# Flora of New York/Poaceae 4

| ← Poaceae 3 | Flora of New York — Poales : Poaceae : Pooideae : Poeae | Flora of New York — Poales : Poaceae : Pooideae : Poeae | Flora of New York — Poales : Poaceae : Pooideae : Poeae | Flora of New York — Poales : Poaceae : Pooideae : Poeae | → Commelinales, Zingiberales, Ceratophyllales |
| ← Poaceae 3 | Table of contents | Genus index | Protected species index | Invasive species index | → Commelinales, Zingiberales, Ceratophyllales |
* Tribe Poeae R.Br. (1814) worldwide contains 2776 species in 118 genera. Soreng et al. (1990) identified two plastid clades: Chloroplast Group 1 (Aveneae type) and Chloroplast Group 2 (Poeae type).
* ↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

## Tribe Poeae, Chloroplast Group 1 (Aveneae type)
### Subtribe Torreyochloinae

* Subtribe Torreyochloinae Soreng (2003) contains Amphibromus, and Torreyochloa.
* ↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

#### Torreyochloa

* Torreyochloa paucifloraTorreyochloa (false mannagrass) has also been treated as a section of Puccinellia (alkali grass). Torreyochloa can be distinguished from similar wetland species of Glyceria and Puccinellia by Torreyochloa's open leaf sheaths, 3-veined upper glumes, and conspicuous veins on its lemmas.
* ↑ Haines, A., Farnsworth, E., Morrison, G., & New England Wildflower Society. (2011). New England Wildflower Society's flora Novae Angliae: A manual for the identification of native and naturalized higher vascular plants of New England. Framingham, Mass.: New England Wild Flower Society. p. 285.
Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Torreyochloinae — Torreyochloa :
| Genus Torreyochloa | False manna grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Torreyochloa pallida (Torr.) G.L.Churchvar. fernaldii (Hitchc.) Dore1906. Glyceria pallidavar. fernaldii1917. Glyceria fernaldii(Hitchc.) H.St.John1949. T. fernaldii (Hitchc.) G.L.Church1964. T. pallidavar. fernaldii1966. Puccinellia fernaldii(Hitchc.) E.G.Voss | Fernald's false mannagrassGlycérie de Fernald | Native, CoC: 6, Secure OBL Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Torreyochloa pallida (Torr.) G. L. Churchvar. pallida1819. Windsoria pallida Torr.1829. Uralepis pallida (Torr.) Kunth1836. Glyceria pallida (Torr.) Trin.1891. Panicularia pallida(Torr.) Kuntze1949. T. pallida (Torr.) G.L.Church1952. Puccinellia pallida(Torr.) R.T.Clausen | Pale false mannagrass, Pale mannagrassGlycérie pâle | Native, CoC: 6, Secure OBL | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

### Subtribe Aveninae

* Subtribe Aveninae J. Presl (1830) contains Arrhenatherum, Avellinia, Avena, Gaudinia, Graphephorum, Helictotrichon, Koeleria, Lagurus, Leptophyllochloa, Peyritschia, Rostraria, Sphenopholis, Trisetaria, Tricholemma, and Trisetum. Genera in bold text have been found in New York.
* ↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

#### Sphenopholis

* Sphenopholis pensylvanica
Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Aveninae — Sphenopholis :
| Genus Sphenopholis Scribn. | Wedge scale | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Sphenopholis intermedia (Rydb.) Rydb.1909. Sphenopholis intermedia Rydb | Slender wedge grass, Slender wedgescale | Native, CoC: 6, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Sphenopholis nitida (Biehler) Scribn. (1906) | Shiny wedge grass, Shiny wedgescale | Native, CoC: 8, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. (1906) | Prairie wedgegrass, Prairie wedgescale | Native, Endangered | | NYFA: 1 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Sphenopholis pensylvanica (L.) Hitchc.1753. Avena pennsylvanica L. 1817. Trisetum pensylvanicum in… 1823. Arrhenatherum pensylvanicum in… 1915. Sphenopholis pennsylvanica in… | Swamp oats ⓘ Swamp wedgescale ⓘ | Native, Endangered | | NYFA: 1 | USDA-N0 Go Botany ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Sphenopholis (excluded taxa) | Wedge scale | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Sphenopholis × pallens  Sphenopholis obtusata ×   Sphenopholis pensylvanica | | Native, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Sphenopholis intermedia × nitida  Sphenopholis intermedia ×   Sphenopholis nitida | | Native, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | Go Botany Images Wikispecies |

#### Trisetum

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Aveninae — Trisetum :
| Genus Trisetum | Oat grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Trisetum spicatum (L.) K.Richt. | Narrow false oats, Spike trisetum | Native, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |
| Trisetum flavescens (L.) P.Beauv.1753. Avena flavescens1805. Trisetum pratense Pers.1812. Trisetum flavescens (L.) P.Beauv.1816. Trisetaria flavescens (L.) Baumg. | Yellow oatgrass, Yellow oat grass, Golden oat grassAvoine dorée, Avoine jaunâtre | Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa, Impersistent | | NYFA: Xm | USDA-XW ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

#### Graphephorum

* Graphephorum melicoides
Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Aveninae — Graphephorum :
| Genus Graphephorum | False oat | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Graphephorum melicoides (Michx.) Desv.1803. Aira melicoides Michx. 1810. Graphephorum melicoides in… 1818. Poa melicoides (Michx.) Nutt. 1884. Trisetum melicoides (Michx.) Scribn. | Melic oats ⓘ Purple false oats ⓘ False melic ⓘ Trisèe fausse-mélique ⓘ | Native, Endangered | | NYFA: 1 | USDA-NN ITIS Images Wikispecies |

#### Koeleria

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Aveninae — Koeleria :
| Genus Koeleria | June grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult.1753. Aira cristata L.1812. Aira macrantha Ledeb.1824. K. macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult. auct. K. cristata non Pers. (i) auct. K. pyramidata non (Lam.) P. Beauv. | Junegrass, Prairie Junegrass | Introduced, N. America native | | NYFA: X | USDA-NN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Koeleria (excluded taxa) | June grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Koeleria pyramidata (Lam.) P. Beauv.1791. Poa pyramidata Lam.1812. K. pyramidata (Lam.) P. Beauv. | Misapplied to   American Junegrass | Introduced from  Eurasia, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |

#### Arrhenatherum

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Aveninae — Arrhenatherum :
| Genus Arrhenatherum | Oat grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P.Beauv. ex J.Presl & C.Presl ssp. elatius | Tall oatgrass | Introduced, Naturalized | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Arrhenatherum (excluded taxa) | Oat grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P.Beauv. ex J.Presl & C.Preslssp. bulbosum (Willd.) Schübl. & G.Martens1799. Avena bulbosa Willd.1825. Arrh. elatiusvar. bulbosum1834. Arrh. elatiusssp. bulbosum | Tall oatgrass | Introduced, No specimens | | NYFA: D | USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |

#### Avena

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Aveninae — Avena :
| Genus Avena | Oat | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Avena fatua L.    Avena fatua L.     Avena hybrida | Wild oat | Introduced, Potentially invasive, Unknown naturalization, IPA | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Images Wikispecies |
| Avena sativa L.    Avena sativa L.     Avena byzantina     Avena fatua  var. sativa | Common oat, Cultivated oat | Introduced, Not naturalized, IPA | | NYFA: X | USDA-XW Images Wikispecies |

#### Rostraria

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Aveninae — Rostraria :
| Genus Rostraria | Hair grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Rostraria cristata (L.) Tzvelev    Festuca cristata (L.) Tzvelev     Koeleria gerardii     Koeleria phleoides | Mediterranean hairgrass | Introduced, Impersistent | | NYFA: Xm | USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies |

### Subtribe Phalaridinae

* Subtribe Phalaridinae Fr. (1835) contains only the genus Phalaris.
* ↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

#### Phalaris

* Phalaris arundinaceaTwo canary grasses, Phalaris arundinacea (reed canary grass) and Phalaris canariensis (annual canary grass) are common in New York.
* The New York Flora Atlas (2021) lists Phalaris arundinacea as native to New York because native genotypes of the grass once occurred in the state. But the Atlas states that the native genotypes are either extirpated or very rare, referring to Jakubowski et al. (2012 & 2014) and Nelson et al. (2014).
* Although the New York Flora Atlas only lists Phalaris arundinacea var. picta as a synonym of Phalaris arundinacea, the Catalogue of New World Grasses (2003) lists both P. arundinacea var. arundinacea and P. arundinacea var picta as valid taxa. Because the ornamental var. picta is readily identifiable by its striped leaves, it's doubtful that it has naturalized in New York without being reported. However, it is believed that hardy European races of var. arundinacea have been introduced at various times since early European settlement and have probably hybridized with American races. So, the Phalaris arundinacea species may be considered invasive in New York.
* ↑ Jakubowski, Andrew & Jackson, Randall & Casler, Michael. (2014). The History of Reed Canarygrass in North America: Persistence of Natives among Invading Eurasian Populations. Crop Science. 54. 210. 10.2135/cropsci2013.05.0342.
* ↑ Nelson, M.F., Anderson, N.O., Casler, M.D. et al. Population genetic structure of N. American and European Phalaris arundinacea L. as inferred from inter-simple sequence repeat markers. Biol Invasions 16, 353–363 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-013-0525-9
* ↑ R.J. Soreng, (2003). "Phalaris." In Catalogue of New World Grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48: 479–488.
* ↑ Paul M. Catling, Gisèle Mitrow, and Liette Vasseur (2014) "Major Invasive Alien Plants of Canada. 8. Reed Canarygrass." The Canadian Botanical Association Bulletin Vol. 47 No.1. Mar. 2014.
Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Phalaridinae — Phalaris :
| Genus Phalaris | Canary grass | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Phalaris arundinacea L.var. arundinacea1753. Phalaris arundinacea L.1969. Phalaroides arundinacea Rauschert | Reed canary grass Reed canarygrass Alpiste roseau | Introduced, Highly invasive,  NYIS: 78%,  USGS: L48 not listed, SNR, G5, CP-3, Highly invasive FACW Perennial, Graminoid, Sun | NYFA: 5 GBIF | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Phalaris arundinacea L.var. picta L.1753. P. arundinaceavar. picta L.1852. Phalaris picta (L.) Sloboda1969. Phalaroides arundinaceassp. japonica | Ornamental canary grass, Ribbon grass, Gardener's gaitersAlpiste ruban, Ruban de la vierge | Introduced, Potentially invasive FACW Perennial, Graminoid, Sun | NYFA: 0 | USDA-0 Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Phalaris canariensis L.1753. Phalaris canariensis L.1794. Phalaris ovata Moench1796. Phalaris avicularis Salisb. | Annual canary grass, Common canary grass, Seed canary grass, Birdseed grass | Introduced from  Europe,  Canary Isands FACU Annual, Graminoid | 30 counties NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Phalaris arundinacea: Highly invasive (78). ↑ Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Plantations' accessioned collections (2009) ↑ Although Phalaris arundinacea var. arundinacea is native to much of North America, its Eurasian ecotype has been widely planted and become a problem in North America. ||||||

### Subtribe Anthoxanthinae

* Subtribe Anthoxanthinae A. Gray (1856) contains only Anthoxanthum.
* ↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

#### Anthoxanthum

* Anthoxanthum is known variously as sweetgrass, vernalgrass, vanillagrass, or holygrass. The merging of the genus Hierochloe into Anthoxanthum by Schouten and Veldkamp (1985) may be cause for confusion between the native Anthoxanthum nitens (formerly Hierochloe odorata) and the Eurasian Anthoxanthum odoratum. These are two distinct species, and A. nitens appears never to have been considered a sub-taxon of A. odoratum.

##### Anthoxanthum subg. Hierochloe

* Anthoxanthum nitensThe grasses of Anthoxanthum subg. Hierochloe are generally known as sweetgrass. Because A. hirtum and A. nitens were previously included together under Hierochloe odorata, the county-level distribution shown here for these two species is likely incorrect. The A. hirtum map is based on the BONAP map, while the A. nitens is based on the NYFA map as of 10-Nov-2016.
Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Anthoxanthinae — Anthoxanthum subg. Hierochloe :
| Genus Anthoxanthum subg. Hierochloe | Sweet grass | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Anthoxanthum nitens (Weber) Y.Schouten & Veldkampssp. nitens1753. Holcus odoratus L.1787. Poa nitens Weber1806. Ho. borealis Schrad. (i)1812. Hierochloe odorata (L.) P.Beauv.1817. Hi. borealis(Schrad.) Roem. & Schult. (i)1898. Savastana nashii E.P.Bicknell1914. Hi. nashii (E.P.Bicknell) Kaczmarek1915. Torresia odorata (L.) Hitchc.1921. T. nashii (E.P.Bicknell) House1985. Anthoxanthum nitens(Weber) Y.Schouten & Veldkamp | Vanilla sweet grass, Vanilla sweetgrass, Common sweetgrass, Vanilla grass, Holy grass, Manna grass, Seneca grassHiérochloé odorante, Hiérochloé odorant, Avoine odorante, Foin d'odeur, Herbe sainte, Houlque boréale | Native, CoC: 8, Secure FACW Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN NWG Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Anthoxanthum hirtum (Schrank) Y.Schouten & Veldkamp1789. Savastana hirta Schrank1830. Hierochloe arctica J.Presl1900. H. hirta (Schrank) Borbas1930. H. odoratavar. annulata1971. H. hirtassp. arctica1973. H. odoratassp. hirta1976. H. odoratassp. arctica1979. H. hirtavar. annulata1985. Anthoxanthum hirtum(Schrank) Y.Schouten & Veldkamp1996. A. hirtumssp. arcticum | Hairy sweetgrass, Hairy sweet grass, Northern sweetgrass, Northern sweet grassHiérochloé hérissée | Native, CoC: 2, Unranked Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: U | USDA-N0 Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Anthoxanthum monticola (Bigelow) Veldkampssp. monticola1816. Holcus monticola Bigelow1817. Dimesia monticola (Bigelow) Raf.1954. Hierochloe orthantha T.J.Sørensen1962. Hi. alpinavar. orthantha1964. Hi. monticola(Bigelow) Á.Löve & D.Löve (i)1971. Hi. alpinassp. orthantha1985. A. monticola (Bigelow) Veldkamp1996. A. monticolassp. orthanthum2012. A. monticolassp. monticola | Alpine sweetgrassHiérochloé des montagnes | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, NYNHP: 1 | NYFA: 1 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ When separated into subspecies, A. hirtum ssp. arcticum is the only North American native of the species. The New York Flora Atlas (2016) treats all A. hirtum subspecies as one variable taxon, baed on Allred and Barkworth (2007). ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Anthoxanthum monticola ssp. monticola. Endangered, S1/GNL. ||||||

##### Anthoxanthum subg. Anthoxanthum

* Anthoxanthum odoratumThe Old-World Anthoxanthum species found in New York often go by the name vernal grass and appear to be more widespread in the state than the native sweetgrass.
Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Anthoxanthinae — Anthoxanthum subg. Anthoxanthum :
| Genus Anthoxanthum subg. Anthoxanthum | Vernal grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Anthoxanthum odoratum L.1753. Anthoxanthum odoratum L.1823. A. villosum Dumort.1873. A. odoratumvar. villosum1880. Xanthonanthos odoratum(L.) St.-Lag. | Sweet vernal grass, Sweet vernalgrass, Large sweet grass, Large sweet vernalgrass, Scented vernal grassFlouve odorante, Foin d'odeur | Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa, Potentially invasive, Naturalized Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: Xn | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN NWG Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Anthoxanthum ovatum Lag.var. aristatum (Boiss.) Pérez Lara1842. Anthoxanthum aristatum Boiss.1848. A. puelii Lecoq & Lamotte1854. A. odoratumvar. puelii1854. A. odoratumvar. aristatum1886. A. ovatumvar. aristatum | Vernal grass, Annual vernalgrass, Small sweet vernal grassFlouve aristée | Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa, Not Naturalized Annual, Graminoid | | NYFA: Xm | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN NWG Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |

### Subtribe Brizinae

* Subtribe Brizinae Tzvelev (1968) Airopsis and Briza.
* ↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

#### Briza

* Briza maximaQuakinggrass (Briza).
Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Brizinae — Briza :
| Genus Briza | Quakinggrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Briza maxima L. | Big quakinggrass, Large quaking grass | Introduced | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Images Wikispecies |
| Briza media L. | Perennial quaking grass | Introduced | | NYFA: X | USDA-XW Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Briza (excluded taxa) | Quakinggrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Briza minor L. | Little quakinggrass | Introduced, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-XX Images Wikispecies |

### Subtribe Echinopogoninae

* Subtribe Echinopogoninae Soreng (2017) contains Ancistragrostis, Dichelachne, Echinopogon, Pentapogon, Relchela, and Greeneochloa.
* ↑ Soreng, R.J., Peterson, P.M., Romaschenko, K., Davidse, G., Teisher, J.K., Clark, L.G., Barberá, P., Gillespie, L.J. and Zuloaga, F.O. (2017), A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) II: An update and a comparison of two 2015 classifications. Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 55: 259-290. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12262
* ↑ Peterson, Paul & Soreng, Robert & Romaschenko, K & Barberá, Patricia & Quintanar, Alejandro & Aedo, Carlos. (2019). New Combinations and New Names in American Cinnagrostis, Peyritschia, And Deschampsia, and Three New Genera: Greeneochloa, Laegaardia and Paramochloa (Poeae, Poaceae). Phytoneuron. 2019. 1-23.

#### Greeneochloa

* Greeneochloa coarctataGreeneochloa P.M. Peterson, Soreng, Romasch. & Barberá (2019) was segregated from Calamagrostis based on phylogenetic and morphological differences. It contains type species Greeneochloa coarctata (syn. Calamagrostis coarctata Eaton), which is present in New York State.
Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Echinopogoninae — Greeneochloa :
| Genus Greeneochloa | Reedgrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Greeneochloa coarctata P.M. Peterson, Soreng, Romasch. & Barberá auct. Calamagrostis cinnoides W.P.C.Barton (i) 1823. Arundo coarctata Torr. 1829. Calamagrostis coarctata (Torr.) Eaton 2019. Greeneochloa coarctata in… | Small reedgrass, Arctic reedgrass, Nuttall's reedgrass | Native, CoC: 8, Likely secure OBL | | NYFA: 4? | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |

### Subtribe Agrostidinae

* Subtribe Agrostidinae Fr. (1835) contains about 604 species in 16 genera: Agrostis, Ammophila, Ancistragrostis, Bromidium, Calamagrostis, Chaetopogon, Dichelachne, Echinopogon, Hypseochloa, Gastridium, Lachnagrostis, Limnodea, Pentapogon, Podagrostis, Polypogon, and Triplachne.
* ↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

#### Agrostis

* Agrostis scabraBentgrass or simply bent (Agrostis)
Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Agrostidinae — Agrostis :
| Genus Agrostis | Bentgrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Agrostis scabra Willd.1797. Agrostis scabra Willd. 1813. Trichodium scabrum (Willd.) Muhl. 1824. Agrostis geminata Trin. 1843. Agrostis scabra  var. tenuis  Tuck. 1843. Agrostis laxiflora  var. scabra  (Willd.) Torr. 1921. Agrostis peckii House 1942. Agrostis scabra  var. geminata  (Trin.) Swallen 1948. Agrostis hyemalis  var. scabra  (Willd.) H.L. Blomq. 1952. Agrostis hyemalis  var. tenuis  (Tuck.) Gleason | Northern tickle grass ⓘ Rough bentgrass ⓘ Agrostide scabre ⓘ | Native, CoC: 3, Secure FAC Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Agrostis hyemalis (Walter) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.1788. Cornucopiae hyemalis Walter 1888. Agrostis hyemalis (Walter) in… 1888. Agrostis hiemalis orth. var. 1898. Agrostis canina  var. hyemalis  (Walter) Kuntze 1908. Agrostis antecedens E.P.Bicknell | Southern tickle grass ⓘ Southern hair grass Winter bent grass ⓘ Hair grass ⓘ Tickle grass ⓘ Agrostide d'hiver ⓘ | Native, CoC: 3, Likely secure FAC Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: 4-5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Agrostis perennans (Walter) Tuck.    A. altissima (Walter) Tuck.    A. perennans (Walter) Tuck. | Autumn bent, Upland bent, Upland bentgrass | Native, CoC: 4, Secure FACU Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Agrostis mertensii Trin. (1836)A. borealis Hartm. (1843) | Northern bent, Northern bentgrass, Arctic bentgrassAgrostide de Mertens | Native, CoC: 9, Threatened, S2, G5, NYNHP: 2 FACU Perennial, Graminoid | | Essex NYFA: 2 | Go Botany NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Agrostis canina L.    A. caninavar. varians | Velvet bent, Velvet bentgrassAgrostide des chiens | Introduced, N. America native UPL-FACU Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: X | USDA-NW Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Agrostis capillaris L.1753. Agrostis capillaris L. 1794. Agrostis tenuis Sibth. 1796. Agrostis vulgaris With. 1855. Agrostis alba  var. vulgaris  (With.) Coss. & Durieu     Agrostis stricta     Agrostis sylvatica | Rhode Island bent, Rhode Island bentgrass, Colonial bent, Colonial bentgrass | Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa, Potentially invasive,  Invasive.org: , Naturalized | | NYFA: X GBIF | USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Agrostis stolonifera L. (1753) auct. A. alba non L.    A. maritima Lam.    A. palustris Huds. | Creeping bent, Creeping bentgrass | Introduced, Moderately invasive, N. America native FACW Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: X5 | USDA-XX Go Botany Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Agrostis gigantea Roth1788. Agrostis gigantea Roth 1796. Agrostis nigra With. 1825. Agrostis alba  var. aristata  Spenn. 1834. Agrostis stolonifera  ssp. gigantea  (Roth) Schübl. & G. Martens 1835. Agrostis stolonifera  var. gigantea  (Roth) Bréb. | Redtop, Red-top, Black bentgrass | Introduced, Moderately invasive,  NYIS: 68% | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Agrostis (excluded taxa) | Bentgrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Agrostis vinealis Schreb.1771. Agrostis vinealis Schreb. | Brown bentgrass | Introduced from  Alaska,  Eurasia,  northern Africa, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-00 Images Wikispecies |
| Agrostis mertensii × scabra  Agrostis mertensii ×   Agrostis scabra | Hybrid of  northern bent &  northern tickle-grass | N. America native, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | Images Wikispecies |
| Agrostis canina × capillaris  Agrostis canina ×   Agrostis capillaris | Hybrid of  velvet bent &  Rhode Island bent | Introduced, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | Images Wikispecies |
| Agrostis gigantea × stolonifera  Agrostis gigantea ×   Agrostis stolonifera | Hybrid of  red-top &  creeping bent | Introduced, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | Images Wikispecies |
| Agrostis capillaris × gigantea  Agrostis capillaris ×   Agrostis gigantea | Hybrid of  Rhode Island bent &  red-top | Introduced, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program (2021). Online Conservation Guide for Agrostis mertensii ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Agrostis.gigantea: M 68 (all). ||||||

#### Calamagrostis

* Calamagrostis canadensis Canada bluejoint grassJeffery M. Saarela et al. (2017) showed that two species of Ammophila are nested within separate clades in Calamagrostis s.s., making both Ammophila and Calamagrostis polyphyletic. Merging Ammophila into Calamagrostis was the solution.
* Molecular and morphological studies have shown that native eastern North American beechgrass comprises a number of lineages with overlapping characteristics that may be best treated as a single species:
* Coastal populations (A. breviligulata):
* Northern Atlantic coast,
* Southern Atlantic coast,
* Interior populations (A. champlainensis):
* Lake Champlain & St. Lawrence River, and
* Great Lakes.
* ↑ Saarela JM, Bull RD, Paradis MJ, Ebata SN, Peterson PM, Soreng RJ, Paszko B (2017) Molecular phylogenetics of cool-season grasses in the subtribes Agrostidinae, Anthoxanthinae, Aveninae, Brizinae, Calothecinae, Koeleriinae and Phalaridinae (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae, Poeae chloroplast group 1). PhytoKeys 87: 1-139. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.87.12774
* ↑ Delisle-Oldham &al. (2008). "Taxonomic Recognition of Ammophila champlainensis and Morphological Variation in Northeastern North American Ammophila (Poaceae)." Rhodora 110(942): 29–156, 2008
Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Agrostidinae — Calamagrostis :
| Genus Calamagrostis | Reedgrass | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) P. Beauv.var. canadensis1812. Calamagrostis canadensis in… 1878. Calamagrostis canadensis var. canadensis autonym 1878. Calamagrostis canadensis var. robusta Vasey | Canada bluejoint grass, Bluejoint, Blue-joint reedgrass | Native, CoC: 7, Secure | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) P. Beauv.var. langsdorfii | Bluejoint | Native, Endangered | NYFA: 1 county NYFA: 1? | USDA-NN ITIS Images Wikispecies Note: |
| Calamagrostis breviligulata (Fernald) Saarela1920. Ammophila breviligulata Fernald 1966. A. champlainensis F. Seym. 2006. A. breviligulata  ssp. champlainensis  (F. Seym.) P.J. Walker, C.A. Paris & Barrington ex Barkworth 2017. Calamagrostis breviligulata in… 2017. C. breviligulata  ssp. champlainensis  (F. Seym.) Saarela | Beech grass ⓘ American beachgrass | Native, CoC: 8, Secure | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Calamagrostis pickeringii A.Gray | Pickering's reedgrass, Pickering's reed bent-grass | Native, Rare | NYFA: 3 | USDA-NN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Calamagrostis stricta (Timm) Koelerssp. inexpansa    Calamagrostis hyperborea    Calamagrostis inexpansa    Calamagrostis lacustris | Northern reedgrass | Native, Threatened | NYFA: 2 | USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |
| Calamagrostis stricta (Timm) Koelerssp. stricta    Calamagrostis neglecta | Slim-stemmed small-reedgrass | Native, Endangered, NYNHP: 1 | NYFA: 1 | Images Wikispecies |
| Calamagrostis porteri A.Grayssp. porteri | Porter's reedgrass | Native, CoC: 9, Endangered, NYNHP: 1 | NYFA: 1-2 | USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Calamagrostis perplexa | Wood reed grass | Native, Endangered, Endemic to NY, NYNHP: 1 | NYFA: 1 | USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies |
| Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth1753. Arundo epigejos L. 1788. Calamagrostis epigeios (L.) Roth 1825. Agrostis epigeios (L.) Raspail 1852. Calamagrostis epigeios  var. georgica  (K. Koch) Griseb. (i) | Feathertop ⓘ Chee reedgrass ⓘ Bushgrass ⓘ Calamagrostide épigéois ⓘ Calamagrostide commune ⓘ | Introduced from  Eurasia,  Africa, Highly invasive, Naturalized, SNA, G5 | NYFA: 10 counties iNat: 2 counties NYFA: X iNat | USDA-XX Go Botany ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) lists C. canadensis var. langsdorfii as a synonym of C. canadensis. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Calamagrostis stricta. Endangered, S1/Gx. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for porteri. Endangered, S1S2/G4T4. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Calamagrostis perplexa. Endangered, S1/G1. ||||||

#### Polypogon

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Agrostidinae — Polypogon :
| Genus Polypogon | Rabbitsfoot grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Polypogon interruptus Kunth (1816) | Ditch beard grass, Ditch rabbitsfoot grass, Ditch polypogon | Introduced from  western N. America, N. America native, Impersistent, Not naturalized | | NYFA: Xm | USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf.1753. Alopecurus monspeliensis L.1798. P. monspeliensis (L.) Desf. | Annual rabbit's-foot grass, Annual beard grass, Rabbit's-foot polypogon | Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa, Naturalization unknown | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

## Tribe Poeae, Chloroplast Group 2 (Poeae type)
### Subtribe Sesleriinae

* Subtribe Sesleriinae Parl. (1845) contains 37 species in 5 genera: Mibora, Echinaria, Oreochloa, Sesleria, and Sesleriella.
* ↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

#### Mibora

* Mibora species previously listed have now been excluded from the New York Flora.
Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Sesleriinae — Mibora :
| Genus Mibora (excluded taxa) | Sand grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Mibora minima (L.) Desv.    Mibora minima (L.) Desv. | Early sandgrass, Early sand grass | Introduced, Impersistent, Waif Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: EXCLUDED | USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |

### Subtribe Coleanthinae

* Subtribe Coleanthinae Rouy (1913) contains Catabrosa, Catabrosella, Coleanthus, Colpodium, Hyalopoa, Paracolpodium, Phippsia, Puccinellia, Sclerochloa, and Zingeria.
* ↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

#### Puccinellia

* Puccinellia distansThe Puccinellia (alkali grass) species are similar in appearance to the wetland genera Glyceria and Torreyochloa, however, alkali grass is adaptable to saline areas.
* ↑ Haines, A., Farnsworth, E., Morrison, G., & New England Wildflower Society. (2011). New England Wildflower Society's flora Novae Angliae: A manual for the identification of native and naturalized higher vascular plants of New England. Framingham, Mass.: New England Wild Flower Society. p. 277.
Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Coleanthinae — Puccinellia :
| Genus Puccinellia Parl. | Alkali grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl. | European alkaligrass, Weeping alkaligrass | Introduced | | NYFA: X | USDA-MX Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Puccinellia fasciculata (Torr.) E.P. Bicknell | Saltmarsh alkaligrass, Salt marsh alkaligrass, Salt marsh goosegrass | Introduced OBL | | NYFA: X | USDA-N0 Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Puccinellia rupestris (With.) Fernald & Weath. | Stiff alkaligrass, British alkaligrass, Goosegrass | Introduced Annual, Graminoid | | NYFA: | USDA-X Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Puccinellia (excluded taxa) | Alkali grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Puccinellia nutkaensis (J. Presl) Fernald & Weath. | Nootka alkaligrass | N. America native, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-NN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Puccinellia nuttalliana (Schult.) Hitchc. | Nuttall's alkaligrass | N. America native, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Puccinellia alaskana Scribn. & Merr.    P. alaskana Scribn. & Merr.    P. langeanassp. alaskana    P. pauperculavar. alaskana    P. tenellassp. alaskana | Alaska goose grass, Tundra alkaligrass | N. America native, N.Y. excluded FACW Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-NN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Puccinellia maritima | Seaside alkaligrass, Seaside speargrass | Introduced, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-MX Go Botany Images Wikispecies |

#### Sclerochloa

* Sclerochloa duraHardgrass (Sclerochloa P. Beauv.)
Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Coleanthinae — Sclerochloa :
| Genus Sclerochloa | Hardgrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Sclerochloa dura (L.) P.Beauv.1753. Cynosurus durus L.1812. Sclerochloa dura (L.) P.Beauv. | Fairground grass, Common hardgrass, Hard meadowgrass | Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa, Wool mill waif, GMW | | NYFA: Xm | USDA-XN Go Botany-0 VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ Grass Manual on the Web and USDA-NRCS seem to contradict about the North American nativity of Sclerochloa dura. ||||||

### Subtribe Miliinae

* Subtribe Miliinae Dumort. (1829) contains about 5 species in 1 geneus: Milium.
* ↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150
* ↑ Soreng, R.J., Peterson, P.M., Romaschenko, K., Davidse, G., Teisher, J.K., Clark, L.G., Barberá, P., Gillespie, L.J. and Zuloaga, F.O. (2017), A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) II: An update and a comparison of two 2015 classifications. Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 55: 259-290. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12262

#### Milium

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Miliinae — Milium :
| Genus Milium | Millet grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Milium effusum L.var. cisatlanticum Fernald1950. M. effusumvar. cisatlanticum2010. M. effusumssp. cisatlanticum | American milletgrass, Tall millet-grass | Native, CoC: 8, Secure FACU Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Milium (excluded taxa) | Millet grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Milium effusum L.var. effusum1753. Milium effusum L.1783. Agrostis effusa (L.) Lam.1794. Miliarium effusa (L.) Moench.1796. Melica effusa (L.) Salisb.1808. Decandolia effusa (L.) Bastard | Millet grass, Wood millet | Introduced, N.Y. excluded FACU Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA- ARS-GRIN NWG Images Wikispecies |

### Subtribe Airinae

* Subtribe Airinae Caro (1982) contains about 41 species in 7 genera: Aira, Antinoria, Avenella, Corynephorus, Helictochloa, Molineriella, and Periballia.
* ↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

#### Avenella

* Avenella flexuosaHairgrass (Avenella Bluff ex Drejer) contains the native Avenella flexuosa (L.) Drej., which is occasionally still listed as Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin. by some sources.
Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Airinae — Avenella :
| Genus Avenella | Hairgrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Avenella flexuosa (L.) Drejer1753. Aira flexuosa L. 1811. Arundo flexuosa (L.) Clairv. 1823. Avena flexuosa (L.) Mert. & Koch (i) 1836. Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin. 1838. Avenella flexuosa (L.) Drejer 1852. Deschampsia flexuosa  var. montana  (L.) A. & D.Löve 1866. Lerchenfeldia flexuosa (L.) Schur | Common hair grass, Wavy hair grass, Crinkled hair grass | Native, CoC: 8, Secure Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: 5 GBIF | USDA-NN WFO Kew WCSP POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |

#### Aira

* Aira caryophylleaHairgrass
Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Airinae — Aira :
| Genus Aira | Hairgrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Aira praecox L.1753. Aira praecox L. 1796. Agrostis praecox (L.) Salisb. 1824. Trisetum praecox (L.) Dumort. 1913. Aspris praecox (L.) Nash | Early hairgrass, Yellow hairgrass, Spike hairgrass, Early silver hairgrass, Small hairgrass | Introduced,  USGS: L48 established, Naturalized, SNA, GNR Annual, Graminioid | | NYFA: X GBIF | USDA-XX VASCAN Images Wikispecies |
| Aira caryophyllea L. var. caryophyllea1753. Aira caryophyllea L.1780. Avena caryophyllea (L.) Weber1796. Agrostis caryophyllea (L.) Salisb.1866. Fussia caryophyllea (L.) Schur1913. Aspris caryophyllea (L.) Nash | Silver hairgrass, Silvery hairgrass, Common silver hairgrassCanche caryophyllée, Aira caryophyllé | Introduced from  Eurasia, n. Africa, Potentially invasive,  iMapInvasives,  Invasive.org: ,  USGS: L48 invasive, Naturalized | | NYFA: X GBIF | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Aira (excluded taxa) | Hairgrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Aira caryophyllea L.var. capillaris (Mert. & W.D.J.Koch) Bluff & Fingerh.1798. Aira capillaris Savi1823. Avena capillaris Mert. & W.D.J.Koch1836. Aira caryophylleavar. capillaris Bluff & Fingerh.1853. Aira elegantissima Schur auct. Aira elegans Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. | Delicate hairgrass, Annual silver hairgrass | Introduced from  Eurasia, n. Africa, No specimens, GMW | | | USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

#### Corynephorus

* Corynephorus canescensClubawn grass
Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Airinae — Corynephorus :
| Genus Corynephorus | Clubawn grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Corynephorus canescens (L.) P.Beauv.1753. Aira canescens L. 1780. Avena canescens (L.) Weber 1796. Agrostis canescens (L.) Salisb. 1812. Corynephorus canescens (L.) P.Beauv. 1821. Aira variegata St.Amans | Gray clubawn grass, Gray hairgrass | Introduced from  Europe, Morocco, Naturalized,  USGS: L48 established, SNA, GNR Annual, Graminoid | | NYFA: X GBIF | USDA-XN Kew WCSP POWO Images Wikispecies |

### Subtribe Aristaveninae

* Subtribe Aristaveninae F.Albers & Butzin (1977) contains only Deschampsia with about 51 species worldwide. Soreng et al. (2015) tentatively placed Deschampsia in subtribe Holcinae, but Soreng et al. (2017) moved it to its own subtribe Aristaveninae.
* ↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150
* ↑ Soreng, R.J., Peterson, P.M., Romaschenko, K., Davidse, G., Teisher, J.K., Clark, L.G., Barberá, P., Gillespie, L.J. and Zuloaga, F.O. (2017), A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) II: An update and a comparison of two 2015 classifications. Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 55: 259-290. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12262

#### Deschampsia

* Deschampsia cespitosaHairgrass (Deschampsia)
Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Aristaveninae — Deschampsia :
| Genus Deschampsia P.Beauv. | Hairgrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P.Beauv.ssp. cespitosa1753. Aira cespitosa L. 1796. Agrostis caespitosa (L.) Salisb. 1812. D. caespitosa (L.) P.Beauv. 1846. D. cespitosa  ssp. glauca  (Hartm.) Hartm. 1861. D. cespitosa  var. parviflora  (Thuill.) Coss. & Germ. 1918. D. cespitosa  var. glauca  (Hartm.) Lindm. 1940. D. anadyrensis V.N.Vassil. | Tufted hairgrass, Small-flowered ticklegrass, Tussock grassDeschampsie cespiteuse, Canche cespiteuse, Canche gazonnante | Native, CoC: 8, Likely secure FACW Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NM Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Deschampsia danthonioides (Trin.) Munro1830. Aira danthonioides Trin.1830. D. calycina J. Presl1857. D. danthonioides (Trin.) Munro | Annual hairgrass | Introduced, N. America native, Not naturalized FACW Annual, Graminoid | | NYFA: X | USDA-NN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

### Subtribe Holcinae

* Subtribe Holcinae Dumort. (1868) contains about 11 species in 2 genera: Holcus and Vahlodea. Soreng et al. (2015) tentatively placed Deschampsia in subtribe Holcinae, but Soreng et al. (2017) moved it to its own subtribe Aristaveninae.
* ↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150
* ↑ Soreng, R.J., Peterson, P.M., Romaschenko, K., Davidse, G., Teisher, J.K., Clark, L.G., Barberá, P., Gillespie, L.J. and Zuloaga, F.O. (2017), A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) II: An update and a comparison of two 2015 classifications. Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 55: 259-290. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12262

#### Vahlodea

* Poa fendleriana & Vahlodea atropurpureaMountain hair grass (Vahlodea atropurpurea) is a circumboreal grass that is probably extirpated from New York State.
Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Holcinae — Vahlodea :
| Genus Vahlodea | Hair grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Vahlodea atropurpurea (Wahlenb.) Fr. ex Hartm.1812. Aira atropurpurea Wahlenb.1822. Avena atropurpurea (Wahlenb.) Link1826. Holcus atropurpureus (Wahlenb.) Wahlenb.1843. Vahlodea atropurpurea (Wahlenb.) Fr. ex Hartm.1844. Deschampsia atropurpurea (Wahlenb.) Scheele1937. Vahlodea latifolia (Hook.) Hultén | Mountain hair grass, Mountain hairgrass, Arctic hair grass, Arctic hairgrassDeschampsie pourpre | Native, CoC: 10, Likely extirpated, Impersistent FACW, Graminoid | | NYFA: Z | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

#### Holcus

* Holcus lanatusVelvet grass or soft grass (Holcus) contains two non-native grasses found in New York State.
Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Airinae — Holcus :
| Genus Holcus | Velvetgrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Holcus lanatus L.1753. Holcus lanatus L.1787. Aira holcus-lanata Vill.1802. Avena lanata (L.) Koeler1817. Holcus argenteus C. Agardh ex Roem. & Schult.1912. Notholcus lanatus (L.) Nash ex Hitchc.1916. Ginannia lanata (L.) F.T.Hubb. | Common velvetgrass, Fog grassHoloque laineuse | Introduced from  Europe,  western Asia,  northern Africa FAC-FACU Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Holcus mollis L. ssp. mollis1759. Holcus mollis L.1771. Aira mollis (L.) Schreb.1787. Aira holcus-mollis Vill.1802. Avena mollis (L.) Koeler (i)1901. Ginannia mollis (L.) Bubani1915. Notholcus mollis (L.) Hitchc. | Creeping velvet grass ⓘ Creeping soft grass ⓘ Creeping fog ⓘ Houlque molle | Introduced from  Europe,  western Asia,  northern Africa FACU Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

### Subtribe Cynosurinae

* Subtribe Cynosurinae Fr. (1835) contains 10 species in the genus Cynosurus.
* ↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150
* ↑ Soreng, R.J., Peterson, P.M., Romaschenko, K., Davidse, G., Teisher, J.K., Clark, L.G., Barberá, P., Gillespie, L.J. and Zuloaga, F.O. (2017), A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) II: An update and a comparison of two 2015 classifications. Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 55: 259-290. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12262

#### Cynosurus

* Cynosurus cristatusDogtail grass (Cynosurus) contains two non-native grasses occasionally found in New York.
Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Cynosurinae :
| Genus Cynosurus | Dogstail grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Cynosurus cristatus L. | Crested dog's tail, Crested dogtail grassCrêtelle à crêtes | Introduced | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Cynosurus echinatus L. | Bristly dogtail grass, Rough dog's tail | Introduced, Impersistent | | NYFA: Xm | USDA-XX ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |

### Subtribe Dactylidinae

* Subtribe Dactylidinae Stapf (1898) contains 2 species in 2 genera: Dactylis and Lamarckia.
* ↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

#### Dactylis

* Dactylis glomerataOrchard grass (Dactylis glomerata) is a very common naturalized grass from Eurasia. It is commonly planted for grazing or for hay, but it can become quite weedy and is listed as a restricted noxious weed in states immediately south of New York (PA, NJ, MD, DE, and VA).
Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Dactylidinae — Dactylis :
| Genus Dactylis | Orchard grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Dactylis glomerata L.1753. Dactylis glomerata L.1771. Bromus glomeratus (L.) Scop.1785. Festuca glomerata (L.) All.1817. Limnetis glomerata (L.) Eaton1828. D. glomeratavar. detonsa1838. D. glomeratavar. ciliata1906. D. glomeratassp. lobata1911. D. glomeratassp. aschersoniana | Orchard grass, Orchardgrass, Cock's foot, Cock's foot grass | Introduced from  Eurasia, Potentially invasive, Naturalized FACU Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: Xn | USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |

### Subtribe Loliinae

* Subtribe Loliinae Dumort. (1829) contains about 700 species in 9 genera: Castellia, Drymochloa, Festuca, Leucopoa, Lolium, Megalachne, Patzkea, Podophorus, and Pseudobromus.
* ↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

#### Festuca

* Festuca subverticillataFescue (Festuca L. 1753)
Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Loliinae — Festuca :
| Genus Festuca | Fescue | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Festuca subverticillata (Pers.) E. B. Alexeev1805. Poa subverticillata Pers. 1807. Festuca obtusa Biehler 1980. Festuca subverticillata in… | Nodding fescue | Native, CoC: 7, Secure FACU Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Festuca saximontanavar. saximontana | Mountain fescue, Sheep fescue, Rocky Mountain fescue | Native, Endangered, NYNHP: 1 | | NYFA: 1 | USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |
| Festuca trachyphylla (Hack.) R.P. Murray1882. F. ovina  var. trachyphylla  Hack 1895. Festuca trachyphylla in…  auct. Festuca ovina  var. duriuscula  (L.) W.D.J.Koch  auct. Festuca longifolia non Thuill. 1930. Festuca trachyphylla in… 1977. Festuca brevipila R.Tracey | Fétuque dressée, Fétuque à feuilles scabres, Hard fescue, Sheep Fescue | Introduced from  Europe, Naturalized UPL Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Festuca filiformis Pourr.    Festuca capillata Lam.    Festuca ovinassp. tenuifolia    Festuca ovinavar. capillata    Festuca tenuifolia Sibth. | Hair fescue, Fineleaf sheep fescue, Fine-leaved sheep fescue | Introduced, Moderately invasive,  NYIS: 60% Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Festuca heterophyllaF. rubra var. heterophylla | Various-leaved fescue | Introduced | | NYFA: X | USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies |
| Festuca rubra L.ssp. rubra    Festuca prolifera (Piper) Fernald | Red fescue, Prolific fescue | Introduced | | NYFA: X | USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |
| Festuca rubra L.ssp. commutata Gaudin1786. Festuca nigrescens Lam.1788. Festuca heteromalla Pourr.1799. Festuca fallax Thuill.1828. F. rubrassp. commutata1881. F. rubravar. fallax1882. F. rubrassp. fallax | Chewing's fescue, Varioushair fescue | Introduced | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Festuca (excluded taxa) | Fescue | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Festuca brachyphylla Schult. & Schult.f.1823. F. brevifolia R.Br. non Muhl.1827. F. brachyphyllaSchult. & Schult.f.1871. F. ovinavar. brevifolia1906. F. ovinavar. brachyphylla | Alpine fescue, Rock fescue | N. America native, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Festuca ovinaF. ovina var. hispidula | Sheep fescue | Introduced, Synonym | | NYFA: X | USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Festuca saximontana var. saximontana . Endangered, S1/G5T5. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Festuca filiformis: Moderate (60). ||||||

#### Vulpia

* Vulpia octofloraRecent sources, including Soreng et al. (2015) and the New York Flora Atlas (2021) place Vulpia species within Festuca, while many other sources continue to treat them as separate species.
* ↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150
Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Loliinae — Vulpia :
| Genus Vulpia | Fescue | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Vulpia octoflora (Walter) Rydb.var. tenella (Willd.) Fernald1797. Festuca tenella Willd. 1812. Schedonorus tenellus in… 1840. Vulpia tenella (Willd.) Heynh. 1862. Festuca gracilenta Buckley 1932. Festuca octoflora  var. tenella  (Willd.) Fernald 1932. Festuca octoflora  var. glauca  (Nutt.) Fernald 1945. Vulpia octoflora  var. tenella  (Willd.) Fernald 1945. Vulpia octoflora  var. glauca  (Nutt.) Fernald | Northern six-weeks fescue ⓘ Eight-flowered six-weeks grass ⓘ Slender 8-flowered fescue ⓘ | Native, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C.Gmel.    Festuca megalura    Festuca myuros1805. Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C.Gmel.    Vulpia megalura | Annual fescue, Rat's-tail six-weeks grass | Introduced | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Vulpia (excluded taxa) | Fescue | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | X NPT |
| Vulpia bromoides (L.) Gray1753. Festuca bromoides L. 1785. Bromus dertonensis 1821. Vulpia bromoides (L.) Gray 1901. Festuca dertonensis in… 1904. Vulpia dertonensis (All.) Gola 1905. Vulpia dertonensis (All.) Volkart 1956. Vulpia dertonensis (All.) Parodi | Brome fescue, Brome six-weeks grass | Introduced, Impersistent | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |

#### Lolium

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Loliinae — Lolium :
| Genus Lolium | Rye grass | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Lolium multiflorum Lam. | Italian ryegrass, Ivraie multiflore, Ray-grass d'Italie | Introduced, GMW | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Lolium perenne L. | Ivraie vivace, Perennial ryegrass, Ray-grass anglais | Introduced, GMW | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Lolium persicum Boiss. & Hohen. ex Boiss. (1854)Lolium dorei B. Boivin | Ivraie de Perse, Persian darnel, Persian ryegrass | Introduced, Impersistent, GMW | NYFA: Xm | USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Lolium temulentum L.ssp. temulentum | Darnel, Darnel ryegrass, Ivraie enivrante | Introduced, GMW | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |

#### Schedonorus

* Schedonorus arundinaceusBecause the Festuca subgenus Schedonorus seems to be more similar to Lolium than to the rest of Festuca, some sources now treat it as its own genus while others now treat it as a subgenus of Lolium.
* Stephen J. Darbyshire (1993). "Realignment of Festuca subg. Schedonorus with the genus Lolium (Poaceae)". Novon. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. 3 (3): 239–243. JSTOR 3391460.
* • Stephen J. Darbyshire. "Schedonorus treatment". Grass Manual on the Web (updated 2009).
* • "Schedonorus P. Beauv". Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). 2010. Retrieved 27 February 2013. Current Standing: accepted
* • "Schedonorus P. Beauv". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). USDA-ARS. 13 August 2009. Retrieved 27 February 2013. Probable synonym of: Festuca L. … placed by some in Lolium L.
* • "Lolium giganteum (L.) Darbysh". Catalogue of New World Grasses. Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Loliinae — Schedonorus :
| Genus Schedonorus | Fescue, ryegrass | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P.Beauv. auct. Festuca elatior non L. (1753)1762. Festuca pratensis Huds.1812. Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P.Beauv.1993. Lolium pratense (Huds.) Darbysh. | Tall rye grass, Meadow rye grass, Meadow fescue | Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa, Potentially invasive, SNA, G5 FACU Perennial, Graminoid | present in most counties NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort1753. Festuca elatior L. nom. rej.1771. Poa phoenix Scop.1771. Festuca arundinacea Schreb.1789. Bromus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Roth1857. Festuca elatiorvar. arundinacea1867. Festuca elatiorssp. arundinacea1824. Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort1993. Lolium arundinaceum Darbysh.1998. S. phoenix (Scop.) Holub | Tall rye grass, Alta fescue, Tall fescue, Coarse fescue, Kentucky fescue, Reed fescueFétuque élevée | Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa, Moderately invasive,  NYIS: 65% FACU | present in at least 20 counties NYFA: X iNat | USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Schedonorus giganteus (L.) Holub1753. Bromus giganteus L.1787. Festuca gigantea (L.) Vill.1993. Lolium giganteum (L.) Darbysh.1998. Schedonorus giganteus (L.) Holub | Giant rye grass, Giant fescue | Introduced, Unknown naturalization | Bronx, Westchester (1882) NYFA: Xu | USDA-XX ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies Note: GMW |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Schedonorus arundinaceus: Moderate (65). ||||||

### Subtribe Parapholiinae

* Subtribe Parapholiinae Caro (1982) contains about 26 species in 8 genera: Agropyropsis, Catapodium, Cutandia, Desmazeria, Hainardia, Parapholis, Sphenopus, and Vulpiella.
* ↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

#### Catapodium

* Catapodium rigidumFerngrass (Catapodium rigidum) was collected from Monroe County but has not been reported to naturalize anywhere in the state.
Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Parapholiinae — Catapodium :
| Genus Catapodium | Fern grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Catapodium rigidum (L.) C.E. Hubb.ssp. rigidum1846. Scleropoa rigida (L.) Griseb. 1952. Desmazeria rigida (L.) Tutin 1953. Catapodium rigidum (L.) C.E. Hubb. | Ferngrass | Introduced, Impersistent | | NYFA: Xm | USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |

### Subtribe Alopecurinae

* Subtribe Alopecurinae worldwide contains 3 genera with 47 species. According to Soreng et. al. (2015) the genera of Alopecurinae were included in subtribe Poinae. But Soreng et. al. (2017) retained the separation, placing Alopecurinae in supersubtribe Poodinae within tribe Poeae.
* ↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150
* ↑ Soreng, R.J., Peterson, P.M., Romaschenko, K., Davidse, G., Teisher, J.K., Clark, L.G., Barberá, P., Gillespie, L.J. and Zuloaga, F.O. (2017), A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) II: An update and a comparison of two 2015 classifications. Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 55: 259-290. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12262

#### Alopecurus

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Alopecurinae — Alopecurus :
| Genus Alopecurus | Foxtail | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Alopecurus aequalis Sobol.var. aequalis1799. Alopecurus aequalis Sobol.1803. Alopecurus aristulatus Michx.1823. Alopecurus geniculatusvar. aristulatus1925. Alopecurus aequalisssp. aequalis1925. Alopecurus aequalisvar. aequalis1925. Alopecurus aequalisvar. natans | Shortawn foxtail, Short-awn foxtail, Short-awned foxtail, Short foxtail, Little meadow foxtail, Water foxtailVulpin à courtes arêtes | Native, Secure OBL Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Alopecurus carolinianus Walter | Tufted foxtail, Carolina foxtail, Carolina meadow foxtail | Introduced, N. America native, Weed Annual, Graminoid | NYFA: X | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Alopecurus geniculatus L. | Meadow foxtail, Water foxtail, Floating foxtail, Marsh foxtail, Marsh meadow-foxtail, Knee-joint foxtail | Introduced from  Eurasia, Weed FACW-OBL Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. | Slender meadow-foxtailVulpin des champs | Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa Annual, Graminoid | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Alopecurus pratensis L. | Meadow foxtail, Field meadow-foxtailVulpin des prés | Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies |

### Subtribe Beckmanniinae

* According to Soreng et. al. (2014) Beckmanniinae should be included in subtribe Poinae. But Soreng et. al. (2017) retained the separation, placing Alopecurinae in supersubtribe Poodinae within tribe Poeae.
* ↑ R.J.Soreng, et. al. (2014) A World-Wide Phylogenic Classification of Poaecea (Gramineae): căo (草), capim, çayır, çimen, darbha, ghaas, ghas, gish, gramas, graminius, gräser, grasses, gyokh, he-ben-ke, hullu, kasa, kusa, nyasi, pastos, pillu, pullu, zlaki, etc. (rev. 5 Apr 2014)
* ↑ Soreng, R.J., Peterson, P.M., Romaschenko, K., Davidse, G., Teisher, J.K., Clark, L.G., Barberá, P., Gillespie, L.J. and Zuloaga, F.O. (2017), A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) II: An update and a comparison of two 2015 classifications. Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 55: 259-290. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12262

#### Beckmannia

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Alopecurinae — Beckmannia :
| Genus Beckmannia | Sloughgrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fernald | American sloughgrass | Introduced, N. America native | | | ITIS Images Wikispecies |

### Subtribe Phleinae

* According to Soreng et. al. (2015) Phleinae should be included in subtribe Poinae. But Soreng et. al. (2017) retained the separation, placing Alopecurinae in supersubtribe Poodinae within tribe Poeae.
* ↑ R.J.Soreng, et. al. (2014) A World-Wide Phylogenic Classification of Poaecea (Gramineae): căo (草), capim, çayır, çimen, darbha, ghaas, ghas, gish, gramas, graminius, gräser, grasses, gyokh, he-ben-ke, hullu, kasa, kusa, nyasi, pastos, pillu, pullu, zlaki, etc. (rev. 5 Apr 2014)
* ↑ Soreng, R.J., Peterson, P.M., Romaschenko, K., Davidse, G., Teisher, J.K., Clark, L.G., Barberá, P., Gillespie, L.J. and Zuloaga, F.O. (2017), A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) II: An update and a comparison of two 2015 classifications. Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 55: 259-290. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12262

#### Phleum

* Phleum pratenseThe genus Phleum contains several grasses commonly called timothy. In New York State, it consists almost entirely of common timothy (Phleum pratense), which probably grows in every county and is listed as moderately invasive.
Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Phleinae — Phleum :
| Genus Phleum | Timothy | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Phleum pratense L. ssp. pratense1753. Phleum pratense L. 1778. P. pratense  var. nodosum  (L.) Huds. 1821. P. nodosum  var. pratense  (L.) St.-Amans 1824. P. pratense  ssp. nodosum  (L.) Dumort. 1854. P. intermedium Jord. 1859. P. parnassicum Boiss. (i) | Common timothy ⓘ Meadow timothy Timothy ⓘ Meadow cat's-tail ⓘ Fléole des près ⓘ | Introduced, Moderately invasive,  NYIS: 64% FACU | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Phleum arenarium L. | Sand timothy | Introduced, Impersistent | NYFA: Xm | USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies |
| Phleum paniculatum Huds. (1762)Phleum asperum (Retz.) Jacq. | British timothy | Introduced, Impersistent | NYFA: Xm | ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Phleum pratense: Moderate (64). ||||||

### Subtribe Poinae

* Subtribe Poinae Dumort. (1829) contains the genera Agrostopoa, Alopecurus, Aniselytron, Apera, Arctagrostis, Arctophila, Beckmannia, Bellardiochloa, Brizochloa(?), Cinna, Cornucopiae, Cyathopus, Dupontia, Dupontiopsis, Gaudiniopsis, Hookerochloa, Limnas, Nephelochloa, Nicoraepoa, Parvotrisetum, Phleum, Pholiurus, Poa, Pseudophleum, Rhizocephalus, Saxipoa, Simplicia, Sylvipoa, Ventenata.
* ↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

#### Poa

* Poa is the largest genus of grasses and contains over 500 species throughout temperate and boreal regions in both hemispheres. North American Poa species are generally known as bluegrass. The system used here for subgeneric Poa organization is based on Gillespie and Soreng (2005). The subgenera names use here are those proposed in Gillespie et al. (2007).
* ↑ Lynn J. Gillespie and Robert J. Soreng (2005) "A Phylogenetic Analysis of the Bluegrass Genus Poa Based on cpDNA restriction site data." Systematic Botany Vol. 30, No. 1 (Jan. - Mar., 2005), pp. 84–105 Published by: American Society of Plant Taxonomists.
* ↑ Gillespie, Lynn J.; Archambault, Annie; and Soreng, Robert J. (2007) "Phylogeny of Poa (Poaceae) Based on trnT–trnF Sequence Data: Major Clades and Basal Relationships," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 23: Iss. 1, Article 33.

##### Poa subg. Arctopoa

* Poa subg. Arctopoa Grisebach (1971) is here considered equivalent of the ArcSyl clade, made up of subg. Arctopa sections Arctopa and Aphydris, and previous subg. Poa sect. Sylvestris: ( Arctopoa + Sylvestres ). It is considered to be the basal clade of the genus Poa. Subgenus Arctopoa comprises five species in two sections found in seashore and interior wetland habitats of northern, cool temperate regions.

###### Poa subg. Arctopoa sect. Sylvestres

* Poa alsodes
Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Arctopoa sect. Sylvestres :
| Genus Poa subg. Arctopoa sect. Sylvestres | Bluegrass | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Poa alsodes A.Gray1856. Poa alsodes A.Gray | Grove blue grass ⓘ Grove bluegrass Grove meadow grass ⓘ | Native, CoC: 3, Secure, S5, G4-5 FAC-FACW Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: 5 iNat | USDA-NN Go Botany Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Poa saltuensis Fernald & Wiegandssp. languida (A.S. Hitchc.) A. Haines        Poa debilis Torr.    Poa saltuensisssp. languida | Weak bluegrass, Woodland bluegrass, Oldpasture bluegrass | Native, Secure | NYFA: 5 iNat | USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Poa saltuensis Fernald & Wiegandssp. saltuensis | Common weak bluegrass, Drooping bluegrass, Oldpasture bluegrass | Native, Secure | NYFA: 5 iNat | USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |
| Poa sylvestris A.Gray1848. Poa sylvestris A.Gray | Woodland bluegrass, Forest bluegrassPâturin des forêts | Native, Endangered | NYFA: 1 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |

###### Poa subg. Arctopoa sect. Arctopoa

* Poa arida
Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Arctopoa sect. Arctopoa :
| Genus Poa subg. Arctopoa sect. Arctopoa | Bluegrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Poa arida Vasey1893. Poa arida Vasey 1896. Poa pseudopratensis Scribn. & Rydb. 1899. Poa glaucifolia Scribn. & T.A. Williams | Plains bluegrass | Introduced from  great plains, N. America native | | Ontario (1981) NYFA: X | USDA-NN ARS-GRIN NWG Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |

##### Poa subg. Ochlopoa

* Poa subg. Ochlopoa (Ascherson & Graebner) Hylander (1953) is here treated as equivalent to the BAPO clade, comprising previous subg. Poa sections: ( ( Bolbophorum + Alpinae ) ( Parodiochloa + Ochlopoa ) ).

###### Poa subg. Ochlopoa sect. Micrantherae

* Poa annuaAnnual bluegrass (Poa annua) is the only annual species of Poa present outside of cultivation in New York State. It is listed in Randall 2012 as one of the most aggressive weeds invading areas in all continents from sea level up to 4000 ft. in elevation. It is the only alien plant having a successfully established population in maritime Antarctica.
* ↑ Randall RP, 2012. A Global Compendium of Weeds. Perth, Australia: Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, 1124 pp.
* ↑ Halina Galera, Agnieszka Rudak, Ewa A. Czyż, Katarzyna J. Chwedorzewska, Anna Znój, Maciej Wódkiewicz, "The role of the soil seed store in the survival of an invasive population of Poa annua at Point Thomas Oasis, King George Island, maritime Antarctica." Global Ecology and Conservation, Vol. 19, 2019, e00679, ISSN 2351-9894, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00679.
Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Ochlopoa sect. Micrantherae :
| Genus Poa subg. Ochlopoa sect. Micrantherae | Bluegrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Poa annua L.1753. Poa annua L. 1814. Aira pumila Pursh 1830. Poa aestivalis J. Presl 1891. Poa annua  var. reptans  Hausskn. 2003. Ochlopoa annua (L.) H. Scholz | Annual blue grass ⓘ Annual bluegrass Annual meadow grass Annual meadowgrass ⓘ Speargrass | Introduced from  Eurasia, Widespread weed, Naturalized Annual, Graminoid | | NYFA: X iNat | USDA-XX Go Botany Tropicos BONAP CABI Images Wikispecies |
| Genus  (excluded taxa) | Bluegrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY /NPT |
| Poa chapmaniana Scribn.1894. Poa chapmaniana Scribn. | Chapman bluegrass, Chapman's bluegrass | Introduced from  southeast US, N. America native, Excluded Annual, Graminoid | | excluded NYFA-Excluded iNat | USDA-XX Go Botany Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |

###### Poa subg. Ochlopoa sect. Arenariae

* Poa bulbosaBulbous bluegrass (Poa bulbosa)
Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Ochlopoa sect. Arenariae :
| Genus Poa subg. Ochlopoa sect. Arenariae | Bluegrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Poa bulbosa L.ssp. vivipara (Koeler) Arcang.1799. Poa crispa Thuill. 1802. Poa bulbosa  var. vivipara  Koeler 1882. Poa bulbosa  ssp. vivipara  (Koeler) Arcang. 1915. Paneion bulbosum  var. viviparum  (Koeler) Lunell 1955. Poa bulbosa  f. vivipara  (Koeler) Maire 1972. Poa bulbosa  ssp. crispa  (Thuill.) Tzvelev | Bulbous blue grass Bulbous bluegrass Viviparous bulbous bluegrass ⓘ Bulbous meadow-grass Pâturin vivipare ⓘ Pâturin bulbeux vivipare ⓘ | Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa, Somewhat invasive,  NYIS: 49% Perennial, Graminoid | | Albany, Bronx, Broome, Kings, Nassau, Queens, Saratoga, Suffolk, Tompkins, Westchester NYFA: Xn | USDA-X0 Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Genus  (excluded taxa) | Bluegrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY /NPT |
| Poa bulbosa L.ssp. bulbosa1753. Poa bulbosa L. 1802. Poa bulbosa  var. bulbosa   1882. Poa bulbosa  ssp. bulbosa | Bulbous bluegrass | Introduced, N.Y. excluded Perennial, Graminoid | | excluded NYFA-Excluded | USDA-X0 Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Poa bulbosa: Low (49). ||||||

##### Poa subg. Stenopoa

* Poa subg. Stenopoa (Dumortier) Soreng & L. J. Gillespie, Aliso (2006) is here considered to be equivalent to the SPOSTA clade, made up of members of sections:
* ( Secundae ( Pandemos ( Oreinos + Stenopoa + Tichopoa + Abbreviatae ) ) ).

###### Poa subg. Stenopoa sect. Stenopoa

* Poa palustris
Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Stenopoa :
| Genus Poa subg. Stenopa sect. Stenopoa | Bluegrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Poa palustris L.1759. Poa palustris L. | Fowl bluegrass, Meadowgrass | Native, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Poa glaucassp. glauca | Glaucous bluegrass | Native, Endangered | | NYFA: 2 | Images Wikispecies |
| Poa interior Rydb. | Inland bluegrass | Native, No recent reports, Endangered | | NYFA: 1 | Images Wikispecies |
| Poa nemoralis L.1753. Poa nemoralis L. 1753. Agrostis alba L. 1808. Poa glaucantha Schleich. ex Gaudin 1915. Agrestis alba  (L.) Lunell 1915. Paneion nemorale (L.) Lunell | Woodland bluegrass, Woods bluegrass, Wood bluegrass | Introduced | | NYFA: Xn | USDA-MM Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Poa subg. Stenopa (excluded taxa) | Bluegrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Poa laxa Haenkessp. laxa | Mt. Washington bluegrass | N. America native, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |
| Poa glauca × laxa Haenke | Hybrid of  gaucous bluegrass &  Mt. Washington bluegrass | Native, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |

###### Poa subg. Stenopoa sect. Oreinos

* Poa laxa
Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Stenopoa sect. Oreinos :
| Genus Poa subg. Stenopa sect. Oreinos | Bluegrass | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Poa laxa Haenkessp. fernaldiana (Nannf.) Hyl.1935. Poa fernaldiana Nannf.1953. Poa laxassp. fernaldiana Hyl.1964. Poa flexuosassp. fernaldianaÁ. Löve & D. Löve | Fernald's bluegrass | Native, Endangered, NYNHP: 1 | Essex (1890-1990) NYFA: 1 | USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |
| Poa paludigena | Slender marsh bluegrass, Bog bluegrass | Native, Endangered | NYFA: 1 | Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program (2021). Online Conservation Guide for Poa laxa ssp. fernaldiana. ||||||

###### Poa subg. Stenopoa sect. Pandemos

* Poa trivialisRough bluegrass (Poa trivialis)
Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Stenopoa sect. Pandemos :
| Genus Poa subg. Stenopa sect. Pandemos | Bluegrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Poa trivialis L.ssp. trivialis1753. Poa trivialis L.1854. Poa attica Boiss. & Heldr. | Rough bluegrass, Rough-sheathed bluegrass, Rough-stalk bluegrass, Rough-stalk meadow grass, Scribner bluegrass, Scribner's bluegrass | Introduced from  Europe, Widespread weed, Naturalized, SNA, GNR FACW Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies |

###### Poa subg. Stenopoa sect. Tichopoa

* Poa compressa
Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Stenopoa sect. Tichopoa :
| Genus Poa subg. Stenopa sect. Tichopoa | Bluegrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Poa compressa L.1753. Poa compressa L. | Flat-stemmed blue grass ⓘ Canada blue grass ⓘ Canada bluegrass ⓘ Flattened meadow grass ⓘ Wiry bluegrass | Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa, Moderately invasive,  NYIS: 69%, CP-2 FAC Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: Xn | USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Poa compressa: Moderate (69). ↑ Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Plantations' accessioned collections (2009) ||||||

##### Poa subg. Poa

* The Poa subgenus is here considered to be composed of the HAMBADD clade (supersect. Homalopoa) and the PoM clade (supersect. Poa).

###### Poa subg. Poa sect. Homalopoa

* Poa pratensis
Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Poa :
| Genus Poa sect. Homalopoa | Bluegrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Poa cuspidataPoa brachyphylla | Early bluegrass | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, S1, G5 Perennial, Graminoid | | Monroe (2013), New York (1897), Richmond, Yates NYFA: 1 | USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies |
| Poa chaixii Vill. | Chaiz bluegrass, Broadleaf bluegrass | Introduced | | NYFA: X | Images Wikispecies |

###### Poa subg. Poa sect. Poa

* Poa pratensisKentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) is listed as invasive in New York State North American sources treat Poa pratensis ssp. angustifolia as a subspecies, European sources appear to have reverted to treating these two taxa a distinct species.
* ↑ Poa pratensis L. (Kentucky bluegrass). 2009 New York Invasiveness Rank: Moderate (67.78).
* ↑ Poa pratensis in Robert J. Soreng, Flora of North America, Vol. 24 (Poaceae), p. 522.
* ↑ Poa angustifolia in Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Poa :
| Genus Poa sect. Poa | Bluegrass | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Poa pratensis L. ssp. pratensis1753. Poa pratensis L. 1800. Poa pratensis  var. pratensis   1828. Poa pratensis  ssp. pratensis   1915. Paneion pratense (L.) Lunell 1938. Poa peckii Chase | Common Kentucky bluegrass ⓘ Kentucky bluegrass ⓘ Smooth meadow grass ⓘ Smooth meadow-grass ⓘ Pâturin des prés ⓘ Wiesenrispengras ⓘ | Introduced from  Eurasia, n.Africa, Moderately invasive,  NYIS: 68%, SNA, G5 FACU Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: X iNat GBIF | USDA-XX WFO POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN NWG Tropicos CABI Images Wikispecies |
| Poa angustifolia L.1753. Poa angustifolia L. 1800. Poa pratensis  var. angustifolia  Sm. 1828. Poa pratensis  ssp. angustifolia  (L) Lej. 1882. Poa pratensis  ssp. angustifolia  (L.) Arcang.** | Narrow-leaved Kentucky blue grass ⓘ Narrow-leaf meadow grass ⓘ Schmalblättriges Rispengras ⓘ Smalgröe ⓘ | Introduced from  Europe,  temperate Asia, Naturalized, SNA FACU Perennial, Graminoid | NYFA: X iNat GBIF | USDA- WFO POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN NWG Tropicos CABI Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Poa pratensis: Moderate (68). ||||||

#### Cinna

* Cinna latifoliaAccording to Soreng et. al. (2014) Cinna should be included in Poinae.
* ↑ R.J.Soreng, et. al. (2014) A World-Wide Phylogenic Classification of Poaecea (Gramineae): căo (草), capim, çayır, çimen, darbha, ghaas, ghas, gish, gramas, graminius, gräser, grasses, gyokh, he-ben-ke, hullu, kasa, kusa, nyasi, pastos, pillu, pullu, zlaki, etc. (rev. 5 Apr 2014)
Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Cinna :
| Genus Cinna | Wood reed | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Cinna arundinacea L.1753. Cinna arundinacea L. | Stout woodreed ⓘ Sweet woodreed ⓘ Sweet wood-reed ⓘ Wood reedgrass Wood-reed ⓘ | Native, CoC: 7, Secure, S5 FACW Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany NWG Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Cinna latifolia (Trevir. ex Göpp.) Griseb.1830. Agrostis latifolia Trevir. ex Göpp. 1832. Muhlenbergia pendula Trin. 1841. Cinna pendula Trin. 1852. Cinna latifolia (Trevir. ex Göpp.) Griseb. 1856. Cinna arundinacea  var. pendula  (Trin.) A. Gray | Drooping woodreed Drooping wood-reed ⓘ Slender wood reedgrass | Native, CoC: 7, Secure, S5, G5 FACW Perennial, Graminoid | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

#### Apera

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Apera :
| Genus Apera | Silky bent | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Apera interrupta (L.) P.Beauv.    Agrostis interrupta    Apera interrupta P.Beauv. | Dense silky bentgrass, Interrupted windgrass | Introduced, Naturalized, SNA, GNR | | Delaware, Lewis NYFA: X | USDA-XX Images Wikispecies |
| Apera spica-venti | Silky bentgrass, Loose silkybent, Common windgrass | Introduced, Unk. naturalization, SNA, GNR | | Bronx, New York, Rensselaer NYFA: Xun | USDA-XX Images Wikispecies |

#### Ventenata

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Ventenata :
| Genus Ventenata Köhler (excluded taxa) | North Africa grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Ventenata dubia (Leers) Coss.1775. Avena dubia Leers 1802. Ventenata avenacea Koeler 1855. Ventenata dubia (Leers) Coss. 1855. Ventenata dubia (Leers) Durieu 1912. Heteranthus dubius (Leers) Thell. | North Africa grass | Introduced from  eastern Europe, N.Y. excluded Annual, Graminoid | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |