OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Klingon/Lesson2

You may find Learning Klingon difficult due to the alien nature of the language. When Okrand developed tlhIngan Hol, he specifically designed it to violate typical human language rules; Klingon uses a word order rarely found among human languages, and combines sounds in atypical ways. Beginners may have more luck familiarizing themselves with basic words and phrases to get the phonetic pronunciation, than trying to memorize pronunciation rules.
Klingon cursing ranks among the most difficult linguistic activity; the most offensive words and phrases in tlhIngan Hol utilize difficult to produce sounds such as tlh or Q, as well as difficult sequences of phonemes such as toDSaH. Mastering Klingon cursing gives practical experience with pronunciation and sound formation.

## Qapla'

The Klingon word for success. For many Star Trek fans this is the only word they know. Hopefully, you'll be able to construct whole sentences by the end of this course!

### Q

The word Qapla' present difficulty at first due to the tlhIngan Hol Q sound; you pronounce this sound somewhat like the q but harder and louder, and the difference may not be clear at first. To form the Q sound, put the back of your tongue as far back into your mouth as you can; then force the air up as if you're trying to cough something up. Pronounce the Q forcefully. You may find this similar to producing a strong English 'k' sound, but with the back of your tongue pressed to your uvula (another way to think of it is a Klingon q followed by a Klingon H).

## petaQ

The word petaQ (pronounced) serves well as an introductory Klingon word; this word functions as an epithet, similar to "bastard" or "asshole" in context. This will undoubtedly provide an enriching addition to your skeletal Klingon vocabulary.

## HIja' or HISlaH

HIja' or HISlaH both mean yes (in answer to a yes/no question)

## ghobe'

And ghobe' means no (again, in answer to a yes/no question)

## jIyajbe'

And finally a whole sentence:
What? you ask. How can a whole sentence be encoded in one word?
Next lesson we'll enter the exciting world of Klingon grammar and analyse this sentence. For now, all you need to know is that jIyajbe' means 'I don't understand' (hopefully, you'll never have to use this phrase!)
# LGBT Young Adult Literature

Welcome to the LGBT Young Adult Literature wikibook. This wikibook is intended to be an introduction to young adult literature written with LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) content. Trends and themes will be discussed, making reference to particular books that fit within the LGBT spectrum. Additionally, books dealing with LGBT issues will be summarized, for the interest of young readers, parents or teachers. Questions about this project can be asked on the Talk Page. Anyone who wishes to contribute to this project should read the Contributors page, and then edit boldly!

## Chapters

* Introduction
* History
* Glossary

### Themes

* Bullying
* Coming of Age
* Coming Out
* First Love
* Guilt
* Homosexuality as a Phase
* Parental Interference
* Religion
* Tragedy
* Transsexuality

### Book Summaries

* Annie on My Mind (Nancy Garden, 1982)
* Boy Meets Boy (David Levithan, 2003)
* Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit (Jeanette Winterson, 1985)

## Further Reading

* Writing Adolescent Fiction
# Klingon/Grammar/Questions

One demarcates questions in Klingon either by using the suffix 'a' or any of various "question words" (analagous to who, when, where, etc.).

## Vocabulary

Da- prefix: Subject you object it, he, or she
qIp: hit (v.)
ghoS: approach (v.)
mang: soldier (n.)

## 'a'

One uses this Type 9 verb suffix to ask about whether the subject of the sentence does the action to which 'a' is appended.
Example:
Dalegh'a'
Do you see it?

## Question words

* chay
    how
* ghorgh
    when
* nuq
    what
* nuqDaq
    where
* qatlh
    why
* 'ar
    how many, how much
* 'Iv
    who
The question words for what and who are used as either the subject or object in the sentence. For example, 'Iv qIp means "It hits who?" Conversely, qIp 'Iv would mean "Who hits it?".
'ar follows the noun that it refers too. For example: ghoS mang 'ar means "How many soldiers approach?"
Other question words come at the start of the sentence.
# Klingon/Grammar/Plurals

Plurals in Klingon are a bit more complicated than in English. There are no less than three endings for plurals. However, everything is still quite simple - except for the dreaded irregular nouns.

## What does plural mean?

A plural is a word that shows there is more than one thing being talked about. E.g. - 'dogs' is plural; there must be more than one dog being talked about (you wouldn't say 'one dogs').

## Words to learn

be'Hom - girl (pl. be'Hompu')
mIn - eye (pl. mInDu')
yan - sword (pl yanmey)
peng - torpedo (pl. cha)

## -pu'

-pu' is the suffix used for beings capable of using language. So the plural of be'Hom (girl) is be'Hompu' (girls). A common memory aid is to think of -pu' as equivalent to the English suffixed component -folk. be'Hom is girl, be'Hompu' is *girlfolk.

## -Du'

-Du' is the suffix used for body parts. So the plural of mIn (eyes) is mInDu'. Click here for a list of body parts. A common memory aid is to remember this is analogous to the defunct dual case in English. -Du' is similar to "du"al. One might consider this a relic of a dual case in an older Klingon. It is acceptable in modern Klingon to use -mey however this suggests amputation or removal from the body, with a sense of "scattered around". mInmey would be "disembodied eyes scattered around".

## -mey

-mey is the plural suffix for everything else. The plural of yan (sword) is yanmey (swords). A common memory aid is to remember this suffix is to think of -mey as starting with the letter m as in English more. yan is sword, yanmey is more than one sword.

## Irregular noun plurals

Some plurals are completely different to the singular word. Sorry - you'll just have to learn these. For, example, the plural of peng (torpedo) is cha.
Click here for a list of some irregular nouns.
# History of video games/Platforms/Game Gear
## History
### Development

While in development the Game Gear was known as Project Mercury.
The Game Gear was made domestically in Japan.

### Launch

The Game Gear was launched in October of 1990 costing 19,800 yen.

### Discontinuation

Sega discontinued the Game Gear in 1997, with 11 million consoles sold. During the 30th anniversary of the system in 2020, Sega produced the Game Gear Micro a miniature reproduction of the Game Gear.

## Technology

The internal architecture of the Game Gear is very similar to Sega's earlier home console, the Master System.

### Compute

The Game Gear uses an 8-bit Zilog Z80 based processor clocked at 3.58 megahertz.
The Game Gear has eight kilobytes of RAM, and 16 kilobytes of video RAM.

### Hardware

The Game Gear has a 3.2 inch color screen with a resolution of 160 pixels by 144 pixels.
The Game Gear uses a Texas Instruments SN76489 chip for sound.
The Game Gear required the use of 6 AA batteries.

## Notable games
### 1991

* Eternal Legend
* Factory Panic
* Ax Battler: A Legend of Golden Axe
* House of Tarot
* Ninja Gaiden
* Head Buster
* Popils

### 1992

* The Majors: Pro Baseball
* The G.G. Shinobi II: The Silent Fury
* Sega Game Pack 4 in 1

### 1993

* Power Strike II

### 1994

* Fred Couples Golf
* Coca-Cola Kid
* Megami Tensei Gaiden: Last Bible
* Poker Face Paul
* Popeye: Beach Volleyball
* X-Men
* X-Men: Gamesmaster's Legacy

### 1995

* Mega Man
* Chicago Syndicate
* Godzilla: Kaijuu no Daishingeki
* Ristar
* Super Columns
* Sylvan Tale

### 1996

* Arena: Maze of Death
* Pet Club: Inu Daisuki!
* Pet Club: Neko Daisuki!

## Special Edition Game Gear Consoles

* Enjoy Coca-Cola Game Gear

## Gallery
### Console

* The Sega Game Gear with a Television Tuner attached. This allowed for gamers to catch over-the-air television on the go, a novelty during the 1990's.
* A special edition red Coca-Cola Game Gear.
* A standard Game Gear cartridge

### Internals

* The Game Gear CPU.

## References

* 1 2 3 4 5 Life, Nintendo (3 June 2020). "Hardware Classics: Sega Game Gear - The System Which Spawned The Game Gear Micro". Nintendo Life. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
* 1 2 "HISTORY SEGA 60th Anniversary". SEGA 60th Anniversary site. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
* ↑ "I'll Never Love a Console Like I Loved the SEGA Game Gear". www.vice.com. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
* 1 2 3 4 5 "Z80 Assembly programming for the Sega Master System and the Game Gear!". www.chibiakumas.com. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
* 1 2 "Sega Game Gear System Info". www.vgmuseum.com. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
* ↑ "Sega's Game Gear turns 30". Young Post. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
* ↑ Machkovech, Sam (30 April 2022). "Tasting Coca-Cola’s first “gamer” flavor—and the history of game-and-soda tie-ins" (in en-us). Ars Technica. https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2022/04/coca-colas-first-gamer-flavor-and-the-history-of-game-and-soda-tie-ins/.
# Construction Tracker
### Intent

To identify the data member that throws an exception when initialization of two or more objects in the constructor's initialization list can throw the same exception type

### Also Known As

Construction Tracker

### Motivation

When two or more objects are initialized in a constructor's initialization list and all of them can throw the same exception (std::exception), tracking which one of them failed becomes a tricky issue as there can be only one try block surrounding the initialization list. Such a try block has a special name called 'constructor try block', which is nothing but a 'function-try block'.

### Solution and Sample Code

Construction Tracker idiom uses a simple technique to track successful construction of objects in the initialization list. A counter is simply incremented as constructors of objects finish successfully one-by-one. It cleverly uses the comma operator to inject the counter increments in between calls to the constructors, all being invisible to the user of the class.
The double parentheses is how the comma operator is used to place in the assignment to the tracker. This idiom critically depends upon the constructor of B and C taking at least one parameter. If class B or C does not take parameters, then an adapter class needs to be written, such that the adapter class accepts a dummy parameter and calls the default constructors of B and C. Such an adapter can be written using More C++ Idioms/Parameterized Base Class idiom using the mixin-from-below technique. The adapter class can also be completely encapsulated inside class A. In the conconstructor class A, the tracker parameter has a default value, and therefore it does not bother the user.

### References

* Smart Pointers Reloaded (III): Constructor Tracking
# Kitchen Remodel/Outcome

Phase 1: Planning:
The old kitchen |
The general idea |
Kitchen theory |
Rough layout |
Appliances |
Utility connections and lighting |
Cabinet theory |
Islands and peninsulas |
Cabinet front styles |
Cabinet selection |
Reference
Phase 2: Preparation:
Schedule |
Cabinet installation preparation
Phase 3: Implementation:
Reshaping the space |
Cabinet installation |
Cabinet installation trouble shooting |
Appliance and sink installation |
Countertop and backsplash |
Tile work |
Outcome
Kitchen Remodel
Home :

## The final touch

There are a few last things that we did.
We have started a number of baby indoor plants, some in hangers, some in green pots, in order to add color to our kitchen.
Originally, we had planned to use the northernmost section of the kitchen as a breakfast place. But during the lengthy process of planning and of construction, we dismissed this idea, because in my family, which is a family of individualists, we don't really have a routine of coming together for breakfast at one table, and I was not too keen to establish one either. And there is also the regular dining area just at the other end of the kitchen. But since we had this beautiful and conveniently located space available, I wanted to make it appealing for use. So I declared it our "coffee nook" and furnished it with two comfortable accent chairs and an interesting little table. Now we can read there and have a cup of coffee and chat about or next project…
* The coffee nook
* My final kitchen suggestion: A rolling stool can be used for sitting and even as a makeshift kitchen island. Historically, most kitchen work was done sitting, because it is much less tiring.
# Folkstyle Wrestling/Wrestling Websites
## References

http://www.wrestlingsbest.com/ :the wrestling megasite, has literally thousands of links and pictures.
http://stickgrappler.tripod.com/wrest/wrest.html, stickgrapplers rescources
http://www.themat.com/CoachesCorner/presslist.asp?catid=145, the mat.com technique rescources
http://www.themat.com/CoachesCorner/presslist.asp?catid=148 :the mat.com rescources.(mostly advertising, but does have a list of the seven basic skills.
http://www.themat.com/articles/showfaq.asp?fldAuto=5 :look on the bottom for a technique analysis.
http://www.themat.tv/?vid_filter=TechniqueofMonth&PHPSESSID=61ea46c01ffce11662bb91bcb80a0fc7 :some technique videos
http://www.themat.tv/?palestra_search=true :you need to be a member and logged in to take full advantage of this tool, but it does list a lot of techniques and is good to jog your memory
http://web.archive.org/20070224200723/homepage.mac.com/gdemarco1/WA/IndexAlphabetical.html :lots of articles on coaching wrestling. will be very helpful.
http://www.realprowrestling.com/gym/section/6/content/244C2B01-EDCA-6BCC-0FE03A40D7699691/principles_of_wrestling.html :realprowwrestling principles of wrestling
http://www.dangable.com/coach_gable.html :look on the bottom right for some articles by dan gable.
http://www.dangable.com/coach_tips.html :some coaching tips by dan gable
http://www.dangable.com/wrestle_tips.html :wrestling tips from dan gable
http://www.dangable.com/training_tips.html :training tips from dan gable
http://www.thematforums.com/myforum/index.php? :the mat.com wrestling forums.
http://www.mma.tv/TUF/index.cfm?ac=SetMasterFrame&FID=26&PID=17 :mma.tv/xyience.com wrestling forums
http://www.realprowrestling.com/categories/244F9853-DF69-31B1-C175E43C062379A2/forum.html :real pro wrestling forums
http://www.amateurwrestlingphotos.com/ :pictures of amateur wrestling, there FAQ page says that you should email them about using the pictures. it would be great if somebody could do this.
# Algebra/Chapter 10/Fundamental Theorem

‘For every non-constant polynomial with complex coefficients, there exists at least one complex root.
Furthermore, its degree is also the amount of its roots (with multiplicity).
# Algebra/Contributors/TODO

This page lists things for contributors to do.
# Algebra/Contributors/Templates

* Proof
* Tip
* Side Note
* Caution!
* Example
# History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Biographies/Harold Edward William Banks/Notes
## Harold Edward William Banks - Transcriptions and notes
### 1950s
#### 1950
##### 1950 12
#### 1951
##### 1951 10

   To Study Signal's Technique. FIVE members of the Tasmania Command Signal Squadron will leave Hobart on Tuesday for Balcombe (Vic.) for courses in the latest signals technique. S/Sgt. H. E. W. Banks and Sgt. A. Andersson will study wireless equipment, Sgt. S. J. Excell signal operating and procedure, and Cpls. A. C. Wise and J. E. Addison line equipment. S/Sgt Banks is Council Clerk at Richmond. He was a Merchant Marine radio operator. Sgt. Andersson is an A.B.C. technician. These five non-commissioned officers will be instructors for the expanded signal squadron in its new line of communication role.

##### 1951 12
#### 1952
##### 1952 12
#### 1953
##### 1953 12
#### 1954
##### 1954 12
#### 1955
##### 1955 12
#### 1956
##### 1956 12
#### 1957
##### 1957 12
#### 1958
##### 1958 12
#### 1959
##### 1959 12
### 1960s
#### 1969
##### 1969 01
##### 1969 12

* ↑ http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article52832459
# Evans Gambit

The Evans Gambit is an opening out of the Giuoco Piano variation of the Italian game. The first recorded usage of the gambit is from 1824 when a Welsh sea captain with the surname of Evans played it in a tournament. This new gambit received lots of attention, leading to lots of open, tactical games and more importantly opportunities for sacrifices favoured by chess players of the era, who preferred quick, sacrificial games over long positional games.
The gambit was first analysed in 1823 and became the mainline of 1. e4 e5 for the rest of the XIX century. Many miniatures, like the Evergreen game were made out of it. What could possibly go wrong?
Before we continue its history, let’s quickly examine its 2 lines. The line preferred by romantic players is the Slow Line, castling before pushing d2-d4. There is another line that will turn out to be objectively better, the immediate d4.
However, in the latest parts of the XIX century, Wilhelm Steinitz quickly rose to becoming the best player in the world. He uncorked a new positional style of play, aiming for long term advantages instead of attacking all the time. This style of play was proven to be effective and was taken up by many players. This was a blow to the Evans gambit, because its effectiveness was dampened when Black won’t give it the tactical game it so desires. However, the real killer came in the dawn of the twentieth century. World Champion Emmanuel Lasker invented a defense to the Evans gambit named after him. His style of play was positional, inspired by Steinitz. The Lasker Defense was brutal as it let white regain the pawn, only to suck the energy out of their position by trading queens. Bad for the Gambit player.
The Evans Gambit was killed, at least the slow line. The Evans Gambit was briefly revitalised in the interwar period, when in the immediate d2-d4 line, Sevielly Tartakower came up with the Tartakower Attack, which is 7.Qb3 in the mainline for that variation. This turned out to be the best variation. Unfortunately, the Italian Game and 1.e4 itself died out in favour of the positional Queen's Gambit and the modern 1.Nf3, and with it the Evans Gambit.
The future was bleak for the gambit. However, Garry Kasparov played it against Vishwanathan Anand, increasing its popularity. That was not enough as the Evans Gambit remained to be a second-rank choice in master level.

### 4.b4

White offers a pawn to gain a positional advantage in the center. Should Black accept the gambit with 4...Bxb4, White would begin launching an attack in the center with 5. c3 and later on, 6. d4.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.b4
| | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| Evans Gambit Accepted | ... Bxb4 | c3 Ba5 | d4 d6 | Qb3 Qd7 | ∞ |
| Evans Gambit Declined | ... Bb6 | a4 a6 | Nc3 d6 | Nd5 Ba7 | += |
| Hein Countergambit | ... d5 | exd5 Nxb4 | | | ∞ |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.

## References

* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# Acing the SQE/Contract Law
## Core principles of contract law
### Formation

In English contract law, formation refers to the creation of a legally binding agreement between two or more parties. For a contract to be valid and enforceable, it must satisfy several key elements. These elements are:

#### offer and acceptance

An offer is a clear, unequivocal proposal made by one party (the offeror) to another (the offeree) with the intention of being bound by it once the offeree accepts. • The offer must be specific and capable of acceptance. • Offers can be terminated through rejection, revocation, lapse of time, or counteroffer. Acceptance
* Acceptance is an unqualified agreement to the terms of the offer. • It must be communicated clearly, either explicitly (e.g., verbally or in writing) or implicitly (e.g., through conduct). • Acceptance must mirror the terms of the offer (the “mirror image rule”). Any variation might constitute a counteroffer rather than acceptance.
Some leading cases are: • Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co (1893): Demonstrates offer and acceptance in a unilateral contract. Hyde v Wrench (1840): Establishes the mirror image rule and the effect of a counteroffer. • Currie v Misa (1875): Defines consideration as a detriment to the promisee or a benefit to the promisor.

#### consideration

Consideration refers to the “price” paid for the promise made in the contract. It involves an exchange of value, such as money, services, goods, or promises. • It must be sufficient but need not be adequate. For example, a small or nominal consideration can suffice, but it must have some value in law. • Past consideration (an act performed before the promise is made) is generally not valid, except in specific exceptions.

#### intention to create legal relations

* The parties must intend for their agreement to have legal consequences. • In commercial agreements, there is a presumption of intent to create legal relations, unless expressly stated otherwise. • In social or domestic arrangements, there is usually no such presumption unless evidence shows otherwise.

#### certainty

* The terms of the agreement must be clear and complete enough for the court to enforce. • Ambiguities or omissions in key terms may render the contract void.

#### capacity

The parties entering the contract must have the legal capacity to do so (e.g., they must be of sound mind and not minors, with some exceptions for necessities).

### Contract terms
#### express terms
#### exemption clauses

Section 3 of the Unfair Contract Terms Act (UCTA) will apply and the exemption clause will be valid if reasonable (reasonableness test).
# Animal Care

It is important to take care of animals when you own them as pets. This is why this wikibook can help you!

## Table of Contents

* General Information
** Introduction
** Basic care
** Why take care of an animal?
** Comparison - Which animal is right for me?
** Emergencies
* Animal Caretaking Guides
** Bearded Dragon
** Cat
** Cockatoo
** Dog or Dog Care (2 books needing a merger)
** Freshwater aquarium fish
** Goldfish
** Guinea pig
** Hamster
** Land hermit crab
** Lizard
** Marine Aquaria
** Nile Monitor
** Rabbit
** Snake
** Turtle
** Titan stick insect
* Flight with your animal

## Related Books on Animal Husbandry

* Beekeeping
* Raising Cattle
* Raising Chickens
* Training the Search and Rescue Dog
* Subject:Animal care
# Animal Care/flight with your animal

When travelling on aircraft, you might bring your pets with you.

## Rules and regulations

Some jurisdictions (countries, states, provinces, etc.) require permission to bring animals in and out of the country. Make sure to check online to see if you need permission.

## On the plane

Provide the animals with a sufficient amount of food and water so that your pet won't go hungry or thirsty on the flight. Your pet needs to be secured in a cage to keep them from escaping and/or posing a potential threat to other animals on board.