OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Traditional Chinese Medicine/Bao He Wan

The formula Bao He Wan, designed to promote digestion and harmonize the stomach, consists of the following:
| No. | Pinyin | Simplified Chinese | Grams |
| 1 | Shan Zha | 山楂 | 9 |
| 2 | Shen Qu | 神曲 | 9 |
| 3 | Lai Fu Zi | 莱菔子 | 6 |
| 4 | Chen Pi | 陈皮 | 6 |
| 5 | Ban Xia | 半夏 | 9 |
| 6 | Fu Ling | 茯苓 | 9 |
| 7 | Lian Qiao | 连翘 | 9 |
back to :
* Removing Stagnancy By Promoting Digestion And Eliminating Undigested Food
* Formula Design
* Prescriptions
# WebObjects/Web Applications/Deployment/FreeBSD
## Install Java

Follow the FreeBSD instructions to install the native Java. I (Ari Maniatis) am still using 1.4.2 on our deployment servers, but it is likely that 1.5.x will work fine.
This should also cause the javavmwrapper port to be installed. This makes it easy to switch between different Java VM versions.

## Install WebObjects

Install gtar (the FreeBSD tar doesn't seem to work for me):
Mount the WebObjects CD at /mnt/cdrom and then:
To find your license key, look in your developer installation and find it at:
The system then needs to know where NEXT_ROOT lives:
edit /etc/profile and add:
Log out and then back in to make sure this takes effect.

## Apply updates

If necessary, you can apply updates like this:
You can download the patcher.sh shell script and the gzip update from Apple's website.

## Install the Apache adaptor

* Download the binary or
* Compile it yourself
TODO: I've tried but failed to get this working with Apache2

## Configure Apache

Add the configuration file: cp $NEXT_ROOT/Developer/Examples/WebObjects/Source/Adaptors/Apache/apache.conf /usr/local/etc/apache/webobjects.conf
Add the line:
* before* LoadModule rewrite_module
Add the line:
* after* AddModule mod_rewrite.c
Edit the configuration file at /usr/local/etc/apache/webobjects.conf:

## Create a startup scripts for wotaskd and javamonitor

Create /usr/local/etc/rc.d/110.wotaskd.sh
Create /usr/local/etc/rc.d/150.javamonitor.sh
# WebObjects/Web Applications/Deployment/Additional Monitoring
### Checking App for Life
#### Chuck Hill

We usually just use a script that runs as a cron job. It hits a direct action on the app that returns a known "all is OK" response. If that does not get returned, alarms ring.
# WebObjects/Testing/Load Testing WO Apps with JMeter

It is possible to use the JavaPlaybackManager to load test your WO apps, but you will likely be frustrated by bugs and lack of features. A much more robust and feature-full utility is Apache Jakarta's JMeter
WebObjects, being less well-known, is not fully supported out-of-the-box, so we will need a bit of help with:
* URL-stored session IDs
* instance IDs
Happily, these two critical pieces of information can be retrieved in a single step by adding a Regular Expression Extractor to the first HTTP Request node that hits your application. Use a regular expression like this:
And a template like this:
Set Match No. to 1 and Default Value to "" (blank). Then, set the Reference Name to whatever name you want to use, for example, "sessionid". The instance number will then be available to future test steps as ${sessionid_g1} and the session ID as ${sessionid_g2}. Your second HTTP Request, for example, might have a URL of:
# WebObjects/Testing/WOUnitTest
### WOUnitTest

[WOUnitTest Homepage on SourceForge]
WOUnitTest 2 is an extension of JUnit for WebObjects development. It is developed and tested with WebObjects 5.3.2, Java 1.5, and JUnit 4.1.
# WebObjects/Web Applications/Deployment/Deployment

WO DEPLOYMENT BLACK ART CHEAT SHEET
NEW INSTANCE DEFAULTS
Auto Recover : checked
Caching Enabled: checked
Lifebeat Interval: 30
Additional Arguments
Instance RAM Calculator XMnnnx (Server RAM MB - RAM for OS) / Instances = per instance RAM
APPLICATION SETTINGS
Name: WOApp
Starting Port: N/A
Time Allowed For Startup: in seconds
Phased Startup: checked
Adaptor: WODefaultAdaptor
Minimum Adaptor threads$^1$: 2 ( Adaptor threads is the number of threads to spawn to service your requests.)
Maximum Adaptor threads$^2$: 8
Adaptor threads:
Listen Queue Size: 2
Project Search Path:
Session TimeOut (sec)$^3$: 1
Statistics Page Password: N/A
Load Balancing and Adaptor Settings
Load balancing scheme: Round Robin
1. Adaptor threads is the number of threads to spawn to service your requests.
2. IIRC he said about 7-8 worker threads and 2-3 listen queue ones. Of course that depends on your app and what average requests are doing etc etc. But above that limit, if the app slows, the requests pile up to where it has no hope of meaningful recovery (the app may recover, but the users have gotten an error message long before).
Based on Max's comments, I have set the listen queue size to 2, minimum adaptor threads to 2, and maximum adaptor threads to 4 on my deployed WO apps. Yes, these seem extremely low compared with the defaults, but as Chuck (and Max) stated, higher values can cause poor performance at high loads. With these low settings, you'll get a warning at app startup, but ignoring this warning hasn't caused any obvious problem.
3. You can adjust your session timeout dynamically. We allow 5 minutes to login, but once you login, we bump it back up to 3600. That way we don't have a bunch of stale sessions triggered by web robots.
# Linear Algebra/Fields

Fields are very important to the study of linear algebra. This is because any result in linear algebra applies to all fields, because the basic operations in linear algebra involve only addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
However, they are primarily the study of Abstract Algebra and will not fully be treated here. Instead, we provide only the definition.
A field is a set F with two binary operators (or functions) + and * and with elements 0 and 1 such that:
* Commutativity of addition: a+b=b+a
* Associativity of addition: (a+b)+c=a+(b+c)
* Additive identity: 0+a=a+0=a
* Additive inverse: There exists an element b such for all a such that a+b=0
* Commutativity of multiplication: ab=ba
* Associativity of multiplication: (ab)c=a(bc)
* Multiplicative identity: 1a=a1=a
* Multiplicative inverse: There exists an element b for all nonzero a such that ab=1
* Distributivity of multiplication over addition: a(b+c)=ab+ac
Examples of fields:
* The rational numbers Q
* The real numbers R
* The complex numbers C
* The set of rational polynomial functions

### Characteristic 0

Another important assumption for linear algebra is that we are working with a field of characteristic 0.

## Definition

The characteristic of a field is the first natural number n such that 1+1+1+.....+1 (n times) is equal to 0. If there is no such number, then it is of characteristic 0.
Example:
* The integers modulo p, Z$_p$ where p is a prime number.
In linear algebra, we do not work with such fields as Z$_p$, so we will only work with fields of characteristic 0.
# Turkish/Ways of enhancing your Turkish/Turkish on the internet

Here are some very useful websites for you to visit. You've got dictionaries, language exchange websites, everything you'll need!
* Online English-Turkish Turkish-English Dictionary
* Online English-Turkish Dictionary with 1,500,000 words and idioms
* Turkish Wiktionary
* Useful Turkish Phrases
* Turkish words in the English Wiktionary
* Cypriot-Turkish
* http://www.mylanguageexchange.com/
* www.language-exchanges.org
* A Forum for Turkish Learners
* Manisa Turkish - The Turkish Language explained for English Speakers
* Tatoeba Project - Great resource for sentence examples
* Turkish Wikipedia - Great place to practice reading Turkish
# Turkish/Ways of enhancing your Turkish/Turkish Movies

There are two ways in which you will be able to have access Turkish movies. If you live somewhere with a large Turkish diaspora (Germany, any major European city, NY or LA) then you will almost definitely have access to a cinema screening a Turkish movie (the list of places is kind of like a sliding scale, starting from "definitely", to "maybe").
You could also buy Turkish movies on DVD from a local Turkish supermarket (there are lots around Western Europe) or online. This would actually be a better idea because you could opt to put on English subtitles to make actually understanding the movie a lot easier.
Here is a list of some of the most popular Turkish movies out there:
* Babam ve Oğlum - i.e.: My father and My Son. According to an Istanbul poll, 96% of viewers cried at least once during the movie.
* G.O.R.A. - a successful Turkish comedy parodying many recent sci-fi movies.
* Sınav - i.e.: Exam. A teen movie starring Jean Claude Van Damme, criticising the Turkish university entrance examination. See ÖSS.
* Kurtlar Vadisi Irak- i.e.: The Valley of the Wolves Iraq. A successful spinoff of the very controversial yet extremely popular Turkish series (see Valley of the Wolves) criticising the Iraq War (through bizarre scenarios like human organ harvesting for rich westerners), this has been the highest grossing Turkish movie of all time. Starring Billy Zane.
* Uzak - i.e.: Distant. An award-winning Turkish movie, winner of the 2003 Grand Prix award at the Cannes Film Festival.
* Aşk Tesadüfleri Sever - i.e.: Love Likes Coincidences.
* Her Şey Çok Güzel Olacak - i.e.: Everything's Gonna Be Great.
* Vizontele
* Av Mevsimi - i.e.: Hunting Season.
* Mustang - Academy Award for Best International Feature Film nominee.
* Duvara Karşı - i.e.: Head-On.
* Eşkıya - i.e.: The Bandit. One of the top rated films on IMDb.
* Vavien
* Kedi - i.e.: Cat. Critically acclaimed documentary about cats in Istanbul.
* Organize İşler - i.e.: Magic Carpet Ride.
* Aile Arasında - i.e.: Among Family.
* Veda
# Turkish/Ways of enhancing your Turkish/University Courses Directory

If you want to learn Turkish, then what better way of doing it than by studying it professionally? Of course, this is really up to, but if you want to become an expert in this field of knowledge, you can just take a university course. See the universities' respective websites for more information about their courses.

## Denmark
### Københavns Universitet

* Turkish Studies (Tyrkisk)

## France
### Université de Provence Aix-Marseille I

* Turkish

## United Kingdom
### University College London

* French and Turkish - 4FT Hon BA

### King's College London (University of London)

* Turkish and Modern Greek Studies - 4FT Hon BA

### University of Manchester

* Middle Eastern Languages - 4FT Hon BA
* Turkish Studies - 4FT Hon BA
* Turkish and Islamic Studies - 3FT Hon BA

### Oxford University

* Turkish - 4FT Hon BA
* Turkish with Islamic Art and Archaeology - 3FT Hon BA
* Turkish with Ottoman History - 4FT Hon BA
* Turkish with subsidiary language - 4FT Hon BA

### School of Oriental and African Studies

* History of Art/Archaeology and Turkish - 4FT Hon BA
* Linguistics and Turkish - 4FT Hon BA
* Turkish - 4FT Hon BA
* Turkish and Arabic - 4FT Hon BA
* Turkish and Development Studies - 4FT Hon BA
* Turkish and Economics - 4FT Hon BA
* Turkish and Geography - 4FT Hon BA
* Turkish and Georgian - 4FT Hon BA
* Turkish and History - 4FT Hon BA
* Turkish and Law - 4FT Hon BA
* Turkish and Management - 4FT Hon BA
* Turkish and Music - 4FT Hon BA
* Turkish and Persian - 4FT Hon BA
* Turkish and Politics - 4FT Hon BA
* Turkish and Social Anthropology - 4FT Hon BA
* Turkish and Study of Religions - 4FT Hon BA
# Turkish/Word Order

In Turkish, the verb usually goes at the end of the sentence. The basic word order is therefore SOV (subject-object-verb). For example, the following sentence literally means the woman the book read (in the following examples, stressed element is shown in blue):
This word order is not obligatory. You can alter the word order to emphasize a particular element. The most stressed element in a sentence is the element which is nearest to the verb. If you want to stress the verb, you put it at the beginning of the sentence. If you want to stress that it is the woman who read the book, you say:
This would be a good response to the question "Who read the book?". Here are some other examples:
* Kitabı okudu kadın: The woman read the book.
* Okudu kadın kitabı: The woman read the book.
In written language, the verb usually goes at the end of the sentence. But in colloquial speech (and in poetry), its place in the sentence can vary.
You can replace the elements but an element can be composed of more than one words. You can't replace the words in the elements. For example:
You can say:
But you can't say:
This is because the adjective always comes before the word it's acting on, as in English.
I'm going home. = Eve gidiyorum.
ev = house, home eve = to the house gitmek = to go gidiyor = s/he is going gidiyorum = I am going
I want to go home = Eve gitmek istiyorum.
istemek = to want istiyorum = I want istiyorsun = You want istiyor = She wants istiyor = He wants istiyorlar = They want istiyoruz = We want
(Note that the verb istiyorum is in the present continuous tense, but it translates to the present tense in English. This verb is almost always used in this form in Turkish, and the present tense of this verb is reserved for some specific cases.)
How are you? = Nasılsınız?
nasıl = how -sınız = you are (plural you or respect form singular you as in French vous, German Sie)
İyiyim. = I'm well.
iyi = good -yim = I am
Bugün, iyi değilim. = I'm not well today.
bugün = today değil = not -im = I am değilim = I am not
# Turkish/imek

In Turkish/Nominal Sentences, it was claimed that there was no Turkish equivelant for the verbs to be and to have. This is only partially true. The verb imek, which is only arguably a verb, functions similar to the verb to be in Western languages.
imek may be appended to noun phrases, or verbs with a tense or mood declension to convey its meaning. The details of this construction shall be discussed in this article.

## Declension of imek

imek is never literally used in a Turkish sentence, one of its 4 forms is used instead. These 4 forms are:
* idi
* imiş
* ise
* iken
All of these forms have complex meanings and use cases, and will thus be covered in their respective articles.

## imek as a suffix

However, imek is rarely used as an independent word. Most of the time, the words idi, imiş, ise and iken turn respectively into the suffixes -(y)dı, -(y)mış, -(y)sa and -(y)ken. All forms except -(y)ken obey vowel harmony. Suffix versions of imek are unstressed.
| kırıyordu görmüşse ısıtacakmış gezerken | evdeydi Ahmet'in annesiyse ödev içinmiş küçük bir çocukken |
An exception is ise, which is used often as a separate word when it is used as the conjunction on the other hand instead of its usual meaning.
* Ayşe işleri bitirmek için çok çalışıyor, Kerem ise yatıp dinleniyordu.

## Which phrases can imek be used with?

In principle, any phrase that can function as the predicate of the sentence can take imek.

### Noun phrases

imek may append to any noun or noun construction in nominative.
Locative and Ablative nouns and noun phrases may also take imek, as discussed in Turkish/Cases. Accusative and Dative nouns on the other hand cannot.
Postpositional phrases may also combine with imek.
Particles like değil, var, yok and mı/mi/mu/mü combine with imek freely.

### Verbs

Bare verbs cannot combine with imek directly, only declined verbs can. Most tenses and the necessative mood combine freely with imek. However, the past tenses and the conditional mood combine only with some forms of imek. The exact cases where this is allowed is discussed in their respective articles.
The question particle mı/mi/mu/mü intervenes between the tense suffix and imek.

## Declining for person

All forms of imek except iken are declined for person. The declensions are as follows:
When imek is used in a third person plural question sentence, mı/mi intervenes between lar/ler and imek, as in yapıyorlar mıymış.

## The full verb olmak

While imek has only 4 declensions, more tenses are often required. In order to use a noun phrase or declined verb in any other tense, the fully-fledged verb olmak may be used. This construction is to be covered in greater detail in Turkish/Free Auxiliaries.
# Turkish/Ways of enhancing your Turkish/Turkish Satellite Television

There's a lot of Turkish TV out there, and with that comes the golden opportunity of enhancing your Turkish, exposing yourself to Turkish culture and learning more colloquial language.
To further your Turkish, you will want to watch:
* TRT - the state owned broadcaster of Turkey
* Star TV - the first private channel of Turkey
* Show TV - very entertaining, you'll find lots of dizis (soap operas), dubbed films, and shows here
* CNN Türk - you can probably guess what that is!
* NTV Türkiye - Turkey's news channel
* Kanal D - another major Turkish channel
* MTV Türkiye - You can guess what this is, too!
* ATV Türkiye - another major Turkish channel
* Fox Türkiye - and you can guess this one, aswell!
* Kral TV - one of Turkey's many music channels, but plays exclusively Turkish music
For satellite frequencies, click here! You could also opt to subscribe to Digitürk, but I think in your case it would be a waste of money.
# Turkish/Ways of enhancing your Turkish/Turkish newspapers & magazines

One of the best ways of learning the Turkish language is to read Turkish things. Below you will find a list of newspapers and magazines which will help build up your knowledge of Turkish.

## Dergiler (Magazines)

Magazines are a good way to both learn colloquial language and to learn the terms used in your field(s) of interest.

### Coğrafya (Geography)

* National Geographic TR

### Edebiyat (Literature)

* Varlık Dergisi
* Virgül Dergisi

### Erkek (Men)

* Esquire TR
* FHM TR
* Stuff Magazine TR

### Genç (Teens)

* Hey Girl Dergisi

### Kadın (Women)

* Cosmopolitan TR
* Elle TR
* Marie Claire TR

### Kültür ve Siyaset (Culture & Politics)

* İstanbul Life Dergisi
* İzmir Life Dergisi
* TimeOut İstanbul
* Turk of America
* Umran Dergisi
* Ürün Sosyalist Dergisi

### Moda (Fashion)

* Trendsetter Dergisi

### Müzik (Music)

* Rolling Stone Magazine TR

### Tasarım (Design)

* Tasarım Dergisi

### Teknoloji (Technology)

* PCnet : Bilgisayar ve İnternet Dergisi

### Velilik (Parenting)

* Anne Bebek Dergisi
# Linear Algebra/Direct Sum

Let V be a vector space, and let H$_1$, H$_2$, H$_3$, ..., H$_n$ are all subspaces of V. V is defined to be a direct sum of H$_1$, H$_2$, H$_3$, ..., H$_n$ when
* For every x within V, there is x$_n$ within H$_n$ such that $x=\sum _{i=1}^{n}x_{n}$
* When x$_n$ and y$_n$ is within H$_n$ $\sum _{i=1}^{n}x_{n}=\sum _{i=1}^{n}y_{n}$ implies that x$_n$=y$_n$.
The second condition can easily be proven to be equivalent to the following statement:
When x$_n$ are elements of H$_n$, then
$x=\sum _{i=1}^{n}x_{n}=0$
implies that all x$_n$ are also equal to 0.
Because of the second condition, the intersection of any two of the subspaces involved in a direct sum is the single element {0} where 0 is the 0 vector. This implies that all n dimension spaces are a direct sum of n one-dimension subspaces.

## Theorem

If V is a vector space, then for any subspace H, there exists a subspace G such that V is a direct sum of H and G.

### Proof

Let {e$_1$, e$_2$,..., e$_k$} be a basis of H. This can be extended to a basis of V, say, {e$_1$, e$_2$,..., e$_n$}. Then the space G spanned by {e$_{k+1}$, e$_{k+2}$,..., e$_n$} is such that V is a direct sum of H and G.

## General Sums

Given a vector space V, and H$_1$, H$_2$, H$_3$, ..., H$_n$ are all subspaces of V, then V is a sum of H$_1$, H$_2$, H$_3$, ..., H$_n$ are all subspaces of V when all elements of V can be expressed as a sum of elements in H$_1$, H$_2$, H$_3$, ..., H$_n$.

## Exercises

* Prove that the second condition is equivalent to the following statement: When x$_n$ are elements of H$_n$, then $x=\sum _{i=1}^{n}x_{n}=0$
* Prove that the intersection of of any two of the subspaces involved in a direct sum is the single element {0} where 0 is the 0 vector.
# Lombard/Negation

* The reference orthography for this page of Lombard course is New Lombard orthography
In modern Lombard the negation is always post-verbal (the only exceptions are the Bregaglia valley, some areas of Trentino and, in the recent past, some valleys of Canton Ticino and Ossola). This means that the negative particle must be placed always after the verb.

## Negative forms

Negative sentences are those constructed with the negating adverb minga- or its dialectal variants or "nò". The construction of these sentences has been described in the module about the construction of the sentence while on the page Lombard/Adverbs#Negating adverbs are found the dialectal variants of the negating adverbs
Negative sentences are also those constructed with indefinite pronouns nagot or nothing - or its dialectal variants thereof - (nothing) and nissun - or dialect variants thereof - (no one, nobody).
| Negating adverb/pronoun in lombard | Negating adverb/pronoun in English | Example | Translation |
| minga / nò | not | Mì el vedi minga | I don’t see him |
| mai | never | Mì l'hoo mai vist | I have never seen him |
| nanca | not even | Mì l'hoo nanca vist | i didn’t even seen him |
| nananmò | not…yet | Mì l'hoo nananmò vist | I havn’t seen him yet |
| pù | never…again | Mì l'hoo pu vist | I never seen him again |
| nagot / nient | nothing, not anything | Mì vedi nagot | I see nothing I don’t see anything |
| nissun | nobody/noone, not…anybody/anyone | Mì hoo vist nissun | I didn’t see anyone |
For variants of negating adverbs of negation and of negating indefinite pronouns, go to see the Wiktionary in Lombard.

## Use of the negative form

* As will be described in the module about sentence construction, except for rare exceptions, negative particles (“minga” and “nò”) always occur after the verb. In compound tenses, they are placed between the auxiliary and the past participle (except for the negating pronouns i.e. nissun and negott, which are placed ''after the past participle).
** hoo minga podud, not hoo podud minga (in English I could not).
** l'hoo mai sentud, not l'hoo sentud mai (in English I have never seen it).

### Preverbal negative form

Cases of pre-verbal negation can be found in ancient literature and in some Alpine dialects.
* mi no l'hoo mai vist

## Adjectives in negative form

The particle minga can also be used, if placed before the adjective, to make it negative.
* bell → minga bell (in English: beautiful → not beautiful)