennstaedtiineae : Dennstaedtiaceae
* Dennstaedtia punctilobula (hay-scented fern)
* Pteridium aquilinum (brackenfern)
* Aspleniineae
* Cystopteridaceae
* Cystopteris (4 bladderferns)
* Gymnocarpium dryopteris (northern oak fern)
* Diplaziopsidaceae—Homalosorus pycnocarpos (narrow-leaved glade fern)
* Aspleniaceae—Asplenium (11 spleenworts)
* Thelypteridaceae
* Phegopteridoideae—Phegopteris (2 beech ferns)
* Thelypteridoideae—Thelypteris (3 marsh ferns)
* Woodsiaceae—Woodsia (5 cliff ferns)
* Athyriaceae
* Athyrium (2 lady ferns)
* Deparia acrostichoides (silvery spleenwort)
* Onocleaceae
* Onoclea sensibilis (sensitive fern)
* Matteuccia struthiopteris (ostrich fern)
* Blechnaceae : Woodwardioideae
* Anchistea virginica (Virginia chainfern)
* Lorinseria areolata (netted chainfern)
* Polypodiineae
* Dryopteridaceae : Dryopteridoideae
* Dryopteris (28 woodferns)
* Polystichum (4 holly ferns)
* Cyrtomium falcatum (netvein hollyfern - excluded)
* Polypodiaceae : Polypodioideae
* Polypodium (3 rock-cap ferns)
* Pleopeltis polypodioides (resurrection fern excluded)
| Subclass | Order | Suborder | Family | Subfamily | Genus | Subgenus | Common names | # |
| Equisetidae | Equisetales | — | Equisetaceae | — | Equisetum | Equisetum | horsetail | 6 |
| Equisetidae | Equisetales | — | Equisetaceae | — | Equisetum | Hippochaete | scouring rush | 7 |
| Ophioglossidae | Ophioglossales | — | Ophioglossaceae | Botrychioideae | Botrychium | Botrychium | moonwort, grape fern | 8 |
| Ophioglossidae | Ophioglossales | — | Ophioglossaceae | Botrychioideae | Botrychium | Osmundopteris | rattlesnake fern | 1 |
| Ophioglossidae | Ophioglossales | — | Ophioglossaceae | Botrychioideae | Botrychium | Sceptridium | evergreen grapefern | 4 |
| Ophioglossidae | Ophioglossales | — | Ophioglossaceae | Ophioglossoideae | Ophioglossum | Ophioglossum | adder's tongue | 1 |
| Polypodiidae (leptosporangiate ferns) | Osmundales | — | Osmundaceae | — | Osmundastrum | Osmundastrum | cinnamon fern | 1 |
| Polypodiidae (leptosporangiate ferns) | Osmundales | — | Osmundaceae | — | Osmunda | Claytosmunda | interrupted fern | 1 |
| Polypodiidae (leptosporangiate ferns) | Osmundales | — | Osmundaceae | — | Osmunda | Osmunda | royal fern | 1 |
| Polypodiidae (leptosporangiate ferns) | Hymenophyllales | — | Hymenophyllaceae | Trichomanoideae | Crepidomanes | Crepidomanes | grotto felt, weft fern | 1 |
| Polypodiidae (leptosporangiate ferns) | Schizaeales | — | Lygodiaceae | — | Lygodium | Lygodium | climbing fern | 1 |
| Polypodiidae (leptosporangiate ferns) | Schizaeales | — | Schizaeaceae | — | Schizaea | Schizaea | curlygrass fern | 1 |
| Polypodiidae (leptosporangiate ferns) | Salviniales | — | Salviniaceae | — | Azolla | Azolla | mosquitofern | 1 |
| Polypodiidae (leptosporangiate ferns) | Salviniales | — | Salviniaceae | — | Salvinia | Salvinia | watermoss, floatingfern | x |
| Polypodiidae (leptosporangiate ferns) | Salviniales | — | Marsileaceae | — | Marsilea | Marsilea | waterclover, waterfern | 1 |
| Polypodiidae (leptosporangiate ferns) | Polypodiales | Dennstaedtiineae | Dennstaedtiaceae | — | Dennstaedtia | Dennstaedtia | hay-scented fern | 1 |
| Polypodiidae (leptosporangiate ferns) | Polypodiales | Dennstaedtiineae | Dennstaedtiaceae | — | Pteridium | Pteridium | brackenfern | 2 |
| Polypodiidae (leptosporangiate ferns) | Polypodiales | Pteridineae | Pteridaceae | Cryptogrammoideae | Cryptogramma | Cryptogramma | rock brake | 1 |
| Polypodiidae (leptosporangiate ferns) | Polypodiales | Pteridineae | Pteridaceae | Pteridoideae | Pteris | Pteris | brake fern | x |
| Polypodiidae (leptosporangiate ferns) | Polypodiales | Pteridineae | Pteridaceae | Cheilanthoideae | Pellaea | Pellaea | cliff brake | 2 |
| Polypodiidae (leptosporangiate ferns) | Polypodiales | Pteridineae | Pteridaceae | Cheilanthoideae | Cheilanthes | Cheilanthes | lip fern | 1 |
| Polypodiidae (leptosporangiate ferns) | Polypodiales | Pteridineae | Pteridaceae | Vittarioideae | Adiantum | Adiantum | maidenhair-fern | 1 |
| Polypodiidae (leptosporangiate ferns) | Polypodiales | Pteridineae | Pteridaceae | Vittarioideae | Vittaria | Vittaria | ribbon fern | 1 |
| Polypodiidae (leptosporangiate ferns) | Polypodiales | Aspleniineae | Cystopteridaceae | — | Cystopteris | Cystopteris | bladder fern | 5 |
| Polypodiidae (leptosporangiate ferns) | Polypodiales | Aspleniineae | Cystopteridaceae | — | Gymnocarpium | Gymnocarpium | oak fern | 2 |
| Polypodiidae (leptosporangiate ferns) | Polypodiales | Aspleniineae | Diplaziopsidaceae | — | Homalosorus | Homalosorus | glade fern | 1 |
| Polypodiidae (leptosporangiate ferns) | Polypodiales | Aspleniineae | Aspleniaceae | — | Asplenium | Asplenium | spleenwort | 10 |
| Polypodiidae (leptosporangiate ferns) | Polypodiales | Aspleniineae | Thelypteridaceae | Phegopteridoideae | Phegopteris | Phegopteris | beech fern | 2 |
| Polypodiidae (leptosporangiate ferns) | Polypodiales | Aspleniineae | Thelypteridaceae | Thelypteridoideae | Thelypteris | Thelypteris | marsh fern, New York fern | 3 |
| Polypodiidae (leptosporangiate ferns) | Polypodiales | Aspleniineae | Woodsiaceae | — | Woodsia | Woodsia | cliff fern | 5 |
| Polypodiidae (leptosporangiate ferns) | Polypodiales | Aspleniineae | Onocleaceae | — | Onoclea | Onoclea | sensitive fern | 1 |
| Polypodiidae (leptosporangiate ferns) | Polypodiales | Aspleniineae | Onocleaceae | — | Matteuccia | Matteuccia | ostrich fern | 1 |
| Polypodiidae (leptosporangiate ferns) | Polypodiales | Aspleniineae | Blechnaceae | Woodwardioideae | Anchistea | Anchistea | Virginia chainfern | 1 |
| Polypodiidae (leptosporangiate ferns) | Polypodiales | Aspleniineae | Blechnaceae | Woodwardioideae | Lorinseria | Lorinseria | netted chainfern | 1 |
| Polypodiidae (leptosporangiate ferns) | Polypodiales | Aspleniineae | Athyriaceae | — | Deparia | Deparia | false spleenwort | 1 |
| Polypodiidae (leptosporangiate ferns) | Polypodiales | Aspleniineae | Athyriaceae | — | Athyrium | Athyrium | lady fern | 3 |
| Polypodiidae (leptosporangiate ferns) | Polypodiales | Polypodiineae | Dryopteridaceae | Dryopteridoideae | Cyrtomium | Cyrtomium | netvein hollyfern | x |
| Polypodiidae (leptosporangiate ferns) | Polypodiales | Polypodiineae | Dryopteridaceae | Dryopteridoideae | Dryopteris | Dryopteris | woodfern | 30 |
| Polypodiidae (leptosporangiate ferns) | Polypodiales | Polypodiineae | Dryopteridaceae | Dryopteridoideae | Polystichum | Polystichum | hollyfern | 5 |
| Polypodiidae (leptosporangiate ferns) | Polypodiales | Polypodiineae | Polypodiaceae | Polypodioideae | Polypodium | Polypodium | polypody, rockcap fern | 3 |
| Polypodiidae (leptosporangiate ferns) | Polypodiales | Polypodiineae | Polypodiaceae | Polypodioideae | Pleopeltis | Pleopeltis | resurrection fern | x |

## Order Equisetales

* The order Equisetales contains the plants commonly known as horsetails and scouring rushes. This order contains the single living genus Equisetum, which is represented in every county of New York.

### Family Equisetaceae

* The Equisetaceae (horsetail family) ...

#### Equisetum

* Equisetum is here divided into the two subgenera Equisetum (horsetails) and Hippochaete (scouringrushes).

##### Equisetum subg. Equisetum

* Equisetum arvense field horsetail The Equisetum subgenus Equisetum comprises the horsetails.
Equisetales — Equisetaceae — Equisetum subg. Equisetum :
| Genus Equisetum subg. Equisetum | Horsetail | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Equisetum arvense L.1753. Equisetum arvense L. 1832. Equisetum boreale Bong. 1912. Allostelites arvensis (L.) Börner 1960. Equisetum calderi B.Boivin | Field horsetail, Common horsetail, Common field horsetailPrêle des champs, Queue de renard | Native, CoC: 2, Secure FAC Perennial, Herb-fern | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe IPN Images Wikispecies |
| Equisetum fluviatile L.1753. Equisetum fluviatile L. 1753. Equisetum limosum L. | Water horsetail, River horsetailPrêle fluviatile | Native, CoC: 4, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-fern | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Equisetum × litorale Kühlew. ex Rupr. (pro sp.)  Equisetum arvense ×   Equisetum fluviatile1845. Equisetum litorale Kühlew. ex Rupr. | Litoral horsetailPrêle littorale | Native, Rare OBL Perennial, Herb-fern | | NYFA: 3 | USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Equisetum sylvaticum L.1753. Equisetum sylvaticum L. 1795. Equisetum capillare Hoffm. | Wood horsetail, Woodland horsetailPrêle des bois | Native, CoC: 7, Secure FACW Perennial, Herb-fern | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Equisetum palustre L.1753. Equisetum palustre L. 1927. Equisetum palustre  var. americanum  Vict. | Marsh horsetailPrêle des marais | Native, CoC: 5, Threatened, NYNHP: 2 FACW | | NYFA: 2 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Equisetum pratense Ehrh.1784. Equisetum pratense Ehrh. | Meadow horsetail, Shady horsetailPrêle des prés | Native, CoC: 4, Threatened, NYNHP: 2 FACW Perennial, Herb-fern | | NYFA: 2 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Equisetum (excluded) subg. Equisetum | Horsetail | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. ssp. braunii (Milde) Hauke1862. Equisetum braunii Milde 1978. Equisetum telmateia  var. braunii  (Milde) Hauke  auct. Equisetum maximum non Lam. | Giant horsetail, Great horsetail, Ivory horsetailPrêle géante | Introduced from  western N. America, N.Y. excluded OBL | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-NN VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Equisetum palustre. Threatened, S2/G5. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Equisetum pratense. Threatened, S2/G5. ||||||

##### Equisetum subg. Hippochaete

* Equisetum hyemale ssp. affine western scouringrushPlants of subg. Hippochaete are often referred to as scouring rushes.
* Christenhusz et. al. (2019) suggests that the western scouringrush (Equisetum hyemale ssp. affine) should be treated at the species level (Equisetum praealtum Raf.).
* ↑ Christenhusz, M. J. M., Bangiolo, L., Chase, M. W., Fay, M. F., Husby, C., Witkus, M., & Viruel, J. (2019). Phylogenetics, classification and typification of extant horsetails (Equisetum, Equisetaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 189(4), 311-352. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boz002
Equisetales — Equisetaceae — Equisetum subg. Hippochaete :
| Genus Equisetum subg. Hippochaete | Scouringrush | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Equisetum hyemale L. ssp. affine Calder & Roy L.Taylor    Equisetum affine Engelm.     Equisetum praealtum Raf.     Equisetum robustum A.Braun     Hippochaete hyemalis (L.) Braun | Common scouringrush, Western scouringrush, Rough horsetail, Scouringrush horsetailPrêle d'hiver | Native, CoC: 2, Secure | | NYFA: 5 iNat | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Equisetum scirpoides Michx. (1803) | Dwarf scouring rushPrêle faux-scirpe | Native, CoC: 9, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Equisetum variegatum Schleich. ex F.Weber & D.Mohr1807. Equisetum variegatum Schleich. ex F.Weber & D.Mohr 1822. Equisetum multiforme  var. variegatum  Vaucher 1839. Equisetum hyemale  ssp. variegatum  A.Braun 1842. Equisetum hyemale  var. variegatum  Newman 1868. Hippochaete variegata (Schleich. ex F.Weber & D.Mohr) Bruhin | Variegated scouring rush, Variegated horsetailPrêle panachée | Native, CoC: 3, Likely secure FACW Perennial, Herb | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Equisetum × mackaii  Equisetum hyemale ×   Equisetum variegatum | Rough-toothed scouring rush | Native, CoC: 3, Vulnerable | | NYFA: 3 | USDA-N Images Wikispecies |
| Equisetum × nelsonii (A.A.Eaton) J.H.Schaffn.  Equisetum laevigatum ×   Equisetum variegatum1904. Equisetum variegatum  var. nelsonii  A.A.Eaton 1926. Equisetum nelsoni J.H.Schaffn. | Nelson's scouring rush, Nelson's horsetail | Native, Unranked | | NYFA: U | USDA-NN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Equisetum × ferrissii Clute  Equisetum hyemale ×   Equisetum laevigatum1903. Equisetum hyemale  var. intermedium  A.A.Eaton 1904. Equisetum ferrissii Clute 1917. Equisetum intermedium Rydb. 1951. Equisetum hyemale  var. elatum  (Engelm.) C.V.Morton | Ferris' scouring rush | Native, Unranked | | NYFA: U | USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Equisetum (excluded) subg. Hippochaete | Scouring rush | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Equisetum laevigatum A.Braun (1844)    E. funstonii     Equisetum kansanum     Hippochaete laevigata | Smooth scouring-rush | N. America native, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |

## Order Ophioglossales

* The order Ophioglossales may contain the oldest of the plants now considered to be ferns s.l.
* ↑ P.F. Stevens, (2001-2015). "Ferns s.l." Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, April 2015

### Family Ophioglossaceae

* The Ophioglossaceae (adder's-tongue family) comprises primitive ferns that have traditionally been considered part of a group informally known as fern-allies. In New York, the family is represented by about a dozen native species, all of which are listed as protected plants.
* ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants..

#### Subfamily Botrychioideae

* The subfamily Botrychioideae C.Presl (1845). contains the moonworts, evergreen grapeferns, and rattlesnake ferns, which have also been treated as subgenera of Botrychium. The three genera of Botrychioideae growing in New York State are:
* Botrychium (Botrychium subg. Botrychium), moonworts and grape-ferns;
* Botrypus (Botrychium subg. Osmundopteris), rattlesnake fern;
* Sceptridium (Botrychium subg. Sceptridium), evergreen grape ferns.
* ↑ (2016), A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns. Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 54: 563-603.

##### Botrychium

* Botrychium matricariifolium daisy-leaved moonwortThe genus Botrychium (syn. Botrychium subg. Botrychium) contains the moonworts and grape-ferns.
Ophioglossales — Ophioglossaceae — Botrychium subg. Botrychium :
| Genus Botrychium subg. Botrychium | Moonwort, grape fern | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Botrychium matricariifolium (Döll) A.Braun ex W.D.J.Koch1843. Botrychium lunaria  var. matricariifolium  Döll 1847. Botrychium neglectum Alph.Wood 1847. Botrychium matricariifolium ex W.D.J.Koch | Daisy-leaved moonwort, Chamomile grape-fern, Matricary grapefernBotryche à feuille  de matricaire | Native, CoC: 7, Likely secure FACU Perennial, Fern | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Botrychium angustisegmentum (Pease & A.H.Moore) Fernald1906. Botrychium lanceolatum  var. angustisegmentum  Pease & A.H.Moore 1915. Botrychium angustisegmentum (Pease & A.H.Moore) Fernald 1937. Botrychium lanceolatum  ssp. angustisegmentum  R.T.Clausen | Narrow triangle moonwort, Narrow moonwort, Lance-leaved grape-fernBotryche à segments étroits | Native, CoC: 7, Likely secure FACW Perennial, Fern | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Botrychium simplex E.Hitchc.1823. Botrychium simplex E.Hitchc. 1899. Botrychium tenebrosum A.A.Eaton | Least grape-fern, Little grape-fern | Native, CoC: 9, Likely secure Perennial, Fern | | NYFA: 4-5 | USDA-NN Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Botrychium tenebrosum A.A.Eaton    Botrychium simplex  var. tenebrosum  (A.A.Eaton) R.T.Clausen     Botrychium tenebrosum A.A.Eaton | Shade-loving moonwort, Swamp moonwort | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered Perennial, Fern | | NYFA: 1 NYFA: Cayuga, St.Lawrence 4 counties | Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Botrychium neolunaria Stensvold & Farrar1753. Osmunda lunaria L. misapplied 1801. B. lunaria (L.) Sw. misappl. 1903. B. onondagense Underw. 1923. B. lunaria  var. onondagense  (Underw.) House 2017. B. neolunaria Stensvold & Farrar | Moonwort grape-fern, Common moonwort | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, CA, NYNHP: 1 Perennial, Fern | | NYFA: 1 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Botrychium minganense Vict.1927. Botrychium minganense Vict. 1937. Botrychium lunaria  var. minganense  (Vict.) Dole 1965. Botrychium lunaria  ssp. minganense  (Vict.) Calder & Roy L.Taylor | Mingan's moonwort, Mingan moonwort, Mingan Island moonwortBotryche de Mingan | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, CA, NYNHP: 1 Perennial, Fern | | NYFA: 1 | USDA-N Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Botrychium campestre W.H.Wagner & Farrar    Botrychium minganense (in part) | Prairie moonwort, Prairie dunewort, Dunewort, Iowa moonwort | Native, CoC: 10, No recent reports, NYNHP: 1 Perennial, Fern | | NYFA: Z | USDA-NN Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Botrychium subg. Botrychium (excluded taxa) | Moonwort, grape fern | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Botrychium lanceolatum (S.G.Gmel.) Ångstr.1854. Botrychium lanceolatum (S.G.Gmel.) Ångstr. | Triangle moonwortBotryche élancé | N. America native, N.Y. excluded Perennial, Fern | | NYFA-Excluded | FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Botrychium ascendens W.H.Wagner1986. Botrychium ascendens W.H.Wagner | Triangle-lobe moonwort, Upswept moonwort, Ascending grapefernBotryche ascendant | Native, Unreported Perennial, Fern | | NYFA: D | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Botrychium lunaria. Endangered, S1/G5. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Botrychium minganense. Endangered, S1/G4G5. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Botrychium campestre. Endangered, S1/Gx. ||||||

##### Botrypus

* Botrychium virginianumThe genus Botrypus Michx. (1803) (also treated as Botrychium subg. Osmundopteris) contains the fairly widespread Rattlesnake fern species Botrypus virginianus (syn. Botrychium virginianum).
* ↑ (2016), A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns. Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 54: 563-603.
Ophioglossales — Ophioglossaceae — Botrychium subg. Osmundopteris :
| Genus Botrychium subg. Osmundopteris | Rattlesnake fern | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Botrypus virginianus Michx.1753. Osmunda virginiana L. in Sp. Pl.:1064 1767. Osmunda virginica L. in Syst. Nat., ed. 12. 2:685, nom. superfl. 1800. Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. in J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800. Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. ssp. virginianum 1803. Botrypus virginianus Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:274 1803. Botrypus virginicus Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:274 1813. Botrychium gracile Pursh in Fl. Amer. Sept. 2:656 1938. Osmundopteris virginiana (L.) Small in Ferns S.E. States:377 1958. Japanobotrychium virginianum M.Nishida in J. Jap. Bot. 33:202 1973. Botrypus cicutaria (Savigny) Holub in Preslia 45: 277 | Rattlesnake fern, Rattlesnake grapefern, Virginia grapefernBotryche de Virginie | Native, CoC: 8, Secure | | NYFA: 61 counties iNat: 40 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

##### Sceptridium

* Botrychium dissectum cut-leaved grape-fernThe genus Sceptridium Lyon (1905), often treated as Botrychium subg. Sceptridium , contains the evergreen grape ferns, four species of which are native to New York.
Ophioglossales — Ophioglossaceae — Botrychioideae — Sceptridium :
| Genus Sceptridium | Evergreen grape fern | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Sceptridium dissectum (Spreng.) Lyon1804. Botrychium dissectum Spreng. in Anleit. Kenntn. Gew. 3:172 1810. Botrychium obliquum Muhl. ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 5:63 1902. Botrychium dissectum var. obliquum Clute in Fern Bull. 10:76 1905. Sceptridium dissectum (Spreng.) Lyon in Bot. Gaz. 40:457 1905. Sceptridium obliquum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Lyon in Bot. Gaz. 40:458 | Cut-leaved grape-fern Cutleaf grapefern Dissected grapefern | Native, CoC: 3, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies Note: CA |
| Sceptridium multifidum (S.G.Gmel.) M.Nishida1768. Osmunda multifida S.G.Gmel. in Novi Comment. Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop., nom. cons. 1825. Botrychium silaifolium C.Presl in Reliq. Haenk. 1:76 1859. Botrychium multifidum (S.G.Gmel.) Rupr. in Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reiches 11:40 1898. Botrychium coulteri Underw. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25:537 1905. Botrychium californicum Underw. in Torreya 5:107 1938. Botrychium obliquum var. multifidum (S.G.Gmel.) Clute in Our Ferns Haunts 1958. Sceptridium multifidum (S.G.Gmel.) M.Nishida in J. Jap. Bot. 33:200 | Leathery grape-fern Leather grape-fern | Native, CoC: 3, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Botrychium oneidense (Gilbert) House1901. Botrychium ternatum  var. oneidense  Gilbert 1902. Botrychium dissectum  var. oneidense  (Gilbert) Clute 1902. Botrychium dissectum  f. oneidense  (Gilbert) Clute 1902. Botrychium obliquum  f. oneidense  (Gilbert) Clute 1903. Botrychium obliquum  var. oneidense  (Gilbert) Waters 1905. Sceptridium obliquum  var. oneidense  (Gilbert) Lyon 1905. Botrychium ternatum  f. oneidense  (Gilbert) Clute 1916. Botrychium multifidum  var. oneidense  Farw. 1921. Botrychium oneidense (Gilbert) House 1998. Sceptridium oneidense (Gilbert) Holub | Blunt-lobed grape-fern, Bluntlobe grapefern, Oneida grape fern | Native, CoC: 5, Threatened, CA, NYNHP: 2 | | NYFA: 2-3 | USDA-NN Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Botrychium rugulosum W.H.Wagner1939. Botrychium multifidum  f. dentatum  R.M.Tryon 1982. Botrychium rugulosum W.H.Wagner 1997. Sceptridium rugulosum (W.H.Wagner) Škoda & Holub  auct. Botrychium ternatum non (Thunb.) Sw. | Ternate grapefern, Rugulose grape-fern, St. Lawrence grape-fern, Botryche à limbe rugueux | Native, CoC: 6, Endangered, Few populations, CA, NYNHP: 1 | | NYFA: 1 | USDA-NN Go Botany FNA BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Botrychium subg. Sceptridium (excluded taxa) | Evergreen grape fern | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Botrychium biternatum (Savigny) Underw.1798. Osmunda biternata Savigny 1896. Botrychium biternatum (Savigny) Underw. 1903. Botrychium tenuifolium Underw. 1905. Sceptridium tenuifolium (Underw.) Lyon 1905. Sceptridium biternatum (Savigny) Lyon 1924. Botrychium dissectum  var. tenuifolium  (Underw.) Farw. | Sparselobe grapefern, Sparse-lobe grape fern | N. America native, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-N0 FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Botrychium oneidense. Threatened, S2/G4. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Botrychium rugulosum. Endangered, S1/G3. ||||||

#### Subfamily Ophioglossoideae
##### Ophioglossum

* Ophioglossum pusillum northern adder's-tongueNorthern adder's-tongue may appear in wet meadows, swamp edges, and thickets.
Ophioglossales — Ophioglossaceae — Ophioglossum :
| Genus Ophioglossum | Adder's-tongue | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Ophioglossum pusillum Raf.1814. Ophioglossum pusillum Raf. 1927. Ophioglossum vulgatum  var. alaskanum  C.Chr. 1917. Ophioglossum vulgatum  var. pseudopodum  (S.F.Blake) Farw.  auct. Ophioglossum vulgatum non L. (s.s.) | Northern adder's-tongueHerbe-sans-couture | Native, CoC: 5, Vulnerable FACW Perennial, Fern | | NYFA: 3 | USDA-N Go Botany ITIS FNA IPN LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Ophioglossum (excluded) | Adder's-tongue | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Ophioglossum vulgatum L.1753. Ophioglossum vulgatum L. 1939. Ophioglossum vulgatum  var. pycnostichum  Fernald 1977. Ophioglossum pycnostichum (Fernald) A.Löve & D.Löve | Southern adder's-tongue, English adder's-tongueHerbe sans couture | N. America native, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN FNA IPN LBJ Images Wikispecies |

## Order Osmundales

The Osmundales contains a single family with three native species represented outside of cultivation in New York.

### Family Osmundaceae

* The Osmundaceae (royal fern family), as circumscribed here, contains six extant genera, three of which have single species found in New York.
* ↑ Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (November 2016). "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 54 (6): 563–603
| Osmundaceae | Todea Leptopteris Osmundastrum (cinnamon fern) Claytosmunda (interrupted fern) Plenasium Osmunda (royal fern) |

#### Osmundastrum

* Osmundastrum cinnamomeumOsmundastrum cinnamomeum (cinnamon fern) is the only living species of Osmundastrum.
Osmundales — Osmundaceae — Osmundastrum :
| Genus Osmundastrum | Cinnamon fern | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Osmundastrum cinnamomeum (L.) C.Presl ssp. cinnamomeum1753. Osmunda cinnamomea L. 1841. Osmunda cinnamomea  var. frondosa  Torr. & A.Gray 1847. Osmundastrum cinnamomeum (L.) C.Presl 1868. Osmunda cinnamomea  var. imbricata  (Kunze) Milde 1902. Osmunda cinnamomea  var. glandulosa  Waters 1909. Osmunda cinnamomea  var. fokiensis  Copel. | Cinnamon fern, BuckhornOsmonde cannelle | Native, CoC: 6, Secure, DEC-D OBL-FACW Perennial, Herb-fern | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies Note: FEIS |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (d) Exploitably vulnerable. ||||||

#### Claytosmunda

* Claytosmunda claytonianaClaytosmunda (Y. Yatabe, N. Murak. & K. Iwats.) Metzgar & Rouhan contains the single species Claytosmunda claytoniana (L.) Metzgar & Rouhan (interrupted fern), which until recently was placed in Osmunda subgenus Claytosmunda.
* ↑ Claytosmunda (Y. Yatabe, N. Murak. & K. Iwats.) Metzgar & Rouhan in Catalogue of Life, based on World Ferns: Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World (2022).
Osmundales — Osmundaceae — Claytosmunda :
| Genus Claytosmunda  (Y. Yatabe, N. Murak. & K. Iwats.) Metzgar & Rouhan | Interrupted fern | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Claytosmunda claytoniana (L.) Metzgar & Rouhan1753. Osmunda claytoniana L. 1801. Struthiopteris claytoniana (L.) Bernh. 1848. Plenasium claytonianum (L.) C. Presl 1941. Osmundastrum claytonianum (L.) Tagawa 2016. Claytosmunda claytoniana (L.) Metzgar & Rouhan | Interrupted fern, Clayton's fernOsmonde de Clayton | Native, CoC: 4, Secure, DEC-D FAC Perennial, Herb-fern | | NYFA: 5 GBIF | USDA-N Go Botany VASCAN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (d) Exploitably vulnerable. ||||||

#### Osmunda

* Osmunda spectabilis at Clark Reservation State ParkOsmunda L.. Osmunda spectabilis Willd.
* ↑ Osmunda spectabilis Willd. in Catalogue of Life from World Ferns: Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World (2022).
Osmundales — Osmundaceae — Osmunda :
| Genus Osmunda subg. Osmunda | Flowering fern | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Osmunda spectabilis Willd.1810. Osmunda spectabilis Willd. 1856. Osmunda regalis  var. spectabilis  (Willd.) A.Gray 1977. Osmunda regalis  ssp. spectabilis  (Willd.) Á.Löve & D.Löve | Royal fern, Regal fern, Flowering fernOsmonde royale, Fougère royale | Native, CoC: 6, Secure, DEC-D OBL Perennial, Herb-fern | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-N VASCAN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (d) Exploitably vulnerable. ||||||

## Order Hymenophyllales

* Crepidomanes intricatumThe order Hymenophyllales contains a single family, the Hymenophyllaceae, or filmy fern family.

### Family Hymenophyllaceae

* Crepidomanes intricatumIn New York, only one species of this family has been verified as living outside of cultivation, and that species is considered to be endangered in the state.

#### Crepidomanes

* Crepidomanes intricatumThe only member of the Hymenophyllaceae found in New York is a gametophitic weft fern Crepidomanes intricatum, which was transferred from Trichomanes to the mostly Asian Crepidomanes genus by Ebihara & Weakley (2011) based on molecular sequence. Crepidomanes intricatum is assumed to be gametophitic only. Sporophitic generations of this plant have not been observed.
* ↑ Weakley et al. (2011). "Nomenclatural changes in the flora of the southeastern United States". Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 5(2): 443.
* ↑ Ebihara Atsushi, Donald R. Farrar & Motomi Ito (2008). "The sporophyte-less filmy fern of eastern North America Trichomanes intricatum (Hymenophyllaceae) has the chloroplast genome of an Asian species." American Journal of Botany, 95(12): 1645-1651.
Hymenophyllales — Hymenophyllaceae — Crepidomanes :
| Genus Crepidomanes | Grotto felt | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Crepidomanes intricatum (Farrar) Ebihara & Weakley1992. Trichomanes intricatum Farrar 2011. Crepidomanes intricatum (Farrar) Ebihara & Weakley | Appalachian bristle fern, Appalachian trichomanes, Filmy fern, Weft fern | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, DEC-A | | Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Greene, Schoharie, Sullivan, Ulster, Westchester NYFA: 1 | USDA-N0 Go Botany ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ||||||

## Order Schizaeales

* The order Schizaeales contains the seemingly dissimilar families Anemiaceae (flowering ferns), Lygodiaceae (climbing ferns), and Schizaeaceae (curly-grass ferns). A single endangered species in each of the latter two families are present in New York.

### Family Lygodiaceae

* Lygodium palmatumThe Lygodiaceae (climbing-fern family) consists of the single genus Lygodium, which in New York, is represented by the endangered American climbing fern. No other Lygodium species are native to North America, and some have been found to be invasive in the southern U.S.
* ↑ Kenneth A. Langeland, Stephen F. Enloe, and Jeffery Hutchinson "Natural Area Weeds: Old World Climbing Fern (Lygodium microphyllum)"

#### Lygodium

* Lygodium palmatumThe genus Lygodium contains about 40 species of climbing ferns, the only one of which is found in New York (and the only North American native) is the endangered American climbing fern or Hartford fern (Lygodium palmatum). It grows in moist acidic thickets and woods.
Schizaeales — Lygodiaceae — Lygodium :
| Genus Lygodium | Climbing fern | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Lygodium palmatum (Bernh.) Sw.1800. Gisopteris palmata Bernh. 1806. Lygodium palmatum (Bernh.) Sw. | American climbing fern, Creeping fern, Hartford fern, Windsor fern | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, DEC-A FACW Perennial, Herb-fern | | Chenango, Greene, Oneida, Onondaga, Saratoga, Suffolk NYFA: 1 | USDA-N0 FNA Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ||||||

### Family Schizaeaceae

The Schizaeaceae (curly-grass family)...

#### Schizaea

Schizaeales — Schizaeaceae — Schizaea :
| Genus Schizaea Sm. | Curlygrass fern | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Schizaea pusilla Pursh1814. Schizaea pusilla Pursh | Curlygrass, Curly-grass fern, Little curlygrass fern | Native, CoC: 9, Endangered, DEC-A OBL Perennial, Herb-fern | | NYFA: 1 | USDA-N FNA Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ||||||

## Order Salviniales

* The order Salviniales (the heterosporous or water ferns) contains the families Salviniaceae (mosquitoferns) and Marsileaceae (waterferns), which have few species represented in New York.

### Family Salviniaceae

* The family Salviniaceae contains the aquatic fern genera Azolla and Salvinia.

#### Azolla

* Azolla cristata, mosquito fernAzolla (mosquito ferns) have previously been placed in their own family, the Azollaceae. The taxonomy of the New World Azolla species has been in dispute - four species have been reported in the literature: A. caroliniana, A. filiculoides, A. mexicana and A. microphylla, but Evrard and Van Hove (2004) concluded that only two species exist in America and, according to the priority rule for nomenclature, they should be named A. cristata and A. filiculoides. Azolla filiculoides has been excluded from the New York Flora Atlas.
* ↑ The New York Flora Atlas states: "Evrard and Hove (2004) provide evidence that the correct name for this taxon is A. cristata and that A. caroliniana, which has been misapplied to A. cristata, is a true synonym of A. filiculoides."
* ↑ C. Evrard & C. Van Hove (2004) Taxonmy of the American Azolla species (Azollaceae): a critical review Systematics and Geography of Plants 74:301-318
Salviniales — Salviniaceae — Azolla sect. Azolla :
| Genus Azolla sect. Azolla | Mosquitofern | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Azolla cristata Kaulf.1824. Azolla cristata Kaulf. 1827. Azolla portoricensis Spreng. 1830. Azolla mexicana Schltdl. & Cham. nom. nud. 1844. Azolla mexicana Schltdl. & Cham. ex Kunze 1845. Azolla mexicana Schltdl. & Cham. ex C.Presl  auct. Azolla caroliniana non Willd.  auct. Azolla filiculoides non Lam. | Mosquito fern, Carolina mosquitofern, Eastern mosquito-fern, Fairy-moss, Mosquito-plantAzolle de Caroline, Azolla de Caroline | Native, CoC: 2, Unranked, DEC-D, SNR, G5 OBL Annual, Herb-fern | | NYFA: 2? | USDA-NX Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies Note: |
| Genus Azolla (excluded taxa) | Mosquitofern | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Azolla filiculoides Lam.1783. Azolla filiculoides Lam. 1810. Azolla caroliniana Willd. 1810. Azolla magellanica Willd. 1824. Azolla microphylla Kaulf. 1827. Azolla arbuscula Desv. | Pacific mosquitofern, Pacific azolla, Fern azolla, Large mosquito fern, Duckweed fern, Redwater fernAzolle fausse-filicule, Azolla fausse-filicule | N. America native, N.Y. excluded | | excluded NYFA-Excluded | USDA-NX VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (d) Exploitably vulnerable. [Listed as Azolla caroliniana, Mosquito-fern] ↑ The New York Flora Atlas states: "Evrard and Hove (2004) provide evidence that the correct name for this taxon is A. cristata and that A. caroliniana, which has been misapplied to A. cristata, is a true synonym of A. filiculoides." ↑ C. Evrard & C. Van Hove (2004) Taxonmy of the American Azolla species (Azollaceae): a critical review Systematics and Geography of Plants 74:301-318 ||||||

#### Salvinia

* Salvinia minimaThe two species of Salvinia previously reported in New York have been excluded from the New York Flora Atlas as of 9/18/2016.
* The genus Salvinia (watermoss) contains mostly tropical, aquatic ferns. S. minima, mistakenly reported as S. natans has been reported from ponds on Staten Island and Rockland County, but these may have been aquarium escapes, as this genus is unlikely to be able to naturalize that far north.
* DEC regulation 193.3 Protected native plants, lists Salvinia minima as Exploitably vulnerable, even though it is a Central and South American native that is considered to be invasive in the southeastern U.S.
* ↑ Salvinia minima, Weldy, Troy, David Werier, and Andrew Nelson. 2016 New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.
* ↑ Salvinia, New York Metropolitan Flora Project Science Staff, 02/16/2012.
* ↑ New York Codes, Rules and Regulations
* ↑ 2021 Native Plant Trust. Go Botany (3.5)
Salviniales — Salviniaceae — Salvinia :
| Genus Salvinia Seg. (excluded species) | Watermoss | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Salvinia minima Baker1886. Salvinia minima Baker | Floating-fern, Water-fern, Water spangles, Common watermoss | Introduced from  South America,  southern Mexico, Highly invasive,  USGS: L48 invasive, NYFA Excluded, DEC-D, (Exploitably vulnerable‽) | NYFA-Excluded NYFA: excluded iNat GBIF No observations | USDA-XX COL Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Salvinia auriculata Aubl.1775. Salvinia auriculata Aubl. 1792. Marsilea auriculata (Aubl.) Vitman 1810. Marsilea rotundifolia Willd. | Eared water-moss ⓘ African payal ⓘ Rundblättriger Schwimmfarn | Introduced, Potentially invasive,  iMapInvasives,  USGS: L48 not listed | NYFA-Excluded NYFA: excluded iNat GBIF no observations | COL Images Wikispecies |
| Salvinia natans1753. Marsilea natans L. 1785. Salvinia natans (L.) All. | Floating watermoss ⓘ Schwimmfarn ⓘ Helechillo de agua ⓘ | Introduced from  Eurasia,  northen Africa, N.Y. excluded,  USGS: L48 not listed | excluded NYFA-Excluded iNat GBIF | USDA-X COL ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies Note: |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (d) Exploitably vulnerable. ↑ The New York Flora Atlas states: "Most likely all New York material previously referred to as Salvinia natans is actually S. minima." ||||||

### Family Marsileaceae

* The Marsileaceae (water-clover family) has a single species (Marsilea quadrifolia) surviving outside of cultivation in New York.

#### Marsilea

* Marsilea quadrifolia, European water-clover Although fairly rare, European water-clover can have large local populations and is considered to be potentially invasive in the Finger Lakes and Lower Hudson Valley. According to the USDA-NRCS PLANTS database, Marsilea quadrifolia is native to parts of Ontario, Canada, but other sources list it as only a European native.
* ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Marsilea: quadrifolia (Unranked).
* ↑ New York Flora Atlas: Marsilea quadrifolia
* ↑ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Profile: Marsilea quadrifolia Native Status
* ↑ USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) Online Database. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. (21 June 2013)
* ↑ Database of Vascular Plants of Canada (VASCAN) - Marsilea quadrifolia (accessed on 2021-04-16)
Salviniales — Marsileaceae — Marsilea :
| Genus Marsilea | Waterclover | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Marsilea quadrifolia L. | European water-clover, European water fern, Water shamrock, European pepperwortMarsilée à quatre feuilles, Marsile à quatre feuilles | Introduced from  Europe, Potentially invasive, NYIS: 45% | | NYFA: X NYFA: 6 counties 1 county | USDA-XN‽ Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Marsilea quadrifolia: U 45 - Finger Lakes & Lower Hudson . ||||||