OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Wine/Storage

Proper wine storage is a very important thing. When one typically purchases large quantities of assorted wines, it is natural that among all other reasons, future consumption is the key. Proper wine storage can lead to a great many years of future enjoyment. Wine storage also provides time for immature vintages to develop into something special. Correct wine storage provides the wine lover the ability to collect and store large qualities of there favorite wines to be enjoyed for years to come.
When considering a large investment in wine, the wine lover must consider the method in which he stores his wine. Improper storage can damage wine and thus diminish the possibility of enjoyment.
Chiefly, the purchaser will consider where he will store his or her wine. Here, he has options. Either he might store it at home or hire an outside service to store the wine for him. The wine lover must protect the wine from the elements.
While 90% of all wine is meant to be consumed within one year, a true connoisseur and collector may wish to consider an additional investment in a wine cellar. Significant thought and planning should go into this process. These are the things that should be considered in this process.
The location of the wine cellar is very important. When underground, it is best that it’s a room that is facing to the north. This is necessary as this wall receives the minimum amount of solar radiation during the day thus causing less retention of heat. The northern part of the perimeter of this room must not be adjacent to a road nor railway and made of stone or brick. The wine cellar must not be subject to unnecessary movement or vibrations. Vibrations can disturb and damage wine.
The wine ideally, must be stored at temperatures between 10°-14° Celsius. The wine must be kept cool. This is done by keeping the wine underground and minimizing exposure to solar radiation.
Humidity must be controlled in order to keep the cork moist and functioning. A functioning cork maintains the integrity of the wine. The humidity should be between 70-75%. This level of humidity would cause mold to form in a normal house.
A floor of earth or sand is important, as this also helps to reduce the level of vibrations in the room.
Lastly, the lighting must originate from unscented candles. Neon or fluorescent lighting cannot be considered as they kill wine. The candles used must be unscented as a scented candle will foul the wine. Once these 5 considerations are undertaken, a new problem emerges. That is, what to stock the wine cellar with. While this question is beyond the scope of this paper, it is sincerely wished that everyone stock their cellars with all sorts of wine that they enjoy. This is certainly the intention of the entire effort.
# MATLAB Programming/Phase Vocoder and Encoder

The following phase vocoder and its corresponding spectral encoding routine was written for a MATLAB clone compiler, and it might work in GNU Octave. For background information, please consult:
* Phase vocoder on the English Wikipedia;
* Laroche, J. and Dolson, M. (1999) "Improved Phase Vocoder Time-Scale Modification of Audio" IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing 7(3):323-32;
* Miller Puckette (1995) "Phase-locked Vocoder" [PostScript file] Proc. IEEE ASSP Conf. on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics (Mohonk, New York: 1995) — pioneered phase coherence propagation by phase-locking adjacent spectral bins and frames during resynthesis;
* Axel Röbel (2003) "A new Approach to Transient Processing in the Phase Vocoder" Proc. 6th Int'l Conf. on Digital Audio Effects (London: Sept. 8-11, 2003); and
* MATLAB Programming wikibook, where this code is given as an example.

## Source code

The following code, comments, and related commentary are hereby released by the author into the public domain, or if that is not possible, permission is granted for everyone to use this material for any purpose.
Here is the corresponding encoder:
# Bicycles/Maintenance and Repair/Chains/Mending a broken chain

Chapters: 01. Introduction 02. What Style of Riding is for Me 03. Equipment and Accessories
04. Riding tips and safety tips 05. Guide to safety 06. Maintenance and repair 07. Modifications External Links

## Mending a broken chain

Newer, narrower chains and wider chains for single speed or three speed bicycles often have special links for removing the chain, but the chain tool is still needed to remove excess links when replacing chains.
A chain tool can be used to push out the rivet which joins the plates of the chain together. Many chain tools have two positions the chain will fit- make sure the plate furthest from the extractor pin is supported by the tool. Once this is done the chain can be replaced or re-assembled as a shorter chain. Most chains will have enough slack to allow removal of a few links without making the chain too short.
Avoid pushing the rivet all the way out, it should remain lodged in one of the outer plates. A small portion of the rivet left protruding on the inside of the plate can hold the chain together during reinstallation. Use the same position in the chain tool, with the chain plate furthest from the chain tool's pin supported, and push the rivet back into place. After reinstallation, the link will usually be too stiff- leading to chain skip unless loosened. The other position in two-position chain tools, with the closer plate supported by the tool, is used for loosening tight links. Force the side of the rivet that protrudes more into the link to loosen the link. Alternatively, grasping the chain on both sides of the tight link and flexing the chain in and out will loosen the link.

## Note

Although they're made of metal, chains seem to "stretch" as the links wear. This will cause them to not engage on the gears properly (they will hook on to the middle or top of the tooth, instead of the bottom of the groove). This will also cause the gear teeth to wear down.
To test for excessive wear on a chain, open a link and remove the chain. Then try to flex the chain sideways, in the direction it is not supposed to bend. If you can make anything more than a 1/8 arc (for example, if you can make a half circle or if you can touch the ends), then your chain is worn and should be replaced. Alternatively, measure a straight section of chain under slight tension. Standard links of chain measure one inch when new- if 11 links of chain measure 11 1/8" (283 mm) or more the chain should be replaced.
If you only replace the chain and not the gears, the chain may skip. For this reason, it is best to replace both at the same time (the front gears are not as affected by this because they are bigger and the chain doesn't pass over each tooth as many times). Replacing the chain more often, when 11 links measure 11 1/16" (281 mm), will allow the gears to be reused .

## Avoiding Chain Wear

To prevent such wear, avoid using gear combinations that stretch the chain diagonally.
Also change gears only when you are turning the pedals. Remember to gear down when coming to a stop.
# Bartending/Cocktails/Lychee Martini

The Lychee Martini is a cocktail made of Lychee Liqueur (such as Lichido or Soho), Vodka and a dash of Lime Juice. To make it less strong and more fruity, you may add lychee juice to the recipe. The ideal garnish for this cocktail is a single pitted lychee nut. But most anything will do. And it tastes great!
# Biblical Studies/Christianity/Christian music

Audio
    An instrumental representation of the slave ship origins (1779) of this famous hymn by the Englishman, John Newton (1725-1807).

## For further reading

* Writing Effective Praise & Worship Songs
* Music Theory/Hymn
# Reaktor

Reaktor is a proprietary software modular synthesiser and effects processor developed by Native Instruments. It allows musicians and engineers to design and build their own instruments, samplers, effects, and sound design tools. Reaktor comes with a collection of predefined but editable instruments and effects, from emulations of classic synthesizers to futuristic sound design tools. In addition, more than 3000 free instruments can be downloaded from the growing User Library. About this book.

## New

* Reaktor as effects processor

## Tutorials

* Tip of the day
* Tutorials

## Reference

* Module Reference - Information on individual modules
       Panel, MIDI In, MIDI Out, Math, Signal Path, Oscillator, Sampler, Sequencer, LFO, Envelope, Filter, Delay, Audio Modifier, Event Processing, Auxiliary, Terminal
* Synthesis
       Subtractive, FM, Additive, Wavetable, Granular, Physical modelling
* Core Technology - DSP Programming inside Reaktor
* Reaktor as a plug-in in VST hosts
       Cubase, Sonar, Live, Protools

## Hardware

* Hardware
* Computers
* Controllers
* Soundcards

## Ensembles

* Best ensembles
* Ensembles Dissected

## Projects

* Beat Mashery

## Varia

* History of Reaktor
* Comparable Products
* Reaktor 6 Wish List
* Bands and Artists who use Reaktor
* Varia - a collection of things that don't fit anywhere else yet
* Links
# Engineering Analysis of Biological Systems/Preface

This online book will be a useful resource of topics that are important for biological systems engineers and biological technologists. It is a compilation of a variety of topics - many of which biological engineers and technologists should understand. Biological systems are diverse. They include plants, animals, and microbes, and range from grain, to food, to feed, to fuel, and other biological materials. Key tools include mathematics, physics, chemistry, and, of course, biology. Many other topics and applications are important as well, and we will try to compile as many as possible. If you have topics which should be included, please contact me at karosent@iastate.edu.
# Mongolian/Lesson One

| Mongolian Vocabulary • Lesson One Сайн байн уу? Hello! |
| English | Монгол | Pronunciation |
| Hello | Сайн байн уу? | Sain baina u |
| Good morning! | Өглөөний мэнд! | Oglooni mend |
| Good day! | Өдрийн мэнд! | Odrin mend |
| Good evening! | Оройн мэнд! | Oroin mend |
| Good night! | Сайхан амраарай! | Saihan amraarai |
| See you later! | Дараа уулзъя! | Daraa oulzay |
| Thank you | Баярлалаа | Bayarlalaa |
| Goodbye! | Баяртай! | Bayartai |
| What's up? | Юу байна! or Сонин юутай! | Yu baina! or Sonin yutai! |
# Sonic Heroes
## Intro

Sonic Heroes is a 3D platforming game. The game was first released in 2003. Released for GameCube, PlayStation 2, and Xbox video game consoles, the game could also be played on personal computers running Microsoft Windows. The game is known for its unique team mechanic, which focuses on teams of 3 characters clearing the game.

## Table of Contents

* Teams
** Team Sonic
** Team Dark
** Team Rose
** Team Chaotix
* Walkthrough
* Enemies
* Other Characters
# Character Encodings/Code Tables/MS-DOS/Code page 855

Code page 855 (CCSID 855) (also known as CP 855, IBM 00855, OEM 855, MS-DOS Cyrillic) is a code page used under DOS to write Cyrillic script.
Code page 872 (CCSID 872) is the euro currency update of code page/CCSID 855. Byte CF replaces ¤ with € in that code page.
It supports the repertoires of ISO-8859-5 and ISO-IR-111 (in a different arrangement), in addition to preserving the semigraphics and box-drawing characters and guillemets from code page 850.
At one time it was widely used in Serbia, Macedonia and Bulgaria, but it never caught on in Russia, where code page 866 was more common. This code page is not used much.

## Character set

The following table shows code page 855. Each character is shown with its equivalent Unicode code point. Only the second half is shown; the first half (code points 0x00–0x7F) is the same as code page 437.
Code page 855 :
| | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F |
| 8x | ђ | Ђ | ѓ | Ѓ | ё | Ё | є | Є | ѕ | Ѕ | і | І | ї | Ї | ј | Ј |
| 9x | љ | Љ | њ | Њ | ћ | Ћ | ќ | Ќ | ў | Ў | џ | Џ | ю | Ю | ъ | Ъ |
| Ax | а | А | б | Б | ц | Ц | д | Д | е | Е | ф | Ф | г | Г | « | » |
| Bx | ░ | ▒ | ▓ | │ | ┤ | х | Х | и | И | ╣ | ║ | ╗ | ╝ | й | Й | ┐ |
| Cx | └ | ┴ | ┬ | ├ | ─ | ┼ | к | К | ╚ | ╔ | ╩ | ╦ | ╠ | ═ | ╬ | ¤ |
| Dx | л | Л | м | М | н | Н | о | О | п | ┘ | ┌ | █ | ▄ | П | я | ▀ |
| Ex | Я | р | Р | с | С | т | Т | у | У | ж | Ж | в | В | ь | Ь | № |
| Fx | SHY | ы | Ы | з | З | ш | Ш | э | Э | щ | Щ | ч | Ч | § | ■ | NBSP |

## References

* ↑ "Code Page 855 MS-DOS Cyrillic". Developing International Software. Microsoft. 6 February 2008. Retrieved 3 Nov 2011.
* ↑ "CCSID 855 information document". Archived from the original on 2016-03-27.
* ↑ "CCSID 872 information document". Archived from the original on 2016-03-27.
* ↑ Code Page CPGID 00872 (pdf) (PDF), IBM
* ↑ Code Page CPGID 00872 (txt), IBM
* ↑ "OEM 855". Go Global Developer Center. Microsoft. Retrieved 11 Oct 2011.
* ↑ "cp855_DOSCyrillic to Unicode table" (TXT). The Unicode Consortium. Retrieved 13 Nov 2011.
* ↑ Code Page CPGID 00855 (pdf) (PDF), IBM
* ↑ Code Page CPGID 00855 (txt), IBM
* ↑ International Components for Unicode (ICU), ibm-855_P100-1995.ucm, 2002-12-03
# Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels

    This guide was imported from StrategyWiki, and the images are yet to be added.
Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels is a sequel to the original Super Mario Bros., and it was originally released for the Famicom Disk System on June 3, 1986, exclusively in Japan, and was titled Super Mario Bros. 2. The game is very similar to its predecessor, both graphically and in terms of gameplay (the controls are essentially identical.) Unlike Super Mario Bros., it does not have a two-player mode (the player must choose to play as either Mario or Luigi). It contains one new enemy, backward Warp Zones, wind, and Poison Mushrooms. It is also the first game in which Luigi has a higher jump than Mario.
Because of its high difficulty and similarity to the original Super Mario Bros., the original game was not released for the Nintendo Entertainment System in America. For this reason, Nintendo released a different game, also titled Super Mario Bros. 2, outside Japan, and would come to be officially titled Super Mario USA in Japan. It was not until 1993 until the game released outside of Japan, for the Super Nintendo compilation title, Super Mario All-Stars, which is where it earned its overseas title, Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels. In Super Mario Bros. Deluxe, the game was featured as an unlockable mode that could be accessed by beating Luigi's high score, and was referred to as Super Mario Bros. for Super Players. However, it could only make use of one save file. The original Famicom Disk System version was re-released for the Game Boy Advance, exclusively in Japan, as part of the Famicom Mini series. This version was first made available overseas when it was released for the Wii's Virtual Console in 2007 and later for both the Nintendo 3DS's and Wii U's Virtual Console services as well.

## Table of contents
### Walkthrough

* World 1
* World 2
* World 3
* World 4
* World 5
* World 6
* World 7
* World 8
* World 9
* World A
* World B
* World C
* World D

### Miscellaneous

* Coin Rooms, Heavens, & Warp Zones
* Advanced Techniques
# Character Encodings/Code Tables/MS-DOS

* Code page 112
* Code page 113
* Code page 161
* Code page 162
* Code page 163
* Code page 164
* Code page 190 is identical to Code Page 437.
* Code page 210 is identical to Code Page 737 (which also has an old version).
* Code page 220
* Code page 668
* Code page 708
* Code page 720
* Code page 770
* Code page 773
* Code page 775
* Code page 776
* Code page 777
* Code page 778
* Code page 851
* Code page 852
* Code page 853
* Code page 855
* Code page 856
* Code page 857
* Code page 859
* Code page 860
* Code page 876
* Code page 877
* Code page 898
* Code page 906
* Code page 972
* Code page 1034
* Code page 1044
* Code page 1108
* Code page 1109
* Code page 3846

## Code Pages with FreeDOS numbers

* Code page 58152
* Code page 58210
* Code page 58335
* Code page 59234
* Code page 59829
* Code page 60258
* Code page 60853
* Code page 62306

## User-defined FreeDOS Code Pages

* Code page 30000
* Code page 30001
* Code page 30002
* Code page 30003
* Code page 30004
* Code page 30005
* Code page 30006 is VISCII.
* Code page 30007
* Code page 30008
* Code page 30009
* Code page 30010
* Code page 30011
* Code page 30012
* Code page 30013
* Code page 30014
* Code page 30015
* Code page 30016
* Code page 30017
* Code page 30018
* Code page 30019
* Code page 30020
* Code page 30021
* Code page 30022
* Code page 30023
* Code page 30024
* Code page 30025
* Code page 30026
* Code page 30027
* Code page 30028
* Code page 30029
* Code page 30030
* Code page 30031
* Code page 30032
* Code page 30033
* Code page 30034
* Code page 30039= 1125 with Hryvnia
* Code page 30040= 866 with Hryvnia
# Introduction to Oceanography/The World Ocean

Approximately 71% of Earth's surface is covered by water. This covering is called the hydrosphere and consists mostly of five principal oceans: the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic.
* Pacific Ocean
* Atlantic Ocean
* Indian Ocean
* Southern Ocean
* Arctic Ocean
# Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. c4/2...c6/3. Nc3/3...dxc4/4. e3
## 4.e3

This is considered to be the best move as white:
* Keeps the e4-square free for the c3-knight to retreat to incase of a b7-b5-b4 advance.
* Gains control of the center with pawns on e3 and d4.
* Prepares to capture the c4 pawn with Bxc4.
Black should prevent the capture of the c-pawn with 4...b5. This also sets a deep trap for white. This usually leads to very complicated variations on the queenside where white attempts to undermine Black's defence of the c-pawn with moves like a4. If white can successfully recapture the pawn, white is better.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. Nc3 dxc4 4. e3
| | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | Eval. |
| Slav Defence | e3 b5 | a4 b4 | Ne4 Qd5 | Nd2 c3 | bxc3 bxc3 | Nb1 Qa5 | +/= |
| | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | Ng3 Nf6 | Be2 g6 | Nf3 O-O | = |
# Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. c4/2...c6/3. Nc3/3...dxc4
## 3...dxc4

This move captures the gambit pawn. Since White's Knight on c3 is exposed to attacks by Black's b-pawn, black can often safely over-extend with moves like a6 and b5 to keep ahold of the c-pawn in this line. This move is lesser seen than the main line 3. Nf6. From here, white has several replies:
* e4 - The most common reply, White gains a significant space advantage in the center but White's c3 knight loses access to e4 as a retreating square.
* e3 - Slightly less common, White still advances in the center, but keeps the e4 square open for the c3 knight to retreat to.
* a4 - Uncommon, white prevents Black's ...b5, but allows black to fight in the center with e5. Black tends to do well in this variation.
* Nf3 - Uncommon, white focuses on development with their g1 knight.
There is a trap following 4.e3 b5, where the move 5. Nxb5?, trying to exploit the h1-a8 diagonal is a mistake which gives black the advantage after 5...cxb5 6.Qf3 Qc7! 7.Qxa8 Bb7 as white has to sacrifice material in order to avoid black winning the Queen.

## Theory table

1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3.Nc3 dxc4
| 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Eval |
| e3 b5 | a4 b4 | Ne4 Qd5 | Nd2 c3 | bxc3 bxc3 | +/= |
| ... ... | Nxb5? cxb5 | Qf3 Qc7 | Qxa8 Bb7 | Qxa7 e5 | -/+ |
| e4 b5 | a4 b4 | Nb1 Ba6 | Qc2 Qxd4 | Nf3 Qb6 | = |
| ... ... | ... ... | Na2 Nf6 | e5 Nd5 | Bxc4 e6 | = |
| ... ... | ... ... | Nce2 e6 | Nf3 Ba6 | Bf4 Nf6 | = |
| a4 e5 | dxe5 Qxd1+ | Kxd1 Be6 | e4 Na6 | f4 Rd8+ | = |
| Nf3 b5 | a4 b4 | Ne4 Nf6 | Nxf6+ exf6 | e4 Qe7 | = |
# Algorithm Implementation/Search/Binary search
## Ada

The following Ada implementation used a generic approach to enable searches on arbitrary data.

## C++

The following is a recursive binary search in C++, designed to take advantage of the C++ STL vectors.
A small test suite for the above binary search implementation:

## C++ (generic w/ templates)

Here is a more generic iterative binary search using the concept of iterators:

## C++ (common Algorithm)

A common binary search Algorithm with its pseudocode:

## C# (common Algorithm)

A common binary search Algorithm:

## Java

Binary Search implementation in Java. The algorithm is implemented recursively.
Joshua Bloch wrote the binary search in "java.util.Arrays", so perhaps he knows a thing or two about binary searching in Java.
Test class for a BinarySearch class. Note: Array must be sorted before binary search.

## JavaScript

JavaScript binary search algorithm with loop:
JavaScript binary search algorithm implemented on all Array objects using prototype chaining.
Example:

## Phix

Note this is available as a builtin

## PHP

Working PHP binary search code. Note that this code is extremely inefficient because of the use of array_slice.
Here is a better version from the PHP documentation

## Ruby

Example:

## Further reading

* ↑ Joshua Bloch. "Extra, Extra - Read All About It: Nearly All Binary Searches and Mergesorts are Broken" 2006.
# Kannada
## Table of Contents

* Introduction
* Alphabet

### Chapters

* Greetings
* Talking about oneself
* Asking questions
* Liking and disliking
* Food and Drink
* Numbers
* Shopping
* Staying at hotels
* Housing
* Letters
* Traveling
* Staying well
* Emergencies
* Zodiac Signs

### Grammar

* Sentence Formation
* Noun
* Pronoun
* Verb
* Adjective
* Adverb
* Postpositions
* Auxiliaries

### Vocabulary

* Animals
* Birds
* Body parts
* Colors
* Days and Months
* Directions
* Dressing
* Flowers
* Foods
* Food Grains
* Fruits
* Household objects
* Music and dance
* Plants and trees
* Family relations
* Stationary
* Tools
* Vegetables

### Appendix

* Appendix A: Common phrases
* External references
* Learn spoken kannada online
# Opticks Developer Guide

Opticks is an open source, remote sensing application. Using Opticks you can create products from satellite and airborne imagery, video (motion imagery), Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), multispectral, and hyperspectral data. Opticks is also a developer framework, empowering software developers to extend its functionality. This guide helps C++ developers build capability for Opticks.
This developer guide is divided into five sections. The first section gives a general overview of features of the Opticks remote sensing development framework. The second section helps developers get started. This section describes how to download Opticks and get the necessary components to start developing with Opticks. The third section give an overview of Opticks development concepts and terminology. The fourth section describes how to setup your build environment, and the last section describes how to get started building the sample plug-ins.
* Overview
* Introduction
* Getting Started
* Concepts
* Configuring Your Build Environment
* Sample Plug-ins
* Plug-In Types
# Pokémon Trading Card Game/Trainer Cards

A core piece of the Pokémon Trading card game are Trainer Cards. Allowing a player to get an advantage, and allowing actions such as looking through the deck, healing damage of a Pokémon, and occasionally hindering the opponent. As of the Scarlet and Violet set, there are a total of four types of Trainer Cards: Items, Supporters, Stadiums, and Pokémon Tools.
# Urdu/Vocabulary/Days of the Week

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

## Days of Week

| English | Roman Urdu | Urdu |
| Monday | Peer | پیر |
| Tuesday | Mangal | منگل |
| Wednesday | Budh | بدھ |
| Thursday | Jumayraat | جمعرات |
| Friday | Jummah | جمعه |
| Saturday | Thawar ,hafta | ہفتہ |
| Sunday | Itwaar | اتوار |
| English | Urdu | Roman |
| Today | آج | āj |
| Yesterday/Tomorrow (depends on context/tense) | کل | kal |
| Day after tomorrow | پرسوں | parsoN |
| Day after day after tomorrow, the third day past today | ترسوں | tarsoN |
| Week | ہفتہ | hafta |
| This week | اس ہفتے | is hafte |
| Month | مہینہ | mahīnah |
| First day of the month | یکم | yakam |
| Year | سال | sāl |