OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Structural Biochemistry/Analyzing and visualizing residue networks of protein structures
## Introduction

To understand structure-function relationships, it is crucial to study the individual amino acid residues and each of their molecular interactions in protein structures. Experiments and work have been conducted, observing that residue networks created by a 3D protein structure provides more insight into structural and functional roles of interacting residues. There are software tools called the RINerator and RINalyzer to see the 2D visualization.

## Protein structure visualization and residue networks

Viewing a 3D protein structure has been accessible by using X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy. Although 2D visualization is very important in terms of observing structures of proteins, 2D representations of RINs have started to become popular. RINs simplify the visual complexity of 3D protein structures and allows the scientist to focus on individual residues and their interactions within the molecular level. RIN is derived from 3D coordinates of a protein model. Each RIN is composed of nodes, representing amino acid residues. RINs can study residue interactions in many application scenarios, like, with regard to protein dynamics. Recently, RINs have been applied to study protein-ligand interactions and to observe the structural and functional effects of residue changes under drug use or disease.

## Visual analysis of RINs

The RINalyzer (http://www.rinalyzer.de) is a software tool that provides versatile structural analysis tools for RINs and one can observe the structure in either 2D or 3D. Residue nodes of interest are automatically highlighted in the RINalyzer. Cytoscape plugin structureViz (http://www.cgl.ucsf.edu/cytoscape/structureViz/) analyzes and supports the structural analysis of protein-to-protein interactions.

## Network approaches to protein structure analysis

One software feature is the ability to perform analysis of residue interactions by comparing the residues with one another by loooking at the similarities and differences between two proteins. One can also observe the binding site similarities.

## Generation of RINs

The RINerator module generates RINs from a 3D protein structure. This provides a more realistic visual by sampling contacts on the Van der Waals surface on each atom. By doing this, different residue interaction types can be observed and the strength of the interactions can be determined as well.

## References

Doncheva, Nadezhda T, et al. "Analyzing and visualizing residue networks of protein structures" Trends in Biochemical Sciences 36.4 (2011) 179-182. Academic Search Complete. Web. 05 December. 2012.
# Structural Biochemistry/Amphetamine
## Overview

Amphetamine is an appetite suppressant, which is insoluble in water. After taking amphetamine, the nerves and the brain are stimulated, thus leading to faster heart beats, higher blood pressure, and ultimately resulting in less appetite. This drug is famous for treating narcolepsy and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder, defined by sleeping excessively. ADHD is characterized by inattention, over-activity, or a mixture of both.

## Who cannot take amphetamine?

Pregnant women and mother who provides breast feeding are forbidden to take amphetamine because there might be unexpected drug effects that pass from the mother to the baby, unless they consult with a doctor before hands. People who have the following characteristics should not take amphetamine:
* Heart problem
* High blood pressure
* Arteriosclerosis (arteries hardening caused by accumulating fats in the arteries)
* Hyperthyroidism (excess of thyroid hormone in the thyroid gland)
* Glaucoma (damage of nerves in the eye)

## Underdose and Overdose

In the case of underdose, take amphetamine at the next scheduled time if it is evening time because the amphetamine might lead to insomnia if the dose is taken at late night. In the case of overdose, one should immediately seek help from the doctor. The effects of overdose are severe; they include hallucination, nausea, diarrhea, seizure, and many others.

## Side Effects

Common side effects of amphetamine are listed below; however, one should notify the doctor about these side effects. If one has severe side effects, then stop taking amphetamine. If one has light side effects, then continue taking amphetamine.
    Severe side effects:
* Allergy (especially in the throat, on lips, face, tongue)
* Abnormal heartbeat
* High blood pressure
* Hallucination
    Light side effects:
* Anxiety
* Slight headache
* Insomnia
* Diarrhea/constipation
* Impotence

## Limitations of amphetamine

Amphetamine might not function properly if one is taking it along with some other drugs or special adjustment to the dosage might be needed if there is another drug that one is taking. Below are some of the drugs that might affect amphetamine:
* Insulin
* Antihypertensive drug
* Drug to treat enlarged prostate
* Antidepressant (especially if it is tricyclic structure)
* Antihistaminic drugs
* Drugs to treat psychotic disorders

## Reference

http://www.drugs.com/amphetamine.html http://www.nlm.nih.gov
# Structural Biochemistry/Amsacrine

Amsacrine

## Description

Amsacrine is a potent intercalating antineoplastic agent. It is effective in the treatment of adult acute leukemias and malignant lymphomas, but not effective in the treatment of solid tumors. It is frequently used in combination with other antineoplastic agents in chemotherapy.

## Usage

Injectable (Intravenous Route)

## Side Effects

* Black stools
* cough or hoarseness
* fever or chills
* painful or difficult urination
* pinpoint red spots on skin
* sores, ulcers, or white spots on lips, tongue, or inside mouth
* Abdominal pain or tenderness
* blurred vision
* fast, pounding, or irregular heartbeat or pulse
* palpitations
* seizures
* yellow eyes or skin

## Mechanism of Actions

The DNA is wound around basic proteins called histones and is tighly coiled or supercoiled. Sequences of DNA must be unwound or relaxed before they can be processed by DNA processing enzymes. Topoisomerase II or TopoII is one enzyme that can process DNA. TopoII temporarily breaks the DNA strand and allows both ends to freely rotate within the enzyme. This allows the DNA to unwind. After the DNA is processed, the enzyme then reconnects the two ends.
Amsacrine kills cancerous cells by inhibiting the Topo II enzyme. It stabilizes the enzyme with the broken DNA strand complex long enough for the enzyme-DNA complex to break down completely. When the DNA is destroyed, the cancerous cells will be eventually killed.

## References

"Amsacrine." Scott Hamilton CARES Initiative. N.p.. Web. 07 Dec 2012. <http://chemocare.com/chemotherapy/drug-info/Amsacrine.aspx> Grove, WR, CL Fortner, and PH Wiernik. "Clinical Pharmacy." Clinical Pharmacy. Jul-Aug. (1982): 320-26. Print.
# Pinyin/Hangzhou

Hangzhou is situated in the southeastern part of China near the seashore. It is in the northern part of Zhejiang province. It is at the northern shore of the Qiantang river. It is at the southern end of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal. Hangzhou is the capital of Zhejiang province. It is a sub-provincial city. It is an important transportation center in the southeastern part of China. It is a sub-core city of the Chang Jiang Delta Economic Zone - the largest economic zone in China. Its area is 4,876km2. Its population is 8,800,000+.
Harngzhou weihyur ZG dongnarnbuh haaibian fuhjihn, Zhehjiang-sheeng beeibuh, Qiarntarng Jiang beei`ahn, Beeijing-Harngzhou Yuhnher narnduan. Harngzhou shih Zhehjiang d sheenghuih. ta shih fuh-sheengjir cherngshih. ta shih ZG dongnarnbuh d zhohngyaoh jiaotong zhongxin. ta shih ZG zuihdah jingjihquan - Charng Jiang Sanjiaaozhou Jingjihquan d fuh-zhongxin cherngshih. ta d miahnji 4876km2, rernkoou 880'0000+.
# Pinyin/Happily
## Adverb

* happily: in a happy way
** kuaihleh dy: zaih xihngfur d zhuahngtaih

## See also

* happy
* happiness
# Pinyin/Hanzi

Special:search/Hanzi prefix:Pinyin/
Hanzi are symbols used to write the Chinese languages.
Hahnzih shih shuxiee Hahnyuu d furhaoh.
Hanzi is a written form in Chinese language. Another Chinese written form is Pinyin.
Hànzì shì Zhōngwén de yizhoong shuxiee xíngshì. lihngyizhoong Zhōngwén shūxiě xíngshì shì Pīnyīn.
# Pinyin/Happen

to happen: something to occur
fasheng: mooushihwuh chuxiahn
# Pinyin/Harbin

Harbin is situated at the north of China's Dongbei region. It is the capital of Heilongjiang province. It is an important key city of Dongbei. It is, in the north of Dongbei, the center of politics, economy, culture and transportation. It is also, in the sub-provincial cities of China, the super city with the biggest in area and the second largest in population. Harbin has an area of 53,068km2, with a population of 10,640,000.
Harbin weihyur ZG Dongbeei dihqu d beeibuh. ta shih Heilorngjiang-sheeng d sheenghuih. ta shih Dongbeei zhohngyaoh d zhongxin cherngshih. ta shih Dongbeei beeibuh zhehngzhih, jingjih, wernhuah her jiaotong zhongxin. ta yeeshih ZG fuh-sheengjir cherngshih zhong miahnji zuihdah, rernkoou dih-2 duo d tehdah cherngshih. Harbin miahnji 5'3068km2, rernkoou 1064'0000.
# Pinyin/Hard

See also
# Pinyin/Hardening

Search Pinyin hardening
# Pinyin/Happiness
## Noun

* happiness: the feeling of being happy
** xihngfur: kuaihleh d gaanjuer

## See also

* happy
* happily
# Pinyin/Happy
## Adjective

* happy: feeling pleased and satisfied
** kuaihleh d: gaanjuer yurkuaih her maanzur

## See also

* happily
* happiness

## Internal searches

happy
# Pinyin/Harbor

A Harbor is an area of water that boats to stay.
Hǎigǎng shì chuánzhī tíngbó de shuǐyù.
# Open Education Practices: A User Guide for Organisations/Credits

Authors: Leigh Blackall, with a contribution from Ruth Jelley
Editors: Bronwyn Hegarty and Leigh Blackall
Researchers: Russell Butson, Shelagh Ferguson, Carla Thomson, Leigh Blackall and Ruth Jelley
Funding: Ako Aotearoa: Regional Hub Project Fund
Citation: Blackall, L. & Hegarty, B. (2012). Open Education Practices: A User Guide for Organisations. Wikibooks. Retrieved from https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Open_Education_Practices:_A_User_Guide_for_Organisations

# Contents

Preface | Download or order book | Introduction | Foreword | Cape Town Declaration | Video: OER at OP | Literature Review | Resources and Practices | Development | Intellectual Property Policy | Educational Development | Models of Open Education | Measuring Open Education | Recommendations | Incentives and Rewards | A word on ICT | Libraries are critical | Marketing | Responses | Credits | Resources
# Open Education Practices: A User Guide for Organisations

The initial production of this user guide was funded by Ako Aotearoa's Regional Hub Project Fund to document the work done at Otago Polytechnic from 2006-2009. Work continues on this book, to capture the experience of other organisations and individuals embarking on open educational practices. Contributions are invited from anyone with documented experiences developing open education, so that this book can continue to maintain its usefulness as both a guide, but also a record of people's work.

## Contents

Preface | Download or order book | Introduction | Foreword | Cape Town Declaration | Video: OER at OP | Literature Review | Resources and Practices | Development | Intellectual Property Policy | Educational Development | Models of Open Education | Measuring Open Education | Recommendations | Incentives and Rewards | A word on ICT | Libraries are critical | Marketing | Responses | Credits | Resources
# Open Education Practices: A User Guide for Organisations/Cape Town Declaration

In 2008, educational development work at Otago Polytechnic was at the fore of international efforts for Open Education.
Progress included:
* significant development work on the Wikieducator platform;
* use of popular and internationally recognised media and communication platforms;
* development of an Intellectual Property Policy in line with open educational practices;
* adoption of a NZ Creative Commons Attribution copyright license and;
* spokespeople who were part of the dialogue on educational media and communications nationally.
At the time, Otago Polytechnic featured several times in international news:
* twice on Creative Commons International;
* once on Creative Commons Australia,
* twice with the Commonwealth of Learning,
* numerous times in educational journals and quite a few weblogs.
The signing of the Capetown Declaration was an event that recognised this work, involving the Chief Executive Phil Kerr, symbolically confirming the commitment of Otago Polytechnic's senior management to Open Education; and being the first New Zealand organisation to sign the Declaration. This confirmed that Otago Polytechnic aimed to play a role in leading New Zealand towards progressive educational practices.
# Open Education Practices: A User Guide for Organisations/Introduction

Preface | Download or order book | Introduction | Foreword | Cape Town Declaration | Video: OER at OP | Literature Review | Resources and Practices | Development | Intellectual Property Policy | Educational Development | Models of Open Education | Measuring Open Education | Recommendations | Incentives and Rewards | A word on ICT | Libraries are critical | Marketing | Responses | Credits | Resources
This is a guide for educational developers, teachers and coordinators, with interest in open educational resources and practices, and the use of popular social media in education and research. It initially drew on documentation and analysis of experiences at Otago Polytechnic - it being the first Polytechnic in New Zealand to officially engage in open education resources and practices in the period 2006 - 2009. There is now an ongoing effort to include the work of other organisations embarking on open education practices.
NB: If you have documented experiences of open educational development from other institutions that might fit into this book, please get it touch, we'd love to add it.
The guide is separated into three main sections: 1. Introduction; 2. Development; and 3. Recommendations. Each section contains information about significant organisational developments, case studies, return on investment calculations, research and opinions about organisational culture, and educational outcomes. Finally, recommendations for organisations are extracted from this information, and wherever possible, responses from executive staff from the organisations are included here.
We hope you find this compilation interesting and informative. Most importantly that you are able to use it to assist you and your organisation to discuss or develop open education and research practices that strive to improve access and flexibility for people seeking learning and assessment.
# The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker/Species/Korok

Koroks are a fictional race from the video game The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker.
They come from Forest Haven but can be found on various islands on the Great Sea.
The Koroks were once the human-shaped Kokiri, but when Hyrule was transformed into the Great Sea, they took on a more plant-like appearance, and become fearful of other people. They have wooden-like bodies (somewhat similar to the Deku Scrub) and wear what looks like masks made from various types of leaves, though they might be their actual faces. Koroks are very light, and can travel on the wind by using sprouts as propellers. They often make a hollow jingling sound when they move.
Unlike their Kokiri ancestors, who never left the Lost Woods for fear of dying, most of the Koroks actually spend most of their lives far away from Forest Haven, planting the seeds of the Great Deku Tree. Only returning to Forest Haven once a year for an annual ceremony held every year when the Great Deku Tree bears seeds.
# The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker/Species/Rito

The Rito are a bird like species in the Wind Waker. They are descended from the Zora.
The Rito primarily live on Dragon Roost Island. Many Rito serve as postal workers, and due to their ocupation they can be found in many locations across the game map.
# The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker/Species/Zora
## Backstory

The Zora are an ancient water dwelling species in The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker.

## Current State

Despite being aquatic, they are not seen in the flooded world the game takes place in, save for a ghost of a Zora sage. However their airborne dependents, the Rito, play a prominent role in the game world.
# Sonic Heroes/Teams/Team Sonic

Team Sonic consists of:
* Sonic the Hedgehog
* Miles "Tails" Prower
* Knuckles the Echidna
Team Sonic is the main team of Sonic Heroes. One day, Sonic the Hedgehog, Miles "Tails" Power, and Knuckles the Echidna receive a letter from the maniacal Doctor Eggman. The doc tells them of his new ultimate weapon that will be ready within three days, thereby challenging them to try and find it. Now the three have joined up to stop the mad doctor's plans as Sonic heroes.
The gameplay for this team requires one to race through the levels as quickly as possible, with intermediate difficulty settings. Sonic leads the group as they move over the winding courses, getting them to the goal ring with time to spare. However, if a high ledge needs reaching or a flying foe needs a good beat-down, Tails can take charge with flight to carry his teammates to victory. Whether an army of enemies or a solid barrier blocks the way, Knuckles can take them down easily, and his group gliding ability can handle almost any crevice. The dream team works together to take down the Eggman with speed and attitude. Team Sonic's abilities are very similar to Team Dark's, with the exception of the Power character's combos (Instead of firing Gatling guns, Knuckles triggers volcanic eruptions) and the Team Blast. Team Sonic's Team Blast, Sonic Overdrive, enables Sonic to use the Light Attack by pressing the B button in midair near an enemy or group of enemies for a short time. The Light Attack is extremely powerful and can wipe out non-boss enemies just as quickly and easily as the Team Blast itself can.

## Attacks
### Sonic

* Hold B: Roll (Holding for longer Joins the Team together)
* Release B (Before Team Joins): Flying Kick
* Release B (After Team Joins): Accel Boost
* Jump + B: Blue Tornado
* Jump + A: Homing Attack
* Homing Attack to wall: Triangle Jump
* B to line of rings: Light Ring Dash

### "Tails"

* Jump + A: Fly (Loses power as you move, lasts longer as leveled up)
* Fly + A: Quick Ascent
* B: Thunder Shoot
* B (Alone): Dummy Ring Bombs

### Knuckles

* Approach Enemies: Team Homing
* B: Forward Punch, Team Attack Prepare (Team Homing Will not work)
* B + B: Spinning Back Punch
* B + B + B: Volcanic Eruption (Lv. 1, Small Earthquake, Lv. 2, Flaming Earthquake, Lv. 3, Eruption)
* TAP + Jump: Team Surround (Team Homing will work again)
* Jump + B: Quick Team Surround
* Team Surround + B: Fire Dunk
* Jump + A: Triangle Dive
# Sonic R/Characters

* Sonic
* Tails
* Knuckles
* Amy
* Dr. Robotnik/Dr. Eggman (Unlockable)
* Metal Sonic (Unlockable)
* Tails Doll (Unlockable)
* Metal Knuckles (Unlockable)
* Egg Robo (Unlockable)
* Super Sonic (Unlockable): Collect all the Emeralds in the game to unlock Super Sonic.
# Sonic R/Radical City
### Coins

Collect all the coins on this course to unlock Tails Doll.
* Just after the tunnel the track splits in two with a drop on the left. The coin is at the bottom of that drop.
* At the same place as above take the left path. At the next right turn go forward.
* Instead of going forward as above, follow the track.
* In the center of the pinball table.
* Behind the final 20 ring door on the course.

### Emeralds

* At the river near the start of the course is a 20 ring door. This Emerald (Green) is located behind it.
* This is at the end of the path behind the 50 ring door. (Purple)
# Sonic R/Radiant Emerald

The final course in the game. There are no coins or Emeralds to collect on this course. Beat this course to unlock Dr. Robotnik/Dr. Eggman.
# Sonic Heroes/Teams/Team Rose

Team Rose consists of:
* Amy Rose
* Cream the Rabbit plus Cheese the Chao
* Big the Cat
The characters of Team Rose are trying to find their friends. As Amy Rose looks for Sonic, she meets up with Big the Cat and Cream the Rabbit. Big is on the hunt for his little friend, Froggy, while Cream is looking for Cheese the Chao's brother, Chocola. With a picture in the newspaper (being carried off by who they believe to be Sonic) as their only clue, the three join up to form the team and find them all.
The style of play for Team Rose is the simplest in the game, with fewer enemies and longer flight times, and is designed for younger players. Amy leads in the speed formation, and though she's not as fast as Sonic, she does have her useful Piko Piko Hammer, which she can use to smack enemies, smack her friends at her enemies, and to swing around poles. Cream can fly her teammates over long distances, and when she's alone, she can send her Chao, Cheese, to attack for her. Big uses his fishing pole to attack, which can also pop out into a parasol to help the team glide over cliffs and catch air currents.
# Sonic Heroes/Teams/Team Dark

Team Dark consists of:
* Shadow the Hedgehog
* Rouge the Bat
* E-123 Omega
Team Dark's common cause to find Dr. Eggman. Rouge the Bat, the founder of the team and its resident flyer, wants to find Eggman's secret treasure. Shadow the Hedgehog, the speed specialist, wants to know his true identity and why he was left inside a pod. E-123 Omega, the fully-armed robot, is angry with Eggman for abandoning him and wishes to prove his power to him.
The missions of Team Dark are the most action-oriented in the game, calling for them to blast through giant hordes of enemies to reach the goal ring, and therefore recommended for experienced players. To accommodate for this, Team Dark has some of the more offensive techniques at its disposal. Shadow uses the Homing attack to blast through rows of Eggman's flunkies; Rouge, besides being able to launch her companions out at enemies in the air, can attack enemies on her own with powerful kicks or misleading ring-like bombs; Omega can also launch his friends outwards, after which he can transform his arms into formidable Gatling guns to take out whole groups of foes.

## Attacks

Team Dark's attacks is extremely similar to Team Sonic's attacks, with almost no differences. The only notable difference is that Omega's combo is different; he uses his concealed weapons in his arms. Lv. 1 lets him use his machine gun, Lv. 2 ignites his flamethrower, and Lv. 3 launches missiles.
# Sonic R

Sonic R is a 1997 3D racing game, initially released on the Sega Saturn as a flagship title. It is part of the Sonic the Hedgehog series.

## Table of contents

* Course Items
* Resort Island
* Radical City
* Regal Ruins
* Reactive Factory
* Radiant Emerald
* Characters
# Sonic R/Course Items
### Coins

Every course (except Radiant Emerald) has five coins to collect. If you collect them all and finish 3rd or better, you will race against a secret character. The character will be unlocked if you win.

### Emeralds

Every course (except Radiant Emerald) has one or more Emeralds. To keep an Emerald you must finish the race in first place. Collect all seven to unlock Super Sonic.

### Balloons

Every course has nine balloons to collect in two player mode. The first player to collect five wins.
# Pokémon/Pokédex/Snom
## Description

An wormlike Pokémon.

## Base Statistics

A Ice and Bug type Pokémon.

## Type Matching

Moves that deal 400% of their damage to Snom: fire, rock Moves that deal 200% of their damage to Snom: steel, flying Moves that deal 50% of their damage to Snom: ice, grass, ground