OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# French Defence: Tarrasch Variation
### 3...c5
## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Nd2 c5
| | 4 |
| Euwe–Keres Line | ... Ngf3 | = |
| | ... exd5 | = |
Black's best chance for equality is to strike at d4 since the White queen's defense has been blocked. Play can be similar to the Alapin Sicilian.
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.

## References

* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
* This Chess related article is a stub. Please assist Wikibooks by expanding it.
# French Defence - Advance Variation

White gains some space advantage immediately, and prevents Black from developing their king's knight to its most natural square f6.
Because Black's position is somewhat cramped at the moment, they usually decide to undermine White's pawn chain on d4/e5, which hinders Black from developing the pieces of their kingside to good squares. This is typically done by attacking the base of White's pawn chain - d4 - by playing 3...c5.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.e5
| | 3 |
| 1 | e5 c5 | = |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.

## References

* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# French Defence: Advance Variation

Here, after White's 4. c3, Black usually decides to increase the pressure on White's center pawns (d4/e5) by playing 4...Nc6.
Another plausible plan for Black is 4...Qb6, which also increases the pressure on d4, and allows the manoeuver 5...Bd7 followed by 6...Bb5. The idea is to trade Black's 'bad' bishop for White's 'good' bishop.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.e5 c5 4.c3
| | 4 | 5 |
| Main Line | (c3) Nc6 | Nf3 Qb6 | = |
| Wade variation | (c3) Qb6 | Nf3 Bd7 | = |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.

## References

* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# Chrono Trigger/Walkthrough/Chapter 2

Chapter 2: The Queen Returns (600 A.D. first time)

## Main Walkthrough

After taking a bold trip into the unknown, you'll be ambushed by a set of blue imps. They should die with one hit even on low levels, and continue to the left to enter a mountain area with a couple chests. You'll get into one more mandatory fight, and you can fight a couple blue imps kicking a ball back and forth. This will probably be the first fighting you do in the game in these areas, so use tonics if you need them, and rest in the inn or at the castle to keep your health up.
One thing to keep in mind about monster fights in general is that virtually all of them are strictly optional. Meaning if you're fast, careful, or just take the time to avoid them you can skip most of the "random monster" battles most people associate with RPGs. If this is your first run through the game I'd recommend fighting all the regular monsters just to build some levels, but if this is a New Game + you can practice dodging all the monsters. One general tip that comes in handy is that if you stay perfectly still monsters won't bother you, you have to be moving to engage them in battle.
Walk around the town, and while you won't know the year at first, someone will soon inform you that it's the year 600 A.D. and Guardia is at war with the mystics. Whenever you're ready, head into Guardia forest, and make sure to get the power tab at the bottom right area. You can also explore one of the bushes to grab a shelter.
Explore Guardia castle if you like, you can restore your health in the knight's quarters to the west, or the kitchen to the east. Eventually you'll want to head north, talk to the king, and head to the north east to visit "the queen." You can talk to the chancellor before or after you visit the queen, he'll say slightly different things.
Anyway, head upstairs, and you'll find out that Queen Leene is actually Marle. She'll thank you for coming for her, then suddenly disappear. Lucca will show up and explain that Marle is actually princess Nadia, and that Leene is her ancestor. Leene was going to be rescued, but they called off the search now that Marle was found. The problem is if Leene is never rescued, Marle will cease to exist, so you and Lucca head off to rescue her. You can talk to a few people in the castle for clues or Toma in the bar. Make sure you grab the bronze mail in the king's room before you leave.

## Challenging Lavos

Impossible during this stage of the game since you have no access to a time gate.
Continue to Chapter 3: The Queen Is Gone (600 A.D. first time)
# Chrono Trigger/Walkthrough/Chapter 12

Chapter 12: The Rare Red Rock(65M B.C. first time)

## Dreamstone Dabbling

Head to the End of Time through the nearest time gate, you technically begin this chapter in Medina so that would be the closet in one of the houses. Remember to keep fighting Spekkio whenever Crono builds another 10 levels, because you won't have a chance for a while once this chapter begins. Gaspar will finally say something new when you go to the end of time, and tell you that Dreamstone is a prehistoric mineral you might be able to find in the prehistoric era oddly enough. Anyway, now's the time to check out the gate to 65M B.C. You could have gone before of course, but you wouldn't have been able to do much yet.
A lot of the monsters in this era are weak against lightning so if you have Lightning 2 you're golden, but if not you'll still be fine with the regular lightning spell. Don't worry about it if you don't have it, Chrono Trigger really isn't a game where it's worth your time to level up deliberately, you can always just repeat the game with a new game + and have more fun with it.
As soon as you take the portal into 65M B.C., you'll start out with a bunch of fights, so pick some party members with multi-enemy techs. Equip the rage band and the silver stud to be able to counterattack and make using spells easier. You'll fight two group of reptites, and Ayla will help you out, and introduce herself.
You can go in a few of the huts to talk to people if you want, or even check out the hunting range although you can't trade items yet, but eventually you'll want to go in the "Chief's Hut" and talk to Ayla to try to win some dreamstone. Talk to the party members you brought with you to the party, and wait until they stop moving around and you can compete with Ayla for the dreamstone. Apparently that jungle beat in 1000 A.D. is older than you'd thought. Do some button-mashing, and you'll wake up with the dreamstone... but without the gate key.

## Challenging Lavos

I think you may be able to get The Unknown Past Ending at this point, but I need to experiment more. In any case, this ending shows a few scenes from 65M B.C., since you haven't had the chance to go there yet if you beat the game at this point.
Continue to Chapter 13: Footsteps! Follow!(65M B.C. first time)
# Chrono Trigger/Walkthrough/Chapter 16

Chapter 16: Forward to the Past (65M B.C. second time)
You'll start this chapter in Ayla's hut and learn that the northern woods are burning. Head into the woods to find Laruba village, which the reptites burned in revenge for Ayla taking back the gate key. Ayla heads off to the Dactyl nest to find some dactyls to fly to Azala's lair. Check by the trading hut if you want to buy some new weapons, the best currently available. Go to the hunting range if you want to stock up on petals, fangs, horns, and feathers. Trading for Ruby Vests and Rock Helms would be particularly handy, and the weapons for everyone but Frog definitely help.
Before you move on, if you want to head back to the end of time there are actually a few things you can do in other time periods. If you go to 1000 A.D. with Marle you'll now be allowed inside the castle, and you can even visit your lawyer Pierre, plus there's a scene if you talk to the king. Your sentence will be suspended and the king will want to be rid of Marle. Pick up all the items at the castle, and after talking the Chancellor again you can buy some jerky for the king at the Snail Shop in Poore for 9900G and give it to him for another scene. You can also pick up the Taban Helm for Lucca in 1000 A.D., and everyone in 600 A.D. will thank you for defeating Magus; Frog in particular will be recognized at the castle. One other note is that if you go to Medina Village in the present the villagers will all worship a statue of Ozzie instead of Magus.
Enter the Dactyl Nest when you're ready. The monsters here shouldn't be that tough after Magus's castle, kill the rocks if you want to keep the apes from counterattacking, and finish off one rock at a time so they don't attack you once they wake up. Pick up the items along the way and when you reach the top you'll grab some Dactyls with Ayla and be in the next chapter.

## Challenging Lavos

If you go back and challenge Lavos at this point, you should get The Reptite Ending. You'll wake up at the start of the game where everyone is a reptite, including yourself. Presumably without your help Ayla wouldn't have been able to defeat the Black Tyrano on her own and Reptites would have ruled the past.
Continue to Chapter 17: Unnatural Selection (65M B.C. second time)
# Chrono Trigger/Walkthrough/Chapter 20

Chapter 20: The Guru on Mt. Woe (12,000 B.C. second time)

## Mt. Woe

You begin this chapter after fighting the mud imp and the two beasts, and when you can walk up the chain link to the Mountain of Woe. You can head back to the earthbound village to rest for free or to stock up on some more weapons, but head up the chain link when you're ready to move on. One general note for the Mountain of Woe is to make SURE you fight all of the rubbles. They offer a whopping 100 tech points a piece, and while they lock all your techniques and items, they're easy enough to kill if you just keep attacking, they only have 515 health. They don't reappear however, so make sure you get them all, and don't let them run away.
The first area has two rubbles, an exit to the west then north, and a Lode helm if you walk around the cliffs. In the next area, you'll fight three rubbles scattered about, run into a save point, cross a bridge to the northeast to find a Lode Vest, and climb a cliff and cross another bridge to exit to the east. In the next area you'll get some random items, fight a single rubble, and reach a save point before climbing further up the mountain. The last area is surprisingly empty, just pick up a Time Hat, and grab a magic tab in the bottom right corner before climbing the giant chain to face Giga Gaia.
Giga Gaia will do some nasty Fire and Shadow attacks with both hands, so equipping the red mail, red/ruby vest, black mail, or black vest may come in handy if you have them. I recommend having someone like Frog or Robo heal the party periodically. Attack with your best multi-enemy techs when the arms are both alive, such as Lightning 2, Fire 2, etc, and attack with your best single-enemy techs when only the head is alive. When the arms are revived they should be weaker than before so just a few techs should finish them off. After a couple rounds of defeating the arms, you can say goodbye to Giga Gaia and say helllooooo to Melchior. You'll escape to the Earthbound Village as the mountain collapses, and Schala and Janus will come to help you, only to be abducted by Dalton. Melchior will give you a Ruby Knife to help destroy the Mammon Machine. Don't bother buying any weapons before you head out, you'll be able to pick up some better ones in Kajar soon. Rest before you head out, and you'll be in the next chapter.

## Challenging Lavos

If you go back and challenge Lavos at this point, you should get The Prophet Ending. There will be a few scenes involving "the Prophet" from this period and particularly nice speech from him, hinting that he would have gotten the chance to do what he wanted without your interference.
Continue to Chapter 21: What Lies Beyond? (12,000 B.C. second time)
# Chrono Trigger/Walkthrough/Chapter 14

Chapter 14: The Masamune!(600 A.D. third time)

## Introduction

Now that you're back at the end of time, make sure to fight Spekkio if you've reached another level set, i.e. 1-9, 10-19, 20-29, etc. You'll actually have one stop before you go to 600 A.D., you'll need to go to Medina Village and give the sword to Melchior. If Lucca is in your party she'll help him reforge it, otherwise Robo will fill in. Once you have the Masamune in your possession, head back to the End of Time and warp to 600 A.D. to give the Masamune to Frog. Incidentally, at this point in the game Guardia forest is still unblocked and you still won't be able to go inside Guardia Castle, so there's not much else you can do in the present. Gaspar will also comment on the Masamune if you talk to him.
Head to the Cursed Woods to present the sword to Frog, and you'll witness a flashback explaining some of his past. He'll leave with you to go challenge Magus. One thing that is absolutely vital at this point is to take Frog back to the End of Time to learn magic from Spekkio. Without it, he'll only be able to use two techniques total, and you'll waste all the time he could be learning water spells. So, backtrack to the mountain range, take Frog to Spekkio, and come back once he knows water magic. If you try casting a spell with Frog in the party when he doesn't know magic he'll comment on it briefly.
Anyway, now that Frog's fortified with magic, head to the Magic Cave, which is to the east of Fiona's Villa in the middle ages. You'll witness more of Frog's history, and watch him cut open the rock. Head through the magic cave, fighting monsters as you go or avoiding them. Take note of the sealed chest, and the little bat following you. You'll exit the cave on an island near Magus's castle. Step up to the gate, and welcome to the next chapter.

## Challenging Lavos

There are actually two endings you can obtain in this chapter depending on whether you challenge Lavos before or after Frog joins your party.
If you challenge Lavos before Frog joins your party: you'll get the People of the Times Ending, basically a bunch of random scenes involving different times and places.
If you challenge Lavos after Frog joins your party: you'll get The Frog vs Magus Ending. Frog will duel it out with Magus and his henchmen without your help, and the two will finish things off with a battle at the top of the castle.
Continue to Chapter 15: Magus's Castle (600 A.D. third time)
# Communication Networks/Authors
## Authors of this book

* Anish Arkatkar : Started this book
* Kamlesh Kudchadkar : Introducing Wireless(802.11)Security for this course.
* Hardik Vaghela : Section on Data Link Layer (Error Control).
* Ketan Nawal : Section on Data Link Layer (Flow Control).
* Priyank Gandhi : Section on Data Link Layer (MAC).
* Satish Gavali : Section on HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
* Richard Bhuleskar : Section on Domain Name System (DNS).
* Gopal Paliwal : Section on Transport Control Protocol (TCP).
* Devarshi Vyas : Section on User Datagram Protocol (UDP).
* Yan Chen : Contributed content and reformatted the book into individual pages.

## Acknowledgments

This book was created by contributions from Computer Engineering students of San Jose State University, CMPE206 (Fall 2006).
# Communication Networks/Berkeley Socket API

It will be mentioned here, but also probably in every sub-chapter of this section that the intention of these chapters, much less of the entire book, that the purpose of this is not to teach network programming. What these chapters do aim to do is provide a fast and dirty listing of available functions, and demonstrate how they coincide with our previous discussions on networking. For further information on the subject, the reader is encouraged to check out networking concepts on the programming bookshelf.
This page is not designed to be an in-depth discussion of C socket programming. Instead, this page would like to be a quick-and-dirty overview of C, in the interests of reinforcing some of the networking concepts discussed earlier.

## C and Unix

This section will (briefly) discuss how to program socket applications using the C programming language in a UNIX environment. The next section will then discuss the differences between socket programming under Windows, and will explain how to port socket code from UNIX to Windows platforms.

## C and Windows (Winsock)

Programming sockets in Windows is nearly identical to programming sockets in UNIX, except that windows requires a few different additions:
* Use <Winsock.h>
* Link to ws2_32.dll
* Initialize Winsock with WSAStartup( )
The first 2 points are self-explanatory, and are actually dependent on your compiler, which we will not go into here. However, the 3rd point needs a little explaining. We need to initialize winsock before we can use any of the socket functions (or else they will all return errors). To initialize, we must create a new data object, and pass it to the initialization routine:
And we must pass a pointer to this structure, along with the requested version number for winsock to the function:
The MAKEWORD macro takes two numbers, a major version number (the 2, above), and a minor version number (the 0, above). For instance, to use Winsock2.0, we use MAKEWORD(2, 0). To use Winsock1.1, we use MAKEWORD(1, 1).
Also, it is important to note that Windows does not allow sockets to be read and written using the generic unix read( ) and write( ) functions. In windows, you should instead use the recv( ) and send( ) functions. Also, people who are familiar with windows should know that windows treats sockets as an I/O handle, so they can also be accessed with the Windows generic read/write functions ReadFile( ) and WriteFile( ).
Winsock, and windows in general also have a number of other functions available in winsock.dll, but also in other dlls (like wininet.dll) that will facilitate higher-level internet operations.

## Further reading

For a comprehensive examination of the Berkeley Socket API in C, see UNIX networking chapter of C Programming.
* www.collegetojob.com - Useful website tutorials on C, Unix & Socket Programming.
# Communication Networks/Circuit Switching Networks

Old folks may very well remember the first incarnation of the telephone networks, where an operator sitting at a desk would physically connect different wires to transmit a phone call from one house to another house. The days however when an operator at a desk could handle all the volume and all the possibilities of the telephone network are over. Now, automated systems connect wires together to transmit calls from one side of the country to another almost instantly.

## What is Circuit-Switching?

Circuit switching is a mechanism of assigning a predefined path from source node to destination node during the entire period of connection. Plain old telephone system (POTS) is a well known example of analogue circuit switching.

## Strowger Switch

Strowger Switch is the first automatic switch used in circuit switching. Prior to that all switching was done manually by operators working at various exchanges. It is named after its inventor Almon Brown Strowger.

## Telephony

This is a telephone thing

### Cellular Network Introduction
## Further reading

* We will go into more details of the telephone network in a later chapter, Communication Networks/Analog and Digital Telephony.
# Communication Networks/Cable Television Network

The cable television network is something that is very near and dear to the hearts of many people, but few people understand how cable TV works. The chapters in this section will attempt to explain how cable TV works, and later chapters on advanced television networks will discuss topics such as cable internet, and HDTV.
coax cable has a bandwidth in the hundreds of megahertz, which is more than enough to transmit multiple streams of video and audio simultaneously. Some people mistakenly think that the television (or the cable box) sends a signal to the TV station to tell what channel it wants, and then the TV station sends only that channel back to your home. This is not the case. The cable wire transmits every single channel, simultaneously. It does this by using frequency division multiplexing.

## TV Channels

Each TV channel consists of a frequency range of 6 MHz. Of this, most of it is video data, some of it is audio data, some of it is control data, and the rest of it is unused buffer space, that helps to prevent cross-talk between adjacent channels.
Scrambled channels, or "locked channels" are channels that are still sent to your house on the cable wire, but without the control signal that helps to sync up the video signal. If you watch a scrambled channel, you can still often make out some images, but they just don't seem to line up correctly. When you call up to order pay-per-view, or when you buy another channel, the cable company reinserts the control signal into the line, and you can see the descrambled channel.
A descrambler, or "cable black box" is a machine that artificially recreates the synchronization signal, and realigns the image on the TV. descrambler boxes are illegal in most places.

## NTSC

NTSC, named for the National Television System Committee, is the analog television system used in most of North America, most countries in South America, Burma, South Korea, Taiwan, Japan, Philippines, and some Pacific island nations and territories (see map). NTSC is also the name of the U.S. standardization body that developed the broadcast standard.[1] The first NTSC standard was developed in 1941 and had no provision for color TV.
In 1953 a second modified version of the NTSC standard was adopted, which allowed color broadcasting compatible with the existing stock of black-and-white receivers. NTSC was the first widely adopted broadcast color system. After over a half-century of use, the vast majority of over-the-air NTSC transmissions in the United States were replaced with ATSC on June 12, 2009, and will be, by August 31, 2011, in Canada.

## PAL

PAL stands for phase alternating by line.
# Eric 6 User's Guide/Getting Started/Overview

Eric is a full featured Python editor and integrated development environment (IDE), written in Python. It has many uses: as an everyday quick-and-dirty Python editor and debugger, as GUI development platform, as a professional project management tool and as a multi-project portfolio manager.
In its most basic form, Eric is an excellent quick-and-dirty Python editor and debugger thanks in part to the tight integration of the highly flexible Scintilla editor control. Eric exposes many of the editor’s settings, allowing the user to customize the visual environment at will.
Eric can support rapid and sophisticated GUI development, through its integration of Qt’s UI toolkit and PyQt, and is itself an excellent demonstration of the power of Python, Qt and PyQt.
Among Eric’s multitude of features are:
For a more comprehensive point-form list, see Feature Summary.
Like Python and Qt, Eric is cross-platform, installable in Windows, Linux or MacOS.
Eric includes a plug-in system, which supports easy extension of the IDE’s functionality with downloadable plug-ins.
The current stable version is eric6 based on PyQt5, Qt5 and Python 3. Eric is distributed under the GNU General Public License, version 3 of 29 June 2007. Other components are licensed differently – see Licensing.