# Flora of New York/Cornales

| ← Caryophyllales 3 | Flora of New York — Cornales | Flora of New York — Cornales | Flora of New York — Cornales | Flora of New York — Cornales | → Ericales |
| ← Caryophyllales 3 | Table of contents | Genus index | Protected species index | Invasive species index | → Ericales |

## Cornales introduction

* The Cornales Dumortier includes the families: Cornaceae, Curtisiaceae, Grubbiaceae, Hydrangeaceae, Hydrostachyaceae, Loasaceae, and Nyssaceae.
* Cornales
* Hydrangeaceae
* Loasaceae
* Hydrostachyaceae
* Nyssaceae
* Grubbiaceae
* Curtisiaceae
* Cornaceae
* ↑ Cornales Page last updated: 04/30/2021 at Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, July 2017 and more or less continuously updated since
* ↑ Soltis, Douglas E., author. Phylogeny and evolution of the angiosperms. Revised and updated edition. Chicago; London : The University of Chicago Press, 2018.
| Order | Family | Subfamily | Tribe | Genus | Common names | # |
| Cornales | Hydrangeaceae | Hydrangeoideae | Philadelpheae | Deutzia | pride of Rochester | 1 |
| Cornales | Hydrangeaceae | Hydrangeoideae | Philadelpheae | Philadelphus | mock orange | 3 |
| Cornales | Hydrangeaceae | Hydrangeoideae | Hydrangeae | Hydrangea | hydrangea | 3 |
| Cornales | Hydrangeaceae | Hydrangeoideae | Hydrangeae | Decumaria | (excluded) | X |
| Cornales | Cornaceae | — | — | Cornus | dogwood | 13 |
| Cornales | Nyssaceae | — | — | Nyssa | tupelo | 1 |

## Family Hydrangeaceae

* The Hydrangeaceae (hydrangea family) has about nine species in four genera growing outside of cultivation. Many of these are native to the southeastern United States, but have been introduced in northern states and Canada.

### Subfamily Hydrangeoideae
#### Tribe Philadelpheae
##### Philadelphus

* Philadelphus coronarius
Cornales — Hydrangeaceae — Hydrangeoideae — Philadelpheae — Philadelphus :
| Genus Philadelphus | Mock orange | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Philadelphus inodorus L.1753. Philadelphus inodorus L.1794. Syringa inodora Moench1809. Philadelphus grandiflorus Willd.1856. P. inodorusvar. grandiflorus Willd.1902. Philadelphus floridus Beadle1902. Philadelphus gloriosus Beadle | Scentless mock orange ⓘ Florida mock orange ⓘ Beadle's mockorange ⓘ Few-flower mock orange ⓘ Seringa inodore Philadelphe de Beadle ⓘ Seringat de Beadle ⓘ Seringa très fleuri ⓘ | Introduced from  southeastern US, US South native, Occasionally naturalized Perennial, Shrub | Bronx, Broome, Cayuga, Greene, Nassau, New York, Otsego, Rensselaer, Suffolk NYFA: X | USDA-NX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Philadelphus pubescens Loisel.1820. Philadelphus pubescens Loisel.1828. Philadelphus latifolius Schrad. ex DC. | Hoary mock-orange, Hairy mock-orange, Broadleaf mock-orangeSeringa à grandes feuilles | Introduced from  south-central US, US South native Perennial, Shrub | Orange, Ulster NYFA: X | USDA-NX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Philadelphus coronarius L.1753. Philadelphus coronarius L. 1896. Philadelphus caucasicus Koehne | European mock orange ⓘ European mock-orange ⓘ Sweet mock-orange ⓘ Sweet mock orange ⓘ Philadelphia mock-orange ⓘ English dogwood Seringat des jardins Seringa commun | Introduced from  Eurasia, Naturalized Perennial, Shrub | NYFA: X NYFA: 17 counties xx counties | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ The NY Flora Atlas previously included P. floridus as a separate species listed only in Greene County, but has since merged in into P. inodorus. NatureServe Explorer indicates that Philadelphus floridus "may prove to be only a form of P. inodorus (Weakley 1996)", although it was "accepted by Kartesz (1999) as a Georgia endemic." ||||||

##### Deutzia

* Deutzia scabra
Cornales — Hydrangeaceae — Hydrangeoideae — Philadelpheae — Deutzia :
| Genus Deutzia | Pride-of-Rochester | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Deutzia scabra Thunb.1784. Deutzia scabra Thunb.1835. Deutzia crenata Siebold & Zucc.1867. Deutzia sieboldiana Maxim.1905. D. sieboldianavar. dippelianaC.K.Schneid.    D. scabravar. candidissima Rehder | Fuzzy deutzia, Fuzzy pride-of-Rochester | Introduced from  Japan, Highly invasive, Naturalized, IO Perennial, Shrub | | NYFA: X | USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

#### Tribe Hydrangeae
##### Hydrangea

* Hydrangea arborescensThere are four species of Hydrangea native to eastern North America. Of these only Hydrangea arborescens (wild hydrangea) is native as far north as New York, which is at the northern limit of the natural range of the species. Wild hydrangea is ranked as Threatened (S2) in New York and has probably always been rare in the state. Historically there have only been ten known sites for wild hydrangea, most of these along the Pennsylvania border, on forested slopes of upper headwater ravines or on ledges. Popular cultivars of wild hydrangea include 'Annabelle' and 'Grandiflora'.
* Both Hydrangea arborescens and the Asian species Hydrangea paniculata (panicled hydrangea) are commonly planted but rarely naturalize in New York State.
* ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2021. Online Conservation Guide for Hydrangea arborescens, acc. July 19, 2021.
* ↑ Michael Hough (2019). "Hydrangea." Flora of Cortland and Onondaga Counties, New York, p. 292.
Cornales — Hydrangeaceae — Hydrangeoideae — Hydrangeae — Hydrangea :
| Genus Hydrangea | Hydrangea | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Hydrangea arborescens L.1753. Hydrangea arborescens L. 1768. Viburnum americanum Mill. 1785. Viburnum alnifolium Marshall 1840. Hydrangea arborescens var. oblonga Torr. & A.Gray 1840. Hydrangea arborescens var. sterilis Torr. & A.Gray | Wild hydrangea American hydrangea Smooth hydrangea Sevenbark Sheep flower | Native, CoC: 7, Threatened, S2, G5, NYNHP: 2 FACU Perennial, Shrub, Heliophily: 4 Part shade | | NYFA: 2 iNat: 18 counties | USDA-NX FSUS Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos NatureServe BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Hydrangea paniculata | Panicle hydrangea, Panicled hydrangeaHortensia paniculé | Introduced from  temperate Asia, Naturalized | | Nassau, Orange, Rensselaer, Rockland NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Hydrangea heteromalla D. Don | Himalayan hydrangea | Introduced, Not naturalized | | Bronx NYFA: X | Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Hydrangea (excluded taxa) | Hydrangea | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Hydrangea cinerea Small1830. H. arborescens  var. discolor  Ser. ex DC. 1898. H. cinerea Small 1921. H. arborescens  var. deamii  H.St.John 1956. H. arborescens  ssp. discolor  (Ser. ex DC.) E. M. McClint. | Ashy hydrangea | N. America native, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Hydrangea quercifolia W.Bartram1791. Hydrangea quercifolia W.Bartram1791. Hydrangea radiata Sm. non Walter | Oakleaf hydrangea | Introduced, US South native, No specimens Perennial, Shrub | | NYFA: 0 | USDA-N NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2021. Online Conservation Guide for Hydrangea arborescens, acc. July 19, 2021. ||||||

##### Decumaria

* Decumaria, with only a couple of species worldwide, is also treated as section of Hydrangea. Reports of climbing hydrangea on Long Island are assumed to be of either cultivated plants or misidentifications.
Cornales — Hydrangeaceae — Hydrangeoideae — Hydrangeae — Decumaria :
| Genus Decumaria | Woodvamp | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Decumaria barbara L.1763. Decumaria barbara L. | Climbing hydrangea, Woodvamp, Wood-vamp | Introduced from  southeast Virginia south, N.Y. excluded OBL Perennial, Woody vine | | NYFA: X | USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN ITIS NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |

## Family Nyssaceae

* The Nyssaceae (the tupelo family) has also been treated a subfamily of the Cornaceae, including as recently as the APG III system (2009). The APG IV system (2016) treats them as separate families within the Cornales.

### Nyssa

* Nyssa sylvaticaThe genus Nyssa is here included in the Nyssaceae family within Cornales.
Cornales — Nyssaceae — Nyssa :
| Genus Nyssa | Tupelo | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Nyssa sylvatica Marshall1785. Nyssa sylvatica Marshall1787. Nyssa multiflora Wangenh.1798. Nyssa caroliniana Poir.1935. N. sylvaticavar. caroliniana Fernald1935. N. sylvaticavar. dilatata Fernald1935. N. sylvaticavar. typica Fernald | Blackgum, Black-gum, Black gum, Black tupelo, Sourgum, Sour-gum, PepperidgeNyssa sylvestre, Gommier noir, Gommier jaune | Native, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

## Family Cornaceae

* The Cornaceae (dogwood family) has about a dozen, mostly native taxa represented outside of cultivation in New York.

### Cornus

* The genus Cornus (the dogwoods) are here organized by the subgenera used by VASCAN and FNA for this genus. The subgenera are further placed into two groups based on the general fruit color, which has been shown to fairly reflect the phylogenic relationship within this genus.
* Cornus
* BW
* subg. Kraniopsis
* C. rugosa (round-leaved dogwood)
* C. drummondii (rough-leaved dogwood)
* C. racemosa (gray dogwood, red-panicled dogwood)
* C. amomum ssp. amomum (silky dogwood)
* C. amomum ssp. obliqua (narrow-leaved dogwood)
* C. sericea (red-osier dogwood)
* subg. Mesomora—C. alternifolia (pagoda dogwood, alternate-leaved dogwood)
* DW
* subg. Arctocrania—Cornus canadensis (bunchberry)
* CC
* subg. Cornus—C. mas (cornelian cherry)
* BB
* subg. Syncarpea—C. kousa (Japanese dogwood)
* subg. Cynoxylon—C. florida (flowering dogwood)
* BW -- Blue/White fruit clade (alt. genus Swida)
* DW -- Dwarf dogwood clade (alt. genus Chamaepericlymenum)
* CC -- Cornelian Cherry clade (alt. genus Cornus sensu stricto)
* BB -- Big-Bract dogwoods (alt. genus Benthamidia)
* ↑ The Database of Vascular Plants of Canada (VASCAN) (attributes its organization of Cornus to "FNA Ed. Comm., in prep. e.")
* ↑ Zack E. Murrell & Derick B. Poindexter "24. Cornaceae Berchtold & J. Presl Dogwood Family." Flora of North America, Volume 12
* ↑ Chuanzhu Fan & (Jenny) Qiu-Yun Xiang (2001). "Phylogenetic relationships within Cornus (Cornaceae) based on 26S rDNA sequences." American Journal of Botany 88(6): 1131–1138.
* ↑ Xiang, Q., Thomas, D., Zhang, W., Manchester, S., & Murrell, Z. (2006). Species Level Phylogeny of the Genus Cornus (Cornaceae) Based on Molecular and Morphological Evidence-Implications for Taxonomy and Tertiary Intercontinental Migration. Taxon, 55(1), 9-30. doi:10.2307/25065525

#### Cornus with blue or white fruit

* Cornus alternifoliaThe dogwood taxa in the clade with blue or white fruit are sometimes placed in the genus Swida Opiz (1838).
* ↑ "Genus Swida - dogwood." Go Botany. 2021 Native Plant Trust

##### Cornus subg. Kraniopsis

* Cornus subgenus Kraniopsis contains dogwoods with opposite-leaves, blue or white round fruits, open compound cymes, and minute bracts. There are about 30 species in this group worldwide, mostly in East Asia and North America, but a few are from Europe and South America. Five species of subgenus Kraniopsis are native to New York.
* Note that the Flora of North America treats subg. Kraniopsis as subg. Thelycrania "because C. S. Rafinesque (1838) apparently treated his new taxon as a genus, not a subgenus, and no publication validating the name at the subgeneric rank has been located." Most other sources use Kraniopsis for this subgenus name.
* ↑ Chuanzhu Fan & (Jenny) Qiu-Yun Xiang (2001). "Phylogenetic relationships within Cornus (Cornaceae) based on 26S rDNA sequences." American Journal of Botany 88(6): 1131–1138.
* ↑ Zack E. Murrell & Derick B. Poindexter "24. Cornaceae Berchtold & J. Presl Dogwood Family." Flora of North America, Volume 12 -- FNA Beta page
Cornales — Cornaceae — Cornoideae — Cornus subg. Kraniopsis :
| Genus Cornus subg. Kraniopsis | Blue-fruit dogwood | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Cornus racemosa Lam.1786. Cornus racemosa Lam.1789. C. paniculata L’Hér.1964. C. foeminassp. racemosa1943. Swida racemosa Moldenke1959. Thelycrania racemosa Tsitsin | Gray dogwood, Panicled dogwood, Red-panicled dogwood, Northern swamp dogwoodCornouiller à grappes | Native, CoC: 2, Secure Perennial, Tree-shrub | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FEIS Images Wikispecies |
| Cornus sericea L. ssp. sericea1771. Cornus sericea L.1803. C. stolonifera Michx.1890. C. baileyi J.M.Coult.& W.H.Evans1903. C. albavar. coloradensis1904. Swida stolonifera (Michx.) Rydb.1909. C. stoloniferavar. coloradensis1910. C. albassp. stolonifera1933. C. stoloniferavar. baileyi1967. C. albavar. baileyi1967. C. albavar. interior | Red-osier dogwood, Red-rood dogwood, Red-stem dogwood, Red-twig dogwood, American dogwoodCornouiller stolonifère, Cornouiller hart-rouge, Hart-rouge | Native, CoC: 6, Secure FACW Perennial, Tree-shrub | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos FEIS Images Wikispecies |
| Cornus amomum Mill.ssp. amomum1768. Cornus amomum Mill.1903. Swida amomum Small1950. Thelycrania amomum Pojark. | Silky dogwood, Silky cornel, Red-willow | Native, CoC: 6, Secure | NYFA: 5 | USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Cornus amomum Mill.ssp. obliqua (Raf.) J.S.Wilson1819. Cornus obliqua Raf.1845. C. sericeavar. schuetzeana1899. C. purpusii Koehne1934. C. amomumvar. schuetzeana1944. Swida obliqua Moldenke1965. C. amomumssp. obliqua | Narrow-leaved dogwood, Narrowleaf silky dogwood, Silky dogwood, Swamp dogwood, Pale dogwoodCornouiller oblique | Native, CoC: 6, Unranked, SNR, G5T5 | Chemung, Erie, Genesee, Jefferson, Ontario, Orleans, Oswego, Schenectady, Yates NYFA: 2? | USDA-NN VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Cornus rugosa Lam.1786. Cornus rugosa Lam.1789. Cornus circinata L'Hér.1913. Swida circinata Small1932. Swida rugosa Rydb.1950. Thelycrania rugosa Pojark. | Roundleaf dogwood, Round-leaf dogwood, Round-leaved dogwoodCornouiller rugueux | Native, CoC: 7, Secure UPL Perennial, Tree-shrub | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Cornus drummondii C.A.Mey.1845. Cornus drummondii C.A.Mey.1901. Cornus priceae Small1903. Swida priceae Small1950. Thelycrania priceae Pojark.1960. Swida drummondii Soják | Rough-leaved dogwood, Northern roughleaf dogwood, Drummond's dogwoodCornouiller de Drummond | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, S1, G5, NYNHP: 1 FAC Perennial, Tree-shrub | NYFA: 1 | USDA-NN VASCAN Images Wikispecies |
| Cornus × slavinii Rehder  Cornus rugosa ×   Cornus sericea | Slavin's dogwood | Native, Unranked, SNA Perennial, Tree-shrub | Monroe (1905-1915) NYFA: H | USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |
| Cornus amomum × racemosa  Cornus amomum ×   Cornus racemosa | hybrid dogwood | Native, Unranked, SNA Perennial, Tree-shrub | Monroe (1979) NYFA: H | Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2021. Online Conservation Guide for Cornus drummondii, acc. July 19, 2021. ||||||

##### Cornus subg. Mesomora

* Cornus alternifoliaCornus subgenus Mesomora contains dogwoods with alternate leaves, blue or white fruits, open compound cymes, and minute bracts. Besides the North American Cornus alternifolia (pagoda dogwood), the only other species in subgenus Mesomora is the Asian Cornus controversa (giant dogwood), which has not been known to naturalize in New York.
Cornales — Cornaceae — Cornoideae — Cornus subg. Mesomora :
| Genus Cornus subg. Mesomora | Alternate-leaf dogwood | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Cornus alternifolia L.f.1782. Cornus alternifolia L.f.1903. Swida alternifolia Small1950. Bothrocaryum alternifoliumPojark. | Alternate-leaf dogwood, Pagoda dogwood, Green osierCornouiller à feuilles alternes | Native, CoC: 7, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos FEIS Images Wikispecies |

#### Cornus with red fruit

* Cornus canadensisBunchberries are sometimes placed in genus Chamaepericlymenum, while flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) may be placed in genus Benthamidia.
* Cornus florida may be affected by dogwood anthracnose (Discula destructiva), a non-native fungal pathogen. Planting this tree in in full sun may help prevent anthracnose infection.
* ↑ Dogwood Anthracnose Fact Sheet. UMass Extension Landscape, Nursery and Urban Forestry Program. 2024. University of Massachusetts Amherst.
Cornaceae — Cornoideae — Cornus :
| Genus Cornus subg. Arctocrania | Dwarf dogwood | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Cornus canadensis L.1753. Cornus canadensis L. in Sp. Pl.:118 1784. Cornus herbacea var. canadensis (L.) Pall. in Fl. Ross. 1:52 1832. Cornus cyananthus Raf. in Atlantic J. 1:151 1899. Chamaepericlymenum canadense (L.) Asch. & Graebn. in Fl. Nordostdeut. Flachl. 1906. Cornella canadensis Rydb.(L.) Rydb. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33:147 1909. Arctocrania canadensis (L.) Nakai in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23:40 1910. Cornus fauriei H.Lév. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8:281 1931. Cynoxylon canadense (L.) J.H.Schaffn. in Ohio J. Sci. 31:305 1916. Mesomora canadensis (L.) Lunell in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4:487 1949. Eukrania canadensis (L.) Merr. in Index Raf.:184 1949. Eukrania cyananthus (Raf.) Merr. in Index Raf.:184 | Bunchberry, Pudding berry, Crackerberry, Dwarf cornel, Canada dwarf-dogwood, Creeping dogwoodCornouiller quatre-temps, Cornouiller du Canada | Native, Likely secure FAC Perennial, Herb-forb, 2n = 22, 44 | | NYFA: 4-5 | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Cornus subg. Cynoxylon | Big-bract dogwood | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Cornus florida L.1753. Cornus florida L. in Sp. Pl.: 117 1768. Cornus candidissima Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.:n.°6 1838. Cynoxylon floridum (L.) Raf. ex B.D.Jacks. 1839. Benthamidia florida (L.) Spach in Hist. Nat. Vég. 8:107 1903. Cynoxylon floridum (L.) Small in Fl. S.E. U.S. 854 1903. Cornus urbiniana Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 8:53 1908. Cynoxylon floridum (L.) Britton & Shafer in N. Amer. Trees:744 1909. Benthamia florida (L.) Nakai in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23:41 | Flowering dogwood, White dogwood, Eastern flowering dogwood, Big-bracted-dogwoodCornouiller fleuri, Cornouiller à fleurs, Cornouiller de Floride | Native, CoC: 7, Likely secure, S4-S5 FACU Perennial, Tree, Heliophily: 5 Sun-shade, 2n = 44 | | NYFA: 4-5 | USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Cornus subg. Syncarpea | Big-bract dogwood | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Cornus kousa Hance1873. Cornus kousa Hance 1830. Cornus japonica DC. nom. illeg. 1836. Benthamia japonica Siebold & Zucc. 1942. Dendrobenthamia japonica Hutch. 1948. Benthamidia japonica H.Hara | Kousa dogwood, Kousa big-bract-dogwood, Japanese dogwood | Introduced from  temperate Asia, Potentially invasive, Rarely naturalized | | NYFA: X | USDA-X- Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Cornus subg. Cornus | Cornelian cherry | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Cornus mas L.1753. Cornus mas L. 1909. Macrocarpium mas (L.) Nakai | Cornelian cherryCornouiller mâle | Introduced from  temperate Eurasia | | NYFA: X | USDA-X- Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ Flora Novae Angliae treats Cornus kousa as Benthamidia japonica (Siebold & Zucc.) H.Hara. ||||||