OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Novial/AIL Comparison
## Comparison

The degrees of comparison are indicated by means of special words, not by means of endings. This is in accordance with the prevailing tendency in most languages. Examples: plu bon(i) kam better than. tam bon(i) kam as good as. min bon(i) kam less good than.
The use of the same word kam in these comparisons makes it possible to say, e.g., lo es tam brav o plu brav kam lon fratro he is as brave as, or braver than his brother.
Cf. under Particles on tam, kam, quam.
The superlative is indicated by maxim or minim: lo es li maxim bravi (li minim bravi) inter li fratres (or ek li fratres).
The rules here given for the comparative and superlative are, of course, applicable to those adverbs as well that admit of comparison: plu bald sooner; min utilim in a less useful way.
# Novial/AIL Existing
## An Existing Language?

A great many people will stop here and say: yes, we grant that it would be desirable to have one single language used everywhere, but would it not be best to select one of the existing languages and use that in all communications between two or more nations, even if no one of those concerned knew that language as his own mother-tongue? The answer is that a deliberate choice of any one language for such a purpose would meet with unsurmountable difficulties on account of international jealousies. Frenchmen and Germans alike would fight tooth and nail against a proposal to make English a universally recognised international language, Frenchmen and Englishmen against German, etc. - and quite naturally too, for such a choice would mean an enormous handicapping of all other nations. Nor would it be possible to make all nations agree on the selection of a language of a smaller nation: visionaries have, as a matter of fact, proposed Norwegian and Armenian! It would require a good deal of compulsion to make people all over the world take up the study of either of these languages, and to the nation thus put in the linguistically most-favoured position it would be a doubtful boon to see its beloved tongue mutilated and trampled under foot everywhere, as would inevitably be the result.
One day, when I was discussing these matters with a famous Belgian historian and complaining of the difficulty felt by men of science who happened to be born in a small country, he said: Instead of writing in an artificial language, it will be much better for you Danes to write in French; if the matter is good enough, we shall read it with pleasure, even if it be bad French. I replied that no one can help being to some extent irritated to read his own language disfigured by faults in grammar and phraseology, and that a Dane would find it much easier to learn to write Ido (or now Novial) perfectly than to learn to write even very faulty French; he would be spared that unpleasant feeling of inferiority which he must always have when trying to write a serious book or paper in a foreign national language.
# Minecraft/Charcoal

Minecraft
Blocks | Items | Mobs
Structures
Miscellaneous
Guides
Charcoal is a good substitute for coal, as it can be used for all crafting recepies coal is in, exept for block of coal.

## Obtaining

Smelt logs in a furnace to get charcoal. It is a good substitute for when you have no coal.
# Minecraft/Chest

Minecraft
Blocks | Items | Mobs
Structures
Miscellaneous
Guides
Chests give 27 slots to store items, a way to store more items than your inventory can while keeping them safe from dropping when you die. They need a transparent block or air above them to open.

## Obtaining

Crafting recipe:
| Plank | Plank | Plank |
| Plank | | Plank |
| Plank | Plank | Plank |
This makes a chest.
Chests are found in the following places:
* Dungeon
* Igloo
* Desert Temple
* Jungle Temple
* Woodland Mansion
* Pillager Outpost
* Stronghold
* Abandoned Mineshaft
* Ruined Portal
* Village
* Ancient City
* Shipwreck
* Underwater Ruins
* Buried Treasure
* Ruined Portal
* Nether Fortress
* Bastion
* End City
Most chests found contain items. The chests found in woodland mansion storage rooms are all empty.

## Crafting

Crafting recipe:
* Tripwire Hook
* Chest
This makes a trapped chest.
Crafting recipe:
* Shulker Shell
* Chest
* Shulker Shell
This makes a shulker box.
Crafting recipe:
* Chest
* Minecart
This makes a chested minecart.
Crafting recipe:
* Chest
* Boat
This makes a chest in boat.
Crafting recipe:
| Iron Ingot | | Iron Ingot |
| Iron Ingot | Chest | Iron Ingot |
| | Iron Ingot | |
This makes a hopper.

## Bonus Chest

You can turn on a "bonus chest" setting, which spawns a chest near the spawn point, along with four torches (or less if it could not be placed.
The bonus chest has items to help you start, including saplings, sticks, tools and food.

## Notes

* Piglins get angry if you open or break a chest and they can see you.
* If you place 2 chests next to each other, they will connect to form a double chest.
* On some editions and older versions, you cannot place a chest next to a double-chest. You can fill the empty space with a trapped chest.

## Achievements
### Chestful of cobblestone

Fill an entire chest with cobblestone.

### Freight station

Use a hopper to move an item from a chested minecart to a chest.

### Smelt everything!

Connect three chests to a furnace with three hoppers.
# Minecraft/Cooked Beef

Minecraft
Blocks | Items | Mobs
Structures
Miscellaneous
Guides
Also known as "cooked steak" on older editions.

## See also

* Raw Beef
* Cow
# Minecraft/Chicken
## Chicken

Minecraft
Blocks | Items | Mobs
Structures
Miscellaneous
Guides
Essential animals for all farmers and those who want cake.

## Abilities and strengths/weaknesses
### Drops

* 1 raw chicken
* 0 - 2 feathers
* 1 - 3 exp. points

## Description

Chickens lay an egg every few minutes.
They are also hunted by foxes and ocelots.
Can be bred with seeds of any kind.

## Strategies

None

## Mobs

* Animals
       Sheep
       Pig
       Cow
       Chicken
       Bat
       Cat
       Ocelot
       Wolf
       Fox
       Horse
       Donkey
       Mule
       Llama
       Bunny
       Frog
       Axolotl
       Tadpole
       Panda
       Mooshroom
* Monsters
       Creeper
       Zombie
       Skeleton
       Stray
       Witch
       Slime
       Phantom
       Warden
* Ocean
       Cod
       Pufferfish
       Salmon
       Tropical Fish
       Squid
       Glow Squid
       Dolphin
       Turtle
       Guardian
       Elder Guardian
* Nether
       Blaze
       Ghast
       Piglin
       Zombified Piglin
       Hoglin
       Strider
       Wither Skeleton
* End
       Enderman
       Endermite
       Shulker
* Illager/Villagers
       Villager
       Wandering Trader
       Illager
       Pillager
       Evoker
       Vex
       Ravanger
* Utility
       Snow Golem
       Iron Golem
       Allay
* Bosses
       Wither
       Ender Dragon
* Secret mobs
       Npc
# Minecraft/Coal

Minecraft
Blocks | Items | Mobs
Structures
Miscellaneous
Guides
A common, useful mineral that can be used as furnace fuel.

## Obtaining

Coal can be obtained by mining coal ore underground.

## Use

Crafting recipe:
* Coal
* Stick
This makes 4 torches.
Crafting recipe:
| Coal | Coal | Coal |
| Coal | Coal | Coal |
| Coal | Coal | Coal |
This makes a block of coal.
Can be used as fuel.
# Minecraft/Cobblestone

Minecraft
Blocks | Items | Mobs
Structures
Miscellaneous
Guides
Very common, cobblestone is the next stage up after wood, being more durable and impervious to flame. Cobblestone is great to build with in the early game, as it offers relatively high durability compared to wood or dirt with only a little effort. This also frees up wood to be used more exclusively for crafting or decoration. Shortly after the player begins mining in earnest, they will quickly begin to accumulate cobblestone, and will often find themselves with much more than is immediately needed. Even later in the game, cobblestone is often used for temporary structures, or for very large external structures where some durability is desired (For example roadways).

## Obtaining

Cobblestone make up dungeons, jungle temples, and outposts to name a few and is dropped by stone.
You can also get it when flowing water touches flowing lava.

## Crafting

Cobblestone is used in a lot of recipes such as dispensers, droppers, furnaces, and levers (etc.).
Crafting recipe:
| Cobblestone | Cobblestone | Cobblestone |
| Cobblestone | | Cobblestone |
| Cobblestone | Cobblestone | Cobblestone |
This makes a furnace.

## Achievements
### Chestful of cobblestone

Fill an entire chest with cobblestone.
# Minecraft/Cod
## Cod

Minecraft
Blocks | Items | Mobs
Structures
Miscellaneous
Guides
A type of fish.

## Abilities and strengths/weaknesses

Aquatic
Can swim in water, but will die if it is out of the water for too long. Takes increased damage from the impaling enchantment.

### Drops

* 1 raw cod
* 0 -1 bones (on bedrock edition)
* 0 - 1 bonemeal (on java edition)
* 1 - 3 exp. points

## Description

A fish. Nothing more to say.

## Strategies

None

## Mobs

* Animals
       Sheep
       Pig
       Cow
       Chicken
       Bat
       Cat
       Ocelot
       Wolf
       Fox
       Horse
       Donkey
       Mule
       Llama
       Bunny
       Frog
       Axolotl
       Tadpole
       Panda
       Mooshroom
* Monsters
       Creeper
       Zombie
       Skeleton
       Stray
       Witch
       Slime
       Phantom
       Warden
* Ocean
       Cod
       Pufferfish
       Salmon
       Tropical Fish
       Squid
       Glow Squid
       Dolphin
       Turtle
       Guardian
       Elder Guardian
* Nether
       Blaze
       Ghast
       Piglin
       Zombified Piglin
       Hoglin
       Strider
       Wither Skeleton
* End
       Enderman
       Endermite
       Shulker
* Illager/Villagers
       Villager
       Wandering Trader
       Illager
       Pillager
       Evoker
       Vex
       Ravanger
* Utility
       Snow Golem
       Iron Golem
       Allay
* Bosses
       Wither
       Ender Dragon
* Secret mobs
       Npc
# Lineage 2/The Player Character (PC) Classes & Character Guides/Assassin

Assasin is an offensive warrior class of the Darkelves. They specialize into light armor and wield daggers and bows.
# Lineage 2/The Player Character (PC) Classes & Character Guides/Cleric

Cleric is the base class for the human clerics. They wear light armor or robes and can use any weapon.

## Key Skills

Format: Spell Name (Max Skilllevel) - Description (Level of Update+Number of Updates)
* Acumen (2) - Increases Cast.Speed of target. (20/30)
* Battle Heal (15) - Heals faster but at greater mp cost than Heal. (14+3/20+3/25+3/30+3/35+3)
* Berserker Spirit (1) - Temporarily reduces P. Def. and increases P. Atk., M. Atk., Atk. Spd. and Casting Spd. (35)
* Concentration (2) - Temporarily lowers the probability of magic being canceled due to damage. (20/30)
* Cure Poison (2) - Cures poison. (7/35)
* Curse: Poison (1) - Poisons target. (7)
* Curse: Weakness (1) - Lowers P.atk of target. (14)
* Disrupt Undead (8) - Damage undead target. (20+2/25+2/30+2/35+2)
* Dryad Root (9) - Hold target. (25+3/30+3/35+3)
* Focus (1) - Temporarily increases critical attack rate. (25)
* Peace (1) - Puts opponent's mind at peace. Desire to attack is decreased. (35)
* Group Heal (15) - Heals all members of the current party. (14+3/20+3/25+3/30+3/35+3)
* Heal (18) - Heals the target. (7+3/14+3/20+3/25+3/30+3/35+3)
* Holy Weapon (1) - Temporary holy enhancement of physical attack. (25)
* Ice Bolt (4) - Freezing attack with a slow effect on target. (7+2/14+2)
* Kiss of Eva (1) - Temporarily increases lung capacity. (20)
* Mental Shield (1) - Temporarily increases resistance to Hold, Sleep, Fear, and Silence. (25)
* Might (2) - Increases P.atk of target. (7/20)
* Resist Fire (1) - Temporarily increases resistance to attacks by fire. (30)
* Resurrection (2) - Resurrects party member. (20/30)
* Regeneration (1) - Temporarily increases HP recovery. (35)
* Shield (2) - Increases P.def of target. (7/25)
* Sleep (9) - Puts target into slumber. (25+3/30+3/35+3)
* Vampiric Touch (2) - Absorbs hp of target. (14+2)
* Wind Strike (5) - Wind attack on target. (1/7+2/14+2)
* Wind Walk (2) - Temporarily increases Speed. (20/30)
# Lineage 2/The Player Character (PC) Classes & Character Guides/Destroyer

Destroyer is a general warrior class of the orcs. They wear heavy or light armor and wield Sword, Blunt, Twohanded weapons and Polearms.

## Skills

- TODO -

## Equipment

The best equipment on d-grade would be the Brigandine Set and the Bonebreaker, the Glaive and the Claymore. On c-grade the full plate set combined with the Yaksa Mace SA Health, the Orcish Poleaxe SA Long Blow and the Berserker Blade SA Haste would be best. On b-grade Doom Heavy with Art of Battle Axe SA Health, Lance SA Longblow and Great Sword SA Focus. On a-grade Nightmare Heavy with Elysian Axe SA Health, Tallum Glaive SA Health (or Wide Blow) and Dragon Slayer SA Health (or Critical Bleed, but Destroyers don't get many Criticals).
# Lineage 2/The Player Character (PC) Classes & Character Guides/Bishop

Bishops are the specialized healers in Lineage 2. They are the only class which gets the uber healing spells Greater Battle Heal and Restore Life, and they get the powerful Mass Resurrection. They also can solo undead non-group mobs quite easily.

# Key Skills
## Healing

* Greater Heal - Improved version of Heal. (40+3)
* Greater Battle Heal – Improved version of Battle Heal. (40+3)
* Greater Group Heal – Improved version of Group Heal. (40+3)
* Greater Resurrection (3) – Resurrects another character from dead, restores up to 70% of xp. (?/?/40)
* Mass Resurrection – Resurrects every dead clan/alliance member in a very short range. (40)
(this skill is currently bugged if you use it, do not have anything targeted)
* Purify – Heals paralysis and removes bleed and poison.
* Restore Life – Heals a percentage of HP.

## Attacks

* Hold Undead – Paralizes an undead mob for a few minutes.
* Might of Heaven – Damage against an undead mob.
* Peace - Puts opponent's mind at peace. Desire to attack is decreased.
* Requiem – Disables preemptive attacks from undead mobs in a fixed range.
* Repose – Disables undead mobs will to attack in a fixed range.
* Sleep – Puts a target into a state of sleep.

## Equipment/Playstyle

Bishops get the skill to wear both robes and light armor. Like all clerical classes, they get a generic weapon skill that allows to use all weapons equally well. While battling undead with their spells, they will prefer weapons with high matk. Otherwise, they have little use for it. Still wizard weapons are a good choice for bishops on high levels as they can have special abilities like Mana Up or Acumen.
# Lineage 2/The Player Character (PC) Classes & Character Guides/Dark Fighter

Dark Fighter is the starting warrior class of the darkelves.

## Key Skills

Format: Name (Max. Level) - Description (Level[+Updates]/Next Level ...)

### Active

* Attack Aura (1) - Temporarily increases P.Atk. Conflicts with clerical "Might" Buff. (10)
* Defense Aura (1) - Temporarily increases P.Def. Conflicts with clerical "Shield" Buff. (5)
* Drain Health (2) - Absorbs HP. (15+2)
* Moral Blow (9) - Damage attack. Dagger only. (5+3/10+3/15+3)
* Power Shot (9) - Damage attack. Over-hit available. Bow only. (5+3/10+3/15+3)
* Power Strike (9) - Damage attack. Over-hit available. Sword and Blunt only. (5+3/10+3/15+3)

### Passive

* Armor Mastery (5) - Increase P.Def. (5/10+2/15+2)
* Shadow Sense (1) - Increases Accurancy at night (15)
* Weapon Mastery (3) - Increases P.Atk (5/10/15)
# Islam In The World/Tunisia
## References

* ↑ للسنة الثالثة على التوالي -حرمان طالبة تونسية من الامتحان عقابًا على حجابها
# Islam In The World/USA
## Direct contradiction with the Quran

* Lax laws about morality. Permits the public expression of sexual acts to a certain degree.
* Permits torture.
* Does not prohibit alchohol (though has an age limit on its consumption).
* Economic model not in accordance with the Quran.

## Opinions of muslims

* Many Muslims perceive the US cultural, political and economic hegemony as enemy number one.
* Muslims have more freedoms in the USA than in some Arab or Muslim countries.

## Opinions on Islam

Just as the opinions of Muslims on the United States, there is a wide spectrum of opinions on Islam amongst Americans.
After the September 11, 2001, terrorism acts hostile attitudes towards Muslims became noticeable and hate-crimes rose. Muslim communities and the government quickly intervened to educate the population and down-play some of the "crusade" talk first noticeable in the president's speech. This bore considerable fruit and only a minority sees Islam inherently violent, while most see it as vulnerable to "misinterpretation" as Christianity.
There is also the view that while Islam may not be inherently evil, its current manifestation is intolerant and promoting violence and intolerance, the latter being the foundation of peaceful coexistence.
Sharia law is viewed negatively as an unjust form of law, pitted against those who in lower social ranks, women in particular. This is largely tainted by the fact that most news reports of Sharia verdicts are those that Westerners will in general find shocking. Examples are the stoning of adulterers, in particular those where there is no breech of wedlock (e.g. two unwed people have sex) where even those Americans who consider it a sin would argue that it still was not a crime, and those where the victim of rape will be stoned as punishment while the perpetrators walk free.

## References

* ↑ التعذيب الديمقراطي,موقع المسلم
# Islam Way of Life/Bibliography

* ISBN 978-9004171039, The Qur'an, Morality and Critical Reason, The Essential Muhammad Shahrur, Muhammad Shahrur (Author), Reas Christmann (Author), Andreas Christmann (Editor), Brill (March 31, 2009).
* Shahrour's Glossary of Quran (excerpt from ISBN 978-9004171039
* Reading the Religious Text - A New Approach By Dr. Mohammad Shahrour. "...the legal aspects of the Qur'an: the code of moral, the legal system, and the rituals..."
* Five Myths about Muslims in America, by Imam Feisal Abdul Rauf
* ISBN 0-7645-5581-2, The Koran for Dummies, "Similar arrangement, starting with Sacred Prohibitions, then Beliefs, Rituals, and Social Development", Sohaib Sultan, Wiley Publishing, Inc., 2004.
* Altafsir.com. "...all the most important tafsirs from the seven madhhabs (Maliki, Hanafi, Hanbali, Shafi’i, Zeidi, Jafari, and Ibadhi)...", Ministry of Religious Affairs, Jordan.
* English Translation of The Holy Koran by Muhammad Sarwar, 1981. "Loose and innovative style. Attractively readable.", Clay Chip Smith, Texas.
* Sahih Muslim Hadith by Muslim Student Association of University of Southern California
* Fiqh-us-Sunnah by Sayyid Saabiq by Muslim Student Association of University of Southern California. "This work presents hadith evidences for rulings corresponding to about 95 percent of those of the Shafi'i school.", Nuh Ha Mim Keller.
* MuslimHeritage.com, "1000 years of missing history of Muslim contribution to present day Science, Technology, Arts and Civilisation", Foundation for Science Technology and Civilization, United Kingdom.
* 20 Greatest Inventions by Muslim Scientists
* The Simpler Way, "...if we shift to The Simpler Way are we likely to restore satisfactory community and social cohesion.", Ted Trainer, School of Social Works, The University of New South Wales.
* IslamForToday.com "A guide to the religion of Islam, Muslim history and civilizations, the rights of women in Islam, Islam in the West and around the world today plus Muslim schools and family life."
* Muhammadiyah, "an Asian-flavor of Sunnah/Salafi movement in Singapore". It has several partners in Asia .
* MadinahArabic.com, Free Arabic Language study materials
* , Islamic and Arabic Language books and resource
* ISBN 1-56751-194-5 Rogue state: a guide to the world's only superpower, William Blum, Common Courage Press.
* One World Government, an opposing view by Robert Wright.
* Islamic Family Legal System on dozens on Countries, compiled by Emory Law School.
* ISLAM: Governing Under Sharia Q&A, by Sharon Otterman, associate director, cfr.org
* Stoning as a Form of Punishment under Sharia Law by ISHR Germany
* Constitutions in Islamic and Muslim State, by Khalifah Institute
* International Law and Treaties, by United Nations.
# Orthopaedic Surgery/Injury

* Orthopaedic Surgery
* INTRODUCTION ·
* AUTHORS ·
* ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ·
* NOTE TO AUTHORS
* 1.Basic Sciences ·
* 2.Upper Limb ·
* 3.Foot and Ankle ·
* 4.Spine ·
* 5.Hand and Microsurgery ·
* 6.Paediatric Orthopaedics ·
* 7.Adult Reconstruction ·
* 8.Sports Medicine ·
* 9.Musculoskeletal Tumours ·
* 10.Injury ·
* 11.Surgical Procedures ·
* 12.Rehabilitation ·
* 13.Practice
| | Preface | |
| <<Blunt Trauma | Preface | Trauma>> |

## Trauma

* Motor Vehicle Accidents
* Interpersonal Violence
* Occupational Injury

## Fractures and Dislocations

* Major Injuries
* Principles of Fractures
* Shoulder
* Upper Arm and Elbow
* Forearm and Wrist
* Hand
* Spine
* Pelvis
* Hip and Femur
* Knee and Leg
* Ankle and Foot
# Orthopaedic Surgery/Imaging and Special Studies

* Orthopaedic Surgery
* INTRODUCTION ·
* AUTHORS ·
* ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ·
* NOTE TO AUTHORS
* 1.Basic Sciences ·
* 2.Upper Limb ·
* 3.Foot and Ankle ·
* 4.Spine ·
* 5.Hand and Microsurgery ·
* 6.Paediatric Orthopaedics ·
* 7.Adult Reconstruction ·
* 8.Sports Medicine ·
* 9.Musculoskeletal Tumours ·
* 10.Injury ·
* 11.Surgical Procedures ·
* 12.Rehabilitation ·
* 13.Practice
* Current Chapter: Basic Sciences
| | Imaging and Special Studies | |
| <<Transfusions | Imaging and Special Studies | Decision Making>> |
The value of diagnostic testing is overestimated. For many conditions the likelihood of a disease in the population selected at random is small, on the order of one in a thousand. Arguably that likelihood is increased if the sample is instead the population of individuals who have self selected or been referred to an orthopedic office. All diagnostic tests have both false positive and false negative results which by traditional statistics or Bayesian inference can be calculated to define the likelihood of the patient having the disease if a given diagnostic test is positive. The strength of evidence provided by a diagnostic test is going to be influenced by the baseline likelihood of disease in the sampled population. The more specialized the provider in dealing with a specific set of problems the higher the likelihood that a larger proportion of that population has definable pathologies of a certain category. A diagnostic test may be exceedingly unhelpful, not to mention cost ineffective when used as a population screen and yet be reasonably useful in the hands of a subspecialist who may order the test. The likelihood that a positive result is a true positive is increased in the latter case. While it may be true that for an especially rare condition the likelihood in the face of a positive test result may still be less than 1 in 2, the fact of a positive diagnostic test may have increased the likelihood that the disease is present by a factor of 10 relative to the general population of patients in that office. Thus for the specialist and the patient the chances for a successful outcome by virtue of the accurate identification of the pathology in question has been improved. It should be emphasized however that the uncertainty in by no means eliminated.
Bayesian Inference
* Decision Making
* Radiography
* Computed Tomography
* Magnetic Resonance Imaging
* Arthrography
* Nuclear Medicine
** Bone Scan
** Gallium Scan
** WBC Scan
** Other Scans
* Electrodiagnostic Studies
* Ultrasonography
* Bone Density Measurement