OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ada Programming/Libraries/Ada.Wide Text IO.Complex IO

This language feature is available from Ada 95 on.
Ada.Wide_Text_IO.Complex_IO is a unit of the Predefined Language Environment since Ada 95.

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming/Libraries/Ada
* Ada Programming/Input Output

### External examples

* Search for examples of Ada.Wide_Text_IO.Complex_IO in: Rosetta Code, GitHub (gists), any Alire crate or this Wikibook.
* Search for posts related to Ada.Wide_Text_IO.Complex_IO in: Stack Overflow, comp.lang.ada or any Ada related page.

### Ada Reference Manual
#### Ada 95

* G.1.3: Complex Input-Output

#### Ada 2005

* G.1.4: The Package Wide_Text_IO.Complex_IO

#### Ada 2012

* G.1.4: The Package Wide_Text_IO.Complex_IO

### Open-Source Implementations

FSF GNAT
* Specification: a-wtcoio.ads
* Body: a-wtcoio.adb
drake
* Specification: textio/a-wtcoio.ads
# Ada Programming/Libraries/Ada.Wide Text IO.Text Streams

This language feature is available from Ada 95 on.
Ada.Wide_Text_IO.Text_Streams is a unit of the Predefined Language Environment since Ada 95.

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming/Libraries/Ada
* Ada Programming/Libraries/Ada.Streams
* Ada Programming/Input Output

### External examples

* Search for examples of Ada.Wide_Text_IO.Text_Streams in: Rosetta Code, GitHub (gists), any Alire crate or this Wikibook.
* Search for posts related to Ada.Wide_Text_IO.Text_Streams in: Stack Overflow, comp.lang.ada or any Ada related page.

### Ada Reference Manual
#### Ada 95

* A.12.3: The Package Wide_Text_IO.Text_Streams

#### Ada 2005

* A.12.3: The Package Wide_Text_IO.Text_Streams

#### Ada 2012

* A.12.3: The Package Wide_Text_IO.Text_Streams

### Open-Source Implementations

FSF GNAT
* Specification: a-wttest.ads
* Body: a-wttest.adb
drake
* Specification: streams/a-wttest.ads
# Ada Programming/Libraries/Ada.Wide Text IO.Wide Unbounded IO

This language feature is only available from Ada 2005 on.
Ada.Wide_Text_IO.Wide_Unbounded_IO is a unit of the Predefined Language Environment since Ada 2005.

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming/Libraries/Ada
* Ada Programming/Strings
* Ada Programming/Input Output

### External examples

* Search for examples of Ada.Wide_Text_IO.Wide_Unbounded_IO in: Rosetta Code, GitHub (gists), any Alire crate or this Wikibook.
* Search for posts related to Ada.Wide_Text_IO.Wide_Unbounded_IO in: Stack Overflow, comp.lang.ada or any Ada related page.

### Ada Reference Manual
#### Ada 2005

* A.11: Wide Text Input-Output and Wide Wide Text Input-Output

#### Ada 2012

* A.11: Wide Text Input-Output and Wide Wide Text Input-Output

### Open-Source Implementations

FSF GNAT
* Specification: a-wwunio.ads
# Ada Programming/Libraries/Ada.Unchecked Deallocation

This language feature is available from Ada 95 on.
Ada.Unchecked_Deallocation is a unit of the Predefined Language Environment since Ada 95, although it was already present in Ada 83 as a root library unit (Unchecked_Deallocation). Ada 95 defined that name as a renaming of Ada.Unchecked_Deallocation for compatibility.

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming/Libraries/Ada
* Ada Programming/Types/access

### External examples

* Search for examples of Ada.Unchecked_Deallocation in: Rosetta Code, GitHub (gists), any Alire crate or this Wikibook.
* Search for posts related to Ada.Unchecked_Deallocation in: Stack Overflow, comp.lang.ada or any Ada related page.

### Ada Reference Manual
#### Ada 95

* 13.11.2: Unchecked Storage Deallocation

#### Ada 2005

* 13.11.2: Unchecked Storage Deallocation

#### Ada 2012

* 13.11.2: Unchecked Storage Deallocation

### Open-Source Implementations

FSF GNAT
* Specification: a-uncdea.ads
drake
* Specification: a-uncdea.ads
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Double crown

* Double crown knot
* Use: A double crown knot is a decorative knot tied on the end of a laid rope to prevent it from unraveling.
* How to tie:
* Tie a crown knot in the end of the rope.
* Pull the three strands upwards, away from the standing part, and tie another crown knot.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Double fishermans

* Double fisherman's knot
* Use: Use the double fisherman's knot to tie together two ropes of unequal sizes. This knot and the triple fisherman's knot are the variations used most often in rock climbing, but other uses include search and rescue.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Constrictor

* Constrictor Knot
* Use: The Constrictor knot is one of the most effective binding knots. Simple and secure, it is a harsh knot which can be difficult or impossible to untie once tightened. It is made similarly to a clove hitch but with one end passed under the other, forming an overhand knot under a riding turn. It is a very effective knot for constructing a pilot's ladder, as it will not slip when tied around wooden rungs.
* How to tie:
* Make a turn around the object and bring the working end back over the standing part.
* Continue around behind the object.
* Pass the working end over the standing part and then under the riding turn and standing part, forming an overhand knot under a riding turn.
* Be sure the ends emerge between the two turns as shown. Pull firmly on the ends to tighten.
* WARNING: The Constrictor knot's severe bite, which makes it so effective, can damage or disfigure items it is tied around.
See also: Knots/Binding knots/Constrictor
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Crown

* Crown Knot
* Use: Used a component in a back splice and in the double crown knot. Can be used to temporarily prevent the ends of a laid rope from unraveling.
* How to tie:
* Make a constriction around the rope about 7.5 cm from the end. You can constrict it by tying a constrictor knot around the rope with a bit of twine, or you can tape it.
* Unravel the end of the rope all the way to the constriction.
* Bind the ends of the strands with tape to keep them from unraveling.
* Double one strand (strand A) over itself and lay it between the other two (strands B and C), leaving a loop in its center.
* Pull strand B over the end of strand A and lay it between strands A and C.
* Pass strand C through the loop made in strand A.
* Tighten all three strands carefully.
* See http://www.ropeworks.biz/archive/Acrown.html for an animation.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Double bowline

* Double bowline
* How to tie:
* Make a loop with the running end crossing over the standing end.
* Make a larger loop that passes over the first loop, again with the running end passing over the standing end.
* Pass the running end through the first loop from the bottom.
* Wrap the running end behind the standing end, and back down through the first loop.
* Tighten
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Figure 8

* Figure Eight
* Use: This knot is ideal for keeping the end of a rope from running out of tackle or pulley.
* How to tie:
* Make underhand loop, bringing end around and over the standing part.
* Pass end under, then up through the loop.
* Draw up tight.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Fisherman's bend

* Fisherman's knot
* Use: The Fisherman's knot is a specialized bend. It consists of two overhand knots wrapped around each other. It works well for joining thin, stiff, or slippery lines.
* It requires little dexterity to tie, so is often used in stubborn materials. When tightened, it becomes fairly compact, and the free ends can be cropped very close to the knot. These qualities make it very useful for fishing line--it is less likely to jam a fishing rod than many other bends, and is easier to tie with cold, wet hands.
* How to tie:
* To tie the fisherman's knot, lay the two ends to be tied alongside each other and facing opposite ways. Tie an overhand knot on the first rope and pass the second rope through the loop formed. Tighten the overhand knot, to prevent the line inside it from flopping around. Then tie another overhand knot on the second rope with the first rope passing through it.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Double sheet bend

* Double sheet bend
* Use: The double sheet bend or double becket bend is a strong knot used to tie two ropes (usually of different thicknesses or rigidity) together. It is a doubled version of the sheet bend.
* How to tie:
* To tie the double sheet bend, start by making a bight in the larger line. Pass the working end of the smaller line up through the bight, around behind the bight, and beneath the loop in the smaller line (that's a sheet bend). Then once again, pass the working end along the same path, around behind the bight and beneath the loop in the smaller line.
* WARNING: As with the standard sheet bend, the two free ends should end up on the same side of the knot. If they do not, a left-handed double sheet bend results, which is much weaker.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Double Fishermans Knot

* Double Fisherman's Knot
* Use: Joining thin, stiff or slippery lines, backing up critical knots such as the Figure-of-eight loop or Figure-of-eight follow through.
* Use the double fisherman's knot to tie together two ropes of unequal sizes. This knot and the triple fisherman's knot are the variations used most often in rock climbing, but other uses include search and rescue.
* The primary use of this knot in rock climbing is to form high strength loops of cord for connecting pieces of the rock climber's protection system. It is favoured for being compact, and for arranging the line of force in a straight line through the knot.
* Another common use for this knot is to back up a critical knot, such as a harness tie-in knot or single-line rappel rigs. In this use, the running end is tied around the standing end of the rope, so that it cannot slip back through the knot.
* How to tie:
* See illustration.
* Draw up tight.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Eye splice

* Eye splice
* Use: The eye splice is the best method of creating a permanent loop in the end of multi stranded rope by means of rope splicing. The ends of the rope are tucked (plaited) back into the standing end to form the loop. Originally this splice was described with each end being tucked only about three times. When the splice was made in tarred hemp or cotton this was reasonably safe. With modern synthetic ropes, five complete tucks is a minimum and additional tucks are recommended for critical loads.
* How to tie:
* The ends of the rope are first wrapped in tape or heated with a flame to prevent each end from fraying completely. The rope is unlayed for a distance equal to three times the diameter for each "tuck", e.g., for five tucks in half inch rope, undo about 7.5 inches. Wrap the rope at that point to prevent it unwinding further. Form the loop and plait the three ends back against the twist of the rope. Practice is required to keep each end retaining its twist and lie neatly.
* Eye Splice Animated
# Forensic sciences: Effects of stress and perturbations on soil communities

The aim of this book is to expand knowledge in forensic sciences. For this purpose, effects of a pig cadaver, blood and manure (which are both body fluids) on the belowground fauna, especially testate amoebae, have been evaluated. Indeed, when a body dies, internal changes occur, but it also significantly alter the environment around the dead body, especially the soil and its organisms. This first experiment is summarized in this wikibooks but, in terms, further studies should complement it with new research on the effect of a cadaver on the soil fauna.
This wikibook has been initiated by Bachelor students during a one month experiment, as part of an educational project, with the intent to improve its content over the course of several years.

## Contents

Introduction
Materials and methods
Results and discussion
Conclusion
Appendices
# Foreign Alphabet/Tagalog

Tagalog language uses Latin alphabet. majuscule — minuscule
* A — a
* B — b
* C — c
* D — d
* E — e
* F — f
* G —g
* H — h
* I — i
* J — j
* K — k
* L — l
* M — m
* N — n
* Ñ — ñ
* NG — ng
* O — o
* P — p
* Q — q
* R — s
* S — s
* T — t
* U — u
* V — v
* W — w
* X — x
* Y — y
* Z — z
# Foreign Alphabet/Russian

* Аа
* Бб
* Вв
* Гг
* Дд
* Ее
* Ёё
* Жж
* Зз
* Ии
* Йй
* Кк
* Лл†
* Мм
* Нн
* Оо
* Пп
* Рр
* Сс
* Тт
* Уу
* Фф
* Хх
* Цц
* Чч
* Шш
* Щщ
* Ъъ
* Ыы
* Ьь
* Ээ
* Юю
* Яя
# Form 1 .4 Term Mathematics 1 2012-2013

This site is for use by student of 1.4 as a revision guide for Mathematics topics done during the term. This also provides them with a place to pose question and view videos, play games, engage in activities while learning Maths actively.

## Number and Number Systems
### Number All Around Us

Understand the characteristics of the denary number system . The number system that we use in every day life is the denary number system. So called because it uses ten digits to form numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9. You can access some interesting facts on the history of numbers at the following link. History of Numbers. After reading write five(5) short sentences on the history of numbers. (Link up with your learning partner to discuss each other's points in the discussion area.)

#### Numbers all around us

We us numbers every day. They are all around us. View the video on numbers around us and then see if you can list a couple other examples of numbers around us.

#### Understanding number systems

In the denary number system the place value of the digits in the numbers are very important. Each digit has a value determined by where it is in the number.Learn more about the Place Value of numbers by following this link.

### Read classify and write different types of numbers

We must be able to read numbers and write them in numbers and in words. We therefore have to learn to spell words like hundred, thousand, million, ninety, eighty, seventy and so on. Check out the link to make sure you can read and write numbers

#### Different types of numbers

Numbers can belong to different groups. These groups include odd numbers, even numbers, prime numbers, composite numbers, rectangular numbers to name a few. Prime numbers are of particular importance and we must be able to identify these. We can use a cool tool call Eratosthenes Sieve to identify these numbers.

#### Writing numbers in index form

Writing a number in index form means writing a number with a power. Remember 10$^3$ is a short way of writing 10x10x10. The digit 3 in 10$^3$ is called the index or power.

#### The Metric system

This is the system we use to measure. It is similar to the denary system in that it makes use of the number ten. We must know how to convert our measurements from one unit to another.This video gives an easy method for doing this.
# Ada Programming/Keywords/body

This keyword is used to define the body (implementation) of the following units:
* Packages
* Tasks and protected units

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming
* Ada Programming/Keywords

### Ada Reference Manual

* 2.9 Reserved Words (Annotated)
* Annex P (informative) Syntax Summary (Annotated)

### Ada Quality and Style Guide

* 3.1.3 Capitalization
# Ada Programming/Keywords/accept
## Summary

The keyword accept is used in Ada tasks for accepting a rendezvous.

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming
* Ada Programming/Keywords

### Ada Reference Manual

* 2.9 Reserved Words (Annotated)
* Annex P (informative) Syntax Summary (Annotated)
* 9.7.1 Selective Accept (Annotated)
* 9.5.2 Entries and Accept Statements (Annotated)

### Ada Quality and Style Guide

* 3.1.3 Capitalization
# Ada Programming/Keywords/access

This keyword is used in access types declarations and anonymous access parameters.

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming
* Ada Programming/Keywords

### Ada Reference Manual

* 2.9 Reserved Words (Annotated)
* Annex P (informative) Syntax Summary (Annotated)

### Ada Quality and Style Guide

* 3.1.3 Capitalization
# Ada Programming/Keywords/aliased
## Description

If you come from C/C++ you are probably used to the fact that every element of an array, struct/record and other variables has an address. The C/C++ standards actually demand that. In Ada this is not true.
Ada is a self optimizing language — there is for example no register keyword like in C/C++. Ada compilers will use a register for storage automatically. Incidentally, most C/C++ compilers nowadays just ignore the register and allocate registers themselves, just like Ada does.
So if you want to take an access from any variable you need to tell the compiler that the variable needs to be in memory and may not reside inside a register. This is what the keyword aliased is for. Additionally it also serves as a hint to the reader of the program about the existence of pointers referencing the variable.

## For type declarations
### For the elements of an array

Declaring an array as aliased will only ensure that the array as a whole has an address. It says nothing about the individual elements of the array — which may be packed in a way that more than one element has the same address. You need to declare the actual elements as aliased as well. You can read in Types/array how this is done. Here is just a short example:

### For the elements of a record

Just like arrays, declaring a record as aliased will only ensure that the record as a whole has an address. It says nothing about the individual elements of the record — which again may be packed and share addresses. Again you need to declare the actual elements as aliased as well. You can read in Types/record how this is done. Here is just a short example:

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming
* Ada Programming/Keywords

### Ada Reference Manual

* 2.9 Reserved Words (Annotated)
* Annex P (informative) Syntax Summary (Annotated)
* 3.10 Access Types (Annotated)

### Ada Quality and Style Guide

* 3.1.3 Capitalization
# Ada Programming/Keywords/case

This keyword is used in case statements and variant record definitions.

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming
* Ada Programming/Keywords

### Ada Reference Manual

* 2.9 Reserved Words (Annotated)
* Annex P (informative) Syntax Summary (Annotated)

### Ada Quality and Style Guide

* 3.1.3 Capitalization
# Ada Programming/Keywords/and
## Logical operator
### Boolean shortcut operator

Shortcut operators are used to make the evaluation of parts of boolean expressions conditional: and then, or else. This should never be done to speed up the evaluation (with modern optimizing compilers, it will possibly not have that effect). The correct use is to prevent the evaluation of expressions known to raise an exception.
In the example above, G (Dog) is only called when the pointer Dog is not null, i.e. it actually points to something.
Actually and then and or else are not operators in the sense of the reference manual, they are called 'Short-circuit Control Forms'. The difference is that (true) operators can be redefined (i.e. overloaded), whereas these cannot. They are however defined for any boolean type.
Since Ada allows parallel evaluation of the arguments for an expression, shortcut operators are not the standard way of evaluating boolean expressions. In any case where the final result of the evaluation is guaranteed to be the same, the compiler is allowed to use a shortcut evaluation.

### Boolean operator on arrays

The and operator is applied to each pair of boolean elements from the left and right arrays. The result has the same bounds as the left operand.

### Bitwise operator

The operator and could be used with modular types to perform bitwise operations.

## Adding interfaces to tagged types

This language feature is only available from Ada 2005 on.

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming
* Ada Programming/Keywords
* Ada Programming/Operators
* Ada Programming/Keywords/interface

### Ada 95 Reference Manual

* 2.9 Reserved Words (Annotated)
* 4.4 Expressions (Annotated)
* Annex P (informative) Syntax Summary (Annotated)

#### Ada 2005 Reference Manual

* 2.9 Reserved Words (Annotated)
* 3.9.4 Interface Types (Annotated)
* 4.4 Expressions (Annotated)
* Annex P (informative) Syntax Summary (Annotated)

### Ada Quality and Style Guide

* 3.1.3 Capitalization
Ada Operators :
| and | and then | > | + | abs | & |
| or | or else | >= | - | mod | |
| xor | = | < | * | rem | in |
| not | /= | <= | ** | / | not in |
# Ada Programming/Keywords/begin

The begin keyword in Ada is almost synonymous with the { in C/C++/Java. In the paradigm of structured programming languages, a keyword or symbol is often needed to delimit the beginning of the body from the element (i.e. if, elsif, for loop, while loop) to which it pertains.
For the case of subprograms, packages, tasks and blocks this word is begin.
For example,
The begin keyword is always closed with the end keyword. The opposite is not true in Ada.

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming
* Ada Programming/Keywords
* Ada Programming/Tasking

### Ada Reference Manual

* 2.9 Reserved Words (Annotated)
* Annex P (informative) Syntax Summary (Annotated)
* 9.8 Abort of a Task - Abort of a Sequence of Statements (Annotated)
* E.1 Partitions (Annotated)

### Ada Quality and Style Guide

* 3.1.3 Capitalization
# Ada Programming/Keywords/all

This keyword is used in:
* General access types declaration
* Explicit dereferencing of access variables
* Universal quantified expressions

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming
* Ada Programming/Keywords

### Ada Reference Manual

* 2.9 Reserved Words (Annotated)
* Annex P (informative) Syntax Summary (Annotated)

### Ada Quality and Style Guide

* 3.1.3 Capitalization
# Ada Programming/Keywords/array

This keyword is used in the declaration of array types and anonymous array objects.

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming
* Ada Programming/Keywords

### Ada Reference Manual

* 2.9 Reserved Words (Annotated)
* Annex P (informative) Syntax Summary (Annotated)

### Ada Quality and Style Guide

* 3.1.3 Capitalization
# Ada Programming/Keywords/at

This keyword is used in representation clauses:
* in an alignment clause (obsolescent), replaced by the aspect Alignment;
* in a component clause.
and in address clauses (obsolencent), replaced by the aspect Address.

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming
* Ada Programming/Keywords

### Ada Reference Manual

* 2.9 Reserved Words (Annotated)
* Annex P (informative) Syntax Summary (Annotated)

### Ada Quality and Style Guide

* 3.1.3 Capitalization
# Ancient History/Human Evolution

* Introduction- Ancient Peoples
* An ancient cave painting of a bird, discovered in modern-day Brazil. Cave paintings have been found in many places around the world, including France, Spain, the Americas, Guatemala, and the Dominican Republic.
* Where did humans come from? The prominent theory is that humans evolved from primates over millions of years, but then what? How exactly did the human race come into being from evolution to prehistory? This question has been pondered by many archaeologists, anthropologists, and historians alike. Today there are two main theories to answer this question: the Recent African Origin theory and the Multi-regional Origin theory. We will discuss both of these theories, but first we should discuss some of the tools and techniques scientists can use to research these theories.
* For a more detailed discussion of evolution and ancient peoples, be sure to read Introduction to Paleoanthropology.
* Prehistory is divided into a three-age system, based on advancements in tool technology. The first of the three ages is the stone age, divided into the Paleolithic age (old stone age), the Mesolithic age (middle stone age), and the Neolithic age (new stone age). The stone age was followed by the bronze age, where tools were no longer made from stone but from copper and bronze. The last of the three ages was the iron age, when metallurgy developed. This section examines the development of humanity as a whole throughout prehistory. More specific cultural information can be found in later chapters.
* Chapter 1 - Human Origins
* Insert Summary
* Chapter 2 - The Recent African Origin Theory
* Insert Summary
* Chapter 3 - The Multiregional Origin Theory
* Insert Summary
* Chapter 4 - The Paleolithic Age
* Insert Summary
* Chapter 5 - The Neolithic Age
* Insert Summary
<<Return to Ancient History table of contents