# Development Cooperation Handbook/Cooperation and Communication
### Redefining communication

"Communication" from the Latin "communicare" literally means "to make common".
Most dictionaries define "communication" as "transmitting information" or "expressing ideas". Communication theorists prefer the term "exchange" to the term "transmitting" because they say that communication requires a two way process of transmitting and receiving; they also indicate that we do not communicate only through words but also through the tone of our voices, the body postures, etc. So, the most widely accepted definition of communication is the "exchange of information, ideas, or feelings".
However, this is still a poor definition. Communication is more than the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, by speech, visuals, signals, writing, or behavior. Communication is more than exchange. Communication is "sharing". It is "making common". Communication is what enables cooperation.
The business dictionary defines communication as "Two-way process of reaching mutual understanding, in which participants not only exchange (encode-decode) information, news, ideas and feelings but also create and share meaning. In business, it is a key function of management-- an organization cannot operate without communication among levels, departments and employees.". This is a much better definition because it indicates that we really have communication when "it works" - otherwise we have "mis-communication". Communication works when a group of "I"s accept to identify themselves as a "we".
Communication is not exchanging pre-fabricated notions: it is a new creation. And all communication counterparts need to participate and contribute to this creation. Communication produces new knowledge that none of the communicators had beforehand. Communication breaks the solitude and isolation of people, enables "participation" and builds a sense of "community". Perhaps this communion is short and does not have tangible consequences on people's lives: it may be just a flash. But still, it would be a flash of understanding, that leaves the persons a bit more joyful. Perhaps the communication partners will never meet again; but they would still remain with their humanity a bit (or a lot) enriched.
This is not the kind of experience that we normally have while reading posters or listening to airport loudspeakers! Nor when we read newspapers or see TV programmes (which are generally more elaborated versions of the same kind of top-down relationship from the "communicator" to the "public"). It is the kind of experience that we sometimes have reading a poem, accepting hospitality when we travel, joining a prayer, etc. It is an experience of communion.

### Development communication

When we communicate, we propose a modality of human relationship. In the development cooperation environment, "to communicate" is to "build agreement" on how to achieve common objectives and how to reciprocally support and empower action partners. Sincerity and authenticity of communication are therefore the main drivers of successful development cooperation actions.
So development communication is not, as it has been defined, the "use of communication to promote social development". This concept insists on a vision of trying to "convince" the others or, worst, trying to "change" the others. But in true communication, there are no "others", there is only "we", we who need to learn how to cooperate, we who need to learn how to learn from each other. Through communication we may "change", but it would be the realization of what was already there in us as potency and that gets actualized through a process of reciprocal empowerment. Development communication is, thus, successful when it enables a participatory approach to development.
Propaganda, seduction and other rhetorical modes will tend to be counterproductive in development cooperation, because they will express the desire of manipulating counterparts.
Open, sincere and reciprocally enabling communication will instead build trust, as it will reveal the intention of enabling reciprocal knowledge and common synergy.

## Subsections of this chapter

* The difference between "communication" and "information"
* The relational content of communication
* The Social Games
* The three major varieties of communication: propaganda, information, education
* The efficacy of communication dependent upon only one of its mode: either seducing or objective, or self-revealing
* The communication climate in Organizations and Teams

## See also

Issues 9 ⇒ Media and the international communication climate
In the documentary story ⇒ The real project challenges
In the documentary story ⇒ How to bypass the communication diaphragms?
In other sections of this handbook
* Communication Management
** Communication Planning
*** Identify communication stakeholders
*** Analyse the communication needs of each stakeholder
*** Identify the information for fulfilling the information needs of each stakeholder
*** Identify the Method and the Effort Required
*** Prioritize the Communication Options
*** Develop a Conflict Management Strategy
** Project information distribution
* Communication Skills
** Listening and Feedback
** Addressing misunderstanding
** Development Cooperation Handbook/Communication Skills/Asking questions
** Do not be judgmental, lest…
** Encouraging Openness
** Communicating Credibility
** Building a Climate of Trust
** Behaviors that Endanger Trust
** Factors that may block the flow of information
** How to present an idea
* Knowledge Management
** What is Knowledge management?
** Capitalize and utilize knowledge
** Training and Knowledge Management
** Training as a Communication Strategy
On other Wikibooks
    Communication Theory
    Communication Course
On Wikipedia
    Communication
    Development communication
Other resources
    Communication theory