OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# AI Art Generation Handbook/How to install Stable Diffusion

There are 2 main methods of using Stable Diffusion, one is installing it locally on the PC itself and others are using via web platforms.
For this chapter, we are focusing more to installing it locally on your computer with many added advantages such as privacy (as you won't need to save the generated images over clouds), able to tweak settings and installing extensions to enhance the image generation capability. However, you need a good graphics card so that it doesn't take long (e.g. minutes) to generate an image. This page describes how you can install it.

## Hardware Requirements

There are a few PC system pre-requisite that are needed to install Stable Diffusion on the PC
| Minimum Recommended Specs | Remarks |
| 6GB VRAM (Video RAM - GPU memory) 8GB VRAM* (For SDXL model base) 12GB VRAM* (For Flux Model) | Your machine are able to generate much larger images without Out of Memory (OOM) error message although the community are trying to optimize with lower VRAM but advance tweaking is required. |
| 16GB RAM | Your machine can handle the processing of multiple image generations in parallel |
| 64GB Hard Disk | Your machine can store more checkpoints/LORAS and generated images |

## Software Pre-Requisites

Python 3.10.12 (Confirmed working as of July 2024)
Git Version Control
Web-UI (Recommended the most popular Automatic1111, but there are others too, see list of web-ui list below)

## List of Local AI Art WebUI

For a list of local (installed in the local PC) web-UI
List of local AI Art WebUI

## Basic GitHub Command

To install the WebUI into Local Hard disk, you need to know some of the GitHub Commands(1) git clone : Clone the repository into the local hard disk
(2) git pull : Update the local WebUI into the latest version
(3) git checkout : Revert the existing version back to earlier stable versions

## Local AI Art WebUI Installation Guide

Auto1111 (Recommended for ease of use , installation and extension compability)
ComfyUI (Recommended if you prefer node-based programming ala Blender)
Invoke.AI (Recommended if you like powerful in-painting functions)
SD.Next (Recommended if you prefer more support for other models such as Deepfloyd , Kadinsky and others)
Forge (Recommended for low memory VRAM management)

## Sharing Models Between Different Local AI Art WebUI

Optional but highly recommended:
All the Models , LORAs, etc.. are advisable to be kept in a central location in your Hard Disk (to save the precious spaces in your HD).

### SD.Next

Once you have successfully installed the SD.Next, go to System tab on main menu bar , then Settings at below of the main menu bar and scroll down on the left bar until you see System Paths. On text field with Folder with stable diffusion models , replaced it with the actual locations of where you stored the models.
Click Apply Settings buttons and the Base Model should appeared on top of the top left

## References

[1] https://medium.com/@promptingpixels/sharing-stable-diffusion-models-between-different-applications-856fc93c45e5
# AI Art Generation Handbook/GUI/Fooocus

Fooocus is rather minimialised in the appearances among all other type of WebUI, but somehow it can still generate a high quality images.
To use this, you just type the prompts or prompts in the bottom of the text field and click Generate button.
You can also click the for Advance checkbox and apply different styles to the images, different image sizes and even the details and guidances.
# AI Art Generation Handbook/GUI/SD.Next

SD.Next is one of the most up to date of text prompting local Web UI (at the rate faster than Auto1111) .
Don't be overwhelmed if you are majority of the users as you are probably be using just the 20% of the features listed here
Here, you can do pretty much the following
| Text | This is where all of the t2i (Text to Image) happened here . |
| Image | This is where all of the i2i (Image to Image) happened here |
| Control | |
| Process | |
| Gallery | All of the generated AI are organised here according to types of generated images |
| Models | You can convert models to safetensor format , merge models , validate models (by calculating hashrate), etc.. |
| Agent Scheduler | This is useful for the hardcore user where they might need to schedule the Image Generation task overnight |
| Systems | All the settings can be configured here |
| Extension | You can extends the SD.Next features by using the features. Example, some of ControlNet (i.e Pose) are using the extensions from 3rd party |
# Annotated Republic of China Laws/Immigration Act/Article 91

| ←Article 88 to Article 90 | Immigration Act Republic of China (Taiwan) Law Article 91 | Article 92 to Article 97→ |

## Promulgated full amendment on 2007-12-26, effective 2008-08-01
### Article 91

    When aliens, nationals without registered permanent residence, people from Mainland China, as well as residents of Hong Kong and Macau undergo inspection of their licenses upon entry of the State or apply for residence or permanent residence, the National Immigration Agency shall obtain and keep a record of every individual’s biometric information.
    The preceding paragraph does not apply to any of the following circumstances:
   * A person under the age of fourteen (14)
   * A person exempted from applying for an Alien Resident Certificate pursuant to Paragraph 1, Article 27
   * Other cases approved by the National Immigration Agency
    The National Immigration Agency may prohibit any person who hasn’t provided his/her biometrics pursuant to Paragraph 1, from entering and residing temporarily or permanently in the State.
    The relevant authority shall enact regulations on the collection of individual biometrics, content of information, measures, administration and application of biometrics, as well as compliance with other requirements.

## Promulgated full amendment on 2015-02-04, effective 2015-02-05
### Article 91

    When aliens, nationals without registered permanent residence, people from Mainland China, as well as residents of Hong Kong and Macau undergo inspection of their licenses upon entry/exit of the State or apply for residence or permanent residence, the National Immigration Agency shall obtain and keep a record of every individual’s biometric information.
    The preceding paragraph does not apply to any of the following circumstances:
    A person under the age of fourteen (14)
    A person exempted from applying for an Alien Resident Certificate pursuant to Paragraph 1, Article 27
    Other cases approved by the National Immigration Agency
    The National Immigration Agency may prohibit any person who hasn’t provided his/her biometrics pursuant to Paragraph 1, from entering and residing temporarily or permanently in the State.
    The relevant authority shall enact regulations on the collection of individual biometrics, content of information, measures, administration and application of biometrics, as well as compliance with other requirements.

## Annotated by Wikibooks

* ↑ Derived from 2015 text.
* ↑ "Immigration Act". Immigration Office (Taiwan). 2015-04-30. Retrieved 2017-01-08.
# Annotated Republic of China Laws/Name Act
## History

* Enacted and Promulgated on March 7, 1953, by Order of President
* Article 6 amended on December 1, 1965, by Order of President
* Article 6 amended on November 18, 1983, by Order of President
* Article 1 amended on January 20, 1995, by Order of President
* Amended and Promulgated on June 20, 2001, by Hua-Zong-(1)-Yi-Zi No.90000118950 Order of President
* Promulgated on October 5, 2001 by Tai-Nei-Zi No.059674 Order of Executive Yuan, come into force from October 15, 2001
* Amended and Promulgated on June 25, 2003, by Hua-Zong-(1)-Yi-Zi No.09200116230 Order of President
* Article 6 and Article 12 amended on December 26, 2007 by Hua-Zong-(1)-Yi-Zi No.09600174101 Order of President
* Article 2 amended and Promulgated on July 8, 2009, by Hua-Zong-(1)-Yi-Zi No.09800166491 Order of President
* Amendments to all 17 Articles promulgated by Presidential Decree Hua-zong-(1)-yi-zi No. 10400058191 on May 20, 2015.

## Annotated by Wikibooks

* ↑ "Name Act: Legislative History". Laws & Regulations Database of The Republic of China. Ministry of Justice (Taiwan). 2016-09-14. Retrieved 2016-09-24.
* 1 2 This full amendment is in a separate page, and later partial amendments are in other separate pages per articles.
# Annotated Republic of China Laws/Motion Picture Act/Article 45

| ←Article 40 to Article 44 | Motion Picture Act Republic of China (Taiwan) Law Article 45 | Article 46→ |

## First promulgated on 1983-11-18
### Article 45

    A motion picture screening establishment shall be fined more than NT$60,000 but less than NT$750,000, and have its business suspended for more than five days but less than ten days, and shall have its license revoked in the case of serious offenses, in the event that it:
* Violates the provisions of Articles 11, 14 or 16.
* Violates the provisions of Paragraph 2 of Article 27, or Subparagraph 1 of Article 28.
* Violates the provisions of Article 12, 13, 15 or Paragraph 2 of Article 30.
    The motion picture or promotional materials shall be confiscated in the case of Subparagraphs 1 or 2 of the preceding paragraph.

## Promulgated amendment on 2009-01-07
### Article 45

    A motion picture screening establishment shall be fined more than NT$60,000 but less than NT$750,000, and have its business suspended for more than five days but less than ten days, and shall have its license revoked in the case of serious offenses, in the event that it:
* Violates the provisions of Articles 14 or 16.
* Violates the provisions of Paragraph 2 of Article 27, or Subparagraph 1 of Article 28.
* Violates the provisions of Article 12, 13, 15 or Paragraph 2 of Article 30.
    The motion picture or promotional materials shall be confiscated in the case of Subparagraphs 1 or 2 of the preceding paragraph.

## Annotated by Wikibooks

* ↑ Reverse-derived from the 2009 text.
* ↑ "Motion Picture Act". Laws & Regulations Database of The Republic of China. Ministry of Justice (Taiwan). 2009-01-07. Retrieved 2018-01-30.
# Annotated Republic of China Laws/Motion Picture Act
## History

* Promulgated by the President Order on November 18,1983.
* Addition of Article 5 -1 and deletion of Articles 11 and 40 promulgated by the Presidential Order Hua Zong (I) Yi No. 000222660 on November 14, 2001.
* Revision of Article 5 promulgated by the Presidential Order Hua Zong (I) Yi No. 09100075680 on April 24, 2002.
* Addition of Article 50-1, and revision of Articles 6, 8, 10, 14, 17, 18, 27, 30, and 46 promulgated by the Presidential Order Hua Zong (I) Yi No. 09100119140 on June 12, 2002.
* Revision of Article 2; deletion of Article 5-1; and addition of Articles 39-1 and 39-2 promulgated by the Presidential Order Hua Zong (I) Yi No. 09200248371 on January 7, 2004
* Revision of Articles 39, 39-1, and 45 promulgated by Presidential Order Hua Zong (I) Yi No. 097002288191 on January 7, 2009
* Amended by Presidential Order Hua Zong(1) Yi No. 10400067401 on June 10, 2015
Article 45

## Annotated by Wikibooks

* ↑ "The Motion Picture Act: Legislative History". Laws & Regulations Database of The Republic of China. Ministry of Justice (Taiwan). 2016-11-18. Retrieved 2016-11-29.
# Annotated Republic of China Laws/Motion Picture Act/Article 39

| ←Article 30 to Article 38 | Motion Picture Act Republic of China (Taiwan) Law Article 39 | Article 39-1→ |

## First promulgated on 1983-11-18
### Article 39

    As motion picture enterprises are deemed cultural enterprises, the central government agency concerned shall promote their development by providing guidance in:
* Their participation in international film exhibitions.
* Their participation in domestic and international professional seminars on motion pictures.
* The selection and publication of outstanding scripts and motion picture stories.
* The development of markets for domestically produced motion pictures.
* The organization of fact-finding groups for foreign visits.
* The sponsoring of international film exhibitions.
* The organization of training sessions and advanced studies abroad for workers in the motion picture industry.
* The promotion and establishment of a motion picture research fund.
* The promotion of other affairs related to motion picture enterprises as per the example provided by other cultural enterprises.

## Promulgated amendment on 2009-01-07
### Article 39

    As motion picture enterprises are deemed cultural enterprises, the central government agency concerned shall promote their development by providing guidance in:
* Their participation in international film exhibitions.
* Their participation in domestic and international professional seminars on motion pictures.
* The selection and publication of outstanding scripts and motion picture stories.
* The development of markets for domestically produced motion pictures.
* The organization of fact-finding groups for foreign visits.
* The sponsoring of international film exhibitions.
* The organization of training sessions and advanced studies abroad for workers in the motion picture industry.
* The promotion and establishment of a motion picture research fund.
* The promotion of other affairs related to motion picture enterprises as per the example provided by other cultural enterprises.
    The central government agency concerned shall coordinate the work of central government administrative agencies, their respective subordinate organizations, and the governments of municipalities under the Executive Yuan, as well as city and county governments to assist motion picture production enterprises in filming and producing motion pictures.

## Annotated by Wikibooks

* ↑ Reverse-derived from the 2009 text.
* ↑ "Motion Picture Act". Laws & Regulations Database of The Republic of China. Ministry of Justice (Taiwan). 2009-01-07. Retrieved 2018-01-30.
# Annotated Republic of China Laws/Motion Picture Act/Article 39-1

| ←Article 39 | Motion Picture Act Republic of China (Taiwan) Law Article 39-1 | Article 40→ |

## Promulgated amendment on 2009-01-07
### Article 39-1

    As an incentive to investment in domestically produced motion pictures, a private company that invests in the establishment or expansion of a motion picture production enterprise of a definite size within ten years of January 9, 2004, is a holder of original share subscription or by solicitation of registered shares issued by said motion picture production enterprise, and holds the shares for three years or more may credit a maximum of 20 percent of the amount paid for the share acquisitions against the amount of business income tax payable each year within a period of five years from the then current year (the “investment tax credit”).
    The total amount of this credit in each ensuing year as referred to in the preceding paragraph shall not exceed 50 percent of the amount of the year's business income tax payable in the then current year; however, this limitation does not apply to the deduction for the final year.
    The incentives stipulated in this Article may not be applied to capital raised through the issuance of registered shares as mentioned in Paragraph 1, or the expenses incurred through such issuance, that have already benefited from incentives detailed in other laws and regulations such as investment tax credit or exemption from business income tax.
    The scope of application, total investment credit, approving authorities, deadline for application, procedures, tax credit rate, and regulations governing other items concerning the aforementioned “definite size” and “investment tax credit” mentioned in Paragraph 1 shall be determined by the central government agency concerned in conjunction with the Ministry of Finance and then reported to the Executive Yuan for approval.

## Annotated by Wikibooks

* ↑ "Motion Picture Act". Laws & Regulations Database of The Republic of China. Ministry of Justice (Taiwan). 2009-01-07. Retrieved 2018-01-30.
# Annotated Republic of China Laws/Immigration Act/Article 88

| ←Article 74 to Article 87 | Immigration Act Republic of China (Taiwan) Law Article 88 | Article 89 to Article 91→ |

## Promulgated full amendment on 2007-12-26, effective 2008-08-01
### Article 88

    With respect to the circumstances which fall in Subparagraphs 4 and 5, Paragraph 1 of Article 6, Subparagraph 8, Paragraph 1 of Article 9, Subparagraph 1, Paragraph 1 of Article 11, Subparagraphs 13 and 15, Paragraph 1 of Article 18, Subparagraphs 1 and 2, Paragraph 1 of Article 24 and Paragraph 3 of Article 25, the competent authority shall employ generally recognized impartial people and invite related authorities to review the circumstances jointly. Any person who passes the review shall be consented or permitted to enter or exit the State; reside, permanently reside, or register at a household registry and reside permanently in the State; or change reasons for residence.

## Promulgated amendment on 2011-11-23, effective 2011-12-09
### Article 88

    With respect to the circumstances which fall in Subparagraph 8, Paragraph 1 of Article 9, Subparagraph 1, Paragraph 1 of Article 11, Subparagraphs 13 and 15, Paragraph 1 of Article 18, Subparagraphs 1 and 2, Paragraph 1 of Article 24 and Paragraph 3 of Article 25, the competent authority shall employ generally recognized impartial people and invite related authorities to review the circumstances jointly. Any person who passes the review shall be consented or permitted to enter or exit the State; reside, permanently reside, or register at a household registry and reside permanently in the State; or change reasons for residence.

## Annotated by Wikibooks

* ↑ "Immigration Act". Immigration Office (Taiwan). 2015-04-30. Retrieved 2017-01-08.
* ↑ Derived from 2007 text.
# Editing Wikitext/Pictures
## Editing Wikitext/Pictures

| Daffodils: Narcissus Pseudonarcissus | Crocus: Latin name unknown |

## Introduction

Pictures, or images, are common on wiki pages. You can add them to your pages, and this series is intended to explain how it is done.
Image layouts are numerous. Most images in Wiki are positioned at the left or right margins and the text is allowed to wrap around them. Others are positioned in a line across the page. Some are intended for the top of a page, along with a table of contents. Galleries can contain many images, and in a wide range of formats, and drop controls can contain any or all of these.
Whether the writer is new to image placement or experienced in their use, he will find something in these pages that is useful. Select from the links below, according to your area of interest.
* To position images in a basic way then read The Quick Course.
* To provide a lineup of tiled images across the page or to overlap them, then be sure to read Tiled Images.
* For more complex image placement read Images in Containers. This page deals with image placement in tables, galleries, and drop controls, and touches on the best use of top-section white space.
Writers within a wiki are encouraged to make use of templates in their work, and several useful templates are mentioned throughout the text.

## Links

* The Quick Course
          Get an image onto the page.
* Tiled Images
          Size and position in-line images.
* Images in Containers
          Place images in tables, galleries and drop-down boxes.

## See also

* : A Wikibooks text on general page editing
* Working with files: A Wikibooks text with much image placement detail
* Wikimedia Commons: The Wikimedia main media resource page
# FHSST Biology/Conclusion
## Conclusion

In this chapter we have discussed the importance of units. We have discovered that there are many different units to describe the same thing, although you should stick to SI units in your calculations. We have also discussed how to convert between different units. This is a skill you must acquire.
# FHSST Biology

To do list
Introduction
Contents
Contributors
Guidelines
About FHSST
# FFMPEG An Intermediate Guide/cmp

-cmp <string or int> : Full pel motion estimation compare function.
# FHSST Biology/Biological Nomenclature
## Biological Nomenclature & Taxonomy

Nomenclature simply means to name. In Biology, there is a standard way of naming organisms. This is based on a grouping, or classification, system designed by Carolus (or Carl) Linnaeus. Grouping organisms is called Taxonomy, and the people who do this are called taxonomists.
Taxonomy involves putting all living things into groups based on the characteristics they have in common. These groups, or taxa, can be further divided into smaller and smaller groups, until every single organism is described and named.
For example, dogs and cats are in the same group at one level, because they both eat meat, have fur, 4 legs, and give birth to live young. However, on the next level down they are no longer in the same group, because dogs cannot pull their claws back into their paws, while cats can retract (pull back) their claws. (This is not the only reason they are in different groups, but we don't have the space and time to give all of them.)
Each level of grouping has its own name. In order of decreasing size they are: Kingdom, Phylum (or Division), Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species. (You can remember this order using this poem: King Philip Came Over For Grandma's Soup.)
Using this system, every organism has a binomial (or two part) name, which are always written in italics (or underlined if handwritten). The first part of the name is written with a capital letter and shows which genus the organism is in. The second part is always written with a small letter and shows the species.

### How does it work?

There are 5 Kingdoms - Animals (Animalia), Plants (Plantae), Fungi, Protists (Protista, but now often called Protoctista) and Bacteria (often called Monera). Most taxonomists these days divide the Bacteria Kingdom into two and say there are 6 kingdoms, but in school level Biology we ignore that division and say there are only 5.
Note: A lot of the names used seem to have odd endings or spellings. That's because they come from Latin, which was the main language spoken when Linnaeus started developing this system. A lot of the words we use in Biology have been changed slightly from their original Latin. Instead of saying Kingdom Animalia (for example), which is Latin, non-Biologists will often say Animal Kingdom. You need to practice using both.
e.g. a Lion belongs to the Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Chordata (which means it has a backbone), Class Mammalia, Order Carnivora, Family Felidae, Genus Panthera and species leo. If you simply use Panthera leo, anyone anywhere in the world who has studied Biology will know which organism you are talking about, and why it belongs to that group. This is very useful if you are trying to communicate with someone who doesn't speak your language!
# FHSST Biology/Choice of Units
## Choice of Units

There are no wrong units to use, but a clever choice of units can make a problem look simpler. The vast range of problems makes it impossible to use a single set of units for everything without making some problems look much more complicated than they should. We can't easily compare the mass of the sun and the mass of an electron, for instance. This is why astrophysicists and atomic physicists use different systems of units.
We won't ask you to choose between different unit systems. For your present purposes the SI system is perfectly sufficient. In some cases you may come across quantities expressed in units other than the standard SI units. You will then need to convert these quantities into the correct SI units. This is explained in the next section.
>> Next: How to Change Units