# Flora of New York/Acorales & Alismatales

| ← Nymphaeales & magnoliids | Flora of New York — Acorales & Alismatales | Flora of New York — Acorales & Alismatales | Flora of New York — Acorales & Alismatales | Flora of New York — Acorales & Alismatales | → Dioscoreales & Liliales |
| ← Nymphaeales & magnoliids | Table of contents | Genus index | Protected species index | Invasive species index | → Dioscoreales & Liliales |
| monocots   Acorales : Acoraceae   Acorus americanus (American sweetflag)     Acorus calamus (old world sweetflag)           Alismatales   Tofieldiaceae—Triantha glutinosa (sticky false asphodel)       Araceae   Orontioideeae   Orontium aquaticum (golden club)     Symplocarpus foetidus (skunk cabbage)           Lemnoideae   Spirodela polyrrhiza (common duckmeal)     Lemna spp. (5 duckweeds)     Wolffia spp. (3 watermeals)         Aroideae   Calla palustris (wild calla, water arum)     Peltandra virginica (green arrow arum, tuckahoe)     Arisaema dracontium (green dragon)     Arisaema triphyllum (4 Jack-in-the-pulpit subspp.)                   Alismataceae   Sagittaria spp. (9 arrowheads)     Alisma spp. (3 water plantains)           Butomaceae—Butomus umbellatus (flowering rush)     Hydrocharitaceae   Hydrocharitoideae   Hydrocharis morsus-ranae (European frog’s bit)     Egeria densa (Brazilian waterweed)     Limnobium spongia (American frog’s bit)           Stratiotoideae—       Anacharidoideae—Elodea spp. (3 waterweeds)     Hydrilloideae   Najas spp. (8 water nymphs, naiads)     Hydrilla verticillata (hydrilla, water thyme)     Vallisneria americana (water celery, tape grass)                       Scheuchzeriaceae—Scheuchzeria palustris (pod grass)       Aponogetonaceae (none in NY)       Juncaginaceae—Triglochin spp. (2 arrowgrasses)       Maundiaceae (none in NY)         Posidoniaceae (none in NY)       Ruppiaceae—Ruppia maritima (widgeon grass, ditch grass)     Cymodoceaceae (none in NY)           Zosteraceae—Zostera marina (eel grass}     Potamogetonaceae                           Dioscoreales       Liliales       Asparagales         Poales       Zingiberales     Commelinales | alismatid monocots lilioid monocots commelinid monocots |
| Clade | Order | Family | Subfamily | Tribe | Genus | Common names | # |
| alismatid monocots | Acorales | Acoraceae | — | — | Acorus | sweetflag | 2 |
| alismatid monocots | Alismatales | Araceae | Orontioideae | Orontieae | Orontium | goldenclub | 1 |
| alismatid monocots | Alismatales | Araceae | Orontioideae | Symplocarpeae | Symplocarpus | skunk cabbage | 1 |
| alismatid monocots | Alismatales | Araceae | Lemnoideae | — | Spirodela | duckmeat | 1 |
| alismatid monocots | Alismatales | Araceae | Lemnoideae | — | Lemna | duckweed | 5 |
| alismatid monocots | Alismatales | Araceae | Lemnoideae | — | Wolffia | watermeal | 3 |
| alismatid monocots | Alismatales | Araceae | Aroideae | Calleae | Calla | callalily | 1 |
| alismatid monocots | Alismatales | Araceae | Aroideae | Peltandreae | Peltandra | arrow-arum | 1 |
| alismatid monocots | Alismatales | Araceae | Aroideae | Arisaemateae | Arisaema | Jack-in-the-pulpit | 5 |
| alismatid monocots | Alismatales | Araceae | Aroideae | Arisaemateae | Pinellia | pinellia | 1 |
| alismatid monocots | Alismatales | Araceae | Aroideae | Pistieae | Pistia | water-lettuce | 1 |
| alismatid monocots | Alismatales | Tofieldiaceae | — | — | Triantha | tofieldia, false asphodel | 1 |
| alismatid monocots | Alismatales | Hydrocharitaceae | Hydrocharitoideae | — | Egeria | waterweed | 1 |
| alismatid monocots | Alismatales | Hydrocharitaceae | Hydrocharitoideae | — | Hydrocharis | frogbit | 1 |
| alismatid monocots | Alismatales | Hydrocharitaceae | Hydrocharitoideae | — | Limnobium | spongeplant | 1 |
| alismatid monocots | Alismatales | Hydrocharitaceae | Anacharidoideae | — | Elodea | waterweed | 3 |
| alismatid monocots | Alismatales | Hydrocharitaceae | Hydrilloideae | — | Najas | waternymph, naiad | 8 |
| alismatid monocots | Alismatales | Hydrocharitaceae | Hydrilloideae | — | Hydrilla | water-thyme | 1 |
| alismatid monocots | Alismatales | Hydrocharitaceae | Hydrilloideae | — | Vallisneria | eelgrass | 1 |
| alismatid monocots | Alismatales | Butomaceae | — | — | Butomus | flowering rush | 1 |
| alismatid monocots | Alismatales | Alismataceae | — | — | Sagittaria | arrowhead | 9 |
| alismatid monocots | Alismatales | Alismataceae | — | — | Alisma | water-plantiain | 12 |
| alismatid monocots | Alismatales | Alismataceae | — | — | Helanthium | burhead | 1 |
| alismatid monocots | Alismatales | Scheuchzeriaceae | — | — | Scheuchzeria | rannoch-rush | 1 |
| alismatid monocots | Alismatales | Juncaginaceae | Juncaginoideae | — | Triglochin | arrowgrass | 2 |
| alismatid monocots | Alismatales | Ruppiaceae | — | — | Ruppia | ditch-grass | 1 |
| alismatid monocots | Alismatales | Zosteraceae | — | — | Zostera | eelgrass | 1 |
| alismatid monocots | Alismatales | Potamogetonaceae | — | Potamogetoneae | Potamogeton | pondweed | 36 |
| alismatid monocots | Alismatales | Potamogetonaceae | — | Potamogetoneae | Stuckenia | fineleaf pondweed | 2 |
| alismatid monocots | Alismatales | Potamogetonaceae | — | Zannichellieae | Zannichellia | horned pondweed | 1 |

# Order Acorales

* The order Acorales consists of only the Acoraceae (sweetflag family), with Acorus as its only genus.
* ↑ P. F. Stevens, (2001 onwards). "Acorales," Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 13, September 28, 2013 (and more or less continuously updated since). http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/Acoralesweb.htm#Acorales.

## Family Acoraceae
### Acorus

* Acorus calamus
Acorales — Acoraceae — Acorus :
| Genus Acorus | Sweetflag | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Acorus americanus (Raf.) Raf.1828. Acorus calamus  var. americanus  Raf.  in… 1836. Acorus americanus  (Raf.) Raf. in… 1954. Acorus calamus  var. americanus  H.Wulff | American sweet-flag, American sweetflag, Several-veined sweetflag, SweetflagAcore d'Amérique, Acorus d'Amérique, Belle-angélique | Native, CoC: 5, Secure, Fertile diploid  (2n = 2x = 24) OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, Sun | | NYFA: 5 NYFA: 14 counties iNat 5 counties | USDA-N POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Acorus calamus L.1753. Acorus calamus  L. in… 1764. Calamus aromaticus  Garsault in… 1840. Acorus angustatus  Raf. in… | Old World sweet-flag, European sweetflag, Single-veined sweetflag, Flag-root, Myrtle flagAcore roseau, Acorus roseau, Acore aromatique, Belle-angélique | Introduced from  Asia, Sterile triploid  (2n = 3x = 36) OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, Sun | | NYFA: X iNat | USDA-X POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |

# Order Alismatales

* The order Alismatales as defined in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website.
* ↑ P. F. Stevens, (2001 onwards). "Alismatales," Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 13, September 28, 2013 (and more or less continuously updated since). http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/Alismatalesweb.htm#Alismatales.

## Family Araceae

* The plants of the Araceae (arum family) have numerous small flowers that are part of a spadix, a spike inflorescence on which the flowers are borne on a fleshy stem. The spadix is usually surrounded by a bract called a spathe.

### Subfamily Orontioideae

* The Orontioideae contains just two New York species, both native: Orontium aquaticum (golden club) and Symplocarpus foetidus (eastern skunk cabbage). This subfamily also includes the genus Lysichiton which comprises the western and Asian skunk cabbages, neither of which are know to have naturalized in New York.

#### Orontium

* Orontium aquaticum golden clubOrontium aquaticum (golden club), the only living species of its grenus, probably reaches the northern extent of its range in New York and adjacent New England. It is considered to be threatened in New York, where it is mostly found in Hudson River tidal marshes but has been reported in acidic bogs and ponds farther inland.
Alismatales — Araceae — Orontioideae — Orontieae :
| Genus Orontium | Goldenclub | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Orontium aquaticum L.1753. Orontium aquaticum  L. 1895. Aronia aquatica  (L.) Baill. | Golden club | Native, CoC: 9, Threatened, NYNHP: 2 OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, Part shade | | NYFA: 2 | USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Orontium aquaticum. Threatened, S2/G5. ||||||

#### Symplocarpus

* Symplocarpus foetidus skunk cabbageSkunk cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus) is the only North American native of the genus. The western skunk cabbage is in the genus Lysichiton and has not been reported to have naturalized in New York.
Alismatales — Araceae — Orontioideae — Symplocarpeae :
| Genus Symplocarpus | Skunk-cabbage | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex W.P.C.Barton1753. Dracontium foetidum  L. 1808. Spathyema foetida  (L.) Raf. nom. inval. 1812. Symplocarpus foetidus  (L.) W.Salisb. 1817. Symplocarpus foetidus  (L.) Salisb. ex W.P.C.Barton 1818. Symplocarpus foetidus  Nutt. | Skunk cabbage, PolecatweedChou puant, Tabac-du-diable | Native, CoC: 5, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, Shade | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies |

### Subfamily Lemnoideae

* Duckweeds: • Spirodela polyrhiza (large), • Lemna minor (medium), • Wolffia arrhiza (small).The Lemnoideae contains the small aquatic plants known as duckweeds, or water lentils. This subfamily contains plants previously placed in the Lemnaceae.

#### Spirodela

* Spirodela polyrrhiza - common duck-meatCommon duck-meat (Spirodela polyrrhiza)
Alismatales — Araceae — Lemnoideae — Spirodela :
| Genus Spirodela | Duckmeat | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Spirodela polyrrhiza (L.) Schleid.1753. Lemna polyrhiza  L. 1839. Spirodela polyrhiza  Schleid. 1839. Spirodela polyrrhiza  Schleid. | Common water-flaxseed, Common duck-meal, Common duck-meat, Greater duckweed, Giant duckweedSpirodèle polyrhize | Native, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ "The initial ρ of a Greek word transliterated as rh, e.g. rhiza (ριζα, root, rhizome), should have an additional r added to it when preceded by a vowel, e.g. Glycyrrhiza (γλυκυρριζα, liquorice, from γλυκος, sweet, ριζα, root), leptorrhiza (λεπτορριζα, with a thin root, from λεπτος, small, slender), but as many reputable authors, Linnaeus among them, have omitted this additional r, it is best regarded as optional and an author's original spelling, as in Lemna polyrhiza, should be accepted." - W. T. Stearn (1992), Botanical Latin ed. 4: 261. ||||||

#### Lemna

Alismatales — Araceae — Lemnoideae — Lemna :
| Genus Lemna | Duckweed | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Lemna minor L.1753. Lemna minor  L. 1771. Lenticula minor  (L.) Scop. 1816. Lemna minima  Thuill. ex P.Beauv. 1901. Hydrophace minor  (L.) Bubani | Lesser duckweed | Native, CoC: 2, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Lemna trisulca L.1753. Lemna trisulca  L. | Star duckweed | Native, CoC: 4, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Lemna perpusilla Torr.1843. Lemna perpusilla  Torr. | Minute duckweed | Native, CoC: 4, Endangered, NYNHP: 1 | | NYFA: 1 | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Lemna valdiviana Phil.1864. Lemna valdiviana  Phil. | Pale duckweed, Valdivia duckweed | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, NYNHP: 1 | | NYFA: 1 | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Lemna turionifera Landolt1975. Lemna turionifera  Landolt | Turion duckweed, Lenticulare turionifère | Native, CoC: 4, Unranked OBL | | NYFA: U | USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Lemna (excluded species) | Duckweed | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Lemna gibba L.1753. Lemna gibba L. | Swollen duckweed | N. America native, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies |
| Lemna obscura (Austin) Daubs1965. Lemna obscura  (Austin) Daubs 1867. Lemna minor  var. obscura  Austin | Little duckweed | N. America native, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Lemna perpusilla. Endangered, S1/G5. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Lemna valdiviana. Endangered, S1/G5. ||||||

#### Wolffia

* Wolffia columbiana - Columbian watermealThe genus Wolffia (watermeal) contains the world's smallest flowering plants, each an undifferentiated, rootless floating body. These species are often found in mixed populations in still ponds, lakes, and marshes in various parts of the state.
Alismatales — Araceae — Lemnoideae — Wolffia :
| Genus Wolffia Horkel ex Schleiden | Watermeal | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Wolffia columbiana H.Karst.1865. Wolffia columbiana  H.Karst 1892. Grantia columbiana  (H.Karst.) MacMill. 1912. Bruniera columbiana  (H.Karst.) Nieuwl. | Columbian watermeal, Columbia watermeal, Columbian duckmealWolffie de Colombie | Native, Secure | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN Images Wikispecies |
| Wolffia borealis (Engelm. ex Hegelm.) Landolt1868. Wolffia brasiliensis  var. borealis  Engelm. ex Hegelm. 1986. Wolffia borealis  (Engelm. ex Hegelm.) Landolt | Dotted watermeal, Northern watermeal, Northern duckmealWolffie borèle | Native, Likely secure | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Wolffia brasiliensis Wedd.1849. Wolffia brasiliensis  Wedd. ????. Bruniera punctata 1864. Wolffia punctata Griseb. ????. Wolffia papulifera | Brazilian watermeal | Native, Likely secure | NYFA: 4 | USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies |

### Subfamily Aroideae
#### Tribe Calleae
##### Calla

* Calla palustris - water arumCalla palustris is the sole species of the genus and is native to cool wetlands of the Northern Hemisphere, including those in New York State.
Alismatales — Araceae — Aroideae — Calleae :
| Genus Calla | Callalily | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Calla palustris L.1753. Calla palustris  L. | Wild calla, Water arumCalla des marais | Native, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies |

#### Tribe Peltandreae
##### Peltandra

* Peltandra virginicaThe genus Peltandra in New York contains the green arrow arum or tuckahoe (Peltandra virginica)
Alismatales — Araceae — Aroideae — Peltandreae :
| Genus Peltandra | Arrow-arum | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Peltandra virginica (L.) Raf. ex Schott1832. Peltandra virginica  (L.) Raf. ex Schott | Green arrow arum, Green arrow-arum, Arrow arum, Poison arum, Tuckahoe | Native, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies |

#### Tribe Arisaemateae

* The Arisaemateae includes two genera that can be found in New York: Arisaema and Pinellia. These include the plants known as Jack-in-the-pulpit and green dragon.

##### Arisaema

* Arisaema triphyllum. Jack-in-the-pulpitTwo species of Arisaema are native to New York: A. triphyllum (Jack-in-the-Pulpit) and A. dracontium (Green dragon).
* Three subspecies of Jack-in-the-Pulpit have been reported in New York. A. triphyllum ssp. triphyllum, a tetraploid with 2n:56 chromosomes, likely originated as a hybrid of subspecies stewardsonii and pusillum, each of which is a diploid with 2n:28 chromosomes.
* ↑ M. Treiber (1980). "Biosystematics of the Arisaema triphyllum Complex." PhD Dissertation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
Alismatales — Araceae — Aroideae — Arisaemateae — Arisaema :
| Genus Arisaema Mart. sect. Pedatisecta | Jack-in-the-pulpit | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott ssp. triphyllum1753. Arum triphyllum L. 1832. Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott 1835. Arisaema atrorubens (Aiton) Blume | Common Jack-in-the-pulpit Indian Jack-in-the-pulpit Indian-turnip Arisème petit-prêcheur | Native, Secure FAC | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-N Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott ssp. stewardsonii (Britton) Huttl.1901. Arisaema stewardsonii Britton 1910. Arisaema triphyllum  var. stewardsonii  Stevens 1920. Arisaema triphyllum  f. stewardsonii  Engl. 1949. Arisaema triphyllum  ssp. stewardsonii  Huttl. | Stewardson's Jack-in-the-pulpit Swamp Jack-in-the-pulpit Arisème de Stewardson Arisèma de Stewardson | Native, Secure FAC | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-N VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott ssp. pusillum (Peck) Huttl.1898. Arisaema triphyllum  var. pusillum  Peck 1901. Arisaema pusillum  (Peck) Nash 1903. Arisaema acuminatum  Small 1921. Arisaema triphyllum  var. acuminatum  Engl. 1940. Arisaema triphyllum  f. pusillum  Fernald 1949. Arisaema triphyllum  ssp. pusillum  Huttl. | Small jack-in-the-pulpit, Peck's jack-in-the-pulpitArisème nain | Native, Vulnerable | | NYFA: 3 | USDA-N VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Arisaema triphyllum  Arisaema triphyllum ssp. stewardsonii ×   Arisaema triphyllum ssp. triphyllum | Hybrid of  Swamp Jack-in-the-pulpit &  Common Jack-in-the-pulpit | Native, Unknown FAC | | NYFA: U | Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Arisaema Mart. sect. Tortuosa | Green-dragon | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schott1753. Arum dracontium L.1832. Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schott1903. Muricauda dracontium (L.) Small | Green dragon, Dragon root, Dragon arumArisème dragon, Arisèma dragon | Native, Likely secure | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| 1 2 Susanne S. Renner, Li-Bing Zhang & Jin Murata (2004) "A chloroplast phylogeny of Arisaema (Araceae) illustrates Tertiary floristic links between Asia, North America, and East Africa." American Journal of Botany 91(6): 881-888. ||||||

##### Pinellia

* Pinellia ternataPinellia ternata (crowdipper) is being tracked as a potentially invasive plant in New York and New Jersey.
* ↑ New York Species Record for Pinellia ternata (crowdipper) in iMapInvasives, updated 8/8/2016
Alismatales — Araceae — Aroideae — Arisaemateae — Pinellia :
| Genus Pinellia | Pinellia | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Makino1784. Arum ternatum  Thunb. 1837. Alocasia ternata  (Thunb.) Raf. 1837. Atherurus ternatus  (Thunb.) Blume 1901. Pinellia ternata  (Thunb.) Makino | Crowdipper, Asian green dragon | Introduced from  eastern Asia, Potentially invasive,  NYIS Tier: Untiered,  iMapInvasives,  Invasive.org: ,  USGS: L48 not listed, Unknown naturalization, SNA Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: X NYFA: Kings County iNat GBIF 3 counties | Images Wikispecies |

#### Tribe Pistieae
##### Pistia

* Pistia stratiotesWater lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) is now listed with an Ecological Invasiveness rank of Very High and placed in New York State Tier 2.
* ↑ New York State Invasive Species Tiers, Water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes).
Alismatales — Araceae — Aroideae — Pistieae :
| Genus Pistia | Water-lettuce | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Pistia stratiotes L.1753. Pistia stratiotes  L. 1803. Pistia spathulata  Michx. 1878. Pistia stratiotes  var. spathulata  Engl. | Water-lettuce, Tropical duckweed, Nile cabbageLaitue d'eau | Introduced from  US South,  South America,  Africa, Very highly invasive,  NYIS: 62%, Impersistent | | NYFA: 2 counties iMap: 3 counties iNat: 5 counties NYFA: X | USDA-N0 Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Pistia stratiotes: Not Assessable (62). ||||||

#### Tribe Colocasieae
##### Colocasia

* Colocasia esculenta
Alismatales — Araceae — Aroideae — Colocasieae — Colocasia :
| Genus Colocasia | Taro | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott1753. Arum esculentum  L. 1801. Caladium esculentum  (L.) Vent. 1832. Colocasia esculenta  (L.) Schott 1832. Colocasia esculenta  var. esculenta   1832. Colocasia antiquorum  Schott 1856. Colocasia antiquorum  var. esculenta  (L.) Schott | Coco yam ⓘ | Introduced, Highly invasive | | NYFA-Excluded NYFA: Not listed xx counties | Images Wikispecies |

## Family Tofieldiaceae
### Triantha

Alismatales — Tofieldiaceae :
| Genus Triantha | Tofieldia | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Triantha glutinosa (Michx.) Baker1803. Narthecium glutinosum  Michx. 1879. Triantha glutinosa  (Michx.) Baker | Sticky false-asphodel | Native, Endangered | | NYFA: 1 | USDA-NN Go Botany LBJ Images Wikispecies |

## Family Alismataceae

The Alismataceae (water-plantain family) has about a dozen documented taxa in three genera growing outside of cultivation in New York.

### Sagittaria

* Sagittaria latifolia broad-leaved arrowhead
Alismatales — Alismataceae — Sagittaria :
| Genus Sagittaria | Arrowhead | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Sagittaria latifolia | Broad-leaved arrowhead, Wapato, Common arrowhead, Duck-potato | Native, CoC: 3, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: 5 | USDA-N Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Sagittaria rigida | Sessile-fruited arrowhead | Native, CoC: 6, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: 5 | USDA-N Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Sagittaria graminea ssp. graminea | Grass-leaved arrowhead | Native, CoC: 8, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: 5 | USDA-N Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Sagittaria cuneata | Northern arrowhead, Wapato, Wapatum arrowhead | Native, CoC: 6, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Sagittaria engelmanniana | Acid-water arrowhead, Engelmann arrowhead | Native, CoC: 9, Likely secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: 4 | USDA-N Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Sagittaria subulata | Strap-leaved arrowhead | Native, CoC: 7, Rare OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: 3 | USDA-N Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Sagittaria montevidensis ssp. spongiosaLophotocarpus spathulatus Lophotocarpus spongiosus Sagittaria spathulata Sagittaria calycina var spongiosa | Spongy-leaved arrowhead, Tidal arrowhead, Spongy arrowhead, Hooded arrowhead | Native, CoC: 7, Threatened OBL Annual, Herb-forb | NYFA: 2 | USDA-N Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Sagittaria teres | Slender arrowhead, Quill-leaved sagittaria | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: 1 | USDA-N Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Sagittaria australis (J.G.Sm.) Small1897. Sagittaria longirostra  var. australis  J.G.Sm. 1903. Sagittaria australis  (J.G.Sm.) Small  auct. Sagittaria engelmanniana  ssp. longirostra  non Micheli 1955  auct. Sagittaria longirostra  non J.G.Sm. | Longbeak arrowhead, Appalachian arrowhead | N. America native, N.Y. excluded | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-N Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

### Alisma

* Alisma subcordatumThree species of water-plantains (genus Alisma) have been reported in New York State.
Alismatales — Alismataceae — Alisma :
| Genus Alisma | Water-plantain | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Alisma subcordatum Raf.1808. Alisma subcordatum Raf. in Med. Repos., ser. 2, 5:362 1813. Alisma parviflorum Pursh in Fl. Amer. Sept. 1:252 1824. Alisma plantago-aquatica var. parviflorum (Pursh) Torr. in Fl. N. Middle United States 1840. Alisma montanum Raf. in Autik. Bot.:62 1962. Alisma plantago-aquatica ssp. subcordatum (Raf.) Hultén in Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. | American water-plantain Southern water-plantain Broad-leaved water-plantain Small water-plantainAlisma subcordé | Native, CoC: 4, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: 24 counties iNat: 16 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-N COL WFO POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Alisma triviale Pursh1808. Alisma roseum Raf. in Med. Repos., nom. nud. 1813. Alisma triviale Pursh in Fl. Amer. Sept. 1:252 1817. Alisma odoratum Raf. in Fl. Ludov.:17 1830. Alisma plantago-aquatica var. americanum Schult. & Schult.f. 1888. Alisma plantago-aquatica var. triviale (Pursh) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. 1900. Alisma brevipes Greene in Pittonia 4:158 1908. Alisma superbum Lunell in Bull. Leeds Herb. 2:5 1908. Alisma superbum var. angustissimum Lunell in Bull. Leeds Herb. 2:5 1908. Alisma superbum var. lanceolatum Lunell in Bull. Leeds Herb. 2:5 1914. Alisma subcordatum var. superbum (Lunell) Lunell in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 1932. Alisma plantago-aquatica ssp. brevipes (Greene) Sam. in Ark. Bot. 24A(7):19 1935. Alisma plantago-aquatica var. brevipes (Greene) Vict. in Fl. Laurent.:615 | Northern water-plantainAlisma commun | Native, CoC: 4, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: 13 counties iNat: 13 counties GBIF: present in NY | USDA-N COL WFO POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Alisma gramineum Lej.1811. Alisma gramineum Lej. in Fl. Spa 1:175 1827. Alisma plantago-aquatica var. gramineum (Lej.) Dumort. in Fl. Belg.:135 1843. Alisma geyeri Torr. in I.N.Nicollet, Rep.Hydrogr.Mississippi:162 1851. Alisma plantago-aquatica var. graminifolium Lange in Haandb.Danske Fl., nom. illeg. 1903. Alisma graminifolium Glück in Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 73:33 1957. Alisma gramineum var. angustissimum (DC.) Hendricks in Amer. Midl. Naturalist | Narrow-leaved water-plantain Grass-leaved water-plantain Ribbon-leaf water-plantainAlisma graminoide | Native, CoC: 7, Threatened, S4, G5 OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, 2n=14 | NYFA: 2-3 | USDA-N COL WFO POWO Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |

### Helanthium

* Helanthium tenellumThe species Helanthium tenellum (Mart. ex Schult.f.) J.G.Sm. (mud-babies or dwarf burhead) is not known to persist New York State, though specimens were collected from Queens County in 1921.
Alismatales — Alismataceae — Helanthium :
| Genus Helanthium | Burhead | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Helanthium tenellum (Mart. ex Schult.f.) Britton1830. Alisma tenellum Mart. ex Schult.f. in J.J.Roemer & J.A.Schultes, Syst. Veg. 1833. Alisma ranunculoides var. brasiliense A.St.-Hil. in Voy. Distr. Diam. 2:432 1856. Echinodorus subulatus Engelm. in A.Gray, Manual, ed. 2:438 1856. Echinodorus parvulus Engelm. in A.Gray, Manual, ed. 2:439 1868. Echinodorus tenellus (Mart. ex Schult.f.) Buchenau in Index Crit. Butom. Alism. 1898. Sagittaria tenella (Mart. ex Schult.f.) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 326 1905. Helanthium tenellum (Mart. ex Schult.f.) J.G.Sm. in N.L.Britton 1909. Helanthium parvulum (Engelm.) Small in N.L.Britton & al. 1955. Echinodorus tenellus var. ecostatus Fassett in Rhodora 57:184 1955. Echinodorus tenellus var. parvulus (Engelm.) Fassett in Rhodora 57:185 1955. Echinodorus tenellus fo. randii Fassett in Rhodora 57:188 | Dwarf burhead Mud-babies Pygmy chain sword | Native, CoC: 10, Likely extirpated, SX, G5 OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: Queens (1921) iNat: No NY obs. GBIF: Not present in NY | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

## Family Butomaceae
### Butomus

* Butomus umbellatus flowering rushThe sole species of Butomaceae (the flowering rush family) is the aquatic Eurasian plant Butomus umbellatus, which is listed as moderately invasive in New York. Its first appearance in North America was in the St. Laurence River in 1897, and it is now a problem weed in the Great Lakes.
* Studies by L. C. Anderson in 1974 found that the naturalized North American Butomus populations had separate sources. Those east of Niagara Falls, introduced near the St. Lawernce River, originated in eastern Asia. Those west of the Falls were introduced near Detroit, and were from western Euraasia. R. L. Stuckey, in 1994, recognized these two groups as separate species, with B. umbellatus, from western Eurasia, found west of the Falls, and B. junceus, from eastern Asia, found east of the falls. B. junceus is not widely accepted as a separate species at this time, but if it were to be accepted, New York's populations would probably be considered to be B. junceus.
* ↑ Go Botany - New England Wild Flower Society
* ↑ Flora of North America, www.eFloras.org
* ↑ Weldy, Troy, David Werier, and Andrew Nelson (2014) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.
* ↑ Cao, L., L. Berent, and A. Fusaro (2014). Butomus umbellatus. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL.
Alismatales — Butomaceae — Butomus :
| Genus Butomus | Flowering rush | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Butomus umbellatus L.1753. Butomus umbellatus L.1837. Butomus junceus Turcz. | Flowering rush, Water gladiolus, Grass rushButome à ombelle, Jonc fleuri | Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa, Moderately invasive,  NYIS: 64%,  USGS: L48 invasive, NE-1 | | NYFA: X GBIF | USDA-X Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP IPN Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Butomus umbellatus: Moderate (64). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY. ↑ Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ||||||

## Family Hydrocharitaceae

The Hydrocharitaceae (tape-grass family) ...

### Subfamily Hydrocharitoideae
#### Hydrocharis

* Hydrocharis morsus-ranaeEuropean frog-bit (Hydrocharis morsus-ranae) is a recent invader of northern New York State, often occurring with Phragmites australis.
Alismatales — Hydrocharitaceae — Hydrocharitoideae — Hydrocharis :
| Genus Hydrocharis | Frog-bit | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L.1753. Hydrocharis Morsus ranae L.1827. Pontederia dubia Blume1925. H. dubia (Blume) Backer | Common frogbit, European frog-bit, Frog's bitHydrocharide grenouillette, Grenouillette, Morène, Petit nénuphar | Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa, Very highly invasive,  NYIS: 86%, Prohibited | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP IPN Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Hydrocharis morsus-ranae: Very high (86). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species ||||||

#### Egeria

Alismatales — Hydrocharitaceae — Hydrocharitoideae — Egeria :
| Genus Egeria | Waterweed | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Egeria densa Planch.1849. Egeria densa Planch.1857. Elodea densa Casp.1931. Anacharis densa Vict.1933. Philotria densa Small | Brazilian waterweed, Brazilian elodea, South American waterweed | Introduced from  Brazil, Highly invasive,  NYIS: 75%, Prohibited, NE-2 | | NYFA: X | USDA-XW Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Egeria densa: High (75). ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species ↑ Category 2 Plants - moderately invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ||||||

#### Limnobium

* Limnobium spongia
Alismatales — Hydrocharitaceae — Hydrocharitoideae — Limnobium :
| Genus Limnobium Rich. 1814 | Spongeplant | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Limnobium spongia (Bosc) Rich. ex Steud.1807. Hydrocharis spongia Bosc1814. Limnobium spongia Rich.1818. Hydrocharis cordifolia Nutt.1840. Limnobium spongia Steud. | American frogbit, American spongeplant | Introduced, US South native, Impersistent | | NYFA: X | USDA-N0 Go Botany-0 ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

### Subfamily Stratiotoideae
#### Stratiotes

* Stratiotes aloidesAlthough not yet found in New York, Stratiotes aloides (water soldiers) have been discovered on the Trent River in Ontario and the Ottawa River in Quebec.
* ↑ iNaturalist (2021). Stratiotes aloides (Water-Soldier)
* ↑ Fusaro, A., A. Davidson, K. Alame, M. Gappy, E. Baker, G. Nunez, J. Larson, W. Conard, and P. Alsip, 2021, Stratiotes aloides L.: U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL, and NOAA Great Lakes Aquatic Nonindigenous Species Information System, Ann Arbor, MI, Revision Date: 5/11/2017, Access Date: 9/14/2021
Alismatales — Hydrocharitaceae — Stratiotoideae — Stratiotes :
| Genus Stratiotes | Water-aloe | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | 0 NPT |
| Stratiotes aloides L.1753. Stratiotes aloides L. | Water-soldiers, Water-aloeStratiote faux-aloès, Faux-aloès, Aloès d'eau | Introduced from  Eurasia, Highly invasive,  NYIS: Not ranked, NYS Tier 1a | | no reports iNat | USDA-00 VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies Note: CA |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Stratiotes aloides: Listed but not ranked (No reports outside of cultivation in New York). ||||||

### Subfamily Anacharidoideae
#### Elodea

Alismatales — Hydrocharitaceae — Anacharidoideae — Elodea :
| Genus Elodea | Waterweed | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Elodea canadensis L.Rich. ex Michx. | Canadian waterweed, Common waterweed, Broad waterweed | Native, Secure | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |
| Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) St. John | Nuttall's waterweed | Native, Secure | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |
| Elodea bifoliata H.St.John    E. longivaginata H.St.John    E. nevadensis (Planch.) H,St.John | Twoleaf waterweed, Two-leaved waterweed, Long-sheath waterweed | Introduced, Western native | NYFA: X | USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |

#### Lagarosiphon

* Lagarosiphon major flowers on Salagou Lake, FranceAfrican oxygen weed or African elodea (Lagarosiphon major) is listed on the Federal Noxious Weed list and on the Michigan prohibited aquatic plant list. The New York State rank is High.
* ↑ The Midwest Invasive Species Information Network (MISIN) (2021). African oxygen weed (Lagarosiphon major).
* ↑ New York State Invasive Species Tiers: African elodea (Lagarosiphon major), Ecological Rank High, NYS Tier 1b, Capitol Region 1c, 2021 New York Natural Heritage Program.
Alismatales — Hydrocharitaceae — Anacharidoideae — Lagarosiphon :
| Genus Lagarosiphon | Oxygen weed | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Lagarosiphon major (Ridl.) Moss | African oxygen weed, African elodea | Introduced, Highly invasive | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-X? Images Wikispecies |

### Subfamily Hydrilloideae
#### Najas

Alismatales — Hydrocharitaceae — Najadoideae — Najadeae — Najas :
| Genus Najas | Waternymph / Naiad | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Najas flexilis (Willd.) Rostk. & W.L.E.Schmidt1798. Caulinia flexilis Willd.1803. Najas canadensis Michx.1824. N. flexilis Rostk. & W.L.E.Schmidt1942. N. flexilisssp. caespitosus1975. N. caespitosus (Maguire) Reveal | Slender naiad, Slender naias, Slender water-nymph, Nodding water-nymph, Bushy naiad, Northern water-nymph, Wavy waternymph | Native, Secure | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA NatureServe Images Wikispecies |
| Najas gracillima (A.Braun ex Engelm.) Magnus1867. Najas indica var. gracillima1870. Najas gracillima Magnus | Thread-like naiad, Thread-like water-nymph, Slender waternymph | Native, Likely secure | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Najas guadalupensis (Spreng.) Magnusssp. guadalupensis1825. Caulinia guadalupensis Spreng.1870. Najas guadalupensis Magnus | Southern water-nymph, Southern naiad | Native, Secure | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Najas guadalupensis (Spreng.) Magnusssp. muenscheri(R.T.Clausen) R.R.Haynes & Hellq.1937. Najas muenscheri R.T.Clausen1979. N.g.var. muenscheri1996. N.g.ssp. muenscheri | Hudson River water-nymph, Muenscher's water-nymph, Mermaid weed | Native, Endangered, NYNHP: 1 Endemic | NYFA: 1E | USDA-N0 ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Najas guadalupensis (Spreng.) Magnusssp. olivacea(Rosend. & Butters) R.R.Haynes & Hellq.1935. N. olivacea Rosend.& Butters1979. N. guadalupensisvar. olivacea1996. N. guadalupensisssp. olivacea | Guadalupe water-nymph, Southern naiad | Native, Endangered | NYFA: 1 | USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Najas marina L.1753. Najas marina L.1893. Najas gracilis Morong1903. Najas gracilis Small | Spiny water-nymph, Spiny naiad, Holly-leaved naiad, Prickly waternymph | Native, Endangered | NYFA: 1 | USDA-NN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Najas minor All.1773. Najas minor All.1807. Fluvialis minor Pers.1808. Ittnera minor C.C.Gmel.1845. Caulinia minor Coss. & Germ. | Brittle water-nymph | Introduced from  Eurasia,  n. Africa, Moderately invasive, NYS Tier 5, | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ The Hudson River water-nymph is endemic to the lower Hudson River (from the Mohawk River to Piermont), one of the few New York endemic taxa. New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Najas guadalupensis ssp. muenscheri. Endangered, S1/G5T1. ↑ New York State Invasive Species Tiers: Najas minor (brittle naiad) - NYS Tier 5 ↑ Najas minor is prohibited in Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire. 2021 Native Plant Trust, Go Botany. ||||||

#### Hydrilla

* Hydrilla verticillataThe genus Hydrilla is usually considered to contain the single species Hydrilla verticillata, which is commonly known simply as hydrilla. It's a Eurasian aquatic plant commonly used in aquariums and was probably first released in North America in the 1950s but not found in New York State until 2008, when it was discovered in Orange and Suffolk Counties.
* More recently, hydrilla has been discovered in and around Cayuga Lake, Tonawanda Creek near Buffalo, Susquehanna River near Binghamton and elsewhere. By 2021, iMapInvasives showed hydrilla in at least 12 New York counties.
* ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (2021). "Hydrilla."
* ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (2020). Hydrilla Fact Sheet.
* ↑ New York State Invasive Species Tiers: Hydrilla verticillata. 2021 New York Natural Heritage Program.
Alismatales — Hydrocharitaceae — Najadoideae — Najadeae — Hydrilla :
| Genus Hydrilla | Water-thyme | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle1782. Serpicula verticillata L.f.1824. Udora verticillata Spreng.1839. Hydrilla verticillata Royle1888. Elodea verticillata F.Muell. | Hydrilla, Florida elodea, Waterthyme, Water-thyme, Esthwaite waterweed | Introduced from  Eurasia, Africa,  Australia, Very highly invasive,  NYIS: 91%, NYS Tier 2, Discovered 2008. | | NYFA: Orange, Westchester iMap: ≥ 12 counties NYFA: X1 | USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Hydrilla verticillata: Very high (91). ↑ New York State Invasive Species Tiers: Hydrilla verticillata. 2021 New York Natural Heritage Program. ↑ Three large infestations of Hydrilla were discovered in Orange and Suffolk Counties in 2008. ||||||

#### Vallisneria

Alismatales — Hydrocharitaceae — Najadoideae — Vallisnerieae :
| Genus Vallisneria | Eelgrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Vallisneria americana Michx. | Eel-grass, Tape-grass, Water-celery, Wild-celery | Native, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |

## Family Scheuchzeriaceae

The monotypic Scheuchzeriaceae (scheuchzeria family)

### Scheuchzeria

Alismatales — Scheuchzeriaceae — Scheuchzeria :
| Genus Scheuchzeria | Rannoch-rush | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Scheuchzeria palustris L.    S. americana (Fernald) G.N.Jones    S. palustrisvar. americana Fernald | American scheuchzeria, Rannoch-rush | Native, Vulnerable | | NYFA: 3 | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |

## Family Juncaginaceae

The Juncaginaceae (arrowgrass family)

### Triglochin

Alismatales — Juncaginaceae — Triglochin :
| Genus Triglochin | Arrowgrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Triglochin maritima L. | Seaside arrowgrass | Native, Likely secure | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |
| Triglochin palustris L. | Slender bog arrow-grass | Native, Threatened | | NYFA: 2 | USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |

## Family Ruppiaceae

The Ruppiaceae (ditch-grass family)

### Ruppia

* Ruppia maritima ditch-grass
Alismatales — Ruppiaceae — Ruppia :
| Genus Ruppia | Widgeonweed | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Ruppia maritima L.1753. Ruppia maritima L.1915. Buccaferrea maritima Lunell | Ditch-grass, Beaked ditchgrass, Widgeongrass, Sea ditchgrass, Tassel pondweedRuppie maritime, Persil d'eau | Native, Vulnerable OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 3-4 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |

## Family Zosteraceae

The Zosteraceae (eelgrass family)

### Zostera

Alismatales — Zosteraceae — Zostera :
| Genus Zostera | Eelgrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Zostera marina L. (1753)Zostera pacifica L. | Eelgrass, Seawrack, Zostére marine | Native, Vulnerable | | NYFA: 3 | USDA-NN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies |

## Family Potamogetonaceae

The Potamogetonaceae (pond-weed family)

### Tribe Potamogetoneae
#### Potamogeton

* The Potamogeton (pondweed) subdivisions used here are from Lindqvist et al. (2006). Chromosome numbers are from Kaplan et al. (2013).
* ↑ Lindqvist, C., De Laet, J., Haynes, R. R., Aagesen, L., Keener, B. R. and Albert, V. A. (2006), Molecular phylogenetics of an aquatic plant lineage, Potamogetonaceae. Cladistics, 22: 568–588. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2006.00124.x
* ↑ Zdeněk Kaplan, Vlasta Jarolímová & Judith Fehrer (2013). "Revision of chromosome numbers of Potamogetonaceae: a new basis for taxonomic and evolutionary implications." Preslia 85:421–482, 2013.

##### Potamogeton clade 1A

* Potamogeton crispus curly-leaved pondweed
Alismatales — Potamogetonaceae — Potamogeton — clade 1A :
| Genus Potamogeton clade 1A | Pondweed | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Potamogeton robbinsii Oakes | Robbins' pondweed, Flat-leaved pondweed, Fern pondweedPotamot de Robbins | Native, Secure, 2n = 52 | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Potamogeton crispus L.1753. Potamogeton crispus  L. | Curly pondweed, Curled pondweedPotamot crepu | Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa,  Australia, Very highly invasive,  NYIS: 80%, NE-1 Note, 2n = 52 | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Potamogeton crispus: Very high (80). ↑ Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ↑ The exotic invasive Potamogeton crispus is easily recognized by being the only species in North America with serrate leaves (Flora of North America). ||||||

##### Potamogeton clade 1B

* Potamogeton natans
Alismatales — Potamogetonaceae — Potamogeton — clade 1B :
| Genus Potamogeton clade 1B | Pondweed | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Potamogeton natans L. | Floating pondweed, Floating-leaved pondweed | Native, CoC: 4, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, 2n = 52 | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Potamogeton nodosus Poir.1816. Potamogeton nodosus Poir. 1848. P. lonchites Tuck. 1893. P. americanus  var. novaeboracensis  (Morong) A. Benn. ex Fassett 1893. P. lonchites  var. novaeboracensis  Morong | Long-leaved pondweed | Native, CoC: 4, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, 2n = 52 | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Potamogeton perfoliatus L.1753. P. perfoliatus L. | Claspingleaf pondweed, Clasping-leaved pondweed, Clasped pondweed, Perfoliate pondweedPotamot perfolié | Native, CoC: 5, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, 2n = 52 | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Potamogeton richardsonii (A.Benn.) Rydb.1889. P. perfoliatus  var. richardsonii  A.Benn. 1905. P. richardsonii Rydb. 1941. P. perfoliatus  ssp. richardsonii  Hultén | Richardson's pondweed | Native, CoC: 6, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, 2n = 52 | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Potamogeton amplifolius Tuck. (1848) | Largeleaf pondweed, Large-leaved pondweed, Broad-leaved pondweedPotamot à grandes feuilles | Native, CoC: 7, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, 2n = 52 | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Potamogeton oakesianus J.W.Robbins | Oakes' pondweed | Native, CoC: 7, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, Chro. # unk. | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Potamogeton praelongus Wulfen | Whitestem pondweed, White-stemmed pondweedPotamot à longs pédoncules | Native, CoC: 7, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, 2n = 52 | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Potamogeton gramineus L. | Grassy pondweed | Native, CoC: 7, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, n = 26 | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Potamogeton illinoensis | Illinois pondweed | Native, CoC: 7, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, 2n = 104 | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Potamogeton × spathuliformis (J.W. Robbins) Morong (pro sp.)  Potamogeton gramineus ×   Potamogeton illinoensis | Hybrid pondweed | Native, Vulnerable OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, 2n = 78 | | NYFA: 3? | USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |
| Potamogeton × nitens  Potamogeton gramineus ×   Potamogeton perfoliatus | Hybrid pondweed | Native, Vulnerable OBL ?, Herb-forb, 2n = 52 | | NYFA: 3? | USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |
| Potamogeton × subdentatus Hagstr.  Potamogeton illinoensis ×   Potamogeton perfoliatus | Hybrid pondweed | Native, Unranked OBL ?, Herb-forb | | NYFA: U | USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies |
| Potamogeton alpinus Balbis | Alpine pondweed, Northern pondweed, Red pondweed | Native, CoC: 9, Threatened OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, 2n = 52 | | NYFA: 2 | USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Potamogeton pulcher Tuck. | Spotted pondweed | Native, CoC: 10, Threatened OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, chr. # unk. | | NYFA: 2 | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Potamogeton clade 1B (excluded species) | Pondweed | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Potamogeton lucens | Shining pondweed | Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa, N.Y. excluded OBL, 2n = 52 | | NYFA-Excluded | Images Wikispecies |
| Potamogeton × angustifolius  Potamogeton gramineus ×   Potamogeton lucens | Long-leaved pondweed | Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa, N.Y. excluded OBL, 2n = 52 | | NYFA-Excluded | Images Wikispecies |

##### Potamogeton clade 2A

Alismatales — Potamogetonaceae — Potamogeton — clade 2A :
| Genus Potamogeton clade 2A | Pondweed | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Potamogeton epihydrus Raf.1808. Potamogeton epihydrus Raf. 1827. P. nuttallii Cham. & Schltdl. 1894. P. nuttallii  var. ramosus  Peck 1924. P. epihydrus  var. ramosus  (Peck) House 1932. P. epihydrus  var. typicus  (Raf.) Fernald (i) 1932. P. epihydrus  var. nuttallii  (Cham. & Schltdl.) Fernald 1965. P. epihydrus  ssp. nuttallii  (Cham. & Schltdl.) Calder & Roy L.Taylor | Ribbon-leaved pondweed, Nuttall's pondweed | Native, CoC: 6, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, 2n = 26 | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

##### Potamogeton clade 2B

Alismatales — Potamogetonaceae — Potamogeton — clade 2B :
| Genus Potamogeton clade 2B | Pondweed | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Potamogeton spirillus Tuck.1817. P. dimorphus Raf. 1848. P. spirillus Tuck. | Spiral pondweed, Northern snailseed pondweedPotamot spirille | Native, CoC: 7, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, 2n = 28 | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Potamogeton bicupulatus Fernald1893. P. diversifolius var. trichophyllus Morong 1932. P. bicupulatus Fernald | Snailseed pondweed, Snail-seeded pondweed | Native, CoC: 8, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Potamogeton confervoides Rchb.1845. P. confervoides Rchb.    P. tuckermanii | Algae-like pondweed, Alga pondweed, Tuckerman’s pondweedPotamot confervoïde | Native, CoC: 9, Threatened OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: 3 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN Images Wikispecies |
| Potamogeton diversifolius Raf. (1808)    P. capillaceus Poir.    P. dimorphus Raf. | Water-thread pondweed | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, 2n = 28 | NYFA: 1 | USDA-N0 Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |

##### Potamogeton clade 2C

Alismatales — Potamogetonaceae — Potamogeton — clade 2C :
| Genus Potamogeton clade 2C | Pondweed | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Potamogeton foliosus Raf. ssp. foliosus | Leafy pondweed | Native, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Potamogeton pusillus L. | Small pondweed | Native, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Potamogeton berchtoldii Fieber    Potamogeton berchtoldii  Fieber     Potamogeton pusillus  var. tenuissimus  Mert. & W.D.J.Koch     Potamogeton pusillus  ssp. tenuissimus  (Mert. & W.D.J.Koch) Haynes & C.B.Hellquist | Berchtold’s pondweed | Native, CoC: 2, Secure, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 5 | Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Potamogeton vaseyi J.W.Robbins1867. Potamogeton vaseyi J.W.Robbins | Vasey's pondweed | Native, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Potamogeton zosteriformis Fernald auct. Potamogeton compressus non L. | Flat-stemmed pondweed, Flatstem pondweed | Native, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Potamogeton friesii | Fries' pondweed | Native, Likely secure | | NYFA: 4? | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Potamogeton obtusifolius Mert. & W.D.J. Koch | Blunt-leaved pondweed | Native, Likely secure | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Potamogeton hillii Morong | Hill's pondweed | Native, Threatened | | NYFA: 2 | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Potamogeton ogdenii Hellquist & Hilton | Ogden's pondweed | Native, Endangered | | NYFA: 1 | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Potamogeton strictifolius Benn. auct. P. rutilus non Wolfg. | Straight-leaved pondweed, Narrowleaf pondweed | Native, Endangered | | NYFA: 1 | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Potamogeton × haynesii Hellquist & Crow  Potamogeton strictifolius ×   Potamogeton zosteriformis | Hybrid pondweed | Native, Endangered | | NYFA: 1? | USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Potamogeton clade 2C (excluded species) | Pondweed | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Potamogeton compressus1753. P. compressus L. | Grass-wrack pondweed, Flatstem pondweed, Eelgrass pondweed | Introduced from  Eurasia, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | Kew WCSP Images Wikispecies |
| Potamogeton rutilus Wolfg.1827. P. rutilus Wolfg. | Shetland pondweed | Introduced from  Eurasia, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | Kew WCSP Images Wikispecies |

#### Stuckenia

Alismatales — Potamogetonaceae — Stuckenia :
| Genus Stuckenia | Pondweed | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Stuckenia pectinata (L.) Börner    Potamogeton pectinatus L.     Stuckenia pectinata (L.) Börner     Coleogeton pectinatum (L.) Les & R.R.Haynes | Sago pondweed | Native, CoC: 2, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |
| Stuckenia filiformis (Pers.) Börner | Thread-leaved pondweed, Fineleaf pondweed | Native, Endangered | | NYFA: 1 | USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Stuckenia (excluded species) | Pondweed | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Stuckenia vaginata (Turcz.) Holub1854. Potamogeton vaginatus Turcz. 1984. Stuckenia vaginata (Turcz.) Holub | Sheathed pondweed, Big sheathed pondweed, Large sheathed pondweedPotamot engainé | N. America native, Endangered | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-NN FNA Images Wikispecies |

### Tribe Zannichellieae
#### Zannichellia

Alismatales — Potamogetonaceae — Zannichellia :
| Genus Zannichellia | Horned pondweed | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Zannichellia palustris L.1753. Zannichellia palustris L. | Horned pondweed | Native, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies |