# Mobility 2050/Learning from Success Stories
## Introduction and Methodology

The current state of mobility in the United States is an overwhelming dependence on personal vehicles. The convenience and independence that comes with personal vehicles have become ingrained in American culture. A commuter survey found that 73% of Americans drive alone. While public transportation is an option, most U.S. cities have inefficient and unreliable systems that inhibit people from using them as their primary means of transportation. In 2019, the U.S. ranked No. 48 in railroads and No. 36 in infrastructure. Micro-mobility options like biking and walking remain disfavored due to lack of infrastructure, longer commutes, and safety concerns. The same commuter study found that only 11% of Americans cycle to work. Walking was not listed as a commute option. Transportation is the largest contributor to greenhouse gasses in the U.S. contributing to 29% of total emissions. There is a need for change, but what will this change look like? When considering the future, it is important to look to the past or to other countries for examples on how sustainable mobility has progressed. Learning from success stories can give insight to how communities react to change, how quickly they progress, and how they employ change. Examples from other countries prove useful given the US mobility state is inferior to many nations, but sometimes external factors that are not replicable can be the cause of success. Many of the success stories highlighted below are from Europe. They were selected because of their ability to be transplanted in the US, given the geography and structure of our country. Success stories that rely on dissimilarities from the US, such as extremely dense cities, were not selected. Other times, the takeaway from a success story was an idea or a theme, rather than a suggestion to transplant. This methodology allows European examples to be feasible.
There is an important distinction that needs to be made when predicting the future: the difference between what we want to happen versus what will likely happen. One of the most crucial factors for the success of mobility in the future is for society to develop a preference for alternate mobility (i.e. beyond cars and planes). However, it doesn’t seem likely that the U.S. will be there in 2050. In the Netherlands, a place now known as the biking capital of the world, bikes took around 100 years to catch on. The bicycle was introduced in the 1820s, but it wasn’t until the 1930s when Dutch royals took engagement photos on bikes that their popularity surged. As such, the U.S., a country which has been historically adverse to social change, will also be slow to change in the world of mobility. Given these visions are only 26 years ahead, feasibility and realism are underlying principles in all of the predictions for 2050.

## Ridership From Apps and Influencers

The use of technology will be an important influence on user preference of mobility in 2050. In Berlin, a holistic transportation ticketing app system is used to better convenience and support mobility. The Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG) app is the official ticket-purchasing app for public transport in Berlin and allows its users to buy tickets for multiple methods of transportation including train, subway, tram, bus, bicycling, and more. One of the app's most appealing attributes is the option to pay a fixed low monthly fee of €49 to use all forms of transportation throughout Germany. Various other ticket purchase options are available, such as 24-hr, 7-day, large group, and family tickets to encourage all travelers to invoke public transportation methods instead of personal automobiles. This app demonstrates a government’s commitment to a more efficient city mobility system by making public transport convenient, accessible, and easy to navigate. Citizens can avoid waiting for ticket machines while simultaneously being recommended the most efficient transportation options by the app. Biking, riding scooters, walking, ridesharing, and taking buses and trains will become more convenient and popular through these apps, and they will help close the gap between transit company differences across cities. As it stands in 2023, there are different companies in each city in charge of lightweight electric options like bikes and scooters. If you visit more than one city, the system is difficult to utilize as it requires learning and downloading more applications. The same goes for buses and trains, which are sometimes even limited to websites or ticket counters. In Charlottesville, VA, there are three bus systems and consequently three different apps, despite having some overlapping routes. Apps such as Berlin’s BVG deter personal vehicles and encourage effective, productive, and straightforward methods of mobility for individuals to employ. The introduction of a universal app and ticketing system like Berlin’s will create a more user friendly system by 2050.
Another recent development in the world of technology provides a unique opportunity for the future of transit. In 2050, influencers will be used as marketers for public transit and alternate mobility options. Influencers will create social change in a discrete way by using alternate mobility options and inspiring their followers to do this same. An example of an influencer popularizing public transport is the “Tube girl” trend of 2023 where a woman filmed herself dancing on London’s underground train or “Tube” system. Not only did the trend receive almost 300 million views, she sparked millions of recreations of her video around the world, consequently increasing the ridership of public transit systems. Although this trend happened by accident, in 2050 there will be corporations or transportation departments paying individuals to deliberately promote ridership, similar to how brand deals occur.

## Low-budget Techniques and Advocacy Groups

In addition to the need for societal preference, there is a need for government regulation and infrastructure changes. In 2050, most of these changes will be in the form of low-budget techniques. While regulation can be effective in the long-term, more realistic infrastructure methods can be employed in the short term in order to facilitate progress. An example of these low-budget, less intensive, yet effective techniques is Paris’ pop-up bicycle lanes. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Paris introduced fifty two kilometers of pop-up bicycle lanes separated from motorized traffic. The bike lanes were quickly installed with staggered concrete blocks and plastic posts and allowed for Parisians to bike around the newly bike friendly city. While Paris had previously built bike lanes, the pop-up bike lanes were found to be more efficient in encouraging biking, as they were more likely to be bi-directional and physically separated from motor vehicle-traffic. Between 2020-2021, cycling traffic in Paris grew by a staggering 70%. This example illustrates how quick, low-budget, and little legislation mobility improvements can have desirable results. The U.S. has already seen instances of this technique in Baltimore, MD. Pop-up bike lanes and other low-budget techniques are suitable for rural environments and for urban sprawl, which is another reason these will see success in the U.S. in 2050.
Unlike Paris, we see the addition of pop up bike lanes to be largely driven by advocacy groups such as the PeopleForBikes coalition or the League of American Bicyclists rather than by government officials. There will likely be some resistance at first, potentially in the form of vandalism, angry drivers removing or crashing into pop-up lanes, government removal of the bike lanes, or autonomous vehicles unable to recognize their significance. However, by 2050, there will be more acceptance of the low budget techniques, and in some places they may become permanent. The local government will recognize citizens' desire for safe infrastructure, and begin to create more regulation around biking/walking paths, including preserving temporary techniques. These low-budget, advocacy-driven techniques will be the first to be implemented, and will be most prevalent by 2050.

## Transit Hubs and Corporations

In addition to advocacy groups, corporations will also be pioneering change in the future. In 2050 we will see train and bus stations becoming a hub for shopping, dining, and traveling. Besides airports and major cities, the U.S. rarely capitalizes on the influence of business to attract more travelers. Bus and train stations are merely the access points to a single transit service in the U.S., but they can be redesigned to be much more. European transportation hubs are useful examples of how retail shops, restaurants, perfume/cosmetic shops, and more can be centered in mass transit stations to allow for a more enjoyable, and therefore, repeatable, public transportation experience. Individuals can use the train to go to work, but they can also enjoy a breakfast before leaving. Individuals can use the bus to visit their families for the holidays, but they can also purchase gifts before leaving. The public transportation experience must surpass that of the personal automobile experience in order to see an increase in users of public transport. While it may be a more subconscious motive, communities desire an inviting community gathering place in forms of these transportation hubs, but they also need a way to get there. A train station with no access by bus, bike, or walking is futile when a rider would need to drive anyways to arrive at the train station. For this reason, European transport centers also include other transit options, often having bus, tram, train stations, and bike parking garages in one place. By 2050, stores and restaurants will have capitalized on retail space at train and bus stations, especially with train infrastructure on the rise. Bus systems will have recognized the need to make transport hubs accessible and will add multiple stops nearby. Additional infrastructure promoting accessibility at these hubs such as bike parking garages may not be common in 2050, but will be soon to follow.

## Government Action

Despite the majority of change coming from non-governmental organizations, the U.S. government will be joining or forming international committees for transit goals in 2050. These committees are similar to the European Institute for Innovation and Technology’s (EIT) successful endeavor called the “City Club.” The “City Club” is where leaders from major European cities meet to discuss past and future action to improve transit and mobility. Not only does this encourage communication and collaboration, it also fosters competitiveness, which was arguably the biggest factor to its success. Every politician wants to create the “best” city and every politician wants to be reelected. When officials from different cities are put in one room, not only will they share ideas, but they will develop a desire to be better or more advanced than each other. For mobility and sustainable transportation, a competitive environment is favorable. By 2050 the U.S. will have been involved with these committees for just a few years. Already behind other countries in their mobility efforts, the competitiveness of these environments will encourage more sustainable mobility action and allocation of resources from the U.S. government in 2050.
In 2050 we still see highways expanding, although the rate of expanding and building new roads will slow. Where permanent bike lanes and walking paths are installed by 2050 will mostly be limited to affluent neighborhoods as it will take time before this infrastructure is given priority and attention elsewhere, despite the need to engage with unserved communities. With transportation emissions reductions being a huge factor in meeting climate goals set for 2030, 2035, and 2050, there will be an extension of climate goals in 2050. The U.S. will require too drastic of changes to meet these goals in time.

## Variables

With any predictions for the future, it is important to note the variables that can affect the outcome of a vision. The current infrastructure of the U.S. values cars over pedestrians. Large highways and sprawled suburban communities create difficulty in implementing more sustainable alternate mobility options. Further investment into a car-centric society could slow the implementation of our visions. Despite growing sustainability concerns, the US has a strong societal and cultural reluctance to break the dependence on personal vehicles. With only two extreme political parties, our visions are highly dependent upon the decisions made by the party in power and how society reacts to them. The actions of a government, the resources it can devote to transportation infrastructure, and the focus of society have the potential to be redirected if the U.S. becomes involved in war before 2050, which is a serious concern as of 2024. Despite the potential influence from external variables, the visions for 2050 are proven feasible by the success stories of the mobility pioneers of the past.
* 1 2 Steinbach, R.; Tefft, B.C. (2023). "American Driving Survey: 2022" (PDF). AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety.
* ↑ Duncan, Ian (2021-04-30). "Here’s how U.S. infrastructure compares to the rest of the world" (in en-US). Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. https://www.washingtonpost.com/transportation/2021/04/30/us-infrastructure-ranking/.
* ↑ "United States Transportation greenhouse gas emissions, by source". 2023-02-01.
* ↑ Nwanazia, C (2021-06-29). "How the Netherlands became a cycling country | DutchReview". Dutchreview. Retrieved 2023-12-08.
* ↑ "Runs so you don't have to: The Official BVG website". BVG. 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
* ↑ Navlakha, Meera (2023-09-18). "TikTok's Tube Girl has everyone talking". Mashable. Retrieved 2023-12-08.
* ↑ Wilson, Kea (2022-10-13). "Cycling Through COVID-19: Paris — Streetsblog USA". usa.streetsblog.org. Retrieved 2023-12-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
* ↑ Thomas, Michael. "How Paris Is Taking Back Its Streets From Cars". www.distilled.earth. Retrieved 2023-12-08.
* ↑ "Transforming Streets: Baltimore's "Pop-Up" Protected Bike Lane". Kittelson & Associates, Inc. Retrieved 2024-05-03.
* ↑ Kiger, Patrick (2023). "Soccer, Shopping, Dining: Mass Transit Stations Aren't Just for Travel Anymore". HowStuffWorks. Retrieved 2023-12-08.
* ↑ Ilenič, Anja; Mauko Pranjić, Alenka; Kokot, Darko; Mladenovič, Ana; Košir, Mateja (2021). "The EIT Urban Mobility Knowledge and Innovation Community: More pleasant and sustainable living in European cities through innovative mobility solutions". Urbani Izziv. 32 (2): 136–140. ISSN 0353-6483.
* ↑ "National Climate Task Force". The White House. Retrieved 2023-12-08.
* ↑ Rolser, Ole; Smeets, Bram; Rune, van der Meijden (2022). "The global energy landscape to 2050: Emissions | McKinsey". www.mckinsey.com. Retrieved 2023-12-08.