OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Celestia/Celx Scripting/CELX Lua Methods/CEL command constellations
### constellations

constellations { set|clear <name> }
Set the rendering of individual constellations defined in <name>, -- OR -- Clear the rendering of individual constellations defined in <name>.
Notes:
* Besides setting or clearing the rendering of the constellation(s), this command also takes effect on the constellation name(s).
* The renderflags { set "constellations" } command must be given prior to this command to enable rendering of constellations.
Arguments:

#### set <name> -- OR -- clear <name>

    A string which contains the name of the constellation on which the rendering change is applied. Spedial value "all", to set or clear the rendering of all the constellations at once. Otherwise must be one (or more, separated by a space) of:
   * "Andromeda", "Antlia", "Apus", "Aquarius", "Aquila", "Ara", "Aries", "Auriga", "Boötes", "Caelum", "Camelopardalis", "Cancer", "Canes Venatici", "Canis Major", "Canis Minor", "Capricornus", "Carina", "Cassiopeia", "Centaurus", "Cepheus", "Cetus", "Chamaeleon", "Circinus", "Columba", "Coma Berenices", "Corona Australis", "Corona Borealis", "Corvus", "Crater", "Crux", "Cygnus", "Delphinus", "Dorado", "Draco", "Equuleus", "Eridanus", "Fornax", "Gemini", "Grus", "Hercules", "Horologium", "Hydra", "Hydrus", "Indus", "Lacerta", "Leo", "Leo Minor", "Lepus", "Libra", "Lupus", "Lynx", "Lyra", "Mensa", "Microscopium", "Monoceros", "Musca", "Norma", "Octans", "Ophiuchus", "Orion", "Pavo", "Pegasus", "Perseus", "Phoenix", "Pictor", "Pisces", "Piscis Austrinus", "Puppis", "Pyxis", "Reticulum", "Sagitta", "Sagittarius", "Scorpius", "Sculptor", "Scutum", "Serpens Caput", "Serpens Cauda", "Sextans", "Taurus", "Telescopium", "Triangulum", "Triangulum Australe", "Tucana", "Ursa Major", "Ursa Minor", "Vela", "Virgo", "Volans", "Vulpecula".
   * If the asterisms.dat file in the ..\celestia\data directory contains alternative asterisms and/or constellation names, the mentioned names in this file can be used too in this parameter.
CELX equivalent:
Based on the 1.6.0 celestia:showconstellations and 1.6.0 celestia:hideconstellations methods.
* Define a table containing the name(s) <name> of the constellation(s) on which the rendering change must be applied.
* Use celestia:showconstellations method to enable rendering of the constellation name(s) table.
* Use celestia:hideconstellations method to disable rendering of the constellation name(s) table.
Summarized:
-- OR --
Example: Only show the zodiacal constellations.
CEL:
CELX:
Back to CEL command index
# Celestia/Celx Scripting/CELX Lua Methods/CEL command exit
### exit

exit
Shutdown Celestia.
Example: Shutdown Celestia.
CEL:
Back to CEL command index
# Celestia/Celx Scripting/CELX Lua Methods/CEL command deleteview
### deleteview

deleteview { view <viewnumber> }
Delete the view of the specified <viewnumber>.
Notes:
* Using this command only makes sense if there is at least one Muliti view left. This command has no effect on a Single view.
Arguments:

#### view <viewnumber>

    A number, identifying the view on the screen to be deleted. Default is 1. Must be a valid identifier, regarding the number of views on the screen, otherwise no delete will be performed.
CELX equivalent:
Based on the observer:deleteview method.
* Get observer instance of the active view instance within a Multi view and delete is.
-- OR --
* Get observer instances of all views and delete the view with identifier <viewnumber>.
Example: Split the screen in 4 equal parts and delete view number 3 after 5 seconds.
CEL:
CELX:
Back to CEL command index
# Celestia/Celx Scripting/CELX Lua Methods/CEL command follow
### follow

follow { }
This command tells Celestia to set the Coordinate System to ecliptical, and to follow the currently selected object.
The command has no arguments.
CELX equivalent-1:
Based on the observer:setframe method.
* Find the target object with name <string> to be followed and store in “objectname”.
* Create new frame of reference to ecliptic with "objectname" as reference object and store in "frame".
* Get observer instance of the active view and set the coordinate system of the frame of reference to "frame".
Summarized:
CELX equivalent-2:
Based on the observer:follow method.
* Find the target object with name <string> to be followed and store in "objectname".
* Get observer instance of the active view and activate follow-mode on "objectname". Follow-mode is the same as setting the frame of reference to ecliptic with "objectname" as reference object.
Summarized:
Example: This example selects Mars, sets the Coordinate System to ecliptical (follow), and then travels to Mars.
CEL:
CELX-1 with observer:setframe method:
CELX-2 with observer:follow method:
Back to CEL command index
# Celestia/Celx Scripting/CELX Lua Methods/CEL command labels
### labels

labels { set|clear <labelflagsstring> }
Set (turn on) or clear (turn off) labeling of one or more items.
Arguments:

#### set <labelflagsstring> -- OR -- clear <labelflagsstring>

    The set or clear string values can be any combination of the items listed below. No default. Multiple values are specified within a single set of quotes ("...") by separating them with a space or vertical bar "|" (i.e. "moons|stars"):
   * asteroids
   * comets
   * constellations
   * 1.6.0 dwarfplanets
   * galaxies
   * 1.6.0 globulars
   * 1.5.0 i18nconstellations
   ** used to display either the Latin or the translated label names of constellations when the labeling of constellations is enabled.
   * locations
   * 1.6.0 minormoons
   * moons
   * 1.5.0 nebulae
   * 1.5.0 openclusters
   * planets
   * spacecraft
   * stars
CELX equivalent-1:
Based on the celestia:hidelabel and celestia:showlabel methods.
* Enable labeling with celestia:showlabel( <labelflagstring> ) method. <labelflagstring> describes the type of labels to enable. Multiple label types can be enabled at once by giving multiple arguments to this method, separated with a comma ",". Must be one of:
** planets, moons, spacecraft, asteroids, comets, stars, galaxies, locations, constellations, 1.5.0 i18nconstellations, 1.5.0 openclusters, 1.5.0 nebulae, 1.6.0 dwarfplanets, 1.6.0 minormoons, 1.6.0 globulars.
* Disable labeling with celestia:hidelabel( <labelflagstring> ) method. <labelflagstring> describes the type of labels to disable. Multiple label types can be disabled at once by giving multiple arguments to this method, separated with a comma ",". Must be one of:
** planets, moons, spacecraft, asteroids, comets, stars, galaxies, locations, constellations, 1.5.0 i18nconstellations, 1.5.0 openclusters, 1.5.0 nebulae, 1.6.0 dwarfplanets, 1.6.0 minormoons, 1.6.0 globulars.
CELX equivalent-2:
Based on the celestia:setlabelflags method.
* Use the celestia:setlabelflags{ <labelflagstring> = boolean } method to enable or disable the rendering of labels. Note the curly braces. <labelflagstring> is a table which contains the labelflags as keys and booleans as values for each key. The labelflag keys must be one of:
** planets, moons, spacecraft, asteroids, comets, stars, galaxies, locations, constellations, 1.5.0 i18nconstellations, 1.5.0 openclusters, 1.5.0 nebulae, 1.6.0 dwarfplanets, 1.6.0 minormoons, 1.6.0 globulars.
Multiple features can be enabled at once by giving multiple arguments to this method, separated with a comma ",".
Example: The following examples demonstrate how to clear and set labels.
CEL:
CELX with celestia:hidelabel and celestia:showlabel methods:
CELX with celestia:setlabelflags method:
Back to CEL command index
# Celestia/Celx Scripting/CELX Lua Methods/CEL command cls
### cls

cls { }
Clears the display screen of any left-over text that was printed via the print command. There is no much need to use this command.
The command has no arguments.
CELX equivalent-1:
Based on the celestia:print method.
* Clear the display screen of any left-over text, by printing a blanc line.
CELX equivalent-2:
Based on the celestia:flash method.
* Clear the display screen of any left-over text, by flashing a blanc line.
Example: The following example prints text for 5 seconds, but after 2 seconds the display is cleared.
CEL:
-- OR --
CELX-1 with celestia:print method:
CELX-2 with celestia:flash method:
Back to CEL command index
# Celestia/Celx Scripting/CELX Lua Methods/CEL command constellationcolor
### constellationcolor

constellationcolor { set|clear <name> color <colorvector> }
Set the color of individual constellations defined in <name> to the given <vector> color, -- OR -- Clear the color of individual constellations defined in <name> to the original Celestia color.
Note:
* Besides setting or clearing the color of the constellation(s), this command also takes effect on the constellation name(s).
* The renderflags { set "constellations" } command must be given prior to this command to enable rendering of constellations.
Arguments:

#### set <name> -- OR -- clear <name>

    A string which contains the name of the constellation on which the color change is applied. Spedial value "all", to set or reset the color of all the constellations at once. Otherwise must be one (or more, separated by a space) of:
   * "Andromeda", "Antlia", "Apus", "Aquarius", "Aquila", "Ara", "Aries", "Auriga", "Boötes", "Caelum", "Camelopardalis", "Cancer", "Canes Venatici", "Canis Major", "Canis Minor", "Capricornus", "Carina", "Cassiopeia", "Centaurus", "Cepheus", "Cetus", "Chamaeleon", "Circinus", "Columba", "Coma Berenices", "Corona Australis", "Corona Borealis", "Corvus", "Crater", "Crux", "Cygnus", "Delphinus", "Dorado", "Draco", "Equuleus", "Eridanus", "Fornax", "Gemini", "Grus", "Hercules", "Horologium", "Hydra", "Hydrus", "Indus", "Lacerta", "Leo", "Leo Minor", "Lepus", "Libra", "Lupus", "Lynx", "Lyra", "Mensa", "Microscopium", "Monoceros", "Musca", "Norma", "Octans", "Ophiuchus", "Orion", "Pavo", "Pegasus", "Perseus", "Phoenix", "Pictor", "Pisces", "Piscis Austrinus", "Puppis", "Pyxis", "Reticulum", "Sagitta", "Sagittarius", "Scorpius", "Sculptor", "Scutum", "Serpens Caput", "Serpens Cauda", "Sextans", "Taurus", "Telescopium", "Triangulum", "Triangulum Australe", "Tucana", "Ursa Major", "Ursa Minor", "Vela", "Virgo", "Volans", "Vulpecula".
   * If the asterisms.dat file in the ..\celestia\data directory contains alternative asterisms and/or constellation names, the mentioned names in this file can be used too in this parameter.

#### color <vector> [optional]

    Defines the components of the RGB values [Red Green Blue] of the color to be applied to the constellation(s), as a vector. Values must be between 0 and 1. Default is [1 0 0]. This parameter is not needed and used when the constellation colors are cleared.
CELX equivalent:
Based on the 1.6.0 celestia:setconstellationcolor method.
* Define a table containing the name(s) <name> of the constellation(s) on which the color change must be applied.
* Extract the RGB values from <vector> and place them as parameter 1, 2 and 3 in the celestia:setconstellationcolor method, followed by the constellation name(s) table as 4th parameter.
Summarized:
Example: Show all zodiacal constellations in yellow
CEL:
CELX:
Back to CEL command index
# Ruy Lopez:Riga Variation

Black is in danger of seeing some large pieces fall off the board in the next few moves. In addition to the piece currently en prise, the f3-knight is threatening to take on d4 ganging up on the c6-knight and freeing the f-pawn to advance to f3 and win the house.
Black has to start some sort of counterattack, and the way to do this is with 7...d5 ignoring the pin on the c6-knight. 7...f5 is too little too late (8. Nxd4 b5 9. Bb3 Qh4 10. g3 Qf6 11. Nxc6 dxc6 12. f3), and 7...Qe7 swaps one pin for another (8. Bxc6 dxc6 9. Nfd2 Bf5 10. Qf3 just about wraps things up). Anything else drops the knight.
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# Ruy Lopez:Riga Variation

Both Nxc6 and f3 are now threatened, and even if Black can meet the first threat there seems to be nothing she can do about the second, unless she can distract White by going after something more valuable than a knight. The departure of the f3-knight, an important defender of the White kingside, along with the strong placement of Black's own knight on e4, might be a clue...
The move is 8...Bd6, and the plan is for Black's bishop, knight and queen to have a chat with the White king.
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# Ruy Lopez Open Defence

Black is temporarily two pawns up, but there is a loose knight sitting on an open file leading straight to her king. Why not attack it with 7. Re1?
7. c3 is just getting silly. Black will be two clear pawns up and as in the Danish Gambit, she can give one pawn back and run off with the other.
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# Ruy Lopez, Riga Variation

Black interposes his bishop between his queen and white's g5 bishop. Usually this means black is willing to trade bishops, as white almost always takes with 9. Bxe7. White has no better move, as his bishop is threatened, under attack from two pieces and defended only by the f3 knight.
Black can take back with 9...Kxe7 or 9...Qxe7, however 9...Kxe7 is considered correct as it frees black's c6 knight from the pin.
9...Kxe7 is usually followed with 10.Bxc6 bxc6 11.Qxd4 from white, winning back a pawn.
9...Qxe7 means that white still has two pins going, and he will try to make the most of that with moves like 10.c4 which threaten to unhinge black's pinned knight in the center.
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# Ruy Lopez:Riga Variation

Black is temporarily a piece for a pawn down, but recapturing will allow White to win the exchange and her pawn back. As if that were not enough, the threat of f3 still hangs over Black's head. Desperate situations call for desperate measures, so it should be no surprise that 9...Bxh2+! is the only move that keeps Black on the board.
Any futile attacking gestures with the queen can be easily squelched: 9...Qf6 10. Be3 or 9...Qh4 10. g3 Qf6 11. Be3.
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# Ruy Lopez:Riga Variation

8. Nxd4 keeps the threats coming while recovering a pawn (White is two pawns down, remember).
8. Bg5 aims to eliminate the f8-bishop. It allows Black to break at least one of the pins against her king, but may still be good enough for an edge. ...f6 in response can get complicated.
8. c4 tries to pressure the center and eliminate one of black's d pawns. If black chooses to take en passant with ...dxc3, white can respond Nxc3, putting another attacker on the pinned e4 knight. The response 8...Bb4 9.cxd5 Bxe1 10.Qxe1 Qxd5 11.Bb3 Qf5 is more advisable for black.
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## References

Nunn, John (ed.); et al. (1999). Nunn's Chess Openings. Everyman Chess. ISBN 1-85744-221-0. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help); Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
# Ruy Lopez, Riga Variation

White's move threatens black's queen and attempts to eliminate the dark side bishop. Note that in the main line of the Riga Variation, that bishop is sacrificed on h2 for attacking chances on white's king.
8...Be7 accepts the trade, usually following 9.Bxe7 Kxe7 to break the pin coming from the a5 bishop.
8...f6 gets complicated. Now white has a piece in danger as well. White can respond Nxd4 and play can continue toward the main line. Simply moving the bishop again loses a tempo and the initiative.
8...Qd6 moves the queen out of the way, though it does take the square the bishop needs to sacrifice on h2.
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# Ruy Lopez:Riga Variation

With her last move White created the dual threats Nxc6 (bxc6 Bxc6+ winning the exchange) and f3. Can either of these still be played?
It turns out that 9. f3 allows perpetual check, as it removes the option of driving away a Black queen from h4 by playing g3.
9. Nxc6 it is, then.
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# Ruy Lopez: Riga Variation

The first point to note is that after the natural 10.Kxh2, Black has perpetual check with the queen at h4 and f2. This gives White a choice of 10. Kf1 or 10. Kh1.
After 10. Kh1, Black must threaten checkmate with 10...Qh4 (or her pieces all start falling off the board). Then the only way out for White is 11. Rxe4+, to remove Black's control over f2. (Discovered checks will only allow Black to unpin her knight with fatal consequences.) Black must recapture somehow - admittedly, recaptures cannot be taken for granted in this variation, but this time Black's queen is attacked. There's no point getting greedy with Qxe4 attacking a4, because White can drive the queen off with Nc3, then play Ne5+ and Nf3 to smoke out the bishop. Instead, 11...dxe4 covers f3. The dénouement (all forced) is: 12. Qd8+ Qxd8 13. Nxd8 Kxd8 14. Kxh2 - and nominal material balance has been restored, although the endgame is thought to favour White. Note in this position, white threatens Bb3, targeting black's f7 pawn. A naive attempt to handle it with 14...f5?? 15. Bg5# is to be avoided. Instead, black should play 14...Be6.
After 10. Kf1, 10...Qh4 again threatens mate. The simple Be3 allows ...O-O! Suddenly all White's threats are neutralised and Black has two clear pawns for the piece with huge pressure on White's kingside. Better is 11. Nd4+ b5 and only then 12. Be3. The knight threatens to come back to f3 kicking the queen and exchanging off Black's useful bishop, and combined with the fact that Qxd5 forks the e4-knight and a8-rook this makes 12...bxa4 a bad idea. 12...Bg4 is much more promising - Black looks to have good chances after 13. Nf3 Bxf3 14. gxf3 Qh3+ 15. Ke2 O-O-O! - which suggests that White should go with the risk-free edge after 10. Kh1.
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# Ruy Lopez:Riga Variation

White has chosen to move the king to h1, replying to the bishop attack on h2.
Black still has queen under threat and knight pinned, as well as bishop possibly hanging. The only way to address this is 10...Qh4, threatening checkmate. Alternatives leave things hanging.
Taking with 10...bxc6 invites a king and rook fork after 11.Bxc6+. After 11...Bd7, white can also choose to play 12.Bxd5 and pile more pressure on the pinned knight white leaving the option open to take the hanging bishop.
10...Qd7 sets up a queen trade with a win of a pawn for white and the end of black's attack. This continuation may go 10...Qd7 11.Qxd5 Qxd5 12.Nb4+ Kf8 13.Nxd5 Be6 14.Rxe4 Bxd5 15.Rd4 Be6. After the queen trade, black has two pieces hanging, and cannot save both.
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# English Opening: Anglo-Dutch Defence
## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1.c4 f5
| | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
| | Nf3 Nf6 | g3 g6 | Bg2 Bg7 | O-O O-O | | | | ∞ |
| Stonewall Variation | g3 Nf6 | Bg2 e6 | Nf3 d5 | O-O c6 | d3 Be7 | Nc3 O-O | e4 d4 | += |
| Leningrad Variation | ... ... | ... g6 | Nc3 Bg7 | d3 O-O | e4 d6 | Nge2 c5!? | exf5! gxf5 | ∞ |
| Wade Gambit | g4 ... | | | | | | | =+ |
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## References

* Unorthodox Chess Openings (1998). Eric Schiller. ISBN 0-940685-73-6.
* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
* This Chess related article is a stub. Please assist Wikibooks by expanding it.
# Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Na6
## 1...Na6? - Australian Defense

The dubious Australian Defense (1. d4 Na6?) is a chess opening that is not very popular or well-regarded by experts. It is a transposition of the De Bruycker's Defense (1. e4 c6 2. d4 Na6), which is a more solid and principled defense against 1. e4. However, some players may choose to play 1. d4 instead of 1. e4, hoping to surprise their opponents with an unusual move order.
According to the web search results, the dubious Australian Defense has only a 29% chance of success for black, according to an analysis engine². Black can sometimes transpose to the De Bruycker's Defense or the Caro-Kann Defense (1. d4 c6 2. e4) with moves like 2...c6 or 2...e5². Moreover, most of the games played with this opening are short and uninformative, as white usually wins after a small amount of moves or after dozens of exchanges.

## References

- [Queen's Pawn Opening: Australian Defense - Chess Openings] - [d4 Na6 e4 only 29% Success Rate - Chess (1) d4 Na6 e4 only 29% Success Rate - Chess Forums. 'www.chess.com/forum/view/chess-openings/d4-na6-e4-only-29-success-rate.' (2) d4 Na6 e4 only 29% Success Rate - Chess Forums. 'www.chess.com/forum/view/chess-openings/d4-na6-e4-only-29-success-rate.' (3) Queen's Pawn Opening: Australian Defense - Chess Openings. 'www.chess.com/openings/Queens-Pawn-Opening-Australian-Defense.'
1. d4 Na6?
# English Opening: Great Snake Variation

A transposing move.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
| 2 |
| Nc3 Bg7 | = |
| g3 Bg7 | = |
| d4 Bg7 | = |
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## References

* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# English Opening
### 5. O-O
## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1.c4 e6 2.Nf3 d5 3.g3 Nf6 4.Bg2 Be7 5.O-O
| 5 | 6 |
| O-O O-O | b3 b6 | = |
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## References

* Nunn's Chess Openings. 1999. John Nunn (Editor), Graham Burgess, John Emms, Joe Gallagher. ISBN 1-8574-4221-0.
* This Chess related article is a stub. Please assist Wikibooks by expanding it.
# English Opening: Myers Defence

After playing 1. c4, White can no longer support the centre with c3. By playing a version of Grob's Attack, Black intends to put pressure on d4. Nevertheless, White obtains a significant advantage but must play carefully because Black puts a lot of pressure on White's queenside.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1.c4 g5
| 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| d4 Bg7?! | Bxg5! c5 | Nf3 cxd4 | Nxd4 Qb6 | Nb5 Bxb2?! | N1c3! Bxa1? | Qxa1 f6 | Nd5 Qc6 | +- |
| ... h6 | Nc3 Bg7 | e4 d6 | Be3 Nc6 | Nge2 Nf6 | f3 a6 | Qd2 Rb8 | h4 g4 | += |
| ... ... | ... ... | ... c5 | dxc5 Bxc3+ | bxc3 Qa5 | Ne2 Qxc5 | Qd4 Qxd4 | cxd4 ... | +- |
| ... ... | ... ... | ... Nc6 | Be3 e5 | d5 Nd4 | d6! cxd6 | Nge2! Qb6 | Qd2! Ne7 | +- |
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## References

* Taming Wild Chess Openings: How to Deal with the Good, the Bad and the Ugly over the Chess Board (2015). John Watson. ISBN 9056915703.
* This Chess related article is a stub. Please assist Wikibooks by expanding it.
# Cg Programming/Unity/Two-Sided Smooth Surfaces

This tutorial covers two-sided per-pixel lighting (i.e. two-sided Phong shading).
Here we combine the per-pixel lighting discussed in Section “Smooth Specular Highlights” with the two-sided lighting discussed in Section “Two-Sided Surfaces”.

## Shader Coder

The required changes to the code of Section “Smooth Specular Highlights” are: new properties for the back material, duplication of the passes with front-face culling for one copy and back-face culling for the other copy, and negation of the surface normal vector for the rendering of the back faces. It's actually quite straightforward. The code looks like this:

## Summary

Congratulations, you have reached the end of this short tutorial. We have seen:
* How two-sided surfaces can be rendered with per-pixel lighting.

## Further reading

If you still want to know more
* about the shader version for single-sided per-pixel lighting, you should read Section “Smooth Specular Highlights”.
* about the shader version for two-sided per-vertex lighting, you should read Section “Two-Sided Surfaces”.
< Cg Programming/Unity