OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# What is P2P ?

Generally, a peer-to-peer (or P2P) computer network refers to any network that does not have fixed clients and servers, but a number of autonomous peer nodes that function as both clients and servers to the other nodes on the network. This model of network arrangement is contrasted with the client-server model (that was unable to scale up to todays necessities). In the P2P model any node should be able to initiate or complete any supported transaction. Peer nodes may differ in local configuration, processing speed, network bandwidth, and storage quantity. This is the basic definition any p2p system.
The term P2P may mean different things to different people in different contexts. For instance, although the term has been applied to Usenet and IRC in all their incarnations and is even applicable to the network of IP hosts known as the Internet, it is most often used restricted to the networks of peers developed starting in the late 1990s characterized by transmission of data upon the receiver's request instead of the sender's. Such early networks included Gnutella, FastTrack, and the now-defunct Napster which all provide facilities for free (and somewhat anonymous) file transfer between personal computers connected in a dynamic and unreliable way to a network in order to work collectively towards a shared objective.
Even those early Networks did work around the same concept or implementation. In some Networks, such as Napster, OpenNap or IRC, the client-server structure is used for some tasks (e.g. searching) and a peer-to-peer structure for others, and even that is not consistent in each. Networks such as Gnutella or Freenet, use a peer-to-peer structure for all purposes and are sometimes referred to as true peer-to-peer networks, even though some of the last evolution are now making them into a hybrid approach were each peer is not equal in its functions.
When the term peer-to-peer was used to describe the Napster network, it implied that the peer protocol nature was important, but in reality the great achievement of Napster was the empowerment of the peers (ie, the fringes of the network). The peer protocol was just a common way to achieve this.
So the best approach will be to define peer-to-peer, not as a set of strict definitions but to extend it to a definition of a technical/social/cultural movement, that attempts to provide a decentralized, dynamic and self regulated structure (in direct opposition to the old model o central control or server-client model, that failed to scale up to today's expectations), with the objective of providing content and services. In this way a computer programs/protocol that attempts to escape the need to use a central servers/repository and aims to empower or provide a similar level of service/access to a collection of similar computers can be referred to as being a P2P implementation, and it will be in fact enabling everyone to be a creator/provider, not only a consumer. Every P2P system is by definition self feeding, the more participants it has the better it will satisfy it's objectives.
# World Stamp Catalogue/Central America
## List of stamp-issuing entities in Central America

* Costa Rica – CRI
* Cuba – CUB
* Dominican Republic – DOM
* El Salvador – PER
* Guatemala – GTM
* Haiti – HTI
* Honduras – HND
* Nicaragua – NIC
* Panama – PAN
# World Stamp Catalogue/Chad
## Chad

* Postage stamps and postal history of Chad
# World Stamp Catalogue/Canal Zone
## The Canal Zone

* Postage stamps and postal history of the Canal Zone
# World Stamp Catalogue/Cape Juby
## Cape Juby

* Postage stamps and postal history of Cape Juby
# World Stamp Catalogue/Central African Republic
## Central African Republic

* Postage stamps and postal history of Central African Republic
# World Stamp Catalogue/Canada/Polio Vaccination 1955–2005

The Canadian postage stamp of Polio Vaccination 1955–2005, issued September 2, 2005, was a domestic 50-cent stamp commemorating the fight against polio, which Canada Post rightfully described as "one of the most feared diseases of the first half of the 20th century".
While such an epidemic would immediately suggest something reserved and mournful, Canada Post's Liz Wong commented "We didn't want a sombre message. We wanted to focus on the benefits that exist now. It's something to celebrate."
The stamp, designed by Toronto graphic designer Debbie Adams of Adams & Associates, features six colourful silhouettes of children, jumping and playing. The children are equal in gender. According to Adams, "It illustrates in a positive way that, as a result of the polio vaccine, children are free from the fear of contracting this dehabilitating disease."
Artificial legs are "thrown" off to the side of the stamp, as a juxtaposition. The photo of these legs was by Andrew Layerle.
Two-and-a-half million stamps were printed by Canadian Bank Note, with PVA gum and 13+ perforations. The stamps are lithography in eight colours, on Tullis Russell Coatings paper. The stamp was 35 mm × 48 mm, horizontal. The panes of sixteen stamps have general tagging on four sides.
The Official First Day Cover Cancellation was issued in Ottawa, Ontario. Last day of sale will be 1 September 2006.

## References

* Pat Newson, "Polio Vaccination 1955–2005", Canada's Stamp Details, Volume XIV, No 3, ISSN 1191-8217
Template:Canadian stamps
# World Stamp Catalogue/Cape of Good Hope
## the Cape of Good Hope

* Postage stamps and postal history of the Cape of Good Hope
# World Stamp Catalogue/Chile
## Chile

* Postage stamps and postal history of Chile
# World Stamp Catalogue/Caribbean
## List of stamp-issuing entities in the Caribbean

* Cuba -
* Jamaica -
* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines –
* Turks and Caicos -
# World Stamp Catalogue/Caroline Islands
## the Caroline Islands

* Postage stamps and postal history of the Caroline Islands
# Super Mario Bros. Deluxe

Super Mario Bros. Deluxe is an enhanced compilation of Super Mario Bros. and Super Mario Bros. 2: For Super Players. Besisdes these two titles it also includes new gameplay modes and unlockable features, such as. The games use the same graphics as the original releases (rather than the enhanced graphics used in Super Mario All-Stars as the Game Boy Color cannot support it); other than Super Mario Bros. 2 only having eight worlds (Worlds 9 through D are removed) and the addition of map screens the games are largely unaltered from the NES originals.

## Contents

The following are the new features:
* Challenge
* Vs Game
* You Vs Boo
# Super Mario Bros. Deluxe/Vs Game

High Scores
By selecting High Scores from the menu, you can use the Game Boy Color's IR Transmitter to wirelessly exchange High Scores with a Friend. All 20 scores from both systems are combined, and the top 10 of these are kept as the new scoreboard. Try to get to the top!
Vs. Game
The Vs. Game is a co-op game mode in Super Mario Bros. Deluxe where you and a friend can race to the finish to win the game. The first player is Mario and the second player is Luigi. This mode is related to Vs. Boo, except that Boo is not in this mode and blocks and bricks can be reversed by you and your competitor to make the challenge trickier for that person. When blocks are white for one person, they are red for the other. Also, fireballs can be used to hit the other player and render him unable to jump for a short time.
The first player to hit the flagpole or grab the axe wins. If one player dies, the game continues for a few seconds before ending (and if he fell down a pit, the ground shakes). If the other player survives, that player wins. If both players die, the winner is the one with more coins. If both players die and are tied for coins, the game is a draw. The princess goes with the character who wins, and the losing character ends up crying. If you both are in a draw, both of your characters are worn out and you can see Mario and Luigi sitting back to back. Like Vs. Boo, you can only select World 1-1 through World 2-4.
# Super Mario Bros. Deluxe/You Vs Boo

You vs. Boo is a mini-game where Mario must race against a Boo. You race Boo along 8 different courses that share the same general layout as the first 8 levels of regular Super Mario Bros. The courses bear little other resemblance to the regular levels.
Most courses feature blocks that appear and disappear depending on the alignment of switch blocks. These blocks can be switched by jumping underneath them. The switching blocks will display either a red angry face with its tongue out, which shows that blocks are out to hinder you, or a white smiling face, where the blocks are out to help you. The switch will flip from white to red at regular intervals if it is not already red, and these intervals have a set time (they are not random). It is helpful to have an idea of the timing of the flips will be so you can plan your actions.
Other courses (mainly castles) have blocks that flip between spikes and ground. The flip timing is set by red and white blocks with a countdown displayed on them. Again, it is helpful to plan your strategy so that you will have solid ground to run on when you need it. Sometimes it is even best to turn the ground into spikes early so that you can flip it back at the proper time.
Once a course is cleared for the first time, Mario's time is recorded, and the next race will have the Boo set to clear the course in this time. If Mario's time is good enough, the Boo's color will change from white, to green, to red, and finally to black. The current time for any course can be cleared by pressing START. Mario's size can also be changed by pressing SELECT, which is helpful for courses where a small Mario can fit into places better.
Boo cannot kill Mario through the course of the game, and coins do not matter. It is also possible to play as Luigi in this mode by first selecting him as the active character in Original mode.
# Super Mario Galaxy 2/Grandmaster Galaxy

The Grandmaster Galaxy is the last and final galaxy in the Super Mario Galaxy 2 game, and to be able to open it and to get the last 2 stars, it requires certain conditions.

## The Ultimate Test
### Requirment

To be able to take the ultimate test in the Grandmaster Galaxy, you gonna have to collect all the stars available in the game. Only once you will have 240 stars (120 Gold stars and 120 Green stars) this Galaxy will show up with The Ultimate Test level.

### Walkthrough
## The Perfect Run (prankster comet star)
### Requirement

While activating the first level might be "easy", to activate the prankster comet star, you will have to gain 9,999 star bits in Toad bank account. There's no easy way to gain all of those except for grinding levels, or replaying the game in new save and sending star bits in toad bank to share the bits. Once you gather all 9,999 star bits, the level will show up.

### Walkthrough
## 100% Completion

Once you gain all 242 stars, there will be an addition to Mario starship - Rosalina. Talk to her and she will thank you for gathering all the stars in the game.
Also, in the main save screen, your icon will shine with sparkles, and the title for your save will get a crown and the title will be "Master of Galaxies!". Congratulation on finishing the game 100%.
# Super Mario Galaxy 2/World 1

World 1 of Super Mario Galaxy 2 contains 7 Galaxies. The Boss Galaxy in this world is Bowser's Junior Gobblegut. To complete this world you will need 7 regular stars (as prankster comet stars won't be available 'till later) .
The save title for this world would be: "World 1: The Great Space Journey Begins".
(Note: this guide is only for the main course gold stars, the post game's green stars have it's own guide)

## Galaxies

* Sky Station
* Yoshi Star
* Spin-Dig
* Flip-Swap (side galaxy)
* Fluffy Bluff
* Righstide Down
* Bowser's Jrs Fierry Flostila (boss galaxy)
# Super Mario Galaxy 2/Epilogue

The game will start like a book reading, with more 2D style than 3D style. Here you will learn the basic controls such as the spin attack.
"Now, let me tell you a new story that also begins with stardust" (referencing the first Super Mario Galaxy)
Click A and the game will continue. You will receive a letter from peach to come watching stars with here, and the first section will appear.
In the first section there won't be much platforming, simply collect the star bits and hear what the toads as to say, jump on the ? blocks to get coins, and simply move forward like any other Super Mario game.
Second Section, Mario will find lost Luma that will take like in Mario. Gathering his trust will make you able to spin by shaking Wiimote. Continue forward and you will see crystals containing star bits, spin to break them. Do a backward jump to reach the higher blocks.
Third section, now you will find more Luma in crystal, spin to break them and continue to the castle. Continue to break free the Luma and you will find Bowser huge as never was before. Turns out he kidnapped Peach, and he's aiming toward building his empire at the centre of the universe. After he will take off, two Luma's at the distance will call you, and the gameplay now will return to be 3D style. Go toward the castle to talk with both of those Luma's. Those Luma's will present the situation, and will make a star portal to make Mario jump toward the 1st Galaxy Sky Station.
# Super Mario Galaxy 2
## Contents

* Controls
* Characters
* Enemies
* Side Quests

### Walkthrough

Epilogue
Hub (Starship Mario)

#### Main Course (Gold Stars)

* World 1
* World 2
* World 3
* World 4
* World 5
* World 6

#### Post Game Content

* World S
* Green Stars
* Grandmaster Galaxy
# The implementation of E-Government/E-Government by country/Russia/Unified information system in the field of procurement

Unified information system in the field of procurement - is designed to provide free and unrestricted access to full and reliable information about the contract system in the procurement of goods, works, services by certain types of legal entities.

## E-services

Information is provided by sections:
* Procurement Planning;
* Procurement Implementation;
* Information about contracts and contracts;
* Monitoring, audit and control in the field of procurement.

## Open Data

A unified information system in the field of procurement provides in open access:
* documents:
** procurement legislation;
** electronic trading platform (ETP), a single trade aggregator (STA);
** technical materials;
** educational materials;
** list of financial organizations;
** list of banks in which the operator of the electronic platform opens accounts for accounting of funds deposited by the procurement participants as a security for bids;
** list of foreign countries with which the Russian Federation has concluded international treaties on the application of the national regime in the implementation of procurement;
** plan for the purchase of vehicles in 2015-2017;
** forecast of the volume of purchases of products;
** list of agent banks that have a request for proposals for the placement and exchange of bonds of the Russian Federation on the international capital market;
** the list of agent banks, whose offers for the provision of services for the placement and exchange of bonds of bonded loans of the Russian Federation on the international capital market, are recognized as the best;
** list of standard procurement regulations.
In the section "Purchases from small businesses and socially-oriented non-profit organizations (SB and SONO)" the user can access the advanced search for purchases and lots by customer number, name or TIN.
The result of the search is information about the purchase, namely:
* purchase number;
* date and time of placement;
* general information:
** general information about the purchase;
** information about the organization performing the determination of the supplier (contractor, performer);
** information on the procurement procedure;
** initial (maximum) contract price;
** information about the object of purchase;
** benefits, requirements for participants;
* customer requirements;
* documents;
* the event log.
# The implementation of E-Government/E-Government by country/Russia/Web portal E-budget

The unified portal of the budget system of the Russian Federation provides services and information in the following sections:
* Budget system;
* Budget;
* Regions;
* The public sector;
* Russia in the world;
* News;
* Data and services;
* About the portal.

## E-services

The web portal "Electronic Budget" - is a web portal that provides services for the formation of various reports, as well as services for the calculation of taxes.
Data Constructor
Users can generate reports in the form of tables and graphs by categories:
* Income;
* Expenses;
* Sources of financing the budget deficit;
* State debt;
* Financial management;
* Government sector;
* Consolidated budget list;
* Russia in the world.
Calculators
Users can independently calculate the personal income tax, family expenses, tax deductions, maternity benefits, energy saving costs.

## Open Data

Open data of the portal "Electronic budget" - is an electronic service that provides the ability to download data on the budget process of the Russian Federation in a machine-readable form (xml, csv, json format) for subsequent use and processing by everyone.
Open data of two authorities is available to users:
* Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation;
* Federal Treasury.
On the web portal is a very convenient search engine with filters:
* update frequency:
** operational;
** monthly;
** quarterly;
** annual;
* data format:
** csv;
** xml;
** API.
# The implementation of E-Government/E-Government by country/Russia/Treasury of Russian Federation

The official website of the Treasury of Russia provides information and services in the following sections:
* About Treasury;
* News;
* Documents;
* Budget execution;
* Financial operations;
* Control;
* State information systems;
* Other activities;
* Electronic reception.

## E-services
### State Information System (SIS)

Federal Treasury commissioned the applicant's portal "Forming requests for certificates" (FRC) which optimizes the process of obtaining certificates and allows:
* form a primary request for a certificate (a visit to the territorial office of the Federal Treasury (TOFT) is required);
* carry out a planned change of the certificate without visiting the TOFT using the electronic signature and the corresponding valid certificate issued by the Certification Center of the Federal Treasury (CCFT), to the certificate holder and to the person acting on behalf of the applicant, provided that previously provided by the CCFT information has not changed;
* search for certificates issued by the CCFT;
* create a certificate of status;
* verify the authenticity of the electronic signature under the electronic document.

### Electronic reception

The electronic reception of the Treasury of the Russian Federation provides the following services:
* send an appeal;
* personal reception of citizens and organizations;
* frequently asked Questions;
* recovery from the federal budget;
* regulatory and legal framework;
* review of references.

## Open Data

Open Data Treasury of Russia has more than 3,270 open data sets.
The open data of the Treasury of the Russian Federation are presented by sections:
* Roskazna;
* Unified Procurement Information System;
* Unified portal of the budget system;
* Official site for posting information about state (municipal) institutions.
# The implementation of E-Government/E-Government by country/Thailand/Ministry of Foreign Affairs

The web portal of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Thailand provides users with services and information on the following sections:
* Ministry of Foreign Affairs;
* Foreign policy;
* Consular services;
* Thailand in the international organization ASEAN;
* Media Center;
* Information for visitors to Thailand;
* Thailand today.

## E-services

The web portal of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs provides services to users in the following categories:
* traveling abroad;
* passport;
* information about the documents;
* citizenship and legislation.

## Open Data

Open data of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is available to citizens like data sets:
* Information on transit points between Thailand and neighboring countries.
* Legal information that is supported or complies with the provisions concerning the approval or authorization of the Ministry of the Interior.
* Information about the tender of the Chancellery of the Permanent Secretary of the Interior.
# The implementation of E-Government/E-Government by country/Russia/Web portal Russian Public Initiative

Russian Public Initiative - internet resource for hosting petitions of citizens of the Russian Federation.
To enter the site, you must enter a login (phone number, email address or SNILS) and a password to log into the Unified portal of public services (authorization through the unified system of identification and authorization USIA).
Petitions are the proposals of Russian citizens on the issues of social and economic development of the country, improvement of state and municipal management.

## E-services

For full use of the service, registration is required. In the absence of registration, the user can only view the posted petitions and share it in the social. networks.
If a user is registered on the web portal, he can create and publish a petition (initiative), as well as vote for an existing petition.
When viewing a petition, the following information is displayed:
* petition text;
* the number of those who voted "For the initiative";
* the number of voters against the initiative;
* the number of remaining required signatures;
* end date of the collection of signatures;
* initiative number;
* level of initiative.
# The implementation of E-Government/E-Government by country/Thailand/Department of land transport

The web portal of the Land Transport Department provides information on the following main sections:
* Public information;
** Driver's license:
** Recovery of a Thai driver's license;
** Obtaining a temporary driver's license;
** Obtaining an international driver's license according to the Geneva Convention;
* Knowledge center.

## E-services

Department of Land Transport provides the next opportunities for users:
* online payments of tax invoices;
* information on the route of passenger transport in the system;
* guide to bus routes Bangkok-Thailand;
* legal information services;
* information center of Department of Land Transport;
* direct payment system;
* car auction;
* applying for a license to use a private car;
* the history of public transport drivers;
* the car registration;
* license renewal system (permit) for vehicles;
* public transport registration system.
To apply this e-services users registration is needed.