# Flora of New York/Ranunculales

| ← Commelinales, Zingiberales, Ceratophyllales | Flora of New York — Ranunculales : Lardizabalaceae, Menispermaceae, Berberidaceae, Ranunculaceae, Papaveraceae | Flora of New York — Ranunculales : Lardizabalaceae, Menispermaceae, Berberidaceae, Ranunculaceae, Papaveraceae | Flora of New York — Ranunculales : Lardizabalaceae, Menispermaceae, Berberidaceae, Ranunculaceae, Papaveraceae | Flora of New York — Ranunculales : Lardizabalaceae, Menispermaceae, Berberidaceae, Ranunculaceae, Papaveraceae | → Proteales… Saxifragales |
| ← Commelinales, Zingiberales, Ceratophyllales | Table of contents | Genus index | Protected species index | Invasive species index | → Proteales… Saxifragales |
* Superorder Ceratophyllanae is the probable sister of the eudicots. Its only order Ceratophyllales contains a single living genus.
* Superorders Ranunculanae, Proteanae, and Buxanae, are in the basal grade of eudicots.
* The order Ranunculales has about 93 taxa found outside of cultivation in New York. Ranunculales families include:
* Circaeasteraceae (2 Chinese species, none in NY)
* Lardizabalaceae (1 species of Akebia in NY)
* Menispermaceae (1 species of moonseed in NY)
* Berberidaceae (barberry, 8 taxa in 5 genera in NY)
* Ranunculaceae (68 taxa in 20 genera, Ranunculus the largest)
* Papaveraceae (poppies, 15 taxa in 8 genera in NY)
* ↑ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 181 (1): 1–20, doi:10.1111/boj.12385
* ↑ James L. Reveal (2012). "An outline of a classification scheme for extant flowering plants (Magnoliidae)." Phytoneuron 2012-37: 1–221. Published 23 April 2012. ISSN 2153 7
| Clade | Order | Family | Subfamily | Tribe | Genus | Common names | # |
| sister to eudicots | Ceratophyllales | Ceratophyllaceae | — | — | Ceratophyllum | hornwort | 2 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Lardizabalaceae | Lardizabaloideae | Akebieae | Akebia | chocolate vine, fiveleaf akebia | 1 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Menispermaceae | Menispermoideae | Menispermeae | Menispermum | moonseed | 1 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Berberidaceae | Podophylloideae | Leonticeae | Caulophyllum | blue cohosh | 2 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Berberidaceae | Podophylloideae | Podophylleae | Podophyllum | mayapple, wild mandrake | 1 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Berberidaceae | Podophylloideae | Podophylleae | Jeffersonia | twinleaf, rheumatism-root | 1 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Berberidaceae | Berberidoideae | Berberideae | Berberis | barberry | 3 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Berberidaceae | Berberidoideae | Berberideae | Mahonia | Oregon grape | 1 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Ranunculaceae | Hydrastoideae | Hydrastideae | Hydrastis | golden-seal, yellow puccoon | 1 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Ranunculaceae | Coptidoieae | Coptideae | Coptis | goldthread, three-leaved goldthread | 1 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Ranunculaceae | Coptidoieae | Xanthorhizeae | Xanthorhiza | yellowroot | 1 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Ranunculaceae | Thalictroideae | Aquilegieae | Aquilegia | columbine, wild columbine | 2 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Ranunculaceae | Thalictroideae | Aquilegieae | Enemion | false rue anemone | 1 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Ranunculaceae | Thalictroideae | Thalictreae | Thalictrum | meadow rue | 7 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Ranunculaceae | Ranunculoideae | Actaeeae | Actaea | baneberry | 5 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Ranunculaceae | Ranunculoideae | Actaeeae | Eranthis | winter aconite | 1 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Ranunculaceae | Ranunculoideae | Caltheae | Caltha | marsh marigold | 1 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Ranunculaceae | Ranunculoideae | Caltheae | Trollius | globeflower | 1 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Ranunculaceae | Ranunculoideae | Caltheae | Adonis | pheasant's eye | 2 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Ranunculaceae | Ranunculoideae | Delphinieae | Aconitum | monkshood | 3 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Ranunculaceae | Ranunculoideae | Delphinieae | Delphinium | lark-spur | 1 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Ranunculaceae | Ranunculoideae | Delphinieae | Consolida | knight's-spur, lark-spur | 2 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Ranunculaceae | Ranunculoideae | Nigelleae | Nigella | love-in-a-mist | 1 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Ranunculaceae | Ranunculoideae | Helleboreae | Helleborus | hellebore, Christmas-rose | 2 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Ranunculaceae | Ranunculoideae | Anemoneae | Anemone | hepatica, thimbleweed | 9 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Ranunculaceae | Ranunculoideae | Anemoneae | Clematis | leather flower, virgin's-bower | 6 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Ranunculaceae | Ranunculoideae | Ranunculeae | Halerpestes | seaside crowfoot | 1 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Ranunculaceae | Ranunculoideae | Ranunculeae | Ceratocephala | curvseed butterwort | 1 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Ranunculaceae | Ranunculoideae | Ranunculeae | Ficaria | celadine | 1 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Ranunculaceae | Ranunculoideae | Ranunculeae | Ranunculus | buttercup, crowfoot, spearwort | 23 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Papaveraceae | Papaveroideae | Papavereae | Argemone | pricklypoppy | 2 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Papaveraceae | Papaveroideae | Papavereae | Papaver | poppy | 6 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Papaveraceae | Papaveroideae | Chelidonieae | Sanguinaria | bloodroot, red puccuoon | 1 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Papaveraceae | Papaveroideae | Chelidonieae | Chelidonium | greater celandine | 1 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Papaveraceae | Papaveroideae | Chelidonieae | Macleaya | plume poppy | 1 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Papaveraceae | Papaveroideae | Chelidonieae | Glaucium | hornpoppy | 2 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Papaveraceae | Papaveroideae | Chelidonieae | Stylophorum | celandine-poppy | 1 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Papaveraceae | Papaveroideae | Eschscholtzieae | Eschscholzia | California poppy | 1 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Papaveraceae | Fumarioideae | Fumarieae | Dicentra | bleeding-heart, Dutchman's breeches | 3 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Papaveraceae | Fumarioideae | Fumarieae | Lamprocapnos | Asian bleeding-heart | 1 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Papaveraceae | Fumarioideae | Fumarieae | Adlumia | climbing fumitory | 1 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Papaveraceae | Fumarioideae | Fumarieae | Capnoides | harlequin, pink corydalis | 1 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Papaveraceae | Fumarioideae | Fumarieae | Corydalis | fumewort, corydalis | 3 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Papaveraceae | Fumarioideae | Fumarieae | Fumaria | fumitory | 1 |
| basal eudicots | Ranunculales | Papaveraceae | Fumarioideae | Fumarieae | Pseudofumaria | rock fumitory, yellow corydalis | 1 |
| basal eudicots | Proteales | Nelumbonaceae | − | − | Nelumbo | lotus | 2 |
| basal eudicots | Proteales | Platanaceae | − | − | Platanus | sycamore | 2 |
| basal eudicots | Buxales | Buxaceae | Buxoideae | − | Buxus | boxwood | 1 |
| basal eudicots | Buxales | Buxaceae | Pachysandroideae | Pachysandreae | Pachysandra | spurge | 2 |

## Family Lardizabalaceae

The Lardizabalaceae (lardizabala family)...

### Subfamily Lardizabaloideae
#### Tribe Akebieae
##### Akebia

* Akebia quinataAkebia is a small asian genus with a single species occurring in New York
Ranunculales — Lardizabalaceae — Lardizabaloideae — Akebieae — Akebia :
| Genus Akebia | Chocolate-vine | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Akebia quinata (Houtt.) Dcne.1779. Rajania quinata  Houtt. 1839. Akebia quinata  (Houtt.) Dcne. | Fiveleaf akebia, Chocolate vine | Introduced from  Asia, Moderately invasive,  NYIS: 52%, CP-4 | | NYFA: X | USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Akebia quinata: Moderate (52). ↑ Appendix 4. Plant species that are considered moderately invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Plantations' accessioned collections (2009) ||||||

## Family Menispermaceae

The Menispermaceae (moonseed family)...

### Subfamily Menispermoideae
#### Tribe Menispermeae
##### Menispermum

Ranunculales — Menispermaceae — Menispermoideae — Menispermeae — Menispermum :
| Genus Menispermum | Moonseed | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Menispermum canadense L.1753. Menispermum canadense L. | Canada moonseed, Common moonseed, Yellow Parilla, Carolina moonseedMénisperme du Canada, Raison de couleuvre | Native, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

## Family Berberidaceae

* The Berberidaceae (barberry family) contains several herbaceous genera that are associated with their native woodland wildflowers, including Caulophyllum (blue cohosh), Podophyllum (mayapple), and Jeffersonia (twinleaf). But the family also contains the non-native ornamental shrubs (some highly invasive) known as barberry in the Berberis and closely-related Manonia genera.

### Subfamily Podophylloideae
#### Tribe Leonticeae
##### Caulophyllum

* Caulophyllum giganteum early blue cohoshCaulophyllum contains the two blue cohosh species found in New York, but it does not include black cohosh, which is not only in a separate genus (Actaea), but also in a different family (Ranunculaceae, below). Blue cohosh leaves have a similarity to Thalictrum (meadow rue) leaves, accounting for the specific epithet thalictroides.
* Caulophyllum giganteum (early blue cohosh), appears earlier in the spring than C. thalictroides and has purple flowers instead of yellow.
* ↑ Genus: Caulophyllum (blue cohosh) at gobotany.newenglandwild.org
Ranunculales — Berberidaceae — Podophylloideae — Leonticeae — Caulophyllum :
| Genus Caulophyllum | Blue cohosh | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx.1753. Leontice thalictroides L. 1803. Caulophyllum thalictroides Michx. | Blue cohosh, Squaw-root, Papoose-rootCaulophylle faux-pigamon | Native, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Caulophyllum giganteum (Farw.) Loconte & W.H.Blackw.1918. Caulophyllum thalictroides  var. giganteum  Farw. 1981. Caulophyllum giganteum Loconte & W.H.Blackw. | Northern blue cohosh, Giant blue cohosh, Early blue cohosh | Native, Unranked | | NYFA: 3-5 | USDA-N Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA Images Wikispecies |
Differences between early and late blue cohoshes
Blue cohosh differentiation :
| Caulophyllum | common name | Flowering time | Flowers per inflorescence | Sepal color | Sepal length | Style length |
| C. gigantium | early blue cohosh | flowers before leaf expansion, 10-15 days before C. thalictroides | 4 - 8 | purple to purple-brown | 6 - 9 mm | 1 - 2 mm |
| C. thalictroides | late blue cohosh | flowers with leaves, 10-15 days after C. gigantium | 5 - 70 | yellow to yellow-green | 3 - 6 mm | ≤1 mm |

#### Tribe Podophylleae
##### Podophyllum

Ranunculales — Berberidaceae — Podophylloideae — Podophylleae — Podophyllum :
| Genus Podophyllum | Mayapple | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Podophyllum peltatum L.1753. Podophyllum peltatum L. | May-apple, Indian-apple, Wild-mandrakePomme de mai | Native, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |

##### Jeffersonia

* twinleaf
* Although twinleaf is listed as threatened in New York, its populations have probably remained fairly stable. Because its native habitat includes ravines, its scarcity is more a matter of New York being at the northern edge of its natural range than it is of recent habitat loss. However, invasion of its habitat by exotic plants like garlic mustard and swallow-wort is currently a concern.
Ranunculales — Berberidaceae — Podophylloideae — Podophylleae — Jeffersonia :
| Genus Jeffersonia | Twinleaf | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Jeffersonia diphylla (L.) Pers.1753. Podophyllum diphyllum L. 1805. Jeffersonia diphylla (L.) Pers. | Twinleaf, Twin-leaf, Rheumatism-root | Native, CoC: 7, Threatened, NYNHP: 2 | | NYFA: 2 | USDA-N ARS-GRIN FNA BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Jeffersonia diphylla. Threatened, S2/G5. ||||||

### Subfamily Berberidoideae
#### Tribe Berberideae
##### Berberis

* Berberis thunbergiiAlthough there are a few North American native barberry species, none are known to have naturalized in New York State (unless Mahonia is included in Berberis). The closest reported occurrence is of Berberis canadensis (American barberry) in Huntington County in south-central Pennsylvania. However the two Eurasian barberries, Berberis thunbergii and Berberis vulgaris are quite common and considered to be invasive in New York. If fact, the sale of fertile Japanese barberry (B. thunbergii) is now prohibited in the state.

###### Berberis sect. Berberis

Barberry differentiation :
| Barberry species | Leaf margin | Spines / thorns | Flowers |
| Berberis thunbergii, Japanese barberry | Entire (smooth) | 1 (or 1 with 2 short side-branches) | Sessile umbel |
| Berberis vulgaris, European barberry | Serrate (toothed) | 3 (or 1 with 2 long side-branches) | Racemes of 10-25 |
| Berberis × ottawensis, Ottawa barberry | Entire (smooth) | 1 to 3 | Subumbellate-raceme |
| Berberis canadensis, American barberry | Serrate (toothed) | 3 (or 1 with 2 long side-branches) | Racemes of 5-10 |
Ranunculales — Berberidaceae — Berberidoideae — Berberis :
| Genus Berberis | Barberry | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Berberis thunbergii DC.1821. Berberis thunbergii DC. 1926. Berberis thunbergii  var. atropurpurea  Chenault | Japanese barberryÉpine-vinette du Japon | Introduced from  eastern Asia, Very highly invasive,  NYIS: 91%, Prohibited, CP-2 NE-1 | | NYFA: X iNat | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNAFNA Tropicos CABI Images Wikispecies |
| Berberis vulgaris L.1753. Berberis vulgaris L. 1845. Berberis vulgaris  var. purpurea  Bertin ex Jacques & Hérincq 1860. Berberis vulgaris  f. atropurpurea  Regel 1869. Berberis jacquinii hort. ex K.Koch 1869. Berberis sanguinea hort. ex K.Koch | Common barberry, European barberry, Jaundice-berryÉpine-vinette commune, Épine-vinette, Berbéris vulgaire, Berbéride vulgaire | Introduced from  Eurasia, Moderately invasive,  NYIS: 69%, CP-3 NE-2 | | NYFA: X iNat | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNAFNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Berberis × ottawensis C.K.Schneid.  Berberis thunbergii ×   Berberis vulgaris1927. Berberis × ottawensis C.K.Schneid. | Hybrid barberry, Ottawa barberry | Introduced, Potentially invasive, Present in New Eng. | | Clinton (2014) NYFA: Xn iNat | USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Berberis julianae C.K.Schneid.1913. Berberis julianae C.K.Schneid. | Juliana's berberis, Wintergreen barberry, Chinese barberry | Introduced from  China, Highly invasive, NYS Tier 2, Single population, Not naturalized | | NYFA: Suffolk iNat: 5 counties NYFA: X iNat | USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Berberis (unlisted taxa) | Barberry | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Berberis koreana Palibin.1899. Berberis koreana Palibin. | Korea barberry | Introduced from  Asia, No specimens, Present in Vermont | | iNat | Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Berberis canadensis Mill.1768. Berberis canadensis Mill. 1869. Berberis fischeri hort. ex K.Koch* 1894. Berberis angulizans hort. ex Massias | American barberry, Allegheny barberry | N. America native | | iNat | USDA-N0 FNA BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ Berberis, New York Metropolitan Flora Project, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 2015 ↑ Berberis thunbergii Japanese barberry, USDA Plant Pest Info ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Berberis thunbergii: Very highly invasive (91%). ↑ Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018) ↑ Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Berberis vulgaris: 69 (all). ↑ Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018) ↑ Category 2 Plants - moderately invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ||||||

###### Berberis sect. Mahonia

* Berberis aquifoliumBerberis sect. Mahonia has also been treated as a separate genus Mahonia. It contains the Oregon grape, which is native to the west coast of North America. It is considered very invasive in Europe and is known to escape cultivation throughout New York.
* Also present in the southeastern part of the states is Berberis bealei (Beale's oregon-grape) which is listed as Highly Invasive/NYS Tier 2 by iMapInvasives and is considered an aggressive invader in the Southeastern United States.
* ↑ Craig R. Allen, Ahjond S. Garmestani, Jill A. LaBram, Amanda E. Peck & Luanna B. Prevost (2006). "When Landscaping Goes Bad: The Incipient Invasion of Mahonia bealei in the Southeastern United States." Biol Invasions 8, 169–176.
Ranunculales — Berberidaceae — Berberidoideae — Berberis sect. Mahonia :
| Genus Berberis | Barberry | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Berberis aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.1813. Berberis aquifolium Pursh 1818. Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. 1906. Odostemon aquifolium (Pursh) Rydb. 1931. Mahonia diversifolia Sweet 1934. Mahonia piperiana Abrams 1939. Berberis piperiana McMinn 1940. Berberis diversifolia Steud. | Oregon grape, Piper's Oregon-grape, Oregon holly-grape, Tall mahonia, Hollyleaved barberryMahonia à   feuilles de houx, Mahonia faux-houx, Faux-houx, Mahonia | Introduced from  western N. America, N. America native, Lower Hudson Tier 5 | NYFA: Xn? iNat | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos BONAP IPN LBJ CABI Images Wikispecies |
| Berberis bealei Fortune1850. Berberis bealei Fortune 1855. Mahonia bealei (Fortune) Carrière 1901. Mahonia japonica  var. bealei  (Fortune) Fedde | Leatherleaf mahonia ⓘ Beale's oregon-grape ⓘ | Introduced from  Asia, Highly invasive, NYS Tier 2 | iNat: 7 counties iNat | USDA-X0 Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Invasive Species Tiers, iMapInvaisves, Mahonia bealei ||||||

## Family Ranunculaceae

The Ranunculaceae...

### Subfamily Hydrastoideae
#### Tribe Hydrastideae
##### Hydrastis

* Hydrastis canadensis
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Hydrastoideae — Hydrastideae — Hydrastis :
| Genus Hydrastis | Goldenseal | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Hydrastis canadensis L. | Goldenseal, Golden-seal, Orange-root, Yellow-puccoonHydraste du Canada, Sceau d'or | Native, CoC: 9, Threatened, NYNHP: 2 Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 2 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN BONAP Images Wikispecies Note: FLNPS |
| ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Hydrastis canadensis. Threatened, S2/G4. ||||||

### Subfamily Coptidoideae
#### Tribe Coptideae
##### Coptis

* Coptis trifoliaGoldthread (Coptis trifolia)
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Coptidoideae — Coptis :
| Genus Coptis | Goldthread | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb.1753. Helleborus trifolius L. 1771. Anemone groenlandica Oeder 1807. Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb. 1929. Coptis groenlandica (Oeder) Fernald 1937. Coptis trifolia  ssp. groenlandica  (Oeder) Hultén 1947. Coptis trifolia  var. groenlandica  (Oeder) Fassett | Goldthread ⓘ Three-leaved goldthread ⓘ Threeleaf goldthread ⓘ Yellow snakeroot Goldenroot American goldthread ⓘ Canker-root Savoyane Coptide du Groenland Coptide savoyane Sabouillane | Native, Secure FACW Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Images Wikispecies |

#### Tribe Xanthorhizeae
##### Xanthorhiza

* Xanthorhiza simplicissima yellowrootShrub yellowroot (Xanthorhiza simplicissima) is the only species of its genus and one of the few woody plants in the Ranunculaceae. It is native to the southeastern US and introduced in parts the northeast. Its naturalization status in New York is uncertain.
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Coptidoideae — Xanthorhizeae :
| Genus Xanthorhiza | Yellowroot | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Xanthorhiza simplicissima Marshall1785. Xanthorhiza simplicissima Marshall 1788. Xanthorhiza apiifolia L'Hér. | Yellowroot, Brook-feather, Shrub yellowroot | Introduced, N. America native | | Bronx Columbia Schenectady Suffolk Westchester NYFA: X | USDA-N0 Go Botany NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |

### Subfamily Thalictroideae
#### Tribe Aquilegieae
##### Aquilegia

* Aquilegia canadensis red columbineColumbine (Aquilegia) includes at least 22 species that are native to western North America, but only red columbine (A. canadensis) appears to be native in the east. European columbine is also common in New York State, where it has naturalized.
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Thalictroideae — Aquilegieae — Aquilegia :
| Genus Aquilegia | Columbine | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Aquilegia canadensis L.1753. Aquilegia canadensis L. | Wild columbine ⓘ Red columbine ⓘ Wild red columbine ⓘ Canadian columbine ⓘ Red-bell ⓘ Honeysuckle ⓘ Meeting-houses ⓘ Ancolie du Canada ⓘ | Native, CoC: 5, Secure FACU Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Aquilegia vulgaris L.1753. Aquilegia vulgaris L. | European columbine | Introduced N. R. Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |

##### Enemion

* Enemion biternatum
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Thalictroideae — Aquilegieae — Enemion :
| Genus Enemion | False-rue-anemone | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Enemion biternatum Raf.1820. Enemion biternatum Raf. 1840. Isopyrum biternatum (Raf.) Torr. & A. Gray | False rue anemone ⓘ Eastern false rue anemone ⓘ | Native, CoC: 10, Likely extirpated, SX, G5 FAC-FACU Perennial, Herb-forb | | Erie (no date) NYFA: Z iNat | USDA-NN FNA Images Wikispecies |

#### Tribe Thalictreae
##### Thalictrum

* Thalictrum pubescensMeadow rue
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Thalictroideae — Thalictreae :
| Genus Thalictrum sect. Heterogamia | Meadow-rue | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Thalictrum dioicum L.1753. Thalictrum dioicum L. 1803. Thalictrum laevigatum Michx. 1832. Thalictrum pauciflorum Raf. 1885. Thalictrum pulchellum Pursh 1914. Leucocoma dioica (L.) Nieuwl. | Early meadow-rue, Quicksilver-weedPigamon dioïque | Native, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany FNAFNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Thalictrum venulosum Trel.1886. Thalictrum venulosum Trel. 1900. Thalictrum confine Fernald 1949. Thalictrum turneri B.Boivin 1966. Thalictrum venulosum  var. confine  (Fernald) Boivin | Early meadow-rue, Veined meadow-rue, Veiny meadow-rue | Native, Endangered | | Clinton (1949, 1993), Essex (1980, 1995) NYFA: 1 | USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Thalictrum sect. Anemonella | Meadow-rue | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Thalictrum thalictroides (L.) A.J.Eames & B.Boivin1753. Anemone thalictroides L. 1803. Thalictrum anemonoides Michx. 1805. Thalictrum anemoides Maxim. 1832. Syndesmon thalictroides Hoffmanns. 1839. Anemonella thalictroides Spach 1957. Thalictrum thalictroides (L.) A.J.Eames & B.Boivin | Rue anemone, WindflowerPigamon à ombelles | Native, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Thalictrum sect. Leucocoma | Meadow-rue | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Thalictrum pubescens Pursh1788. Thalictrum carolinianum Walter 1813. Anemone walteri Pursh 1814. Thalictrum pubescens Pursh 1818. Thalictrum carolinianum  var. subpubescens  DC. 1825. Thalictrum polygamum Muhl. ex Spreng. 1841. Thalictrum walteri (Pursh) Spreng. ex Steud. 1910. Thalictrum perelegans Greene | King of the meadow, Late meadow-rue, Tall meadow-rue, Meadow-weed, Muskrat-weedPigamon pubescent | Native, Secure | | NYFA: 5 iNat GBIF | USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Thalictrum revolutum DC.    Thalictrum amphibolum Greene     Thalictrum hepaticum Greene     Thalictrum moseleyi Greene | Purple meadow-rue, Skunk meadow-rue, Wax-leaved meadow-rue, Waxyleaf meadow-rue | Native, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch. & Avé-Lall.    Thalictrum dasycarpum  var. hypoglaucum       Thalictrum hypoglaucum Rydb. | Purple meadow-rue | Introduced, N. America native | | NYFA: X | USDA-NN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Thalictrum sect. ? | Meadow-rue | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Thalictrum aquilegiifolium L. | Columbine meadow-rue, French meadow-rue, Greater meadow-rue | Introduced, Rare, Eurasia native | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany-0 ITIS Images Wikispecies |

### Subfamily Ranunculoideae

* The Ranunculoideae contains the New York tribes Actaeeae, Anemoneae, Caltheae, Delphinieae, Helleboreae, Nigelleae, and Ranunculeae.
* ↑ Ranunculoideae at Wikispecies

#### Tribe Actaeeae

* The tribe Actaeeae contains the genera Actaea, Anemonopsis, Beesia, and Eranthis. Of these, Actaea and Eranthis have species found outside of cultivation in New York. This tribe has also gone by the name Cimicifugeae.
* ↑ James A. Compton and Alastair Culham (2002) "Phylogeny and Circumscription of Tribe Actaeeae (Ranunculaceae)." Systematic Botany, Vol. 27, No. 3 (Jul.-Sep., 2002), pp. 502-511, American Society of Plant Taxonomists
* ↑ Cimicifugeae at Wikispecies

##### Actaea

* Actaea rubra red baneberryHere the genus Cimicifuga (bugbane) is included in Actaea (baneberry) as per Compton (1998).
* Berry-color alone can't be used to distinguish red and white baneberry from each other. Even at maturity, red baneberry (Actaea rubra) plants frequently have white fruit (sometimes differentiated as forma neglecta). Red or pink berries on white baneberry, Actaea pachypoda (fo. rubrocarpa), are less common and may indicate that the plant is a hybrid (Actaea ×ludovici) of the two species.
* A better way to distinguish red and white baneberry is to observe the color and width of the fruit pedicels. Red baneberry has brown or greenish pedicels that are thinner than the axis of their raceme. White baneberry has bright red and much thicker pedicels that are about the same diameter as the raceme axis.
* ↑ James A. Compton, Alastair Culham and Stephen L. Jury (1998). "Reclassification of Actaea to Include Cimicifuga and Souliea (Ranunculaceae): Phylogeny Inferred from Morphology, nrDNA ITS, and cpDNA trnL-F Sequence Variation." Taxon, 47(3) (Aug., 1998), pp. 593-634.
* ↑ Bruce A. Ford (1997). "Actaea (Linnaeus)." Flora of North America north of Mexico. 3(9)
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Actaeeae — Actaea :
| Genus Actaea L. | Baneberry | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willd.1789. Actaea spicata  var. rubra  Aiton 1809. Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willd. 1838. Actaea arguta Nutt. 1857. Actaea rubra  var. arguta  (Nutt.) Torr. 1914. Christophoriana rubra (Aiton) Nieuwl. 1944. Actaea rubra  ssp. arguta  (Nutt.) Hultén | Red baneberry, SnakeberryActée rouge | Native, CoC: 7, Secure FACU Perennial, Herb-forb, Heliophily: 2 Sun-shade | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN FSUS Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Actaea pachypoda Elliott1753. Actaea spicata  var. alba  L. nom. rej. 1768. Actaea alba auct. non (L.) Mill. 1813. Actaea americana  var. alba  (L.) Pursh 1821. Actaea pachypoda Elliott 1914. Christophoriana alba (L.) Nieuwl. | White baneberry, Doll's-eyes, White cohoshActée à gros pédicelles, Actée blanche | Native, CoC: 7, Secure UPL Perennial, Herb-forb, Heliophily: 2 Part shade-shade | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-N FSUS Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Actaea × ludovicii B.Boivin  Actaea pachypoda ×   Actaea rubra1940. Actaea pachypoda  f. rubrocarpa  Fernald 1967. Actaea × ludovici B.Boivin 1967. Actaea × ludovicii B.Boivin | Louis’s baneberry, Ludovic's baneberry, Hybrid  Red baneberry &  White baneberry | Native, Vulnerable | | NYFA: 3-4 GBIF | USDA-N COL POWO Go Botany ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Actaea racemosa L. var. racemosa1753. Actaea racemosa L. in Sp. Pl.:504 1788. Actaea monogyna Walter in Fl. Carol.:151 1813. Cimicifuga serpentaria (L.) Pursh in Fl. Amer. Sept. 2:372, nom. illeg. 1818. Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt. in Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2:15 1826. Macrotrys racemosa (L.) Sweet in Hort. Brit.:9 1828. Botrophis serpentaria Raf. in Med. Fl. 1:85, nom. superfl. 1891. Thalictrodes racemosa (L.) Kuntze}} | Black cohosh, Black snakeroot, Bugbane, Black baneberry, Black bugbane, Fairy candleCimicaire à grappes | Native, CoC: 7, Likely secure, S4 UPL Perennial, Herb/forb, Heliophily: 3 Part-full shade, 2n = 16 | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNAFNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Actaea L. (excluded taxa) | Bugbane | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Actaea podocarpa DC.1803. Cimicifuga americana Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1:316 1813. Cimicifuga cordifolia Pursh in Fl. Amer. Sept. 2:373, nom. superfl. 1817. Actaea podocarpa DC. in Syst. Nat. 1:282 1821. Cimicifuga podocarpa (DC.) Elliott in Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 2:16 1838. Actaea pentacarpa Michx. ex Torr. & A.Gray in Fl. N. Amer. 1:39 1887. Actaea americana (Michx.) Prantl in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 9:246, nom. illeg. 1891. Thalictrodes americana (Michx.) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 1:4 | Mountain bugbane, Mountain black cohosh | N. America native, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-N0 POWO FSUS Images Wikispecies |
| Actaea rubifolia (Kearney) Kartesz1897. Cimicifuga rubifolia Kearney 1999. Actaea rubifolia Kartesz  auct. Actaea cordifolia non DC.  auct. Cimicifuga racemosa  var. cordifolia  non (DC.) A.Gray  auct. Cimicifuga cordifolia non (DC.) Torr. & A.Gray | Appalachian bugbane | Introduced, US South native | | NYFA: 0 | USDA-N0 FNA NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |

##### Eranthis

* Eranthis hyemalis winter aconiteWinter aconite (Eranthis hyemalis) is native to parts of Europe and is cultivated elsewhere, including New York. It occasionally spreads into adjacent lawns but is not known to truly naturalize in New York.
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Actaeeae — Eranthis :
| Genus Eranthis | Eranthis | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Eranthis hyemalis (L.) Salisb.    Cammarum hyemale     Eranthis cilicicus     Eranthis × tubergenii     Helleborus hyemalis | Winter aconite | Introduced from  Eurasia, Not naturalized | | NYFA: Cayuga, Ulster | USDA-X ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |

#### Tribe Caltheae
##### Caltha

* Caltha palustris L. marsh marigold
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Caltheae — Caltha :
| Genus Caltha | Marsh-marigold | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Caltha palustris L.1753. Caltha palustris L. 1807. Caltha radicans T.F.Forst. 1818. Caltha asarifolia DC. 1824. Caltha arctica R.Brown 1854. Caltha cornuta Schott, Nyman & Kotschy 1854. Caltha laeta Schott, Nyman & Kotschy | Marsh marigold, Yellow marsh marigold, Cowslip, Cowflock, KingcupPopulage des marais, Souci d'eau | Native, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

##### Trollius

* Trollius laxus American globe-flowerMost of the known populations of American globe-flower are found in open parts of calcareous wetlands in central New York State.
* ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2019. Online Conservation Guide for Trollius laxus. Available from: https://guides.nynhp.org/spreading-globeflower/. Accessed May 14, 2019.
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Caltheae — Trollius :
| Genus Trollius | Globeflower | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Trollius laxus Salisb. ssp. laxus1807. Trollius laxus Salisb. 1818. Trollius americanus Muhl. ex DC. 1971. Trollius laxus  ssp. laxus | American globe-flower, Spreading globeflower | Native, CoC: 9, Rare, NYNHP: S3 OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, Part shade | | NYFA: 3 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN-0 FNA Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York Rare Plant Status Lists, March 2019, Compiled by Stephen M. Young, New York Natural Heritage Program. ||||||

##### Adonis

* Adonis aestivalisCultivated only
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Caltheae — Adonis :
| Genus Adonis | Pheasant's eye | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Adonis aestivalis L.1762. Adonis aestivalis L. | Summer adonis, Summer pheasant's eye | Introduced, Not naturalized | | NYFA: Richmond 1883 | USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Adonis (excluded taxa) | Pheasant's eye | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Adonis annua | Blooddrops | Introduced, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-XX Images Wikispecies |
| Adonis vernalis | Spring pheasant's eye, Spring adonis, Ox-eye | Introduced, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies |

#### Tribe Delphinieae

* Recent phylogenetic research has shown the genera Consolida and Aconitella to be embedded within Delphinium as an annual clade within an otherwise perennial genus.
* ↑ Florian Jabbour & Susanne S. Renner (2011) "Consolida and Aconitella are an annual clade of Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) that diversified in the Mediterranean basin and the Irano-Turanian region." TAXON 60(4), August 2011:1029-1040

##### Aconitum

* Aconitum noveboracense northern monkshoodThe only native member of the Delphinieae (syn. Aconiteae) is the endangered northern blue monkshood, which as Aconitum noveboracense is found in only Iowa, New York, Ohio, and Wisconsin. A. noveboracense has been treated as synonymous with Aconitum columbianum ssp. columbianum (Columbia monkshood), which is native to much of western North America.
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Delphinieae — Aconitum :
| Genus Aconitum | Monkshood | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Aconitum noveboracense A.Gray1838. A. columbianum  var. columbianum  misapplied 1886. A. noveboracense A.Gray ex Coville 1929. A. noveboracense  var. quasiciliatum  Fassett 1964. A. uncinatum  ssp. noveboracense  (A. Gray) Hardin | Northern blue monkshood, Northern wild monkshood, Northern monk's-hood, New York monkshood, Columbia monkshoodAconit du Columbia | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, DEC-A, FWS: 1, NYNHP: 1 | | Chenango, (Delaware), Sullivan, Ulster NYFA: 1 iNat | USDA-N0 Go Botany-0 VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA BONAP CPC Images Wikispecies |
| Aconitum napellus L.1753. Aconitum napellus L. | Garden monkshood, Venus' chariot | Introduced from  Europe, Naturalized | | (Broome), Clinton, (Monroe), Otsego, Tompkins NYFA: X iNat | USDA-X Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Aconitum (excluded taxa) | Monkshood | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Aconitum uncinatum L.1762. Aconitum uncinatum L. 1818. Aconitum uncinatum  var. muticum  DC. 1942. Aconitum uncinatum  var. acutidens  Fernald 1964. Aconitum uncinatum  ssp. muticum  (DC.) Hardin | Wild monkshood, Southern blue monkshood | Introduced, N. America native FAC Perennial, Herb-forb | | No NY reports (reports in MA & PA) NYFA: 0 | USDA-N0 Go Botany FNA BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Aconitum noveboracense. Endangered, S1/G3. ||||||

##### Delphinium

* Larkspur species, previously listed in the Consolida genus are annuals that are now considered to be a clade embedded the perennial Delphinium genus.
* Although there were more than sixty Delphinium species native to North America before inclusion of Consolida, none are considered to be native to New York or New England, and none had been reported to have naturalized in New York. The only naturalized Delphinium species in New England is Delphinium exaltatum, which is native to an area that extends as far northeast as northeastern Ohio and southwestern Pennsylvania. Delphinium exaltatum is also distribuded in New York in the "native plant" trade.
* ↑ Pierre-Emmanuel DuPasquier, Véronique Andro-Durand, Lucas Batory, Wei Wang, Florian Jabbour (2021). "Nomenclatural revision of Delphinium subg. Consolida (DC.) Huth (Ranunculaceae)." PhytoKeys 180: 81-110.
* ↑ USDA-NRCS Plants Database for Delphinium L.
* ↑ Delphinium exaltatum Ait. New England Wildflower Society Go Botany website
* ↑ Delphinium exaltatum distribution map in Flora of North America
* ↑ "2014 Central New York Native Plant Shopping Guide" Compiled by Habitat Gardening in Central New York, a chapter of Wild Ones: Native Plants, Natural Landscapes
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Delphinieae — Delphinium :
| Genus Delphinium | Larkspur | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Delphinium ajacis L.1753. Delphinium ajacis L. 1853. Consolida ajacei (L.) Schur  auct. Delphinium ambigua non L.  auct. Consolida ambigua non (L.) P.W.Ball & Heywood | Doubtful knight's-spur, Rocket larkspur, Ajax' larkspurPied-d'alouette d'Ajax, Dauphinelle d'Ajax | Introduced Annual, Herb-forb | | NYFA: X | USDA-X Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Delphinium consolida L.1753. Delphinium consolida  L. 1822. Consolida regalis  Gray | Forking larkspur, Royal larkspur, Rocket larkspur, Field larkspurPied-d'alouette royal, Dauphinelle consoude, Pied d'alouette | Introduced Annual, Herb-forb | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Delphinium (excluded taxa) | Larkspur | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Delphinium formosum Boiss. & A.Huet.1856. D. formosum Boiss. & A.Huet. | Hardy larkspur, Showy larkspur | Introduced from  western Asia, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-EXCLD ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Delphinium exaltatum Aiton1786. Delphinium urceolatum Jacq. 1789. Delphinium exaltatum Aiton 1803. Delphinium tridactylum Michx. 1830. Delphinium exaltatum (Aiton) Raf. 1914. Delphinastrum exaltatum in… | Tall larkspur | Introduced, US South native, No reports Perennial, Forb-herb | | NYFA: 0 | USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |

#### Tribe Nigelleae
##### Nigella

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Nigelleae — Nigella :
| Genus Nigella | Nigella | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Nigella damascena L.1753. Nigella damascena  L. | Love-in-a-mist, Devil-in-the-bush, Jack-in-the-green, Wild fennel, Damascus helleboreNigelle de Damas | Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa Annual, Herb-forb | | NYFA: X | USDA-X Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP IPN Images Wikispecies |

#### Tribe Helleboreae

The Helleboreae...

##### Helleborus

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Helleboreae :
| Genus Helleborus L. sect. Helleborus | Hellebore | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Helleborus niger L.1753. Helleborus niger  L. | Black hellebore, Christmas roseHellébore noire, Rose de Noël | Introduced from  Europe | | NYFA: X | USDA-X ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Helleborus L. sect. Helleborastrum | Hellebore | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Helleborus viridis L.1753. Helleborus viridis  L. | Green hellebore | Introduced from  Europe | | NYFA: X | USDA-X ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Helleborus orientalis | Lenten Rose | Introduced from  Greece, Turkey | | | Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Helleborus L. sect. Griphopus | Hellebore | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Helleborus foetidus | Stinking hellebore Setterwort Dungwort | Introduced from  Eurasia | | | Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ H. Sun, et al. (2001) "Molecular phylogeny of Helleborus (Ranunculaceae), with an emphasis on the East Asian-Mediterranean disjunction." Taxon 50:1001–1018. ||||||

#### Tribe Anemoneae

* The grouping of Anemoneae used here is based on Mosyakin (2016). and Hoot & al. (2012)
* ↑ Mosyakin, S.L. 2016. Nomenclatural notes on North American taxa of Anemonastrum and Pulsatilla (Ranunculaceae), with comments on the circumscription of Anemone and related genera. Phytoneuron 2016-79: 1–12. Published 12 December 2016. ISSN 2153 733X
* ↑ Sara B. Hoot, Kyle M. Meyer, and John C. Manning (2012). "Phylogeny and Reclassification of Anemone (Ranunculaceae), with an Emphasis on Austral Species." Systematic Botany 37(1): pp. 139–152, Copyright 2012 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists DOI 10.1600/036364412X616729

##### Hepatica

* Hepatica acutilobaBecause the genus Hepatica Mill. (1754) has been shown to be phylogenetically embedded within Anemone is has also been treated as Anemone sect. Hepatica. The two New York Hepatica species (sharp-lobe and round-lobe hepatica) are also occasionally treated as subspecies of the Eurasian Hepatica nobilis (as var. acuta and var. obtusa).
* ↑ Native Plant Trust (Go Botany 2022). Genus: Anemone — windflower.
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Anemoneae — Hepatica :
| Genus Hepatica Mill. | Hepatica | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Hepatica acutiloba DC.1813. Hepatica triloba  var. acuta  Pursh 1824. Hepatica acutiloba  DC. 1884. Anemone acutiloba  (DC.) G.Lawson 1891. Hepatica acuta  (Pursh) Britton 1916. Hepatica hepatica  var. albiflora  (R.Hoffm.) Farw. 1960. Hepatica nobilis  var. acuta  (Pursh) Steyerm. | Sharplobe hepatica, American liverleaf, Liverwort-herb, Sharp-lobed hepatica | Native  eastern Canada  north-central & eastern USA, Secure | | NYFA: 5 iNat GBIF | USDA-NN POWO VASCAN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Hepatica americana (DC.) Ker Gawl.1814. Hepatica triloba  var. obtusa  Pursh 1817. Hepatica triloba  var. americana  DC. 1819. Hepatica americana  (DC.) Ker Gawl. 1882. Hepatica hepatica  (L.) H. Karst. p.p. 1958. Anemone americana  (DC.) H.Hara 1960. Hepatica nobilis  var. obtusa  Steyerm. | Round-lobed hepatica, Blunt-lobed Hepatica, Round-leaved liverleaf, American liverleafHépatique d'Amérique, Anémone d'Amérique, Hépatique noble | Native  eastern Canada  north-central & eastern USA, Secure | | NYFA: 5 iNat GBIF | USDA-NN POWO VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

##### Anemonastrum

* Anemonastrum canadenseBased on phylogenetic studies, Anemonastrum was segregated from Anemone by Sergei Mosyakin in 2016
* ↑ Mosyakin, S.L. 2016. Nomenclatural notes on North American taxa of Anemonastrum and Pulsatilla (Ranunculaceae), with comments on the circumscription of Anemone and related genera. Phytoneuron 2016-79: 1–12. Published 12 December 2016. ISSN 2153 733X
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Anemoneae — Anemonastrum :
| Genus Anemonastrum | Windflower | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Anemonastrum canadense (L.) Mosyakin1768. Anemone canadensis L. 1892. Anemone dichotoma  var. canadensis  C.MacMill. 1982. Anemonidium canadense (L.) Á.Löve & D.Löve 2016. Anemonastrum canadense (L.) Mosyakin | Canada anemone, Canadian anemone, Canada windflower, Meadow anemone, Meadow windflower, Round-leaved anemone, Round-leaved thimbleweedAnémone du Canada | Native, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies |

##### Anemonoides

* Anemonoides quinquefoliaThe genus Anemonoides has until recently been included in genus Anemone, though many sources, including the New York Flora Atlas, continue to list it as part of Anemone.
* The North American species A. quinquefolia has at various times been treated as a variety of the European species A. nemorosa. Although they are fairly similar, they are now generally treated as separate species.
* A. nemorosa is not listed in the New York Flora Atlas but is commonly planted in North America, where it occasionally naturalizes.
* Even though quinquefolia should indicate 5 leaves, wood anemone has only 3 leaflets per leaf.
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Anemoneae — Anemonoides :
| Genus Anemonoides | Anemone | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Anemonoides quinquefolia (L.) Holub var. quinquefolia1753. Anemone quinquefolia  L. 1808. Anemone pedata  Raf. 1813. Anemone nemorosa  var. quinquefolia  (L.) Pursh 1914. Anemonanthea quinquefolia  (L.) Nieuwl. 1923. Anemone quinquefolia  var. bifolia  Farw. 1935. Anemone quinquefolia  var. interior  Fernald 1968. Anemone nemorosa  var. bifolia  (Farw.) B.Boivin 1973. Anemonoides quinquefolia  (L.) Holub | Wood anemone, Nightcaps, American wood anemone, Wood windflowerAnémone à cinq folioles | Native, CoC: 7, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Anemonoides nemorosa (L.) Holub1753. Anemone nemorosa L. 1763. Anemone nemorosa-alba Crantz 1789. Pulsatilla nemorosa (L.) Schrank 1822. Anemonanthea nemorosa (L.) Gray 1842. Anemone pentaphylla Hook. ex Pritz. 1868. Anemanthus nemorosus (L.) Fourr. 1973. Anemonoides nemorosa (L.) Holub | Wood anemone Windflower European thimbleweed | Introduced from  Europe to western Asia | | NYFA: 0 counties 0 counties | Images Wikispecies |

##### Anemone

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Anemoneae — Anemone subg. Anemone :
| Genus Anemone | Anemone | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Anemone virginiana L.1753. Anemone virginiana L. 1841. Anemone cylindrica  var. alba  Oakes 1847. Anemone virginiana  var. alba  (Oakes) Wood 1899. Anemone riparia Fernald 1967. Anemone virginiana  var. riparia  (Fernald) B.Boivin 1969. Anemone virginiana  var. cylindroidea  B.Boivin 1969. Anemone virginiana  var. virginiana  autonym | Thimbleweed, Tall anemone, Tall thimbleweed, Tall windflower, Virginia anemone, Riverbank anemone, Cylindrical anemoneAnémone de Virginie, Anémone cylindroïde, Anémone blanche | Native, CoC: 5, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Anemone cylindrica A.Gray1835. Anemone cylindrica A.Gray | Long-headed anemone, Long-headed windflower, Long-fruited anemone, Candle anemone, Thimbleweed, CottonweedAnémone cylindrique | Native, CoC: 7, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Anemone multifida Poir. var. multifida    Anemone globosa     Anemone hudsoniana | Hudson Bay anemone, Hudson's anemone, Pacific anemone, Sanson's anemone | Native, CoC: 10, Likely extirpated | | NYFA: Z | USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Anemone (excluded taxa) | Anemone | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| A. cylindrica × virginiana  Anemone cylindrica ×   Anemone virginiana | Hybrid of  long-headed anemone &  thimbleweed | N. America native, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | Images Wikispecies |

##### Clematis

* Clematis virginianaClematis plants are generally vines or subshrubs that go by the common names virgin's-bower, leather-leaf, curly-heads or just clematis.
* There are three NY-native Clematis species that range from the common (sometimes weedy) C. virginiana, to the rare (probably extirpated) C. ochroleuca, which is at the extreme northern extent of its range in New York has only been found in the wilds of New York City, and not reported there since the 1930's.
* Many non-native Clematis vines are planted for ornamental purposes, but most rarely, if ever, naturalize in New York State. However, C. terniflora has been found to be highly invasive in parts of New York, and is currently on the state's Regulated Species list.
* ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Anemoneae — Clematis :
| Genus Clematis subg. Clematis | Virgin's-bower | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Clematis virginiana L.1755. Clematis virginiana  L. 1768. Clematis canadensis  Miller 1814. Clematis holosericea  Pursh 1885. Clematis dioica  ssp. virginiana  Kunze 1901. Clematis missouriensis  Rydb. 1935. Clematis virginiana  var. missouriensis  (Rydb.) E.J.Palmer & Steyerm. | Virgin's-bower, Devil's darning needles, Virginia clematis, Virginia bower, Virginia virgin's bower, Old man's beardClématite de Virginie, Herbe aux gueux | Native, CoC: 3, Secure FAC Perennial, Vine, subshrub, Sun - shade | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Clematis subg. Atragene | Virgin's-bower | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Clematis occidentalis (Hornem.) DC. var. occidentalis1805. Atragene americana  Sims 1815. Atragene occidentalis  Hornem. 1817. Clematis verticillaris  DC. 1824. Clematis occidentalis  DC. 1947. Clematis verticillaris  var. cacuminis  Fernald 1968. Clematis verticillaris  var. grandiflora  B.Boivin | Purple clematis, Purple virgin’s-bower, Western blue virginsbower, Northern blue clematisClématite verticillée, Atragène d'Amérique, Clématite occidentale | Native, CoC: 9, Likely secure UPL Perennial, Vine, subshrub, Part shade - shade | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Clematis subg. Viorna | Virgin's-bower | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Clematis ochroleuca Aiton1789. Clematis ochroleuca  Aiton 1814. Clematis ovata  Pursh 1885. Clematis integrifolia  ssp. ovata  (Pursh) Kuntze 1903. Viorna ochroleuca  (Aiton) Small 1903. Viorna ovata  (Pursh) Small (i) 1931. Clematis ochroleuca  var. ovata  (Pursh) Wherry 1982. Coriflora ochroleuca  (Aiton) W.A.Weber | Curlyheads, Curly-heads, Silky leather-flower, Erect silky leather-flower | Native, CoC: 10, Likely extirpated, Impersistent UPL Perennial, Herb-subshrub | | NYFA: Z | USDA-N0 FNA Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Clematis subg. Flammula | Virgin's-bower | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Clematis terniflora DC.1817. Clematis terniflora  DC. 1909. Clematis dioscoreifolia  H.Lév. & Vaniot 1945. Clematis dioscoreifolia  var. robusta  (Carrière) Rehder | Yam-leaved clematis, Yam-leaved virgin's-bower, Sweet autumn clematis, Sweet autumn virginsbower, Japanese virgin's-bowerClématite à panicules | Introduced from  Asia, Highly invasive,  NYIS: 73%, Regulated FACU-UPL Perennial, Vine, subshrub | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Clematis viticella L.1753. Clematis Viticella  L. 1903. Viticella viticella  (L.) Small (nom. illeg. - tautonym) 1949. Clematis viticella  f. purpurea  (Loudon) Rehder | European purple clematis, Italian clematis, Italian leather flower, Italian virgin's-bowerClématite fausse-vigne, Clématite bleue | Introduced from  Eruasia, Impersistent, Rare Perennial, Vine | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Clematis recta L. | Ground virgin's-bower | Introduced, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-XX Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Clematis terniflora: High (73). ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species ||||||

#### Tribe Ranunculeae

The Ranunculeae...

##### Halerpestes

* Halerpestes cymbalariaThe seaside buttercup
* ↑ Hörandl, Elvira; Paun, Ovidiu; Johansson, Jan T.; Lehnebach, Carlos; Armstrong, Tristan; Chen, Lixue; Lockhart, Peter (2005). "Phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary traits in Ranunculus s.l. (Ranunculaceae) inferred from ITS sequence analysis". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 36 (2): 305–327. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.02.009. PMID 15955512.
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Ranunculeae — Halerpestes :
| Genus Halerpestes | Seaside crowfoot | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Halerpestes cymbalaria (Pursh) Greene1814. Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh 1900. Halerpestes cymbalaria (Pursh) Greene 1975. Cyrtorhyncha cymbalaria  ssp. alpina  (Hook.) Á.Löve & D.Löve | Alkali buttercup, Seaside buttercup, Seaside crowfootRenoncule cymbalaire | Native, Endangered | | NYFA: 1 | USDA-N Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies |

##### Ceratocephala

* Ceratocephala testiculata, curveseed butterwort Ceratocephala testiculata (curveseed butterwort) is a Eurasian introduction, more common in the western U.S., where it is often considered invasive.
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Ranunculeae — Ceratocephala :
| Genus Ceratocephala | Curveseed-butterwort | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Ceratocephala testiculata (Crantz) Roth1763. Ranunculus testiculatus Crantz 1817. Ceratocephala orthoceras DC. 1821. Ceratocephala testiculata (Crantz) Besser 1880. Ranunculus falcatus  var. orthoceras  Aitch. 1888. Ceratocephala falcata  ssp. orthoceras  (DC.) Batt. | Sage buttercup, Curve-seeded butterwort, Bur buttercup, Hornseed buttercup | Introduced from  Eurasia, Naturalized | | NYFA: X NYFA: Orange County only iNat Erie County only | USDA-X BONAP Images Wikispecies |

##### Ficaria

* Ficaria verna, lesser calandine Ficaria verna (lesser celandine) is a Eurasian groundcover that is considered to be invasive where it occurs in forested floodplains in North America. Its sale is now prohibited in New York State.
* ↑ Cipollini & Schradin (2011). Guilty in the Court of Public Opinion: Testing Presumptive Impacts and Allelopathic Potential of Ranunculus ficaria." The American Midland Naturalist. 166(1):63-74 (July 2011).
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Ranunculeae — Ficaria :
| Genus Ficaria | Celandine | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Ficaria verna Huds. ssp. verna1753. Ranunculus ficaria L. 1762. Ficaria verna Huds. 1882. Ficaria ficaria H. Karst. nom. illeg. 1908. Ranunculus ficaria  var. bulbifer  Albert 1981. Ranunculus ficaria  ssp. bulbifer  Lambinon | Lesser celandine, Fig buttercup, Fig-crowfoot, Pilewort | Introduced, Very highly invasive,  NYIS: 86%, Prohibited | | NYFA: X NYFA: 14 counties iNat most counties | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Ranunculus ficaria: Very High (86). ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species ||||||

##### Ranunculus
###### Ranunculus subg. Batrachium

* Ranunculus longirostris
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Ranunculeae — Ranunculus subg. Batrachium :
| Genus Ranunculus subg. Batrachium | White water buttercup | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Ranunculus longirostris Godr.1786. R. trichophyllus Chaix nom. nud.  auct. R. circinatus non Sibth. (1794) 1795. R. flaccidus Pers. 1796. R. aquatilis  var. diffusus  With.misapplied 1823. R. amphibius James 1839. R. longirostris Godr. 1839. Batrachium circinatum Spach 1844. B. longirostre F.W.Schultz 1848. B. trichophyllum F.W.Schultz 1869. B. flaccidum (Pers.) Rupr. 1884. R. aquatilis  var. longirostris  G.Lawson 1942. R. aquatilis  var. calvescens  L.D.Benson | Long-beaked white water buttercup, Longbeak buttercup, Thread-leaved water buttercup, Hair-leaved water buttercupRenoncule à long bec, Renoncule à feuilles capillaires, Renoncule à feuilles chevelues, Renoncule à lâche | Native, CoC: 9, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-N0 Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos BONAP IPN Images Wikispecies |
| Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix ex Vill.1786. Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix ex Vill. 1796. Ranunculus aquatilis  var. diffusus  With. 1824. Ranunculus aquatilis  var. capillaceus  (Thuill.) DC. misapplied 1850. Batrachium trichophyllum (Chaix ex Vill.) Bosch 1936. Ranunculus trichophyllus  var. calvescens  W.B. Drew 1942. Ranunculus aquatilis  var. calvescens  (W.B. Drew) L.D. Benson | White water buttercup ⓘ Thread-leaved water-crowfoot ⓘ Renoncule capillaire | Native, Secure OBL | | NYFA: 5 | VASCAN Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Ranunculus subg. Batrachium (excluded taxa) | White water-crowfoot | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Ranunculus circinatus Sibth.1794. Ranunculus circinatus Sibth. 1839. Batrachium circinatum (Sibth.) Spach 1937. Batrachium foeniculaceum (Gilib.) Krecz.  auct. Ranunculus longirostris non Godr. | White water-crowfoot | Introduced, N.Y. excluded | | excluded NYFA-Excluded | USDA-AUCT Images Wikispecies |

###### Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Ranunculus

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Ranunculeae — Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Ranunculus :
| Genus Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Ranunculus | Buttercup | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Ranunculus pensylvanicus L.f.1781. Ranunculus pensylvanicus L.f. | Pennsylvania buttercup, Bristly buttercup, Bristly crowfootRenoncule de Pennsylvanie | Native, CoC: 2, Secure OBL Annual/Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 5 iNat | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP IPN Images Wikispecies |
| Ranunculus recurvatus Poir. ex Lam. var. recurvatus1804. Ranunculus recurvatus Poir. ex Lam. 1929. Ranunculus recurvatus  var. adpressipilis  Weath. | Blisterwort, Hooked buttercup, Hooked crowfoot, Rough buttercup, Little-leaved buttercupRenoncule à bec recourbé | Native, CoC: 6, Secure | | NYFA: 5 iNat | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Ranunculus caricetorum Greene1903. Ranunculus caricetorum Greene 1906. Ranunculus siciformis Mack. 1936. Ranunculus septentrionalis  var. caricetorum  Fernald 1980. Ranunculus hispidus  var. caricetorum  T.Duncan  auct. Ranunculus septentrionalis non Poir. | Bristly buttercup, Swamp buttercup, Swamp crowfoot, Northern swamp buttercup, Marsh buttercupRenoncule des cariçaies | Native, CoC: 7, Secure | | NYFA: 5 iNat | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Ranunculus hispidus Michx.1803. Ranunculus hispidus Michx. 1920. Ranunculus hispidus  var. falsus  Fernald 1941. Ranunculus hispidus  var. eurylobus  L.D.Benson 1948. Ranunculus hispidus  var. greenmanii  L.D.Benson 1948. Ranunculus hispidus  var. marilandicus  L.D.Benson 1948. Ranunculus hispidus  var. typicus  L.D.Benson | Bristly buttercup, Hispid buttercup, Rough buttercup, Hispid crowfootRenoncule hispide | Native, CoC: 7, Secure FAC Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 5 iNat | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Ranunculus hispidus Michx.var. nitidus (Muhl. ex Chapm.) T.Duncan1804. Ranunculus septentrionalis Poir. 1817. Ranunculus carolinianus DC. 1821. Ranunculus palmatus Elliott 1860. Ranunculus repens  var. nitidus  Muhl. ex Chapm. 1860. Ranunculus septentrionalis  var. nitidus  Chapm. 1941. Ranunculus septentrionalis  var. pterocarpus  L.D.Benson 1980. Ranunculus hispidus  var. nitidus  T. Duncan | Swamp buttercup, Bristly buttercup, Hispid buttercupRenoncule brillante | Native, CoC: 8, Endangered | | NYFA: 1 iNat | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Ranunculus fascicularis Muhl. ex Bigelow    Ranunculus fascicularis Muhl. ex Bigelow | Early buttercup, Early crowfoot | Native, CoC: 8, Secure | | NYFA: 5 iNat | USDA-N Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Ranunculus acris | Tall buttercup, Tall butter-cup, Tall crowfoot, Tall crow-foot, Common buttercup, Meadow buttercup | Introduced from  Eurasia, Alaska,  Greenland, Potentially invasive, Naturalized, SNA, G5 FAC Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: X iNat | USDA-N? ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Ranunculus bulbosus | Bulbous butter-cup, St. Anthony's turnip | Introduced, Potentially invasive, SNA, GNR FAC Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: X iNat | USDA-X Images Wikispecies |
| Ranunculus repens | Creeping butter-cup | Introduced, Moderately invasive,  NYIS: 63%%, NYS Untiered, Finger Lakes Tier 4 | | NYFA: X iNat | USDA-XX Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Ranunculus (excluded taxa) | Buttercup | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Ranunculus cordiger Viv. | | Introduced, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded iNat | USDA-EXCLD Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Ranunculus repens: Moderate (63). ||||||

###### Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Echinella

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Ranunculeae — Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Echinella :
| Genus Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Echinella | Buttercup | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Ranunculus sardous Crantz1763. Ranunculus sardous Crantz 1767. Ranunculus parvulus L. 1783. Ranunculus philonotis Ehrh. | Hairy buttercup ⓘ Hairy crowfoot ⓘ | Introduced, Impersistent, Not naturalized FAC Biennial, Herb-forb | | Madison, Monroe, New York, Oswego, St. Lawrence, Steuben NYFA: X | USDA-XX Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Ranunculus arvensis | Corn crowfoot, Corn buttercup | Introduced, Impersistent, Not naturalized FAC Biennial, Herb-forb | | Monroe, New York NYFA: X | USDA-X Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Echinella (excluded taxa) | Buttercup | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Ranunculus parviflorus L. | Smallflower buttercup, Small-flowered butter-cup | Introduced, N.Y. excluded | | excluded NYFA-Excluded | USDA-XX Images Wikispecies |

###### Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Epirotes

* Ranunculus abortivus kidney-leaved buttercup
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Ranunculeae — Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Epirotes :
| Genus Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Epirotes | Buttercup | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Ranunculus abortivus L.1753. Ranunculus abortivus  L. | Kidney-leaved crowfoot, Little-leaved buttercup | Native, CoC: 6, Secure, S5 FAC-FACW Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-N Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Ranunculus allegheniensis Britton1895. Ranunculus allegheniensis Britton | Allegheny mountains crowfoot, Allegheny Mountain buttercup | Native, CoC: 6, Likely secure, S4, G4-5 FAC Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-N Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Ranunculus micranthus Nutt.1838. Ranunculus micranthus Nutt. | Small-flowered crowfoot, Rock crowfoot, Rock buttercup | Native, CoC: 8, Rare, S3, G5 FACU Perennial, Herb-forb | | Bronx, Columbia, Orange, Putnam, Rockland, Suffolk, Ulster, Westchester NYFA: 3 | USDA-N0 Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Epirotes (excluded taxa) | Buttercup | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Ranunculus pygmaeus Wahlenb.1812. Ranunculus pygmaeus Wahlenb. 1884. Ranunculus pygmaeus  var. langeanus  Nath. 1948. Ranunculus pygmaeus  var. typicus  L.D.Benson | Dwarf buttercup, Pygmy buttercup | N. America native, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

###### Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Flammula

* Ranunculus flammula var. reptans
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Ranunculeae — Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Flammula :
| Genus Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Flammula | Spearwort | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Ranunculus flammula L. var. reptans (L.) E. Mey.1753. Ranunculus reptans  L. 1803. Ranunculus filiformis  Michx. 1829. Ranunculus flammula  var. filiformis  (Michx.) Hook. 1830. Ranunculus flammula  var. reptans  (L.) E. Mey. | Narrow-leaved   creeping spearwort, Greater creeping spearwortRenoncule radicante, Renoncule rampante | Native, CoC: 8, Secure, S5, G5 FACW Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Ranunculus flammula L. var. ovalis (J.M.Bigelow) L.D.Benson1753. Ranunculus flammula  L. misapplied 1824. Ranunculus filiformis  var. ovalis  J.M.Bigelow 1838. Ranunculus reptans  var. ovalis  (J.M.Bigelow) Torr. & A.Gray 1942. Ranunculus flammula  var. ovalis  (J.M.Bigelow) L.D.Benson 1942. Ranunculus flammula  var. samolifolius  (Greene) L.D.Benson | Wider-leaved   creeping spearwort, Lesser spearwortRenoncule ovée | Native, CoC: 10, Not yet ranked FACW, Herb-forb | | Cayuga, Jefferson, Livingston, St. Lawrence NYFA: 3-5 | USDA-NN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Ranunculus ambigens S.Watson1808. Ranunculus obtusiusculus  Raf. (misapplied) 1878. Ranunculus ambigens  S.Watson | American spearwort American crowfoot Water-plantain spearwort | Native, CoC: 10, Especially vulnerable, S1-S2, G4 OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 4-5 | USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies |
| Ranunculus pusillus Poir.1804. Ranunculus pusillus  Poir. 1821. Ranunculus oblongifolius  Elliott 1901. Ranunculus tener  C.Mohr 1942. Ranunculus pusillus  var. angustifolius  (Engelm.) L.D.Benson | Low spearwort, Pursh buttercup | Native, CoC: 10, Likely extirpated, G5 OBL Annual, Herb-forb | | Nassau, Queens, Richmond, Westchester NYFA: X | USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Flammula (excluded taxa) | Buttercup | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Ranunculus flammula L. var. flammula1753. Ranunculus flammula  L. 1840. Ranunculus flammula  var. angustifolius  Wallr. | Lesser spearwortRenoncule flammette | N. America native, N.Y. excluded | | excluded NYFA-Excluded | USDA-NN FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Ranunculus laxicaulis (Torr. & A.Gray) Darby1838. Ranunculus flammula  var. laxicaulis  Torr. & A.Gray 1841. Ranunculus laxicaulis  (Torr.& A.Gray) Darby 1845. Ranunculus texensis  Engelm. 1900. Ranunculus mississippiensis  Small 1942. Ranunculus laxicaulis  var. mississippiensis  (Small) L.D.Benson 1971. Ranunculus subcordatus  E.O.Beal | Mississippi buttercup | N. America native, N.Y. excluded OBL Annual, Herb-forb | | excluded NYFA-Excluded | USDA-N0 ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Ranunculus bonariensis Poir.1951. Ranunculus bonariensis  Poir. | Carter's buttercup | N. America native, N.Y. excluded | | excluded NYFA-Excluded | USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies |

###### Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Hecatonia

* Ranunculus flabellaris yellow water buttercup
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Ranunculeae — Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Hecatonia :
| Genus Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Hecatonia | Buttercup | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Ranunculus flabellaris Raf.1818. R. flabellaris Raf. 1818. R. delphiniifolius Torr. ex Eaton 1818. R. delphinifolius Torr. ex Eaton | Yellow water butter-cup, Yellow water buttercup, Yellow water crowfootRenoncule à évantails | Native, CoC: 8, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Ranunculus sceleratus L. var. sceleratus1753. Ranunculus sceleratus L. | Cursed butter-cup, Cursed buttercup, Cursed crow-foot, Cursed crowsfoot, BlisterwortRenoncule scélérate | Native, CoC: 3, Unranked OBL Annual, Herb-forb | | NYFA: X | USDA-NX Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

## Family Papaveraceae

The Papaveraceae (poppy family)...

### Subfamily Papaveroideae
#### Tribe Papavereae
##### Argemone

Argemone (AR-ge-mon-ee)
Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Papaveroideae — Papavereae — Argemone :
| Genus Argemone | Pricklypoppy | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Argemone albiflora ssp. albiflora | White prickly-poppy, Bluestem prickly-poppy, Texas prickly-poppy | Introduced, N. America native | | NYFA: X | USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies |
| Argemone mexicana | Mexican prickly-poppy | Introduced, N. America native | | NYFA: X | USDA-NW Images Wikispecies |

##### Papaver

Papaver (puh-PAY-ver)
Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Papaveroideae — Papavereae — Papaver :
| Genus Papaver | Poppy | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Papaver somniferum L. | Opium poppy, Common poppy | Introduced | | NYFA: X | USDA-XW Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Papaver rhoeas L. | Common poppy, Corn poppy, Field poppy, Flanders poppy | Introduced | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Papaver dubium L. | Blindeyes, Long-podded poppy, Long-headed poppy | Introduced, Rare | | NYFA: X | USDA-XW Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Papaver argemone L. | Long pricklyhead poppy, Pale rough-fruited poppy | Introduced | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Papaver (excluded taxa) | Poppy | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Papaver atlanticum (Ball) Coss.1873. Papaver rupifragum  var. atlanticum  Ball. 1882. Papaver atlanticum  (Ball) Coss. 1932. Papaver rupifragum  ssp. atlanticum  (Ball) Maire | Atlas poppy, Moroccan poppy, Spanish poppy | Introduced, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-0 Go Botany IPN Images Wikispecies |
| Papaver glaucum Boiss. & Hausskn. | Tulip poppy | Introduced, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-X0 Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Papaver orientale L.1753. Papaver orientale  L. | Oriental poppy | Introduced, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies |

#### Tribe Chelidonieae
##### Sanguinaria

* Sanguinaria canadensis bloodroot
Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Papaveroideae — Chelidonieae — Sanguinaria :
| Genus Sanguinaria | Bloodroot | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Sanguinaria canadensis L.1753. Sanguinaria canadensis  L. 1905. Sanguinaria australis  Greene 1905. Sanguinaria dilleniana  Greene 1909. Sanguinaria canadensis  var. rotundifolia  (Greene) Fedde | Bloodroot, Puccoon-root, Red puccoonSanguinaire du Canada, Sang-dragon | Native, CoC: 6, Likely secure FACU-UPL Perennial, Herb-forb, Part shade - shade | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA LBJ Images Wikispecies |

##### Stylophorum

* Stylophorum diphyllumThe only New World Stylophorum species is Stylophorum diphyllum, Celandine poppy, which is native to the Midwest section of the US. It is cultivated but not known to naturalize in New York. It closely resembles the Old-World Chelidonium majus (greater celandine).
Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Papaveroideae — Chelidonieae — Stylophorum :
| Genus Stylophorum | Celandine-poppy | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Stylophorum diphyllum (Michx.) Nutt.1803. Chelidonium diphyllum Michx. 1818. Stylophorum diphyllum (Michx.) Nutt. 1825. Stylophorum ohiense Spreng. | Celandine-poppy, Wood-poppy, Mock poppy, Yellow poppy, Yellow wood poppy | Introduced from  Midwest, N. America native, Cultivated only, Not naturalized Perennial, Herb-forb, Part shade - shade | | NYFA: Xnn | USDA- VASCAN-0 ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies |

##### Chelidonium

* Chelidonium majusChelidonium majus, Greater Celandine, is widely regarded as a weed in North America and is listed as invasive in some states. It is also poisonous to mammals.
Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Papaveroideae — Chelidonieae — Chelidonium :
| Genus Chelidonium | Celandine | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Chelidonium majus L.1753. Chelidonium majus  L. 1821. Chelidonium majus  var. grandiflorum  DC. 1824. Chelidonium grandiflorum  (DC.) DC. 1921. Chelidonium majus  ssp. grandiflorum  (DC.) Printz | Greater celandine ⓘ Great celandine Celandine Nipplewort Swallowwort Rock poppy Grande chélidoine Chélidoine Chélidoine herbe-aux-verrues Chélidoine majeure Éclaire Grande éclaire Herbe aux verrues | Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa, Potentially invasive, Naturalized, IPANEIPAUS, eXtension Biennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |

##### Macleaya

* Macleaya cordataPlume poppies (genus Macleaya) consist of only a couple Asian species, of which Macleaya cordata is known to have naturalized in New York State.
* ↑ Werier, David, Kyle Webster, Troy Weldy, Andrew Nelson, Richard Mitchell†, and Robert Ingalls†. 2022 New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.
Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Papaveroideae — Chelidonieae — Macleaya :
| Genus Macleaya | Plume poppy | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R.Br.1799. Bocconia cordata Willd. 1826. Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R.Br. 1866. Macleaya yedoensis André 1909. Macleaya cordata  var. yedoensis  (André) Fedde | Plume poppy, Plume-poppy, Tree-celandineMacléaya à feuilles cordées | Introduced from  temperate Asia, Highly invasive,  NYIS Tier: High-2,  Invasive.org: 0,  USGS: L48 established, Naturalized, SNA, GNR Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: X NYFA: 8 counties iNat 9 counties | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |

##### Glaucium

* Glaucium flavum
Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Papaveroideae — Chelidonieae — Glaucium :
| Genus Glaucium | Hornpoppy | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Glaucium flavum Crantz1753. Chelidonium glaucium  L. 1763. Glaucium flavum  Crantz 1771. Glaucium luteum  Scop. 1887. Glaucium corniculatum  var. flavum  (Crantz) Kuntze | Yellow horned-poppy, Yellow horn-poppy, Horned-poppy, Sea-poppyGlaucienne jaune, Glaucie jaune, Glaucière jaune, Pavot cornu, Pavot jaune des sables | Introduced from  Eurasia,  n. Africa, Moderately invasive,  NYIS: 66% Biennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: X | USDA-XW Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Glaucium corniculatum (L.) Rudolph1753. Chelidonium corniculatum  L. 1781. Glaucium corniculatum  (L.) Rudolph 1789. Glaucium corniculatum  (L.) Curtis (i) | Red horned-poppy, Blackspot hornpoppy | Introduced, Impersistent | NYFA: X | USDA-X0 Go Botany-0 VASCAN-0 ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP IPN Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Glaucium flavum: Moderate (66). ||||||

#### Tribe Eschscholtzieae
##### Eschscholzia

* Eschscholzia californica California poppyEschscholzia (es-SHOLT-zee-uh) was named in honor of Dr. Johann Friedrich Gustav von Eschscholtz, a 19th-century Estonian surgeon and botanist. Eschscholzia californica (California poppy) is a west coast native that, according to the New York Flora Atlas, although it has been collected since 1824, is not known to naturalize in New York State.
Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Papaveroideae — Eschscholtzieae — Eschscholzia :
| Genus Eschscholzia | California-poppy | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Eschscholzia californica Cham. ssp. californica1820. Eschscholzia californica  Cham. 1903. Eschscholzia procera  Greene | California poppy | Introduced, N. America native, Uncertain naturalization | | NYFA: X NYFA: 6 counties iNat GBIF 10 counties | USDA-NX Go Botany Images Wikispecies |

### Subfamily Fumarioideae
#### Tribe Fumarieae
##### Subtribe Corydalineae
###### Dicentra

Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Fumarioideae — Corydaleae — Dicentra :
| Genus Dicentra | Bleeding-heart | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Dicentra canadensis (Goldie) Walp.1822. Corydalis canadensis  Goldie 1842. Dicentra canadensis  (Goldie) Walp. 1892. Bicuculla canadensis  (Goldie) Millsp. | Squirrel-corn, Turkey-cornDicentre du Canada | Native, Secure | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Dicentra cucullaria (L.) Bernh.1753. Fumaria cucullaria  L. 1806. Corydalis cucullaria  (L.) Pers. 1833. Dicentra cucullaria  (L.) Bernh. 1892. Bicuculla cucullaria  (L.) Millsp. 1912. Dicentra occidentalis  (Rydb.) Fedde | Dutchman's breeches, Turkey-corn, Dicentre à capuchon | Native, Secure | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Dicentra eximia (Ker Gawl.) Torr.1815. Fumaria eximia  Ker Gawl. 1843. Dicentra eximia  (Ker Gawl.) Torr. | Wild bleeding-heart, Eastern bleeding-heart, Turkey corn, Staggerweed | Introduced, N. America native | NYFA: X | USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Dicentra formosa (Andrews) Walp.1842. Dicentra formosa (Andrews) Walp. | Westerm bleeding-heart ⓘ Pacific bleeding heart ⓘ | Introduced, N. America native | NYFA: 0 | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |

###### Lamprocapnos

* Lamprocapnos spectabilisShowy bleeding heart is widely planted but rarely naturalizes.
Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Fumarioideae — Fumarieae — Corydalineae — Lamprocapnos :
| Genus Lamprocapnos | Bleeding-heart | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Lamprocapnos spectabilis (L.) Fukuhara1753. Fumaria spectabilis  L. 1831. Diclytra spectabilis  (L.) DC. 1847. Dicentra spectabilis  (L.) Lem. 1997. Lamprocapnos spectabilis  (L.) Fukuhara | Bleeding-heart, Asian bleeding-heart, Common bleedinghearts | Introduced from  temperate Asia | | NYFA: X iNat | USDA- POWO Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |

###### Adlumia

* Adlumia fungosa Allegheny vine
Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Fumarioideae — Fumarieae — Corydalineae — Adlumia :
| Genus Adlumia | Adlumia | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | 1 NPT |
| Adlumia fungosa (Aiton) Greene ex Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.1789. Fumaria fungosa  Aiton 1803. Fumaria recta  Michx. 1808. Fumaria cirrhosa  Raf. 1888. Adlumia fungosa  Greene ex BSP 1891. Bicuculla fungosa  Kuntze | Allegheny vine, Climbing fumitory, Mountain-fringe, Woodfringe, Canary vineAdlumie fongueuse | Native, Likely secure | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies |

###### Capnoides

* Capnoides sempervirens rock harlequin, pink corydalis
Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Fumarioideae — Fumarieae — Corydalineae — Capnoides :
| Genus Capnoides | Harlequin | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Capnoides sempervirens (L.) Borkh.1753. Fumaria sempervirens  L. 1797. Capnoides sempervirens  Borkh. 1806. Corydalis sempervirens  Pers. 1813. Corydalis glauca  Pursh | Pink corydalis, Pale corydalis, Rock harlequin, Harlequin-flower | Native, Likely secure | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies |

###### Corydalis

Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Fumarioideae — Fumarieae — Corydalineae — Corydalis :
| Genus Corydalis | Fumewort | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Corydalis flavula (Raf.) DC.1808. Fumaria flavula  Raf. 1824. Corydalis flavula  (Raf.) DC. 1891. Capnoides flavula  (Raf.) Kuntze | Yellow corydalis, Yellow fumewort | Native, CoC: 7, Vulnerable | | NYFA: 3 | USDA-NN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Corydalis aurea Willd. ssp. aurea1809. Corydalis aurea  var. aurea | Golden corydalis, Scrambled eggs | Native, CoC: 9, Threatened | | NYFA: 2 | USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |
| Corydalis incisa (Thunb.) Pers.1806. Corydalis incisa  (Thunb.) Pers. | Purple keman | Introduced, Rare | | NYFA: X | USDA-00 Images Wikispecies |
| Corydalis solida (L.) Clairv.1811. Corydalis solida (L.) Clairv. | Spring corydalis, Bird-in-a-bush | Introduced, Naturalized,  Invasive.org: | | NYFA: Xn NYFA: Dutchess (2015) iNat GBIF 16 counties | USDA-XX Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Corydalis (excluded taxa) | Fumewort | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Corydalis capnoides (L.) Pers.1753. Fumaria capnoides  L. 1768. Fumaria alba  Mill. 1790. Neckeria capnoides  (L.) Neck. 1797. Pseudofumaria capnoides  (L.) Borkh. 1806. Corydalis capnoides  (L.) Pers. 1823. Corydalis gebleri  Ledeb. 1831. Corydalis ochroleuca  W.D.J.Koch 1841. Capnoides albida  Bernh. ex Steud. 1939. Corydalis alba  (Mill.) Mansf. 1986. Pseudofumaria alba  (Mill.) Lidén | Pale corydalis | Introduced, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-EXCLD ARS-GRIN Tropicos IPN Images Wikispecies |

##### Subtribe Fumariineae
###### Fumaria

* Fumaria officinalisCommon Fumitory
Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Fumarioideae — Fumariineae — Fumaria :
| Genus Fumaria | Fumitory | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Fumaria officinalis L.1753. Fumaria officinalis  L. | Common Fumitory, Drug fumitory, Earth smoke, Wax dollsFumeterre officinal | Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa, Naturalized, SNA, G5 | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Fumaria (excluded taxa) | Fumitory | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Fumaria capreolata L.1753. Fumaria capreolata  L. 1907. Fumaria officinalis  var. capreolata  (L.) Ewart | White ramping fumitory, Climbing fumitory | Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa, N.Y. excluded | | excluded NYFA-Excluded | USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Fumaria parviflora Lam.1788. Fumaria parviflora  Lam. | Fine-leaf fumitory, Small-flower fumitory, Indian fumitory | Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa, N.Y. excluded Annual, Herb-forb | | excluded NYFA-Excluded | USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |

###### Pseudofumaria

* Pseudofumaria luteaRock fumewort
Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Fumarioideae — Fumariineae — Pseudofumaria :
| Genus Pseudofumaria | Rock fumitory | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Pseudofumaria lutea (L.) Borkh.1771. Fumaria lutea  L. 1790. Capnoides luteum  Gaertn. 1797. Pseudofumaria lutea  Borkh. 1805. Corydalis lutea  DC. | Rock fumewort, Yellow corydalis, Rock corydalis, Rock fumitory | Introduced, Not naturalized | | Chemung, Dutchess, Suffolk NYFA: X | USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |