# Flora of New York/Nymphaeales & magnoliids

| ← Pinales | Flora of New York — Nymphaeales, Piperales, Laurales, Magnoliales | Flora of New York — Nymphaeales, Piperales, Laurales, Magnoliales | Flora of New York — Nymphaeales, Piperales, Laurales, Magnoliales | Flora of New York — Nymphaeales, Piperales, Laurales, Magnoliales | → Acorales & Alismatales |
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## basal angiosperms & magnolids introduction

* This page is the start of the angiosperms or flowering plants, which comprise the bulk of this guide. It starts with the order Nymphaeales and continues with the three orders of the Magnoliidae that are found in New York.
* ↑ Flora of New York/Clade Magnoliidae
* ↑ Flora of New York/Clade angiosperms
| angiosperms   Amborellales—Amborellaceae       Nymphaeales   Hydatellaceae     Cabombaceae   Brasenia schreberi (watershield)       Cabomba caroliniana (fanwort)       Nymphaeaceae   Nupharoideae—Nuphar spp. (4 pond lilies)     Nymphaeoideae—Nymphaea odorata subspp. (2 water lilies)                Austrobaileyales—Austrobaileyaceae           Canellales   Canellaceae     Winteraceae         Piperales   Aristolochiaceae   Asaroideae   Asarum canadense (wild ginger)     Hexastylis shuttleworthii (large-flowered heartleaf)         Aristolochioideae     Endodeca serpentaria (Virginia snakeroot)       Isotrema macrophyllum (Dutchman's-pipe)     Isotrema tomentosum (woolly Dutchman's-pipe)          Aristolochia clematitis (birthwort)               Piperaceae     Saururaceae—Saururus cernuus (lizard’s tail)             Laurales   Calycanthaceae—Calycanthus floridus (eastern sweetshrub)     Lauraceae     Lindera benzoin (northern spicebush)     Sassafras albidum (sassafras)       Persea americana (avocado)         Magnoliales   Magnoliaceae     Magnolia acuminata (cucumber tree)       Magnolia virginiana (northern sweetbay)     Magnolia spp. (3 introduced southern magnolias)         Liriodendron tulipifera (tulip tree)         Annonaceae—Annonoideae—Asimina triloba (pawpaw)           Chloranthales (none)       monocots       Ceratophyllales     eudicots | basal angiosperms (ANA grade) magnolids |
| Clade | Order | Family | Subfamily | Genus | Common name(s) | # |
| basal angiosperms | Nymphaeales | Cabombaceae | — | Brasenia | water-shield, wendock | 1 |
| basal angiosperms | Nymphaeales | Cabombaceae | — | Cabomba | fanwort, watershield | 1 |
| basal angiosperms | Nymphaeales | Nymphaeaceae | Nupharoideae | Nuphar | yellow pond lily, spatterdock | 4 |
| basal angiosperms | Nymphaeales | Nymphaeaceae | Nymphaeoideae | Nymphaea | white waterlily | 2 |
| magnoliids | Piperales | Aristolochiaceae | Asaroideae | Asarum | wild ginger | 1 |
| magnoliids | Piperales | Aristolochiaceae | Asaroideae | Hexastylis | heartleaf | 1 |
| magnoliids | Piperales | Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochioideae | Endodeca | snakeroot, serpentary | 1 |
| magnoliids | Piperales | Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochioideae | Isotrema | dutchman's pipe, pipevine | 2 |
| magnoliids | Piperales | Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochioideae | Aristolochia | birthwort, heartwort | 1 |
| magnoliids | Piperales | Saururaceae | — | Saururus | lizard's tail, water-dragon, swamp root | 1 |
| magnoliids | Laurales | Calycanthaceae | — | Calycanthus | sweet-shrub, strawberry bush | 2 |
| magnoliids | Laurales | Lauraceae | — | Lindera | spicebush | 1 |
| magnoliids | Laurales | Lauraceae | — | Sassafras | sassafras, ague tree, mitten tree | 1 |
| magnoliids | Laurales | Lauraceae | — | Persea | avocado | 1 |
| magnoliids | Magnoliales | Magnoliaceae | — | Magnolia | magnolia, cucumber tree, sweet-bay | 5 |
| magnoliids | Magnoliales | Magnoliaceae | — | Liriodendron | tulip tree, tulip poplar, yellow poplar | 1 |
| magnoliids | Magnoliales | Annonaceae | Annonoideae | Asimina | pawpaw, dog banana, Indian banana | 1 |

## Order Nymphaeales

* The order Nymphaeales contains the aquatic flowering plant families Hydatellaceae, Cabombaceae, and Nymphaeaceae. Only the latter two have taxa found outside of cultivation in New York. Aside from Amborella, a shrub endemic to New Caledonia, the Nymphaeales are considered to be the oldest lineage of angiosperms. Most estimates put the age of the Nymphaeales at well over 100 million years.
* ↑ P.F. Stevens, (2001-2015). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, April 2015.

### Family Cabombaceae

* Two Cabombaceae (water-shield family) species are found in New York. One, Cabomba caroliniana, is rare in most of the state but has the potential to be a highly invasive exotic plant.

#### Brasenia

* The only extant species of Brasenia (B. schreberi) is native to New York, as well as much of the rest of the world.
Nymphaeales — Cabombaceae — Brasenia :
| Genus Brasenia | Brasenia | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Brasenia schreberi J.F.Gmel.1791. Brasenia schreberi  J.F.Gmel. in… 1803. Hydropeltis purpurea  Michx. in… 1813. Brasenia peltata  Pursh in… 1813. Brasenia hydropeltis  Muhl. in… 1862. Cabomba peltata  F.Muell. in… 1874. Brasenia purpurea  (Michx.) Casp. in… | Water-shield, Watershield, Schreber's watershield, Purple wen-dock, Water-targetBrasénie de Schreber | Native, CoC: 8, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 47 counties iNat: 50 counties GBIF | USDA-NN POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies |

#### Cabomba

* Cabomba carolinianaNative to the southeastern United States, Cabomba caroliniana (Carolina fanwort) is considered to be an alien invasive plant in the Northwest and Northeast, including New York, where it is listed as highly invasive.
* Although the 2008 New York State Invasiveness rank for Cabomba caroliniana was 72.34% (high invasiveness), the New York Flora Atlas in 2024 lists the native status for this plant as Unknown.
* ↑ Carolina fanwort description at Western New York PRISM (Partnership for Regional Invasive Species Management). SUNY Buffalo State.
* ↑ Jordan, M.J., G. Moore and T.W. Weldy. 2008. Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY; The Nature Conservancy, Albany, NY.
* ↑ Werier, David, Kyle Webster, Troy Weldy, Andrew Nelson, Richard Mitchell†, and Robert Ingalls†. 2024 New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.
Nymphaeales — Cabombaceae — Cabomba :
| Genus Cabomba | Fanwort | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Cabomba caroliniana A.Gray1821. Cabomba aquatica  DC. 1830. Cabomba pinnata  (Pursh) Schult.& Schult.f. 1837. Cabomba caroliniana  A.Gray 1841. Nectris caroliniana  (A. Gray) Steud. in… 1880. Cabomba australis  Speg. in… 1903. Cabomba caroliniana  var. pulcherrima  R.M.Harper  in… 1953. Cabomba pulcherrima  (R.M.Harper) Fassett in… 1956. Cabomba caroliniana  var. paucipartita  Ramsh. & Florsch.  in… | Fanwort, Carolina fanwort, Purple fanwort, Carolina watershield, Green cabombaCabomba de Caroline | Introduced from  southeast US,  South America, Highly invasive,  NYIS: 72%, Prohibited, SNR, G3-G5 OBL Perennial, Aquatic herb | | NYFA: 8 counties iNat GBIF 7 counties | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNAFNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Cabomba caroliniana: High (72). ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species ||||||

### Family Nymphaeaceae

* Six Nymphaeaceae (water-lily family) taxa in two genera are found in New York. All are native to the region and appear to be fairly secure.

#### Nuphar

* Nuphar variegataSpecies of the genus Nuphar are commonly known as pond-lilies or spatterdocks.
Nymphaeales — Nymphaeaceae — Nupharoideae — Nuphar :
| Genus Nuphar Sm. sect. Astylus | Pond-lily | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Nuphar variegata Durand1956. Nuphar lutea  ssp. variegata  (Durand) E.O.Beal 1866. Nuphar variegata Durand 1912. Nymphaea fraterna G.S.Mill.& Standl. 1912. Nymphaea americana G.S.Mill.& Standl. 1931. Nuphar fraterna (G.S.Mill. & Standl.) Standl. | Common yellow pond-lily, Common spatter-dock, Common cow-lily, Variegated yellow pond-lily, Northern yellow pond-lily, Bullhead yellow pond-lilyGrand nénuphar jaune | Native, CoC: 3, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 46 counties | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Nuphar advena (Aiton) W.T.Aiton1789. Nymphaea advena  Aiton in… 1811. Nuphar advena  (Aiton) W.T.Aiton in… 1822. Nenuphar advena  (Aiton) Link in… 1949. Nuphar advena  ssp. typica  R.T.Clausen  in… 1989. Nuphar lutea  ssp. advena  (Aiton) Kartesz & Gandhi  in… 2007. Castalia advena  (Aiton) Conz. in… | Broad-leaved yellow pond-lily, Immigrant pond-lily, Broad-leaved yellow cow-lily, Broad-leaved spatterdock, Broad-leaved bull-head lilyNénuphar à feuilles émergentes, Nénutar à feuilles émergentes | Native, CoC: 4, Secure, S5 OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 28 counties iNat 27 counties | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Nuphar Sm. sect. Nuphar | Pond-lily | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Nuphar microphylla (Pers.) Fernald1806. Nymphaea microphylla Pers. 1811. Nuphar kalmiana (Michx.) W. T. Aiton 1838. Nuphar lutea  var. kalmiana  (Michx.) Torr. & A. Gray 1917. Nuphar microphylla (Pers.) Fernald 1919. Nymphozanthus microphyllus (Pers.) Fernald  auct. Nuphar lutea  ssp. pumila  (Timm) E.O. Beal misapplied | Small yellow pond-lily, Small yellow cow-lily, Dwarf spatterdock | Native, CoC: 10, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Nuphar × rubrodisca  Nuphar microphylla ×   Nuphar variegata1886. Nuphar rubrodisca Morong 1994. Nuphar lutea  ssp. rubrodisca  (Morong) Hellq. & Wiersema | Red-disked yellow pond-lily, Red-disked spatter-dock, Peck's yellow pond-lily, Hybrid of  small yellow pond-lily &  common yellow pond-lily | Native, Likely secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 3-5 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Nuphar Sm. (excluded species) | Pond-lily | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Nuphar polysepala × variegata  Nuphar polysepala ×   Nuphar variegata | Hybrid of  small yellow pond-lily &  common yellow pond-lily | N. America native, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | Images Wikispecies |

#### Nymphaea

* Nymphaea odorataTwo subspecies of Nymphaea odorata (white water lilies) occur in New York.
Nymphaeales — Nymphaeaceae — Nymphaeoideae — Nymphaea :
| Genus Nymphaea | Waterlily | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Nymphaea odorata Aiton ssp. odorata1789. Nymphaea odorata Aiton 1806. Castalia odorata (Aiton) Wood | White water-lily, American white water-lily, Fragrant water-lily, Sweet-scented white water-lily, Pond-lily, Great white water-lilyNymphéa odorant | Native, CoC: 4, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-N VASCAN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Nymphaea odorata Aiton ssp. tuberosa (Paine) Wiersma & Hellq.1865. Nymphaea tuberosa Paine 1888. Castalia tuberosa (Paine) Greene 1966. Nymphaea odorata  var. maxima  (Conrad ex L.H. Bailey) B. Boivin 1994. Nymphaea odorata  ssp. tuberosa  (Paine) Wiersema & Hellq. | Tuberous white water-lily, Large white water-lily, American white waterlilyNymphéa tubéreux, Lis d'eau, Nénuphar blanc, Nymphée tubéreuse | Native, CoC: 5, Likely secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 5? | USDA-N VASCAN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |

## Order Piperales

* The order Piperales

### Family Aristolochiaceae

* The Aristolochiaceae (Birthwort family)

#### Subfamily Asaroideae
##### Asarum

* Asarum canadense Wild gingerAlthough wild ginger (Asarum canadense) has some similarities to Zingiber officinale (true ginger in the order Zingerbales), it is at least somewhat toxic and is not appropriate for use as a food additive.
Piperales — Aristolochiaceae — Asaroideae — Asarum :
| Genus Asarum | Wild ginger | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Asarum canadense L.1753. Asarum canadense L. 1897. Asarum canadense  var. acuminatum  Ashe 1897. Asarum reflexum  var. ambiguum  E.P.Bicknell 1898. Asarum acuminatum (Ashe) E.P.Bicknell 1898. Asarum reflexum E.P.Bicknell 1907. Asarum ambiguum (E.P.Bicknell) Daniels | Canada wild ginger, Canadian wildginger, Wild ginger, AsarabaccaAsaret du Canada, Asaret gingembre, Gingembre sauvage | Native, CoC: 8, Secure FACU-UPL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |

##### Hexastylis

Piperales — Aristolochiaceae — Asaroideae — Hexastylis :
| Genus Hexastylis Raf. | Heartleaf | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | 0 NPT |
| Hexastylis shuttleworthii (Britten & Baker f.) Small var. shuttleworthii1898. Asarum shuttleworthii Britten & Baker f. 1903. Hexastylis shuttleworthii Small | Large-flowered heartleaf, Largeflower heartleaf | Introduced from  US South, US South native, Not naturalized FACU | | NYFA: m | USDA-N0 FNA Images Wikispecies |

#### Subfamily Aristolochioideae

* Subfamily Aristolochioideae. Aristolochia s.l. is here seaprated into 3 genera (Endodeca, Isotrema, and Aristolochia s.s.), in agreement with the New York Flora Atlas.
* ↑ Toma, Tetsuo & Sugawara, Takashi & Murata, Hiroko & Wanke, Stefan & Neinhuis, Christoph & Murata, Jin. (2006). "Molecular Phylogeny of Aristolochia sensu lato (Aristolochiaceae) based on Sequences of rbcL, matK, and phyA Genes, with Special Reference to Differentiation of Chromosome Numbers." Systematic Botany. 31. 481-492. 10.1600/036364406778388656.

##### Endodeca

* Endodeca serpentariaVirginia snakeroot (Endodeca serpentaria or Aristolochia serpentaria is primarily a southern species and only found in the southeastern part of New York State where it is considered to be threatened (S2).
Piperales — Aristolochiaceae — Aristolochioideae — Endodeca :
| Genus Endodeca Raf. | Snakeroot | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Endodeca serpentaria (L.) Raf.1753. Aristolochia serpentaria L. 1818. Aristolochia hastata Nutt. 1828. Endodeca serpentaria (L.) Raf. 1836. Pistolochia serpentaria (L.) Raf. 1894. Aristolochia nashii Kearney 1897. Aristolochia convolvulacea Small | Virginia snakeroot, Virginia serpentary, Virginia dutchmanspipe, Snakeroot, Serpentary | Native, CoC: 8, Threatened, S2, G4, NYNHP: 1 UPL Perennial, Herb-forb, Shade | | Bronx, Nassau, New York, Orange, Richmond, Rockland, Ulster, Westchester NYFA: 2 | USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP IPN LBJ Images Wikispecies Note: |
| ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Endodeca serpentaria. Endangered, S2/G4. ↑ The New York Flora Atlas segregates Isotrema macrophyllum, Isotrema tomentosum, and Endodeca serpentaria from Aristolochia into Isotrema and Endodeca, respectively, while other sources, as of yet, have left them in Aristolochia. ||||||

##### Isotrema

* Isotrema macrophyllumThe two Isotrema (pipevine) species found in New York are North American natives, but thought to be introduced to New York from farther south and west through cultivation. Neither are believed to naturalize readily.
Piperales — Aristolochiaceae — Aristolochioideae — Isotrema :
| Genus Isotrema Raf. | Pipevine | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Isotrema macrophyllum (Lam.) C.F. Reed1783. Aristolochia macrophylla Lam. 1822. Hocquartia macrophylla Dumort. 1965. Isotrema macrophyllum (Lam.) C.F.Reed  auct. Aristolochia durior non. Hill | Dutchman's-pipe, Largeleaf dutchman's-pipe, PipevineAristoloche à   grandes feuilles | Introduced from  PA to GA, US South native | Bronx, Madison, Orange, Putnam, Saratoga, Suffolk NYFA: X | USDA-N Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies Note: |
| Isotrema tomentosum (Sims) H.Huber1811. Aristolochia tomentosa Sims 1960. Isotrema tomentosum (Sims) H.Huber | Woolly Dutchman's-pipe, Wooly pipevine, Common Dutchman's-pipe | Introduced from  south-central US, US South native, Impersistent FAC | Erie, Saratoga NYFA: Xm | USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies Note: |
| 1 2 The New York Flora Atlas segregates Isotrema macrophyllum, Isotrema tomentosum, and Endodeca serpentaria from Aristolochia into Isotrema and Endodeca, respectively, while other sources, as of yet, have left them in Aristolochia. ||||||

##### Aristolochia

* Aristolochia clematitisMembers of the genus Aristolochia, birthwort (Aristolochia clematitis) in particular, have been used as medicinal plants since ancient times, but have been shown to be both carcinogenic and toxic to the kidneys. It seems to be a fairly rare weed in New York State, but could become invasive where allowed to naturalize.
Piperales — Aristolochiaceae — Aristolochioideae — Aristolochia :
| Genus Aristolochia | Birthwort | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Aristolochia clematitis L.1753. Aristolochia clematitis L. | Birthwort, Creeping birthwort, Heartwort, AsarabaccaAristoloche clématite, Sarrasine | Introduced from  Eurasia, Naturalized Perennial, Herb-vine | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ "Asarabacca" is isted as a common name for Aristolochia clematitis by FNA and Tropicos, but Asarabacca is also a common name for Asarum europaeum (Eropean wild ginger). ↑ FNA states that Aristolochia clematitis "probably does not persist" when it occasionally escapes cultivation, but NYFA states that, although a rare weed, it is "quite aggressive at least at some sites, when naturalized." ||||||

### Family Saururaceae

* The Saururaceae (lizard's tail family) world-wide contains only about seven species in four genera. Two of these plants are native to North America, and one is native to New York. The other North American family member (Anemopsis californica) is a southwestern native.

#### Saururus

* Saururus cernuusThe genus Saururus contains only the two lizard's tail plants Saururus cernuus (native to eastern North America) and Saururus chinensis (native to eastern Asia). Only the North American plant has been found outside of cultivation in North America.
Piperales — Saururaceae — Saururus :
| Genus Saururus | Lizard's tail | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Saururus cernuus L.1753. Saururus cernuus L. (non Thunb. 1784) | Lizard's tail, Water-dragon, Swamp root, Swamp lilySaurure penché, Lézardelle penchée, Saurure penchée | Native, CoC: 6, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP IPN LBJ Images Wikispecies |

## Order Laurales

The order Laurales ...

### Family Calycanthaceae

* The Calycanthaceae (strawberry-shrub or sweet-shrub family) contains only three small genera worldwide, only one of which is native to North America.
* ↑ "Laurales" Angiosperm Phylogeny Website

#### Calycanthus

* Calycanthus floridusCalycanthus (sweet-shrub) is endemic to North America and contains about two to four species. Of these, only Calycanthus floridus is found outside of cultivation in New York, but it is thought to have been introduced from farther south. Though naturalization in New York is rare, it can become established and persist in wooded understories.
Laurales — Calycanthaceae — Calycanthoideae :
| Genus Calycanthus | Sweet-shrub | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Calycanthus floridus L.1759. Calycanthus floridus  L. 1788. Calycanthus fertilis  Walter 1840. Calycanthus floridus  var. glaucus  (Willd.) Torr. & A.Gray 1840. Calycanthus floridus  var. laevigatus  (Willd.) Torr. & A.Gray 1891. Beurera fertilis  (Walter) Kuntze 1894. Butneria florida  (L.) Kearney 1894. Butneria fertilis  (Walter) Kearney 1894. Buttneria florida  (L.) Kearney 1894. Buttneria fertilis  (Walter) Kearney | Sweetshrub, Eastern sweetshrub, Hairy sweetshrub, Smooth sweetshrub, Sweet-shrub, Strawberry bush, Bubby-bush, Spicebush | Introduced from  southeast US,  VA to FL,  TX to NC, US South native, rarely naturalizes FACU Perennial, Shrub, Part shade | | NYFA: X | USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies |

### Family Lauraceae

* The Lauraceae (laurel family) contains only two species, spicebush and sasafrass that are native to the State of New York.

#### Lindera

* Lindera benzoin spicebushThe genus Lindera is primarily native to eastern Asia. Of its nearly 100 species, only three (northern, southern, and bog spicebush) are native to eastern North America. And of those three species, only northern spicebush (Lindera benzoin), is native as far north as New York.
Laurales — Lauraceae — Lindera :
| Genus Lindera | Spicebush | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume1753. Laurus benzoin L. 1831. Benzoin odoriferum 1836. Benzoin aestivale Nees 1851. Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume 1939. Lindera benzoin  var. pubescens  Rehder | Spicebush, Northern spicebush, Benzoin-bush, Benjamin-bush, Fever-bush, Wild allspiceBenjoin, Laurier faux-benjoin | Native, CoC: 6, Secure, S5 FACW-FAC Perennial, Shrub, Heliophily: 3 Sun - shade, 2n = 24 | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN FSUS Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNAFNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP IPN LBJ MBG Images Wikispecies |

#### Sassafras

* Sassafras albidumSassafras has only three extant species. Two are native to eastern Asia, and one, Sassafras albidum, is native to much of eastern North Americam including New York.
Laurales — Lauraceae — Sassafras :
| Genus Sassafras | Sassafras | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees1753. Laurus sassafras L. 1818. Laurus albida Nutt. 1831. Sassafras officinale Nees & C.H.Eberm. 1836. Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees 1891. Sassafras variifolium Kuntze 1936. Sassafras albidum  var. molle  (Raf.) Fernald | Sassafras, White sassafras, Silky sassafras, Ague tree, Mitten treeSassafras officinal, Gombo filé | Native, CoC: 4, Secure FACU Perennial, Tree, shrub, Sun - shade | | NYFA: N | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP IPN LBJ Images Wikispecies |

#### Persea

* Persea americanaA specimen of the avocado plant (Persea americana) was collected from a composte pile in Orange County in 1996. As this subtropical species would not be able to naturalize in New York, placing it in the New York Flora was probably an error.
Laurales — Lauraceae — Persea :
| Genus Persea | Bay | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Persea americana Mill.1753. Laurus persea  L. 1768. Persea americana  Mill. 1892. Persea persea  (L.) Cockerell 1950. Persea nubigena  L.O.Williams 1953. Persea gigantea  L.O.Williams | AvocadoAvocatier | Introduced from  Mexico,  Mesoamerica,  Venezuela, Impersistent, Composte-pile waif | | NYFA: Xm | USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Persea (excluded species) | Bay | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.1753. Laurus borbonia  L. 1803. Laurus caroliniensis  Michx. 1825. Persea borbonia  (L.) Spreng. 1836. Persea carolinensis  Nees 1838. Tamala borbonia  (L.) Raf. 1903. Persea littoralis  Small 1913. Tamala littoralis  (Small) Small 1922. Borbonia littoralis  (Small) House | Redbay, Shorebay | N. America native, southeastern U.S., Excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

## Order Magnoliales

* The order Magnoliales Bromhead ...

### Family Magnoliaceae

* The Magnoliaceae (magnolia family) has traditionally been separated into the two subfamilies Magnolioideae and Liriodendroideae. Magnolioideae contained a number of genera including Magnolia s.s., the largest genus. Liriodendroideae contained the single genus Liriodendron. Phylogenetic research has shown Magnolia s.s. to be polyphyletic. Therefore it was suggested that rather than breaking Magnolia into numerous new genera, all other genera in Magnolioideae would be placed in Magnolia s.l. to create a single monophyletic genus. This leaves the two subfamilies with one genus apiece, making Magnoliaceae subfamilies redundant. So, they are not used here.
* ↑ Richard B. Figlar (2012). "A Brief Taxonomic History of Magnolia." Magnolia Society International.
* ↑ P.F. Stevens, (2001-2015). "Magnoliales." Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. University of Missouri, St Louis, and Missouri Botanical Garden. Version 14, April 2015.

#### Magnolia

* Magnolia acuminata cucumber tree
Magnoliales — Magnoliaceae — Magnolia :
| Genus Magnolia subg. Yulania | Magnolia | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Magnolia acuminata (L.) L.1753. Magnolia virginiana  var. acuminata  L. 1759. Magnolia acuminata  (L.) L. 1803. Magnolia cordata  Michx. 1886. Magnolia acuminata  var. cordata  (Michx.) Sarg. 1903. Tulipastrum cordatum  (Michx.) Small | Cucumber tree, Cucumber magnolia, Mountain magnolia, Blue magnoliaMagnolia acuminé | Native, CoC: 7, Secure FACU Perennial, Tree | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-N Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Magnolia kobus DC.1817. Magnolia kobus  DC. 1908. Magnolia kobus  var. borealis  Sarg. | Kobus magnolia | Introduced from  temperate Asia, No specimens | | NYMFP-X | USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Magnolia subg. Magnolia | Magnolia | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Magnolia virginiana L. var. virginiana | Sweet-bay, Northern sweet-bay, Swamp-bay, Magnolia-bay, Laurel-magnolia, Beaver-treeLaurier doux | Native, CoC: 9, Endangered, NYNHP: 1 FACW Perennial, Tree, shrub | | NYFA: 1 | USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Magnolia tripetala | Umbrella-tree, Umbrella magnolia | Introduced, US South native FACU | | NYFA: X | USDA-N0 Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Magnolia fraseri Walter | Fraser magnolia, Mountain magnolia | Introduced, US South native FACU | | NYFA: X | USDA-N0 BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Magnolia macrophylla Michx. | Big-leaved magnolia, Cowcumber magnolia | Introduced, US South native | | NYFA: X | USDA-N0 BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Magnolia virginiana. Endangered, S1/G5. ||||||

#### Liriodendron

* Liriodendron tulipiferaLiriodendron consists of two species: Liriodendron tulipifera (tulip tree) from eastern North America and Liriodendron chinense from southeast Asia.
* The lumber of the tulip tree has similar properties to poplar (Populus) species, so it is often marketed as "tulip poplar" or "yellow poplar," even though tulip and poplar trees are not closely related.
Magnoliales — Magnoliaceae — Liriodendron :
| Genus Liriodendron | Tulip tree | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Liriodendron tulipifera L.1753. Liriodendron tulipifera  L. 1903. Liriodendron tulipifera  f. aureomarginatum  (Dippel) Schelle 1903. Liriodendron tulipifera  f. integrifolium  (G.Kirchn.) Schelle | Tuliptree, Tulip tree, American tuliptree, Tulip poplar, Yellow poplarBois jaune | Native, CoC: 6, Secure FACU Perennial, Tree, Sun - shade | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies |

### Family Annonaceae

* The Annonaceae (custard apple family) is the largest family of the Magnoliales, but contains primarily tropical plants. Only one of its more than 2000 species has been discovered growing outside of cultivation in New York.

#### Subfamily Annonoideae
##### Asimina

* Native range of Asimina triloba.Asimina or pawpaw is a genus of small trees or shrubs that are native to eastern North America. Of these, only the most common species (Asimina triloba) is thought to be native as far north as New York. Though its native range only reaches into the western part of the state, common pawpaw trees can persist where cultivated in other parts of the state and may naturalize in clonal thickets. Pawpaw is considered to be the largest edible native North American fruit (in the culinary sense).
* ↑ Snake C. Jones and Desmond R. Layne, "Pawpaw Description and Nutritional Information," Kentucky State University Cooperative Extension Program.
Magnoliales — Annonaceae — Annonoideae — Asimina :
| Genus Asimina | Pawpaw | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal1753. Annona triloba  L. 1796. Annona pendula  Salisbury 1803. Orchidocarpum arietinum  Michx. 1806. Porcelia triloba  (L.) Pers. 1817. Asimina triloba  (L.) Dunal 1838. Uvaria triloba  (L.) Torr.& A.Gray | Pawpaw, Common pawpaw, Dog banana, Indian banana, Kentucky banana, American custard appleAsiminier trilobé, Asiminier | Native, CoC: 5, Threatened FAC Perennial, Tree, shrub, Heliophily: 3 Sun - shade | | NYFA: 2 | USDA-N POWO FSUS VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP IPN LBJ Images Wikispecies |